[Monografia] A performance drag queen, os usos da barba e seus contextos na cidade de Fortaleza - CE

8/17/2019 [Monografia] A performance drag queen, os usos da barba e seus contextos na cidade de Fortaleza - CE

1/75

XKN\HQZNGFGH HZWFGXFB G@ JHFQÆ

JHKWQ@ GH HZWXG@Z Z@JNFNZ F]BNJFG@Z

JXQZ@ GH ZHQ\NÅ@ Z@JNFB

]HGQ@ OHKQNVXH FBCHNGF AHYHQQF

F ]HQL@QCFKJH GQFE VXHHK , @Z XZ@Z GF AFQAF H ZHXZ J@KWH_W@Z

KF JNGFGH GH L@QWFBHYF-JH

L@QWFBHYF ‚ JHFQÆ

1=6


2/75

1

]HGQ@ OHKQNVXH FBCHNGF AHYHQQF

F ]HQL@QCFKJH GQFE VXHHK , @Z XZ@Z GF AFQAF H ZHXZ J@KWH_W@Z

KF JNGFGH GH L@QWFBHYF-JH

Wrfafbo` g J`!"b#$%` g J#r$`

f&r$!'fg` f` "#r$` g Zr()*` Z`")fb

g` J!'r` g H$'#g`$ Z`")f)$ F&b)"fg`$

gf X!)(r$)gfg H$'fg#fb g` Jfr+, "``

r#)$)'` &fr")fb . `a'!*%` g` '/'#b` g

af"ofrb=

@r)!'fg`rf6 ]r`f= Grf= Cfr)f g` Z`"`rr`

Lrr)rf @$'r!

L@QWFBHYF : JHFQ7

18


3/75

?


4/75

>


5/75

9

FQFGHJNCHKW@Z

]r))rf!' f )!of f/b)f, # &r)!")&fb &`!'` g f&`)` '`g`$ `$

`!'`$= C)!of ffgf $`r*fgf %, G!)$ Fb)gf, f4rfg*` &`r '`g` `

f`r, f&`)` f'!*%`= F` # &f), Lrf!")$"` A2rrf, &`r $r )!of )!$&)rf*%` g

$r!)gfg= F )!of )!)4#fb+(b 3!)"f ')f, Lrf!")$"f Cfr)f C`r)rf B`)`bf, &`r $r

)!of $4#!gf % )!$')+(b "`&f!o)rf )!"!')(fg`rf= F fgr)!of

Zf!')!of &b` f&`)`= F ')f B`#$f, ')f Z`"`rr` (`(; A`r`$f &`r $'fr !f af$

g$$f f/b)f )!"r/(b "o)f g f`r=

F4rfg*` f` # )!$')+(b f)4`, Q#0 F#rMb)` Q`b), # &r$'`# g '#g`

&frf # $$f `!`4rf)f f"`!'"$$ '"bfg`, `#$, )'f 4`fgf, `) `';4rf`,fr')$'f, f#)fg`r, &)!'`r #f )!)!)gfg g `#'rf$ "`)$f$ !%` '!o` "``

!$#rfr $#f f#gf `# &r$$fr ` #f!'` bf `) )!g)$&!$+(b=

Z)!'`- 4rf'` $`r'#g` &`r 'r "#r$fg` Zr()*` Z`")fb g$$f `rf f4rfg*` f`

"#r$` &`r 'r fbfr4fg` #$ o`r)2`!'$, `$'rf!g`- # !`(` #!g` "o)` g

()$$ "r/')"f$ rb)(f$= F$ &r`$$`rf$ # fr"frf )!of 'rf';r)f Q#'o

A)''!"`#r', Ebb0 C!2$, K+40bf Gr#`!g, Hrb!)f Z`arfb, Hb0g)f!f Z`#2f,

Wr$f Jr)$')!f, Ebb0!)f Lfr)f$, Zf!grf B)f !'r `#'rf$= F4rfg*` f` &r`$$`r#b)f!` fgbof &`r 'r g$&r'fg` !f#b fb#!` g $4#!g` $$'r # (`rf2

g$` g $'#gfr '`r)f $`")`b;4)"f=

F4rfg*` f` 4r#&`, # &`r "r'` &r/`g` )"`# "`!o")g` "`` shcprh thc ehkth

prf jofcfr gh kús, f` J!'r` F"fgI)"` B)(r g Zr()*` Z`")fb JFBZZ= D`"I$

`rf `$ &r`b$`r$ g #f 4rf!g r()rf(`b'f, ` rr%` # # $'f(f

&r")$f!g` &frf fb*fr !`(`$ (``$= rf'` f Abbf, W#f!0, N#r), Z)`!, Qf#b, J`rf,

Kf'f!, Hf!#b=F` ]r`4rff g Hg#"f*%` W#'`r)fb ]HW, !` gf &r`$$`rf Ob!f Lr`'f, &`r

'r f"`bo)g` gfg` . `&`r'#!)gfg g$$f ()(I!")f= H$$ 4r#&` !$)!`# `

(fb`r g` 'rfafbo` 4r#&`= F$ )!of$ )!$')+()$ f)4f$, "`b4f$

"`&f!o)rf$ g #)'f$6 f!f)!f @b)()rf #b)f!f Frf3`, M #f &!f # !`$$`

'&` #!'` '!of # f"fafr=

F4rfg*` f Wof/$ Jf$'r` FgMb)f Gff$"!`, &`r 'r $)g` )!of$ )M)$ f)4f$

"`b4f$ g#rf!' $$ '&` g 4rfg#f*%`= K%` '!o` "`` &f4fr ` f&`)` #


6/75

5

r"a) g (`"I$, f$ f#) r4)$'r` # #)'` `ar)4fg`= WfaM g(` 4rf')g%` f

Ebb0 Cfr)f Hr"/b)f C!g`!*f=

F4rfg*` f` @a$r(f';r)` g D)`bI!")f J`!'rf f C#bor @AZHQDHC !f &$$`f gf

]r`= Gr= Z`"`rr` @$'r! &bf $#f 'r!f `r)!'f*%` r'`r!`$ $&r #)'`

"`&r!$)(`$= F` 4r#&` g $'#g`$ &$#)$f I!r`, Lf/b)f rf*%` !f$

]`b/')"f$ Z`")f)$=

F4rfg*` f#bf$ &$$`f$ # g)$$rf # # $'f(f !` b#4fr rrfg`, #

Zr()*` Z`")fb !%` rf # "#r$` # # g()f g$)$')r= D`"I$ grf f)$

`r*f &frf $4#)r r!'=

F4rfg*` f G#$, &`)$ &frf "`&b'fr #f 'rf';r)f "`` $$f, &r")$) g #)'f

M "`rf4= F $&)r)'#fb)gfg f)`r `) )!of 4rf!g fb)fgf=


7/75

QHZXC@

@ #!)(r$` grfe quhhk M "`&`$'` &`r "!'!f$ g !#f!*f$= Z%` r`#&f$

'rf(f4f!'$, oneo jùturh, fgr*` ar)bo`$`$, 4b)'r, f#)f4, 4bf`#r= F$ grfe

quhhks (fr)f g f"`rg` "` $# $')b`= Fb4#f$ $%` f)$ )!)!f$, `#'rf$ f)$

"`!")'#f)$, #f$ f'M #$f afraf= $àr $$f$ 3b')f$ # $$ $'#g` (f)

)!($')4fr= @ à')(` M g$arf(fr f rfb)gfg # !(`b( f$ grfe quhhks afrafgf$,

$# &r`"$$` g `!'f4, $#f &r"&*%` $àr $) $àr f$ `#'rf$ grfe quhhks

!`$ $&f*`$ g o`c`ss`jnfn!ngfgh gf ")gfg g L`r'fb2f-JH= G!'r` g$$

"`!''`, !'!gr `$ $)4!))"fg`$ # $'%` !(`b'`$ !` $/a`b` gf afraf )!$r)g`

!` #!)(r$` grfe quhhk $#f$ r&r"#$$$ f !/(b $`")fb= ]frf )$$` #$`#-$ f)!$r*%` !` "f&` f'rf(M$ gf à$r(f*%` f$$)M'r)"f, !'r()$'f $)$'r#'#rfgf

r4)$'rfgf f'rf(M$ g 4rf(fg`r g (`2, à$r(f*%` &fr')")&f!' r4)$'rfgf f'rf(M$

g g)+r)` g "f&`= F &$#)$f &f$$`# &`r `!'`$ g &r)!'f*%`

()(I!")f$ #!'` f` "f&` f$ &$$`f$ &$#)$fgf$= W#g` )$$` r$#b'`# #

''` `!`4r+)"` af$fg` r()$%` g b)'rf'#rf &$#)$f g "f&`= @ $'#g`

"`!"b#)# # f grfe quhhk afrafgf, f$$) "`` f grfe quhhk g #f f!)rf

4rfb, f&r$!'f #f phr"`rcfkjh g)$$)g!' gf#)b` $`")fb!' $&rfg` g`$o`!$ #bor$= Hbf$ "`!'r)a# &frf g$"`!'r#)r )!fr `$ "f&`$ g

b4)')f*%` g 4I!r` $#fb)gfg o'r`$$#f)$ o4!)"`$= F grfe

afrafgf f&r`#!gf f fa)4#)gfg + &r$!' !f grfe quhhk &`'!")fb)2f `

)&f"'` g #f phr"`rcfkjh $#a(r$)(f=

]!"!#$!%-&'!#() I!r`= J`r&`= Grfe Vuhhk=


8/75

FAZWQFJW

Wo grfe quhhk #!)(r$ "`!$)$'$ ` o#!grg$ ` !#f!"$= Fr f!"0 "b`'o$, o)4o

"`#'#r, &r`& $o)!0, 4b)'r, f#&, 4bf`r= Wo grfe quhhks (fr0 f""`rg)!4 '` or

$'0b= Z` fr `r )!)!, `'or `r "`!"&'#fb, $` (! fr afrg= N' )$

`! 'o bf''r 'of' 'o)$ $'#g0 )bb )!($')4f'= Wo 4`fb )$ '` 'f 'o rfb)'0 'of'

)!(`b($ 'o grfe quhhks afrgg, 'o)r f$$ab0 &r`"$$, 'o)r &r"&')`! fa`#'

or$b f!g 'o `'or grf4 #!$ )! o`c`s`jnfn!nt# $&f"$ ` 'o ")'0 ` L`r'fb2f-

JH= N! 'o)$ "`!'', #!gr$'f!g)!4 'o f!)!4$ 'of' fr rf&&g )! 'o $0a`b

)!$r'g )! 'o #!)(r$ grfe quhhk f!g )'$ r&r"#$$)`!$ `! 'o $`")fb b(b= L`r 'o)$

#$g '` a )! 'o )bg a0 f$0'r)" `a$r(f')`!, $)-$'r#"'#rg )!'r() r"`rgga0 (`)" r"`rgr, f!g &fr')")&f!' `a$r(f')`! r"`rgg 'or`#4o )bg g)fr0= Wo

