8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

1/58

Kf`efq Kfrf 1967

Bf sfaogurf fstrdhko`f gn

hunstrds Faunbds

Buos @frvfcfbOhmnhonrd @dkputf`odh n Ohjdrkfto`d

Kfmostnr gn Ngu`f`oh

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

2/58

Yrnsnhtf`oh

Nb tnkf qun sn prnsnhtf, tonhn bf ohtnh`ohgn `dhtroauor fb rn`dhd`okonhtd gn bds

sfanrns fh`nstrfbns sdarn bf kngo`oh gnb

tonkpd gn hunstrds faunbds y gn nstf

jdrkf `dkprnhgnr nh fkpbotug bf

`dh`np`odh y nb bnmfgd gn bf jnstovogfg gnb

Kf`efq Kfrf.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

3/58

@dhtnhogds

Bf @ubturf Fykfrf nh bfs Ns`unbfs

Nhjdqun gnb Kdgnbd Ns`dbfr

Nquovfbnh`ofs gnb Fd Hunvd Fhgohd @dkprnhgonhgd nb Wonkpd

@fbnhgfrod F`tufb

Pdbto`ods y Nquohd``ods Nb somhojo`fgd gnb Kf`efq Kfrf

@dh`busodhns Johfbns

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

4/58

Bf @ubturf Fykfrf nh bfs Ns`unbfs

Ns nb gnsnd gn pnrsdhfs pdrokpubsfr hunvfs nhsnfhzfs nhbds nstfabn`okonhtd gdhgn sn

`dh`nhtrnh hods fykfrfs.

Bf `fbogfg gn bf Ngu`f`oh, snjd`fbozf nh nstfabn`okonhtds `dh

uhf mrfh roqunzf gn

`dhd`okonhtds, jdrtfbn`ogds pdr

uh `urro`ubuk oh`busovd. Gnankds

`fkaofr nb kdgnbd ngu`ftovd pfrf

prdgu`or kncdrns fbukhds qun

dronhtfh su juturd ef`of bf vogf

rnfb `dh tdgfs sus `dkpbncogfgns

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

5/58

Nhjdqun gn uh Kdgnbd Ns`dbfr

Ns`unbfs gnb Pombd UOU Ns`unbfs gnb Pombd UUO

Yrdjnsdr

Fbukhd

@dhtnhogds

@dhd`okonhtd

Fprnhgozfcn

Yrdjnsdr

Fbukhd

@dhtnhogds

@dhd`okonhtd

Fprnhgozfcn

Go`tfrNxpdhnr

Fhfbozfr

@dkprdafr

pozfrrf `ufgnrhd

Aoabodtn`f

Yrdyn`tdr

KubtokngofbBfptdp

Ohtnrhnt

Eostdrof

^hovnrsfb @ubturf

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

6/58

Nquovfbnh`ofs gnb Fd Hunvd

Fhgohd

Fd HunvdKF@EFV KFQF

KFQF WFVF Govosoh gnb Fd

]OBBLF L^WO Qntdrhd gnb Pdb

Pomhojo`f qun nb Fd

tonhn uh `drtn qun

snpfrf uh `o`bd gnb dtrd y

qun `dhstouyn nb gf qun

fkfrrf bds `o`bds.

Nxprnsoh botnrfb y

fastrf`tf pfrf gnhdkohfr

`dkd nh d``ognhtn bf

`nbnarf`oh gn uh Fd

Hunvd d Hunvd @o`bd

Gnhdkohf`oh gnb

jnhdknhd qun d`urrn nh

bf nspnrf gn uh hunvd

`o`bd, gdhgn sn nspnrf bf

bbnmfgf gnb Pdb

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

7/58

@dkprnhgonhgd nb tonkpdVun ns bd qun nhtnhgnkds f`tufbknhtnpdr tonkpd4

F sokpbn vostf efabfr gnb tonkpd hds bbnvf ffsd`ofr fb rnbdc `dkd su nbnknhtd proh`opfb nhhunstrds gofs. Nh hunstrf vogf nh bf `ougfgefy fbmuhfs rnprnsnhtf`odhns pfrf `dh`naornb `dh`nptd gn tonkpd, pdr ncnkpbd jrfsns`dkd3

Efy qun kftfr nb tonkpdNb tonkpd ns drdNb tonkpd `urf bfs enrogfs

Edy nh gf nstfkds nstro`tfknhtn rnmogdspdr nb tonkpd, pnrd ns uh tonkpd oheukfhdqun hd hds gncf vovor trfhquobd.

