Slide 1

Leccin 5: Gramtica 1.Estar + gerundio 2.Usos de SER y ESTAR 3.Verbos que cambian en la raz: e : ie 4.Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres 5.Pronombres usados como complemento de preposicin Slide 2 Estar + gerundio (1) The present progressive describes an action that is in progress. It is formed with the present tense of estar and the gerundio (equivalent to the English ing form) of the verb. Study the formation of the gerundio in the following chart. Infinitive hablar comer escribir Gerundio habl- ando com- iendo escrib- iendo Slide 3 Estar + gerundio (2) Ejemplos: Yo estoy comiendo.I am eating. - Ests estudiando?Are you studying? - No, estoy escribiendo.No, I am writing. Slide 4 Estar + gerundio (3) The following forms are irregular. Note the change in their stems. Pedir pidiendo asking for Decir diciendo saying Servir sirviendo serving Dormir durmiendo sleeping Traer trayendo bringing Leer leyendo reading Note also that the i of -iendo becomes y between vowels. Slide 5 Estar + gerundio (4) Ejemplos: Qu estn haciendo las chicas? What are the girls doing? Ana est leyendo y Eva est durmiendo. Ana is reading and Eva is sleeping. Some verbs, such as ser, estar, ir, and venir, are rarely used in the progressive construction. Slide 6 Usos de SER y ESTAR (1) The English verb to be has two Spanish equivalents, ser and estar, which have distinct uses and are not interchangeable. Slide 7 Usos de SER y ESTAR (2) Uses of ser 1. It describes the basic nature or inherent characteristics of a person or thing. It is also used with expressions of age that do not refer to a specific number of years. Anita es tmida.Anita is shy. Estela es joven.Estela is young. Slide 8 Usos de SER y ESTAR (3) 2. It is used with de to indicate origin and with adjectives denoting nationality. Carmen es cubana; es de La Habana. Carmen is Cuban; she is from Havana. Slide 9 Usos de SER y ESTAR (4) 3. It is used to identify professions and jobs. Yo soy profesor de francs. I am a French professor. Slide 10 Usos de SER y ESTAR (5) 4. With de, it is used to indicate possession or relationship. El vaso es de Ana. The glass is Anas Ellas son las hermanas de Javier. They are Javiers sisters. Slide 11 Usos de SER y ESTAR (6) 5. With de, it describes the material that things are made of. El telfono es de plstico. The telephone is (made of) plastic. La mesa es de metal. The table is (made of) metal. Slide 12 Usos de SER y ESTAR (7) 6. It is used with expressions of time and with dates. Son las cuatro y media. It is four-thirty. Hoy es jueves, primero de julio. Today is Thursday, July first. Slide 13 Usos de SER y ESTAR (8) 7. It is used with events as the equivalent of taking place. La fiesta es en mi casa. The party is (taking place) at my house. Slide 14 Usos de SER y ESTAR (9) Uses of estar Estar is used to express more transitory qualities than ser and often implies the possibility of change. Slide 15 Usos de SER y ESTAR (10) 1. It indicates place or location. - Ana est en casa. Ana is at home. Slide 16 Usos de SER y ESTAR (11) 2. It indicates a condition, often the result of an action, at a given moment in time. - l est cansado. Hes tired. - La puerta est cerrada. The door is closed. Slide 17 Usos de SER y ESTAR (12) 3. With personal reactions, it describes what is perceived through sensesthat ishow a subject tastes, feels, looks, or seems. - Ests muy bonita hoy! You look very pretty today! - La sopa est muy sabrosa. The soup is very tasty. Slide 18 Usos de SER y ESTAR (13) 4. In present progressive constructions, it describes an action in progress. - Estoy desayunando. I am having breakfast. Slide 19 Verbos que cambian en la raz: e : ie (1) As you have already seen, Spanish verbs have two parts: a stem and an ending (-ar, -er, or -ir). Some Spanish verbs undergo a change in the stem in the present indicative tense. When e is the last stem vowel and it is stressed, it changes to ie as shown in the following chart. Slide 20 Verbos que cambian en la raz: e : ie (2) Note that the stem vowel is not stressed in the verb forms used with nosotros(as) and vosotros(as); therefore, the e does not change to ie. Slide 21 Verbos que cambian en la raz: e : ie (3) Other verbs that also change from e to ie are: cerrar (to close) comenzar empezarentender (to understand) pensar (to think)querer Slide 22 Verbos que cambian en la raz: e : ie (4) Quieres bistec? Do you want steak? No, prefiero pollo. No, I prefer chicken. A qu hora comienzan Uds. a trabajar? At what time do you begin to work? Comenzamos a las diez. We begin at ten. Slide 23 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (1) Comparisons of inequality In Spanish, the comparative of inequality of most adjectives, adverbs, and nouns is formed by placing ms (more) or menos (less) before the adjective, the adverb, or the noun and que (than) after it. Slide 24 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (2) Slide 25 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (3) T eres ms alta que Ana? Are you taller than Ana? S, ella es mucho ms baja que yo. Yes, she is much shorter than I. Slide 26 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (4) De is used instead of que before a numerical expression of quantity or amount. - Luis tiene ms de treinta aos. Luis is over thirty years old. - Hay menos de veinte estudiantes aqu. There are fewer than twenty students here. Slide 27 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (5) Comparisons of equality To form comparisons of equality with adjectives, adverbs, and nouns in Spanish, use the adjectives tanto, -a, -os, as, or the adverb tan como. Slide 28 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (6) Slide 29 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (7) - Tu hermana habla bien el espaol? Does your sister speak Spanish well? - S, habla espaol tan bien como nosotros. Yes, she speaks Spanish as well as we do. Slide 30 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (8) T das muchas fiestas. You give many parties. S, pero no doy tantas fiestas como Uds. Yes, but I dont give as many parties as you do. Slide 31 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (9) The superlative The superlative construction is similar to the comparative. It is formed by placing the definite article before the person or thing being compared. Slide 32 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (10) Slide 33 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (11) Quin es el estudiante ms inteligente de la clase? Who is the most intelligent student in the class? Mario es el ms inteligente de todos. Mario is the most intelligent of all. Note that the Spanish de translates to the English in or of after a superlative. Slide 34 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (12) Irregular comparative forms The following adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms in Spanish. Slide 35 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (13) When the adjectives grande and pequeo refer to size, the regular comparative forms are generally used. Tu clase es ms grande que la de Antonio. Your class is bigger than Antonios. Slide 36 Comparativo y superlativo de adjetivos, adverbios y nombres (14) When these adjectives refer to age, the irregular comparative forms mayor and menor are used. Felipe es mayor que t? Is Felipe older than you? No, es menor que yo. No, hes younger than I (am). Slide 37 Pronombres usados como complemento de preposicin (1) The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that immediately follows it. La fiesta es para Mara (ella). Ellos van con nosotros. Slide 38 Pronombres usados como complemento de preposicin (2) Only the first- and second-persons singular, m and ti, are different from regular subject pronouns. When used with the preposition con, m and ti become conmigo and contigo, respectively. The other forms do not combine: con l, con ella, con ustedes, and so on. Slide 39 Pronombres usados como complemento de preposicin (3) El caf es para m? Is the coffee for me? No, no es para ti; es para l. No, its not for you; its for him. Slide 40 Pronombres usados como complemento de preposicin (4) - Vas a la fiesta conmigo? Are you going with me to the party? - No, no voy contigo; voy con ellos. No, Im not going with you; Im going with them. Slide 41 Pronombres usados como complemento de preposicin (5)