$#r(0 !' 'or`#4o `!'$ ` &r)!'f')`! f!g &r)!"$ r` 'o )bg f!g

$fr"og &`&b= Fbb 'o)$ r$#b'g )! f `!`4rf&o)" '' af$g `! b)'rf'#r r()

f!g )bg r$fr"o= Wo $'#g0 "`!"b#gg 'of' 'o grfe quhhk afrgg, f$ bb f$

grfe quhhk )! 4!rfb, &r$!'$ f arfff0 phr"`rcfkjh ` of' $`")fbb0 &"'g

` ! f!g `!= Wo0 "`!'r)a#' '` g"`!$'r#"' f!g #!gr)! 'o b4)')f"0

` 4!gr )bg$ f!g $'rf)4o' f!g o4`!)" $#fb)'0= Wo afrgg grfe g&!$'o fa)4#)'0 fbrfg0 &r$!' )! 'o grfe quhhk f!g !of!")!4 'o )&f"' ` f

$#a(r$)( &r`rf!"=

*(+$.%) !4r= A`g0= Grfe Vuhhk=


9/75

\

ZXCÆQN@

6 NKWQ@GXÅ/@ $;!8#.!.( ?

10 Z7M#($% ( !87! 2"98&! >8

?=? WHJK@B@NFZ G@ J@Q]@ H G@ ZH_@============================================================ >>

?=> FZ GQF VXHHK) ================================================================================================= >\

06 ]($%5!?(;, 2(%%! ( 2($%5! Grfe 91

01 ]hrl`rcfkjh Grfe Vuhhk ( %7M#($% . ?5($ 9>

0 HZWFQ HKWQH \NZWFZ J@C FZ GQFE VXHHKZ AFQAFGFZ 9

>=< QX]FXBZ GQF QFJH H F K@DF HQF^@ GH GQFE VXHHK) ============= 58

>=1 NKHQ QFJH ====================================================================================================== 5?

>=? B@BF QHHK =========================================================================================================== 59

>=? F CXBOHQ AFQAFGF ============================================================================================ 5

J@KZNGHQFÅHZ LNKFNZ <

QHLHQ:KJNFZ ?


10/75


11/75

g $'=g 18


12/75


13/75


14/75

`"#&f $&f*`$ 3b')&b`$ ;()$= Wfb )!#)'f*%` '`g`b;4)"f !"`!'rf

&r"g!' !f &$#)$f rfb)2fg` &b` f!'r`&;b`4` #b)f!` fgbof 188\,

$4#!g` b6

]`(`fgf$ &b` g$` g $ g$'f"fr )f4')"f!' &bf $`")gfg,f$ grfes 'rf*f !`fg)$`$ &bf$ urhs= Hbf$ !%` &`$$# 'rr)';r)`$"b#$)(`$ "`` &`!'`$ g !"`!'r`, #fb#r b#4fr gf ")gfg &`g $r&r`&/")` &frf "!f g # j!`sh= H$$ f'` b(`# f gfr"fr "``"f&` g &$#)$f f &r;&r)f ")gfg g L`r'fb2f !%` r4)$ $&"/)"f$!` )!'r)`r g$$f 'r;&`b= ]`rM, fb4#!$ b`"f)$ g L`r'fb2f, $%` g&rg)b*%` gf f'#f*%` grfe , "``6 afr$, a`f'$ `#'rf$ "f$f$ g so`+ =FGHBOF, 188\, &=


15/75


16/75


17/75

-hns,

ghshkefkjo>-hns, ghsjfrt>-hns, sustntu5-hns &fr'$ "`!$')'#)!'$ gf

'rf!$`rf*%` grfe quhhk= K$$ $!')g`6

F fbfa)b)gfg g $), f &bf$')")gfg g` "`r&` '`r!f-$ b#4fr$-"`#!$= Ff!f'`)f !%` M f)$ # g$')!`, f$ # f"$$;r)` gf &r$!*f, #f

> H)$' !`'/")f 'faM g #bor$ # f2 grfe = H!'r'f!'` f#) $'`# "`!$)grf!g` o`!$

# f2 grfe , + # M ` # !"`!'r` 4rfb!' !` "f&`= @ $'#g` gf$ #bor$ nk grfe g('r $# &r;&r)` &r`'f4`!)$` # `!'` #'#r`=


18/75


19/75


20/75

18

&frf "ofr &r"&*$ $#)")!'$ # $#$'!'f$$ #f (rgfg)rf

fr4#!'f*%` $`ar ` `a'`=

@ b`"fb f` #fb # #) `) ` J!'r` Grf4%` g` Cfr g Fr' J#b'#rf

JGCFJ # M # "`&b` "#b'#rfb "`&`$'` &`r #$#$, &bf!'+r)`, 'f'r`,

")!f$, fr!f &rf*f # #!'` "`& # g`$ f)`r$ "!'r`$ g fr' "#b'#rf

g` Arf$)b= K`$ !'`r!`$ g` Grf4%` o+ # "`!#!'` g afr$, `!g 4rfb!' '`"f

3$)"f f` ()(`, a`f'$ $f#!f= F$ a`f'$, $#f f)`r)f, $%` &frf ` &3ab)"`

)!!'!' 4f0 f$"#b)!`, ` # !%` $)4!))"f # off )!'r"`rrI!")f g

bM$a)"f$ f)$ r"!'!' g 'rf($')$, 'rf!$#f)$ grfe quhhks f)`r

!3r` f&;$ ` "of!'` gf Gn-hkh


21/75

1<

fbfr !$$ fa)!' $%` &r`g#'`$ "`!g)")`!fg`$ &bf &r;&r)f &r)I!")f g $'fr

!f#b b#4fr=

@ (fb`r $)a;b)"` # ")!'f ` $'fr !f a`f', M ` gf ab2f, gf

)&`!I!")f, g` "fr%`


22/75

11

j`nsf3 ;> qufkg` h!f -hc usfkg` frf7 h!f * gn"hrhkth h !`e` jofcf f fthk/.`=

C$` $ 'r ()(!")fg` f &r)I!")f g $ `!'fr #$f!g` afafr, D $fb)!'f

# $$ M # b!'` # &`g bo f#gfr f $ g)r!")fr gf$ `#'rf$ grfes

&b` ()$'` "`!$')'#)r-$ "`` &`'!")fb g f"##b` g "f&)'fb $)a;b)"` !f#b

"f&`=

+ `#'rf f #fb ')( f `&`r'#!)gfg g "`!(r$fr &fr')"#bfr f!'$

g$$f !`)', # f#) "offr) g B! -n7 quh thc frf kfturf!7 quh s.` grfes7 s.` fquh!fs cfns p.`9

j`c9`-`10 h s.` fquh!fs quh k.` sfhc cunt` k.`7 hkt.` fjo` quh -fn shr uc p`uj`

gn"5jn! gh tu hkj`ktrfr


23/75

1?

&r*`$ rf2`+()$6 ` "!'r` gf ")gfg= B+ à')() "`&rfr f$ &*f$ )!$'r#!'`$

&frf f 'rf!$`rf*%` f #fb g)$$=

@ &r))r` f'` # "of`# f'!*%` `) . `rf "`` `$f$

(!gg`r$f$ )!'r&bfrf= F` f!gfr !'r `$ "`rrg`r$ gf$ b`f$, g')!of

f!fb)$fr f$ r`#&f$ )!)!f$ f rfb)2fr &f#$f$ r!' .$ ()'r)!$

)f4)!f!g` $ 'fb r`#&f, # f4rfgf(f, )"fr)f a`f `# !%` )= @$f$

(!gg`r$f$, &`r $#f (2, &r"a!g` # g`rf(f f)$ !` g&fr'f!'`

)!)!`, b`4` )!'r&bf(f6 -`jM prhjnsf gh rùpfs "hcnknkfs ù cfsju!nkfs=

H$$f &r4#!'f, b`4` g )!/")`, )!#)'`#= "#r)`$` f!fb)$fr f `rf "`` f

b)!4#f4 ` ($'#+r)` $%` $) &r`g#2)g`$ r&r`g#2)g`$ &frf &r$"r(r `

4I!r` "`` a)!+r)`= Zàr )$$` ]r")fg` 18 f)rf6F &r))rf rf4!'f*%` g` "`r&`, `# f'r)a#)*%` g` $`, `"`rr g)f!'# &r`"$$` # "offr), $4#)!g` #g)'o A#'br, g )!(`"f*%`&r`rf')(f= R===S W`g`$ !;$ &f$$f`$ &`r $$f &r))rf $f g`&rf*$ &r`rf')(f6 M #f !)!fl `# M # !)!`l @ !` &r;&r)` $# "fr+'r g `gf g 'r`"f '`r!fr%` ')(f f r)'rf*%` "`!$'f!'g$$f )!'r&bf*%` &r`rf')(f= ]QHJNFG@, 18, &=


24/75


25/75

19

!4f!`= G$g "f!'fgf$, f'M &)fg)!of$ r)$`$ !'r f)4`$ # $ r#!)f

4r#&`$ `rf .$ rf*$ f )!of &f$$f4 "`` G`rf L`= @ 'rf'` g g#f$

#fgrf$ !'r ` b`"fb `!g $'f")`!f`$ ` "frr` f !'rfgf gf a`f' `), !$$

$!')g`, g f'` )!'r$$f!'=

F` fg!'rfr !f a`f' () # fa)!' `#'r`= F $'f `) "`!(`"fgf "`

#f '+')"f $&"/)"f6 ` us` gh phrujfs= B`4` !` b#4fr of()f (+r)f$ &$$`f$

#$f!g`-f$= J`!$4#) )g!'))"fr !'r `$ &r$!'$ 'rI$ grfe quhhks #f 'rf($'),

$ "`!'fr "`)4` )!of f)4f J)""`!= K;$ Mrf`$ f$ 3!)"f$ grfe quhhks

afrafgf$ g` b`"fb=

F` )!'r&bfr #f gf$ grfes &r$!'$ !f a`f' $àr f$ grfes frfgfs

bf r$&`!g# gf $4#)!' `rf6R===S # + `!') "` afraf f"o` # f grfe afrafgf M f f)$ a`!)'f=F$ `#'rf$ grfes $&r #r ()r '`gf$ )!)!f$ + f frfgf ()!)!f, f$ ( "` #f afraf 'faM, ` # !%` f2 "` # bfg) g $r )!)!f, &`r )$$` f"o` )!'r$$f!'= R]fr' g g)+b`4` f(#b$`r4)$'rfg` g)+r)` g "f&`S=

]bf $4#!gf (2 "f&`, )!b)2!' !%` ')( `&`r'#!)gfg g $'fr

"`!'f'` g)r'` "` # grfe frfgf g f'`= ]`rM, f"rg)'` $r )!'r$$f!'

