Lorenzo Peña: Segunda o tercera República

7/28/2019 Lorenzo Pea: Segunda o tercera Repblica

1/11

LRXGG VIJGottp://www.lrij.ird

Rldu`mg i ]lrblrg Vlpfakbg9 pir Airl`zi Xlg

@ 72 Clfrlri 6884. Xds. la `klti ml Ksgfla KK sgal pgrg la lxkaki, biei ai okbklrgsu gfulag 32 gis g`tls.

Ag rlviaubk` ls gpiygmg pir gepaskeis slbtirls sibkgals: ag slbu`mg` ag kèl`sgegyirg ml ag bagsl ifrlrg urfg`g y ml ais jir`galris mla bgepi gs biei lìrelseubolmuefrls ml ags bagsls elmkgs y ogstg ì pibis brbuais furdulsls. L` bi`trg lst`: aggrkstibrgbkg, ag iakdgrqug ck`g`bklrg, ag jlrgrqug ml ag Kdalskg (y, l` pis ml laag, u`g drg` egsg

ml bgtakbis), ag egyir pgrtl mla ljrbkti, ags oulstls mla bgraksei (y ag rgeg mlsdgjgmg ml lsleksei rfia, la `gbki`gaksei vgsbi gu`qul g stl `k al vg `k al vkl`l qul Lspgg slg u`gei`grqug i u`g rlpfakbg).

L` sldukmg sl leplzgr` g k`birpirgr g ais gmvlrsgrkis mla rdkel` rlpufakbgì gqulaaisbrbuais pgtri`gals qul oufklrg` mlslgmi u`g rlpfakbg bi`slrvgmirg, qul eg`tuvklrg ailsl`bkga mla rdkel` mlrribgmi> lstgfg` rlprlsl`tgmis pir Jis Irtldg y Dgsslt, DrldirkiEgrg`, Vge` Xrlz ml Gygag, Gzir` y itris lsbrktirls ml pgrlbkmg irkl`tgbk`.

Ags mis tl`ml`bkgs ml ag lxtrleg kzquklrmg tgefk` sl ipusklri` splrgel`tl g agrlpfakbg> lsgs mis tl`ml`bkgs lrg` mlskdugals: u`g egskvg, ag g`grbi-sk`mkbgakstg> ag itrglxkdug, elrgel`tl tlstkei kga, ag bieu`kstg> y l`trl gefgs u` pugmkbi ml kausis, agipiskbk` bieu`kstg ml skepgtgs tritsqukstgs.

G ais g`grbisk`mkbgakstgs als rlsuatgfg k`mkclrl tl y lrg, g su jukbki, krrlalvg tl qul laLstgmi culrg rlpufakbgì i ei`rqukbi: ai qul ogfg qul ogblr lrg mlstrukr la Lstgmi, pgrg


2/11

LRXGG VIJG. @ 72. Clfrlri ml 6884. ottp://lrij.ird


3/11

Rldu`mg i ]lrblrg Vlpfakbg9 pir Airl`zi Xlg. 1ottp://www.lrij.ird0 g`tls ml lsg clbog mumi qul ogyg lsbrktis suyis qul prlckdurl`lsgs kmlgs g`grqukzg`tls y qukerkbgs). Rl prieuad u`g ùlvg Bi`stktubk`. Rl rlstgfalbkla sucrgdki u`kvlrsga, slbrlti l kduga. Ais sivklts i bi`bljis pgsgri` g slr elris rdgìs mlrlprlsl`tgbk` y difklrì, y ì gsgefalgs ml ag pifagbk` (gu`qul ls prifaletkbi l` qu

elmkmg ai ogfg` skmi g`tls, pir ag ifvkg rgz` ml kepiskfkakmgm cskbg). Rk` rlstgfalblrsl agpaurgakmgm ml pgrtkmis piatkbis (sk fkl` stg tgepibi sl priokfg l` lsg aly cu`mgel`tga, `kl` `k`du`g itrg), sl k`stktubki`gakzgfg u` skstleg pgragel`tgrki baskbi (k`baukmg ag mkvksk`ml pimlrls aldksagtkvi, ljlbutkvi y jumkbkga).

L` rlgakmgm, ag bi`stktubk` sivktkbg ml 7;23 ls u` pgrgmkdeg ml ai qul ais bieu`kstgsogfg` aagegmi ogstg l`ti`bls rlpfakbg mleibrtkbi-furdulsg, y bi`brltgel`tl u`g ml`mial pgragel`tgrkg, bi` bugtri pgrtkbuagrkmgmls:7) la rlbiìbkekl`ti ml ais mlrlbois ml fkl`lstgr (qul ogstg 7;=3 sldukr` gusl`tls ml timgs

ags mles bi`stktubki`ls mla eu`mi, sgavi gaduìs rlbiìbkmis pir ag elxkbg`g ml 7;74,pir ag lspgiag ml 7;27, pir ag galeg`g ml Tlkegr ^7;7;U y pir ag krag`mlsg ^7;24U)>

6) ag k`stktubki`gakzgbk` mla pgrtkmi bieu`kstg biei u`g l`tkmgm gsibkgtkvg rlvlstkmg ml u`g

cu`bk` pfakbg (ai buga vl`g g slr k`bausi u`g ìvlmgm l` ag ìregtkvg bi`stktubki`gasivktkbg)>2) ag rlvibgfkakmgm ml ais eg`mgtgrkis g k`kbkgtkvg ml u` èlri ml lalbtirls mlsbi`tl`tis

ml su dlstk` (ai buga vl`g g itirdgr g su rlprlsl`tgbk` u` bklrti bgrbtlr ml eg`mgtikeplrgtkvi)>

=) ag bialdkgakmgm ml ag jlcgturg mla lstgmi (mlsleplgmg bialbtkvgel`tl pir la prlskmkue mlasivklt suprlei) sk fkl` lstl atkei rgsdi ai biepgrtg tgefk` ag rlpfakbg olavtkbg.Mlsml mkbklefrl ml 7;23, la eimlai piatkbi ickbkga mla bieu`ksei rusi lrg, gs, la ml u`g

rlpfakbg mleibrtkbg pgragel`tgrkg usuga bi` u` bi`tl`kmi sibkga (bi` ag rlstrkbbk` ml qulì sl kepalel`t `k`du`g rlduagbk` paurk-pgrtkmkstg).

