INTRODUCCIONEn la ciencia de los materiales se debe estudiar las propiedades de cada material relacionada con su composicin, esto significa que la variacin mnima en la composicin de los materiales va a determinar propiedades completamente distintas. Es por eso que se considera necesario tambin el estudio de la forma como se verifican estas propiedades mecnicas. Mediante el desarrollo de este laboratorio se aprendi sobre los distintos instrumentos de medida que se utilizan en estas pruebas as como los dispositivos mecnicos que realizan las cargas necesarias.A continuacin se mostraran los datos obtenidos en las pruebas de traccin y compresin y se relacionaran los resultados obtenidos en ambas pruebas de un mismo material, as como el desempeo de cada material en un mismo tipo de prueba, y se compararan los resultados finales con los registrados en las tablas de libros.

OBJETIVOS

Objetivo generalCuantificar las propiedades mecnicas de los materiales de prueba y compararlos con los datos tericos registrados en los libros de mecnica de materiales.

Objetivos especficos Verificar que las grficas del comportamiento de los materiales de prueba este acorde con las grficas de los libros. Comparar las propiedades de los materiales sometidos a esfuerzos de traccin y compresin. Comparar la respuesta de los tres materiales de prueba a esfuerzos de traccin Comparar la respuesta de los tres materiales a esfuerzos de compresin.

MATERIALES

PROCEDIMIENTO

Se prepararon las 5 probetas con las dimensiones especificadas y con los materiales establecidos, luego se identificaron los diferentes dispositivos con que cuenta el laboratorio de materiales para realizar las pruebas de traccin y de compresin y uno ms aun por desarrollar para realizar ensayos de torsin. Se procedi a identificar los instrumentos de medida que se utilizaran en la experiencia tambin se determinaron las normas de seguridad en el laboratorio muy importantes en cualquier experiencia.Posteriormente se realizaron mediciones a las probetas para determinar sus dimensiones iniciales que ayudaran a definir la magnitud de las deformaciones.Luego se ubic la primera probeta para realizar la prueba de traccin. Se ubic el extensmetro para que permitiera tener datos ms exactos de la experiencia. La primera de ellas fue la de aluminio, a la cual deba retirrsele el extensmetro antes de su esfuerzo ltimo.Enseguida se ubic la de acero y despus se le realizo la prueba a la de bronce. Enseguida se realizaron las pruebas de compresin comenzando por la probeta de acero, a la cual se le realizaron inicialmente medicin de sus magnitudes. Posteriormente a la probeta de aluminio se le realizo la prueba de compresin, y as se finaliz esta experiencia.