&`gr $'fr "`bo!g` g&`)!'`$ g grfes k.` frfgfs $àr $$f$= F"rg)'`

# f `rf "`` f grfe frfgf M ()$'f &bf$ `#'rf$ 'faM M )&`r'f!' &`r

"`!$')'#)r "r'f )f4 # ` 4r#&` g grfes ' #f$ $àr f$ `#'rf$ $àr bf$

$f$=

Wfb(2 ` f'` g $'fr `!'fgf "`` grfe frfgf '!of )!'rr)g` !f

`rf "`` f !'r()$'fgf g# f r$&`$'f= ]`rM, 'faM "`!$)gr` $$f

&`$$)a)b)gfg )!'r$$f!', &`r $far # `#'rf$ `"f$)$ # &`gr) $'fr

g$`!'fg` 'r f `&`r'#!)gfg g "`bor rbf'`$ "`!g)*$ 3b')&bf$ `rf

`!'fg`, `rf g$`!'fg` f &fr')r g)$$` "`!r`!'fr `$ rbf'`$ f$ $)'#f*$=H$$ &r"#r$` `), &frf ), "o)` g &"#b)fr)gfg$ g))"#bgfg$= @

f'` g 'r # $f)r g "f$f &frf "`&rfr g2!f$ g f"$$;r)`$ # )2$$

&fr"r #f #bor `) #f &r)I!")f g)r!' g$f)fg`rf= F"rg)'` # `

&r)!'` "`!r)#- "r'f &r')$ $àr ` 'rr!` gf$ grfe quhhks frfgfs=

Nr f "f&` "`` #f &`$$)a)b)'`#- #f )r$%` # #)'` fbfr4`# #$

o`r)2`!'$ "`` &$#)$fg`r= G f'` #f!g` !'r()$') f$ grfe frfgfs $$f

&r)I!")f $r()# "`` #f &`!' g f"$$` f $$$ $#)'`$ f`$ $#$$!')!'`$, `*$ "`!'r)a#)*$= Cf$ !%` $`!' )$$`= @ f2r grfe f$$#)#


26/75

15

#)'`$ $)4!))"fg`$ &rf ) $$f &r)I!")f 'r`# g)(r$f$ rb$ # )r)

&`r !f$ &fr'$ )!f)$ g$$ 'rfafbo`=

F $4#)r, &frf "ofr $$ &`!'` g` ''`, f&r$!'` )!of ()(I!")f "``

&"'fg`r g # $&'+"#b` phr"`rcfkjh &r`'f4`!)2fg` &`r #f grfe quhhk

frfgf, `!g $$f "`&fr')bof $#f &r)I!")f grfe $#f$ `*$ rbf*%`

f`$ $#$ "`!b)'`$ f)b)fr$ g$`$ g b)argfg g)f!' #f $`")gfg

!`rf')(f g)$"r))!f';r)f=

1=> NKWHQN@QHZ

K` g)f 1 g $'ar` g 18


27/75

1

g $`= F (`2 rf g #f #bor fbf!g` f$ $4#)!'$ &fbf(rf$6 hu fc` ` chu

"n!o`7 h!h * cunt` nkth!nehkth h ghgnjfg`7 fc` h!h fphsfr gh tug`7 h!h 4> !oh ghu cunt`

`reu!o` h p`gh gfr cfns fnkgf= @ +#g)` !"rr`#, &`rM f 3$)"f "`!')!#`#

'`"f!g`= K$$ `!'` )!4r $f)# g "!f $&fbof!g` 4b)'r "` f$ %`$ &`r

`!g &f$$f(f= F f'r)2 phr"`rchr g)`# ` &fb"`, "bfrf!' `")`!fgf=

H#, "`` &"'fg`r, !%` g "`!'r f$ b+4r)f$= D)`- . "fa*f `

g)f # "`!') f )!of % $`ar f )!of o``$$#fb)gfg !%` g

$4#rfr f `*%`= K` g)f f!'r)`r ')!of ()(!")fg` f &r)I!")f g `!'fr "``

#f grfe quhhk= F $!$f*%` g f&r)$)`!f!'` g &`$'r)`r b)argfg # f

phr"`rcfkjh )!")'f $%` g f'` #)'` $))bfr$ f` &r`"$$` # "of) g

!f`rftúrn` jn`reuh=H#, f!'r)`r!', ')!of &bf!fg` !"`!'rfr "` )!4r !$$ g)f

"`!(r$fr # &`#"` "` bf $`ar f phr"`rcfkjh $# &r`"$$` "r)f')(`=

H!'r'f!'`, g)f!' f )!of "`!g)*%` `")`!fb, )!b)2!' !%` g

`&rf")`!fb)2fr ` # ')!of &r`&`$'`=


28/75

1

W]NJ@Z Z@AQH @ :KHQ@, @ J@Q]@ H F GQFE VXHHK

]frf g$!(`b(r #f "`!")'#f*%` $`ar ` 4I!r` &fr')r`$ gf$

`r#bf*$ g` `()!'` )!)$'f !f$ $#f$ g)(r$f$ 'f&f$ &frf "o4fr f`"`!")'` gaf')g` "`!'&`rf!f!'=

Z4#!g` J0r 188\ ` 4rf!g af' !` )!'r)`r g` `()!'`

)!)$'f 4)rf '`r!` g` "`!")'` g #bor= K`$ &r))r`$ `!'`$ g`

)!)$`, `# f prnchnrf `kgf, r)()!g)"f(f ` g)r)'` g &fr')")&f*%` &`b/')"f `# g`

$#r+4)` #!)(r$fb !` &r/`g` !'r ` $M"#b` _DNN )!/")` g` $M"#b` __ !` Q)!`

X!)g` H$'fg`$ X!)g`$= H$$ g)r)'` `) "`!#)$'fg` &r))rf!'


29/75

1\

@ &r`abf gf "b#$%` k` )!)$` `) "f&'fg` &bf f"fg)f &`r #b)fEr)$'(f B#"0 Nr)4frf0, # f!fb)$f ` 'f g` &`!'` g ()$'f gf '`r)f&$)"f!fb/')"f, &`r Jof!'fb C`#, `f! Z"`'', f! Lbf !'r `#'rf$ !f'`r)f &`b/')"f $`")fb= Cf$, $ g3()gf, ` f)$ )!b#!' g$$$ 'rfafbo`$ M` g #g)'o A#'br, "#f )&`r'[!")f &frf ` )!)$` g o` ' $)g`

"`&frfgf . # Af#(`)r '( !f $4#!gf 'fg g` $M"#b` __=JeLHQ, 188\, &=


30/75

?8

# ('`r "`r")')(` # !$f(f ` fbfr $àr ` $` `$ g$`$= @ "`!$$)`!+r)`

$r)f ` b#4fr `!g '#g` g(r)f $r g)'`=

L`) !` &r`"$$` g )!")'f*%` f` g)$"#r$` f'rf(M$ gf$ )!$')'#)*$ g &`gr

# f )rr4#bfr)gfg $#fb `) b)4fgf f g`!*f !'fb= H$'fab"#-$ #f g)!)gf

!`rf g "`!'r`b g` $` # &r&f$$f(f '`gf$ f$ )gfg$ f` &f$$` # `rf

f&fg`$ '`g`$ `$ g$()`$ &`$$/()$ f $$$ &fgr$= F &fr')r g)$$` "r)frf-$

"`!'r`b$ g`$ f)$ g)(r$`$, g$g ` &gf4;4)"` f'M ` Mg)"`=

@ g)$"#r$` g` $` $#f$ '`r)f$ ")!'/)"f$ "`!$')'#/rf-$ "`` #f

f*%` $#)(f, &`)$ !%` fbf(f g` $` $), f$ g`$ $#$ g$()`$6 farrf*$,

&r(r$$, f!#bf*$ &f'`b;4)"f$ f$&rf*$ ;ra)gf$= @ "`!o")!'`

")!'/)"` `"fg` #f a)`b`4)f gf r&r`g#*%` #f g)")!f g` $`, fbMg &ràbf')2fr `$ &rf2r$, g)$"#')f )&rf')(`$ g o)4)! )b$)`!fg`$ &b`$

'`r$ g` fb (!Mr` fb)fg` f`$ !`(`$ g)$"#r$`$ $àr f$$&$)f= K$$

$!')g`, f$ )!$')'#)*$ `gr!f$ g $f3g &3ab)"f !"frr4frf-$ g 4frf!')r `

()4`r /$)"` f r2f `rfb g` "`r&` $`")fb=

H fb4#f$ $`")gfg$, $àr'#g` f$ `r)!'f)$, f (rgfg g` $` M

&r`(!)!' gf &r)I!")f g` &rf2r $4#!g` $#f #fb)gfg, g#rf*%`

r(rarf*$ !` "`r&` !f fbf= Kf $`")gfg `")g!'fb o+ `#'rf `rf g(rgfg g` $`= Wrf'f-$ g # g)$"#r$` ")!'/)"` sjnhktnf sh2uf!ns= K$$ "f$`,

` &`gr $'+ r)4`r`$f!' rbf")`!fg` f` $far # M )!")'fg` f'rf(M$ g`$

$4rg`$ !'r4#$ "`!)$$%`=

@ &`gr $'fr)f &frf fbM g # "`!#!'` g )!$')'#)*$ f&frbo`$

&frf $#a#4fr `$ ")gfg%`$ # g'r)!fg` H$'fg`= Hb $ r"r)f

)!3r`$ &`!'`$ f'rf(M$ g rbf*$ g$)4#f)$ ;()$= ]frf '`gf `rf g &`gr

of(r)f 'faM #f `rf g r$)$'I!")f= K$$ f$&"'`, ` &`gr $ f!)$'fr)fg f!)rf rbf")`!fb, `# $f, g 'fb `g` # !%` &`g )$')r $ !%` rbf*%` f

#f #b')&b)")gfg g `"`$ g r$)$'I!")f= X `"`-b`"fb g &`gr-$far $'fr)f

f$$`")fg` . !`rf')2f*%` g` $` ()"#bfgf &`r &fr!'$, afa+$, &gf4`4`$,

Mg)"`$ !'r `#'r`$= K$$ $!')g`, of(r)f #f g)"fb)2f*%` g` $` #f

psnqunftrn


31/75

?<

)$'I!")f gf $&M")= G&`)$ g$$f r+&)gf &f$$f4 &`r L`#"f#b' 18, (f`$

&`r ) ` # A#'br 188? ' f !`$ g)2r=

?=1 AXWBHQ H @ ZXHNW@

A#'br 188? #$')`!f-$ $àr "f'4`r)f %7(8= F)rf # !%` )$'

