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SUSTAINABILITY OF TWO-YEAR HIGHER
EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN PENNSYLVANIA
“Weathering the Storm“
Presentation for MBA 592 Dr. Jennifer Edmonds December 6, 2016
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Will Robinson –
Neumann University – 1999 - 2003 Board of Advisors – Graduate Business School
Delaware Military Academy –2001- 2008 Founding Board Chair
Pennsylvania Institute of Technology – 2011 - Chair – Board of Trustees
Welcome & Thank You
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64 - FOR PROFIT PROPRIETARY SCHOOLS- 26,013
17 - COMMUNITY COLLEGES – 133,737
15 - NON-PROFIT JUNIOR COLLEGES- 8,045
Pennsylvania 2016
2014 – about 165,000 7.9% of Pennsylvania Population hold an associates degree
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Proprietary Two Year Institutions
Average age – 25.09 Male 25.88 FemaleExamples – Chubb, ITT, McCann, Johnson Technical InstituteCambria-Rowe College & School of Technology (13)
July 2016 – Department of Education Ceased to recognize –Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools
FOR PROFIT PROPRIETARY SCHOOLS- 26,013
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17 -COMMUNITY COLLEGES 133,737Families of less than $40K make up 35% of CC studentsOften first in their families to attend collegeTypically younger – just out of high schoolAverage net tuition is $6,600 / yearLower achieving high school graduatesHarrisburg Area CC = 19,121 studentsSubsidized by local governments
Most credits transferable to a 4 year college
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15 - NON-PROFIT JUNIOR COLLEGES-8,045
Average tuition for a two-year nonprofit college is $19,167Smaller classes than CCs –mentoring, counseling, advising
Examples:Harcum, Lackawana, Manor, Pennsylvania Institute of Tech.Typically open admissions
Middle States Commission on Higher Education accreditation
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Challenges for Two Year Colleges•Retention•Chronic Financial Distress•Little or no endowment•Economic Equilibrium•No research funding•Deep discounting•Alumni gifting•Open Admissions• Few dormitories
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Challenges for Two Year Colleges•Retention•Chronic Financial Distress•Little or no endowment•Economic Equilibrium•No research funding•Deep discounting•Alumni gifting•Open Admissions• Few dormitories
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Chronic Financial Distress
Composite Financial Index (CFI) Ratios – the life or death of a college
CFI–Financial Rating System that U.S. Dept. of Education uses to calculate the eligibility of colleges to receive student aid funds
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Composite Financial Index – 4 RatiosPrimary Ratio = net assets / total operating expenses – minimum 0.4Net Income Ratio = operating surplus / divided by operating income (2% to 4%
Return on Net Assets = change in net assets divided by net assets at the beginning of the year (3% to 4%)Viability Ratio = net assets / total long term debt (1.2-2.0)
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Two Year Colleges versus - Tuition for Wilkes University's bachelor's degrees in business is $15,432 per academic year.Luzerne County Community College - $6,642Safe entrance portal for underachieversTeaching focusAgile curriculum development
Slightly higher institutional commitment vs social
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Pennsylvania Institute of Technology SurveyTwo Year MSCHE accredited institutionCampuses in Media, Pa and Center City Philadelphia466 Students – Survey sent to + Amazon $5 card43 responses
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Add a Slide Title - 5
25.6%
20.9%20.9%
11.6%
9.3%2.3%
9.3%What is your age?
18 to 21 22 to 25 26 to 29 30 to 33
34 to 37 40 to 45 46 or older
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48.8%25.6%
2.3%4.7%
9.3%9.3%
How likely are you to continue attending Pennsylvania Institute
of Technology next term?
Extremely likely Very likely
Somewhat likely Not so likely
Not at all likely I will be graduating
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39.5%
27.9%
16.3%
4.7%11.6%
How likely are you to rec-ommend Pennsylvania Insti-tute of Technology to oth-
ers?
Extremely likely Very likely
Somewhat likely Not so likely
Not at all likely
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32.6%
34.9%11.6%
9.3%4.7%
7.0%Overall, are you satisfied with your
experience at Pennsylvania Institute of Technology?
Extremely satisfied
Very satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Extremely dissatisfied
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Sustainability Solutions
Merge or become branch location of a 4 year college
Court local employers/industries for specialized programs
Certificate Programs
Facility Sharing
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Questions ? Concerns? Comments?