TABLAS DE DATOS

ACERO

TRACCIONrea (mm)Esfuerzo (N/mm)Longitud (mm) Deformacin

130,6980,059775207500

130,6980,59775207500,00008

130,6981,37482976500,00048

130,6982,211682658500,0012

130,6983,227861176500,00204

130,6984,184264488500,00288

130,6985,200443006500,00372

130,6986,156846317500,00456

130,6987,232800043500,0054

130,6988,069656766500,00624

130,6989,145610491500,00712

130,69810,40088601500,00792

130,69811,59639015500,00876

130,69812,73212291500,00964

130,69814,22649926500,01048

130,69815,54155381500,01128

130,69816,85660836500,01212

130,69818,35099236500,013

130,69819,78559733500,01384

130,69821,39952409500,01468

130,69823,01345851500,01552

130,69824,74693568500,01636

130,69826,71952134500,0172

130,69828,63232796500,01804

130,69830,664685500,01888

130,69833,17524369500,01976

130,69835,68580238500,0206

130,69838,55501232500,02144

130,69841,84264488500,02228

130,69846,38556061500,02312

130,69851,5262284500,024

130,69857,14509786500,02484

130,69863,24216897500,02572

130,69870,17609298500,02664

130,69876,87095441500,02752

130,69883,98414666500,0284

130,69892,05381873500,02928

130,698100,0039021500,03016

130,698108,1333303500,031

130,698116,322591500,03184

130,698124,5117752500,03268

130,698133,1791611500,03348

130,698142,2649926500,03432

130,698151,1714793500,03516

130,698160,5562442500,03596

130,698169,6420756500,0368

130,698179,385377500,0376

130,698189,0689988500,03844

130,698198,9916449500,03928

130,698209,0338796500,04012

130,698219,4348039500,04092

130,698229,4770387500,04176

130,698240,1768198500,0426

130,698251,3547262500,04344

130,698262,1142634500,04428

130,698273,0531454500,04512

130,698284,2908843500,04596

130,698295,5286232500,0468

130,698307,005463500,0476

130,698318,2432019500,04844

130,698329,8396303500,04928

130,698341,0175366500,05012

130,698352,972578500,05096

130,698364,7483512500,0518

130,698376,5240478500,0526

130,698388,6584339500,05344

130,698400,6732314500,05428

130,698412,6282728500,05512

130,698424,7028264500,05596

130,698436,8372125500,0568

130,698448,85201500,05764

130,698460,92664500,05848

130,698473,4196392500,05928

130,698485,9126383500,06012

130,698498,3458813500,06096

130,698510,8987131500,0618

130,698523,1526114500,06264

130,698535,6456105500,06348

130,698548,1386861500,06432

130,698560,4523405500,06512

130,698572,9453396500,06596

130,698585,6775161500,0668

130,698598,2302713500,06764

130,698610,783103500,06848

130,698623,2761022500,06932

130,698635,7691013500,07012

130,698648,1425883500,071

130,698660,7551761500,07184

130,698672,7699735500,07264

130,698685,0238718500,07348

130,698697,0386693500,07432

130,698708,9339546500,07516

130,698720,4705504500,076

130,698731,827878500,07684

130,698742,8862722500,07768

130,698753,1078517500,07852

130,698762,5522961500,07936

130,698770,6223508500,0802

130,698777,1970497500,081

130,698781,8000275500,08188

130,698784,4901988500,08272

130,698785,3861574500,08356

130,698785,2667983500,0844

130,698785,0877596500,08524

130,698784,3700745500,08608

130,698784,1910358500,08692

130,698783,4733508500,08776

130,698782,87579500,08856

130,698781,8000275500,0894

130,698781,441185500,09024

130,698779,7081822500,09108

130,698779,0501767500,09192

130,698777,3768535500,09276

130,698776,1212872500,09356

130,698775,0455248500,0944

130,698773,1327182500,09524

130,698771,5183094500,09608

130,698769,9643453500,09692

130,698768,2910221500,09776

130,698766,2580912500,09856

130,698764,8237923500,0994

130,698762,9109856500,10024

130,698761,0579351500,10108

130,698758,9657837500,10192

130,698757,1128097500,10276

130,698755,2000031500,10356

130,698753,5262973500,1044

130,698751,6134906500,10524

130,698749,4017506500,10608

130,698747,5487766500,10692

130,698745,5163813500,10776

130,698743,6633307500,1086

130,698741,631012500,1094

130,698739,6584492500,11024

130,698737,68581500,11108

130,698735,5339026500,11192

130,698733,4418277500,11276

130,698731,4691885500,11356

130,698729,3172811500,1144

130,698727,3447184500,11524