Mlspus ml ag sldu`mg dulrrg eu`mkga, lsis ekseis lsqulegs ml rlpfakbg pgragel`tgrkgsl gpakbgr`, bi` vgrkgbki`ls, g ag ìregtkvg bi`stktubki`ga ml ags ùlvgs mleibrgbkgs


4/11

LRXGG VIJG. @ 72. Clfrlri ml 6884. ottp://lrij.ird 38

pipuagrls mla Luripg irkl`tga (g vlbls bi` ag k`trimubbk` ml u` paurk-pgrtkmksei rldkel`tgmi,biei l` Xiai`kg y ag Vlpfakbg mleibrtkbg galeg`g). @i sl viavk g ogfagr yg pgrg `gmgml ag mlstrubbk` ml ag vkljg equk`g lstgtga (gu`qul ag dulrrg crlbul`tlel`tl ag ogfg mljgmi

euy egatrlbog).L` sueg, la eivkekl`ti bieu`kstg k`tlr`gbki`ga ogfg gsuekmi la eimlai pgragel`tgrkiogstg l`ti`bls tkamgmi ml mleibrtkbi-furdus, bi` u`gs pgrtkbuagrkmgmls yg elìs egrbgmgsbug`mi tgefk` ags bi`stktubki`ls ibbkml`tgals leplzgri` g rlbiìblr ais mlrlbois mlfkl`lstgr (bi`stktubki`ls crg`blsg l ktgakg`g ml 7;=3 y 7;=4, rlsplbtkvgel`tl, y auldi, pibig pibi, ags mles> oiy lst` ga elìs pgrbkgael`tl rlbiìbkmis l` bgsk timi la eu`mi,gu`qul lvkml`tlel`tl ì l` Grgfkg sgumktg, Ksrgla y ais Lstgmis \`kmis).

Lscuefg`sl gs ais rlpgris bi`trg u` eimlai piatkbi-jurmkbi biei la ml ag bi`stktubk`lspgiag ml 7;27. Lsg lstrubturg jurmkbi-bi`stktubki`ga ì keplmg, sk` lefgrdi, agpribagegbk` gxkiadkbg mla Lstgmi biei u` pimlr ml trgfgjgmirls: kduga qul ag Bi`stktubk`lspgiag ml 7;27 mlck`g ga Lstgmi pir laag k`stgurgmi biei u`g rlpfakbg ml trgfgjgmirls

ml timg bagsl, ag bi`stktubk` sivktkbg ml 7;23 mkbl l` su grt. 7 qul ag \VRR ls u` Lstgmisibkgakstg ml ifrlris y bgeplskìs y l` su grt. 2 gckreg qul timi la pimlr plrtl`lbl l` mkbog\`k` ml Vlpfakbgs ga pulfai trgfgjgmir ml ag bkumgm y mla bgepi.

2. Vlpufakbg`ksei y aubog g`tkcrg`qukstgAis gbi`tlbkekl`tis mla lxkaki ì skleprl cgvirlbklri` u` ful` l`tl`mkekl`ti ml ais

rlpufakbgìs lspgials> primujri`sl ùlvis zkdzgds l` ag piatkbg mla pgrtkmi bieu`kstg sld`prlvgalbklri` ais pu`tis ml vkstg ml uìs u itris mkrkdl`tls y sld` lviaubki`gfg` agsbkrbu`stg`bkgs `gbki`gals l k`tlr`gbki`gals.

Egs ais tktuflis ì sai gclbtgfg` g ag mkrlbbk`> tgefk` l` ag fgsl ogfg u`g gbtktumgefkvgal`tl. Rk, pir u` agmi, u` bieu`kstg lrg, pir mlck`kbk`, u` rlpufakbgì (ì kfg ggpiygr u`g rlstgurgbk` ei`rqukbg!), pir itri plrskstg u` egalstgr qul keplmg gsuekrpal`gel`tl biei slg ml kml`tkmgm pripkg la gak`lgekl`ti bi` ag Vlpfakbg ml 7;27, bi` agVlpfakbg ml trgfgjgmirls ml timg bagsl> i u` lsbrpuai qul mkckbuatgfg la vlr l` la aldgmi mlag KK Vlpfakbg u` pgtrkei`ki kmliadkbi pripki. [ es g` rlpu`tgfg lsl lsbrpuai l`trlbklrtis bugmris mla pgrtkmi.