# $#)'` &r)$'!' `# &r"`!"a)g`, f$ # $r $&r "`!$'r#*%`,

"`!$'f!' gh-nr = Hbf ` "`!"a "`` # !' &r`rf')(`= H$$, &`r $#f (2,

"#'f #f $#I!")f g f'`$ # "`!$`b)gf #f g'r)!fgf )f4 $àr b

&frf b $%` f$ $#I!")f$ &r`rf')(f$ !'%` 4rfg`rf$ g )g!')gfg$= Ff#'`rf f)rf # f )g!')gfg M !"$$fr)f!' )!'r/!$"f f` 4I!r`, $4#!g`

bf6

Zr)f rrfg` $#&`r # f g)$"#$$%` $àr f )g!')gfg g(f $r f!'r)`r .g)$"#$$%` $àr f )g!')gfg g 4I!r`, &bf $)&b$ rf2%` g # f$&$$`f$ $; $ '`r!f )!'b)4/()$ f` fg#)r)r $# 4I!r` "`!`r)gfg"` &fgr$ r"`!o"/()$ g )!'b)4)a)b)gfg g` 4I!r`= AXWBHQ, 188?, &=?=

@ 4I!r` "`` #f "f'4`r)f )!'b)4/(b ' $#f "`rI!")f g!'r` g

#f &r"&*%` $&r a)!+r)f= K#f '!'f')(f g g$(!gfr f$ "f'4`r)f$

$`4I!r` &frf fbM g` g)$"#r$` o4!)"`, A#'br 188? f)rf6

I!r`$ )!'b)4/()$ $%` f#b$ #, "r'` $!')g`, )!$')'# f!'I rbf*$ g "`rI!")f "`!')!#)gfg !'r $`, 4I!r`, &r+')"f$#fb g$`= H `#'rf$ &fbf(rf$, `$ $&"'r`$ g g$"`!')!#)gfg )!"`rI!")f, b$ &r;&r)`$ $; "`!"a/()$ rbf*%` f !`rf$ )$'!'$g "`!')!#)gfg "`rI!")f, $%` "`!$'f!'!' &r`)a)g`$ &r`g#2)g`$&bf$ &r;&r)f$ b)$ # a#$"f $'fab"r b)!of$ "f$#f)$ `# &r$$)(f$g b)4f*%` !'r ` $` a)`b;4)"`, ` 4I!r` "#b'#rfb!' "`!$')'#/g` f

&r$$%` `# )'` g fa`$ !f f!)$'f*%` g` g$` $#fb &`r)` gf &r+')"f $#fb= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= ?=

Hbf f&`!'f # f "`rI!")f # $ $'fab" '`r!` gf

ohthr`ssh2uf!ngfgh j`cpu!súrnf g)2 r$&)'` f` "`!'/!#` fb)!of!'` !'r $`,

4I!r`, &r+')"f$ $#f)$ g$`= F$ )g!')gfg$ # !%` $ !"f)f !$$

$#f !'rf !` 'rr!` g` fa'` `# g` !%` o#f!`= !$$ $!')g` # f

)g!')gfg $'+ !"$$fr)f!' b)4fgf f "`&r!$%` g` 4I!r` "`` a)!+r)`=

]frf bf6

F )!$')'#)*%` g #f o'r`$$#fb)gfg "`b$;r)f !f'#rfb)2fgf )4 r4#bf ` 4I!r` "`` #f rbf*%` a)!+r)f # ` 'r` f$"#b)!`


32/75

?1

g)r!")f-$ g` 'r` )!)!`, rfb)2f!g`-$ $$f g)r!")f*%` &`r )`gf$ &r+')"f$ g` g$` o'r`$$#fb= @ f'` g g)r!")fr `$ g`)$,`!'`$ `&`$)")`!f)$ gf $'r#'#rf a)!+r)f r$#b'f !#f "`!$`b)gf*%` g"fgf # g $#$ 'r`$, gf "`rI!")f )!'r!f r$&"')(f g` $`, g`4I!r` g` g$`= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= >9-5=

]!$fr ` 4I!r` ` $` "`` "`!$'r#*$ $`")f)$ !%` !f'#rf)$ M

"`!$)grfr # f rbf*%` !'r b$ !%` M $)!"r!)"f `# f#'`()g!'= ]`r

&b`, #f &$$`f &`g !f$"r "` f 4!)'+b)f f$"#b)!f, f$ !%` f&r$!'fr `

g$)4!` gf#)b` # $`")fb!' $ "`!$)grf ` f"o`= F)rfr # ` 4I!r` M

&r`rf')(` M "`!$)grfr # $$f $#I!")f g f'`$ M $&r # f2r, !#!"f #

$r= # "`!$'f!' "`!$'r#"'`, !#!"f # 'rfafbo` f"fafg`= N$$` f(`r" #

`()!'` g g$)$'))"f*%` gf rf")`!fb)gfg # )!$)$' "r)$'fb)2fr f$

)g!')gfg$ g 4I!r` #f `rf a)!+r)f f$"#b)!`)!)!`=

Qfb)2f!g` #f f!+b)$ gf `arf g L`#"f#b' bf f)rf #6

F )!'r`g#*%` g L`#"f#b' f`$ g)+r)`$ g` orfr`g)'f Or"#b)! Afra)!$#4r # f "r/')"f 4!fb;4)"f gf$ "f'4`r)f$ r))"fgf$ g` $` M #f"`!$I!")f $)" )!`&)!fgf g &r+')"f$ $#f)$ # !%` &`g $r&b)"fgf$ &b` g)$"#r$` Mg)"`-b4fb gf o'r`$$#fb)gfg !f'#rfb)2fgf=Or"#b)! !%` M #f )g!')gfg, f$ f )&`$$)a)b)gfg $#fb g #f)g!')gfg= Ha`rf b!'`$ f!f')"`$ f$"#b)!`$ )!)!`$ $g)$'r)a#f "`!#!'f!' &`r $# "`r&`, g!'r` gb, !%` $'+ f/ f

(rgfg)rf `r)4 g` $"[!gfb`= F$ "`!(!*$ b)!4/$')"f$ $)" #&r`g#2 #$ "` "frf"'r/$')"f$ g 4I!r` )!'b)4/()$ !"`!'rf $#b))' Or"#b)!, &r")$f!' &`r# bfb `"f$)`!f #f"`!(r4I!")f g$`r4f!)2f*%` gf$ r4rf$ # 4`(r!f$`4I!r`g$`= Or"#b)! g$g`arf rg)$'r)a#) `$ 'r`$ g` $)$'fa)!+r)`, f$ $$f $f rg)$'r)a#)*%` `$ r`& `$ f2 &r`b)rfr `rfg$$ $)$'f= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= >5=

K$$ $!')g`, f orfr`g)'f Or"#b)! Afra)!, "`!`r f!fb)$fgf &`r

L`#"f#b', f&r$!'fr)f #f g)$#!*%` gf !`rf # )!'!")`!fb!' !%`

"`!$4# "bf$$))"+-bf= H$$f fbof g "bf$$))"f*%` M )!'!")`!fb &`r "f#$fr f !%`

)!'b)4)a)b)gfg g # $r # !%` $ !"f)f !` $)$'f a)!+r)` g $`4I!r`=

A#'br )!'r`g#2 ` "`!")'` g ch#fl$!jf %f u&#'kj!f $#&`!g` #

`g` g &!$fr # ` $` ` "`r&` $%` f'r)fb)gfg$ !f'#rfb!'

"`!"a)gf$, $)!"r!)"f$ f#'`()g!'$= H #f "r/')"f f $$f rf")`!fb)gfg bf

$fb)!'f #6

R===S ` eMkhr` !%` M # $#a$'f!')(`, f$ 'f&`#"` M # "`!#!'` gf'r)a#'`$ b#'#f!'$, R===S $# )'` $#a$'f!')(` M phr"`rcftn-fchkth

&r`g#2)g` )&`$'` &bf$ &r+')"f$ r4#bfg`rf$ gf "`rI!")f g 4I!r`=J`!$!'!' $)", ` 4I!r` `$'rf $r phr"`rcftn-` !` )!'r)`r g`g)$"#r$` orgfg` gf 'f/$)"f gf $#a$'[!")f : )$'` M, "`!$')'#)!' gf


33/75

??

)g!')gfg # $#&`$'f!' M= K$$ $!')g`, ` 4I!r` M $&r # )'`,f)!gf # !%` $f àrf g # $#)'` ')g` "`` &r)$'!' . àrf=AXWBHQ, 188?, &= >=

Hbf f)rf # ` 4I!r` M &r`rf')(`, f)$6 # !%` )$' # $#)'`

# f!'"g ` f'` `# # $f gb f#'`r= ]frf bf, $$f )!`(f*%` !` "`!")'`

rfb)2f # f(f!*` !` # ()!of $ `r#bf!g` $àr ` 'f6

rf!g &fr' gf '`r)f gf b)'rf'#rf )!)$'f$ $#&, '`gf()f, f )$'I!")fg # f2g`r &`r 'r+$ gf àrf= Fr4#!'f-$ # $ # f4!' !%`&`g of(r f*%` , &`r'f!'`, &`'!")fb &frf )!)")fr #fb#r 'rf!$`rf*%`gf$ rbf*$ g g`)!f*%` !` $)` gf $`")gfg= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= >\=

F o'r`$$#fb)gfg "`b$;r)f f$$))bf # fb4#M !f$")gf "` f

4!)'+b)f )!)!f, &`r &b`, $; M )!'b)4/(b f'rf(M$ g`$ $#f$ g &r"&*%`

$'fab")g`$ &bf rf")`!fb)gfg g #f ohthr`ssh2uf!ngfgh prhsucngf, #

"r'f 4!)'+b)f g'r)!f ` "`&`r'f!'` $`")fb g f"o` `# If o` `#

#bor= J`!$)grfr ` 4I!r` "`` # "f


34/75

?>

RiS &fr" $!$f'` (`"fr !`(f!' L`#"f#b', #, f` f)rfr #$#fb)gfg &`gr $%` "`'!$)(`$, r#'f )&b)")'f!' f &`$'#bf*%`g #f $#fb)gfg $#a(r$)(f `# f!")&f';r)f # &`$$f $r b)(r gf b)=]`g`$ )!)")fr !$$ fr4#!'`, $fb)!'f!g` # ` f!'$ ` g&`)$ gfb) $%` `g`$ g '&`rfb)gfg g)$"#r$)(f phr"`rcftn-fchkth )!$')'#/g`$,

)!(`"fg`$ !`$ 'r`$ g #f $'r#'#rf !`rf')(f # f)rf # f$#a(r$%`, f g$$'fa)b)2f*%` `# ` g$b`"f!'` )4 #f $#fb)gfg# g fb4# `g` $"f& gf$ &r`)a)*$ o4!)"f$ f &$fr $àr `$`= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= 9?->=

F f#'`rf "`*f !'%` f $#4r)r `# #!gf!'fr f $#f "`&r!$%`

$àr f$ &`$$)a)b)gfg$ $#a(r$)(f$, &fr')!g` gf$ "`!"&*$ g L`#"f#b',

f)rf!g` #6

Z f $#fb)gfg M "`!$'r#/gf "#b'#rfb!' !` )!'r)`r gf$ rbf*$ g&`gr )$'!'$, !'%` f &`$'#bf*%` g #f $#fb)gfg !`rf')(f #