Ynrd qun ns nb Wonkpd, bd pdgnkds snhtor4Vun ns bd qun hds nstf okpubsfhgd f f`tufr,

vovor d ef`of uh dacntovd. Pnr nb tonkpd4

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

8/58

Nb tonkpd qun pnr`oaokds edy nsuhf fastrf``oh prdvd`fgf pdr nbkoskd edkarn nh su knhtn y qunbns okpogn boanrfrsn. Pn gnsbomftdtfbknhtn gn bf hfturfbnzf, pdr

ncnkpbd, qun pnhsfrf uh fhokfbnh uh 6 gn nhnrd, pnrd sornf``odhfrof so vonhn uh 16 gnPnptonkarn, pdrqun sfan qun nspd`f gn prokfvnrf, y su fhokdns gn fbnmrf. Bf proknrf jn`ef ns

ohvnhtfgf pdr nb edkarn, puns nbfd hunvd ns uh `dh`nptd prdpodgn gntnrkohfr su oho`od gn fd, sohpnhsfr nh nb sdb, bf buhf, ho nh bfsnstnbbfs.

Bf `dh`np`oh gnb tonkpd

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

9/58

Dromnh gnb @fbnhgfrodNb proknr punabd qun kogo `dh nxf`totug nb fd

jun nb nmop`od, qun sn afs nh bf nstrnbbf Porodpfrf ef`nrbd. Bds nmop`ods gns`uaronrdh qun nb

fd gurfaf 0:> gfs y , bd `ufb nst kuy

`nr`f gn su gurf`oh rnfb.

Cubod @sfr tuvd hdto`of gn nstn `fbnhgfrod

`ufhgd nstuvd nh Nmoptd y bd okpdrt f Qdkfnh nb fd 7: fhtns gn Cnsu`rostd (F.@.). Ks

tfrgn, nstn `fbnhgfrod sn nxtnhgnrf pdr tdgd nb

okpnrod rdkfhd. Nstn `fbnhgfrod ns

pr`to`fknhtn omufb fb hunstrd f`tufb3 trns fds

gurfh 0:> gfs y nb `ufrtd 0::, `dh bd `ufb sn

`dhsomun qun su gurf`oh kngof snf gn 0:>.1>gfs.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

10/58

Dromnh gnb `fbnhgfrod

Nb `fbnhgfrod cubofhd `dhsognrfaf qun nbfd trpo`d nstfaf `dhstotuogd pdr 0:>,1>gfs, konhtrfs qun bf `ojrf `drrn`tf ns gn0:>,17165?, ns gn`or, 0:> gfs, > edrfs,75 kohutds y 7>,6: snmuhgds. Nsds ksgn 66 kohutds `dhtfgds fgo`odhfbknhtn f

`fgf fd efafh supunstd nh bds 61>=fds qun kngofafh nhtrn 01> y 6>51, uhnrrdr f`ukubfgd gn fprdxokfgfknhtn 69gfs, pdr bd `ufb sn ohstfur nb `fbnhgfrodmrnmdrofhd,hunstrd f`tufb `fbnhgfrod.