130,698725,3123996500,11608

130,698723,1006595500,11692

130,698720,7694838500,11772

130,698718,4979877500,11856

130,698716,4656689500,1194

130,698714,0746607500,12024

130,698712,0422654500,12108

130,698709,8306018500,12188

130,698707,3200049500,12272

130,698704,8094845500,12356

130,698702,4782323500,1244

130,698699,6687784500,12524

130,698696,5007116500,12608

130,698693,5717456500,12688

ACERO COMPRESIONrea (mm) Esfuerzo (N/mm)Longitud (mm)Deformacin

502,7250500

502,7250,15540305500

502,7250,5905316500,0006

502,7255,15938137500,00176

502,72513,9862748500,00332

502,72526,107713500,005

502,72537,7940226500,0064

502,72549,4492615500,00772

502,72563,2179621500,00904

502,72580,0014919500,0104

502,72599,4579541500,01168

502,725120,903576500,01304

502,725144,400517500,01432

502,725169,202844500,01568

502,725194,999751500,017

502,725221,791238500,01832

502,725249,546173500,01964

502,725277,487692500,02096

502,725306,144115500,02228

502,725334,085434500,0236

502,725362,803919500,02492

502,725391,89537500,02624

502,725420,582824500,02756

502,725449,021632500,02892

502,725476,372569500,03024

502,725502,449252500,0316

502,725526,412253500,03292

502,725548,013327500,03424

502,725566,195435500,03556

502,725579,995226500,03696

502,725589,754637500,03828

502,725598,208563500,03964

502,725606,134169500,04096

502,725613,84216500,04228

502,725621,798797500,0436

502,725629,506788500,04492

502,725637,090457500,04628

502,725644,86051500,04764

502,725652,350888500,04896

502,725659,779203500,05032

502,725667,331841500,05164

502,725674,542543500,053

502,725681,628922500,05436

502,725688,590979500,05568

502,725695,490775500,05704

502,725702,235417500,0584

502,725708,700184500,05976

502,725714,854045500,06108

502,725721,101198500,06244

502,725726,882292500,06376

502,725732,756477500,06512

502,725738,164603500,06644

502,725743,541499500,0678

502,725748,856333500,06912

502,725753,953553500,07044

502,725758,86419500,0718

502,725763,557412500,07312

502,725768,188373500,07444

502,725772,57069500,0758

502,725776,766622500,07716

502,725780,962554500,07848

502,725784,847581500,07984

502,725788,825899500,08116

502,725792,524541500,08248

502,725795,943309500,08384

502,725799,517629500,08516

502,725802,874335500,08652

502,725806,168979500,08784

502,725809,121488500,0892

502,725812,229549500,09052

502,725815,182257500,09184

502,725817,761997500,0932

502,725820,403799500,09452

502,725823,076831500,09584

502,725825,687603500,0972

502,725827,894177500,09852

502,725830,349595500,09984

502,725832,68069500,1012

502,725834,825203500,10252

502,725837,031976500,10384

502,725839,083197500,1052

502,725841,103585500,10652

502,725843,030484500,10784

502,725844,056094500,10852

502,725844,460291500,10884

502,725844,988612500,1092

502,725845,796608500,10984

502,725846,293898500,1102

502,725846,760157500,11052

502,725847,195385500,11088

502,725847,661445500,1112

502,725848,096673500,11152

502,725848,376349500,11184

502,725848,997961500,1122

502,725849,526282500,11252

502,725849,930479500,11284

502,725850,365508500,1132

502,725850,831767500,11352

502,725851,142474500,11384

502,725851,577702500,1142

502,725851,9817500,11452

502,725852,354667500,11484

502,725852,727634500,1152

502,725853,442538500,11552

502,725853,815505500,11588

502,725854,188473500,1162

502,725854,530409500,11652

502,725854,934407500,11688

502,725855,183052500,1172

502,725855,680342500,11752

502,725856,177632500,11784

502,725856,550599500,1182

502,725856,892536500,11852

502,725857,327565500,11884

502,725857,731563500,1192

502,725858,13576500,11952

502,725858,757372500,11988

502,725859,068079500,1202

502,725859,316724500,12056

502,725859,5964500,12088

502,725859,938336500,1212

502,725860,311303500,12156

502,725860,684271500,12188

502,725861,18156500,1222

502,725861,368144500,12256

502,725861,772142500,12288

502,725862,207171500,1232

502,725862,549107500,12352

502,725863,046397500,12388

502,725863,419364500,1242

502,725863,792332500,12456

502,725864,134268500,12488

