Mente, cultura y evolución Suplemento_46

8/2/2019 Mente, cultura y evolucin Suplemento_46

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Uoejc`uC`tncwclymwo{~u inunwy~u


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Gocy {no{`n Mofo fnlu{woctoiow~f


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lijen

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Aou @~ju Tnwc Eowyu

:Mofo uc{jnlu&infnlu1

Eof{`najici, Nto`~ejl z Eof{owycfjnlyo]cgjnw @jqcwwcbc Ew~emcbc

3:Nto`~ejl, e~`y~wc z eof{`najici

D`ownlen Wounfgnwb Unjnw

95Fnlyn z e~`y~wc1 Nfnwbnlejc#

Aou @~ju Tnwc Eowyu

>5@c fnlyn owjbjlciowc in nloyj{ou

[j`cw Emjc{{c

4>Bnlnu, Fnfnu z Nto`~ejl M~fclc

Wc` B~yjwwnq @ofgcwio

25Unj`nw, [njwen z n` owjbnl in` `nlb~can

Fnweninu Yc{jc Gnwwl

53^l {wjfcyn eol c{nyjyo n{juyfjeo

[nluclio `c nto`~ejl m~fclc eol M~fn z Go`ytjljhC~wc @ [olen in @nl


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cen c`b~lou cou ecz nl fju fclou ~l `jgwo in Nuyngcl Hwoyq iolin cw&

fcgc s~n n` nto`~ejoljufo mcgc ujio `c ljec cun {cwcijbfyjec c ò `cwboin `c mjuyowjc in `c clywo{oòbc [ow unw clywo{òbo ujeo in owfcejl gujecfn {cwnej ~lc cwfcejl in` yoio lowfc`, eoluejnlyn in` {c{n` s~n `c ynowcnto`~yjtc inunf{n z cl ò mcen nl `cu n}{`jecejolnu uogwn `c ijtnwujici ujecin `cu {og`cejolnu m~fclcu

Lo oguyclyn, c {wnynlijic ~ljici in` eoloejfjnlyo clywo{o`bjeo, ijemc cen{&ycejl in` {nlucfjnlyo nto`~ejoljuyc nl oywou fgjyou in c clywo{oòbc ijuyc inunw `c fjufc s~n nl fj ijuej{`jlc in owjbnl

Nl f`yj{`nu eoltnwucejolnu eol eo`nbcu in `cu infu ijuej{`jlcu clywo{o`&bjecu mn ogunwtcio lo uò ~lc jlijnwnlejc c òu {`clyncfjnlyou nto`~yjtou ujlo

nl f~emou ecuou ~l tnwicinwo wnemcqo c òu fjufou, gcao `c cwb~fnlycejl in òs~n nl u~ fofnlyo ~nwol òu ~uou z cg~uou in ò s~n c fj a~jejo ~n ~lc fc`cjlynw{wnycejl in` {nlucfjnlyo nto`~ejoljuyc c{`jecio c` ecf{o in o uoejc`

Uj gjnl nu ejnwyo s~n `c ``cfcic wnto`~ejl icwrjljuyc ~n yc` {ows~n ywcuenl&ij n` ecf{o in `cu ijuej{`jlcu lcy~wc`juycu nl `cu s~n ~n bnuycic, moz {ow mozmcg`cfou in ~lc ynowc s~n yjnln c` fnlou iou ujbòu in n}juynlejc z s~n eofou~ {wo{jo oganyo in nuy~ijo un mc ywcluowfcio mcuyc bnlnwcw owfcu lotnioucuijnwnlejcicu in `cu s~n `n ijnwol owjbnl [cwc n` {w}jfo co in 7;;: eolfn&fowcwnfou n` 7;; cljtnwucwjo in` lcejfjnlyo in Emcw`nu Icwrjl z in `c {~g`j&ecejl inDjòuoc qoo`bjec in ~lo in òu ~liciownu in` {nlucfjnlyo nto`~yjtofoinwlo1 Ancl Gc{yjuyn @cfcweh, cu eofo n` 3>; cljtnwucwjo in c {~g`jecejl in

N` owjbnl in `cu nu{nejnu, in Emcw`nu Icwrjl, tnwicinwo {cwyncb~cu nl `c mjuyowjcin` nto`~ejoljufo

Cu {~nu, `c ynowc nto`~yjtc foinwlc lo nu `c fjufc s~n un jleow{ow c òu{`clyncfjnlyou in `c clywo{oòbc e~`y~wc` in lc`nu in` ujbò ]J], lj ujs~jnwc `cfjufc s~n i~wclyn `c iecic in òu ejle~nlyc in` ujbò {cucio un ~ujol eol `cclywo{oòbc gjo`bjec {cwc eolowfcw ò s~n Umnwrooi Rcumg~wl ``cf `c L~ntcClywo{oòbc Dujec

C {wjlej{jou in` ujbò ]]J s~ ownen n` {nlucfjnlyo nto`~ejoljuyc c c clywo&{oòbc nl bnlnwc`?

Fjnlywcu s~n `c clywo{oòbc ujec eolynf{owlnc lo {~nin {wnuejlijw in `cu`yjfcu ynlinlejcu in` nto`~ejoljufo8 unwc ecuj jf{nlucg`n nlynlinw u~u `yjfcuwndn}jolnu ujl `c nlowfn jld~nlejc in `c gjoòbc fo`ne~`cw, `c neoòbc in {og`c&ejolnu z `c yc}olofc foinwlc

Nl ecfgjo fn {cwnen s~n oywcu wncu in `c clywo{oòbc uol {wo~licfnlynjlijnwnlynu c `cu wndn}jolnu in` foinwlo nto`~ejoljufo uogwn `c jlynwceejlbnlofc cfgjnlyn8 n` owjbnl in òu m~fclou clcyfjecfnlyn foinwlou, òu {`cl&yncfjnlyou in `c {ujeoòbc nto`~yjtc wnu{neyo in` eof{owycfjnlyo m~fclo ojle`~uo uogwn `cu {wo{~nuycu uogwn n` eolen{yo in e~`y~wc z n` owjbnl in `c fjufcmnemou {ow `c {wjfcyoòbc e~`y~wc` ac{olnuc mcen fu in ejle~nlyc cou o `c

[wnunlycejl

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{wo{~nuyc uogwn òu fnfnu eofo {cs~nynu in jlowfcejl e~`y~wc` clòbou c òu

bnlnu mnemc {ow n` cfouo Wjemcwi IcrhjluLo ewno s~n un ywcyn in nuycw in ce~nwio eol yoiou òu {`clyncfjnlyou fnlejo&

lciou, {nwo u eoloenwòu {cwc jleow{owcw c`b~lcu in u~u {wo{~nuycu o {cwc, ~lctnq clc`jqciou inunemcwòu uj cu un eolujinwc lnenucwjo @c {now {ouy~wc wnu{neyoin `c {wnb~lyc uogwn s~ nu {now, `c jblowclejc o `c jlijnwnlejc nu lo un lj fnjf{owyc

Eol nuycu wndn}jolnu nl fnlyn, ~l bw~{o in eo`nbcu {woeninlynu in tcwjcuijuej{`jlcu, lo uò clywo{o`bjecu, inejijfou c jljejou in 7;;> eoluyjy~jw n` Unfj&lcwjo [nwfclnlyn uogwn Clywo{oòbc z Nto`~ejl z wn~ljwlou, eol n` c{ozo in `cEoowijlcejl Lcejolc` in Clywo{oòbc in` Jluyjy~yo Lcejolc` in Clywo{oòbc n

Mjuyowjc, ~lc tnq c` fnu nl u~u jluyc`cejolnuS~ {oiwc wnu~`ycw in `c jlynwceejl in clywo{òbou uoejc`nu, cws~nòbou,`jlbjuycu, clywo{òbou ujeou, gjòbou, fijeou, ùoou z {ujeòbou jlynwnuc&iou nl n` {nlucfjnlyo nto`~ejoljuyc? [wolyo lou ijfou e~nlyc s~n ~l eola~lyoujuynfyjeo in ecynbowcu u~wbcl nl `cu jlynlucu ijue~ujolnu s~n fnu eol fnuwnc`jqgcfou Nl f~emcu oecujolnu uò un jlynly eof{cwyjw ~l `nlb~can eofls~n, ingjio c `c ijtnwujici in {woeninlejcu {wonujolc`nu wnu~`y nl ~l {wjlej{jo{wog`nfyjeo

@cu ecynbowcu nl ijueowijc wnu~`ycwol, c`b~lcu in n``cu enlywc`nu in` {nluc&fjnlyo clywo{o`bjeo, oywcu lo @c jlynwceejl nlywn `c lcy~wc`nqc z `c e~`y~wc8`c {wnb~lyc uogwn `c {nwyjlnlejc uogwn n` owjbnl in yc` jlynwceejl, `c e~`y~wc z

u~ owjbnl8 `c fnlyn, `c eolejnlejc z n` owjbnl in cfgcu8 `c nu{nejejici m~fclcin `c e~`y~wc, n` `nlb~can, u~ owjbnl z nto`~ejl8 `c lcy~wc`nqc m~fclc8 `c ln~wo&ujoòbc8 `c fnfowjc o n` eof{owycfjnlyo, mcl ujio inuin nlyolenu oganyo inijue~ujl

Inu{~u in iou cou z fnijo in jlynlucu ijue~ujolnu inejijfou wnc`jqcw ~lnanwejejo eo`neyjto iolin ecic s~jnl n}{~ujnwc u~ {oujejl eol wnu{neyo c òuynfcu in jlynwu in` unfjlcwjo Cu, eol n` c{ozo in `c Eoowijlcejl Lcejolc` inClywo{oòbc in` JLCM, òu {cuciou 37 z 35 in a~`jo lou wn~ljfou nl Yc}eo, B~n&wwnwo nl ò s~n ceowicfou ``cfcw[wjfnw Eoòs~jo Fnlyn, e~`y~wc z nto`~ejl

@cu ujb~jnlynu wndn}jolnu uol uò ~lc {ns~nc un`neejl in òu ywcgcaou {wn&unlyciou z f~nuywcl ~l {clowcfc uogwn `cu ynfyjecu inucwwo``cicu

Nuycg`nenw eclc`nu in eof~ljecejl nlywn cu ijnwnlynu wncu in c clywo{oò&bc z nlywn ijtnwucu ijuej{`jlcu mc ujio ~lo in òu oganyjtou enlywc`nu in l~nuywounfjlcwjo Nu{nwcfou s~n `c {~g`jecejl in nuyou ywcgcaou nl n` U~{`nfnlyo inIjcwjo in ecf{o bnlnwn jlynwu c òu eo`nbcu in` bwnfjo clywo{o`bjeo z {oicfou{nlucw c` nto`~ejoljufo eofo ~lc ynowc s~n c`bo yjnln s~n inejwlou eol wnu&{neyo c louoywou z in òu oywou, `cgow u~uyclyjtc in `c clywo{oòbc

Aou @~ju Tnwc Eowyu

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Ynf{nwcyn rooi`cli&irn``nwMofo tjwb~`yju cgwjecy~u


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Ynf{nwcyn rooi`cli&irn``nwMofo tjwb~`yju cgwjecy~u


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Mofo uc{jnlu ~n ~l jltnlyo ijnejoemnueo, s~n jlynlycgc {olnw `cu eoucunl u~ `~bcw1 inacw in tnwlou eofo ~lc ewncejl c jfcbnl z unfnaclqc in ~l

Ijou, z ~gjecwlou eofo ~l cljfc` fu {nwo e`cwo, eofo ~l cljfc` ucgjo[nwuolc`fnlyn lo tno `c wcql in s~n uò n` cljfc` m~fclo unc e`cuj&

ecio eol n` cianyjto uc{jnlu, {~nu ijemo ec`jecyjto, o gjnl lou s~nic mo`&bcio z ingn unw fcyjqcio, o gjnl ingnwcfou eof{cwyjwò eol oywcu f~emcunu{nejnu Yc` tnq cfgou {wnu~{~nuyou uol t`jiou

Ynlnfou s~n fcyjqcw ò in uc{jnlu, icio s~n uofou ~lc nu{nejn eoll~fnwoucu ingj`jicinu ujecu z lo nu wcwo s~n, {ow ~l `cio, lou mcbcfou~nwynu fnijclyn òu {woi~eyou in l~nuywc {cwyje~`cw ucgji~wc, z {ow oywo,lou to`tcfou nl eolywc l~nuywc z ingj`jynfou eol l~nuywo mcenw uc{jnlyj&qcio l~nuywc zc in {ow u igj` wnc`jici gjo`bjec @c l~nuywc nu ~lc nu{nejnin nuyjw{n nling`n z yoio c{~lycgc c s~n ecwnec in ~y~wo nto`~yjto, {nwoòbw uogwntjtjw n jle`~uo jf{olnwun c ljtn` {`clnycwjo, bwcejcu c u~ eof&{owycfjnlyo ewncyjto e~`y~wc` [nwo nuc fjufc e~`y~wc yjnln wcubou s~ninugowicl `c loejl in ucgji~wc, nl yclyo s~n wcql z fnu~wc

[ow oywc {cwyn, {jnluo s~n yoio cljfc` yjnln u~ ujlb~`cw ucgji~wc, u~{cwyje~`cw ec{cejici z foic`jici in ucgnw, in wneoloenw, in jinlyjecwyclyo c oywou in u~ fjufc nu{nejn eofo c `cu ijtnwucu z ecfgjclynu wnc&`jicinu s~n eolb~wcl u~ nlyowlo {cwyje~`cw @ou cljfc`nu {~ninl icwune~nlyc in ò {w}jfo z ò `naclo, in ò s~n `nu bnlnwc {`cenw z ò s~n `nu{wotoec iju{`cenw, {~ninl n`nbjw z inejijwf~emcu in u~u ceejolnu, cu eofoycfgjl {~ninl cguynlnwun in cey~cw3 @c ucgji~wc ingnfou {nlucw`ceofo e~c`jici jlmnwnlyn c` eof{owycfjnlyo cljfc` yoio, nl `c fnijic nls~n u~{oln ~lc ec{cejici in cey~cw z in wn`cejolcwun in f~z ijtnwucu fcln&

wcu eol `cu eoucu, eol ò oywo eol n` c~nwc Cu, {oinfou eolujinwcw s~n,

Mofo uc{jnlu&infnlu1

Eof{`najici, Nto`~ejl z Eof{owycfjnlyo

]cgjnw @jqcwwcbc Ew~emcbc!

Nu yoictc n` cljfc` n` s~n, nl n` mofgwn, un wnmuc c lo unw ujlo ~l cljfc`

Ancl Wouycli1 N` mofgwn z `c tjic

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! N` fcnuywo ]cgjnw @jqcwwcbc Ew~emcbc nu jltnuyjbciow in `c Ijwneejl in Clywo&{oòbc Dujec in` JLCM z nu c~yow in` `jgwo ^lc mjuyowjc uoejoe~`y~wc` in `c mofo&un}~c`jici

3 Djlc`fnlyn, n` cguynlnwun in cey~cw ycfgjl nu ~lc owfc in eof{owycfjnlyo1`c cguyjlnlejc jf{`jec ~lc yofc in inejujl -eoluejnlyn o jleoluejnlyn, nl `cfnijic nl s~n `c {cw`juju {~nin unw ~lc wnu{~nuyc*


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ucgjou uol òu ògou, s~n bnlnwcl nuywcynbjcuin ecqc nl bw~{o z un owbcljqcl {cwc enlywcwu~ cynlejl nl ~lc {oujg`n teyjfc nl {cwyje~&`cw8 ucgjou z ewncyjtou òu yjòlowwjleou, s~newncl n`cgowcicu gcunu in cywceejl {cwc `cu

mnfgwcu, ciowlclio ~l nu{cejo eol {jniwcu,downu, moacu, wcfcu z e~clyo oganyo nle~nl&ywcl, s~n `nu wnu~`yn cywceyjto8 ucgjou cs~n`òuwn{yj`nu o {nenu s~n un nlyjnwwcl nl `c cwnlc{cwc ecf~dcancwun z ec{y~wcw c u~u {wnucuz cu, mcuyc ejnlyo7

[nwo nlyolenu s~ lou mcen ijuyjlyou?Nu lnenucwjo {wnejucw cu ujlb~`cwjicinu in

`c ucgji~wc in l~nuywc nu{nejn z eolujinwcw`cu {`~wc`nu ecwceynwuyjecu z e~c`jicinu in ounuenlcwjou nl s~n òu jlijtji~ou lou n}{wn&ucfou z inucwwo``cfou c ò `cwbo in `c tjicDjlc`fnlyn, lo ingnfou {nlucw n` nlyowloeofo ~lc wnc`jici ac, jlftj` z eoluyclyn,eofo ~l nuenlcwjo yncywc` {wnnuycg`nejio,ujlo eofo ~l nu{cejo ecfgjclyn z cfgjnlyc&g`n {ow n` fjufo tjtjw in òu jlijtji~ou z s~nceyc ijwneycfnlyn, {ow ò fnlou c ljtn` inòu nloyj{ou, uogwn òu owbcljufou 5

Eofo yoio cljfc`, n` {wjfcyn m~fcloyjnln ~lc ucgji~wc fnijcic {ow `c ynlinlejceof{owycfnlyc` c` mnioljufo, {ow `c gu&s~nic in` gjnlnuycw8 {nwo c ijnwnlejc in oywcu

nu{nejnu, c ucgji~wc in` m~fclo inugowic cwcql, nl `c fnijic nl s~n wnu{olin c ~lc

ynlinlejc eof{owycfnlyc` c `c inufnu~wc, c`c gus~nic jle`~uo in ò jlcèclqcg`n9 incm, {ow nanf{ò, òu l~fnwouou wjy~c`nu inucewc`jqcejl, `c ecwwnwc cwfcfnlyjuyc z yne&lo`bjec, z òu clcyjufou s~n un mcl icio nl

ijtnwuou fofnlyou in `c mjuyowjc in cm, òuywclu{`clynu in wbclou z òu tjcanu nu{cejc&`nu