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ReferencesAlemu, B. (2015). Integrating ICT into Teaching-learning Practices: Promise, Challenges and Future Directions of Higher Education Institutes. Universal Journal of Educational
Research, 170-189.
Beattie, J., Thornton, B., Laden, R., & Brackett, D. (2013). 21st Century ChallengesinHigher Education: Strategic Changes and Unintended Consequences. NCPEA International
Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 62-71.
Benner, J., Connelly-Weda, C., Ford, W., & Beem, C. (2015). Misery Loves Company: Our Regional Two-Year College Assessment Consortium. Assessment Update, 8-11.
Benner, J., Ford, W., & Beem, C. (2013). It Takes a Regional Village: The Eastern Pa Two-YearCollege Assessment Consortium. Middle States Commission on Higher Education
Annual Conference. Montclair, N.J.: MSCHE.
Carey, k. (2014, 07 03). Corinthian College is Closing. Its Students may be Better Off as a Result. Retrieved from The New York Times - The Upshot:
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/03/upshot/corinthian-colleges-is-closing-its-students-may-be-better-off-as-a-result.html
Community Colleges in Pennsylvania. (2016, 10 10). Retrieved from US News Education: http://www.usnews.com/education/community-colleges/pennsylvania
Crawford, B. (2003). 21st Century Learning Outcomes Project. The Journal of General Education, 266-282.
(2014). Education - Junior Colleges NAICS 611210. Philadelphia: Risk Management Associates. Retrieved from Risk Management Associates.
Farmer, E., & O'Lawrence, H. (2002). Differences in Characteristics of Postsecondary Technical Studies In Pennsylvania Community Colleges and Two-Year Proprietary Institutions.
Journal of Career and Technical Education, 41-52.
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ReferencesHammons, J. (1975). Systems Orientation ot a Systems College. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 521-525.
Howley, C., Johnson, J., Passa, A., & Uekawa, K. (2014). College Enrollment and Persistence in rural Pennsylvania Schools. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Education Sciences.
Islam, N., Beer, M., & Slack, F. (2015). E-Learning Challenges Faced by Academics in Higher Education. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 102-112.
Lightweis, S. (2014). The Challenges, Persistence, and Success of White, Working-Class First-Generation College Students. College Student Journal, 461-467.
Linder, K., Fontaine-Rainen, D., & Behling, K. (2015). Whose Job is it? Key Challenges and future directions for online accessibility US Institutions of Higher Education. Open
Learning, 21-34.
Maher, M., & Macallister, H. (2013). Retention and Attrition of Students in Higher Education: Challenges in Modern Times to What Works. Higher Education Studies, 62-73.
Martin, J. (2013). Turnaround: Leading Stressed Colleges and Universities to Excellence. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
Mastroni, J., & Schwartz, C. (1998). Planning Comprehensively and Implementing Incrementally in an Age of Tightening Budgets. In A. Cohen, New Directions for Community
Colleges (pp. 49-58). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
McFarlane, D. (2010). Teaching Unmotivated and Under-motivated College Students: Problems, Challenges, and Considerations. College Quarterly, 1-5.
McGee, P., & Reis, A. (2012). Blended Course Design: A Synthesis of Best Practices. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7-22.
Nunley, C., & O'Keefe, K. (2007). Community Colleges: What You Don't Know May Surprise You. Journal of College Admission, 2-5.
Retention in Pennsylvania Two-Year Colleges. (2014, 9 26). U.S. News & World Report.
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References.
Selingo, J. (2016, 7 5). How We Can Make Higher Education Great Again. Retrieved from Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-we-can-make-higher-education-great-again-
jeff-selingo
Skari, L. (2014). Community College Alumni: Predicting Who Gives. Community College Review, 23-40.
Statista. (n.d.).
Strauss, L., & Volkwein, J. (2004). Predictors of Student Commitment at Two-Year and Four-Year Institutions. The Journal of Higher Education, 203-226.
Townsley, M. (2002). The Small College Guide to Financial Health - Beating the Odds. Washington, D.C.: National Association of College and University Business Officers.
Townsley, M. (2009). Small College Guide Weathering Turbulent Times. Washington, D.C.: National Association of College and University Business Officers.
Townsley, M. (2014). Financial Strategy for Higher Education. Raleigh: Lulu Publishing.
Wild, L., & Ebbers, L. (2002). Rethinking Student Retention in Community Colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 503-519.