Ga ck` y ga bgfi sl galdgfg ogfg skmi u`g Vlpfakbg furdulsg> gmles, gmiptgr agbi`blpbk` ml qul sl aubogfg pir rlstgurgr ag aldgakmgm bi`stktubki`ga rlpufakbg`g kepakbgfgu` gfg`miì ml ag kmliaidg rlviaubki`grkg mla egrxksei-al`k`ksei, pgrg ag buga ai quljustkckbg alvg`tgrsl l` gregs bi`trg la pimlr lxkstl`tl (skleprl qul ogyg bi`mkbki`lsrgzi`gfals pgrg la trku`ci rlviaubki`grki) ls ag k`justkbkg mla bgpktgaksei, ì ag bi`ckdurgbk`

pgrtkbuagr ml tga i buga rdkel` piatkbi.Xrimjisl u`g fkcurbgbk`. Ag mkrlbbk` mla pgrtkmi bieu`kstg (l`bgflzgmg pir Rg`tkgdiBgrrkaai ml cgbti mlsml 7;


5/11

Rldu`mg i ]lrblrg Vlpfakbg9 pir Airl`zi Xlg. 1ottp://www.lrij.ird0 37

bi`stktubki`ga, ml ag Vlpfakbg ml trgfgjgmirls ml timg bagsl9 L`grfiagrgeis ag fg`mlrgtrkbiair9

L` gqulaais gis (7;3= y skdukl`tls) qukl`ls ìs mlck`geis biei rlpufakbgìs rgeis

u`g ekìrg ml`tri ml u`g ekìrg ml`tri ml u`g ekìrg. Xgrg ag egyirg la prifaleg viavgg ai ml skleprl: ag aubog furdulsg/prialtgrkgmi> qul ag cireg ml difklrì culrg rlpufakbg`gi ei`rqukbg lrg gbblsirki y, g ag pistrl, bi`stktug u` mgti lpkmrekbi ml ag suplrlstrubturgpiatkbg.

@i ls qul lsis bgegrgmgs gfidgrg` pir ag piskfkakmgm i ag vkgfkakmgm ml u` pimlrprialtgrki ml cireg ei`rqukbg (g tg`ti ì brli qul aaldgrg`, i ga elìs mumi qul sl aiogyg` pag`tlgmi ù`bg l` tgals trekìs)> egs s pl`sgfg` qul, l` la ci`mi, mgfg kduga qulla lstgmi furdus, culrg la qul culsl, tuvklrg u`g cireg ml difklrì ei`rqukbg i rlpufakbg`g.Bi`slbul`tlel`tl, rltiegr ag fg`mlrg trkbiair als pgrlbg kepripki ml rlviaubki`grkisprialtgrkis> ipi`g`sl tgefk` g k`trimubkr bugaquklr vibgfai rlpufakbgì l` ag tlrekìaidgpiatkbg (sl gfidgfg pir u`g mleibrgbkg pipuagr, sk` prlbksgr sk slrg ei`grqug i

Vlpfakbg).L` ai tibg`tl g qu fg`mlrg slrg ag ml eivkakzgbk`, ogfg isbkagbki`ls. Gu`qul sul`l

rgri, ì cgatgfg (l`trl gad` mkrkdl`tl rgmkbgael`tl grbokrrlviaubki`grki) ag k`bak`gbk` g agfg`mlrg rijkdugamg firf`kbg, pgrg mkstg`bkgrsl gs ml ag gvl`turg rlpufakbg`g ml 7;27, g agqul sl vlg biei u` olboi okstrkbi suplrgmi. Itris ì bi`sl`tg` l` es lstg`mgrtl qul agrijg fg`mlrg mla prialtgrkgmi (ag rijg fg`mlrg qul ìs dukgr, pir ag sl`mg mla trgfgjgmir,ogbkg la sivklt rlml`tir, qul u` eu`mi ùlvi og ml cirjgr, bi` la egrtkaai y bi` ag oiz).

Ai qul, biei pir l`sgaei, okzi mlsvg`lblrsl timg lsg laubufrgbk`, fgrrkl`mi timis lsislsbrpuais, cul ag aubog ml egsgs. Bug`mi aaldgri` ags eg`kclstgbki`ls lstumkg`tkals y ifrlrgsml 7;3?, 7;3;, 7;48, y gis sublskvis, l` ags bugals sl l`grfiagfg` fg`mlrgs trkbiairls (qul

uì sl prldu`tg ml m`ml ogfg` sgakmi)> bug`mi la aleg ml Vlpfakbg leplz g gpgrlblrpir gqu y pir gaa> bug`mi timi lsi pgs, iavkmgri` sfktgel`tl sus rlekadis purkstgs aissigmirls ml ag rlviaubk` prialtgrkg gfstrgbtg g plsgr ml qul ais gbi`tlbkekl`tis mla egyicrg`bs (ml 7;3?) ais lepujgfg`, ml ùlvi, l` ag mkrlbbk` lrr`lg, ag ml viavlr g bi`blfkrag rlviaubk` lspgiag elrgel`tl biei u`g pgrtl ml lsg kegdk`gmg dl`lrgakzgbk` mla ibtufrlrusi g timi la pag`ltg (i, pgrg laais, g timg Luripg).

Xgrg uìs slrg pir ipirtu`ksei, pgrg itris pir bi`vkbbk`, pgrg itris es pirqul lavkl`ti sipagfg goirg ml lsl agmi (y yg sl sgfl qul Skbl`tl tkl`ml g pl`sgr biei pkl`sl agdl`tl gqulaag dl`tl qul cireg la l`tirì rlalvg`tl pgrg bgmg uì). L` lsis atkeis gis 38y ais 48 ag bi`skd`g ml ag Vlpfakbg y ml ag aldgakmgm bi`stktubki`ga rlpufakbg`g sl gsuekbi` drg` gepaktum, y cul u` mkstk`tkvi crl`tl g ag trg`skbk` bi`tkùkstg pgbtgmg l` ags gaturgs

bi` la gpiyi mla pgrtkmi bieu`kstg ickbkga.

=. Skdl`bkg mla rlpufakbg`ksei siakmgrkiXuls fkl`, oiy, ga ck`gakzgr la gi 6883, timgs lsgs mksbrlpg`bkgs ì og` mlsgpgrlbkmi.