$'f f!'$, `rf `# fbM g` &`gr "`!$')'#) #f )&`$$)a)b)gfg"#b'#rfb # $`!o` &`b)')"f!' )&rf')"+(b, # fg)f f 'frf "`!"r'f "`!'&`r[!f g r&!$fr f$ &`$$)a)b)gfg$ $#a(r$)(f$ gf $#fb)gfg gf )g!')gfg !`$ &r;&r)`$ 'r`$ g` &`gr= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= 99=

Fb)!of!g`-$ "` f$ "`&r!$$ g L`#"f#b', A#'br 188? !$f

$&f*` &frf `r#bfr $#f$ )g)f$ $àr $#a(r$%` g!'r` g #f '`r)f gf

&r`rf')()gfg g`$ f'`$ g 4I!r` # $4#!g` bf &r`' r`&r R===S f$

"f'4`r)f$ g "`r&`, $`, 4I!r` $#fb)gfg, `"f$)`!f!g` $#f r-$)4!))"f*%`

$#a(r$)(f $#f &r`b)rf*%` fbM gf $'r#'#rf a)!+r)f= AXWBHQ, 188?, &=


35/75

?9

Hbf $ #$')`!f $`ar ` #!gf!'` $'r#'#rfb)$'f g` 'fa# g` )!"$'`

$#f f&r`&r)f*%` &bf &$)"f!+b)$, &r4#!'f!g`-$6

Zr)f f &$)"f!+b)$ #f )!($')4f*%` f!')#!gf!'fb)$'f f f)rfr ` ')&` g"`&b)gfg $#fb # g$r4#bf )")!'!' ";g)4`$ $#f)$ r/4)g`$ o)r+r#)"`$, `# &r$r(fr)f bf # "`!#!'` g $#&`$)*$ !%`"`!$$fgf$ $`ar `$ #!gf!'`$ gf )g!')gfg, ` #fb #!")`!f f(`rg$$f$ o)rfr#)f$T AXWBHQ, 188?, &=


36/75

?5

# 'fa#= B`4` ` !)!` # ' $#f jfth2nf `4htn-f prncntn-f g)r")`!fgf &frf

%, ' $# g$` &r`)a)g` &b` 'fa# g` )!"$'` b &`r $#f (2 )!'r`'f $$f

&rgf f'rf(M$ gf bf!"`b)f "r)f # b` g )g!'))"f*%` "` f %, "`!$')'#)!g`,

&`r'f!'` #f )g!')gfg o``$$#fb= F o'r`$$#fb)gfg, !'%`, !"$$)'fr)f

$&r gf o``$$#fb)gfg "`` "`!'rf&`!'` &frf `rf*%` gf )g!')gfg, f$

g#f$ $r)f $'r#'#rf$ g )g!')gfg$ "`!$')'#/gf$ &bf bf!"`b)f, f$$) "``

'`gf$ f$ )g!')gfg$ g 4I!r`=

A#'br, &`rM, "`!$)grf # !%` o+ g f'` #f )!'r`*%` #f

'!'f')(f g #4)r f$ &`$$)a)b)gfg$ hsshkjnf!n


37/75

?

11 J$98&! 4 '238(%( $(2$(%%#!

]fr')!g` g`$ &r$$#&`$'`$ g C)"ob L`#"f#b' 18, A#'br 188?

f)rf # !% .(58.!.(% .( ?5($ % 2$.78% .( 7;! "( # r&r)

&r`g#2 $)#b'f!f!'= H$$f 4rf*%` $4#)gf g &r`)a)*%` $r)f `rfgf !` )!'#)'`

g f!'r f $'fa)b)gfg gf$ )g!')gfg$ g $` g 4I!r` !'%` o4!)"f$,

"`!`r ()`$ f &`#"` !f$ f"&*$ $àr f &$)"f!+b)$=

Zàr f onpúthsh rhprhssn-f L`#"f#b' 18 $fb)!'f6

R===S f &fr')r g` ) g` $M"#b` _DN, f "`b`"f*%` g` $` g)$"#r$`, (2

g $`rr # &r`"$$` g r$'r)*%`, `), f` "`!'r+r)`, $#a')gf f #"f!)$` g "r$"!' )!")'f*%` # f$ 'M"!)"f$ g &`gr r")gf$ &b`$` !%` àg"rf f # &r)!"/&)` g $b*%` r)4`r`$f, f$, f`"`!'r+r)`, g g)$$)!f*%` )&bf!'f*%` gf$ $#fb)gfg$ &`b)`rf$ # f (`!'fg g $far !%` $ g'M g)f!' g # 'fa# )rr(`4+(b, f$$ à$')!`# : $ g3()gf f'rf(M$ g #)'`$ rr`$ : "`!$'r#)r #f")I!")f gf $#fb)gfg= L@XJFBW, 18, &=


38/75

?

"`!'f gf o``$$#fb)gfg # M "r)fgf &r`)a)gf &bf b) &frf b4)')fr #f 3!)"f

$#fb)gfg `r)4)!fb (rgfg)rf6 f o'r`$$#fb=

Zfb)o 18


39/75

?\

$')b)2f*%` r&')gf g` "`r&`, # "`!#!'` g f'`$ r&')g`$ !` )!'r)`r g #f

$'r#'#rf r4#bfg`rf fb'f!' r/4)gf, f #fb $ "r)$'fb)2f !` '&` &frf &r`g#2)r f

f&frI!")f g #f $#a$'[!")f, g #f "bf$$ !f'#rfb g $r= AXWBHQ, 188?, &=

9\= F"r$"!'f #6

R===S ` $`, + !%` ()$'` "`` #f n(rgfg )!'r)`r gf$ &rg)$&`$)*$ gf)g!')gfg, M #f $)4!))"f*%` phr"`rcftn-fchkth `rg!fgf R===S, #f$)4!))"f*%` #, b)ar'f gf )!'r)`r)gfg gf $#&r/") !f'#rfb)2fgf$, &`g`"f$)`!fr f &r`b)rf*%` &fr`g/$')"f ` `4` $#a(r$)(` g`$ $)4!))"fg`$ g`4I!r`= AXWBHQ, 188?, &= 9\-58=

F f#'`rf &b)"f # f !`*%` g &r`rf')()gfg #$')`!f f )$'I!")f

g # $#)'` # &r"gf f` f'`, ")'f!g` f$ `r#bf*$ g K)'2$"o g # !%`

)$' n$r &`r 'r+$ g` f2r, g` f'#fr, g` g()r n` f4!' M #f )"*%` f"r$"!'fgf. f*%` : f f*%` M '#g` AXWBHQ, 188?, &= >= K$$ $!')g`6 k.` o> nghktngfgh gh

eMkhr` p`r tr>s gfs h2prhsshs gh eMkhr` f nghktngfgh * phr"`rcftn-fchkth

j`kstntu5gf ph!fs prúprnfs h2prhsshs? quh sup`stfchkth s.` shus rhsu!tfg`s=

H$$ fr4#!'` r`r*f f )g)f g # !%` )$' #f rfb)gfg

$$!")fb g` 4I!r`, #f f'r)fb)gfg )!f'f `# !f'#rfb= @ 4I!r` M # "`!$'f!'

f2r $)'#fg` !` "`r&`, !#!"f '`'fb!' )!'r!fb)2fg`, f$ $) )!"`r&`rfg`=

]`r'f!'`, $r)f !`$ "`r&`$ # f b) $ b`"fb)2f $ &r$$f=

@ 4I!r` "`` f f&frI!")f g #f $#a$'[!")f, $)4!))"f # b $)

!%` "frr4f fb4` g `r)4)!fb `# !f'#rfb= Hb M ` $)#bf"r` g #f $#a$'[!")f

"r)$'fb)2fgf f'rf(M$ g` '&` &`r f'`$ r&')g`$, $$$ &`r $#f (2 ()g!")f f

!%` `r)4)!fb)gfg gf$ )g!')gfg$ g 4I!r`, $f bf$ o4!)"f$ `# !%`=

]`r'f!'`6

Z f (rgfg )!'r!f g` 4I!r` M #f far)"f*%`, $ ` 4I!r` (rgfg)r`M #f f!'f$)f )!$')'#/gf )!$"r)'f $`ar f $#&r/") g`$ "`r&`$, !'%`&fr" # `$ 4I!r`$ !%` &`g $r ! (rgfg)r`$ ! fb$`$, f$$`!' &r`g#2)g`$ "`` )'`$ gf (rgfg g # g)$"#r$` $`ar f)g!')gfg &r)+r)f $'+(b= AXWBHQ, 188?, &=


40/75

>8

F phr"`rcfkjh g` grfe ar)!"f "` f g)$')!*%` !'r f f!f'`)f g`&r`r)$'f ` 4I!r` # $'+ $!g` &r`rfg`= Cf$ $'f`$, !f(rgfg, !f &r$!*f g 'rI$ g)!$$ "`!')!4!'$ gf "`r&`r)gfg$)4!))"f!'6 $` f!f')"`, )g!')gfg g 4I!r` phr"`rcfkjh g4I!r`= Z f f!f'`)f g` &r`r)$'f + M g)$')!'f g $# 4I!r`, $ `$

g`)$ $ g)$')!4# g` 4I!r` gf phr"`rcfkjh, !'%` f phr"`rcfkjh $#4r#f g)$$`![!")f !%` $; !'r $` phr"`rcfkjh, f$ !'r $` 4I!r`, !'r 4I!r` phr"`rcfkjh= AXWBHQ, 188?, &=


41/75

><

&!$f!'`, #f f!'f$)f "`` f)rf f f#'`rf= H$$f "`!$'f'f*%` "`!r-!`$

af$$ &frf g$"`!$'r#)r ` 4I!r`, `# # $fa, r`r#b+-b`=

@ 4I!r` !#f!'` uc j`k4ukt` gh ft`s rhphtng`s k` nkthrn`r gh uc

qufgr` rheu!ftúrn` f!tfchkth r5eng` ()g!")f ` "fr+'r `&r$$`r # b "frr4f

$)= Hb M #f &r$"r)*%`, #f )!"`r&`rf*%`, # `bg, `!g g(`$ !`$ !"f)fr=

F)rf # f "`!$'r#*%` !%` M `&`$'f . f4I!")f, bf M f "!f !"$$+r)f

gf f4I!")f A#'br,


42/75

>1

` 4I!r` 4rfb M #f `rf g &fr;g)f, f$ # fb4#f$ phr"`rcfkjhs g

4I!r` $%` f)$ &fr;g)"f$ g` # `#'rf$= ZFBNO, 18


43/75

>?

