LARGOS SUPERVIVIENTES EN CÁNCER DE PULMÓN AVANZADO · • CITOLOGÍA LÍQUIDO PLEURAL: NEGATIVA....
Transcript of LARGOS SUPERVIVIENTES EN CÁNCER DE PULMÓN AVANZADO · • CITOLOGÍA LÍQUIDO PLEURAL: NEGATIVA....
LARGOS SUPERVIVIENTES EN CÁNCER DE PULMÓN AVANZADO
Rosario García‐CampeloServicio de Oncología Médica
Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña
CONOZCA A SU AUDIENCIA…
¿EXISTE EL LARGO SUPERVIVIENTE CUÁNDO HABLAMOS DE CÁNCER DE PULMÓN AVANZADO?
1-Sí, sin duda2-No3-Lo dudo4-¿Qué es un LS en CNMP avanzado?
¿Cómo se define el Largo Superviviente en Cáncer de pulmón avanzado?
1. El paciente que supera los 5 años desde el dx inicial de CP avanzado
2. El paciente que supera los 2 años desde el dx inicial de CP avanzado
3. El paciente que supera los 10 años desde el dx de CP avanzado
4. El paciente que supera el año desde el dx de CP avanzado
Damme VV et al. Lung Cancer 2013
Patients at risk
Erlotinib (n=86)
Chemotherapy (n=87)
20∙8 22∙9
A SURVIVAL WITHOUT PRECEDENTS
Rosell et al. ESMO 2012
2 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE 50%
Non Squamous ALK UKN Pemetrexed vs docetaxelFrom Hanna JCO 2004; Scagliotti The Oncologist, 2009
Prob
abili
ty o
f sur
viva
l (%
)
100
80
60
40
20
00 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (months)
Overall survivalCrizotinib
(n=173)
PEM/DOCa
(n=174)
Events, n (%) 49 (28) 47 (27)
Median, mo 20.3 22.8
HR (95% CI) 1.02 (0.68 to 1.54)b
P 0.539
Impressive median OS of 22 months in the 2nd line setting +++
Soria JC. ESMO 2012Shaw A et al. Lancet Oncol 2011
2 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE 55%
Overall survival in patients with advanced stage (IIIB/IV) disease
Arcila et al. CCR 2012
19 M21 M25 M14 M30 M
CHUAC 2012Lung Adenocarcinoma Molecular testing
Doublet regimens in 1st‐Line AdvancedNSCLC: ECOG1594
Schiller J, N Engl J Med 2002
2 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE 11%
Cis/Pem vs. Cis/Gem in First‐Line NSCLC:Overall Survival in Adenocarcinoma or Large Cell
Overall Survival Time (months) in Non‐Squamous Patients0 6 12 18 24 30
Overall SurvivalProb
ability
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Cis/Pem (N=512) 11.8 mos (10.4, 13.2)
Cis/Gem (N=488) 10.4 mos (9.6, 11.2)
OS Adjusted HR (95% CI)
OS Median (95% CI)
Cis/Pem statistically superior OS vs. Cis/GemCis/Pem vs. Cis/Gem 0.81(0.70‐0.94)
Scagliotti, G. V. et al. J Clin Oncol; 26:3543-3551 2008
2 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE 18.9%
“New Positive” Maintenance Treatment PhaseIII Trials
SATURNStudy
IFCT‐GFPC 0502 Study
INFORM Study
ECOG 4599Study
AVAiLStudy
ATLASStudy
FLEXStudy
JMENStudy
PARAMOUNTStudy
AVAPERLStudy
Mantei‐nance Agents
Erlotinibvs
Placebo
Erlotinibvs
Gemcitabinevs
Observation
Gefitinibvs
Placebo
Bevacizumabvs
Observation
Bevacizumabvs
Placebo
Bevacizumab + Erlotinib
vs Bevacizumab +
Placebo
Cetuximabvs
Observation
Pemetrexedvs
Placebo
Pemetrexedvs
Placebo
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed
vsBevacizumab
Timing of Therapy
Switch SwitchContinuation Switch Continuation Continuation Continuation and
Switch Continuation Switch Continuation Continuation
PrimaryEndpoint PFS PFS PFS OS PFS PFS OS PFS PFS PFS
PFSHR
0.71 0.69/0.56 0.42 0.66 0.75/0.86 0.72 0.94 0.44 (non‐squamous) 0.60 0.48
OSHR
0.81 0.87/0.89 0.84 0.79 0.93/1.03 0.90 0.87 0.70 (non‐squamous) 0.78 0.75
ErlotinibBevacizumabPemetrexed
2 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE From 23% to 28%
PARAMOUNT: Final OS from Randomization
Patients at RiskPem + BSC 359 333 272 235 200 166 138 105 79 43 15 2 0Placebo + BSC 180 169 131 103 78 65 49 35 23 12 8 3 0
Time from Randomization (Months)0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
Surv
ival
Pro
babi
lity
1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10.0
Pem Placebo
OS Median (mo)(95% CI)
13.9(12.8-16.0)
11.0(10.0-12.5)
Censoring (%) 28.7 21.7Survival Rate (%) (95% CI)
1-year 58 (53-63) 45 (38-53)2-year 32 (27-37) 21 (15-28)2 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE 32%
1 out of 3 patients are alive after 2 years for pemetrexed arm
1 out of 5 patients are alive after 2 years in placebo arm
CAN WE IDENTIFY THESE LONG‐TERM SURVIVORS PATIENTS BEFORE STARTING
ANY TREATMENT?