Cmowc gjnl, ~lc in `cu fu jf{owyclynuecwceynwuyjecu in ujlb~`cwjici in `c ucgji~&wc m~fclc un mc``c nl `c ec{cejici in ujblj&ecw z wnujbljecw`cu eoucu, òu fofnlyou, òu`~bcwnu n jle`~uo `cu {wo{jcu nfoejolnu8 cueofo `c {oujgj`jici in icw unlyjio c `cu eoucuz ujy~cejolnu8 `c ec{cejici in ujfgo`jqcwz inbnlnwcw jfbnlnu fnlyc`nu fnijclyn fnycowj&qcejolnu, s~n ycfgjl intjnlnl nl `c bnln&wcejl in unlyjfjnlyou n jle`~uo {cujolnu1unlyjfjnlyou nl inufnu~wc Yoio n`ò, {oujgj&`jyc `c ec{cejici in òu jlijtji~ou in ujblj&ecwun z wnujbljecwun c u fjufou -ò s~n lou{nwfjyn bnlnwcw ~lc clywo{oòbc*

Eofo e~c`s~jnw cljfc`, n` {wjfcynm~fclo yjnln ~l {oynlejc` in c{wnlmnlujlin ò s~n `n woinc, {nwo cinfu {ounn `c ec{c&ejici in foijecw ecuj yoyc`fnlyn n` nlyowlofu o fnlou jlfnijcyo {cwc u~ gnlnejo, zin c{wnmnlinwun z foijecwun c u fjufo

Nun iog`n {oynlejc` {nwfjyn ~lc {`~wc`jici inwnu{~nuycu jllotciowcu z lo lnenucwjcfnlyn

3;

]cgjnw @jqcwwcbc Ew~emcbc

7 Yc` tnq c`b~lcu in nucu n}{wnujolnu in ucgji~wc uol jluyjlyjtcu, fjnlywcu s~n oywcu wnu{olinl c c{wnl&ijqcanu - ò s~n ycfgjl u~{oln nluczo z nwwow*

5 Tcun Do`ciowj, B~j``nwfo, 7;;;9 Tcun @jqcwwcbc, ]cgjnw, 7;;7

Gcgoohcwju, folo in` l~nto f~lio cic{ycio c `cu {`cljejnu cfcqljecu


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eoijecicu, nl ò {cwyje~`cw, {ow inynwfjlc&iou bnlnu @c ucgji~wc cljfc`, in c`b~lcfclnwc, {nwfjyn n` uc`yo in ò gjo`bjeo c òewncyjto, z {ow ò fjufo, `jgnwc c` cljfc` inc`b~lcu cyci~wcu gjo`bjecu

[ow oywc {cwyn, ejnwycu e~c`jicinu cis~jwj&icu {ow nto`~ejl, `n {nwfjyjnwol c` {wjfcynm~fclo ~lc bwcl {`cuyjejici eof{owycfnl&yc`, s~n cf{`jcwol u~u {oujgj`jicinu in cic{&ycejl {jnluo, {ow nanf{ò nl u~ e~c`jiciofltowc, s~n lou cgwn fu c` f~lio, il&iolou `c o{owy~ljici in c{wotnemcw z ijuw~&ycw f~emou jlbwnijnlynu in` nlyowlo, ò s~ncf{`j eofo cgcljeo l~nuywcu {wogcgj`jicinuin u~{nwtjtnlejc Fu cl e~clio, c ywctuin `c ucgji~wc uofou ec{cenu in ijtnwujecwl~nuywou fnlu c` eoejlcw òu c`jfnlyou, {wj&fnwo culioòu z eoejlioòu, z {ouynwjow&fnlyn wjnlio z mowlnclio, fcenwlioòu zcm~flioòu>

Nl yclyo s~n cljfc` jls~jujyjto z ewnc&iow in u~u {wo{jou cfgjnlynu, cu eofo inn}ynlujolnu in u fjufo -`cun1 ~ynluj&`jou, mnwwcfjnlycu z owyo{nijcu*, n` {wjfcynm~fclo yjnln wnu{~nuycu s~n tcl fu c`` inòu jluyjlyou z s~n un tnl nlwjs~nejicu {owc{wnlijqcanu n jltnlyjtcu, c{wotnemclio `cu{`~wc`nu e~c`jicinu in` nlyowlo8 ~l nlyowlo

s~n jle`~zn wcubou z {wnu~{~nuyou uoejoe~`y~&wc`nu, s~n u~{oln fnlyc`jicinu mjuywjecu njle`~uo foicu ywclujyowjcu

N` nlyowlo in ~l bw~{o o jlijtji~o nu ~lnu{cejo iju{oujejolc` in {oujgj`jicinu, nl n`s~n yoio nu ijlfjeo z ecfgjclyn, {ows~njle`~zn `c {wnunlejc in oywou unwnu tjtou,in `c fjufc z in ijuyjlyc nu{nejn, cu eofonu u~uen{yjg`n in {nwy~wgcejolnu fnynwno`&bjecu z, nl n` ecuo m~fclo, in wnto`~ejolnue~`y~wc`nu In cm s~n l~nuywcu wnu{~nu&ycu z eoli~eycu nuyl fnijcicu z ujblj&ecicu {ow eolyn}you uoejc`nu n mjuywjeouL~nuywo eof{owycfjnlyo yoio nuy yn}y~wj&qcio z unfclyjqcio {ow ~lc {`~wc`jici injinoòbcu z ewnnlejcu, {ow ujbljecejolnu zujfgo`jqcejolnu, cu eofo {ow unlucejolnuz nfoejolnu Nl oywcu {c`cgwcu, l~nuywcueoli~eycu z wnu{~nuycu ingnl {nlucwun eol&yn}y~c`jqcicu {ow z nl ~l nlyowlo uoejoe~`y~&wc` nl n` s~n n}juynl l~fnwouou wnnwnlynu,s~n eolijejolcl o fnijcl `c fclnwc nl s~n{nwejgjfou `c wnc`jici, z {ow nlin, nl efo

cey~cfou L~nuywc ucgji~wc {cwnen mcenw&lou j`jfjycg`nfnlyn {ùyjeou, cgjnwyou c `clotnici z c bnlnwcw jllotcejolnu, unlujg`nuc `c uow{wnuc z c` cqcw, c` c`nc z c òu ecfgjouuoejc`nu

33

Mofo uc{jnlu&infnlu1 Eof{`najici, Nto`~ejl z Eof{owycfjnlyo

> [cwc {wo~lijqcw nl n` ynfc in efo `c eoejlc yofc {cwyn in` {woenuo in m~fcljqcejl inMofo, tcunEowil, Dc~uyjlo, 3:=3

N` ioun` cwgwno ^l f~lio in {`clnciownu, ywn{ciownu zeo`bclynu


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@c ucgji~wc in` cljfc` m~fclo lo uònu {woi~eyo in ~l intnljw nto`~yjto z olyo&bnlyjeo, in ecweynw gjo`bjeo, ujlo ycfgjlin ~l intnljw eof{owycfnlyc` n mjuywjeo,s~n fnijc, fcyjqc, yn}y~wjqc n jle`~uo eol&

b~wc òu cmowcu z òu fcclcu, òu nu{cejouz fofnlyou nl s~n un icl òu fotjfjnl&you in` jlijtji~o o in` bw~{o @c eof{`naj&ici in l~nuywcu eoyjijclnjicinu z intnljwnujf{wjfn wcubou z e~c`jicinu c `cu eoucu, c òunu{cejou z c òu u~enuou, cu eofo c l~nuywcu{oujgj`jicinu in {nwejgjw, wnu{olinw z cey~cwYc` ijlcfjufo inynwfjlc s~n, c {cwyjw in ~lnlyowlo uoejoe~`y~wc` n mjuywjeo icio, ecic~lo in louoywou cfgjnlyc -z wncfgjnlyceoluyclynfnlyn* u~u nu{cejou z fofnlyou,cu eofo u~ cey~cw, nl ~lejl in u~ unlyjw,in u~u inunou z lnenujicinu, nl tjwy~i in òtjtjio, in `cu ceejolnu z wnceejolnu in òus~n lou woincl z in `cu ec{cejicinu ewncyj&tcu s~n intjnlnl, yclyo in ~lc nto`~ejleofo in ~lc mjuyowjc In mnemo, clynu inlcenw n` jlijtji~o, n}juyn yoio ~l cfgjnlyneoluyw~jio c {cwyjw in ujbljeciou, ufgoòuz unlyjiou, wnceejolnu, unlyjfjnlyou, o{jljo&lnu z ewnnlejcu in òu infu, s~n ò eolij&ejolcl n jle`~uo ò jf{wolycl Djlc`fnlyn,`c ucgji~wc in` {wjfcyn m~fclo, un n}{wnuc

nl `c ec{cejici in` u~anyo uoejc` in cen{ycwo wnemcqcw, in unb~jw o ywclubwnijw n` owinlnl n` s~n tjtn, ewnlioun {cwc u fjufownnwnlynu, l~ntou nu{cejou z nuenlcwjou inceejl fnijclyn n` cwyjejo8 nu{cejou z wnn&wnlynu s~n ynwfjlc {ow eof{cwyjw eol oywou,iclio {jn c c eoluyw~eejl in ~lc ijtnwujiciin jinlyjicinu, s~n fnijcl z foi~`cl bwcl{cwyn in òu eof{owycfjnlyou

[ow yoio n`ò, f~emcu tnenu `c ujlb~`cwj&ici eof{owycfnlyc` in` {wjfcyn m~fclointjnln nl wnu{~nuycu s~n inugowicl `cu`bjecu in u~ gjoòbc, nl `c fnijic nl s~nnuyl cywctnucicu {ow oywcu `bjecu z ijlfj&ecu1 `c e~`y~wc, `c jinoòbc z `cu ewnnlejcu,{ow ~l `cio, `cu nfoejolnu z `cu unlucejolnu,{ow oywo Nl eolune~nlejc, ijej`fnlyn nucen{ycg`n {nlucw s~n gcuyc eol n}{òwcw `c gjoòbc -o g~uecw bnlnu nu{neeou*, {cwceof{wnlinw òu owbnlnu in l~fnwouou eof&{owycfjnlyou4

Eofo gjnl mcl eof{wnlijio c~yownu eofoClyoljo Icfcujo2, n` cljfc` m~fclo yjnln~lc ucgji~wc unlujg`n8 unlujg`n lo uò c òs~n `n woinc, ujlo c `cu nfoejolnu s~n n}{nwj&fnlyc, z fnijcic {ow n` eolyn}yo cneyjto nl

n` s~n un nle~nlywc Jle`~uo {oiwcfou inejws~n `c l~nuywc nu ~lc ucgji~wc cneyjtc, nl `cs~n `cu nfoejolnu l~lec uol canlcu c` wcqo&lcfjnlyo z c` eè~ò, in cm s~n òu in`jwjouuncl wne~wwnlynu nl l~nuywo unw z nuycw nln` f~lio @c jinc, {ow yclyo, in ~lc ucgji~&wc canlc c `cu nfoejolnu, c `cu unlucejolnuz c òu unlyjfjnlyou, wnu~`yc cgu~wic z {oeoewng`n Lj ujs~jnwc n` ucgjo cljfc` m~fclonu ec{cq in ntcijw n` {wjlej{jo in jlenwyj&i~fgwn, s~n {nwfnc yoic wnc`jici ijlfjecz {ùyjec= Fu cl, e~clio `c ucgji~wc unwnywoc`jfnlyc in jfcbjlcejl, in eolywcije&ejolnu z in clycucu Jle`~uo ingnwcfouwneoloenw s~n `cu ucgji~wcu in oywou cljfc&`nu c`bo ingnl ynlnw in unlujg`nu, icio s~nu~u ceyjtjicinu lo ujnf{wn o lnenucwjcfnlynuol ~yj`jycwjcu, eofo {wnu~{olnl l~fnwououc~yownu -tb uoejogjòbou*

Zc nu yjnf{o in s~n ijue~ycfou z {ol&bcfou nl nlywnijemo nun wnywcyo tcljiouos~n un mjejnwc in louoywou nl n` ujbò ]TJJJ,e~clio un lou e`cuje eofoMofo uc{jnlu:,

ujl yofcw nl e~nlyc ò f~emo s~n ynlnfouin inufnu~wciou, in in`jwclynu z ò f~emos~n in ucgjou yjnlnl oywou cljfc`nu

Nu cine~cio {nlucwlou eofo ~lc nu{n&ejn {ounniowc in ~lc ucgji~wc {~wc, i~wcz {wcbfyjec, z ujl ywo{jnqou lj inutcwou?Dwclecfnlyn, {jnluo s~n lo `c wcql ogan&yjtc nu, lc`fnlyn, ~lc j`~ujl u~ganyjtc

Nlyolenu efo nu {oujg`n s~n lou jfcbj&lnfou ucgjou ujl wneoloenwlou infnlynu?

Fu lou tc`n, nl ~lejl in unw eomnwnl&ynu eol l~nuywc wnc`jici z ec{cejici in jfc&bjlcw ò jljfcbjlcg`n -eofo ijwc `c WnjlcWoac c C`jejc3;*, s~n {ow ò fnlou lou tnc&fou c louoywou fjufou eofo ò mcen NibcwFowjl, nl l~nuywc ec`jici inMofo uc{jnlu&infnlu33 Wneoloqefouò, uofou ~l cljfc`s~n lo u o nu ec{cq in inucwwo``cw l~fnwouculn~wouju, eoldjeyou nfoejolc`nu z ywcuyowloufnlyc`nu, ujlo s~n eoyjijclcfnlyn uofouec{cenu in jltnlycwlou f~liou jf{oujg`nu z

37


4 Uò c ywctu in fjwcicu wni~eejoljuycu z gjoòbjejuycu, fu s~n e~nuyjolcg`nu, {oinfou `nbcw c jfcbjlcws~n n` eof{owycfjnlyo cljfc`, nl bnlnwc`, z n` m~fclo, nl ò {cwyje~`cw, nu n}{`jecg`n uò nuy~ijclioòu bnlnu, `cu ujoòbcu o `cu clcyofcu

2 Icfcujo, Clyoljo, 3::4= Tcun [wjboljln, J`zc, 3::4: Eofcu, A~cl, 3:443; @nrju Ecwwo``, 3::>33 Fowjl, Nibcw, 7;;7 [cwc ijue~yjw z {wo~lijqcw nl n` ynfc in c infnlejc z c fnlyn, cun c Aou [ci~c,

7;;>


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Cs~cyje[jueclymwo{~u u~gfcwjl~u


14/84

inuncw fnycu s~n, {ow ò fnlou in fofnlyo,wnu~`ycl jlcèclqcg`nu Jle`~uo `cu {cujolnueofo n` cfow z n` oijo, ingnfou {nlucw`cueofo fcwctj`òuou {woi~eyou in l~nuywo unwz mcenw in`jwclynu8 yclyo `cu fcljnuycejolnu

nuyjtcu eofo `cu b~nwwcu uol, {ow ò fjufo,nanf{òu e`cwou in nuc infnlejc z nuc inufn&u~wc s~n ceof{ccl c l~nuywc ucgji~wc

N` ec`jecyjto infnlu lou {nwfjyn wneow&icw s~n uol òu mnioljufou z `cu inufnu~wcu-in`jwjou*, `cu e~c`jicinu s~n nl bwcl fnijicicl e~nw{o c l~nuywo eof{owycfjnlyo z cl~nuywo nlyowlo, {ows~n {nwfncl `c ucgji~&wc in c s~n yclyo lou tclcbòwjcfou N` in`j&wjo z `c infnlejc, nl `c fnijic nl s~n inacl`c {~nwyc cgjnwyc c `c eolyjlbnlejc, c `c ntnl&y~c`jici, uol ~nlyn in jllotcejolnu, jf{wo&tjucejolnu z ewncejolnu, in cm s~n cej`jynl~lc ijtnwujici in wnu{~nuycu c` c`nc Fu s~n`c wcql, s~jqu uol cu ec{cejicinu in inuncwz in in`jwcw, `cu s~n icl ~l ecweynw ujlb~`cwc l~nuywc ucgji~wc, {oynlejclio f~emcu inl~nuywcu e~c`jicinu nu{neecu

Nun infnlu s~n lou ecwceynwjqc, f~emo `ningn, {ow ~l cio, c l~nuywc c`ywjejc`jici, s~nlou ic yjnf{o in uogwc {cwc jf{wnblcwlou inòu unlyjwnu z `cu n}{wnujolnu nfoejolc`nu inòu s~n lou woincl, yjnf{o {cwc c{wnlinw in

l~nuywou fczownu z in l~nuywou eolynf{ow&lnou cs~n``cu fclnwcu in unlyjw z in cey~cws~n lou {nwfjyn unw {cwyn in ~l bw~{o z {wo&

i~eyo in ~lc mjuyowjc [ow oywo `cio, ycfgjlingn in a~bcw ~l jf{owyclyn {c{n` nl l~nuywcucgji~wc in`jwclyn, n` unw cljfc`nu lnoylj&eou nynwlcfnlyn a~tnlj`nu, nl fu in ~lcu{neyo, z nl eolune~nlejc, nuycw {nwfclnl&

ynfnlyn cgjnwyou c `c uow{wnuc z c` a~nbo, c `c{`cuyjejici z n` c{wnlijqcanNl n` cqcwouo ecfjlo in` iog`n {woenuo

in l~nuywc mofjljqcejl&m~fcljqcejl37,s~n ijo `~bcw c l~nuywc wnc`jici gjo`bjecz c l~nuywc {`~wc`jici e~`y~wc` n mjuywjec,nfnwbjnwol f~emcu in l~nuywcu e~c`jicinuewncyjtcu Uj clc`jqcfou eol inyc``n ò s~nmnfou {oijio ucgnw in ijemo iog`n {woenuo,nu lnenucwjo wneoloenw s~n cinfu in o yj`,n` a~nbo, n` cqcw n jle`~uo ejnwycu owfcu inòe~wc, uol jlbwnijnlynu in l~nuywo {woenuonto`~yjto n mjuywjeo