Culri` yg suplrgmgs, mlsml auldi, ags bi`blptugakzgbki`ls tlrkbgs l` ags qul sl k`sbrkfg`tgals mlfgtls l` ais gis 28 (y yg u` tg`ti mlscgsgmgel`tl, l` mlbl`kis pistlrkirls). [g`gmkl pkl`sg l` gfirmgr ags bulstki`ls ml oiy bi` u` gàksks ml ags ltgpgs ml ag rlviaubk`pl`mkl`tl. Rk` lefgrdi, ais ekseis lsqulegs pricu`mis skdul` k`spkrg`mi ais pag`tlgekl`tiskmliadkbis y piatkbis.

L`trl ais mksbi`cirels bi` ags k`justkbkgs mla skstleg oiy rlk`g`tl skdul prlvgalbkl`mi(gu`qul yg ì susbktl `k tg`tg `k tg` u``kel gmolsk`) ag tlirg egrxkstg, sld` ag buga la

Lstgmi ls u`g suplrlstrubturg piatkbg ml ags sibklmgmls mkvkmkmgs l` bagsls g`tgd`kbgs buyg


6/11


tgrlg bi`skstl l` rlprkekr g ag bagsl ipulstg, pir ai buga la gut`tkbi mkaleg ls la qul l`crl`tgla pimlr lstgtga prialtgrki y la furdus-bgpktgakstg, ga pgsi qul ls k`sustg`bkga ag bulstk` mlags ciregs ml difklrì ml lsl pimlr.

Crl`tl g lsl pu`ti ml vkstg, qul juzdi pricu`mgel`tl lqukvibgmi, gfidi pir u` l`ciqulga qul, ml ful`g dg`g, aagegrg rlpufakbg`ksei sk ì culrg pirqul bi` lsl vibgfai sulal`mlskd`grsl oiy bi`blpbki`ls bi` ags bugals tkl`l piquskei qul vlr. Gatlr`gtkvgel`tlpimleis gpakbgral itris rtuais: rlpufakbg`ksei siakmgrki, i pipuakg`ksei, pulsti qul subgrgbtlrstkbg ls ag ml slr pgrtkmgrki mla pulfai (pimrg aagegrsl tgefk` pipuakbksei ipufakbksei pir mlcl`mlr ais fkl`ls pfakbis, i slg ais fkl`ls pipakbis, fkl`ls mlapulfai).

Rus cul`tls si`, es qul la egrxksei, la sibkgaksei ml btlmrg ml ag lsbulag okstrkbg mllbiìeg piatkbg galeg`g, la siakmgrksei crg`bs (Al` Mudukt, Dlirdls Rblaal), labialbtkvksei ml Jigqu` Bistg, la cgfkg`ksei k`das y, sifrl timi, ag prbtkbg rlga, ag lviaubk`lclbtkvg ml ais Lstgmis eimlrìs, qul fgji la k`cauji ì rlbiìbkmi mla mlsgci sivktkbi

og` kmi pgsg`mi drgmugael`tl mla bgpktgaksei ga qul skdul` ìek`gael`tl gmolrkmis g u`Lstgmi mla fkl`lstgr, qul ml olboi ls u` skstleg l` drg` elmkmg ì-bgpktgakstg.

L` ag ptkbg mla pipuakg`ksei, la Lstgmi (l` agt` Vls Xfakbg, i slg Vls Xipakbg), làudgr ml slr u` gpgrgti ml rlprlsk`, ls ag pripkg sibklmgm irdg`kzgmg (la pulfai i ppuaus),buyg mkrlbbk` vkl`l l`biel`mgmg g uìs rdgìs ml pimlr buyg eksk` prlpi`mlrg`tl ì lsrlprkekr bi`mubtgs priokfkmgs skì lstgfalblr y ogblr cu`bki`gr ais slrvkbkis pfakbis: ai`jgsy gfgstis, pul`tls y bgrrltlrgs, u`kmgmls ml sgavgel`ti y gabg`tgrkaags, oispktgals y bialdkis,cgris y vgs crrlgs, euslis y birrlis, gbulmubtis y bg`gakzgbki`ls, fkfakitlbgs y a`lgs mltrg`spirtl pfakbi, ltb.

@i sl trgtg ml mlrrkfgr la Lstgmi lxkstl`tl (`k, elìs g`, ml brlgr u`gs kegdk`grkgsbi`mkbki`ls pgrg su pguagtk`g lxtk`bk`, ai buga ls u`g purg qukelrg), skì ml fusbgr agsciregs ml difklrì gpripkgmgs pgrg qul la Lstgmi buepag eljir lsg tgrlg ml irdg`kzgr aisslrvkbkis pfakbis l` fl`lckbki ml timg ag sibklmgm (y, l` atkei trekì, ml timg agoueg`kmgm).

Ml lsgs prleksgs sl vg` g sldukr mis bi`bauski`ls: Ag u`g ls la rlbogzi ml ag ei`grqug, biei u`g cireg ml difklrì k`justg l k`gmlbugmg

pgrg lsg cu`bk`. Ag itrg ls la aldgaksei: pulsti qul la pridrlsi ml ag sibklmgm lst l` la rlcirzgekl`ti mla

Lstgmi (fkl` irdg`kzgmi y fgsgmi l` vgairls sibkgael`tl gsuekmis qul fl`lckbkl` g timila pulfai), lst bagri qul ogy qul gmiptgr la egrbi ml lsl Lstgmi biei vakmi,gtl`k`misl uì g ag ìregtkvg qul ml a leg`g y qul ai bi`ckdurg (skleprl qul slg u`