Early identification of long‐term survivors amongpatients with advanced NSCLC is an important
issue as treatment options may change…
Goldstraw et al. JTO 2007 Postmus et al. JTO 2007
Prognostic factors Tumor-related Host-relatedEssential Stage Performance status
Weight loss
Brundage et al. Chest 2002
SIMPLIFIED COMORBIDITY SCORE (SCS)
Colinet. Br J Cancer 2005; 93: 1098-1105
WE MAY NEED MORE…
CLINICAL FACTORS PREDICTIVE OF LONG‐TERM SURVIVAL IN ADVANCED NSCLC
Van Damme V et al. Lung Cancer 2013
OS is 53 months, with 47% of them still alive 5 years after diagnosis.
245 advanced NSCLC. 15.9% LTS
① PS 0‐1 at the first progression of the tumor②Normal LDH levels at diagnosis③ TTP > 3 months④Number of chemotherapy agents received⑤Use of maintenance therapy⑥ Surgical resection (median survival 3.8 y)
Giroux Leprieur et al. Respirology 2012
OS RELIES ON ALL THERAPEUTIC LINES…
Soria J C et al. Ann Oncol 2010;21:2324-2332
6% of patients were considered for third line therapy in 1990s vs 28.9% in 2009
PFS WITH EGFR AVAILABLE TKIsPhase III trials
Survival EGFR mutThe effect of TKIs is additive to that of chemotherapy
Study Survival
EURTAC 22.9 vs 10.8 HR 0.93
OPTIMAL 22 vs 28 HR 1.04
NEJ 002 27.7 vs 26.6 HR 0.89
WJTOG 3405 36 vs 39 HR 1.19
IPASS 21.6 vs 21.9 HR 1.00
Induction Maintenance(to PD)
OS from induction (months) HR
AVAPERLCis/pem/bev(7.5mg/kg) x4
®Bev 7.5mg/kg/pem
Bev 7.5mg/kg
NR
15.7m0.75
PARAMOUNT Cis/pem x4 ®Pem
placebo
16.9m
11m0.78
JMEN Platinumdoublet x 4
® Pem
Placebo
13.4m
10.6m0.79
E4599 ®Carbo/pac + bev(15mg/kg) x6 Bev 15mg/kg 12.3m 0.79
Carbo/pac x6 BSC 10.3m
SATURN Platinumdoublet x4
® Erlotinib
placebo
12m
11m0.81
MODERN PHASE III MAINTENANCE TRIALS
LOCAL THERAPIESImportance of local control in the era of systemic therapy
DO THEY HAVE A ROLE IN ADVANCED NSCLC PATIENTS?
OF COURSE IT HAS:SOLITARY ADRENAL AND BRAIN METS
Albain et al. JCO 1991
multiple sitesSolitary
7%
93%
What about different situations?
