NOA EDS presentation File

7/22/2019 NOA EDS presentation File

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PHYSICS


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Why Physics?

Year Physics Chemistry Biology2009 24/50 (48%) 12/50 (24%) 14/50 (28%)

2010 29/50 (58%) 6/50 (12%) 15/50 (30%)

2011 27/50 (54%) 8/50 (16%) 15/50 (30%)

2013 25/50 (50%) 3/50 (6%) 22/50 (44%)


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Scientists

Scientist Famous For

William Gilbert (1544-1603) Earth is a Giant Magnet

Galileo Father of modern Astronomy

Copernicus Earth revolves around the Sun

Newton Theory of Gravitation and

Mechanics

Benjamin Franklin Characterized 2 types of charges

Henry Cavendish Discovered Hydrogen; calculated

Mass and Density of Earth

Coulomb Experiments on electricity and

Magnetism; established the forcebetween 2 charges

James Watt Steam Engine

Alessandro Volta Study of Electricity; first Electric

Battery

Micheal Faraday Electromagnetic Induction;

Transformer

Joseph Henry First Electric Motor


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Inventors

Inventor Invented

Thomas Edison Light Bulb

Wright Brother Aircraft

Franklin ElectricityCharles Babage First Mechanical Computer

James Watt Steam Engine

Alexander Bell Telephone

Karl Benz Petrol Powered Engine

John Browning Automatic and Semi-Automatic Rifles

Rudolf Diesel Diesel Powered Engine

Willem Einthoven Electrocardiogram

Fleming Penicillin

Marconi Radio

Mendeleev Periodic Table

Wilhelm C. Rontgen Discovered X-rays


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Units

Units Measurement

Astronomical Unit (Au) Distance

Light Years Distance

Parsec Distance (=3.2 Light Yrs)

Ampere Current

Coulomb Charge

Ohm Resistance

Joule Work Done/Heat

Watt Power

Volt Electric Potential

Curie Radioactivity

Becquerel Radio Activity

Rad Absorbed Dose

Gray Abosrbed Dose

Roentgen Exposure


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Units

Units Measurement

Astronomical Unit (Au) Distance

Light Years Distance

Parsec Distance (=3.2 Light Yrs)

Ampere Current

Coulomb Charge

Ohm Resistance

Joule Work Done/Heat/Energy

Watt Power

Volt Electric Potential

Curie Radioactivity

Becquerel Radio Activity

Rad Absorbed Dose

Gray Abosrbed Dose

Roentgen Exposure

Force Newton


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MATTER


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MATTER

Anything that occupies space and hasmassClassification of Matter :


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MAGNETISM

What is a magnet?It is an object that exhibits a strong magneticfield and will attract materials like ironit has 2 poles- North (North-seeking) and South(South Seeking


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MAGNETISM


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North MagneticPole?

N-end of Magnet points towards the arthsNorth Magnetic PoleWhat is the actual direction of arths magneticfield?The present convention is that the NorthMagnetic Pole of the Earth is the South pole ofthe Magnetic substance of the arths core


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Electricity

What is a charge?A property of certain particles that willexperience a force in an electricfield/magnetic field It is either positive/negative It is measured in Coulombs (C) Electrons= -1.6x10^-19 1 Coulomb = 6.25x10^18 electrons


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Electricity

Conservation of Charge?It is not possible to destroy or createchargeYou can cancel the effect of a charge on abody But not destroy it


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Electricity

CurrentIt is the movement of charged particlesDefinition: Rate of Flow of Charge is calledCurrentIn other words, amount of charge flowingper second through a conductorBy convention, Electric Current flows in theopposite direction to the movement ofelectronsIt is measured in Amperes


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Electricity

Electric Potential: the amount of ElectricPotential Energy at a point is calledElectric Potential EnergyElectric Potential Difference: The differentin the Electric Potential Energy b/w 2 pointsIt is also known as voltage = the work doneper unit charge b/w 2 points


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Electricity


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Resistance

It is the opposition of the conductor theflow of chargeIts unit is OhmFactors affecting Resistance: Area of Cross Section of Conductor-Decreases as it increases Length of the conductor- increases aslength increases Temperature- increases with increase intemperature (metals) Resistivity of the object


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Resistance

Resistors in Series: The current is same through all Voltage is different according toResistance Total Voltage is the sum of voltagesacross the resistors Resistance is the sum of all the resistors


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Resistance

Resistors in Parallel: Current is different Potential Difference is the same acrossall resistors Combined Resistance is smaller than theSmaller Resistor


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Types ofElectricity

Alternating Current Direction continuously changes Generated by a Generator Used for transportation (No voltage dropsduring transportation) Frequency of 40Hz to 60HzDirect Current Does not change direction Generated by Battery No Frequency


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Energy

EnergyThe ability to do workEnergy can neither be created nordestroyed but it can be changed from oneform to anotherIts unit is Joules


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Energy

The following are the forms of Energy Chemical- Energy stored in Fuel which isreleased during Chemical Reactions Kinetic Energy- Energy of a moving object Gravitational Potential Energy- energy that anobject contains due to its position Elastic (Strain) Potential Energy Electrical Energy- Energy transferred by Current Thermal Energy- energy due to temperature

(due to KE of particles) Nuclear Energy- Energy stored in the Nucleus Light Energy- Energy transferred through wavesand light particles Sound Energy- Transferred via Sound Waves


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Energy Sources

Renewable SourcesEnergy exists freely in natureSome will exist infinitely (never run out andthus Renewable)Others will deplete (like coal etc.)Sources are: Biomass Wind Energy Hydro Energy Geothermal Solar Marine


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Wind Energy

Wind is caused by huge convection current inthe arths atmosphereIt is driven by the Suns energyAs long as the sun shines we will have Windsand thus produce wind energyMoving wind has KE


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Hydro Energy

Converts the Potential Energy stored in waterto Kinetic Energy to run the Turbines


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Heat

All matter is made up of molecules and atomsThe motion/vibration of these creates heatAll matter has this thermal Energy/HeatThe heat ceases to exist at Absolute ZeroTemperatureIts value is 0K or -273.15 degrees


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Heat

How is heat transferred?Heat can transfer from 1 place to another in 3ways: Conduction, Convection and RadiationWhenever there is a temperature differencebetween 2 systems/bodies heat will betransfered


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Conduction

It is the transfer of heat between substancesthat are in direct contact with one anotherThe better the conductor, the more rapidlyheat will be transferred


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Convection

Convection occurs when warmer areas of aliquid or a gas rise to cooler areas in a liquidor gasThe cooler liquid or gas takes the place ofthe warmer gas/liquidsThis leads to a convection current


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Radiation

Radiation is a method of heat transfer that doesnot rely upon any contact between the heatsource and the object that is heatedIt can be transmitted through empty spaces aswellSuns heat reaching the surface of the earth


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Radiation

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