502,725864,413944500,12524

502,725864,72485500,12556

502,725865,035556500,12588

502,725865,408524500,1262

502,725865,812522500,12652

502,725866,154458500,12688

502,725866,434134500,1272

502,725866,77607500,12756

502,725867,211298500,12788

502,725867,490974500,12824

502,725867,77065500,12856

502,725868,019295500,12888

502,725868,423293500,1292

502,725868,82749500,12956

502,725869,013874500,12988

502,725869,511164500,1302

502,725869,728778500,13052

502,725870,195037500,13088

502,725870,630066500,1312

502,725870,972003500,13152

502,725871,189617500,13188

502,725871,438261500,1322

502,725871,935551500,13252

502,725872,121935500,13288

502,725872,339549500,1332

502,725872,805808500,13352

502,725873,116515500,13388

502,725873,36516500,1342

502,725873,86245500,13452

502,725874,142125500,13488

502,725874,422500,1352

502,725874,763738500,13552

502,725875,105674500,13588

502,725875,354319500,1362

502,725875,665225500,13652

502,725875,975931500,13684

502,725876,379929500,1372

502,725876,784127500,13752

502,725877,032771500,13788

502,725877,312447500,1382

502,725877,654384500,13852

502,725877,871799500,13888

502,725878,151673500,1392

502,725878,46238500,13952

502,725878,804316500,13984

502,725879,052961500,1402

502,725879,45696500,14052

502,725879,674574500,14084

502,725880,047541500,1412

502,725880,451539500,14152

502,725880,886767500,14188

502,725881,04212500,1422

502,725881,384057500,14252

502,725881,632702500,14288

502,725881,850117500,1432

502,725882,223084500,14352

502,725882,565021500,14388

502,725882,658312500,1442

502,725883,000249500,14452

502,725883,279924500,14484

502,725883,652892500,1452

502,725883,901537500,14552

502,725884,243473500,14584

502,725884,523149500,14616

502,725884,865085500,14652

502,725885,300114500,14684

BRONCE TRACCIONArea (mm)Esfuerzo (N/mm)Longitud (mm)Deformacin

131-1,192748092500

131-1,073473282500

131-0,417461832500,00004

1311,490935115500,00048

1311,43129771500,0012

1311,490935115500,002

1311,252385496500,00284

1310,954198473500,00368

1311,133110687500,00452

1311,371660305500,00536

1313,399332061500,00616

1314,770992366500,007

1315,486641221500,0082

1317,275763359500,00864

1318,826335878500,0098

1319,482351145500,01048

13111,80820611500,01124

13112,64312977500,01208

13113,95515267500,01292

13114,55152672500,0138

13115,50572519500,0146

13116,16174046500,01536

13117,35448855500,01632

13118,18941221500,01704

13119,5610687500,018

13120,51526718500,01884

13121,70801527500,01964

13122,96040458500,02048

13123,85496183500,02132

13124,92843511500,02216

13125,52480916500,023

13126,71755725500,02384

13126,89647328500,0246

13126,41937405500,02564

13126,30009924500,0264

13128,32777099500,0272

13129,16269466500,02804

13130,23616794500,02888

13131,30964122500,02972

13133,5758626500,03052

13135,60353435500,03128

13137,75048092500,0322

13139,53960305500,03308

13141,20945038500,03392

13144,01240458500,03484

13145,14551908500,03572

13147,11354962500,03644

13149,02194656500,0374

13150,8110687500,03836

13152,54055725500,03888

13155,04532824500,03984

13157,073500,04072

13159,33922137500,04156

13161,36689313500,04252

13163,21564885500,04344

13165,18368702500,04404

13167,86736641500,045

13169,71612977500,04592

13171,86307634500,0468

13174,54675573500,04736

13177,64793893500,04836

13180,45083969500,04928

13183,19419847500,05024

13185,52007634500,05092

13188,62122137500,0518

13191,24526718500,05276

13194,28671756500,05352

13196,91076336500,05436

131100,6083206500,05512

131104,4847328500,056

131107,5858779500,05708

131109,5538931500,05772

131114,0863359500,05844

131117,3067939500,05932

131120,7061069500,06016

131124,7614504500,06104

131128,101145500,06184

131132,0372519500,06268

131135,7943511500,06352

131139,4322901500,06436

131143,0701527500,0652

131147,1851145500,06604

131150,8229771500,06684

131155,0572519500,06768

131158,8740458500,06852

131162,869771500,06936

131166,6865649500,07016

131170,5629771500,071

131175,0358015500,07184

131178,7332824500,07268