Rationalo Local therapies including surgery, radiation or radiofrequency
ablation are stablished treatment strategies in certain cancer includingrenal cell carcinoma, sarcoma or colorectal cancer
Ideal candidateo Widespread use of more sensitive staging sutdies, such as PET‐CT hase
led to a growing incidence of “oligometastatic disease”o Patient with oligometastatic disease where the primary tumor is
controlled and local therapy may render the patient free of disease
Prognostic factor for selection of patients formetastasectomyo Slower growing disease
Novel therapeutic otions: efficacy and safety
Radiotherapy in advanced NSCLC: FUTURE or PRESENT
IMAGEN
IMRT SBRT
IGRT
RARTCourtesy of Dr Gomez
Cortesía Dr Gonzalez Rivas
Patel PR et al. Pulmonary Med 2012
Oligo‐recurrencein molecularly defined
NSCLC patients
Acquisition vs selection of T790M during the course of treatment with EGFR TKIs
Costa et al. Clin Lung Cancer 2010
Selection model
•Explained by existence ofminor clones before EGFR TKItreatment
•Shorter PFS in patients withEGFR mutations having a verysmall amount of T790Mbefore EGFR TKI treatment
Yu HA et al. JTO 2013
Yu HA et al. JTO 2013
A suggested approach to management of patientswith acquired resistance to EGFR TKI therapies
Yu HA et al. JTO 2013
Weickhardt A et al. JTO 2012
Suggested criteria for considering local ablativetherapy of oligoprogressive disease and treatment
1. ALK positive of EGFR‐mutant metastatic NSCLC2. Relevant TKI (crizotinib, erlotinib, gefitinib) well
tolerated3. Oligoprogressive disease on TKI therapy, defined as CNS progression without leptomeningeal diseaseamenable to WBRT, SRS, or surgical resection
Progression in < 4 extra‐CNS sites amenable to SBRT, XRT or surgical resection
Weickhardt A et al. JTO 2012
Is this a therapeutic option just formolecularly defined advanced NSCLC
patients?
Tailored systemic chemotherapy mayfurther improve the control of subclinicaldisease and induce an oligometastatic
state
SÓLO UN EJEMPLO…
Varón de 68 años, ex‐fumador 15 años evolución (consumo acumulado: 60 paq/año)
IAM inferior en 1994
Taquicardia ventricular monomorfa en año 2000: Ablación circuito TV
Tos y expectoración hemoptoica de 7 meses de evolución.
Astenia y anorexia con pérdida de peso de 3 kg asociada
Lesión sólida de 6 x 5 cm de diámetro en LII, que engloba el bronquio del lóbulo pulmonar inferior,produciendo colapso de dicho lóbulo con probable infiltración de vena pulmonar inferior.Adenopatías de tamaño superior a 3 cm, algunas de ellas extensamente necrosadas, en región prevascular,pretraqueal, paratraqueales derechas, y subcarinales.Metástasis de 6 cm de diámetro en ala sacra izquierda.
Respuesta parcial tras 4 ciclos de QT basada en cisplatino‐pemetrexed
¿Y ahora qué?
1‐ Stop 1ª línea de QT y seguimiento periódico2‐Mantenimiento con Pemetrexed3‐Mantenimiento con Erlotinib4‐ Plantear tratamiento radical (Cirugía, Radioterapia...)
Respuesta parcial tras 4 ciclos de QT basada en cisplatino‐pemetrexed
¿Y ahora qué?
1‐ Stop 1ª línea de QT y seguimiento periódico2‐Mantenimiento con Pemetrexed3‐Mantenimiento con Erlotinib4‐ Plantear tratamiento radical (cirugía, Radioterapia...)
3 meses después PE masa pulmonar izda, manteniendo respuesta en resto de lesiones
ECOG 1‐2, EML4‐ALK –2ª línea con erlotinib…mala tolerancia
3ª línea Taxol: 10 ciclosRespuesta parcial
Neurotoxicidad gr 2‐3
PET‐TAC tras 10 ciclos de Taxol: Foco pulmonar único de 1,7 cm y SUVmax 5 en LII. No otros focos patológicos
• COMITÉ TUMORES VATS izquierda, incisión única: Resección atípica lesión en LII
• ADENOCARCINOMA DE PULMÓN POBREMENTE DIFERENCIADO DE 2 CM. BORDES LIBRES. Grado IIA clasificación de Junkers de respuesta a QT
• BIOPSIA PLEURAL: NEGATIVA• CITOLOGÍA LÍQUIDO PLEURAL: NEGATIVA
Adenocarcinoma de pulmón estadio IVEGFR WT, EML4‐ALK negativo
EN SEGUIMIENTO 45 MESES DESPUÉS DEL DIAGNÓSTICO INICIAL
Some notes to conclude…
In appropriately selected patients, aggressivetreatment of oligometastatic disease may lead tomeaningful improvements in overall and PFS.
Novel targeted agents and novel chemotherapyoptions may increase the opportunities for theselocal therapeutic approaches
Systematic study of new approaches andintegration of all available therapeutic modalitiesin the management of this humbling disease.
There is room for Local Therapiesin advanced NSCLC...