MIS Lecturer
-
Upload
zul-kifal-yousuf-memon -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of MIS Lecturer
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
1/51
The question of why we need to study The question of why we need to study
information systems and information technologyinformation systems and information technology
??Information systems have become as integrated into our daily business
activities as accounting, finance, operations management, marketing,
human resource management, or any other major business function.
Information systems and technologies are vital components of successful
businesses and organizations some would say they are businessessentials.
Information technology can help all kinds of businesses to improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of their business processes, managerial
decision making, and workgroup collaboration, which strengthens theircompetitive positions in rapidly changing marketplaces.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
2/51
INFORMATION
TECNO!O"#
Hardware
Software
Databases
etworks
!ther related
components
are used to build
I"!#$%&I!S'S&($S
)ayroll
System
Inventory
System
$arketing
System
*ustomer
Service
System
IT Vs ISIT Vs IS
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
3/51
What Do MIS Professionals Do in an Organization?What Do MIS Professionals Do in an Organization?
%nalyze, design, implement and administer Information &echnology+I&
Deliver I& to businesses
%pply I& to business goals
-nderstand I& capabilities to provide valueadded business solutions
*ommunicate with customers and managers to understand their I&
needs
!ver /01 of $IS professionals work outside of I& Industries
+Information &echnology %ssociation of %merica study
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
4/51
MIS ProfessionalsMIS Professionals
%re business oriented, problemsolvers, analyzers, innovators, andcommunicators.
2ork across silos and have a wholesome, horizontal understanding of the
organization.
%re technically competent
%re e3cellent *ommunicators
2ork in many industries4 Healthcare, banking, broadcasting, education, high
tech, music, media, gaming, government, retail, surveillance just about
every industry today depends on $IS
5ridge the I& staff and business clients, relying on strong communication,
business understanding, and technical skills
Sometimes perform technical functions like networking, security, ordevelopment
Sometimes deal with less technical functions such as I& audit, business
analysis, or consulting
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
5/51
Top 10 Reasons to Major in MISTop 10 Reasons to Major in MIS
)lentiful and wellpaid jobs High demand for I& workers and High Salaries #ewarding 6 find solutions, help people and businesses with their I& needs
7ersatile and $obile 6 work anywhere, in any industry
*reative and innovative 6 D! &HI8S9 *#(%&( S&-""9
Solve real problems in business:build bridges between technology,
businesses, and people 8rowth and leadership 6 move ;uickly up the ladder to leadership positions
"un 6 dynamic, fast, never boring
*ommunicate with many people, work in team, build connections
5roaden perspective 6 $IS professionals are uni;uely capable to think
sideways, horizontally, across business functions and silos.
(njoy working with greatest and latest technologies
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
6/51
..
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
7/51
MIS 10 Edition JamesMIS 10 Edition James
!"rien!"rien
$anagement *hallenges. &he challenges of effectively
and ethically managing information technology at the end
user, enterprise, and global levels of a business. &hus,*hapter
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
8/51
MIS 10 Edition JamesMIS 10 Edition James
!"rien!"rien
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
9/51
..
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
10/51
Three #undamentals $y Three #undamentals $y
!"rien!"rien
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
11/51
33rdrd Support of Business Processes andSupport of Business Processes and
Operations.Operations.
As a consumer !ou re"ularl! encounter informations!stems t#at support t#e $usiness processes andoperations at the many retail stores where you sho%. #ore&am%le' most retail stores now use com%uter($asedinformation systems to hel% their emplo!ees recordcustomer purc#ases %eep trac% of in&entor! pa!emplo!ees $u! ne' merc#andise and e&aluatesales trends. Store o%erations would grind to a haltwithout the su%%ort of such information systems.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
12/51
(nd Support of Business )ecision Ma%in".
Information systems also hel% store managers andother $usiness %rofessionals ma)e $etter decisions.#or e&am%le' decisions a$out '#at lines ofmerc#andise need to $e added or discontinuedand what )ind of in*estments they require are
ty%ically made after an analysis %ro*ided $ycom%uter($ased information systems. This functionnot only su%%orts the decision ma)ing of storemana"ers $u!ers and ot#ers $ut also #elpst#em loo% for 'a!s to "ain an ad&anta"e o&er
ot#er retailers in the com%etition for customers.
+am,an(-
"a)ra Eid(-
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
13/51
11stst Support of Strate"ies forSupport of Strate"ies for
*ompetiti&e Ad&anta"e*ompetiti&e Ad&anta"e..
aining a strate"ic ad&anta"e o&er competitorsre+uires t#e inno&ati&e application of informationtec#nolo"ies. #or e&am%le' store management mightma)e a decision to install touch(screen )ios)s in all stores'with lin)s to the e(commerce /e$ site for onlines#oppin". This oering might attract new customers and
$uild customer loyalty $ecause of the ease of sho%%ing and$uying merchandise %ro*ided $y such information systems. Thus' strategic information systems can hel% %ro*ide%roducts and ser*ices that gi*e a $usiness a com%arati*ead*antage o*er its com%etitors
ome deli*ery free
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
14/51
MTMT
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
15/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
16/51
Transaction processing systems. )rocess data resulting from business
transactions, update operational databases, and produce business documents.