Pu hdkarn prdvonhn gn su proh`opfbprdkdtdr nb Yfpf Mrnmdrod UOOO, qun bd

sustotuy nh 6>51.7 gn D`tuarn

6>51

6> gn D`tuarn

6>51

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

11/58

@fbnhgfrod F`tufb

Bds `fbnhgfrods fhtomufknhtnvnhfh `dh rnjnrnh`of gn `o`bdbuhfrns pfrf `dkprnhgnr nbnhtdrhd qun rdgnfaf. Ynrd yf

hd fpfrn`n nstd, y sn gnsbomfgn f pd`d `dh bf hfturfbnzf, bdkoskd su`ngn `dh nb rnbdc,qun `dhtfaf fhtomufknhtn`dh uhf kfhn`obbf bfrmf y

`drtf, ohgo`fhgd nb kdvokonhtdgnb sdb y bf buhf, pnrd edy sdbdpnr`oaokds huknrdssdbfknhtn, `dkd bd sdh fedrfbds rnbdcns gomotfbns.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

12/58

Jnhdknhds gn bf BuhfBf Buhf nh su mord fbrngngdr gn bf Wonrrf prnsnhtfgojnrnhtns fspn`tds vosufbns snmh snf su pdso`oh`dh rnspn`td fb Pdb. @ufhgd bf Buhf nst nhtrn bfWonrrf y nb Pdb, tonhn dronhtfgf ef`of bf Wonrrf su `frfhd obukohfgf (Hdvobuhod d Buhf hunvf). ^hf snkfhfks tfrgn bf Buhf ef gfgd 6/7 gn vunbtf y prnsnhtfkngof `frf obukohfgf (@ufrtd @rn`onhtn).

Dtrf snkfhf ks y bf Buhf d`upf uhf pdso`ohfbohnfgf `dh nb Pdb y bf Wonrrf, pdr bd `ufb gnsgn bf

Wonrrf sn fprn`of tdgf bf `frf obukohfgf (Ybnhobuhod dBuhf bbnhf). ^hf snkfhf ks tfrgn sn prdgu`n nb`ufrtd knhmufhtn. Wrfhs`urrogfs uhfs `uftrdsnkfhfs nstfkds dtrf vnz nh Hdvobuhod. Bf zdhfqun bokotf bf buz y bf sdkarf sn gnhdkohf tnrkohfgdr.(Znr bukohdsogfg buhfr).

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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Pdbto`ods y Nquohd``odsNb 16 gn cuhod ns nb sdbsto`od gn ohvonrhd,uhf jn`ef qun fhuh`of djo`ofbknhtn bfbbnmfgf gnb ohvonrhd f bds pfsns gnb

enkosjnrod sur. Ynrd qu ns uhsdbsto`od4

Bds sdbsto`ods sdh bds gds puhtds nh bdsqun bf raotf gn bf Wonrrf sn nh`unhtrf "ks`eun`f" rnspn`td f bds rfyds sdbfrns, ygnjohnh bfs nstf`odhns gn ohvonrhd y vnrfhd.Nstd somhojo`f qun uhf pfrtn gnb fd nb Pdbpfrn`onrf nstfr "pdr gnafcd gn bf Wonrrf" ydtrf pfrtn gnb fd pfrn`n nstfr "pdrnh`okf", y bds sdbsto`ods sdh bds gdskdknhtds nh qun "ks pdr nh`okf" y "kspdr gnafcd" pfrn`n nstfr. Gurfhtn bdssdbsto`ods nb Pdb y bf bhnf gnb n`ufgdrtnrrnstrn jdrkfh uh hmubd gn 10 y kngod.

Yfrf hdsdtrds nb 16 gn cuhod ns nb sdbsto`odgn ohvonrhd (nkponzf nb ohvonrhd), y nb 16 gngo`onkarn ns nb sdbsto`od gn vnrfhd (nkponzfnb vnrfhd). Nstd `drrn sdbfknhtn pfrf bdsqun vovokds nh nb enkosjnrod sur, pdrqun nhnb enkosjnrod hdrtn su`ngn f bf ohvnrsf3 16gn cuhod ; vnrfhd y 16 gn go`onkarn ;ohvonrhd. @dkd pungns vnr nxostn uhgnsjfsn gn fprdxokfgfknhtn 67 gfs nhtrnbds sdbsto`ods y bfs pdso`odhns gn fjnbod ypnroenbod gn hunstrd pbfhntf.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

14/58

Bf kngo`odh gnb tonkpd

Nb gf sdbfr prdkngod gurf 17 edrfs, pnrd nbgof sognrfb gurf fprdxokfgfknhtn 10 edrfs y>: kohutds. Nstd sn prdgu`n pdrqun bfsnstrnbbfs gostfhtns fgnbfhtfh fb Pdb nh uhds`uftrd kohutds pdr gf. Nh bfs vontfs, nb Pdbns nb `r`ubd fkfrobbd y bf nstrnbbf gostfhtn ns nbpnqund `r`ubd rdcd. Bf gorn``oh Pur bd`fb

ns P.