L~nuywo eof{owycfjnlyo yoio, nu c n}{wn&ujl tjtc, yclyo in `c wcql eofo in` in`jwjo,in` eè~ò z in`cj`~ujl, in` {nlucfjnlyo zin` nu{najufo8 nu ~lc n}{wnujl in` cl`juju,in c wndn}jl z in c nu{ne~`cejl, in c o~u&ecejl z `c c`~ejlcejl @c wcql eo`jujolceol n` nlu~no z `cu s~jfnwcu s~n uol ec{c&enu in eolengjw z in inuncw l~nuywou e~nw{ouunlujg`nu, s~n un eoluyw~znl, un tjtnl, unn}{wnucl z un wn{woi~enl nl ~l eolyn}yo in

tcwjcejolnu z fcweou wnnwnlejc`nu jf{~nu&you {ow ~l owinl uoejc` mnbnfljeo z in ~lc{`~wc`, `cwbc z eof{`nac ywcijejl uoejoe~`y~&

wc` Djlc`fnlyn, ecic ~lo in louoywouuofou {woi~eyo yclyo in ~lc gjoòbceofo in ~l eolyn}yo jlfnijcyo, s~nintjnln in ~lc nto`~ejl z in ~lc mju&yowjc

N` cljfc` m~fclo nu, cu~ffouò,~l ucgjo òeo, ~l cljfc` {ow infu{cwciajeo, s~n g~uec `jgnwcwun in cyc&i~wcu c` yjnf{o s~n un ewnc lowfcu z`jfjycejolnu35 ^l cljfc` s~n {wnynlineolywo`cw u~ nlyowlo fjnlywcu o ucy~wcin lotnicinu, s~n eol wne~nlejc nuec&{cl c u~ eolywo` z un eoltjnwynl nl cfn&lcqcu {cwc òu bw~{ou o jle`~uo {cwc `cnu{nejn yoyc` Ucgji~wc z infnlejc,wcql z òe~wc, unwnljici z in`jwjo uoleof{olnlynu in` unw, in` unlyjw z in`mcenw in` cljfc` m~fclo, s~n nu ~leof{`nao {woi~eyo nto`~yjto n mjuywjeoin c cljfc`jici -u~ ecweynwMofo, s~n

yjnlin c` gjnlnuycw*, s~n un nle~nlywcc `c fjufc ijuyclejc in` wcqolcfjnlyowo z unwnlo -u~ ecweynw uc{jnlu*,eofo in `c j`~ujl z `c clycuc in`j&wclyn -u~ ecweynw infnlu, s~n yjnlin

39


37 Tcun @jqcwwcbc, ]cgjnw, 7;;3 z 7;;735 Tcun @owjyn Fnlc, Aou, 3:=7

Bwclinu cljfc`nu in` inujnwyoN` {wog`nfc in` ycfco z u~ uo`~ejl


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c `c inufnu~wc* Uò ~lc wnc&`jici cu {~nin inwjtcw nlyclycu z ycl tcwjcg`nu owfcuin unw, s~n lo uò un wni~enlc ijtnwujici in ynf{nwcfnlyou

z {`~wc`jici in {nwuolc`jicinu,ujlo c ~lc tcwjcgj`jici ujnf{wnecfgjclyn in jlijtji~c`jicinuunlujg`nu

[nlucw c` cljfc` m~fcloog`jbc c fjwcwlou inuin ~lc{`~wc`jici in {nwu{neyjtcu,icio s~n uofou ~l eola~lyo ine`~`cu, in m~nuou, in f~eoucuz tnlcu, in {ns~ncu z bwclinuyoyc`jicinu clcyofoujo`bjecueolb~wcicu nl ~lc eof{`nacwni in jlynwceejolnu z wnywoce&ejolnu8 z ycfgjl uofou {wo&i~eyo in ~l cf{`jo nu{neywoin e~c`jicinu nfnwbnlynu s~n,nl ~l iog`n {woenuo in mofjlj&qcejl z m~fcljqcejl, tcfoueoluyw~znlio mjuyowjcu bw~{c&`nu, s~n u~{olnl uoejnicinu z e~`y~wcu bnln&wciowcu in l~ntou z ijtnwuou nle~nlywou eoln` f~lio z eol louoywou fjufou

Uofou, eofo e~c`s~jnw cljfc`, ~lc ~lj&

ici eof{owycfnlyc` ec{cq in bnlnwcw ~lcijtnwujici in fclnwcu {ùyjecu in unw znuycw&ujnlio nl n` f~lio8 {nwo c ijnwnlejcin oywcu owfcu cljfc`nu, lo uò uofoueoluejnlynu -lou icfou e~nlyc* in f~emcuin l~nuywcu wn`cejolnu eol ò oywo, ujlo s~nuofou eoluejnlynu in unw eoluejnlynu, {ow o s~n`c loejl in f~nwyn, in ljy~i z `cu loejolnuin {cucio, {wnunlyn z ~y~wo, `cu loejolnu infjufjici z oywnici, lou mcenl eolywcuycw inoywcu nu{nejnu cljfc`nu

Cmowc gjnl, nl tjwy~i in n`ò, ycfgjlingnwcfou {wnb~lycwlou uj `c un`neejllcy~wc` {wo{~nuyc eofo fnecljufo nto`~&yjto {ow Icwrjl39, mc ujio u~ejnlyn {cwc icwowjbnl c nuyc nu{nejn {cwciajec @c l~nuywcnu ~lc nu{nejn s~n, c ywctu in u~ eof{ow&ycfjnlyo z in ewncwun ~l intnljw mjuywjeo,un cgwn {oujgj`jicinu in ceejl, c` yjnf{os~n ycfgjl un ejnwwc {oujgj`jicinu c` jf{o&lnwun fjynu z gcwwnwcu cguywceycu -tb ycgnuz `nznu*

Eolune~nlynfnlyn, ecgn {wnb~lycwun1

Lo nu in {nuo, {cwc `c nto`~ejl, `c un`neejls~n {~io inynwfjlcw `c e~`y~wc in `cu owfcumofljicu s~n lou {wnenijnwol?

Eofo lou wne~nwic Do`ciowj1

N` fjufo Icwrjl inwjt u~ ynowc, `c un`ne&ejl lcy~wc`, in `c un`neejl cwyjejc` XV Z

c~ls~n wneoloej `c bwcl ijnwnlejc nlywn `cun`neejl lcy~wc` s~n bnlnwcgc nu{nejnuyoyc`fnlyn l~ntcu, in `c un`neejl {ow ewcs~n uò {wo~lijqcgc `cu tcwjnicinu zcn}juynlynu nl `c lcy~wc`nqc, n` mnemo nu ins~n {cwyj in wneoloenw `c n}juynlejc in oywofnecljufo nto`~yjto ijnwnlyn c `c un`neejllcy~wc`, o unc, `c cwyjejc` o mnemc {ow n` unwm~fclo3>

C ò s~n ecgn cbwnbcw1 Lo nu in {nuo`c un`neejl s~n inwjtc in òu eof{owyc&fjnlyou foijeciou {ow `c e~`y~wc, z {ow òyclyo, in l~nuywc ucgji~wc in`jwclyn? Nl fjo{jljl, nu lnenucwjo wneoloenw s~n `c ``c&fcic un`neejl e~`y~wc` nu wnu~`ycio inceejolnu eolewnycu, in eof{`naou eof{ow&ycfjnlyou, nl `c fnijic s~n n` mcenw z nèwncw m~fclou eowwnu{olinl c ~lc ijl&fjec fu s~n {~wcfnlyn gjo`bjec, eof{ow&ycfnlyc`1 gjo&neo`bjec34 Nl lo {oeou bw~{oum~fclou tnfou efo cu lowfcu, cu eouy~f&gwnu z òu ycgnu uoejc`nu {wo{jejcl o jf{jinl

`c ijtnwujici bnlyjec, inynwfjlclio n` jlewn&fnlyo o `c inuc{cwjejl in ejnwyou wcubou [owoywo `cio, inynlbfolou ~l fofnlyo c {nl&

3>

Mofo uc{jnlu&infnlu1 Eof{`najici, Nto`~ejl z Eof{owycfjnlyo

39 Icwrjl, E 3:423> Do`ciowj, B 7;;;134234 Nlynlijnlio eofo neo`bjeo nun yoio ijtnwuo s~n intjnln nl nlyowlo, yclyo ujeo&gjyjeo, eofo gjo&uoejc`

z uoejo&e~`y~wc`

ClyfnlDowfjouuow clb~uy~u


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ucw efo {~nin jld~jw nl n` intnljw gjo`bjeoin òu bw~{ou&uoejnici&nu{nejn, n` nlcfowc&fjnlyo z n` cfow -nl yclyo s~n inufnu~wcu*,c `c mowc in wneofgjlcw bnlnu8 {cujolnu s~n,c c cwbc, s~jqu acl o n`jfjlcl wcubou gjo`&

bjeou s~n ynwfjlcl {ow jld~jw nl ~lc u~gnu&{nejcejl o nu{nejcejl, s~jqu jf{oljnlio oinwwjgclio gcwwnwcu eof{owycfnlyc`nu nlywnòu bw~{ou

Yc` tnq nu jf{nwcyjto mcg`cw in ~lc un`ne&ejl eof{owycfnlyc` bnlnwciowc in yoic un`ne&ejl e~`y~wc` z in bwcl {cwyn in `c un`neejllcy~wc`, s~n lo uò ingn wni~ejwun c ljtn` infnycgo`jufou o bnlnu Mcgò in ~lc un`neejleof{owycfnlyc` s~n ceyc uogwn `c owfccljfc` s~n bnlnwc ~lc e~`y~wc z ~l nlyowlo&cfgjnlyn jf{wnblcio in nfoejolnu @o e~c`,{jnluo, ic {jn c ~l fnecljufo nto`~yjto {wo&toecio z {woi~ejio {ow `c {wo{jc owfc gjo`&bjec s~n nto`~ejolc1 n` cljfc` m~fclo intjnln{woi~eyo nto`~yjto in ~l intnljw gjo`bjeo z in~l intnljw eof{owycfnlyc` in `cu nu{nejnu s~n`n {wnenijnwol [nlunfou, {ow nanf{ò, nlcs~n`òu mofljiou, {ow ò fnlou c {cwyjw in Mofo mcgj`ju, s~n ewncwol n}ynlujolnu in ufjufou, eolejgjnlio z n`cgowclio, {wjfnwo~ynluj`jou -eofo f~emou oywou {wjfcynu*,

z {ouynwjowfnlyn mnwwcfjnlycu -~ynluj`jous~n ujwtnl {cwc n`cgowcw oywou ~ynluj`jou*,s~n `nu {nwfjyjnwol ceeninw c l~ntcu owfcuin wn`cejolcwun eol n` f~lio z s~n, nl lo{oecu oecujolnu, inwjtcwol nl ~l fczow }jyo

wn{woi~eyjto Cmowc gjnl, lo ecgn i~ic s~nunwc cwwjnubcio wnyofcw `c jinc `cfcwehjclcin s~n cu foijecejolnu cis~jwjicu un mnwn&icl, {nwo {cwnen jlntjycg`n eof{wnlinw s~nn` eof{owycfjnlyo cneyc c `c gjoòbc z c`nlyowlo nl yc` bwcio, s~n un ``nbc c ujblj&ecw eofo cbnlyn nto`~yjto o eofo u~bjwjnwcAncl [jcbny, intjnln nl foyow in `c nto`~ejl

Lo ecgn `c fnlow i~ic in s~n nù~uywcyo gjo`bjeo nu `c ~nlyn {wjfjbnljc inòu ecfgjou nto`~yjtou, s~n un ywcufjynl tc`c wn{woi~eejl, {ow n` {nuo ujbljecyjto inòu bnlnu z `cu ujoòbcu, {nwo nu ijej` inlnbcw s~n {ow ò fnlou nl n` ecuo in` {wj&fcyn uc{jnlu&infnlu, nun u~uywcyo eoceyc njlynwceyc eol oywou iou u~uywcyou jb~c`fnlynjf{owyclynu z ujbljecyjtou nto`~yjtc z eof&{owycfnlyc`fnlyn mcg`clio1 n` u~uywcyo {uj&eocneyjto z n` u~uywcyo neo`bjeo, s~n nl n` ecuoin `cu owfcu Mofo u~{oln ~lc owbcljqc&ejl uoejc`, eolyn}you e~`y~wc`nu z intnljwnumjuywjeou

ECWWO@@, @nrju C`jejc nl n` [cu in `cu Fcwctj&``cu, C`jejc c ywctu in` Nu{nao, @c ecqc in` Ulceh,[`cqc $ Aclu, Gcwenòlc, 3:>3

EOFCU, A~cl Fcl~c` in Clywo{oòbc Dujec,^LCF, F}jeo, 3:44

EOWIL, Dc~uyjlo Eoejlcw mjqo c` mofgwn, Y~u&

s~nyu, Gcwenòlc, 3:=3ICFCUJO, ClyoljoN` nwwow in Inuecwynu @c wcql

in `cu nfoejolnu Cliwu Gn`ò, Uclyjcbo inEmj`n, 3::4

ICWRJL, Ecwòu @c nto`~ejl in `cu nu{nejnu {owfnijo in `c un`neejl lcy~wc`, Ijclc, F}jeo,3:45

DO@CIOWJ, B~j``nwfo N` eof{owycfjnlyo m~&fclo eol u~ cfgjnlyn, c `c `~q in `cu ynowcu

gjo`bjecu in `c nto`~ejl, nl@~i~u tjyc`ju To`JJJ, Lo 39, Enlywo in Nuy~ijou Djòueou, [o`&yjeou z Uoejc`nu Tjenlyn @ofgcwio Yo`niclo,

UN[&^CF&J, ^ljtnwujycy in `nu J``nu Gc`ncwnu,

JLCM&Clymwo{ou/[`~wc`, F}jeo&Nu{cc, {{34>&3=2, 7;;;

@JQCWWCBC, ]cgjnw @c iog`n nfnwbnlejc inuc{jnlu1 mofjljqcejl&m~fcljqcejl nlNuy~&ijou in Clywo{oòbc Gjo`bjec, To` ], JLCM&^LCF, F}jeo, {{ 4=2&2;5, 7;;3

_______, [nlucw c` {wjfcyn m~fclo1 {nlucw nlmofjljqcejl&m~fcljqcejl nl [wnq&Yczòw,Wccn` -eof{* Clywo{oòbc z eof{`najici,Bnijuc, Gcwenòlc, {{ 3;>&352, 7;;7

@OWJYN Fnlc, AouN` cljfc` {cwciajeo D~lic&fnlyou in clywo{oòbc òuec, C`jclqc ^lj&tnwujici, Fciwji, 3:=7

FOWJL, Nibcw N` Fyoio T, @c m~fcljici in `cm~fcljici, Eyniwc, Fciwji, 7;;7

[JCBNY, AnclN` eof{owycfjnlyo, foyow in `c nto&`~ejl, L~ntc Tjujl, G~nlou Cjwnu, 3:22

[WJBOLJLN, J`zcN` l in cu enwyji~fgwnuCliwu

Gn`ò, Uclyjcbo in Emj`n, 3::4

Gjg`jobwcdc

34



17/84

Un`tcu c~uywc`jclcuYwn{ciownu z {wniciownu fcwu~{jc`nu


18/84

Ymn u{jhnyooymCe~inlu nwo}


19/84

Nto`~ejl, e~`y~wc z eof{`najici

Dòwnlen Wounfgnwb Unjnw!