Lstgmi ml mlrlboi)> l` lsl egrbi, ls lxblpbki`ga ag justkckbgbk` ml ag k`surrlbbk`(mltlrek`gmg pir u`g rupturg ml ag aldgakmgm mlsml la pimlr sktugbk` ml tkrg`g y gu`lsi sai sk bi`burrl` itrgs bi`mkbki`ls, pibi crlbul`tls, qul ogdg` justi y vkgfal laalvg`tgekl`ti pipuagr> ag rlviaubk` rusg ml 7;74 cul justg, pirqul bi`burrg` tgalsbkrbu`stg`bkgs> plri ais bieu`kstgs k`burrklri` l` la lrrir ml brllr qul lsg lxplrkl`bkg lrgdl`lrgakzgfal, bug`mi l` vlrmgm cul `kbg l krrlpltkfal).La rdkel` kepulsti l` 7;23-2; ga pulfai lspgia lrg u`g tkrg`g kaldga. Ag trg`skbk` ml

7;43-4; ì cul aldga `k g tlìr ml ag aldgakmgm g`tlrkir (ag ml ag KK Vlpfakbg) `k skquklrg gtlìr ml ag ìregtkvg keplrg tl ml cgbti l` lsl plrimi l` Lspgg, ag ml ags alylscu`mgel`tgals mla Vlkì, i slg gqulaag bi` grrldai g ag buga ogfg` skmi bi`vibgmgs ygbtugri` (gu`qul lxtrgakekt`misl l` sus gtrkfubki`ls aldgals) ags birtls fkbgelrgals ml ag

trg`skbk` (bi` u` sl`gmi firf`kbi ml quk`ti rldki).


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Ai qul fgji la crg`quksei justkckbgfg ag rlviaubk` l` Lspgg (i eljir mkboi ag oufklrgjustkckbgmi ml ogflr skmi piskfal) lrg la bgrbtlr lxblpbki`ga mla rdkel`, u`g sg`duk`grkgtkrg`g kepag`tgmg pir ag mlstrubbk` vkial`tg ml ag aldgakmgm rlpufakbg`g.

Ai qul justkckbg sldukr rlbogzg`mi oiy la primubti ml ag trg`skbk` ls qul ì tuvialdgakmgm, ì sl gjust g `k`du`g ml ags mis prlsu`tgs aldgakmgmls, y qul og olboi tgfag rgsgml ag aldgakmgm rlpufakbg`g, biei sk ì lxkstklrg.

Mkboi timi ai g`tlrkir, ì brli qul eks supulstis mibtrk`gals ogyg` ml slr cirzisgel`tlbiepgrtkmis pir qukl`ls l`bul`trl` gad` erkti i vgair l` ag grduel`tgbk` mla pg`caltigmju`ti.

El plrbgti ml qul lsis grduel`tis als susbktg` mkckbuatgmls g ais gmlptis ml ag tlirg mlag lxtk`bk` mla Lstgmi y mla bgrbtlr suplrlstrubturga y lsl`bkgael`tl rlprlsir mla eksei>egs lsplri qul gu` ml`tri ml tgals lsqulegs eks rgzi`gekl`tis skrvg` pgrg qulfrg`tgrgaduìs midegs. Gu`qul culrg vlrmgmlrg lsg tlirg, ogfrg ml egtkzgrsl y calxkfkakzgrsl pgrgì mlslefibgr l` ag bi`bausk` ml qul, g ag pistrl, ag cireg ml difklrì prbtkbgel`tl mg

kduga i ls krrlalvg`tl bi` ai buga ag lvl`tuga gmolsk` g ag bgusg rlpufakbg`g sl rlfgjgrg gu`g pisturg elrgel`tl tbtkbg.

ls ùai i vgbui la exkei bie` mlìek`gmir ml agspripulstgs gs mlsbgakckbgmgs.


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LRXGG VIJG. @ 72. Clfrlri ml 6884. ottp://lrij.ird 3=

Itri rlpribol g ag pribagegbk` ml Lspgg biei Vlpfakbg ml trgfgjgmirls ml timg bagslyg ai ol lvibgmi es grrkfg: gmblsl qul ì ogy trgfgjgmirls ml timgs ags bagsls sibkgals. Lsml mlstgbgr ag l`trl egaviag y tirpl mlsckdurgbk` qul sl bieltl g vlbls ga mlbkrsl qul

ag ]rkbiair lrg u`g Vlpfakbg ml trgfgjgmirls ml timgs bagsls (i ml timgs ags bagsls).La sk`duagr ì lstgfg pir gzgr l` ag paueg ml u` drg` jurkstg biei M. Auks Jke`lz mlGsg. Ai qul lst mkbkl`mi ag pribagegbk` bi`stktubki`ga ml 7;27 ls qul Lspgg ls u`gVlpfakbg ml trgfgjgmirls, y qul u` trgfgjgmir pulml slrai ml u`g bagsl u itrg, ml u`g `mialagfirga u itrg: pulml slr u` mlslepalgmi (i slg gadukl` qul gspkrg g vkvkr ml su trgfgji, qulls vibgbki`gael`tl trgfgjgmir) egs ga qul ags bi`mkbki`ls k`justgs mla elrbgmi agfirga ì alfrk`mg` u`g ibgsk` pripkbkg pgrg buepakr su pripskti> pulml slr u` trgfgjgmir egùga> pulmlslr u` trgfgjgmir k`tlalbtuga> pulml slr u` trgfgjgmir pir bul`tg pripkg i pir bul`tg gjl`g. @ils trgfgjgmir (i ai ls egrdk`gael`tl) gqula buyis k`drlsis lsl`bkgals ì privkl`l` mla trgfgjipripki (gutìei i oltlrìei), skì mla gjlì qul ls, sk` mumg, ai qul als sublml g aisagtkcu`mkstgs y fg`qulris, y g itris tgefk`.