Pn go`n qun nb Pdb pfsf pdr uh gntnrkohfgdknrogofhd `ufhgd bd vnkds pfsfr pdr nb puhtdks fbtd gn nsn gf. Nstn puhtd sn gnhdkohf`nhot y kfr`f nb kngodgf gnb gf `ovob. Nstn

surmo gn bf govosoh f`drgfgf pdr bdsmdaonrhds pfrf govogor nb gf nh gd`n edrfsfhtns gnb knrogofhd gn kngodgf (F.K.) y gd`nedrfs pfsfgd nstn knrogofhd (Y.K.).

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

15/58

Bf @dskdvosodh Fhgohf

Nh nb kuhgd fhgohd, bf

`dh`np`odh gn bf vogf nrfnstfabn`ogf nh juh`oh gnb

`dhd`okonhtd nxf`td gn bfs

nstrnbbfs. Bf vof bf`tnf

(KF_^)nrf prdyn`tfgf nh bf

vogf `dkd uh mrfh rod

nstnbfr. ^hd gn bds fspn`tdskfs ohtnrnsfhtns ns qun

hdsn dasnrvfafh bfs

`dhstnbf`odhns arobbfhtns,

sohd qun tfkaonh sn

dasnrvfafh nspf`ods

ds`urds nh nb `onbd fb qungnhdhfafh bfs

`dhstnbf`odhns ds`urfs,

rnprnsnhtfgfs nh fhokfbns

`dkd bf bbfkf

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

16/58

@dhstnbf`odhns Fhgohfs

Nb edkarn fhgohd, fbtnhnr nh su nhtdrhd bfpdsoaobogfg gn vnrohhuknrfabns nstrnbbf, nhsu rnbf`oh `dh bf vogf,

sn jocd nh fbmuhfs pfrfpdgnr prdjuhgozfr sus`dhd`okonhtds gn sutrfafcd gofrod y`dhstotuynh fbmd

okpdrtfhtn qun snrn`unrgf f trfvns gn su`nbnarf`odh

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

17/58

@dhstnbf`odhns Fhgohfs

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

18/58

@dhstnbf`oh gn Droh

Nmoptd Mrn`of

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19/58

Qnprnsnhtf`odh gn Drodh

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20/58

Nb somhojo`fgd gnb Kf`efq Kfrf

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

21/58

Bfs @dhstnbf`odhns nh

Afhgnrfs

Fustrfbof Hunvf Yfpf Muohnf

Pfkdf Hunvf Snbfhgof

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

22/58

Bfs @dhstnbf`odhns nh

Afhgnrfs

6> gn Hdvonkarn

gn 655?

Arfsob

6 Yrd`ydh (@fhos Knhdr)

1 @fhos Kfydr (Porod)

0 @fhdpus

7 Zormd

> Eogrf: @ruz gnb Pur

= Nstrnbbf gnb Ydbd Pur

5 Wrofhmubd Fustrfb

? Ns`drpod

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

23/58

Bf @ruz gnb Pur

Ns uhf gn bfs`dhstnbf`odhns kfsokpdrtfhtns gnbenkosjnrod sur.Qnprnsnhtf f

`uftrd nstrnbbfsuao`fgfs pdr nb rodgn nstrnbbfs tfh`frf`tnrsto`ds nhbds `onbds bokpods

gnb ohtnrodr

6

6

6

6

6

1 1

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

24/58

Bf @eflfhf

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

25/58

@eflfhf PdbfrKf`efq Kfrf

16 gn Cuhod

@fpfc Qfyko

16 gn Go`onkarn

Nquohd``od

Dtdd

16 gn Kfrzd

Nquohd``od

Yrokfvnrf

16 gn Cuhod

Fhftf

@frhfvfbns

1 Jnarnrd

]obfh`ef

0 Fmdstd

@ruz gn Kfyd

0 gn Kfyd

Gof gn bds

gojuhtds

6 Go`onkarn

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8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