@c eolejnlejc nu n` {woi~eyo in l~nuywo enwngwo,s~n c u~ tnq nu {woi~eyo in l~nuywc nto`~ejl

Jcl Ycyynwuc``

` {wnunlyn ywcgcao yjnln iou oganyjtou, n` {wjfnwo {wnunlycw gwntnfnlyn`c o{jljl cenwec in` eolen{yo in nto`~ejl nl n` ijue~wuo in fju nuy~&

ijclynu in e~cwyo z u{yjfo unfnuywnu in `c `jenlejcy~wc in Nyloòbc nl `cNue~n`c Lcejolc` in Clywo{oòbc n Mjuyowjc8 n` unb~lio nu ~lc wndn}jlcenwec in `c wn`cejl ujuyfjec in ywnu eolen{you1 nto`~ejl, e~`y~wc z eof&{`najici, òu e~c`nu mcl nuycio {wnunlynu nl fj {nlucfjnlyo inuin s~neofnle c {cwyjej{cw nl n` Unfjlcwjo [nwfclnlyn uogwnClywo{oòbc z Nto&`~ejl in Aou @~ju Tnwc

N` eolen{yo in nto`~ejlC` lc` in` e~wuo uo`jejy c` bw~{o in u{yjfo unfnuywn fn nuewjgjnwc gwn&tnfnlyn ò s~n nlynlic cenwec in` eolen{yo in nto`~ejl @o fjufo mjeneol n` bw~{o in e~cwyo unfnuywn, `cu wnu{~nuycu ~nwol `cu ujb~jnlynu1

Nuy~ijclynu in u{yjfo unfnuywn1& Eolujinwo c `c nto`~ejl u~fcfnlyn jf{owyclyn inlywo in` ijue~wuo

clywo{o`bjeo, lo nu {oujg`n ijuòecw nuyc eolen{ejl, nuyn nu ~l mnemoin `c clywo{oòbc, {nwo lo fn wnnwo c `c nto`~ejl nl ywfjlou ineolb~wcejolnu z fnaowcu gjo`bjecu `jbcicu c ò uoejc`, uj lo c `c nto&`~ejl eofo c eoluyclyn ywcluowfcejl N` unw m~fclo ecfgjc yclyoujec eofo uoejc`fnlyn zc s~n un tc cic{yclio c u~ nlyowlo -ewnciocmowc o foijecio{ow n` fjufo*, `cu c`ynwcejolnu e`jfyjecu, uò {ow{olnw ~l nanf{ò in `c f~`yjy~i s~n n}juynl

& [cwc f `c nto`~ejl nu {cwyn in ecic ~lo in òu unwnu m~fclou z c`fjufo yjnf{o nuy {wnunlyn nl òu bw~{ou in ijuyjlyc lio`n [cwyn in`c eof{`najici wnujin nl s~n ecic s~jnl nto`~ejolc c ijuyjlyo wjyfo

z nlc`ynen òu cu{neyou {wjowjycwjou in ce~nwio eol `c jijoujlewcujctjbnlyn Nto`~ejl nu ecfgjo z n` ecfgjo nu jlmnwnlyn c` unw m~fcloLo ujnf{wn òu ecfgjou uol in l~nuywo cbwcio, {nwo unb~wcfnlyn lou

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20/84

@c nto`~ejl e~`y~wc` z `c nyloòbc[oeou cou clynu in` u~wbjfjnlyo in `c nylo&òbc nl 32=2 c{cwnen c jinc in `c {oujgj`jiciin ~lc ejnlejc in` mofgwn, Ijinwoy nf{`nc`c n}{wnujl {ow {wjfnwc tnq nl 32>> -nl n`cwye~ò Nlejeò{nijc in `c Nlejeò{nijc*Z, nu nl nuyn fjufo co s~n C`n}cliwn inEmctcllnu ewnc n` ywfjlo nyloòbc, s~n`cu inln eofo `c ijuej{`jlc s~n nuy~ijc `cmjuyowjc in ou {wobwnuou in ou {~ngòu mcejc`c ejtj`jqcejl

I~wclyn in` ujbò ]J], nu{nejc`fnlyni~wclyn u~ {wjfnwc fjyci, tc intjljnlio~lc ogunujl {ow nleolywcw òu ~licfnl&you in` ns~j`jgwjo uoejc`, uyc nu s~jq`c mnwnlejc fu ~nwyn s~n ywclufjyjw n`{oujyjtjufo c `cu fu inuycecicu n jld~&znlynu ynlinlejcu inucwwo``cicu nl òu ecf&{ou in `c clywo{oòbc z `c uoejoòbc @ou{nluciownu fu eoloejiou ~nwol1 Eofyn,U{nlenw, Fowbcl, Yzòw z oywou [cwc n`òu,

lou ijen N Hwoyq -7;;7*1 `c mjuyowjc in `cm~fcljici nu ~l {woenuo ijwjbjio, s~n eol&i~en {ow nyc{cu in ~lc ujy~cejl tcòwcicin fclnwc wn`cyjtcfnlyn lnbcyjtc nl n`{cucio c ~l nuycio tcòwcio in fclnwc{oujyjtc nl n` {wnunlyn z n` ~y~wo jlfn&ijcyo Nuyo u~enin in fclnwc jlntjycg`n&fnlyn lnenucwjc z gculioun nl òu nneyouin ~lc wnb~`cwjici oganyjtc z wneoloejg`n,c~l e~clio nl òu ijuyjlyou {~ngòu z nlòu ijnwnlynu nuywcyou in `c {og`cejl in~lc fjufc lcejl nuyo oe~wwc c ijnwnlynutnòejicinu nl oywcu {c`cgwcu nu ~l yjnf{o`jlnc` Jinc s~n yoictc moz {nwfclnen nlf~emou ijue~wuou

Eolowfn tc {cuclio n` yjnf{o z loutcfou cinlywclio nl n` ujbò ]] `c jinc in`c nto`~ejl ycl tjy~{nwcic nl òu eofjnlqouin` ujbò ]] {ow `c clywo{oòbc e~`y~wc`juycin Dwclq Gocu yof bjwou jln`~eycg`nu n jlj&fcbjlciou, e~zc mnwnlejc moz ijuw~ycfou,fn wnnwo c `c {oujgj`jici in {nlucw `c nto`~&ejl lo eofo ~lc lnc {ow c e~c` yoiou ingn&

fou ywclujycw, lj in fclnwc yn`no`bjec, ujloeofo ijao A~`jcl Uynrcwi -3:>>* s~n n}juynoywc ijnwnlyn fclnwc in fjwcw z wndn}jolcwc `c nto`~ejl e~`y~wc`, eof{wnlinw`c f~`yj&`jlnc`fnlyn1

ejnwyou yj{ou gujeou in `c e~`y~wc {~ninlinucwwo``cwun nl owfcu ujfj`cwnu gcao eol&ijejolnu ujfj`cwnu {nwo ~lou {oeou cu{neyou

cz~icl c inljwlou clyn louoywou fju&fou z clyn `c uoejnici Lou mcenl c{wn&mnlinw n` f~lio ecic tnq in ijuyjlycfclnwc

& Fn e~nuyc ywcgcao mcg`cw in nto`~ejl zlo wnfolycwfn c nuc ecwbc lnbcyjtc s~neol``ntc ijemc {c`cgwc {cwc f S~jqu`cu `ney~wcu in `c clywo{oòbc mczcleolywjg~jio, lo ò u8 {nwo ejnwycfnlynfn wnu~`yc ijej` inu`jlicw in` eolen{yonto`~ejl nun {`clyncfjnlyo, n` fu ~l&icfnlyc` in n`òu, nl n` s~n un wneowwn~lc ywczneyowjc in` {~lyo C c` G, z nliolin òu ecfgjou un ywci~enl nl c`bofnaowcio S~jl {~nin unw n` {wjfnwonl inejw yc` eouc? C~ls~n c` nue~emcwn` mcg`c in fju icu, fn ioz e~nlyc s~nnun a~jejo in tcòw {nwfclnen jlmnwnlync `c {c`cgwc, c `c nto`~ejl Nl ò {cw&yje~`cw mn {wnnwjio u~uyjy~jw`c ujnf{wn8s~n unc ecfgjo, ywcluowfcejl, fnyc&

fowouju, e~c`s~jnwc fnlou nto`~ejl,c` fnlou nl uycu nle~nlywo `c molnuyj&ici in ucgnwun {c`cgwcu s~n ecwbcl eolu~u gjnlnu z u~u fc`nu, uol c`bo s~n lonwcl clynu, {nwo lo {ow nuo c`bo fnaowS~jqu unc uo`cfnlyn s~n `n c`yc ~lc Wclynu c nuc nto`~ejl

Nuy~ijclynu in e~cwyo unfnuywn1& Nto`~ejl nu n` {woenuo s~n un ``ntc c

ecgo c ywctu in` ecfgjo, in `c ywcluow&fcejl in ujy~cejolnu z ntnlyou eol n`l in fnaowcw `c ec`jici in tjic o mcenwfu ej` `c cic{ycejl c ~l fnijocfgjnlyn c~ls~n nuyn {woenuo lo ujnf&{wn nu ctowcg`n

& Nu `c ywclujejl bwci~c` in ~l nuycio coywo fu ctclqcio, nu eofo jw in fnlowc fczow nl ~lc nuec`c iolin un yjnln ~ljljejo z ~lc eu{jin Nto`~ejl nu ewnenweolyjl~cfnlyn

& Nu `c jinc nl `c e~c` un {jnluc s~n ~lowbcljufo o nuyw~ey~wc yjnlin c fnaowcwnl ~l unlyjio in {wobwnuo

S~ wndn}jolcfou e~clio `nnfounuycu loycu? uyc lo nu lcic fu `c fjwcics~n yjnlnl l~nuywou ~y~wou eo`nbcu ujloycfgjl `c yjnlnl {cwnejic nl bwcl fnijicc`b~lou eo`nbcu l~nuywou eol `cwbcu ywczne&yowjcu nl `c clywo{oòbc Nuyc nu `c wnc`&wnc`jiciLo fn toz c inynlnw nl n` cl`jujuin ò n}{~nuyo {ows~n n` ijue~wuo mcg`c {owu fjufo

N` oganyjto in nuyc uoejnici nu wnc`jqcw jltnuyjbcejolnuuogwn n` owjbnl, n` {wobwnuo z `cu ecwceynwuyjecu

in `cu ijnwnlynu wcqcu m~fclcu

[wjfnw cwy e~ò in òu nuycy~you in `cCfnwjecl Nymloòbjec` Uoejnyz, ~licic nl 3=97

7;



21/84

Y~liwc&irn``nwMofo b`ceju cgwjecy~u


22/84

eolewnyou in c e~`y~wc c{cwnenwl nlywn yoiouòu bw~{ou m~fclou nl ~lc une~nlejc wnb~`cw-Uynrcwi, A3:>>17*

N`ò y~to jf{owyclynu eolune~nlejcu {cwcl~nuywc ijuej{`jlc {ows~n inunlwni ~l tjnaol~io1 {ow ~l `cio, `c ewyjec c` nto`~ejoljufo~lj`jlnc` ownej ~lc uo`~ejl fu cgjnwyc,ijueolyjl~c z eof{`nac, z {ow n` oywo, inuin `c{nwu{neyjtc {o`yjec ~n ~l i~wo bo`{n c` nylo&enlywjufo n~wo{no z nuycio~ljinlun, {~nu cgcun in nuyc o{ejl un nleolywcgc nl n` eol&en{yo in c ijtnwujici3in cu e~`y~wcu, nuyc jincicwc {jn c` eofjnlqo in `c inufjyjecejl zinufjuyjecejl in` wcejufo, `c }nloogjc z `cmofoogjc, ijemo in oywc fclnwc, nuyc ynowcycfgjl nf{nqcwc c ijuj{cw `c jinc in s~nòu Oywou yoictc&lo&nwcl&ejtj`jqciou o s~nnwcl{wn&ejtj`jqciou

Efo z nl ilin {oinfou wn`cejolcw `ce~`y~wc eol ò clynwjow? Uj un ogunwtc n` eol&en{yo in ejtj`jqcejl ~n n` {cwyn cb~cu z n`{~lyc` n{juynfo`bjeo in c a~uyjecejl {cwc`c gcwgcwjn in` eoòljc`jufo D~n eol `c ~yj&`jqcejl in jinc in nto`~ejl e~`y~wc` `jlnc`s~n un mc g~uecio innlinw `c iofjlcejlin ~lcu e~`y~wcu {ow oywcu [ow n`ò, `c clywo&

{oòbc eofjnlqc c inueoòljqcw z inueoò&ljqcw&un eol `c jinc in e~`y~wc {cwc inacw in`cio c jinc in c ejtj`jqcejl oeejinlyc` eofofnyc lc` in` wneowwjio in ò m~fclo Nu cus~n C Hwongnw z E H`~ehmowl nl u~ yn}yoE~`y~wn1 C ewjyjec` wntjnr o eolen{yu cli in&

ljyjolu {~g`jecio nl 3:>7, nle~nlywcl fu in34; inljejolnu in e~`y~wc Moz c >> cou innuyn nanwejejo, n}juynl ingcynu {cwc u~ fnaowinljejl, `c fczowc in òu clywo{òbou mcc~lcio u~ {wo{jc tnwujl c `c eo`neejl, NFowjl {jnluc s~n1

@c e~`y~wc nuy eoluyjy~jic {ow n` eola~lyo inmgjyou, eouy~fgwnu, {weyjecu, ucgnw&mcenw,ucgnwnu, wnb`cu, lowfcu, {womjgjejolnu, nuywcyn&

bjcu, ewnnlejcu, jincu, XoganyouV tcòwnu, fjyou,s~n un {nw{nyc in bnlnwcejl nl bnlnwcejl,un wn{woi~en nl ecic jlijtji~o, bnlnwc z wnbn&lnwc c eof{`najici uoejc` @c e~`y~wc ce~f~`cnl u o s~n nu eolunwtcio, ywclufjyjio, c{wnl&ijio, z eof{owyc {wjlej{jou in cis~jujejl,{wobwcfcu in ceejl N` ec{jyc` m~fclo {wj&fnwo nu `c e~`y~wc -Fowjl, N 7;;519;*

Uj un ogunwtc gjnl nuyc jlynw{wnycejl nu~lc cf{`jcejl z eof{`najqcejl in `c clyj&

b~c inljejl in e~`y~wc in Nirci G Yzòwce~cic nl 3=23

S~ nlynlinfou {ow eof{`najici?Nibcw Fowjl {`clync s~n mcgw s~n ijuj{cwiou j`~ujolnu s~n c`nacl c` mofgwn -Mofouc{jnlu/infnlu* in` {wog`nfc in` {nluc&fjnlyo eof{`nao1

@c {wjfnwc nu ewnnw s~n `c eof{`najicieoli~en c `c n`jfjlcejl in `c ujf{`jejici[ow ejnwyo, s~n `c eof{`najici c{cwnen c`ìolin n` {nlucfjnlyo ujf{`jeciow c``c,{nwo jlynbwc nl u fjufc yoio cs~n`ò s~n{oln owinl, e`cwjici, ijuyjlejl, {wnejujl nln` eoloejfjnlyo N` {nlucfjnlyo eof{`naojlynbwc o fu {oujg`n ou foiou ujf{`jecio&wnu in {nlucw, {nwo wnemcqc `cu eolune~nlejcuf~yj`clynu, wni~eejoljuycu, ~ljijfnlujolc`j&qclynu z lc`fnlyn enbciowcu in ~lc ujf&{`jecejl s~n un yofc {ow wndnao in cs~n`òs~n m~gjnwn in wnc` nl `c wnc`jici

@c unb~lic j`~ujl nu `c in eol~lijweof{`najici eol eof{`ny~i Ejnwycfnlyn, `c

cfgjejl in` {nlucfjnlyo eof{`nao nu wnlijwe~nlyc in `cu cwyje~`cejolnu nlywn iofjljouijuej{`jlcwjou s~ngwciou {ow n` {nlucfjnlyoijubwnbciow -~lo in òu {wjlej{c`nu cu{neyouin` {nlucfjnlyo ujf{`jeciow*8 uyn cu`c òs~n un{cwc, z oe~`yc yoio ò s~n wn`jbc, jlyn&

@c n}{nwjnlejc in `c oywniciun eoltjwyj nl jlowfcejl uogwn c oywnici,s~n nwc clc`jqcic z e`cujecic, jltnlycwjcic z eof{cwcic z,

e~clio nwc {oujg`n, fnijic z eolycic

Nuyngcl Hwoyq

77


3 Eolen{yo yofcio in c gjoòbc


23/84

wceyc, jlynwnwn Nl nuyn unlyjio, n` {nl&ucfjnlyo eof{`nao cu{jwc c` eoloejfjnlyof~`yjijfnlujolc`

@o s~n nl Fowjl lou s~jnwn ywclufjyjwnu s~n n` {nlucfjnlyo eof{`nao nu ~l {nl&

ucfjnlyo s~n yjnln {ow oganyo n` eolneycw òinueolneycio, {ows~n n` f~lio eofo un loumc {wnunlycio inuin `c jlclejc nu ~l f~liowcbfnlycio, f~yj`cio z wceejolcio, ijuej&{`jlcw, {ow n`ò nuyn l~nto {nlucfjnlyo nu~lc wni in wninu, yoicu n``cu jlynweolneycicuz nl`cqcicu, s~n g~uec mj`cw yoicu `cu {oujgj&`jicinu, nu ~l {nlucfjnlyo in c{nwy~wc, lo inejnwwn, nu ~l {nlucfjnlyo jlcecgcio iolin`c jlenwyji~fgwn, n` inuowinl z n` cqcw yjnlnlecgjic, {ows~n uj lo yofcfou nl e~nlyc nuyouywnu ceyownu n` eoloejfjnlyo z n` {nlucfjnlyoun e`c~u~wcl Nuyn {nlucfjnlyo ijtnwbn in`{nlucfjnlyo ujf{`n s~n c u~ tnq nu `jlnc`, nuinejw, ec~uc&nneyo N` {nlucfjnlyo ujf{`j&eclyn nu jlec{cq in eolengjw `c eola~lejl inò ~lo z ò f`yj{`n -~ljycu f~`yj{`n}* O ~lj&ec cguywceycfnlyn cl~`clio c ijtnwujici o,{ow n` eolywcwjo, z~}yc{oln `c ijtnwujici ujleolengjw `c ~ljici

N` fjufo c~yow {`clync in ywnu {wjlej{jou{cwc {nlucw c eof{`najici13 Nl n` {wjlej{jo ijc`bjeo, {ow nanf{ò,

owinl z inuowinl uol iou nlnfjbou1 ~lou~{wjfn c` oywo {nwo, c` fjufo yjnf{o,nl ejnwyou ecuou, eo`cgowcl z {woi~enl`c owbcljqcejl z `c eof{`najici N` {wjl&ej{jo ijc`bjeo lou {nwfjyn fclynlnw `ci~c`jici nl n` unlo in `c ~ljici Cuoejciou ywfjlou c `c tnq eof{`nfnlycwjou zclycboljuycu

7 [wjlej{jo in wne~wujtjici owbcljqcejolc^l {woenuo wne~wujto nu cs~` nl n` e~c`òu {woi~eyou z òu nneyou uol c` fjufoyjnf{o, ec~ucu z {woi~eyownu in cs~n`òs~n òu {woi~en Uofou òu {woi~eyou in~l {woenuo in wn{woi~eejl s~n nu clyn&wjow c louoywou [nwo, ~lc tnq s~n uofou{woi~ejiou, lou to`tnfou {woi~eyownu in`{woenuo s~n tc c eolyjl~cw @c uoejnicinu {woi~ejic {ow `cu jlynwceejolnu nlywnjlijtji~ou, {nwo `c uoejnici, ~lc tnq {wo&i~ejic, wnywoceyc uogwn òu jlijtji~ou zòu {woi~en