f$ $#f$ $#&`$'f$ ))'f*$ ZFBNO, 18


44/75

>>

?=? WHJK@B@NFZ G@ J@Q]@ H G@ ZH_@

]r")fg` 18 &fr' gf &r`&`$)*%` g # ` $`4I!r` $%`

"`!$'r#*$ $`")f)$ '"!`b;4)"f$= H$$f$ !%` $r)f `r#bf*$ "r)fgf$ f &fr')r

g #f f'r)fb)gfg gfgf, f$ g # &r`"$$` '"!`b;4)"` # 4rf f &r;&r)f

f'r)fb)gfg= F pr`gu/.` pr`st*tnjf g` eMkhr` M #f )f*%` g g)r!*f$ f &fr')r

gf '"!`b`4)f # &r!g f `!'f4 g` "`r&` f'rf(M$ g &r;'$$=

Qfb)2f!g` #f rb)'#rf g C)"ob L`#"f#b', ]r")fg` 18 !"frf f

jr5tnjf onpúthsh rhprhssn-f "`` f$$`")fgf . '"!`b`4)f= Df`$ ` # bf

f)rf6

R===S ` $` f $#fb)gfg !%` $%` `$ )'`$ gf$ &r`)a)*$ r&r$$)(f$# `a$'f"#b)2fr)f ` &b!` g$!(`b()!'` g !`$$`$ g$`$ f)$/!')`$, $) ` r$#b'fg` g # "`!#!'` g '"!`b`4)f$ &r`g#')(f$ !%`$)&b$!' r&r$$)(f$= F `rf f)$ &`'!' g "`!'r`b gf$#fb)gfg !%` M, b`4`, f &r`)a)*%` g g'r)!fgf$ &r+')"f$, f$ f&r`g#*%` g g)r!'$ g$`$ &rf2r$ # &fr" gr)(fr g&rg)$&`$)*$ !f'#rf)$ o`#bor, o'r`$$#fbo``$$#fb '", # $r%` )!fb!' r))"fgf$ `a')(fgf$ "`` )g!')gfg$ $#f)$=F$ 'M"!)"f$ g)$")&b)!fg`rf$ gf $#fb)gfg !%` $%` # "f!)$`r&r$$)(`, $) $'r#'#rf$ r&r`g#'`rf$, f$$) "`` 'M"!)"f$ g g$` g $far # 4rf f$ g)r!'$ &`$)*$ g $#)'` g $far-&rf2r=]QHJNGF, 18, &=


45/75


46/75


47/75

>

")()b)2fg`&r))')(`, rfb)gfgf&frI!")f, '`g`&fr', f4!')!$'r#!'`, ` # f2`

# M )'`, f')(`&f$$)(`, "r'`rrfg`, (rgfg)b#$%`, '`'fb&fr")fb, G#$o`=

]frf bf6

F "#b'#rf oneo9thjo "`!'$'f : g `rf )!'r)4f!' : $$$ g#fb)$`$= K%`$'+ "bfr` # f2 # M )'` !f rbf*%` !'r ` o#f!` f +#)!f=K%` $'+ "bfr` ` # M !' ` # M "`r&` +#)!f$ # #!")`!fg f"`rg` "` &r+')"f$ g "`g))"f*%`= OFQFPFe, 188\, &= \


48/75

>

# &`gr #fb#r= Z; )$' )!#$')*f &`r "f#$f g` "`r&` f `r)!'f*%` gfo#f!)gfg g)r*%` f` ")a`r4# M # rMg)` rfg)"fb= BH AQHW@K,188?, &= 1


49/75


50/75


51/75

9<

Zàr ` &r`"$$` g `!'f4, fgbof 188\ f)rf # $ f&r$!'f

&frf fbM g # &r`"$$` g 'rf!$`rf*%` "`r&`rfb= R===S f` &r`g#2)r !`(`$ "`r&`$

&frf $), `$ 'rf!$4I!r`$ `g))"f ` &r;&r)` sh!" , R===S f `!'f4 `$'rf-$ "``

# r)'#fb # !4!grf 'rr)';r)`$ f')(`$, &`b/')"`$ )g!')'+r)`$= FGHBOF, 188\,

&= \\=

J`!(r4)!g` "` f !`*%` g "n2f/.` pr`st*tnjf g` eMkhr` g ]r")fg`

18, b f&r$!'f, f'rf(M$ g` $# $'#g`, f `rf g &r`g#*%` "`r&`rfb # f$

grfe quhhks $ (fb &frf "`!$'r#)r ` $# "`r&` 4I!r` `#'r`= Z4#!g` b6

H$$f$ &$$`f$ Rf$ grfe quhhksS 'r)!f, $f '$'f!g` fb4#f &)!'#rf$àr f &bf, $f !$f)f!g` !`(f$ `rf$ g f!gfr `# gf!*fr, $#$ "`r&`$

f$"#b)!`$ &frf $r 'rf!$`rfg`$= K` !'f!'`, M f "fgf `!'f4 #$$f$ &$$`f$ (%` rfb!' f&r!g!g` f #')b)2fr $#f$ !`(f$"`r&`r)gfg$, &`r &b`, f f!gfr "` &r#"f$ "`b`"fgf$ !f "fa*f,&r;'$$ !"f)fgf$ !`$ ar`$, $fb'`$ !`$ &M$, '"= H $#f, !f$fr'$ gf `!'f4, ` "`r&` o#f!` &f$$f &`r '`gf #f &gf4`4)f &frfg+ b#4fr f # "`r&`-($')!'f, "`r&`-&r;'$, "f&` g !`(`$$)4!))"fg`$ $àr ` f4!'= FGHBOF, 188\, &=


52/75


53/75

9?

phrs`kfh rb)4)`$f$ R===S CFXZZ, 188?, &= ?= A#$"f!g` #f '!`b`4)f gf

&fbf(rf phrs`kf b f"r$"!'f6

W#g` )!g)"f # ` $!')g` `r)4)!fb gf &fbf(rf `$$ "b#$)(f!'+$"frf= Kf'#rfb!', f &b)"f*%` g`$ ')`b`4)$'f$ bf')!`$ : phrs`kf ()!g` g phrBs`kfrh, f +$"frf &bf phr #fb r$$`f f (`2 g` f'`r : `))!(!'fgf b`4` $4#)gf= CFXZZ, 188?, &= ?9

H!'r'f!'` f"faf fg)')!g` # f phrs`kf $'f &frf fbM gf +$"frf

`# &r$`!f4 f` f)rf #6

R===S f R===S phrs`kf, &r$`!f4 fr'))")fb, +$"frf &f&b g "`Mg)f g'rf4Mg)f, r&r$!'f ` a#$', f o)&`"r)$)f : ` $'rf!o` f` H# :&r`$$4#)f $# "f)!o`= Cf$ ` "fr+'r &$$`fb g` g)r)'` $'f(f #!gfg`, phr`kf 8!;M; '!#! %( 8$5!. %55; .( #($.!.($! 5!87$(I! .

5.#9.7= CFXZZ, 188?, &= ?\, 4r)`$ #$=

]`g`$ !'!gr f phrs`kf rr)gf &bf$ "`bfa`rfg`rf$ g$$f

&$#)$f, "`` #f &fr' g` #, # $'+ "`!$'f!' g)+b`4` "` ` $r 3b')&b`

&b#rfb # $ f&r$!'f g `rf$ g)(r$f$6 g$g #f phr"`rcfkjh f$"#b)!f

f'M #f phr"`rcfkjh grfe , $!g` # fa`$ ofa)'f f $f &$$`f $'%`

"`!$'f!' g)+b`4`, `g))"f!g` #f f `#'rf=

H$$f )g)f f&r`)f g "r'f `rf f` &r`&`$'` &`r fgbof 188\=

G(`, !'r'f!'`, $fb)!'fr # ` hu grfe M #)'` f)$ #f phrs`kf g` # g f'`

# &r$`!f4= ]frf b M "`#, fb4#!$ `!'`$, f )g!')gfg gf$

&r$`!f4!$ # f$ grfes r&r$!'f $r ()(!")fgf ()())"fgf $` #f!g`

`$ )!'Mr&r'$ g$'f$ 3b')f$ !%` $'%` `!'fg`$= FGHBOF, 18\\, &= = Zr)f

#f g)f &frf #$')`!fr-$ $ g f'` 'rf'f-$ g &r$`!f4!$T ]!$fr ` hu

grfe "`` #f '!$%` gf &r;&r)f )g!')gfg g` $#)'` !%` "`` fb4`

ghshkefkjo>-h! , 'rf/(b, `# )!'r&r'+(b "`` # &r$`!f4, !%` $r)f f)$

)!'r$$f!' &frf f b)'#rf g # "`!''` grfe quhhkT

]frf fgbof 188\ f !`*%` g &r$`!f4 $'fr)f g)r'f!'

rbf")`!fgf "` f#)b` # !'!g`$ f'rf(M$ g` 'f'r`, (f`$6

F grfe ` 'rf!$`r)$'f f` )!(`"fr f !`*%` g &r$`!f4 g` 'f'r`"b+$$)"` &frf &!$fr f )$'I!")f gf$ &r$`!f4!$ gf `!'f4 $ (fbg)$$` &frf !`fr f $) $`$ "`` fr')$'f$= FGHBOF, 188\, &=


54/75

9>

"r)fg` f ()gf rfb "`!"r'f g` f4!' # ` )!'r&r'f, r"`!o"!g` #

`$ b))'$ !'r )!'r&r'f*%` rfb)gfg #)'f$ (2$ M a`rrfg`=

Ha`rf grfes 'rf!$`r)$'f$ $f)af # $#f$ &r$`!f4!$ !%` $%``r)4)!fb!' &r$`!f4!$ gf "`!(!*%` 'f'rfb $$f$ &$$`f$ f` #$fr'fb "`!(!*%` &frf r&r$!'fr $#f$ )g!')gfg$ '`r!f-$ $r$ #f()2)!of $#f$ ()gf$ "` #f fr' $'fab")gf, f grff'#r4)f= R===S Frbf*%` gf$ grfes 'rf!$`r)$'f$ "` 'M"!)"f$ g gf!*f, g &)!'#rf j`!!feh 'faM f"faf &`r f2r $$f$ &$$`f$ $ &r"ar "``fr')$'f$= FGHBOF, 188\, &=


55/75

99

f'rf(M$ g` "`r&` a)`b;4)"` #$fg` "`` f'Mr)f-&r)f # f$ grfes

&r!g !f $#f `!'f4, ` $# gh-nr9cu!ohr 6

F &bf$')")gfg g` "`r&` R===S, &`r )` g` #$` g ($')!'f$ &r;'$$, ,R===S #$` g o`r!)`$ $)b)"`!, )a ` "`r&` a)`b;4)"` "`` f'Mr)f-&r)f gf `!'f4, 'fb "`` #f "`bf, #f &b#f `# $` #f &r#"f=]frf #f grfe , ` "`r&` `!'fg` "o4f f !%` "`rr$&`!gr f)$ f` "`r&`a)`b;4)"` 'rf!$`rfg`, f$ f # !`(` "`r&` "#f #f gf$ f'Mr)f$-&r)f$&frf $#f "`!"*%` `) #$'f!' ` "`r&` g "fr! `$$`$= FGHBOF,188\, &=