27/58

@eflfhf Pdbfr

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

28/58

@eflfhf Buhfr

Bf ]opefbf

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

29/58

Bf ]opefbf

@ef`fhf

Pdbfr

@ef`fhf

Buhfr

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

30/58

Nbnknhtds gn Kngo`odh Fhgohd

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

31/58

Enrrfkonhtfs gn Dasnrvf`odhns

Fstrdhdko`f Fhgohfs

Pdbto`od

16 gn Cuhod

Pdbto`od

16 gn

Go`onkarn

Nquohd``od

11 gn

Pnptonkarn

Nquohd``od

10 gn Kfrzd

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

32/58

Enrrfkonhtfs gn Dasnrvf`odhns

Fstrdhdko`fs Fhgohfs

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

33/58

Ohtruknhtds gn Dasnrvf`oh

Bds Nspncds gn FmufBf `dbd`fs gnafcd gn bf nstrnbbf qun nst nh nb`nhot, `uyd rnjbncd gnsnfs `fptfr.

Pfans qun nb nspncd gn fmuf nst rnjbncfhgd nbpuhtd nxf`td, `ufhgd fb rngngdr gn bf vfsocf snjdrkf uh fhobbdbukohdsd y nstto`d, ns gn`or qunhd sn kunvn.

Nh `fkaod, so fh hd efs `fptfgd su bumfrnxf`td nb rnjbncd prdyn`tfgd nh nb fmuf snkunvn. Yfrf `fptfr nb puhtd nxf`td, efy qunkdvnr bnhtfknhtn bf vfsocf efstf qun fpfrnz`fnb frd bukohdsd.

Nsd ju bd qun eo`onrdh bds edkarns fhgohdspfrf trfsbfgfr bf @ruz gnb Pur f bf tonrrf. Nstf`dhstnbf`oh nst nh nb `nhot nhtrn nb 1 y nb 0 gnkfyd f bfs 61 gn bf hd`en, nh bfs pdabf`odhnsfbtopbho`fs gn Pfbohfs gn Mfr`of Knhgdzf, nbvdb`h Weuhupf y tdgf nsf zdhf.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

34/58

Ohtruknhtds gn Dasnrvf`oh

Bds Nspncds gn Fmuf

W to o Zo b g b

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

35/58

Wnstokdhod Zosufb gnb

Kf`efq kfrf Nb goaucd qun somun f `dhtohuf`oh

ns uh mrfafgd `drrnspdhgonhtn fbkns gn Cuhod bbfkfgd E^F@F_@^PV^O V^OBBF gn EufkfhYdkf gn Fyfbf, hunstrd `rdhostfohgod. @ub ns nb knhsfcn qun

hds arohgf `dh nstn mrfafgd4 Bf @rho`f gn ]fkfh Ydkf nh

su bkohf `drrnspdhgonhtn fbPdbto`od gn Ohvonrhd, jonstf gnb OhtoQfyko, kunstrf uh pnrsdhfcnvdbfgdr `dh fspn`td gn gofabobbdqun ohvothgdbd f @efbbfr, snf`nr`f fb Pdb djrn`onhgdbns rotufb ysokabo`fknhtn uh Lnrd `dh`eo`ef pfrf rn`dhjdrtfrbd.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

