Lecture Presentation RM 1&2

8/2/2019 Lecture Presentation RM 1&2

1/17

Research Methodology

Course InstructorDr.SivaAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Electrical

Engineering

Lecture 1 & 2


2/17

Man coming to grips with his environment and tounderstand the nature through experience, reasoningand research

1. Experience Knowledge or skill gained through involvement,

exposure and observation of some thing or some eventPersonal experience, i.e., body of knowledge and

skills derived from encounters and acquaintance withfacts and events in his environment

Experience of others (immediate circle)Sources beyond immediate circle, i.e., authoritativesources

2. Reasoning Reasoning is the cognitive process of looking forreasons, beliefs, conclusions, actions or feelings

BACKGROUND
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge


3/17

What is Research?

The word research derives from the Frenchrecherche and Its literal meaning is :

Systematic process of collecting and analyzinginformation (data) in order to discover new knowledge or

expand and verify the existing one (e.g. theory - law)

To do so, it requires a ..

Scientific Method


4/17


5/17


6/17


7/17

Applied Research aims at finding a solution for animmediate problem facing a society or an industrial / business organizations. The major aim of appliedresearch is to discover a solution for some pressingpractical problem

Fundamental (Basic or Pure) research is mainlyconcerned with generalizations and with theformulation of a theory. Basic research is directedtowards finding information that has a broad base ofapplications (thus adds to the already existingorganized body of scientific knowledge). Gathering knowledge for knowledges sake is termed pure or basic research . Eg.: Research concerning somenatural phenomenon, Pure Mathematics, Studies

concerning human behaviour carried on with a viewto make eneralisations about human behaviour

2. Applied Vs Fundamental


8/17

Quantitative Research is based on themeasurement of quantity or amount. It is applicableto phenomena that can be expressed in terms ofquantity

Qualitative Research is concerned with qualitativephenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to orinvolving quality or kind. Eg.: Research on humanbehaviour (why people think or do certain things),

Research on leaf colour

3. Quantitative Vs Qualitative


9/17

Conceptual Research is that related to someabstract idea for theory. It is generally used byphilosophers and thinkers to develop new conceptsor to reinterpret existing ones

Empirical Research relies on experience orobservation alone, often without due regard forsystem or theory. It is data-based research, comingup with conclusions which are capable of being

verified by observation or experiment. It is alsocalled as experimental type of research

4. Conceptual Vs Empirical


10/17

5. One Time Vs LongitudinalIn One Time Research, the research is confined toa single time periodIn Longitudinal Research, the research is carriedon over several time periods

6. Research can be Field-setting Research orLaboratory Research or Simulation Research ,depending upon the environment in which it is to becarried out

7. Clinical or Diagnostic Research Clinical or Diagnostic research follow case-study

methods or indepth approaches to reach the basiccasual relations

8. Historical Research : Research which utilizeshistorical sources like documents, remains etc. tostudy events or ideas of the past


11/17

SYSTEMATIC - Reject the use of guessing &intuition, but does not rule out creative thinking

CONTROLLED - Variables are identified &controlled, wherever possible

LOGICAL - Guided by rules of logical reasoning& logical process of induction & deduction

EMPIRICAL- Provides a basis for external

validity to results (validation) REPLICABLE - Verified by replicating the study

SELF CORRECTING - Built in mechanism &open to public scrutiny by fellow professionals

QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH


12/17


13/17

iii) Hypotheses

It is a proposed explanation for an observablephenomenon. It also refers to tentative

assumption made in order to draw out and testits logical and empirical consequences. It isparticularly important since they provide thefocal point for research. Hypothesis should be

very specific and limited to the piece ofresearch because it has to be tested

iv) ExperimentationIt is also used to test existing theories or newhypotheses in order to support them or disprovethem. An experiment or test can be carried outusing the scientific method to answer aquestion or investigate a problem


14/17

For a clear perception of the term research, one

should know the meaning of scientific method.The two terms, research and scientific method,are closely related. The terms, research methodand research technique, are combined to givethe name scientific method

Scientific Method is defined as, Pursuit of truth as determined by logical

considerations The ideal of science is to achieve a systematic

interrelation of facts Scientific Method attempts to achieve this idealby experimentation, observation and logicalarguments from accepted postulates(combination of these three in varying

proportions)

RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD


15/17

A science of studying how research is donescientifically

A way to systematically solve the researchproblem by logically adopting various steps

Methodology helps to understand not only theproducts of scientific inquiry but the processitself

Aims to describe and analyze methods, throwlight on their limitations and resources, clarifytheir presuppositions and consequences,relating their potentialities to the twilight zone at

the frontiers of knowledge

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


16/17

Advancement of wealth of human knowledge Tools of the trade to carry out research; Provides toolsto look at things in life objectively

Develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplinedthinking or a bent of mind to observe objectively(scientific deduction & inductive thinking); Skills ofresearch will pay-off in long term particularly in the age

of information Enriches practitioner and his practices; Provides chance tostudy a subject in depth; Enable us to make intelligentdecisions; Understand the material which no other kind ofwork can match

As consumers of research output helps to inculcate theability to evaluate and use results of earlier research withreasonable confidence and take rational decisions

Doing research is the best way to learn to read and thinkcritically

Additional benefits in case of librarianship i.e., Helps tolearn how to use libraries & other information resources

Enables critical evaluation of literature

Develops special interests & skills

BENEFITS OF RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY


17/17

Questions?

Lecture Presentation RM 1&2

Documents

Transcript of Lecture Presentation RM 1&2