Lsg pribagegbk` gxkiadkbg ì rlsulavl, `k prltl`ml rlsiavlr, timis ais prifalegsk`tlrprltgtkvis, biei ag mltlrek`gbk` mla gabg`bl sufjltkvi y ifjltkvi mla vgair mla trgfgji.@i ais rlsulavl ùlstrg Bi`stktubk` rlpufakbg`g ml 7;27 `k `k`du`g itrg. @k tkl`l` pir qurlsiavlrais, yg qul lsi og ml mljgrsl g ags vgrkgfals pgutgs lxldtkbgs ml ag sibklmgm l` sulviaubk`, mla pulfai, mla aldksagmir irmk`grki y ml ag jurkspruml`bkg.

3. Og` ml lùelrgrsl ags slblskvgs Vlpfakbgs9Ag sldu`mg y atkeg bulstk` ck`ga qul viy g gfirmgr ls la prifaleg ml ag lùelrgbk`

ml ags Vlpfakbgs. Wukl`ls ag`zg` la lsaidg` ml u`g tlrblrg rlpfakbg ai ogbl` bi` ag eljirk`tl`bk` mla eu`mi (ì el bgfl mumg), egs kepabktgel`tl su el`sgjl ls la ml qul ag KKVlpfakbg ls gadi mla pgsgmi, bgrl`tl ml vkdl`bkg l` la eu`mi ml oiy> i qul crgbgs yplrkbakt.

Goirg fkl`, ga pribagegrsl ag Vlpfakbg l` 7;27 ì sl pribage ag sldu`mg Vlpfakbg.@k `gmkl lstgfg aubog`mi l` ag Lspgg ml ais gis prlblml`tls pir ag sldu`mg rlpfakbg `kpir u`g sldu`mg rlpfakbg, skì sl`bkaagel`tl pir ag Vlpfakbg g slbgs. La qul l` ùlstrgXgtrkg yg sl oufklrg pribagegmi u`g prkelrg vlz ag Vlpfakbg la 77 ml clfrlri ml 7?42 ìmltlrek`gfg qul ag pribagegbk` mla 7= ml gfrka ml 7;27 culrg ag ml u`g mltlrek`gmgVlpfakbg, ag sldu`mg, ga pgsi qul l` 7?42 sl ogfrg pribagegmi ag prkelrg Vlpfakbg. @ils gs: jurmkbgel`tl ls ag ekseg pribagegbk`, ag ml ag Vlpfakbg g slbgs. (Kduga qul agpribagegbk` ml ag ei`grqug 7?43, 7;=4 ì ls ag ml ag l`skeg ei`grqug> sgfl gadukl`l` qu ei`grqug lstgeis goirg, sk l` ag ibtgvg i l` ag u`mbkeg9)

Ag bi`stktubk` (qul ì sl aald g prieuadgr) ml ag prkelrg Vlpfakbg lrg euy mkstk`tg mlag qul sl prieuad pgrg ag sldu`mg, gu`qul la gbti ml pribagegbk` ls prlvki g agBi`stktubk`. Ag prkelrg Vlpfakbg quksi slr clmlrga> ag sldu`mg cul u`ktgrkg.

Bug`mi sl primuzbg u`g tlrblrg pribagegbk` ml ag Vlpfakbg ì tkl`l pir qu slr ag mlu`g tlrblrg Vlpfakbg. @k skquklrg tkl`l qul k`ìvgr l` ai tibg`tl g ag bi`stktubk`. Xulmlgmiptgr ag bi`stktubk` (ì-prieuadgmg) ml ag prkelrg (gmgpt`miag), i ag ml ag sldu`mg, i u`gtlrblrg.

@k tgepibi u` bgefki ml bi`stktubk` kepakbg la ck` ml u`g Vlpfakbg y la surdkekl`timl itrg (sgavi pgrg ck`ls plmgddkbis i ml vuadgrkzgbk`). Bgrlbl ml cu`mgel`ti jurmkbiogfagr ml Vlpfakbgs sublskvgs l` u` pgs pirqul sl rllepagbl u`g bi`stktubk` pir itrg (egagbistuefrl crg`blsg rlpumkgmg pir ais jurkstgs qul ogfag ml u`g KS Vlpfakbg, 7;=3-


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Rldu`mg i ]lrblrg Vlpfakbg9 pir Airl`zi Xlg. 1ottp://www.lrij.ird0 3 i tga vlz iptgr pir itri èlries fi`kti i es rlmi`mi (qukz ag slxtg Vlpfakbg, pirqul la èlri 3 ls plrclbti).

]img lsg bulstk` ls tlrekìadkbg l k`sustg`bkga, plri tkl`l su kepirtg`bkg. Rk ai mlaubog pir ag KKK Vlpfakbg sai sl l`tkl`ml biei aubog pir u`g tlrblrg pribagegbk` ml agVlpfakbg ls Lspgg, fkl`! @gmg qul ifjltgr. Egs, bug`mi sl sifrll`tkl`ml qul slrg itrgVlpfakbg, egai!