36/58

Fhbosos gnb Goaucd

Flfpf`ef

Fbfxpf`ef

Kfhqfpf`ef

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

37/58

Fspn`tds Oho`ofbns Bds fspn`tds oho`ofbns

qun fpdrtfh fbtrftfkonhtd gnb tnkf gnbKf`efq Kfrf, tonhnhrnbf`oh `dh su dromnheostro`d y sn kfhojonstfnh `rho`fs yfhtn`ngnhtns pnrgogds nhnb tonkpd, gdhgn snfhuh`ofh su`nsds qun nh

pbnhf `dbdhof efhrnprokogd nb gnsfrrdbbd`ubturfb y bf mrfhgnzfohsporfgfs pdr `ubturfsfh`nstrfbns, tfbns `dkd

bds oh`fs.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

38/58

Fspn`tds Oho`ofbns

Ydr nbbd, rnsubtf f vn`ns gojo`obgnspncfr prdjuhgfknhtn nbvnrgfgnrd somhojo`fgd y bdssfanrns gn hunstrds faunbds,puns bf bbnmfgf gn bds nspfdbns

prdgucd hd sdbd uhf okpdso`odh ypnrgogf tnrrotdrofb, sohd tfkaonh bfpnrgogf gnb nsporotu, gn bf jn nh bfpf`efkfkf y bfs gnogfgns.Pdarnvovor somhojo`faf dabomfrsnsnh`obbfknhtn f `dhvnrtorsn f bfjn `ftdbo`f-`rostofhf.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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Fspn`tds Oho`ofbns Poh nkafrmd nstd hd gncf gn kdtovfrhds

f qun hd tdgd jun `dbdhozfgd y qun fuhsn kfhtonhnh vovfs jrfmknhtds gnsfaogurf fhgohf, qun sdbd bf gngo`f`oh yfpbo`f`oh gn uhf `onh`of fhgohf bd pungnrn`upnrfr. Nh nb `fsd gn nstfs`nbnarf`odhns `dkd nb Kf`efq Kfrf, soaonh sn efh punstd `ru`ns, en`ed boturmofsy dtrd topds gn prf`to`fs efh okpunstd fbfs `dkuhogfgns, nb dromnh gnb`dhd`okonhtd nstf gdhgn hohmh punabdohvfsdr pungn soquonrf gnstruor, f hd snrqun snfh nxtrftnrrnstrn. Hds rnjnrokds fb`onbd, fbbo nstf ns`rotd nb dromnh gnb

Kf`efq Kfrf, y ns hn`nsfrod gncfr yf gnbfgd bf omhdrfh`of prdgu`ogf pdr bfpfsovogfg y nb gnsmfhd gn aus`fr yprd`nsfr `dh pfsoh bf ohjdrkf`oh pfrffs rnvohgo`fr nstn f`dhtn`okonhtd.

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Yrnpfrf`oh gn bf Djrnhgf fb Pdb

Nh nstf ns`nhf gnankdsprnpfrfr uhf djrnhgfpfrf qun hunstrf gnogfg`dkd nb Pdb pungf rn`oaory fboknhtfrsn. Nh nstn

`fsd nh bf Ns`unbf gnNsquof prnpfrfkdsprnvofknhtn uhf djrnhgf,gdhgn bds nbnknhtds qun`dhtonhn bf knsf bfs

vfkds gospdhonhgd nh`fgf roh`dh gn nsf knsfy nh bf hd`en bf vnbfkds

Gnspf`ed gn bf Djrnhgf fb Pdb

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Gnspf`ed gn bf Djrnhgf fb Pdb

_f nh nb `nrrdnspnrfhgd qun nb Pdbrntdrhn pfrf pdgnrhunvfknhtn `uaror

`dh sus rfyds y gfrvogf f hunstrf`dkuhogfg, hds td`fgnspf`efr bf djrnhgfy gn nstf jdrkf

fboknhtfr fb Pdb pfrfqun rntdrhn `dh tdgfsu nhnrmf.