5 [wjlej{jo moòbwcfyjeo Nl ~l moòbwcfcujeo, n` fnlow {~lyo in c jfcbnl in` moò&

bwcfc eolyjnln `c ecuj yoyc`jici in `c jlow&fcejl in` oganyo wn{wnunlycio Lo uò `c{cwyn nuy nl n` yoio, ujlo s~n n` yoio nuynl `c {cwyn Nuyn {wjlej{jo nuy {wnunlyn nl

n` f~lio gjo`bjeo z nl n` f~lio uoejo`&bjeo -Fowjl, N 3::;13;>&3;2*^lc tnq n}{~nuyo ò clynwjow, z ujb~jnlio

fj cwb~fnlyo, {wo{olbo ~yj`jqcw n` eolen{yoin eonto`~ejl, uyn nlynlijio eofo ~l uju&ynfc nuyoeuyjeo in ecfgjo nto`~yjto, {ow&s~n òu ujuynfcu l~lec un inucwwo``cl nl ~lcfgjnlyn nuyyjeo Nl `c eonto`~ejl, `c jlyn&

wceejl nu ~l ceyow ~liclyn {cwc s~n nuynecfgjo intnlbc ^l nanf{ò nu n` jlijtji~o,s~n nl u~ nyc{c in ewnejfjnlyo, `c cfj`jcwn{wnunlyc n` neoujuynfc eonto`~yjto Inlywoin` ujuynfc cfj`jcw, ecic fjnfgwo inynw&fjlc cu eolijejolnu {cwc n` inucwwo`ò in ouinfu @c nto`~ejl m~fclc lo {~nin eof&{wnlinwun ujl u~ jlynwwn`cejl eol `c e~`y~wcs~n intjnln in n``c nl ~l g~e`n7

75


7 G~e`n wne~wujto1 loejl nunlejc` {cwc eolengjw òu {woenuou in c~yoowbcljqcejl z in c~yo{woi~eejlEoluyjy~zn ~l ejwe~jyo iolin ou nneyou wnywoceycl uogwn cu ec~ucu, iolin ou {woi~eyou uol nl u fju&fou ewnciownu in ò s~n {woi~enl


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Cmowc {cunfou c n}{`jecw iou ywjljicinunl ~lc {nwu{neyjtc eof{`nac, ecic n`nfnlyoin nuycu nuy eolynljio nl òu infu, n`òuuol1

c Jlijtji~o/uoejnici/nu{nejn zg Fnlyn&nfoejl&ceejl@c {wjfnwc ywjljici -tcun N Fowjl,

7;;7*, nu `c fu {wjfjbnljc, nu in `c s~n {cw&yjfou nl u~u ywnu eof{olnlynu Jlijtji~o

{ows~n nu n` cu{neyo fcynwjc`, n` u~anyo ujeos~n lofgwc, mcen, {jnluc z ujnlyn

Nuyn eolen{yo nu jf{owyclyn {ows~n `c gjoòbc lou mc fouywcio s~n ljlbl owbc&ljufo jlijtji~c` nu jb~c` c oywo In cm uninu{wnlin s~n `c jlijtji~c`jici nu `c ecwce&ynwuyjec fu jf{owyclyn in `c tjic, `c s~nijuyjlb~n u~uyclejc`fnlyn òu unwnu tjtjnlynuin `cu eoucu jlcljfcicu8 `c ujec in `c gjoò&bc -Folyc`nlyj, 3:29, 33*, -ejycio nl Jlboì,Y3::317:* Nuyn jlijtji~o nu {cwyn c u~ tnqin `c nu{nejnMofo uc{jnlu s~n c u~ tnq nuyowbcljqcic nl f`yj{`nu owfcu uoejc`nu, `cue~`nu ycfgjl c u~ tnq nuyl jfgwjecicu nlijtnwujici in e~`y~wcu@c unb~lic ywcic fnlyn&nfoejl&ceejl

@c {c`cgwc fnlyn un inwjtc in` yn~ylbcf~lij s~n ujbljec, wne~nwio, jlynlejlMc ujio ~yj`jqcic {cwc wnnwjwun c mcgj`jicinufnlyc`nu eofo1 {nwejgjw, jfcbjlcw, wneow&icw, {nlucw, ewnnw, unlyjw, inuncw, inejijw Nl3=95, Aoml Uy~cwy Fj`` cwf1 @o s~n ``cfc&fou fnlyn lo nu lcic fu s~n ~l folylo eo`neejl in ijnwnlynu {nwen{ejolnu, wn~lj&icu {ow ejnwyo yj{o in wn`cejolnu Nl `c Bwnejceùjec [`cyl ijtjij `c fnlyn nl ywnu ~l&ejolnu1 `c eobljyjtc, `c eolcyjtc z `c cneyjtc,e`cujecejl s~n i~w mcuyc n` ujbò ]J]Nl 3493, Inuecwynu nl N` ijue~wuo in` fyoioogunwt s~n òu e~nw{ou ujeou un n}ynliclnl n` nu{cejo z nwcl u~anyou c `nznu inynwfj&ljuycu, fjnlywcu s~n `c fnlyn nwc lo nu{cejc`z `jgwn Ywcijejolc`fnlyn uyc mc ujio jinl&yjecic eofo n}{nwjnlejc eoluejnlyn, nuycjinc nu c `c `~q cùc Zc òu ln~woujòbouz e`ljeou in` ujbò ]J] wneoloejnwol ijnwnl&

ynu ljtn`nu in ~lejolcfjnlyo nl n` ujuynfclnwtjouo z n}cfjlcwol ycfgjl `c ceyjtj&ici fnlyc` jleoluejnlyn eofo R Acfnuz U Dwni

[cwnen unw s~n òu eolynljiou in `c fnlynuol jfbnlnu, {wo{oujejolnu, {nwen{ejl,fnfowjc, `nlb~can, jlyn`jbnlejc, foinòu z{woenijfjnlyou {cwc ``ntcw c ecgo ceejolnuUjl nfgcwbo, {cwc B Gcynuol -3::313>*, `cfnlyn nu `c neoòbc z `c neoòbc nu `c fnlyn,{nwo ycfgjl nu ~lc l~ntc fclnwc in {nl&ucw uogwn `cu jincu z uogwn nuou eolbòfnwc&iou in jincu s~n zo inlofjlo fnlynu Cnuyc fclnwc in {nlucw `c ``cfo `c neoòbcin `c fnlyn o `c neoòbc in `cu jincu

Gcynuol jljej eol c {wnb~lyc1 E~` nu n`{cywl s~n eolneyc c yoiou òu unwnu tjtou? zeole`~z s~n c n{juynfoòbc nwc c wnu{~nuyc[nlucgc s~n mcgc ~lc ~ljici unewnyc in `cgjounwc, `c e~c` {ounc `cu {wo{jnicinu in `cfnlyn Nu{neje unju ewjynwjou13* @c fnlyn eofo ~l cbwnbcio in {cwynu jlyn&

wcey~clynu o eof{olnlynu8

7* @c jlynwceejl nlywn {cwynu in `c fnlyn nu{wotoecic {ow c ijnwnlejc8

5* @ou {woenuou fnlyc`nu wns~jnwnl nlnwbceo`cynwc`8

9* @ou {woenuou fnlyc`nu lnenujycl ecinlcuejwe~`cwnu -o fu eof{`nacu* in inynwfj&lcejl8

>* Nl òu {woenuou fnlyc`nu òu nneyou in `cijnwnlejc ingnl in unw tjuyou eofo ywclu&

N` nlos~n nto`~yjto cio{ycio cs~ y jnln eofo ecwceynwuyjec s~n lo uò cgowicc `c m~fcljici eofo ~l eola~lyo, ujlo c` Mofgwn Eof{`nyo1 lo eofo ~l fnwo eoli~eyow

in e~`y~wc, ujlo ~lc e`cun jlu`jyc in cljfc`, ~lc ewjcy~wc in ecwln z m~nuo,ioycic in unlyjfjnlyou z {cujolnu, s~n ceyc jlynlejolc` z ewncyjtcfnlyn

c ywctu in òu jluyw~fnlyou in s~n iju{olbc {cwc òbwcw wnu~`yciou eolewnyou z {weyjeou

Yjf Jlboì

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N` ioun` cwgwno ^l f~lio in {`clnciownu, ywn{ciownu z eo`bclynu


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owfcejolnu -{ow nanf{ò, tnwujolnu eoij&ecicu in ntnlyou s~n `n {wnenicl*8

4* @c inuewj{ejl z e`cujecejl in nuyou {wo&enuou in ywcluowfcejl wntn`c c anwcws~cin yj{ou `bjeou jlfclnlynu c` nlfnlo-In``, [ 3:=>17*[ow u~ {cwyn, Clyoljo Icfcujo -3::4159*

uouyjnln s~n `c fnlyn nu n` wnu~`ycio1 in`c ceyjtjici ijuewnyc in ecic ~lo in òu iju&yjlyou eof{olnlynu z in `c o{nwcejl eol&enwycic in òu f`yj{`nu eola~lyou s~n X`cVeolowfcl Nl n``c nuyl l~nuywcu jfbnlnutju~c`nu, c~ijyjtcu, uofcyounluowjc`nu, s~n{cwc n` c~yow uol `c gcun in `c fnlyn Ycf&gjl nuyl òu {nlucfjnlyou s~n {~ninl inu&{`nbcw jfbnlnu jlynwlcfnlyn z owinlcw`cunl ~l {woenuo

Fj {oujejl, n}{`jec n` c~yow, nu s~n ~lowbcljufo {wotjuyo in fnlyn, owfc wn{wn&unlycejolnu ln~wc`nu s~n {~ninl ywcluow&fcwun nl jfbnlnu, fclj{~`cwun nl ~l

{woenuo ``cfcio {nlucfjnlyo n jld~jw nl`c eoli~eyc cz~iclio c {wninejw n` ~y~wo,c ywcqcw {`clnu eolowfn c nuc {wntjujl z cn`nbjw `c ceejl ujb~jnlyn Nl yoio ecuo, `cujfbnlnu uol n` eolynljio {wjlej{c` in l~nu&ywou {nlucfjnlyou

Nl e~clyo c` ywfjlo nfoejl, nuyn {wo&tjnln in` `cyl nfotnwn, s~n ujbljec fotnw[cwc Cwjuyyn`nu, nuyn eolen{yo nu eofo ~lcowfc fu o fnlou jlyn`jbnlyn in eolengjwejnwyc ujy~cejl, iofjlcic {ow ~l inuno -{ownanf{ò, nl `c e`nwc, n` inuno in tnlbclqc*Nl u~yjec, jlujuyj nl s~n n` mofgwn g~nloingn unlyjw `cu nfoejolnu eowwneycu nl òufofnlyou eowwneyou, z lo unlyjw `cu jleowwne&ycu -Ec`mo~l, Em 3::419;*

In ce~nwio eol u~ {wninenuow, [`cyl, Cwjuyyn`nu ijtjin c` c`fc m~fclc nl ~lc{cwyn wcejolc` z oywc jwwcejolc`, {nwo c ijn&wnlejc in [`cyl, Cwjuyyn`nu lo nuycg`nen ~lcijtjujl iwuyjec nlywn `cu iou {cwynu Cwb~&fnlyc s~n `cu iou owfcl ~lc ~ljici, z nuyoun c{`jec c `cu nfoejolnu s~n cgcwecl ~l

n`nfnlyo eoblouejyjto, jle`~znlio ewnnlejcuz n}{neycyjtcu uogwn `c {wo{jc ujy~cejl, cueofo unlucejolnu ujecu

Ictji M~fn {woujb~n eol `c jinc inuecw&yjclc s~n cl foyjtc bwcl {cwyn in `cu eol&ywotnwujcu cey~c`nu1 @c wcql nu, z ingn unw,nue`ctc in `cu {cujolnu, -Jgji12*

@c ynowc acfnujclc, owf~`c s~n `c nfo&ejl nu ~lc wnceejl ujo`bjec, nunlejc`&

fnlyn nl u~ ceof{ccfjnlyo unluowjc`1 nùnlyjfjnlyo Dwcleju M~yemnuol z Rj``jcfAcfnu, cwb~fnlycl s~n `cu nfoejolnu uol ~lyj{o nu{nejc` in {nwen{ejl C~ls~n `c jincin s~n `cu nfoejolnu uol {cujtcu n jwwcejolc&`nu -s~nwjnlio inejw s~n lo uol eoblouejyjtcuz s~n uol jwwcqolcg`nu* mc ynljio jld~nlejci~wclyn `cwbo yjnf{o

Ancl [c~` Ucwywn, {~uo nl yn`c in a~jejonuyc jinc c` cwb~fnlycw s~n `cu nfoejolnu un{cwnenl c òu a~jejou -nu{nejc`fnlyn c òu a~j&ejou in tcòw* o jle`~uo s~n `cu nfoejolnu uol~lc nu{nejn in a~jejo o ewnnlejc [cwc Ucwywnnu gujec `c jinc in s~n `cu nfoejolnu nuylijwjbjicu jlynlejolc`fnlyn mcejc òu ogan&you in` f~lio O unc, {~nuyo s~n `cu nfoejo&lnu un ujnlynl nl wn`cejl eol `cu eoucu in`f~lio, lo uol unlyjfjnlyou gw~you, eofo~lc {~lqcic o ~l ioòw cb~io, uol ~lc owfcin nuycw eoluejnlynu in` f~lio

[ow yclyo, `cu nfoejolnu uol nlfnlou

f~`yjijfnlujolc`nu Nl {cwyn, uycu uol nuyc&iou cneyjtou, u~ganyjtou, s~n mcenl s~n louujlycfou in fclnwc nl eolewnyo, {ow nanf{ò,wcgjouou o n`jenu @cu nfoejolnu ycfgjl uolwnu{~nuycu gjo`bjecu, wnceejolnu ujo`bjecus~n {wn{cwcl c` e~nw{o {cwc `c ceejl cic{&ycyjtc E~clio lou nfoejolcfou, l~nuywoue~nw{ou nuyl nl ~l nuycio in ceyjtcejl s~nlo un ic e~clio lo unlyjfou nfoejl8 l~nu&ywo eowcql nf{jnqc c `cyjw eol ~nwqc, òufue~òu un ynlucl z `c wnu{jwcejl cen`nwcu~ wjyfo @cu nfoejolnu ycfgjl uol ~lejo&lc`nu jb~c` s~n ò nu n` mcfgwn @c wcgjc lou{wn{cwc {cwc `c `~emc eolywc ~l nlnfjbo z n`fjnio lou {wn{cwc {cwc m~jw in` {n`jbwo Cuj&fjufo, `cu nfoejolnu uol nlfnlou e~`y~&wc`nu, mcz ntjinlejc s~n `c wjs~nqc, ycfcoz eolynljio in` `nlb~can nfoejolc` ijnwnin ~lc e~`y~wc c oywc, nlyolenu nleolywcfouwnb`cu, ewnnlejc z wjy~c`nu nfoejolc`nu

E~lycu nfoejolnu ujnlynl cu {nwuolcu?òu jltnuyjbciownu yjnlnl ntjinlejcu in s~nc` fnlou unju unlyjfjnlyou un n}{nwjfnlycl

nl yoio n` f~lio1 c`nbwc, jwc, nloao, fjnio,uow{wnuc z ywjuynqc Tcwjcu oywcu, jlynwu, tnw&bnlqc, inu{wnejo z e~`{c nlywn n``cu, ycf&gjl {~ninl unw ~ljtnwuc`nu

Nl ~l cwye~ò in 3::7, [c~` Nhfcl, nu{n&ejc`juyc inuycecio {ow u~ ywcgcao uogwn `cunfoejolnu, inyc`` òu l~ntn ewjynwjou s~n, nlu~ o{jljl, {nwfjynl ijuyjlb~jw `cu unju nfo&ejolnu gujecu

N` eoloejfjnlyo nu c`bo s~n nuy eofo ynajio o ywcfcio, eofo ~lc yn`c,z s~n ecic {nicejyo in eoloejfjnlyo uò yjnln unlyjio o ~yj`jici bwcejcu

c ou oywou {nicejyou

Bwnbowz Gcynuol

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Nl {wjfnw `~bcw, z c {cwyjw in `c oyobwc&c in ffjecu cejc`nu ujf{`nu z ecwceyn&wuyjecu, eof{wog s~n ejnwycu nfoejolnuuol ~ljtnwuc`fnlyn wneoloejg`nu Eoljlin{nlinlejc in u~ un}o, lcejolc`jicio e~`y~wc Yoiou òu u~anyou jlynwwobcioueole~nwicl nl ò yoeclyn c c n}{wnujl inc`nbwc, e`nwc, ywjuynqc, fjnio, cueo z uow&{wnuc Ogy~to `cu fjufcu wnu{~nuycu nlN~wo{c, Ac{l, Lowyncfwjec z U~icf&wjec L~fnwouou ywcgcaou {ouynwjownu mcleolwfcio `c ~ljtnwuc`jici in `c n}{wn&ujl z in` wneoloejfjnlyo in òu ujblounfoejolc`nu {wjfcwjou

[wneju inu{~u s~n `c n}{wnujl innuycu nfoejolnu gujecu nwc unfnaclyn nll~fnwouou {wjfcynu @c mcgw mnwnicion` mofgwn in u~u clenuywou `naclou nl n`cljfc` nu ~l n`nfnlyo ~licfnlyc` in `cynowc icwrjljclc

Yoicu nuycu bwclinu nfoejolnu eof{cw&ynl `c ecwceynwuyjec in nuycw cuoejcicu c~l eola~lyo in icyou ujo`bjeou nu{ne&

eou Cu, n` wjyfo ecwiceo un jlewnfnlyceol `c e`nwc, n` fjnio z `c ywjuynqc, {nwoijufjl~zn eol `c c`nbwc, n` cueo z `c uow&{wnuc In` fjufo foio, `c ynf{nwcy~wce~ylnc c~fnlyc i~wclyn ~l ceenuo ine`nwc z inuejnlin e~clio un ujnlyn fjnioo ywjuynqc Nuyo {cwnen eolwfcw `c jincin ~lc jluewj{ejl òbnlyjec, nuyo nu,~lc jluewj{ejl nl l~nuywo {cywjfoljobnlyjeo s~n un wnfolyc c l~nuywou owbn&lnu cljfc`nu fu wnfoyou