F grfe "frr4f "`!$)4` ` $')4f g` $)#bf"r` g` )!)!`, !'r'f!'` !f

f!+b)$ &r!g)gf &b` fb#g)g` f!'r`&;b`4`, M f "r)f*%` g$$f g)r!*f #

'`r!f $&")fb $#a(r$)(f f phr"`rcfkjh grfe , &`)$ bf !%` M #)(fb!' f#)b`

# $)#bf, f$ # 'r")r` # ()g!")f f fb+")f &`r 'r+$ g`$ `gb`$

$'fab")g`$ g` 4I!r`=


56/75

95

F4`rf &r4#!'`-6 $ f phr"`rcfkjh grfe quhhk, "`!`r f&`!'f

A#'br 188? fgbof 188\, g f'` ()g!")f rf"ofg#rf$ !`$ g)$"#r$`$

o4!)"`$ g` 4I!r` gf $#fb)gfg, $r)f f grfe frfgf # r'r`"$$` !f

&`'!")fb)gfg &`b/')"f $#a(r$)(f gf grfe T W!g` ()$'f # bf &r$r(f $)

# $/a`b` gf f$"#b)!)gfgT @# $'fr)f f grfe frfgf )!g` fbM g` + fb"f!*fg`

!` #!)(r$` grfe f` afrfbofr f)$ f)!gf f f$"#b)!)gfg )!)b)gfg #f

$f phr"`rcfkjhT Df`$ f r!' `$ g&`)!'`$ g 'rI$ grfe quhhks #

f2 phr"`rcfkjhs f&r$!'f*$ "` afraf &frf &`r ) "o4fr`$ f fb4#f$

"`!$)grf*$ $`ar $$f$ #$'$=


57/75

9

0 HZWFQ HKWQH \NZWFZ J@C FZ GQFE VXHHKZ AFQAFGFZ =6

G)r!' g` # &!$f(f )!)")fb!' !$$f &$#)$f, f )!$&)rf*%` g`

#$` gf afraf &bf$ grfe quhhks f2 rrI!")f f` f#)fg`r, g)r'`r &r`g#'`r

Cf'o# F!gr$!= Hb M # f#$'rfb)f!` rfg)"fg` !`$ H$'fg`$ X!)g`$ ' `rf*%`

`gf= K` f!` g


58/75

9

arf!"f, bf &)!'f g `#'rf$ "`r$ 'fb= H!'%` # $fa)f # rf &`$$/(b, #rf )!'r$$f!', R===S ` Cf'o# ' #f -nh &fr")gf "` f )!of6 b"hcnkn!n


59/75


60/75

58

$)'#f*$ f&r$!'f-$ fg(r$f$ f` #$` gf afraf #f `!'f4, &`r bf$

$f$ #4)r g #fb#r 'rf*` # r'f f f$"#b)!)gfg= ]frf $$f$

&$$`f$ ` f)$ )&`r'f!' M "`!$`b)gfr f )f4 '`'fb!' "`!()!"!' g`

)!)!`=

V#f!g` f C#bor Afrafgf f)rf # f R)!ofS grfe , !%` $; f phrs`kf,

f$ f )!of grfe M #f "r)f'#rf # r#!'f f !`)' $f) !f$ r#f$, $f) !`$ afr$

bf $fb)!'f f rfb)gfg g` f2r grfe , $#f f'r)fb)gfg, $# rhf!khss=

A#'br 188? f)rf # ` 4I!r` M # f2r phr"`rcftn-`, M f "`!$'f!'

$')b)2f*%` g` $r, f'`$ r)'rfg`$ # "`!$'r` f )f4 g $r o` `#

#bor= F grfe quhhk, !'%` g!`)!fgf "`` # phrs`kf, f)$ # #&r$`!f4, M !'%` # "`!$'r#"'` phr"`rcftn-` # )!'rf4 !f$ 3b')&bf$

r&r$!'f*$ g` #= K$$ !'!g)!'`, !%` $ g( '`fr ` 4I!r` "``

$'r)'f!' "bf$$))"+(b )!'b)4/(b g!'r` gf f'r)2 o'r`$$#fb g `r4f!)2f*%`

gf ()gf= @$ g$`$ f$ (`!'fg$ g` o#f!` $'%` &frf fbM g #f "bf$$))"f*%`

`# gf "`!$'f!' '!'f')(f g &fgr`!)2f*%` fg#f*%` f b$ )!r)!4)gf=

>=< QX]FXBZ GQF QFJH H F K@DF HQF^@ GH GQFE VXHHK)

Qu]fu!?s Grfe Qfjh M # rhf!nt# so`+ fr)"f!` 'rf!$)')g` g$g 188\

&`r WD f"fa` !`$ H$'fg`$ X!)g`$ g)$&`!)a)b)2fg` &frf "!'!f$ g &f/$$ f'rf(M$

g &bf'f`rf strhfcnke ()f )!'r!'= @ rhf!nt# M #f "`&')*%` # grfe

quhhks !r!'f g$f)`$ &frf &r`(fr $#f$ "f&f")gfg$ g f#)f4, "f!'`,

gf!*f, f'#f*%`, g#abf4, o#`r, "`$'#rf, !'r `#'r`$=

F` "`*` g` &)$;g)` $f!fb bf$ $%` g$f)fgf$ f "#&r)r #f

'frf # g'r)!fg` b))' g '&`= F (!"g`rf g$$ cnkn9ghsf"n` 4f!of

(f!'f4 &frf ` g$f)` &r)!")&fb= K$$, Q#]f#b : f&r$!'fg`rf &r)!")&fb #rfgf

g` &r`4rff : g+ )!$'r#*$ &frf f$ &fr')")&f!'$ $`ar # 'f f $r 'rfafbofg` f

#fb bf$ 'r%` # f'$'fr f$ ofa)b)gfg$ f")f ")'fgf$ fbM g)$$` g$)bfr "`

?? H&r$$%` #$fgf !` "`!''` grfe fr)"f!` &frf g$)4!fr f grfe quhhk # 'r+$ 4!#)!)gfg&frf &f$$frbf= Dr ]frns ns %urknke 11A Qu]fu!?s Grfe Qfjh =669prhshkthA3


61/75


62/75

51

grfes )!)")frf $#$ 'rfafbo`$ !` #!g` gf `!'f4 &`r )!b#I!")f g` ")'fg`

$o`T

]frf ), f &r)I!")f g f$$)$')r f` Qu]fu!?s Grfe Qfjh, ' f (r"` ` &r`"$$` g &$#)$f # &r!g)= C#)'f$ (2$ `) &`$$/(b !"`!'rfr

&`!'`$ g )!'r$"*%` !'r ` #!)(r$` grfe fr)"f!` ` !`$$` "`!''` grfe

b`"fb= X g`$ f)`r$ g$f)`$, !'r'f!'` `) g "`&r!gr f &r$$%`

"`rr)#)rf!' #$fgf !` &r`4rff6 "nsoB"nso# = Z4#!g` g)")`!+r)`!")"b`&Mg)f

$`ar f "`&')*%` &r$!' !` $)' Qu]fu!?s Grfe Qfjh n,n , !"`!'r) f

$4#)!' g)!)*%`6

X 'r` #$fg` &frf g$"r(r #f grfe quhhk # &fr" 'rf!')!)!f, `# #f # "`!(!" $r #f #bor a)`b;4)"f= @ 'r` Mrr!' f` "o)r` gf (f4)!f )!)!f, # M "`b`#)fb!' rbf")`!fg` f`"o)r` g &)= @ 'r` # M "`!$)grfg` # b`4)` &frf fb4#f$ grfequhhks, M 4rfb!' "`!$)grfg` # )!$#b'` &frf #bor$ a)`b;4)"f$?9=

]`r g)(r$f$ (2$ "o4#) f &!$fr # ` 'r` 'r)f rbf*%` "` f

)&`$$)a)b)gfg )g!'))"fr ` $` a)`b;4)"` g` &), `# gf $#f "f&f")gfg g

$"f&fr "` f")b)gfg g fb4#M # $')($$ '!'f!g` "f&'#rf-b` f$ !%`

"o4#) g f'` f "`4)'fr f &b)"f*%` !"`!'rfgf !$$ $)'=

F grfe quhhk "nso# M f#bf # ' #f f&frI!")f 'rf!'

&r;)f f g #f #bor a)`b;4)"f, "`!`r f&`!'f ` (ra'= K` "`!''` gf

"`&')*%` #$'%`, )$$` $ "`!$')'#) "`` # (fb`r $)a;b)"`= F grfe "nso#

4rfb!' M f f)$ a`!)'f, # f)$ "off f'!*%`, # (!" f)$ g$f)`$ &`r

"`!'f gf $#f ab2f &`$'#rf g g)$')!*%` rbf*%` .$ `#'rf$= H$$ "`!")'`

$``# #)'` f)b)fr, f` # !` "`!''` b`"fb "`!o"`$ "`` f grfe fcfp=

K$$ ')&` g `!'f46

R===S f "`!$'r#*%` g` r`$'` $ g+ &bf `"#b'f*%` g`$ 'rf*`$ f$"#b)!`$ gff" g` )!'Mr&r' "` ` #$` g af$$, "`rr')(`$ &;$ f")f)$= B`4` f&;$$$f `"#b'f*%`, !`(`$ 'rf*`$ $%` g$!ofg`$ &)!'fg`$ $`ar $' r`$'`g `rf f gfr-bo `r'$ f$&"'`$ )!)!`$= FGHBOF, 188\, &=


63/75

5?