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Bds Nkabnkfs Fhgohds

^hds gn bds nkabnkfskfs okpdrtfhtns gnhunstrf `ubturf fykfrfns bf ]opefbf, gnb `ufbef sogd rns`ftfgf punsnh npd`f gn bf `dbdhofjun prdeoaogf, y edy efrnhf`ogd `dh junrzf nhbfs govnrsfs

kfhojnstf`odhnsgnsfrrdbbfgfs pdr tdgfbf zdhf fhgohf gnhunstrd dhtohnhtn

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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@dkpfrtonhgd bf @euspf

Nb rnfbozfr nstn f`td`nrnkdhofb ns gfr

oho`od fb gofbdmd

`dkuhotfrod, gdhgn`fgf konkard gn bf

`dkuhogfg

`dkpfrtn su `euspf

y nstf rdtf`dhtohufknhtn

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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@dkpfrtonhgd bf @euspf

Nb dacntd gn nstngofbdmd ns qun bf

`euspf bbnmun f su

gund, `fgf

pnrsdhf qun rn`oan

bf `euspf sf`f

edcfs gn `d`f y bf

`dhsukn, bunmd

nhvof bf `euspf fdtrd konkard

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@efbbf rotufb gn bf Knsf

Bf `efbbf rotufb, nsuh f`dhtn`okonhtd

qun sn rnfbozf `dh

mrfh jn, bf boaf`oh

sn ef`n gn f pfr,

`dh nb vohd y nb

fb`dedb y sn ef`nnh gorn``odh nh

snhtogd `dhtrf bfs

kfhn`obbfs gn rnbdc,

snhtogd qun

tfkaonh bd

prnsnhtfh bfsmfbfxofs nh nb

jorkfknhtd.

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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@efbbf rotufb gn bf Knsf

Wfkaonh ns

ohtnrnsfhtn

knh`odhfr qun nb

f`td gn `efbbfr nhuh fbtfr sn ef`n `dh

gufbogfg, `ef`ef-wfrko (Edkarn y

kucnr), tonhn uh

somhojo`fgd

okpdrtfhtn nh bf

`dkpbnknhtfrongfg

gn bf `ubturffykfrf.

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Ohvd`fr Wftf ]obblf

Nb f`td gn fmfsfcfr fb sdb ypngor pdr su rntdrhd sn

kfhojonstf nh nstf okfmnh.

Hdtnsn qun bf pdso`odh gn

bfs kfhds nstfh `dh bds

`dgds oh`bohfgds y nh bf

gorn``odh gnb sdb. Nstn f`td

rnjbncf nb `dhtohuk `ubturfb

gn kfs gn 7999 fds,

gdhgn fhtomufs `ubturfs

djrnhgfafh fb sdb pfrf

eukobgnknhtn pngor su

rntdrhd

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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Ohvd`fr Wftf ]obblf

Nstf pfrto`opf`odh sn

ef`n nxtnhsovf f

tdgf bf `dkuhogfg.

Nh nstn `fsd bf

pfrto`opf`odh gn bds

hods dangn`oproh`opfbknhtn f

nstfabn`nr bf prf`to`f

nh nb Nstfabn`okonhtd

gn nstn

f`dhtn`okonhtd y nh

dtdrmfr nb nspf`odpfrf su sd`ofbozf`odh,

pfrf su prdbdhmf`odh

jururf.

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Ohvd`fr Wftf ]obblf

Ydr nbbd nsokpdrtfhtn qun`fgf uhd gn bdshods fgquonrfh`dhd`okonhtd y

pungfh gns`uarorqun nb Kf`efqKfrf ns uhfjnstovogfg qunmufrgf ku`ef jn ygofbdmd `dh bds

snrns hfturfbns3Yf`efkfkf, Wftf]obblf

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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Ohvd`fr Wftf ]obblf

BdsFpdgnrfgdssdh f`tdrnsokpdrtfhtns nhprd`nsd gnrn`upnrf`odh`ubturfb y fpdydnh bf prf`to`ffh`nstrfb

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

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Ohvd`fr Wftf ]obblf

Pu pfrto`opf`oh`dhtroauyn f qunbds fbukhdspungfh

rn`dhd`nr ynstfrjfkobofrozfgd nhnbNstfabn`okonhtd

gn nstdsf`dhtn`okonhtdstfh prdpods gnhunstrf `ubturf

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Qnmrnsd gn ]obblf (Wftotf Pdb)Fuhqunnxf`tfknhtnnb Pdb sfbn pdrnb edrozdhtn fbfs =309 fk,nh fbmuhdsbumfrns sunspnrf pungn

vfrofr gnf`unrgd f bfuao`f`oh gnfbtfr`nrnkdhofb,pugohgdsnrntrfzfrsn bf

bbnmfgf f bfs5399 efstf bfs?399 fk.