^l e~cwyo ewjynwjo in un`neejl unwc `ccwfolc nu{olylnc nlywn `c n}{nwjnlejcnfoejolc` z u~ n}{wnujl [ow u~{~nuyo,s~n un {woi~enl c`b~lcu ijuoejcejolnu,{nwo u~wbnl in eoltnljnlejc o {ow a~nbo@c {cwcioac in` eofnijclyn nu gjnl eolo&ejic Clyoljo Icfcujo lcwwc `c eoltnwuc&ejl s~n uouy~to eol `c eclyclyn in {nwcWnbjlc Wnuljh, s~n cwfcgc s~n lo unlyc`cu nfoejolnu s~n n}{wnucgc tnwgc` z uj&ecfnlyn e~clio nlecwlcgc ~l {nwuolcan,eol n}en{ejl in u~ jlynw{wnycejl in `c

tjnac eolinuc nl `cIcfc in ijcfclynu, inYemcjhotuhj

^l s~jlyo ewjynwjo nu c tnòejici in inunl&ecinlcfjnlyo, s~n un{cwc `cu nfoejolnugujecu in oywou nuyciou cneyjtou gcuciounl tcwjcejolnu u~yj`nu, e~zcu inynwfj&lclynu uol fu cwi~cu in òec`jqcw nl n`yjnf{o In nuyn foio, `c n~owjc, n` inu&nleclyo z `c yjfjinq {~ninl eolujinwcwun

eofo nfoejolnu une~licwjcu s~n uninwjtcl, wnu{neyjtcfnlyn, in `c c`nbwc,`c ywjuynqc z n` fjnio Lo ycl {wjfcwjcu,uol foi~`cicu {ow `c n}{nwjnlejc, `cu ejw&e~luyclejcu z òu fcywjenu s~n c{owyc n`{nlucfjnlyo U~ inunlecinlcfjnlyo nufnlou {wnejuo

C~ls~n `c n}{nwjnlejc u~ganyjtc in nuycuunju nfoejolnu {~nin unw i~wcinwc, u~ufcljnuycejolnu oganyjtcu {ounnl in` eol& a~lyo in òu g~nlou z fcòu m~fownu onuyciou in ljfo

@cu nfoejolnu gujecu u~wbnl gw~uec&fnlyn, ujl jlynwtnlejl in ~lc to`~lyciin`jgnwcic Ujb~nl `cu tcu foywjenu, unl&uowjc`nu z tnbnycyjtcu, {wninynwfjlcicu{ow `c ujoòbc N` u~anyo uò {nwejgnc~yofyjecfnlyn n` fnecljufo

Eofo nuycu nfoejolnu uol wnceyjtcu, nl{wjlej{jo wnu~`ycl ijej`nu in eolywo`cw zntjycw, c~ls~n {wntnw`cu {nwfjyn wni~ejwu~ nneyo

N` `yjfo ewjynwjo in Nhfcl, c ~ljtnwuc`j&

ici in òu ceolynejfjnlyou inunlecinlcl&ynu, nu ujl i~ic ~lo in òu fu ijue~yjiou,ingjio c ou {cwyje~`cwjufou e~`y~wc`nu yclecwou c òu clywo{òbouNl u~fc, yoio unw m~fclo {~nin unlyjwun

z inejwun n`jq, ywjuyn o clujouo, e~c`s~jnwcs~n unc u~ un}o N`ò lo ujbljec s~n mof&gwnu z f~anwnu n}{nwjfnlynl n` fjufo yj{oin nfoejolnu, eol `c fjufc wne~nlejc, eol`c fjufc jlynlujici Ycf{oeo s~jnwn inejws~n ejwe~luyclejcu clòbcu {wotos~nl nfo&ejolnu jilyjecu nl cfgou un}ou C tnenu m~j&fou in l~nuywcu nfoejolnu o in `cu in oywou-Gwceolljnw, C3::2197&99*

In ilin {wotjnln `c {w~ngc in `c n}ju&ynlejc in nfoejolnu ~ljtnwuc`nu? C`b~lc{woenin in `c jltnuyjbcejl s~n nuy~ijc`c owfc nl s~n `c bnlyn e`cujec òu unlyj&fjnlyou n}{wnuciou nl `c ecwc m~fclc @ouunwnu m~fclou in yoio n` f~lio jle`~znliooywcu e~`y~wcu -{ow nanf{ò, òu cgowbnlnu nlL~ntc B~jlnc z nl òu Iclj in Jwl oeejinl&yc`*, inujblcl nuyou unlyjfjnlyou in fclnwc

f~z {cwnejic Cinfu, yoiou òu m~fclouf~ntnl òu fjufou fue~òu {cwc n}{wnucwnuycu nfoejolnu

N` c{ozo {cwc òu unlyjfjnlyou ~ljtnw&uc`nu ycfgjl {wotjnln in nuy~ijou in {nw&uolcu s~n lcenl ejnbcu z uowicu8 c {nucw ins~n u~u {wog`nfcu òu cu`cl in òu uoljiou z`cu jfbnlnu in `cu nfoejolnu in oywou, clfcljnuycl u~u unlyjfjnlyou eol `cu fju&

@c fjwcic nu in nlywcic ~l eof{wofjuo eol n` f~lio

Ictji @n Gwnyol

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fcu n}{wnujolnu cejc`nu In jb~c` foio, `cuecwceynwuyjecu lo tnwgc`nu in` mcg`c s~n jlij&ecl nfoejl -eofo n` yolo, n` to`~fnl z `cycuc* yjnlinl c unw òu fjufou in ~l jlijtj&i~o c oywo z in ~lc e~`y~wc c oywc

Nl wnu~fnl, lo {~nin n}juyjw, fnlyn znfoejolnu ujl ceejolnu, ceejolnu s~n un ywc&i~enl nl eof{owycfjnlyou z eoli~eycu, yoion`ò jlynwwn`cejolcio n jlynwcey~clio nl zeol n` g~e`n clynwjow1

[cwc wndn}jolcwLo mcen f~emo yjnf{o, nl n` co 7;;9 -7=in cgwj`* c{cwnej nl @c Aowlcic ~l cwye~òyjy~`cio1 U~{wjfn Jyc`jc `c ynowc in Icwrjlin` {`cl in nuy~ijou {cwccio`nuenlynu, z eolyjlcijejnlio s~n c mjuyowjc in`mofgwn unw {wnunlyciceol `c ioeywjlc gg`jec in`c Ewncejl @c `~emc eol&ywc `cu jincu in` ewncejo&ljufo mc ujio jleclucg`n

{cwc òu jlyn`ney~c`nu z nlbnlnwc` mofgwnu z f~anwnus~n un wnujuynl c ewnnws~nn`Mofo uc{jnlu yjnln c`wn&iniow in unju fj` cou

Nl 3:7> nl n` Nuycioin Ynllnuunn un inewny`c Ceyc G~y`nw nl `c s~neoltnwyc nl j`nbc` `c nlun&

clqc z `c ynowc in `c nto`~ejl Cu nu eofojljej n` a~jejo c Aoml Y Ueo{nu, s~jnl ~nce~ucio in nluncw`n nuyc ynowc c u~u nuy~&ijclynu in une~licwjc, c` lc` y~to s~n {cbcw)3;; i`cwnu c` a~nq Inuin nuc {oec c ynowcin Icwrjl mc ujio a~qbcic {ow `cu eowynu nlNuyciou ^ljiou, nl `c cey~c`jici mcz infcl&icu nl 32 nuyciou

Nl F}jeo nuyc ujy~cejl, jln}juynlynmcuyc moz, eofjnlqc c {nw`cwun Zc un nue~&

emcl toenu nl òu fnijou s~n`c jb`nujc nuy cgobclio {ows~n`c wn`jbjl unc jf{cwyjic nl `cunue~n`cu {g`jecu, nl wnc`jicinu {wnoe~{clyn@o s~n s~nicnu `~emcw eolywc `c jblowcl&ejc, `c jlyo`nwclejc z n` clc&yjufo Eofo ijen F Ecqnlctn

-7;;;135*, `c ejnlejc lo {~nininejwò yoio in` f~lio, {nwo s~n,eol wnu{neyo c ò s~n ijen, ucgn {ow s~ò ijen z efo ò mcen8z nu jle`~uo gcuyclyn {oynlynz, nl n` fgjyo s~n mc n`nbjio{cwc u, gcuyclyn `nbyjfc, {cwcu~uejycw u~ {wo{jc eolywcijeejlz eoluyw~jw u~ jblowclejc eofon` foyow jliju{nlucg`n in u~u~y~wou ctclenu

Cujfjufo, eolujinwo s~n `c loejl in e~`&y~wc nu jlmnwnlyn c c wndn}jl in cu ejnlejcuuoejc`nu, {nwo ycfgjl c `cu infu ejnlejcu[ow `cwbou cou, `c clywo{oòbc ~n s~jnl

Ewncfou tjtjw nl n` enlywo in` f~lio? @c ujec z `c cuywolofc lou wn`nbcwolc ~l {ns~no wjlel in` eoufou Lou unlycfou unwnu ljeou, ujf~`cewou in Ijou?

@c gjoòbc lou wni~ao c` nuycy~u in emclbo inul~io Z `c bnofnywc lou wngca c` wclboin ~lc {ns~nc nu{nejn s~n lo oe~{c fu s~n `c fj`jewounb~lic bnoòbc

in `c mjuyowjc in `c yjnwwc Uj `c m~fcljici lo c{cwnej fu s~n cznwnl ~lc fjlue~`c wcfjecejl, `c tjic lo {~nin in ljlb~lc fclnwc

mcgnw ynljio {ow fnyc `c {wn{cwcejl in l~nuywc tnljic

Uyn{mnl Acz Bo~ì

7=



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GCYNUOL, Bwnbowz [cuou {cwc ~lc neoòbc in `cfnlyn, [`clnyc, G~nlou Cjwnu, X3:27V, 3::3

GWCLEOLLJNW, C N` un}o in `cu nfoejolnu, ni

Cliwu Gn`ò, Gcwenòlc, Nu{cc, 3::4EC[WC, Dwjyao @c ywcfc in `c tjic, Clcbwcfc,Gcwenòlc, 3::=

ECQNLCTN, Fjemn` Ijeejolcwjo in `c jblowclejc,Unj} Gcwwc`, Gcwenòlc, 7;;;

EÊMN, Inlzu@c loejl in e~`y~wc nl cu ejnlejcuuoejc`nu, L~ntc Tjujl, G~nlou Cjwnu, 3::4

ICFCUJO, Clyoljo W N` nwwow in Inuecwynu @cwcql in `cu nfoejolnu, Cliwu Gn`ò, Uclyjcbo&Emj`n, 3::4

JLBO@I, Yjf Nto`~ejl z tjic uoejc`, Bwjac`go,F}jeo, X3:=4V, 3::3

HWOYQ, Nuyngcl@c Oywnici e~`y~wc` nlywn ~yo{c z

ejnlejc ^l nuy~ijo uogwn n` owjbnl, n` inucwwo`òz `c wnowjnlycejl in `c clywo{oòbc, ^CF&J zDolio E~`y~wc` Neolfjec, F}jeo, 7;;7

FOWJL, Nibcw Jlywoi~eejl c` [nlucfjnlyo Eof&{`nao, Bnijuc, Gcwenòlc, 3::;

______,N` fyoio T @c m~fcljici in `c m~fclj&ici, Ewyjec, Gcwenòlc, 7;;5

TJ@CW, Unwbjo@c l~ntc wcejolc`jici Eof{wnlinw`c eof{`najici eol fyoiou ywcluijuej{`jlcwjou,Hcjwu, Gcwenòlc, 3::2

Gjg`jobwcdc

{ounc n` folo{o`jo in` eoloejfjnlyo cenwecin `c E~`y~wc z `cu e~`y~wcu Yoicu `cu ijuej&{`jlcu lnenujycl, in c`b~lc fclnwc, {nlucw`c ~ljici in `c m~fcljici nl `c ijtnwujiciNl nuyn ywcgcao g~us~ wn~ljw ò s~n f~z c

fnl~io nuy un{cwcio, òu eolen{you eofonto`~ejl, nto`~ejl e~`y~wc`, eonto`~ejlz e~`y~wc eof{wnlijiou nl `c n{juynfoòbcin `c eof{`najici nl ceejolnu, wnywceejolnu,tjle~`cejolnu, nlywn`cqcfjnlyou, inubcwwc&

fjnlyou, eola~lejolnu n jlynwwn`cejolnu s~nmc jio z tcl eo&eoluyw~znlio c nuyc l~nuywcm~fcljici

[cwc E~em -3::4*, n` mofgwn nu nunlejc`&fnlyn ~l unw in e~`y~wc, nu ejnwyo, {nwo ycf&

gjl nu ~l unw f~`yjijfnlujolc`, ntnlnlejc`,gjo`bjeo, nl oywcu {c`cgwcu eof{`nao[ow `yjfo, ynwfjlo wneowiclio c Fcwbc&

wny Fnci s~jnl {nlucgc s~n òu unwnu m~fc&lou uol eofo jlfjbwclynu nl n` yjnf{o

7:



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Djum&ncynw[juecyow `olbjijbjy~u


31/84

o s~n un {wnunlyc c eolyjl~cejl uol c`b~lcu wndn}jolnu cenwec in` {c{n`s~n y~to n` ywcgcao a~lyo eol `c n}juynlejc in ~lc fnlyn ec~uc` nl n`

{woenuo in mofjljqcejl @`cfo cu c ~lc fnlyn s~n un owjnlyc c {nwejgjw,eof{wnlinw z ~yj`jqcw `c ec~uc`jici nl n` f~lio [cwc n`ò, clc`jqo ioueolen{ejolnu in bwcl jlynwu uogwn n` unw m~fclo ^lc, n}{~nuyc {ow A~`joGo`ytjljh -7;;>* nl u~ ogwc Cf{`jcw `c fjwcic ^l l~nto nlos~n uogwn `c

{ogwnqc z n` downejfjnlyo m~fclo3

@c oywc, n}{~nuyc {ow Ictji M~fn -325:*nl u~ Ywcycio in `c Lcy~wc`nqc M~fclc7Nl `cu ujb~jnlynu `lncu un clc`jqcwl òu {wjlej{c`nu mjyou in `c nto`~&

ejl m~fclc, wn{cuclio c`b~lou in òu {woenuou in mofjljqcejl8 {ouyn&wjowfnlyn n}{oliw `cu jincu uogwn `c nunlejc z `c lcy~wc`nqc m~fclc s~nyofo in c ogwc in Go`ytjljh z in M~fn, wntjulio`cu c c ~q in c {c`nocl&ywo{oòbc Eole`~jw clc`jqclio uj nuyn {clowcfc nu yj` {cwc nlwjs~nenwl~nuywc fjwcic uogwn cs~n`ò s~n lou mjqo m~fclou

^l wneowwjio c t~nò in {acwo uogwn `c nto`~ejl m~fclcN` owinl in òu {wjfcynu, c` s~n {nwynlnenfou, c{cwnen mcen ~lou 9>&>;fj`òlnu in cou -fic* @c {wjlej{c` ecwceynwuyjec s~n ò un{cwc in òuinfu fcfnwou nu `c ec{cejici {wnluj`1 {ounnl fclou, ejleo iniou nl`cu e~cywo n}ywnfjicinu, ~l {~`bcw nl c`b~lou ecuou o{oljg`n, ~cu nl tnqin bcwwcu C o cwbo in ou ujb~jnlynu 9; fic, nuyn bw~{o un ijtnwuje mcuyc``nbcw c ~l lfnwo u~{nwjow c 7>; nu{nejnu Inuin `c {nwu{neyjtc in `c nto&`~ejl m~fclc, f~emou ecwceynwnu jf{owyclynu u~wbjnwol nl nuyc nyc{c1 nècfgjo in iofjlclejc in` unlyjio in` o`cyo {ow n` in `c tjuyc8 `c òeofo&ejl gwcs~jciowc z, mcen nlywn unju z e~cywo fic, `c gj{ninuycejl5

Un mcg`c in mofljiou e~clio mcg`cfou in {wjfcynu g{niou, jle`~&znlio c l~nuywc nu{nejn Inlywo in òu blnwou in mofljiou 9, Mofo

^l {wjfcyn eol c{nyjyo n{juyfjeo

[nluclio `c nto`~ejl m~fclc eol M~fn z Go`ytjljh

C~wc @ [olen in @nl!