131183,4446565500,07348

131186,9632824500,07432

131191,3167939500,07516

131195,1335878500,076

131199,3082443500,07684

131203,1846565500,07764

131207,3592366500,07848

131211,4145802500,07932

131215,2910687500,08016

131219,3464122500,081

131223,1632061500,08184

131226,98500,08268

131230,4389313500,08348

131234,2557252500,08432

131237,1183206500,08516

131240,8754962500,086

131243,9170229500,08684

131247,0181679500,08764

131249,7614504500,08848

131252,2662595500,08932

131254,7709924500,09016

131256,9775573500,091

131259,1841985500,09184

131260,7943511500,09268

131262,8220611500,09352

131264,0148092500,09432

131265,8635878500,09516

131267,1159542500,096

131268,5472519500,09684

131269,5610687500,09768

131270,9923664500,09848

131271,7676336500,09932

131273,0796947500,10016

131274,1531298500,101

131275,2266412500,10184

131276,1212214500,10264

131276,9561069500,10348

131277,9699237500,10432

131278,9241221500,10516

131279,8783206500,106

131280,5939695500,1068

131281,7867176500,10764

131282,4427481500,10848

131283,0391603500,10932

131283,7548092500,11016

131284,470458500,11112

131285,3053435500,11176

131286,7366412500,1126

131286,8559542500,11348

131287,5119084500,11428

131287,9890076500,11512

131289,1817557500,116

131289,5396183500,11688

131290,4938168500,11756

131291,0305344500,11844

131291,6269466500,11932

131292,5214504500,12016

131292,879313500,12096

131293,8335115500,12184

131293,7141985500,12276

131295,0858779500,12344

131295,2051908500,12428

131295,9208397500,12516

131296,5767939500,12596

131297,4117557500,12676

131297,3521374500,1276

131298,4255725500,12848

131298,9026718500,12928

131299,5587023500,13012

131299,4393893500,131

131300,3935878500,13176

131301,5863359500,1326

131300,870687500,1334

131301,4670992500,13428

131302,1231298500,13512

131302,7194656500,13596

131303,1965649500,13676

131303,1965649500,1376

131304,2700763500,13844

131305,0453435500,13928

131305,701374500,14012

131305,701374500,14096

131306,7748092500,14176

131308,2657252500,1426

131307,609771500,14344

131306,9537405500,14428

131307,2519084500,14512

131307,7290076500,14592

131308,5639695500,14676

131309,0410687500,1476

131309,5777863500,14844

131310,2934351500,14924

131311,0687023500,15008

131311,8439695500,15092

131312,0825191500,15176

131312,2614504500,1526

131312,9174809500,15344

131313,9312977500,15424

131311,9036641500,15512

131312,6789313500,15592

131313,2156489500,15676

131313,5735115500,1576

131314,1698473500,1584

131314,9451145500,15924

131315,5415267500,16008

131316,2571756500,16092

131316,1975573500,16176

131316,9132061500,16256

131317,0920611500,1634

131317,6884733500,16424

131317,5691603500,16508

131318,5233588500,16592

131319,7161069500,16676

131316,8535115500,1676

131317,7480916500,16844

131317,8674046500,16928

ALUMINIOTRACCIONArea (mm) Esfuerzo (N/mm)Longitud (mm)Deformacin

130,6980500

130,6980,215190745507,8125E-06

130,6980,812942815503,28125E-05

130,6982,438828444500,000053125

130,6984,016893908507,34375E-05

130,6985,092847633500,00008125

130,6986,240531607500,000090625

130,6987,436035747509,84375E-05

130,6988,535899555500,0001125

130,6989,61185328500,000121875

130,69810,73562717500,000132813

130,69811,90722123500,00015

130,69813,00708504500,0001625

130,69814,17867909500,00016875

130,69815,15899249500,000185938

130,69816,37840671500,000204687

130,69817,93256209500,0234

130,69819,34325697500,0248

130,69820,92132244500,02624

130,69822,40374757500,02768

130,69823,76662229500,02912

130,69824,93821635500,03056

130,69826,1098104500,03196

130,69827,16185405500,0334

130,69828,40517835500,03484

130,69829,83978332500,03624

130,69831,34611853500,03768

130,69833,11546466500,03912

130,69835,21955194500,04052

130,69837,29972915500,04196

130,69839,59509709500,0434

130,69841,96219529500,04484

130,69844,32929349500,04628

130,69846,86376226500,04772

130,69849,56560162500,04916

130,69852,67391238500,05064

130,69855,80613322500,05208

130,69859,15354481500,05352

130,69862,95524798500,05496

