Municion Fal Su Historia
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Transcript of Municion Fal Su Historia
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Appendix 'A'
Ammunition
Part 1: UK Intermediate Range
Ammunition Statistics
As mentioned in the bo dy of the text, theIdeal Calibre Panel initially set out by exploring
two different solutions to the problem of
satisfying the stringent 1945 War Office speci-
fications laid down for Rifle and round. To avoid
confusion, these were labelled the .270 and the
.280, although they both shared the common
calibre of .276" or 7 mm.
Initial production as mentioned earlier was
at Radway Green and Kynock. A number of
different specifications were tried, all with
basically either a 130 grain (early) or 140 grain
bullet, the change coming in November 1948.
Other differences include core type, cone
shape (sharp and blunt ogive), gilding metal
and cupro-nickel envelopes, cylindrical and
boat-tail base, and various experimental fil ler
materials (lead, plastic, and wood fibre).
From the very beginning, light alloy was
tried as a case material, and is found either
lacquered plain or bright orange. Various loads
will be found with alloy cases.
The .270 project was dropped in April,
1948. Very few of these early rounds have
survived to the present day.
The change from the .280 calibre to .280/30took place on December 9, 1949, to make the
UK base compatible with that of the US T65.
Working drawings of that period show that the
base had been constantly modified since the
outset in November, 1947. The increase in
velocity to 2,594 fps was inspired by US
Aber de en and Fo rt Benning t r ials res ults ,
which had complained of relative weakness and
unacceptable mid-range trajectory.
This final round of the .280/30 series was
sealed, using the flat-base 140- grain FN S-12
bulle t, in Aug ust 1951 as the "C ar tr id ge , S.A.7mm Ball Ma rk 1 Z. " As an interest ing aside, a
small lot of .280/30 rounds was manufactured to
these specifications in 1970 for new short
rounds tria ls, and headstampe d " R G 70 1 Z "
(see fig. 216).
As the whole projec t be came inc re as in gl y
political, several modified cartridge types were
developed in an attempt both to woo the
adamant Americans away from their T65 round,
and yet salvage some of the light assault Rifle
characteris tics whic h the Brit ish wan ted . The
following compendium l ists these attempts,
most of which unfortunately came to nought in
the face of the flat refusal of US Ordnance to
consider any round less "ef fe ct iv e" than their
.30 cal T65. Co-operation among the British,
Canadians and FN on the development of these
various "compromise" rounds led to FN's
further development and successful marketing
of the 7mm Second Optimum as the "7mm
Liviano" in South America. Later developments
at Canadian Arsenals Ltd saw a small number of
EM2-type Rifles made up in the 7x51 Comp-
romise calibre, although these Rifles are
erroneously marked "7mm H.V.".Data regarding the UK intermediate
cart rid ge devel opments used in this book,
together with the scaled drawings and head-
stamps shown in figs 216-218, are gratefully
acknowledged as being supplied by Mr. A.O.
Edwards of Merton Park, London. A great deal
more detail on these and other Service calibres
can be found in a new series of pamphlets
wri tte n by Mr . Edwards and others , publi shed
by their "Col lector Cartr idges " of Ki ngston,
Canterbury, Kent, England.
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Fig. 216 The full range of the UK Intermed iate CartridgeDevelopment. From left to right:
1. A typical 7.92 mm Kurz the cartridge thatstarted the whole Assault Rifle concept. Headstampindicates manufacture by Metallwarenfabrik Treuenbriet-zen, Sebaldushof, 1943.
2. The first of the Ideal Calibre Panel's attempts atan ideal military round: the .270 (7 x 46 mm). The "K 47"headstamp (Kynoch) is listed as "reported but not seen."
3. The second of the Ideal Calibre Panel's designs,the .280 (7 x 43 mm). The earliest lot of 1947 RadwayGreen experimental cases bore no headstamp. The later1947 1,000-case production run was marked simply " R G " .The project was terminated in 1949.
4. .280/30 calibre, base compatible with US T65.Made in UK and Belgium. The FN 52 and RG 70 are theincreased-velocity pattern sealed as "Cartridge, Ball, 7mm MK 1Z."
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5. The 7 mm High Velocity (7 x 49.5 mm).6. The 7 mm Compromise (7 x 51 mm). This round
also loaded by FN and Dominion Arsenals (Canada).