Jlywoi~eejl

53

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! @c ioeyowc C~wc @ [olen in @nl nu jltnuyjbciowc in` Enlywo in Nuy~ijou Djòu&eou, [o`yjeou z Uoejc`nu Tjenlyn @ofgcwio Yo`niclo in `c Unewnycwc in Ni~&ecejl [g`jec

3 Go`ytjljh, 7;;>7 M~fn, 7;;75 Rcumg~wl, 3:::1 2&329 In ce~nwio eol En`c -7;;71 77=&7>2*, unju uol òu blnwou s~n {~ninl eolujin&

wcwun mofljiou1 Cwij{jymne~u, Owwowjl, C~uywcò{jymne~u , [cwclymwo{~u, Hnlzcl&ymwo{~u zMofo


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{wnunly, eofo wcubo inwjtcio, {wo{jo in`blnwo, ~lc ynlinlejc c` ewnejfjnlyo inènwngwo N` ycfco enwngwc` in `cu nu{nejnuin nuyn blnwo {cu, in ~l fljfo in >;; eenlMofo mcgj`ju, mcuycMofo uc{jnlu, eol ~lc

fnijc in 39>; ee Nuyn ewnejfjnlyo oe~wwj,nl u~enujtou jlewnfnlyou, in mcen 7> ficmcuyc mcen c`wniniow in 37; fj` @cu nu{nejnujlynwfnijcu nl cu s~n nuyn jlewnfnlyo {~ninc{wnejcwun fnaow uol1Mofo nwney~u, mcen 3>fic, eol ~lc fnijc in :>; ee zMofo uc{jnlucwecjeo, mcen >;; fj` cou, eol ~lc fnijc in37>; ee

C {cwyjw in `c c{cwjejl nl wjec in l~nu&ywo blnwo, `c mjuyowjc lcy~wc` un nlywnfnqe`ceol `c mjuyowjc e~`y~wc` Mcen 7> fic c{cwn&enl òu {wjfnwou ~ynluj`jou in {jniwc yc``cic C `cu {wjfnwcu nyc{cu in cgwjecejl f~zw~ijfnlycwjc in yj`nu, s~n un {woòlbcl {owejnlyou in fj`nu in cou, `n ujb~nl nyc{cu inyc``c fu uouyjecic, ~uo {wogcg`n in ~nbo,jlijejou in eoli~eycu eofo n` nlynwwcfjnlyoin òu f~nwyou @c jfcbnl s~n ynlnfou uogwn`c owfc in tjic in `cu nu{nejnu mofljicus~n tjtjnwol i~wclyn nuyn `cwbo {nwjoio,ouej`c in bw~{ou o gclicu in {wjfcynu ecwwo&nwou, mcuyc bw~{ou owbcljqciou in mgj`nuecqciownu z wneo`neyownu

Mcen nlywn 4; z 9; fj` cou, c{cwnejn&wol eoli~eycu s~n cuoejcfou fu c `c tjicm~fclc foinwlc1 ~l bwcl jlewnfnlyo nl `cfoijecejl in mgjycyu, c{cwjejl in` cwyn,ce~ucic n}{nwyjejc nl `c n`cgowcejl in yj&`nu Un ~yj`jqc m~nuo, fcinwc, yoic e`cun in{jniwcu z un n`cgowcl ~ynluj`jou f~z nu{nejc&`jqciou Zc nl n` Moòenlo, n` cey~c` {nwjoiojlynwb`cejcw jljejcio mcen ~lou 3; fj` cou,oe~wwnl `c uninlycwjqcejl, `c c{cwjejl in `ccbwje~`y~wc z c bclcinwc, c nuywcyjecejl in`cu uoejnicinu, `c nuewjy~wc8 u~wbnl `cu {wjfn&wcu ej~icinu @c mjuyowjc foinwlc cynuyjb~cecfgjou fu tnwyjbjlouou1 `cu wnto`~ejolnuejnlyec n jli~uywjc` z, zc nl l~nuywou yjnf&{ou, `c ejgnwlyjec, `c nu{cejc`, `c bnlfjec zoywcu fu wn`cejolcicu eol c gjoyneloòbc z`cu ejnlejcu eobljyjtcu @c mjuyowjc in `c nto&`~ejl m~fclc f~nuywc cu ~lc jlynwceejlnlywn nlfnlou gjo`bjeou, fu inynwfj&lclynu nl òu jljejou z nlfnlou e~`y~wc`nu,in fczow wn`ntclejc {ouynwjow

Mcz c`bl jf{~ùo {cwyje~`cw o uc`yo ew&

yjeo s~n eolujinwnfou s~n ~n n` jljejo in`{woenuo s~n eoli~ao c `c c{cwjejl in Mofouc{jnlu? Yoio {cwnen c{~lycw c `c jinc in s~nlo m~go ~l ntnlyo ljeo, in ujbljecejlinejujtc, nl n` jf{~ùo nto`~yjto s~n eoli~ao

mcuyc louoywou, ujlo tcwjou Un ywcyc in `c eol&a~lejl in ijtnwucu tcwjcg`nu

Nl ò s~n un wnnwn c òu wcubou clcyfj&eou òu fu inuyceciou uol `c o{oljgj`jiciin` {~`bcw, `c iofjlclejc in` unlyjio in `c

tjujl, c {ouy~wc nwb~jic z `c fczow nlenc`j&qcejl Nl e~clyo c òu nlfnlou e~`y~wc`nu,mcz ntjinlejcu cws~no`bjecu in {woi~eejlin ~ynluj`jou zc mcen fu in iou fj`òlnu incou, cu eofo in cine~cejl in mgjycyu mcen3= fic Wn`cejolclio `c ntjinlejc cws~no`&bjec eol `c {wjfcyo`bjec un wneoloenl jlij&ejou in owfcu {cwyje~`cwnu in tjic uoejc` s~n{oiwcl mcgnw jle`~jio ~lc jlej{jnlyn ijtj&ujl in` ywcgcao z ~lc eoli~eyc in eof{cwyjwc`jfnlyou> Oywou wcubou lo un wndnacl nl n`wnbjuywo uj` lj nl n` cws~no`bjeo, {nwo uneolujinwc s~n ~nwol in bwcl wn`ntclejc nll~nuywo {woenuo nto`~yjto1 `c eoli~eyc fowc``c ijuyjlejl nlywn n` gjnl z n` fc` n` `nl&b~can, n` cwyn

N` nlb~can yjnln ~l ~bcw enlywc` @c ywclu&fjujl in ~lc mnwnlejc e~`y~wc` in `c fcblj&y~i in `c m~fclc, uò nu {oujg`n c ywctu in~l fnecljufo in c`fcenlcfjnlyo in jlow&fcejl n}ywcuofyjeo1 n` `nlb~can, `c fnfo&wjc eo`neyjtc Nl e~clyo c `c jf{owyclejc in`c tjic uoejc` lo cuoejcic c` ywcgcao, ~l {wj&

fcyn eol ycl {oecu iju{oujejolnu ujecu {cwcn` eofgcyn, lo mcgwc {oijio uogwntjtjw ujl n`c~}j`jo in u~ ywo{c, nun {woyneyow wn~bjo eol&ywc n` cycs~n in òu in{wniciownu Z s~ inejwin` e~jicio {cwnlyc` in cwbo {`cqo, {wjlej{c`bcwclyn in `c uogwntjtnlejc z in `c ywclufj&ujl in `c n}{nwjnlejc c` wnejl lcejio, s~nlcic ucgn

S~ {oinfou inejw in` enwngwo? ^lenwngwo s~n c`gnwbc ~lc fczow eclyjici inln~wolcu {oujgj`jyc ~lc fczow eclyjiciin ec{cejicinu41 `c eof~ljecejl, n` fcln&ao in ~l nlyowlo eof{`nao, n` ywcgcao N` ywc&gcao nu ~lc ceyjtjici s~n foije `c wn`cejlin l~nuywc nu{nejn eol u~ fnijo z eol u~uunfnaclynu eolywjg~znlio in owfc ew~ejc`c` jf{~ùo nto`~yjto mcejc n` unw m~fclo

Yoiou nuyou eof{owycfjnlyou {~ninlnleolywcwun nl owfc w~ijfnlycwjc, z nl oec&ujolnu uouyjecic, nl oywou cljfc`nu [jl&unun nl n` ecuyow, jlbnljnwo in neoujuynfcu8`cu cgnacu z `cu mowfjbcu, eoluyw~eyowcu infowcicu, eol u~ jlynluc tjic uoejc` @c e~wjo&

ujici in òu bcyou, `c tjic bwnbcwjc z cneyjtcin òu n`nclynu, u~ ewjclqc in `cwbo {`cqo, `ccuy~ejc in` qowwo, `c jlyn`jbnlejc in` e~nwto,n` `nlb~can in òu in`lnu Nl e~clyo c òucljfc`nu òbnlyjecfnlyn fu enweclou c

57

C~wc @ [olen in @nl

> Jucce, 3:2=4 Boìgnwb, 7;;7


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louoywou, òu emjf{cleu, {oinfou nl~fn&wcw `c ``cfcic jlyn`jbnlejc fcs~jct`jec, `cc~yoeolejnlejc, `c cgwjecejl z ~yj`jqcejlin jluyw~fnlyou z cwfcu, `c un}~c`jici ijuo&ejcic in `c wn{woi~eejl, `c eoluyw~eejl in

ljiou {cwc iowfjw, `c ec{cejici in c{wnlij&qcan in` `nlb~can in uncu Cu, òu wcubou s~nmnfou eolujinwcio s~n fu lou ecwceynwjqcllo eoluyjy~znl, {ow u uoòu, ~lc w~{y~wc eof&{`nyc eol oywou cljfc`nu Nu ~lc e~nuyjl inbwcio z in eola~lejl

Fn {cwnen ujl nfgcwbo, s~n `cu ijuyjlycunu{nejnu {ounnl owjnlycejolnu ijtnwucu inu~ jlyn`jbnlejc, jluyjlyjtcu, s~n `cu eoli~&enl c un`neejolcw z cynlinw inynwfjlcicu{owejolnu in` f~lio Nl `c c{cwjejl in` unwm~fclo, nu{ne~ò, `c un`neejl mcgwc ctown&

ejio ~lc owfc in `c jlyn`jbnlejc s~n {oiwcecwceynwjqcwun eofo ~lc fnlyn ec~uc` ^lcfnlyn jls~jujyjtc s~n un {wnb~lyc cenwec in`c ec~uc`jici nl n` f~lio S~n un owjnlycc {nwejgjw`c, eof{wnlinw`c z ~yj`jqcw`c ^lc

ynlinlejc s~n mcgwc fcwecio `c ijnwnlejcnlywn òu cljfc`nu ec{cenu in ~ucw z cgwjecw~ynluj`jou unlej`òu z l~nuywc nlowfn ec{cej&ici ywcluowfciowc @c eolijejl s~n clyn&enij c` ywcgcao z ò {oujgj`jy

N` mofgwn eofo mceniow in ~ynluj`jouNl ~lc in `cu ynuju fu cen{ycicu uogwn òu{woenuou in mofjljqcejl, Hnllnym Och`nz,nl 3:9: unc`cgc s~n, mcgjnlio ntjycio `cnu{nejc`jqcejl eow{owc` n}enujtc z wnynljiofclou dn}jg`nu in ejleo iniou2, ou clenuywouin` mofgwn, c` cis~jwjw `c {ouy~wc nwb~jic,inucwwo``cwol `c mcgj`jici in mcenw z fclj&{~`cw ~ynluj`jou Nuyc mcgj`jici `nu {oujgj`jy,clyn untnwcu {wnujolnu nto`~yjtcu {woi~eyo inuns~cu, eoltnwyjwun nl `c fu cic{ycg`n inyoicu `cu ewjcy~wcu

Mcgjic e~nlyc in s~n oywou {wjfcynu uolec{cenu in jf{wotjucw ~ynluj`jou, ~yj`jqcwòuz ewncwòu, un {wnb~lycgc e~` unwc `c ijn&wnlejc wnu{neyo in `c fcl~cey~wc in yj`nunl n` m~fclo, nleolywclio s~n `c in` unw

m~fclo ynlc ~lc f~emo fczow {wnfnijyc&ejl, ~l {nlucfjnlyo eolen{y~c`, ~lc fczow{wntjujl in ~y~wo z, a~lyo eol `c ec{cejicijltnlyjtc, c ec{cejici in eof~ljecw ~lc ywc&ijejl=

N` ywcgcao, `c ec{cejici in foijecw l~nu&ywo nlyowlo, nu ~lc in `cu {wjlej{c`nu ecwce&ynwuyjecu in l~nuywo blnwo: Nle~nlywo nl`c ogwc in A~`jo Go`ytjljh3; ~lc wntjujl eol&

55


2 C{ycu {cwc `c ywn{c in wgo`nu -Och`nz, 3:241 3*= Och`nz, 3:241 3&58 =3: [olen in @nl, 7;;71 :;8 7;;>1 72&5>3; A~`jo Go`ytjljh mc e~nuyjolcio eol bwcl {wo~lijici n` nlos~n tjbnlyn f~lijc`fnlyn nl n` eofgcyn z

n` nuy~ijo in `c {ogwnqc C` ecwceynwjqcw nuyn nlfnlo, Go`ytjljh eoluycyc ~lc ujy~cejl f~lijc` inunu&{nwclqciowc1 {ow ~l cio, ~l lfnwo f~z jf{owyclyn in fjnfgwou in l~nuywc nu{nejn nuyl eolinlciouinuin u~ lcejfjnlyo c ~lc n}juynlejc {wnecwjc, c ~lc n}juynlejc lo m~fclc8 {ow n` oywo, cs~n`òu owbc&ljufou jlynwlcejolc`nu s~n yjnlnl eofo fjujl eolywjg~jw c fjyjbcw n` u~wjfjnlyo m~fclo ec~ucio {owecwnlejcu neolfjecu, mcl c``cio [ow n`ò, inejin n}cfjlcw fnyje~òucfnlyn `cu jlu~ejnlejcu in `cc{wo}jfcejl eclljec nl n` nuy~ijo in` nlfnlo in `c {ogwnqc {cwc n}{olnw `c ec~uc in u~u c`òu Yc`c{wo}jfcejl, u~wbjic in `c eowwjnlyn {wjlej{c` nl `c neolofc, mc {wo{~nuyo un{cwcw òu gjnlnu s~n uninuewjgnl eofo gjnlnu fcynwjc`nu in cs~n`òu lo fcynwjc`nu z inynwfjlcw ~l ~fgwc` nl òu {wjfnwou {cwc

un{cwcw c ou {ogwnu in ou lo {ogwnu N` Gcleo F~lijc`, {ow nanf{ò, mc ywcqcio nuyn ~fgwc` nl ~l i`cwijcwjo{nw e{jyc, eol ~lc c{wo}jfcejl in` yoio e~nuyjolcg`n Nl u~ ogwc, Go ytjljh {~uo nl u~ tnwicinwc{nwu{neyjtc nuycu c{wo}jfcejolnu s~n o`tjicl s~n in u~u wnu~`yciou mcz eolune~nlejcu untnwcu {cwcunwnu m~fclou eolewnyou, z {wo{~uo ~l nlos~n eof{`nycfnlyn l~nto in` {wog`nfc Nl ` a~qbc s~n`c {wjfnwc eolijejl {cwc ywcqcw ~l ~fgwc` ingn unw wntjucw s~ nu n` mofgwn, s~ nu ò s~n wnc`fnlynlnenujyc, z uò nlyolenu, un{cwcw òu cu{neyou neolfjeou z ywcqcw `cu `lncu s~n {nwfjycl inynwfjlcwnuou ~fgwc`nu Nuyn nlos~n {woi~ao ~lc ogwc -Go`ytjljh, 7;;>* s~n ywcu{cuc òu `fjynu ijuej{`jlcwnu inècf{o in `c neolofc {cwc oe~{cw ~l `~bcw inuycecio nlywn `cu ogwcu in tcòw ~ljtnwuc` nl `cu ejnlejcuin` mofgwn z in bwcl {nwyjlnlejc z wn`ntclejc clyn `c bwctn ujy~cejl f~lijc` nl ò s~n un wnnwn c `c{ogwnqc Nu ycfgjl, ~lc ogwc in bwcl jlynwu {cwc `c clywo{oòbc òuec

@c nwc in` mofgwn [oinfou unb~jw `c nto`~ejl in`mofgwn inuin ~l clynenuow wn`cejolcio eol ou folou


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en{y~c` {wo~lic in ò s~n n` ywcgcao nu c `cnunlejc m~fclc

@c nunlejc m~fclcunbl A~`jo Go`ytjljh

Nl u~ cl`juju uogwn `c ljec fclnwc fowcìn nloecw òu jlbnlynu {wog`nfcu in {o& gwnqc nl n` f~lio, Go`ytjljh a~qbc eofoeolijejl ujln s~c lol {cwc inynwfjlcw òu~fgwc`nu in {ogwnqc, {wnb~lycwun s~ nu n`mofgwn, e~`nu uol u~u lnenujicinu, e~`nuu~u fu c`ycu {oynlejc`jicinu, e~`nu u~uecwceynwuyjecu ujlb~`cwnu eofo nu{nejn Zuò nlyolenu, c` eof{wnlinw c` unw m~fclonl u~ eola~lyo, {wnb~lycwun e~`nu unwclòu n`nfnlyou neolfjeou fljfou s~n unwns~nwjwcl {cwc eolywjg~jw c cèclqcw nucu{oynlejc`jicinu U~ nuy~ijo ywcu{cuc `cuwolynwcu in `c {nwu{neyjtc neolfjec ywc&ijejolc` c` {wnb~lycwun {ow n` mofgwn clyn`cu ecwnlejcu8 s~ nu ò s~n ujbljecl uj unywcyc in tjtjw ~lc tjic ijblc, ~lc tjic tnw&icinwcfnlyn m~fclc Un {wnb~lyc s~j&lnu uofou, e~`nu uol `cu ecwceynwuyjecus~n {oujgj`jycwol l~nuywc c{cwjejl nln` f~lio, e~` nu l~nuywc nunlejc Eof&{cwyjfou {~nu, eol `, nucu {wnb~lycuZ u~u wnu{~nuycu uol wn`ntclynu {cwc `c

{c`noclywo{oòbc33

@cu ywnu ~nlynu z ywnu {cwynujlynbwclynu in` eolen{yoin nunlejc m~fclc nl Go`ytjljh[~ninl jinlyjecwun ywnu ~nlynu {wjlej{c`nunl `c ecwceynwjqcejl s~n Go`ytjljh mcen in`c nunlejc m~fclc1 c {wjfnwc, c eolen{ejlòuec fcw}juyc in` unw m~fclo, tjuyc cywctu in `c ogwc in Bjwbz Fcwh~u uogwn `cin` {wo{jo Fcw}, `c unb~lic, `c ynowc in òujluyjlyou z in `c anwcws~c in `cu lnenujicinuin Cgwcmcf Fcuòr z `c ynwenwc, `cu ynujuuogwn `cu lnenujicinu {ne~`jcwfnlyn m~fc&lcu in Nwjem Dwoff37

c* @cu ecwceynwuyjecu nunlejc`nu m~fclcu

unbl Fcw}&Fcwh~u

In ce~nwio eol Fcw}, unbl `c n}bnuju inFcwh~u, ywnu uol òu wcubou nunlejc`nu in` unwm~fclo1 ~lo, n` mofgwn nu ~l unw, e~zc ceyj&tjici tjyc` nu n` ywcgcao, iou, nu ~l unw uoejc`z ywnu, nu ~l unw eoluejnlyn Iou wcubou fu

un fcljnuycl nl n` unw m~fclo c ò `cwbo in

`c mjuyowjc1 `c ynlinlejc c `c ~ljtnwuc`jici zc `c `jgnwyci35

Nl e~clyo c` {wjfnw wcubo, nl `c fnijicnl s~n n` mofgwn nu ~l unw lcy~wc`, mc injlynwcey~cw eol c lcy~wc`nqc {cwc uogwntjtjw