130,69866,82868139500,05644

130,69870,96512571500,05788

130,69875,24503053500,05936

130,69879,62057568500,0608

130,69884,11567124500,0622

130,69888,70640714500,06364

130,69893,39278336500,06504

130,69898,36608058500,06644

130,698103,3632496500,001389063

130,698108,4800839500,001465625

130,698113,7880457500,001548437

130,698119,0961606500,001623438

130,698124,6193515500,001704687

130,698130,2143109500,00178125

130,698136,0483711500,001873437

130,698141,8106627500,001959375

130,698147,7164915500,002045312

130,698153,8135243500,002139062

130,698159,9584538500,002229688

130,698166,294664500,0834

130,698172,6307977500,0848

130,698179,0865201500,08624

130,698185,6139344500,08764

130,698192,1653736500,08904

130,698198,8123766500,09048

130,698205,55502500,09188

130,698212,2498431500,09332

130,698219,135947500,09472

130,698226,069871500,09612

130,698233,003795500,09756

130,698239,9615908500,09896

130,698246,9911552500,10036

130,698254,0924115500,1018

130,698261,1937444500,1032

130,698268,2233087500,1046

130,698275,4441537500,10604

130,698282,6410504500,10744

130,698289,6706912500,10888

130,698296,7241274500,11028

130,698303,5145909500,11172

130,698309,9464414500,11312

130,698311,0463052500,11544

130,698317,0715696500,11608

130,698316,8324687500,11736

130,698317,5497712500,11876

130,698318,1475616500,1202

130,698318,5540712500,1216

130,698318,9605044500,12304

130,698319,5343464500,12444

130,698319,9886762500,12588

130,698320,4907497500,12728

130,698321,1362836500,12868

130,698321,5906135500,13012

130,698322,1644555500,13152

130,698322,6904773500,13292

130,698323,2643193500,13436

130,698323,8621096500,13576

130,698324,3880549500,13716

130,698324,9141532500,1386

130,698325,4640469500,14

130,698325,9900687500,14144

130,698326,5160905500,14284

130,698327,0899325500,14424

130,698327,5442623500,14568

130,698327,9745673500,14708

130,698328,5006657500,14848

130,698329,0027391500,14992

130,698329,4809408500,15132

130,698329,7918101500,15272

130,698330,6046764500,15548

130,698331,0111861500,15688

130,698331,4893877500,15832

130,698331,7763087500,15972

130,698332,2306386500,16112

130,698332,4219192500,16256

130,698332,7805322500,16396

130,698333,1392217500,1654

130,698333,3304259500,16684

130,698333,7129872500,16824

130,698333,7369355500,16968

130,698333,9760364500,17108

130,698334,2629574500,17252

130,698334,4302897500,17392

130,698334,5020582500,17536

130,698334,6933388500,17676

130,698334,7650308500,1782

130,698334,9084913500,1796

130,698334,8846195500,18104

130,698334,6693905500,18244

130,698334,741159500,18388

130,698334,4064178500,18532

130,698334,2868292500,18672

130,698333,8565242500,18816

130,698333,4500145500,1896

130,698332,5653797500,19108

130,698332,3979709500,19236

130,698330,8199054500,19404

130,698330,7960336500,19528

130,698329,815682500,19672

130,698328,6441262500,19812

130,698327,448622500,19952

130,698326,2052977500,20096

130,698324,8423847500,2024

130,698323,4795483500,2038

130,698321,949303500,20524

130,698320,3233408500,20656

130,698318,649635500,20796

130,698316,5216759500,20952

130,698315,087071500,21092

130,698313,3416732500,21236

130,698311,4766102500,21376

130,698309,6355721500,2152

130,698307,8423541500,2166

130,698305,8817273500,21804

130,698304,0167409500,21944

130,698301,9604738500,22088

130,698299,9520268500,22232

130,698297,9435033500,22372

130,698295,9829531500,22512

130,698293,8787893500,22652

130,698291,5595495500,228

130,698289,479334500,2294

130,698287,4709636500,2308

130,698285,2711595500,23224

130,698283,0953802500,23368

130,698280,7761404500,23508

130,698278,3611838500,23652

130,698276,185328500,23792

130,698273,7465761500,23936

130,698271,3316195500,24076

130,698268,9884313500,2422

130,698266,4539626500,24364

130,698264,2302866500,245

130,698261,313333500,24644

130,698258,7788643500,24788

130,698256,0291665500,24932

130,698253,303417500,25072

130,698250,3385668500,25212

130,698247,230256500,25356

130,698243,8828444500,255

130,698241,8983458500,2558