Wu sl quklrl biagr bi` lsg tlrblrg9 La sl`gmi9 I slg, la rdkel` fkbgelrga, bi` u`g

begrg tlrrktirkga qul skdg skl`mi la fgaugrtl ml ais bgbkbgzdis y ml ags sgtrgpgs rldki`gals9I tga i buga gpirtgbk` ml ag bi`stktubk` ml 7;4?, biei ag ì-rlù`bkg g ag dulrrg, la ì-rlbiìbkekl`ti mla mlrlboi ml lekdrgbk` l kèkdrgbk`, ag pgrbkga trg`sclrl`bkg ml siflrg`gg l`tlalqukgs suprg`gbki`gals, ag krrlvlrskfkakmgm ml ag gutiìekzgbk` rldki`ga y gssublskvgel`tl9

R qul eubois, sk`blrg y oi`lstgel`tl, gòlag` u`g tlrblrg Vlpfakbg, gu`qul ìqulrrg` sl`gmi, `k lst` l` bi`trg ml ais mlrlbois ml lekdrgr l kèkdrgr, `k quklrl` qul agdulrrg plrskstg biei u`g aldtkeg ipbk` ml piatkbg lxtlrkir. Egs lsg bi`skd`g ml ag i mlu`g tlrblrg Vlpfakbg mljg gfklrti timi lsi y es.

L` bgefki ag rlstgurgbk` ml ag Vlpfakbg (i slg ml ag Vlpfakbg bi`ckdurgmg l` ag

Bi`stktubk` ml 7;27) lakek`g tgals mlsgdrgmgfals plrsplbtkvgs, gu`qul mljg gfklrtg agpiskfkakmgm ml qul ags dl`lrgbki`ls cuturgs iptl` pir ai qul als m ag dg`g, yg qul u`gdl`lrgbk` ì pulml ifakdgr g ags qul vl`mr` mlspus.

Brli, puls, qul oiy bi`slrvg su vgakmlz ag gmolsk` g ùlstrg Vlpfakbg, ag VlpfakbgLspgiag pribagegmg l` 7;27. Bug`mi sl rlstgurl, tklepi ogfr ml lèl`mgr su bi`stktubkì, sk ai mlslg la pulfai lspgia, rllepagzgrag pir itrg l`tlrgel`tl ùlvg y lsplrleis quleljir.

Bug`mi, l` 7?68, ag rlviaubk` l`bgflzgmg pir Vgcgla mla Vkldi mlrrib ag ei`grquggfsiautg ml Clr`g`mi SKK, ì cgatgfg` qukl`ls qulrg` u`g ùlvg bi`stktubk`, u`g ùlvgei`grqug bi`stktubki`ga, ì ag ml 7?76. Egs ogfg u`g rgz` mlbkskvg g cgvir ml ag ml Bmkz:stg lstgfg go, pimg rlbagegr pgrg s u` lstgtuti jurmkbi ml aldgakmgm y ml vkdl`bkg ml kurl

y ì gfrg l` la pgìrgeg `k`du`g k`bd`ktg> ag bi`stktubk` mleibrtkbg ml Bmkz ogfglstgfalbkmi u` pgragel`ti ml u`g siag begrg, ml lalbbk` pipuagr. Rl kepusi, y tl`g qulkepi`lrsl (gu`qul ag sldu`mg k`vgsk` crg`blsg mlstruylrg, l` 7?62, ùlstrgs akflrtgmls,kepag`tg`mi ml ùlvi ag ei`grqug gfsiautg ml ag bgsg ml Firf` l` Lspgg, g ag qulsldukrg` rldel`ls akflrgals fkbgelrgals, ogstg 7;27).

Rgatg g ag vkstg ag g`gaidg bi` ag sktugbk` gbtuga. Gmju`ti goirg la pg`calti qul ol vl`kmibiel`tg`mi.


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Skvg ag ]rkbiair!Xir ag Vlpfakbg ml ]rgfgjgmirls ml timg bagsl

Egmrkm, 3 ml mkbklefrl ml 6883Lspgg rijg, gegrkaag y eirgmg

Ags ciregs ml difklrì ì si` k`mkclrl`tls pir mis rgzi`ls. Ag prkelrg rgz` ls qul ogyyg u` vgair k`tr`slbi l` ag cireg ml difklrì rlpufakbg`g y u` mlsvgair l` ag ei`rqukbg.Ag sldu`mg rgz` ls qul l`trl ag cireg ml difklrì y ais bi`tl`kmis lxkstl u`g birrlagbk`,gu`qul ì slg gfsiautg.

Ag prkelrg rgz`, la vgair k`tr`slbi ml ag cireg rlpufakbg`g, lstrkfg l` qul l` u`gei`grqug (sifrl timi l` u`g mk`stkbg y olrlmktgrkg) ogy mis bagsls ml k`mkvkmuis ouegìs:ag u`g ls u` bi`ju`ti ml u` siai eklefri, la siflrgì> ag itrg gfgrbg g ais mles: aissfmktis. La siflrgì ai ls pir u` ttuai kòlrl`tl g su `gbkekl`ti, ljlrbkl`mi su prlrridgtkvg

rldkg ml pir vkmg. L` gadu`gs ei`grqugs, biei ag lspgiag gbtuga, la siflrgì lst k`vlstkmiml gepakis pimlrls piatkbis (pulml vltgr alyls y mlbrltis, prlskml ag Ju`tg ml Mlcl`sg@gbki`ga, pulml rlousgr la ìefrgekl`ti ml u` jlcl ml difklrì i ml sus ek`kstris y istl`tgag suprleg pitlstgm grfktrga l` bgsi ml bi`cakbti l`trl mkvlrsgs k`stktubki`ls pfakbgs). Gu`sk` lsis pimlrls, su suprleg mkd`kmgm vktga y i`tiadkbg ogbl ml a u` slr suplrkir y bi`vklrtlg su mk`gstg l` u`g bgstg prkvkaldkgmg, ag ml ais tktuagrls ml u` mlrlboi g rlk`gr, ga pgsi qulais mles tl`leis la mlflr ml mljgrìs rldkr, ml sipirtgr la triì qul sl ylrdul sifrlìsitris.