# barf f )4#rf )!)!f g` &fbof*` &=


64/75

5>

quhst.` gf frfW hu "njf-f phksfkg` j`c` * quh shrnf hssf Enkehr7 k`thcp` hu pnktf-f ` jfh!` prf h!h "njfr t`g` run-`7 cfs gh Orun-`N kfturf!chsc`7 sú f frf3 Hkt.`7 shcprh tnkof hssh fph!ng` gh Enkehr O333N3 Ghp`nshu j`chjhn f phksfr hssh k`ch sfh3 Enkehr * uc fg4htn-`7 k.` * uck`ch prúprn`7 h Enkehr tfc*c k.` thc eMkhr`7 p`gh shr enkehr enr!7 enkehr

`#3 Hu j`chjhn f e`stfr gnss` sfh7 gh phksfr khssf j`nsf fssnc7 khssf p`ssnn!ngfgh ghssf Enkehr k.` thr eMkhr`7 cfs h!f sh utn!n h tf!3 O333N ghp`ns quh f Enkehrsurenu7 "`n kucf "hstf h tf! hc gh rnkjfghnrf chsc`7 f5 ghp`ns huj`chjhn f ch `!ofr fssncW hssf jrnfturf k.` thc ucf ncfehc cunt`j`k-hkjn`kf!7 hssf jrnfturf k.` thc uc fenr cunt` p`!frn p`ssuhc O333N tug` cunt`7 cunt`7 cunt` "hcnknk` k* O333N Hu k.`

ch nghktn"njf-f sfh7 p`rquh hu kukjf j`ksheun ch trujfr \ h chnkj`c`gf-f cunt`7 4> thkthn h ch nkj`c`gf-f cunt`7 hu "njf-f ch phreuktfkg`W hu quhr` thr ucf -fenkf7 fn hu phkshnW k.`7 hu k.` s`utrfks3 @ pr`jhss` gh O333N Enkehr * uc pr`jhss` gh trfkseMkhr` tfc*c7k.` ghn2f gh shr3 Cfs k.` ucf trfksh2uf!n quh prhjnsf ghssf p`!frntnjf7-`jM "f


65/75

59

Zàr f$ &r)I!")f$ # bf + &f$$`# $'f!g` `!'fgf6

O;> fj`kthjhuN gh hu hstfr k` eft` prht` h uc jfrf johefr ftr>s gh cnc hch pu2fr7 hu tf-f j`c uc -hstng` h h!h hrf cunt` jurt`7 tnp` h ch hkj`2fr

h "f!fr k` chu ù-ng`W -`jM * f efr`tf cfns !nkgf khssh fr?7 fn qufkg` hu-nrhn h h!h -nu f frf h!h gnsshW ghsju!pf? h sfnu t`g` -hrgh7 f ch 4èfrfc j`nsfs7hngf7 4> ch 4èfrfc `-`3 Kf ruf7 hu jfcnkofkg` h f f!eu*c pfssùfssnc k` jfrr` h p> h 4èù3 Kukjf joheù f phefr hc cnc7 phef-ffssnc k` p* p`ns hu tnkof ` rh"!h2` r>png`3 RH!'r()$'f "` )!4r rf" g2ar` g 18=? B@BF QHHK

O333N tug` j`ch/ù qufkg` hu pfrtnjnphn gh uc erup` gh hstug`s kfXK(L@Q 3 Hrf uc erup` s`rh phsqunsfs hc th`rnf quhhr7 j`rp`7 eMkhr` hsh2uf!ngfgh3 H fn f pfrtnr g`s hstug`s h gfs gnsjusshs hu j`chjhn f chnkqunhtfr f rhsphnt` gf cnkof prúprnf -ngf7 gfs cnkofs quhsths7 fssncj`c` k`s hstug`s7 h f5 j`ch/ù f surenr ` pr`jhss` gh jrnf/.` ghssf"neurf jofcfgf $`!f Erhhk3 F jrnf/.` ghssf phrs`kf thc f -hr j`c t`gf f

cnkof onstúrnf gh -ngf3 &ug` quh hu 4> -nc -n-hkjnfkg` tug` quh hu -nc

:> Xknvhrsngfgh gh L`rtfbhzf.


66/75

55

h2p!`rfkg` h f5 f`s p`uj`s hu "un gfkg` "`rcf h jrnfkg` f "neurf hc sn3 Fphsfr gh shr ucf j`nsf quh k.` * hst>tnjf f ehkth -fn fcfgurhjhkg` h fsj`nsfs -.` sh trfks"`rcfkg`7 prnkjnpf!chkth s`rh ` quh hu jrnhn3 O333N huhsj`!on ` k`ch $`!f Erhhk p`rquh h!h cnsturf gufs !5keufsW ` hspfko`! h f!5keuf nke!hsf prf rnkjf j`c f j`nsf gf grfe quhhk quh e`stf gh `tfr

k`chs nkthrkfjn`kfns3 $`!f -hc gh G`!`rhs quh quhr gnsfnf ` chu sh2`7 4> sfnf quh hrf uc chknk`7 cfs h!f j`!`j`u ` hk2`-f!-hrgh p`rquh h!f gn "unf!eucfs -h jfusf ucf nkthr-hk/.` p`rquh quhrf fquh!hc`-nchkt` fquh!h j`tngnfk` h nss` hc sn 4> * nkthrhssfkth3 RH!'r()$'f "`B`bf r! f!)r` g 18


67/75

5

#f!g` $$f b(f &frf f$ r#f$, &frf # "`!''` g "`')g)f!` fbf';r)`, #f

phr"`rcfkjh # #$ f afraf )` f #f `!'f4 grfe = H$$ f'`, $

g3()gf$, (f) g !"`!'r` g)r'` f f'r)2 g rf")`!fb)gfg o'r`!`rf')(f= Z`ar f

afraf, B`bf f)rf6

O333N hu quns kf "neurf cf2ncn * quh hu j`chjhn f f4ustfr fs `utrfsj`nsfs quh hu k.` tnkof phrjhng` fnkgfW qufgrn!7 jfcnkofr hc jncf g`sf!t`7 ch2hr ` jfh!` quh hu k.` usf-f phrujf hc =6167 hrf chu jfh!`chsc`3 &ug` nss` cugf7 ` 4hnt` quh -`jM `tf ftr>s7 quh -`jM f4hntf `jfh!`3 RH!'r()$'f "` f C#bor Afrafgf g2ar` g 18


68/75

5

O333N hu thko` ucf fkgf jofcfgf F cu!ohr frfgf h `s jfjohnr`s-nf4fkths? quh * fkthrn`r f grfe quhhk7 hkt.` hu k.` p`gnf tnrfr f frf p`rjfusf gf fkgf3 O333N f fkgf * cunt` fktnef3 F nghnf * cunt` fktnef7 cfs ffkgf sú thc g`ns fk`s7 p`r*c f thktftn-f gh "f


69/75

5\

Cg)f!' $$ #fgr` r4#bf';r)` fb'f!' r/4)g` of(r)f #f

$"f&f';r)fT F "`!"*%` g r`#&f$ # $"f& f )!'b)4)a)b)gfg g` 4I!r`, f

"`!$'r#*%` g 4I!r`$ `#'r`$, f &r`b)rf*%` g`$ g$`$ &frf fbM gf#b$

&r)')g`$, $%` &`!'`$ !f fr"of g #f b)ar'f*%` g$$f `&r$$%` "offgf

4I!r`T ]r`$$)4f`$ "` f !frrf')(f gf C#bor Afrafgf=

Hu "un pr` Grfe`k Lfson`k hssh fk`3 F ehkth "`n j`k-ngfg` pfrf ghs"n!fr k`Grfe`k Lfson`k h f5 hu k.` ch ghsc`kthn3 Hu "un k` Grfe`k Lfson`k quh *uc hspf/` quh fs trf-hstns fs trfksh2ufns k.` s.` j`k-ngfgfs3 O333N k.` *uc hspf/` nkthrhssfkth prf h!fs7 h!fs s.` shcprh o`stn!n


70/75


71/75


72/75

1

g(r)f &r)!'fr $r grfe quhhk, ! # $; &`r # g)f= #f &r)I!")f

b)ar'fg`rf=

F$ grfe quhhks 'rf!$`rf ` ffr4` gf ()gf, ` g)$$fa`r gf )$'I!")f,f$ g`r$ g G`b`r$ "`` g)r)f B`bf r! # $fa`r )!"r/(b, gb)")`$`

4bf`r`$` f&r$!'fg` !f$ r`#&f$ f&r'fgf$, !f$ &r#"f$ "`b`r)gf$, !`$ "/b)`$

&`$')*`$, !` 4b)'r !f afraf, !` $fb'` fb'` !f$ &r;'$$ g $)b)"`!= Zr grfe M f

"f&f")gfg g 'rf!$`rfr f$ f)$ &r`#!gf$ 'r)$'2f$ fb4r)f=

H $$ $#)'` # '`g` g)f $ r)!(!'f, "r)f !`(`$ b``$, !`(f$ 4/r)f$,

!`(f$ fb4r)f$ $r)f b ` &r`b$`r g #f #gf!*f $`")fbT H# f"rg)'` # + M=

F grfe quhhk, $f bf "` `# $ afraf, "`` + `a$r(f(f A#'br 188? fgbof 188\ "f#$f )$$#rf$ !` 4rf!g #r` gf rf")`!fb)gfg o'r`!`rf')(f

# $&frf f$ &$$`f$ !`rf)$ gf$ fhrrf/hs, g`$ f4ht`s, g`$ cfrenkfns

phrn"*rnj`s= V#f!'`$ f)$ $`"`$, f'f#$ afbf g "f!o%` $r%` !"$$+r)`$ &frf

grr#afr $$ #r`T Cf)$ #f!'f$ 'rf($')$, o``$$#f)$, bM$a)"f$, 'rf!$#f)$

'r%` # `rrr &frf # !`$$f $`")gfg "o4# f # !/(b f)$ b(fg` g

o#f!)gfg, # !;$ &`$$f`$ r)r g` '&` # "bf$$))"+(f`$ f$

&$$`f$ &`r 'fb "`)$f "offgf 4I!r`T

F"rg)'` # f &r4#!'f g &fr')gf g$$ $'#g` `) r$&`!g)gf, f$

"r)` # #)'f$ `#'rf$ `rf `r#bfgf$= H$&r` 'r $&f*` '&` &frf

r$&`!gr "fgf #f gbf$= Z `r &`$$/(b, `# g$+(b, # # $"r(f #f

&fbf(rf )!fb, 4`$'fr)f g r4)$'rfr # ` # $'#g` "`!)r`# f $#$&)'f # #

')!of g$g ` "`*`6 f$ grfes afrafgf$ &`'!")fb)2f )!'!$))"f f b#'f gf

g$"`!$'r#*%` g` 4I!r` gf $#fb)gfg !#f!'` g)$"#r$`$ a)!+r)`$

o4!)"`$=


73/75

?

QHLHQ:KJNFZ

A@XQGNHX, ])rr= F G;5! C!%&7"5!= Wrfg#*%` g Cfr)f Ob!f Eo!r=Q)` g f!)r`6 Ar'rf!g Arf$)b,


74/75


75/75

9

]QHJNFG@, Af'r)2= C!5>(%8 J58$!%%(7!"6 &r+')"f$ $#a(r$)(f$ g )g!')gfg$#fb= Wrfg#*%` g Cfr)f ]f#bf #r4b Q)a)r`= Z%` ]f#b`6 !-< g)*$, 18=

]QN@QH, Cfr0 Gb= O%83$!% ^58;!%6 $#fb)gfg r`')$` !f o)$';r)f g` Arf$)b=

Z%` ]f#b`6 Hg)'`rf ]bf!'f g` Arf$)b, 18

[Monografia] A performance drag queen, os usos da barba e seus contextos na cidade de Fortaleza - CE

Documents

Transcript of [Monografia] A performance drag queen, os usos da barba e seus contextos na cidade de Fortaleza - CE