130,698241,7787571500,25588

130,698241,5396563500,25596

130,698241,3961958500,25604

130,698241,0375063500,25616

130,698240,9658143500,25624

130,698240,7984055500,25632

130,698240,3919723500,2564

130,698239,4833892500,25672

130,698239,148648500,2568

130,698239,0051875500,25688

130,698238,7182665500,257

130,698238,1205527500,25708

130,698237,0923809500,25716

130,698236,0163889500,25724

130,698234,3426831500,2574

130,698233,7927895500,25748

130,698233,3862798500,25756

130,698232,9798467500,25764

ALUMINIO COMPRESIONArea (mm) Esfuerzo (N/mm)Longitud (mm)Deformacin

500,740500

500,740,09361146500,00048

500,744,68057275500,00244

500,7411,857451500,00468

500,7422,2171187500,007

500,7433,3568918500,00904

500,7446,7745337500,011

500,7463,2501498500,013

500,7484,3751248500,015

500,74110,180693500,01696

500,74136,017454500,01876

500,74169,40554500,02096

500,74199,735591500,02296

500,74228,81755500,025

500,74256,589048500,027

500,74282,488118500,029

500,74304,954867500,03104

500,74319,651915500,03308

500,74325,455925500,03512

500,74329,699645500,03712

500,74333,225626500,03912

500,74336,533131500,04112

500,74339,684866500,04312

500,74342,711587500,04508

500,74345,738307500,04708

500,74348,671566500,04908

500,74351,604625500,05112

500,74354,413069500,05308

500,74357,190159500,05508

500,74360,06091500,05708

500,74362,713184500,05912

500,74365,396813500,06112

500,74368,080241500,06312

500,74370,826177500,06512

500,74373,540959500,06712

500,74376,006111500,06912

500,74378,627232500,07112

500,74381,154691500,07312

500,74383,588489500,07512

500,74386,053641500,07712

500,74388,487638500,07916

500,74391,015098500,08116

500,74393,32408500,08316

500,74395,570755500,08516

500,74397,879938500,08716

500,74400,157767500,08916

500,74402,373288500,09116

500,74404,526301500,09316

500,74406,648161500,09516

500,74408,832528500,09716

500,74410,767065500,09916

500,74413,044894500,10116

500,74414,885969500,10316

500,74416,820705500,10516

500,74418,786396500,10716

500,74420,627471500,10916

500,74422,530854500,11116

500,74424,37193500,11316

500,74426,119343500,11516

500,74427,991572500,11716

500,74429,676679500,1192

500,74431,299277500,12116

500,74432,984183500,1232

500,74434,794105500,1252

500,74436,260534500,1272

500,74437,914487500,1292

500,74439,41227500,1312

500,74440,972361500,1332

500,74442,407836500,1352

500,74443,874266500,1372

500,74445,496865500,1392

500,74446,901186500,1412

500,74448,305308500,1432

500,74449,771938500,1452

500,74450,988737500,1472

500,74452,393058500,1492

500,74453,828334500,1512

500,74455,107641500,15316

500,74456,449455500,1552

500,74457,791269500,1572

500,74458,852099500,1592

500,74460,381236500,1612

500,74461,47322500,1632

500,74462,78388500,1652

500,74463,938371500,1672

500,74465,405001500,1692

500,74466,528338500,1712

500,74467,589168500,1732

500,74468,837321500,1752

500,74469,960658500,1772

500,74471,021688500,17916

500,74472,269841500,1812

500,74473,299517500,1832

500,74474,672485500,1852

500,74475,546192500,1872

500,74476,888006500,1892

500,74478,136158500,1912

500,74479,29065500,1932

500,74480,60131500,1952

500,74481,693294500,19716

500,74483,315892500,19916

500,74484,43923500,2012

500,74485,656229500,20316

500,74487,185166500,20516

500,74488,93258500,20716

500,74490,617686500,20916

500,74491,896992500,21116

500,74493,363622500,2132

500,74494,923713500,21516

500,74496,515158500,21716

500,74498,356233500,21916

500,74499,916324500,22116

500,74501,445461500,22316

500,74503,161521500,22516

500,74504,815473500,22716

500,74506,656349500,22916

500,74508,372609500,2312

500,74510,088868500,23316

500,74511,89859500,23516

500,74513,490035500,23716

500,74515,175141500,23916

500,74516,922555500,24116

500,74518,607461500,24316

500,74520,261213500,24516

500,74522,071135500,24716

500,74523,568918500,24916

500,74525,316332500,25116

500,74527,063746500,25316

500,74528,592683500,25516

500,74530,184127500,25716

500,74531,869034500,25916

500,74533,585294500,26116

500,74535,145585500,26316