Examples: sales and inventory processing and accounting systems.
$rocess contro% systems. $onitor and control industrial processes. (3amples4petroleum refining, power generation, and steel production systems.
Enterprise co%%a&oration systems. Support team, workgroup, and enterprise
communications and collaborations. Examples: e-mail, chat, and videoconferencing
groupware systems.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
17/51
Management information systems' )rovide information in the form of prespecifiedreports and displays to support business decision making. Examples: sales analysis,
production performance, and cost trend reporting systems.
(ecision support systems. )rovide interactive ad hoc support for the decision
making processe Examples: product pricing, profitability forecasting, and risk analysissystems. s of managers and other business professionals.
E)ecutive information systems. )rovide critical information from $IS, DSS, and
other sources tailored to the information needs of e3ecutives. Examples: systems for
easy access to analyses of business performance, actions of competitors, and
economic developments to support strategic planning .
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
18/51
E)pert systems' ?nowledgebased systems that provide e3pert advice and act as
e3pert consultants to users. Examples: credit application advisor, process monitor,
and diagnostic maintenance systems.
*no+%edge management systems' ?nowledgebased systems that support the
creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge within theenterprise. Examples: intranet access to best business practices, sales proposal
strategies, and customer problem resolution systems.
trategic information systems' Support operations or management processes
that provide a firm with strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive
advantage. Examples: online stock trading, shipment tracking, and e-commerce
Web systems.
Functiona% &usiness systems. Support a variety of operational and managerialapplications of the basic business functions of a company. Examples: information
systems that support applications in accounting, finance, marketing, operations
management, and human resource management .
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
19/51
..
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
20/51
Management InformationManagement Information
SystemsSystems Terminology 2onfusion
◦ MIS 4 the study of information technology in $usinesssettin"s, Ali"nment in order to "ain competiti&e andstrate"ic ad&anta"e
◦ "ut' MIS is also term to refer to class of systems used to supportoperational and tactical decision ma%in"
-MIS/
MIS is a disci%line and a %rofession that $rings information and
communication technologies to $usinesses and society.
"y a%%lying information and communications technologies and systems' MISsol*es real $usiness %ro$lems and gi*es competiti&e ad&anta"e to rms.
MIS focuses on the conce%ts and tools necessary for anal!in" desi"nin"plannin" de&elopin" and mana"in" or"aniational informationresources.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
21/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
22/51
Ma5or challenges and o%%ortunities that $usinessmanagers face in managing information systems andtechnologies to meet $usiness goals. #ig 1.16 $rien
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
23/51
5y now you should be able to see that the success of an information system
should not be measured only by its efficiency in terms of minimi-ing
costs, time, and the use of information resources. Success should also
be measured by the effectiveness of the information technology in
supporting an organization@s &usiness strategies, enabling its business
processes, enhancing its organizational structures and culture, and
increasing the customer and business value of the enterprise. It is
important to realize, however, that information techno%ogy and
information systems can &e mismanaged and misapp%ied in such a
+ay that I performance pro&%ems create &oth techno%ogica% and&usiness fai%ures. Aet@s look at an e3ample of what happens after these
failures occur, as well as what can be done to avoid them.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
24/51
Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems
7MIS87MIS8
Management information system 7MIS8 9n MIS %ro*ides managers with information and
su%%ort for eecti*e decision ma)ing' and %ro*idesfeed$ac) on daily o%erations
ut%ut' or re%orts' are usually generated through
accumulation of transaction %rocessing data Each MIS is an integrated collection of su$systems'
which are ty%ically organi,ed along functional lineswithin an organi,ation
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
25/51
*orporate
databases
of
internaldata
Databases
of
e3ternaldata
Databases
of
valid
transactions
!perational
databases
Transaction
processing
systems
Management
information
systems
Decision
support
systems
Executive
support
systems
Expert
systems
5usinesstransactions
Input and
error list
Drilldown reports
(3ception reports
Demand reports
?eyindicator reports
Scheduled
reports
(mployees
*orporate
intranet
%pplicationdatabases
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
26/51
Outputs of a Management Information System
Scheduled reports )roduced periodically, or on a schedule +daily, weekly, monthly
?eyindicator report
Summarizes the previous day@s critical activities
&ypically available at the beginning of each day
Demand report 8ives certain information at a manager@s re;uest
(3ception report
%utomatically produced when a situation is unusual or re;uiresmanagement action
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
27/51
Management Information ystems for Competitive Advantage
)rovides support to managers as they work to achieve
corporate goals
(nables managers to compare results to establishedcompany goals and identify problem areas and opportunities
for improvement
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
28/51
#inancial MIS: in terms o#inancial MIS: in terms o
multinationalsmultinationals;ro*ides 3nancial information to
all 3nancial managers within anorgani,ation.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
29/51
"inancial statements
-ses and management
of funds
"inancial statisticsfor control
!perational
databases
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
&)S
&ransaction
processing
systems
5usiness
transactions
5usinesstransactions
Internet or
Extranet
Internet or
Extranet
"inancial
$IS
5usiness
transactions
Databases of
e3ternal data
Databases of
internal data
"inancial
DSS
"inancial
(S
"inancial
applications