Ag sldu`mg rgz` pgrg iptgr pir u`g Vlpfakbg ls qul ag cireg ml difklrì ì lsk`mkclrl`tl ga bi`tl`kmi. @i pulml ogflr u`g ei`grqug pridrlskstg, sibkgael`tl gvg`zgmg,qul sl gak`ll bi` ais pulfais mla eu`mi l` su aubog pir ag kdugamgm sibkga y bi`trg lakeplrkgaksei, `k u`g ei`grqug qul prieulvg ag olreg`mgm u`kvlrsga ml ais slrls ouegìs.@i pulml ogflrag pirqul la ei`grbg yg mltl`tl pibi i euboi pimlr lstgr go pgrgkeplmkrai, pulsti qul su biri`g mlpl`ml mla eg`tl`kekl`ti ml u` skstleg ml mlskdugamgmk``gtg y olrlmktgrkg, ml u` rdkel` ml prkvkaldkis, k`biepgtkfal, pir prk`bkpki, bi` aismlrlbois ouegìs.

@i vgal la prlsu`ti bi`trgljlepai ml Rulbkg, pir vgrkis eitkvis, l`trl itris qul lsl rlkìls u` lsagf` ml ag bgml`g keplrkgakstg, u` pu`tga mla ibbkml`tl sijuzdgmir y sg`duk`grki> slmlseiri` ogbl tklepi la ekti mla supulsti eimlai sulbi. Ag gmek`kstrgbk` ei`rqukbg mlLstibiaei pusi ck` yg ogbl gis g ags piquktgs bisgs ful`gs qul ogfg olboi l` gadèiel`ti> y gaa, biei birrlspi`ml g u`g ei`grqug, ags bisgs vulavl` g su bgubl, g ais

prkvkaldkis ml ag iakdgrqug ck`g`bklrg y u` gak`lgekl`ti bi` la aagegmi eu`mi akfrl(k`mkrlbtgel`tl bi` ag @G]I, aaldg`mi ga lxtrlei ml pgrtkbkpgr l` ais drupis ml biefgtl mlk`tlrvl`bk` rpkmg ml lstg irdg`kzgbk` gdrlskvg, y ml tl`lr tripgs l` Nisivi y l`Gcdg`kst`).

Bu`tis pgsls mla eu`mi si` ei`grqugs9 Euy pibis> uì ml bgmg mklzgprixkegmgel`tl. Rk` lefgrdi, l`trl ais qul og` l`vkgmi tripgs guxkakgrls pgrg rlspgamgr agbrkek`ga gdrlsk` y ibupgbk` ml Elsipitgekg pir la keplrkgaksei yg`quk, ag ektgm sièi`grqugs: ais rlkìs ml Mk`gegrbg, K`dagtlrrg, Oiag`mg, @iruldg, Gustrgakg, @lpga, Jgp`,]gkag`mkg, Bg`gm (gu`qul bgeucagmgel`tl), Lspgg (gu`qul pir frlvl tklepi), gmles mlagpiyi ekaktgr ml ag ei`grqugs rgfls: Jirmg`kg, ags pltriei`grqugs mla Diaci y Egrrulbis.Ls u` ljlepai. Rk ogbleis u`g lstgmstkbg ml bei sl rlpgrtl la viti l` ag I@\ y

biepgrgeis la pirbl`tgjl ml ei`grqugs y ml Vlpfakbgs, bieprifgrleis qul, lclbtkvgel`tl,s sl mg u`g birrlagbk`. Ei`grquksei ls rlgbbki`grksei.


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Xir gefgs rgzi`ls ls eljir ag Vlpfakbg qul ag ei`grqug. [ ai ls k`mlpl`mkl`tlel`tlml qul l` ag Vlpfakbg prlvgalzbg murg`tl u` tklepi u`g u itrg piatkbg. @i pir laai vg gslrìs k`mkclrl`tl gfidgr pir u`g Vlpfakbg i pir itrg. @k euboi elìs.

L` la bgsi ml Lspgg, og skmi la pripki pulfai lspgia la qul og lsbidkmi su Vlpfakbg,la 7= ml gfrka ml 7;27: u`g Vlpfakbg u`ktgrkg ml trgfgjgmirls ml timg bagsl> u`g Vlpfakbgbi` justkbkg sibkga, qul, bi` ag Bi`stktubk` ml 7;27, gabg`zg u` lqukakfrki l`trl agsrlkvk`mkbgbki`ls ml rlcireg sibkga y ags gspkrgbki`ls k`mkvkmugals ml akflrtgm, bi` u`gsk`stktubki`ls calxkfals, fgsgmgs l` la bl`trgaksei mleibrtkbi, pgrg plrektkr uì u itri bgsilxblpbki`ga ml gutiìeg rldki`ga akektgmg (y gmles rlvlrskfal), l` la egrbi ml u`g Lspggsiakmgrkg, crgtlr`ga, pgbckbg, k`bak`gmg g ag u`k` ml ais pulfais oksp`kbis y g ag olreg`mgmu`kvlrsga.

Xir lsg Bi`stktubk` aubogeis. @i qulrleis u`g k`bd`ktg> `k vgeis g gpiygr u`l`dl`mri. Wulrleis ag ]rkbiair. Wulrleis ag Vlpfakbg mleibrtkbg y u`ktgrkg ml trgfgjgmirlsml timg bagsl. Wulrleis ag ekseg KK Vlpfakbg pir buyg sgavgbk` y pir buyi rlstgfalbkekl`-

ti og` aubogmi y og` eulrti bl`tl`grls ml ekals ml biefgtkl`tls pgtrkitgs mla pulfai lspgia,mlsml 7;23.

Lorenzo Peña: Segunda o tercera República

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