500,74536,799337500,26516

500,74538,609059500,26716

500,74540,169349500,26916

500,74541,885609500,27116

500,74543,4457500,27316

500,74545,349083500,27516

500,74546,722051500,27716

500,74548,313496500,27916

500,74550,029756500,28116

500,74551,621201500,28316

500,74553,337261500,28516

500,74555,022367500,28716

500,74556,613812500,28916

500,74558,23641500,29116

500,74560,014978500,29316

500,74561,699884500,29516

500,74563,447298500,29716

500,74565,163558500,29916

500,74566,723849500,30116

500,74568,315094500,30316

500,74570,031354500,30516

500,74571,71646500,30716

500,74573,401366500,30916

500,74575,367256500,31116

500,74576,86504500,31316

500,74578,456484500,31516

500,74580,453529500,31716

500,74582,138435500,31916

500,74583,948356500,32116

500,74585,789232500,32316

500,74587,567999500,32516

500,74589,377721500,32716

500,74590,938012500,32916

500,74592,747733500,33116

500,74594,245517500,33316

500,74595,868115500,33516

500,74597,553221500,33716

500,74599,019651500,33916

500,74600,673603500,34116

500,74602,358509500,34316

500,74604,074769500,34516

500,74605,728522500,34716

500,74607,569597500,34916

500,74607,569597500,34936

500,74607,819228500,34956

500,74608,037704500,34976

500,74608,224827500,34996

500,74608,443304500,35016

500,74608,568119500,35036

500,74608,786596500,35056

500,74608,942565500,35076

500,74609,06738500,35096

500,74609,254503500,35116

500,74609,317011500,35136

500,74609,660303500,35156

500,74609,87858500,35176

500,74610,097056500,35196

500,74610,346687500,35216

500,74610,409194500,35236

500,74610,409194500,35256

500,74610,596317500,35276

500,74610,689979500,35296

500,74611,064425500,35316

500,74611,126732500,35336

500,74611,282901500,35356

500,74500,35376

500,74500,35396

GRAFICAS

Ilustracin 1. Acero sometido a traccin y compresin

Ilustracin 2. Aluminio a Traccin y Compresin

Ilustracin 3. Acero Y Aluminio en Compresin

Ilustracin 4. Acero y Aluminio a Traccin

Tomando algunos datos del rango de la zona elstica hacemos regresin lineal

Ilustracin 5. Regresin lineal en zona elstica para determinar Coeficiente de Elasticidad del Aluminio

En la ecuacin y= y x= y quitando la parte constante tenemos

Ilustracin 6. Regresin Lineal para hallar Coeficiente de Elasticidad del BronceEn la ecuacin y = y X = y quitando la parte constante

Ilustracin 7. Regresin Lineal para Coeficiente de Elasticidad del AceroY = y x = :

CUADRO COMPARATIVO

OBTENIDOCONSULTADO

BRONCE46,17 GPa105 GPa

ALUMINIO67,494 GPa70 GPa

ACERO135,84 GPa200 GPa

Tabla 1. Coeficientes de Elasticidad Obtenidos Comparados con Consultados

CONCLUSIONES

Se presentaron algunas dificultades con los datos obtenidos con el instrumento de medida del dispositivo mecnico del ensayo ya que los datos proporcionados no coinciden con las propiedades del material. El aluminio es el material ms dctil de todos, esto se puede verificar por el corte obtenido en la ruptura y por la grfica esfuerzo - deformacin que muestra que fue el que tuvo mayor elongacin antes de la ruptura. El material ms frgil fue el acero esto podemos observar por el corte obtenido a 90 grados del eje longitudinal as como por su mnima deformacin por unidad de longitud, antes de la fractura por traccin. El material con menores cualidades mecnicas fue el bronce ya que se someti a menores cargas antes de su ruptura. En las pruebas de compresin no se lleg a la ruptura ya que la carga necesaria para realizarla es superior a la suministrada por la mquina, en ninguna de las probetas se alcanz este lmite. La deformacin a compresin en la probeta de acero fue mucho menor a la deformacin de la probeta de aluminio esto demuestra la resistencia bastante superior del acero. La deformacin del aluminio a pesar de no llegar a la ruptura en compresin, evidencio la posible forma como pudo haberse fracturado esa probeta, es decir a 45 aproximadamente del eje longitudinal. El valor del coeficiente de elasticidad del aluminio fue muy aproxima do al registrado en tablas. Este dato obtenido fue apoyado por el instrumento de mayor precisin.