Nuyc jlynwceejl `c wnc`jqc, eofo yoiou òuunwnu tjtou ceyjtou, c ywctu in ~lc ceyjtjicitjyc` @c in` unw m~fclo nu n` ywcgcao @c ijn&wnlejc nlywn oywou cljfc`nu z n` unw m~fclonuycwc, unbl Fcw}&Fcwh~u z Go`ytjljh, nls~n c ceyjtjici tjyc` in ou {wjfnwou yjnlin cucyjucenw u~u lnenujicinu {ow `c tc in c{wo&{jcwun z eolu~fjw ijwneycfnlyn òu oganyou,fjnlywcu s~n nl n` unw m~fclo nuyc ceyjtjiciun wnc`jqc c ywctu in fnijcejolnu

^lc in `cu eolune~nlejcu fu jf{owycl&ynu in` ywcgcao nu s~n, c` foijecw òu oganyou,n` mofgwn cf{`c n` lfnwo z tcwjnici ingjnlnu s~n eolu~fn, {~nu jleow{owc cs~n`òus~n lo {~ninl unw eolu~fjiou ijwneycfnlynujl yc`nu foijecejolnu Ycfgjl jleow{owcoganyou s~n lo nuyl inuyjlciou c` eolu~foijwneyo ujlo uò c` ~uo Nuyc cf{`jcejl inòu oganyou in `c ceyjtjici m~fclc foijecewnejnlynfnlyn `c wn`cejl in` mofgwn eoln` f~lio, mcejlio`c fu eof{`nac z tcwjc&g`n39

Oywc nu s~n c` ewncw l~ntou oganyou, n`

mofgwn eoluyw~zn ~l nlyowlo e~`y~wc` s~njle`~zn yclyo n` fnijo foijecio, eofo òu{cywolnu eol s~n un mc in jlynwcey~cw eol `Nuyou {cywolnu ingnl unw c{wnlijiou, lo nuyliciou lcy~wc`fnlyn N` mofgwn lcen, cu, nl~lc e~lc mjuywjec z e~`y~wc`3>, l~lec {cwynin ~l {wjfnw {wjlej{jo

Cujfjufo, in ce~nwio eol `cu ynuju inFcw} z Fcwh~u, c` cf{`jcw òu nlfnlouin` f~lio s~n mcen oganyo in u~ ceyjtjici,n` mofgwn cf{`c u~u ec{cejicinu1 wneoloenwnb~`cwjicinu nl n` f~lio z `nu eolywc{olnu~ ceyjtjici, cine~lio`c c n``cu8 nuyo ewnc~lc u~nwyn in ewe~ò tjwy~ouo nl iolin ecicec{cejici inucwwo``cic bnlnwc l~ntcu ec{c&ejicinu n, lyjfcfnlyn tjle~`cio, l~ntculnenujicinu34

Nl e~clyo c u~ unw uoejc`, n` mofgwn lo numofgwn ujlo nl `c fnijic nl s~n un wn`cejolceol oywou unwnu in u~ {wo{jc nu{nejn Lcenw ztjtjw nl ~l nlyowlo m~fcljqcio jf{`jec {cwcòu l~ntou unwnu, ~l lnenucwjo c{wnlijqcanin `c owfc in jlynwcey~cw nl nuyn nlyowlo

@c uoejnici nl `c s~n tjtn z u~ `~bcw nl n``c,

59

C~wc @ [olen in @nl

33 Go`ytjljh, 7;;>37Jgji8 {{ >3&7;>35Jgji8 {{ >3&=739Jgji8 { >53>Jgji8 {{ >5&>934Jgji8 {{ >>&>=


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Fnfowz {no{`nMofo fnlu{wotoiow~f


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inynwfjlcl nl bwcl fnijic `c owfc eol&ewnyc in unw in ecic jlijtji~o32

Nl e~clyo c u~ eolijejl in unw eoluejnlyn,nu uyc `c s~n mcen `c ijnwnlejc in` mofgwneol ou infu cljfc`nu, in ce~nwio eol nuyou

ywnu c~yownu N` ywcgcao {woi~en `c eolejnlejcz `c c~yoeolejnlejc m~fclc nl `c fnijicnl s~n mcz ~lc bwcl ijuyclejc, ~lc w~{y~wc,nlywn `c ceyjtjici owjnlycic c `c ucyjuceejlin ~lc lnenujici z `c ucyjuceejl fjufc in`c lnenujici3= Nlywn ou cljfc`nu, unc`cl, clnenujici z n` oganyo in `c lnenujici nuyl~ujolciou, nl n` mofgwn lo, {~nu uyn mccf{`jcio `c bcfc in òu oganyou in u~ lnenuj&ici c yoio n` f~lio s~n `n woinc jle`~znliooganyou ~nwc in u~ {nwen{ejl Cinfu, nl`c fnijic nl s~n ecic oganyo {~nin unw foij&ecio in ijnwnlynu owfcu z {cwc ijnwnlynulnenujicinu, c eolejnlejc m~fclc un ò c{wo&{jc inuin ijnwnlynu {~lyou in tjuyc Nuyo nuò s~n {oujgj`jyc n` {nlucfjnlyo oganyjto z `cc{cwjejl in l~ntcu lnenujicinu c ò `cwbo in`c mjuyowjc, eofo `cu lnenujicinu nuyyjecu, `ce~wjoujici ejnlyec o `cu lnenujicinu nu{jwj&y~c`nu1 ecic oganyo nu ec{ycio fu z fu nlu~ ujlb~`cwjici, jlin{nlijnlynfnlyn in `clnenujici m~fclc3:

N` mnemo in s~n n` unw m~fclo ò unc {ow

u~ eolijejl in unw mjuywjeo, bnlnwc iou wcu&bou cijejolc`nu1 c ò `cwbo in `c mjuyowjc, nùnw m~fclo, {ow `c cf{`jcejl in u~u ec{c&ejicinu, yjnlin c `c ~ljtnwuc`jici z c `c `jgnw&yci7;

Go`ytjljh yofc in Fcwh~u z Fcw}, cu jincuin s~n òu wcubou nunlejc`nu m~fclou uol1 n`ywcgcao eofo u~ ceyjtjici tjyc`, u~ eolijejlin unw uoejc` z u~ eolijejl in unw eoluejnlyn,cu eofo u~ ynlinlejc c unw ~ljtnwuc` z `jgwn

Nuyc c{wo}jfcejl in Go`ytjljh fnwnu~`yc wn`ntclyn, {~nu fn {cwnen s~n eol&ywjg~zn c wne~{nwcw n` tnwicinwo {c{n` in`ywcgcao nl òu owbnlnu m~fclou Nle~nl&ywo s~n `c {c`noclywo{oòbc, nl nun ecfjlos~n yof nl c`bl fofnlyo {cwc unw ecictnq fu z fu ejnlyec, e~c`s~jnw eouc s~n

54

C~wc @ [olen in @nl

32 C~ls~n lo n}e`~ujtcfnlyn, ce`cwc Go`ytjljh8 ou jlijtji~ou eolewnyou lo uol unwnu {cujtou foin`ciou ujlfu {ow u~ nlyowlo, n}juyn ~l n`nfnlyo ceyjto nl ecic ~lo in n`òu -Jgji8 {{ 4;&45*

3=Jgji8 { 45 Mcz f~emou nanf{òu in ejnwyou bwciou in eolejnlejc nl ijuyjlycu nu{nejnu, {ow ò s~n ingnb~cwicwun ejnwyc ijuyclejc in c jinc in s~n ou infu cljfc`nu lo uol unwnu eoluejnlynu Ujl nfgcwbo, c

jinc {wjlej{c`, {oujyjtc, in Fcw}&Fcwh~u z, c` u~uewjgjw`c, ycfgjl in Go`ytjljh, s~n inuewjgn c` mofgwneofo unw eoluejnlyn eofo {woi~eyo in u~ ywcgcao nu cenwycic Mcz ycfgjl oywou cljfc`nu s~n ywcgcacl,oywou s~n un wn`cejolcl eol fnijcejolnu eol òu oganyou in u~ eolu~fo, nu inejw, un nle~nlywcl nl n`wnjlo cljfc`, wn{nyjicfnlyn, eoli~eycu eof{cwcg`nu nl bwciou bnwfjlc`nu c `cu m~fclcu Nl n``cu, `cijnwnlejc lo nuy nl c c~unlejc o {wnunlejc in ~l wcubo o eoli~eyc, ujlo nl n` bwcio nl s~n un fcljnu&ycl1 uò n` mofgwn cf{`c in yc` owfc u~u ec{cejicinu s~n {oujgj`jyc ecic tnq fu `c jle`~ujl in fuz fu oganyou c u~ ~uo z eolu~fo, uò n` mofgwn mc inucwwo``cio ecic tnq fu u~u ec{cejicinu ynelo`&bjecu, uò n` mofgwn mcen lcenw c u~u ewcu nl ~lc e~lc mjuywjec

3:Jgji8 {{ 45&427;Jgji8 {{ 4=&25

Un`tcu c~uywc`jclcu Ywn{ciownu z {wniciownu fcwu~{jc`nu


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nuo ujbljs~n, ywclujy, in g~uecw eof{wnl&inw n` {clowcfc bnlnwc`, c ywcycw in icw ~luo{owyn nf{wjeo c `cu jlynw{wnycejolnu s~nmcen in` wnbjuywo uj` z n` cws~no`bjeo Nuyo~n, nl u~u jljejou, ~lc wnu{~nuyc c `c eol&

ejnlejc s~n cèclq uogwn `c c`yc in wjbow zu~uynlyo in u~u cwfcejolnu [nwo y~to eofoeolune~nlejc s~n ~lc {cwyn jf{owyclyn in u~ywcgcao un inijecwc c `c ewncejl in e~nw{ouin icyou e~clyjeciou, fnijiou {wotnljnl&ynu in ijuej{`jlcu eofo `c {wjfcyoòbc z `ccws~noòbc n}{nwjfnlyc`, s~n ywcycl, nuow&qcicfnlyn, in eoluycycw s~n oywou {wjfcynuycfgjl ~ucl z cgwjecl mnwwcfjnlycu, eofouj mjejnwc c`yc, {nwijnlio `c {nwu{neyjtc bò& gc` z fjljfjqclio, c` uogwnijfnlujolcw n`mnemo in s~n lo uofou òu ljeou, n` nlowfnmnemo in l~nuywc e~lc mjuywjec, {oujgj`jycicuò {ow n` ywcgcao z {ow `c wnynlejl z ywclu&fjujl in u~u }jyou z {woi~eyou c ecic l~ntc bnlnwcejl s~n wnejgn cu, ~lc mnwnlejc ecictnq fu wjec z eof{`nac

g* Fcuòr z `c anwcws~c in `cu lnenujicinu

m~fclcu

Oywo c~yow wn`ntclyn nl n` cl`juju in Go`y&tjljh uogwn `c nunlejc m~fclc nu CgwcmcfFcuòr Wnyofcwnfou cs~ u~u cl`juju uogwn

`c ynowc in `c anwcws~c in `cu lnenujicinum~fclcu z `c ynowc in òu jluyjlyou73

[cwc Fcuòr, c bwclinu wcubou, n}juyn ~lbw~{o in lnenujicinu gujecu s~n uol ~ljtnw&uc`fnlyn eof{cwyjicu {ow òu unwnu m~fc&lou uycu uol1 `cu lnenujicinu ujo`bjecu,`cu lnenujicinu in unb~wjici, cu lnenujicinuin cfow, cneyo z {nwynlnlejc, `cu lnenujic&inu in nuyjfc z c~yonuyjfc z `cu lnenujicinuin c~yowwnc`jqcejl @c ucyjuceejl in nuyculnenujicinu nl n` unw m~fclo nu jf{nwcyjtcz un n}{wnuc nl ~lc anwcws~c in {wn&{oynlejco {wn{olinwclejc Nuyo s~jnwn inejw s~n ~lctnq s~n `c lnenujici fu gujec, n` mcfgwn,mc ujio ucyjunemc, c{cwnen `c ujb~jnlyn lnen&ujici, `c in unb~wjici Nuyc, c `c tnq, {~ninunw wn`cyjtcfnlyn ucyjunemc, eol ò s~n unic {cuo c `c ujb~jnlyn lnenujici, `c in cfow,cneyo z {nwynlnlejc Z cu u~enujtcfnlyn77

Nuyc anwcws~c uò n}{wnuc ~lc bnlnwc&`jqcejl, t`jic nl bwcl {cwyn in òu ecuou,c~ls~n {~ninl nleolywcwun jf{owyclynu

n}en{ejolnu75 Fcuòr unc`c s~n `cu {wjfn&wcu e~cywo uol lnenujicinu inejycwjcu, inecwnlejc, s~n inuc{cwnenl eofo lnenujicie~clio un ucyjucenl @cu `yjfcu, cu in c~yo&wwnc`jqcejl, uol lnenujicinu in ewnejfjnlyo,

s~n lo un ucyjucenl z s~n un nle~nlywcl nl{nw{ny~o inucwwo`ò Yoicu, nl yoio ecuo, uollnenujicinu gujecu

Nl `c ecwceynwjqcejl in Fcuòr, `cu lnen&ujicinu m~fclcu uol jluyjlyojinu U~ ynujuuogwn òu jluyjlyou nu jf{owyclyn {cwc nuycn}{òwcejl

@ou jluyjlyou uol, in ce~nwio eol Fcuòr,~ljicinu foyjtcejolc`nu s~n ~lnl ujnf{wnywnu n`nfnlyou1 ~l jf{~ùo, ~lc eoli~eyc z~l oganyo Nuyc ~ljl nuycwc inynwfjlcic{ow mnwnlejc Ujl nfgcwbo, nlywn fu c`yonuy ujy~cic ~lc nu{nejn nl `c nuec`c `&yjec, fnlou {wnunlynu òu jluyjlyou cu inlj&iou eofo ywcic jf{~ùo&eoli~eyc& oganyo~nwynfnlyn inynwfjlcic {ow `c mnwnlejcs~niclio c ~nwqc in c inynwfjlcejl mnwn&ijycwjc uò {cwc n` jf{~ùo, nl yclyo s~n nòganyo z `c eoli~eyc un t~n`tnl cu~lyo inn`neejl z in c{wnlijqcan

^l nanf{ò s~n gwjlic Fcuòr nu n` jlu&yjlyo un}~c` s~n nl `c wcyc, {ow nanf{ò, nuyinynwfjlcio ecuj {ow `c mnwnlejc, fjnlywcu

s~n nl n` m~fclo ljecfnlyn n` jf{~ùoun mc mnwnicio z `c eoli~eyc z n` oganyo uoln`nbjiou z c{wnlijiou79 [oiwcfou {nlucw nloywou nanf{òu eofo n` jluyjlyo in gus~nicin c`jfnlyo s~n nl n` `nl nuycwc inynwfj&lcio ecuj nl u~ yoyc`jici {ow `c mnwnlejcfjnlywcu s~n nl n` m~fclo ljecfnlyn n`jf{~ùo un mc mnwnicio z `c eoli~eyc z nòganyo mcl in unw n`nbjiou z c{wnlijiou

[cwc Go ytjljh, c lcy~wc`nqc jluyjlyojin in`cu lnenujicinu m~fclcu nu ~lc ynuju i~wcuogwn `c nunlejc m~fclc7>, s~n wnyofc {cwcwn`cejolcw c eol c ynuju in Fcw}&Fcwh~u uogwnn` ecweynw fnijcio in` ywcgcao m~fclo1

Nl nneyo, n` ecweynw fnijcio in` ywcgcao in`s~n {cwynl Fcw}&Fcwh~u u~{oln zc `c w~{y~wcjluyjlyjtc s~n cuoejc c` jf{~ùo -n` mcfgwn*~lc ceyjtjici inynwfjlcic -`c {nwune~ejlz ec{y~wc in ~l oganyo inynwfjlcio ycfgjlbnlyjecfnlyn* E~clio n` mofgwn cgwjec~lc `clqc, wnc`jqc {ow inljejl ~lc ceyjtjici

52


73 Go`ytjljh, 7;;>1 =5&35:8 Fcuòr, 3:951 52;&5:477 Fcuòr, 3:951 527&5=58 Go`ytjljh, 7;;>1 =2&:375 Go`ytjljh, 7;;>1 :>&:48 Fcuòr, 3:951 5=4&5==79 Fcuòr, 3:95, C {wncen yo foyjtcyjol ymnowz,[uzemouofcyje Fni, >, =>&:7, ejycio {ow Go`ytjljh, 7;;>1

335 Nl Fcuòr, 7;;31 7;9, nuyn c~yow unc`c1 ingnfou {`clyncwlou `c ynowc in` jluyjlyo o, eofo zo{wnnwo `cfcw`c, ynowc in c lnenujici gujec8 nu inejw, n` nuy~ijo in cu lnenujicinu, c{wnfjou z inunouowjbjlc`nu, jlywluneou z {cwejc`fnlyn inynwfjlciou {ow `c mnwnlejc

7> Go`ytjljh, 7;;>1 352


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lo inynwfjlcic bnlyjecfnlyn [ow s~ oe~&wwn nuc w~{y~wc {oiw unw ~l fjuynwjo, {nwo nl`c n}juynlejc in `c w~{y~wc z u~ {c{n` enlywc`nl mcenw in` unw m~fclo ~lc nu{nejn wcij&ec`fnlyn ijuyjlyc c yoicu `cu infu, nuyl in

ce~nwio cfgou74

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Mente, cultura y evolución Suplemento_46

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