7. The 7 mm Second Optimum (7 x 49.15 mm). Thisjo in t Anglo-Canadian venture was in parallel wi th No. 6(above). The round was continued and marketed by FN inVenezuela as late as 1957, as the "7 mm Liviano". In thisform it was loaded as ball, AP and tracer. The FN 55 headstampis a 7 mm Liviano loading.
8. 7.62 x 51 NATO representative early UK(Radway Green) loading.
Actual-size drawings by A.O. Edwards, Merton Park, London.
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238
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Fig . 217 Left: "Case , cartr idge , S.A. .280-inch D6(L)615/91". Drawing dated 1/10/47 with revisions to18/12/47.
Right: .280-inch observation bullet, scale 1:1.
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Appendix 'B'
Part 2: UK 7.62mm NATO Ammunition
Statistics
1. Manufacturers of 7.62 mm Ball Small Arms
Ammunition in the UK
RG Royal Ord nan ce Factor y
Radway GreenChesh ire
K Imperial Meta l Industries
(Kynoch) Ltd
Witton , B irmingham
GB Gre enwo od & Batley Ltd
Leeds
2. Ball Ammunition Production dates
RG 1953 to dat e
K 1955 to 197 0
GB 1958 only.
3. UK 7.62 mm NATO Cartridge Types
Desig-
nationType Approx. dates Manufacturer Identification Current Status
L1A1 G re na de launcher
blank
1955 - 57 RG Rear part of case
b l ac k e n e d
device , obsole te ;
l imited issue, re-
placed by L1A2
L1A2 Grenade launcher
blank
1957 on RG, K as ab ove Current service
issue; different
charge to L1A1
L1A1 Drill Round 1955 - 56 RG Usually brass case
with 3 flutes,
painted either
white, red or grey
This is experiment-
al "Round L1A1",
as it has a bullet.
The Grenade Laun-
cher is "CartridgeL1A1" as it is a
blank.
L1A2 Dril l Round 1957 on RG Chromed case , 3
flutes painted red
Current service
i s s u e .
L2A1 Ball 1954 - 56 RG Purple p.a. Early service issue,
cases usual ly H/S
7.62 A1
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Desig-
nationType Approx. dates Manufacturer Identification Current Status
L2A2 Ball 1957 on RG, K, GB Purple p.a.
Bullet wt. 144 gm s
Charge approx. 43
gr am s
Current service
iss ue. Early cas es
were H/S 7.62 A2,
the n L2A2. Since
1976, no load
des ignat ion in
h e a d s t a m p
L2A3 Ball late s ixties RG purple p.a. Exper imenta l; dif-
ferent propel lant
L2A4 Ball 1969, 1972 RG purple p .a . Limited Issue;
American bal l
powder; cases H/ S
L2A4
L3A1 Inspectors
D u m m y
1956 on RG Si lvered case ,
bl ind primer
pocket
Current service
i s s u e
L4A1 Proof 1957 on RG Case coppered
overal l
Current service
i s s u e
L5A1 Tracer 1957 - 61 K Red tip, one can-
nelure on bullet
above case
Early service issue
L5A2 Tracer K Various t ip colours Pure ly exper imen-
tal as far as is
known
L5A3 Tracer 1961 on K, RG Red tip, one can-
nelure on bullet
above case
Current service
i s s u e
L5A4Tracer s e ve n t i e s RG Presumed Red t ip Very l imited issue
Believed to be
bright ignition
tracer for Jungle
u se
L5A5 Tracer s e ve n t i e s RG Presumed Red t ip Very l imited issue.
Bel ieved to be
bright ignition
tracer for Jungle
u s e
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Desig-
nationType Approx. dates Manufacturer Identification Current Status
L6
L7
Not known probably al located to experimental projects
L8which were d i scont inued
L9
L10A1 Extended cr imp
blank
1957 - 60 F N Extended neck
crimp
Contract made by
F N
L10A2 Extended cr imp
blank
1961 -1971 RG Red, clear or green
lacquer on crimp
Service; replaced
by L13A1
L11A1 Ball 1970 - 71 Rauffors G r e en p .a . "Off -shore" con-
tract with Rauffors,
Norway, for British
Army in Germany.
Limited service.
XL12E1 Reduced Bal l 1969 approx. RG Short round-nose
bul le t
Experimental . Low
power round load-
ed with .32 ACP
bullet for anti-riot
use . Not adopted .
L13A1 Extended neck
b lank
1972 on RG Red, or green lac-
quer on crimp
Current service
issue blank. Thin-
ner case walls than
L10A2 for economy
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Appendix 'B' Exploded View Plates