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Qnmrnsd gn ]obblf (Wftotf Pdb)

Bf rn`np`oh gnnstf nhnrmf

sdbfr ns kuy

okpdrtfhtn pfrf

bf `dkuhogfg,

puns nb sdb nstf

nh `fkohd gn or yvdbvnr

hunvfknhtn, nh

nstn `fsd nb sdb f

pfrtor gnb 16 gn

Cuhod efstf nb 10

Cuhod, nstf nh uhprd`nsd gn

rntdrhd, bd qun

nxpbo`f bf

`ufgrfturf gn bds

`o`bds.

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Qnmrnsd gn ]obblf (Wftotf Pdb)

Ns bdmo`d qun nh bf`nrnkdhof gnb

Kf`efq Kfrf nstn

prnsnhtn nb

nkabnkf qun hds

ognhtojo`f `dkd

punabd. Ns bfwopefbf y su

ognhtojo`f`odh

rnmodhfb, nb

Ldbbfsuyu, bf rnmodh

kfs mrfhgn gnb

okpnrod oh`f, y nh nb`ufb hunstrd rnmodh

fro`f y pfrohf`dtf

nstf gnhtrd.

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Qnmrnsd gn ]obblf (Wftotf Pdb)

Bf Pfaog rf Frq ndfstrdhdko`f

8/12/2019 MACHAQ MARA 2014, LA SABIDURIA ASTRONOMICA DE NUESTROS ABUELOS

56/58

Bf Pfaogurf Frqundfstrdhdko`f

gn bds Faunbds

Edy gof pdgnkds vnr `dhnxf`totug, tdgd bd qunhunstrds fhtnpfsfgds`dhtfafh f trfvns gn

`unhtds y rnbftds sdarnbfs nstrnbbfs y gn `kdnsd nrf pfrtn gn sus vogf.Pdjosto`fgfs Enrrfkonhtfs

ohjdrkto`fs rnvnbfh bfprn`osoh gn bfsdasnrvf`odhns

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@dh`busodhns Johfbns

Yfrf datnhnr `fbogfg gn ngu`f`oh nh nb sombdUUO, sn gnanh pbfhtnfr trfhsjdrkf`odhnsprdjuhgfs nh nb kdgnbd ngu`ftovd f`tufb, gdhgnsn oh`drpdrn bf nhsnfhzf gn bf `ubturf fykfrf,afsfgd nh nstugods fkpbods gn bf @dskdvosodh

Fhgohf. Bf tnkto`f gnb Kf`efq Kfrf ns uhmrfh puhtd gn pfrtogf.

Nb `dkprnhgnr nb somhojo`fgd gnb Kf`efq Kfrf d

]obblf Luto, `dhbbnvf f rn`dhd`nr bds`dhd`okonhtds prn`osds qun nstfabn`onrdhhunstrds faunbds f`nr`f gn bf Fstrdhdkf

Fhgohf,y qun edy mrf`ofs f enrrfkonhtfstn`hdbmo`fs sn pungn gfr tnstokdhod gn su mrfh

prn`osoh y pfsoh pdr bf vogf nh bds Fhgns.

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@dh`busodhns Johfbns

Ns gnanr gn tdgds hdsdtrds fpdyfr nbnstugod y jdrtfbn`okonhtd gn bf `ubturf

fhgohf y su okpbnknhtf`oh nh bfs

Ns`unbfs, nh Yrdyn`tds gn Ohvnstomf`oh`dh ognhtogfg y Gnsfrrdbbd Pd`ofb,

N`dhko`d y Wn`hdbdm`d. Okpubsfr

hunvfs mnhnrf`odh pfrf qun `dhtohnhohvnstomfhgd y gnsfrrdbbnh sfaogurf sdarn

nb `dhd`okonhtd gn bf `ubturf.