databases
*ustomers,
Suppliers
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
30/51
Buality control reports
)rocess control reports
CI& reports!perational
databases
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
&)S
&ransaction
processing
systems
5usiness
transactions
5usinesstransactions
Internet or
Extranet
Internet or
Extranet
$anufacturing
$IS
5usiness
transactions
Databases of
e3ternal data
Databases of
internal data
$anufacturing
DSS
$anufacturing
(S
$anufacturing
applications
databases
*ustomers,
Suppliers
$#) reports
)roduction schedule
*%D output Manufacturing
Design and (ngineering
$aster )roduction Scheduling
Inventory *ontrol
$aterials )lanning
$anufacturing and )rocess
*ontrol
Buality *ontrol
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
31/51
Sales by customer
Sales by salesperson
Sales by product!perational
databases
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
&)S
&ransaction
processing
systems
5usiness
transactions
$arketing
$IS
Databases of
e3ternal data
Databases of
internal data
$anufacturing
DSS
$anufacturing
(S
$arketing
applications
databases
)ricing report
&otal service calls
*ustomer satisfaction
$arketing $IS Supports managerial activities in product development,
distribution, pricing decisions, and promotional effectiveness
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
32/51
5enefit reports
Salary surveys
Scheduling reports!perational
databases
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
&)S
&ransaction
processing
systems
5usiness
transactions
Human
#esource
$IS
Databases of
e3ternal data
Databases of
internal data
$anufacturing
DSS
$anufacturing
(S
Human
resource
applications
databases
&raining test scores
Cob applicant profiles
eeds and planning
reports
H# $IS 4 *oncerned with all of the activities related to employees
and potential employees of the organization
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
33/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
34/51
Foundation Concepts: The Components of Information SystemsFoundation Concepts: The Components of Information Systems(O’brien)(O’brien)
System concepts underlie all business processes, as well as our understandingof information systems and technologies. &hat@s why we need to discuss how
generic system concepts apply to business firms and the components and
activities of information systems. -nderstanding system concepts will help you
understand many other concepts in the technology, applications, development,
and management of information systems that we cover in this te3t. "or
e3ample, system concepts help us understand4
E Techno%ogy' *omputer networks are systems of information
processing components that use a variety of hardware, software, data
management, and telecommunications network technologies.
E App%ications' (business and ecommerce applications involve
interconnected business information systems.
E (eve%opment' Developing ways to use information technology inbusiness includes designing the basic components of information
systems.
E Management' $anaging information technology emphasizes the
;uality, strategic business value, and security of an organization@s
information systems.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
35/51
..
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
36/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
37/51
/hat is System ?/hat is System ?
% system is defined as a set of interrelated components, with a
clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common
set of objectives by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an
organized transformation process.
Input involves capturing and assembling elements that enter thesystem to be processed. "or e3ample, raw materials, energy, data,
and human effort must be secured and organized for processing.
$rocessing involves transformation processes that convert input
into output. (3amples are manufacturing processes, the human
breathing process, or mathematical calculations.
Output involves transferring elements that have been producedby a transformation process to their ultimate destination. "or
e3ample, finished products, human services, and management
information must be transmitted to their human users.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
38/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
39/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
40/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
41/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
42/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
43/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
44/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
45/51
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
46/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
47/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
48/51
$IS F
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
49/51
IS #unctionsIS #unctions
The successful management of information systems and technologiespresents major challenges to business managers and professionals. Thus,the information systems function represents:
• A major functional area of business equally as important to businesssuccess as the functions of accounting, finance, operationsmanagement, marketing, and human resource management.
• A n important contributor to operational efficiency, employee productivity and
morale, and customer service and satisfaction. The I !unction• A recogni"ed source of value to the firm.
• A major source of information and support needed to promote effectivedecision ma#ing by managers and business professionas.
• A vital part in developing competitive products and services that give anorgani"ation a strategic ad!antage in the goba marketpace.
• A #ey component of the resources, infrastructure, and capabilities of today$snet%or#ed business enterprises.
• A strategic resource.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
50/51
%s a business professional, you should be able to recognizethe fundamental components of information systems you
encounter in the real world. &his demand means that you
should be able to identify4
E &he people, hardware, software, data, and network
resources they use.
E &he types of information products they produce.E &he way they perform input, processing, output, storage,
and control activities.
&his kind of understanding will help you be a better user,
developer, and manager of information systems. %s we have
pointed out in this chapter, this is important to your future
success as a manager, entrepreneur, business professional, or
modern business technologist.
-
8/17/2019 MIS Lecturer
51/51
%oters%oters