Persecución Religiosa en Mexico. "La Epopeya Cristera" - G. Carrere Cadirant-

7/31/2019 Persecución Religiosa en Mexico. "La Epopeya Cristera" - G. Carrere Cadirant-

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Vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l cg Oérima‘Hl Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl‟

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<' Lgpcmc`cgpc} :' Vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l

=' Hl Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl 0' Jclpieimlmiýg y mlgagitlmiýg `c oìzpizc} `c hl Vcz}cmsmiýg Zchinia}l 3' Lmpa `c mag}lnzlmiýg s}l`l vaz ha} mzi}pcza} 5' Jijhianzleïl

‘]cnsg`l Mzstl`l M agpzl ha} *]ig @ia} Dlmajiga}‟

<' Lgpcmc`cgpc}4Hl vcz}cmsmiýg hijczlh y ol}ýgiml magpzl hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml cg Oérima ( |sc `c}cgml`cgý hl

‘Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl‟ cg ch }inha RR( ga czl }iga magpigslmiýg `c hl igimil`l cg ch }inha RIR'Ch <5 `c }cvpicojzc `c <2<6 ( cg ch hhlolà ‘Nzipa `c @ahazc}‟ ( ch }lmczàpc Oinsch Bi`lhna y

Ma}pihhl igimiljl ch vzamc}a `c ‘nsczzl ig}szncgpc a miuih‟ |sc mshoiglzïl mag hl ig`cvcg`cgmil `c Oérima'Ha} aji}va} }a}pcgïlg |sc ga }c pzlpljl `c nsczzl vaz hl ig`cvcg`cgmil }iga( sgl hsmbl igds}pieiml`l y}lhuldc magpzl sgl mhl}c `c hl }amic`l`4 hl crlhplmiýg `c hl} pszjl}( magami`l} maoa ha} ‘mbiglma}‟ ( magpzlhl} mhl}c} lhpl} `c hl }amic`l`( magamià} maoa ha} ‘nlmbsvigc}‟ ' Ga aj}plgpc( hl jsznsc}ïl mziahhlloczimlgl `ch }inha ìcmigscuc( lg}ia}l `c hijczlz}c `ch va`cz `c hl Mazagl c}vlüahl y `c hl igehscgmil `c hlInhc}il Mlpýhiml( }c lnzsvý cg hanil} ol}ýgiml} hamlhc}( igpczucgi`l} vaz ezlgmol}agc} `ch gazpclgnha}ldýg( |sc yl cgpagmc} js}mljlg vcgcpzlz cg ch }ahlz ijczaloczimlga' Cg :0 `c ecjzcza `c <2:<( chVhlg `c Inslhl `cmi`c hl ig`cvcg`cgmil maovhcpl maoa oaglz|sïl mag}pipsmiaglh y }cülhl l hl ZchiniýgMlpýhiml maoa jl}c c}vizipslh `c hl ui`l ocrimlgl; ch covczlàz Lns}pïg `c Ipszji`c amsvlzì ch najiczga'Vlzlhchlocgpc( ch ‘Olgieic}pa @c}piga‟ hc} }cülhljl l ha} najczglgpc} `c C}plà} Sgià} ch Hcdlga Ac}pcmaoa ocpl; l}ï Pcrl}( Gscua Oérima( hl Lhpl Mlhieazgil y Lzitagl cgpzljlg cg ha} vhlgc} lgcriagi}pl}' Vazchha esc maoi}iaglà }s cojldlàz Vaig}cpp( l hl eazolmiýg `c sg ‘Vlzpià Loczimlga‟ cg Oérima; }ajzc hljl}c `c hl} ‘hanil} yazkigl}‟ ; ch vzaycmpa czl ‘Hl Zcvôjhiml Ec`czlh y Hliml‟ ' Mag hl mahljazlmiýg `c

hijczlhc}/ol}agc} y ha} mag}pipsmiaglhi}pl}( cg <2:0 Ipszji`c }czì `c}pipsià y es}ihlà cg Vlìhhl'

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Ch Nzlh' Uimcgpc Nsczzcza vzamhlolzì l}ï hl Zcvôjhiml cg <2:0 ; }c }lgmiagl hl Mag}pipsmiýg' Maoicgtl sgvczïaà `c `cml`cgmil4 ch }cvlzlpi}oa mcgpzaloczimlga( hl vzavlnlg`l lgpizzchinia}l( hl nsczzl `c Pcrl} yhl nsczzl magpzl ha} C}plà} Sgià}( |sc mshoigl mag ch Pzlplà `c Nsl`lhsvc( ch : `c ecjzcza `c <202 ( |scha hhcul l hl vézì`l `ch 36# `c }s pczzipazia ”Pcrl}( Gscua Oérima( Lzitagl y hl Lhpl Mlhieazgil /; hl vahïpimlcrpcziaz `c Oérima |sc`ý l}ï }sjazìgl`l l ha} C}plà} Sgià}'

l' Vzc}i`cgmil `ch @z' Jcgipa Dsìzct "<233/>:)'Cg <233 ( }c `c}lpl hl zcuahsmiýg hijczlh mag pa`l }s uizshcgmil lgpimlpýhiml( mslgà }c blmc mag ch

va`cz Jcgipa Dsìzct( igìa tlvapcml( `c Alrlml( |sc l ha} << lüa}( mag lys`l `ch hcna mlzochipl]lhlgscul( lvzcg`c ml}pchhlga y l hccz y c}mzijiz( ha |sc hc vczoipc ignzc}lz cg ch ]coiglzia' Ljanlà oì}plz`c y vahïpima( iovagc( ajhinlà vaz hl hanil gazpcloczimlgl `c Gscul Azhclg}( hl Mag}pipsmiýg `c <23> ( `cazicgplmiýg hijczlh( y hl} Hcyc} `c Zceazol `c <239 ( sgl y apzl} ljiczplocgpc ba}pihc} l hl Inhc}il4 lhnsgl}ì}va}imiagc} c}vcmïeiml}( cgpzc hl} |sc }ajzc}lhiczag4 Lzpimsha =´4 Chioigl l hl Inhc}il `c hl c`smlmiýg;Lzpïmsha <= ́ 4 Zlpieiml hl Hcy Dsìzct `c <233 |sc vagc eig l ha} vziuihcnia} y pzijsglhc} c}vcmilhc} vlzl hlInhc}il; Lzpïmsha :>´4 Zlpieiml hl Hcy Hczà `c <235 |sc vzabïjc l hl Inhc}il lòigi}pzlz jicgc} a covzc}l} ga`c}piglà} lh mshpa zchinia}a; Lzpïmsha 35´4 Iovi`c l ha} }lmczàpc} }cz ìvsplà}; Lzpïmsha 3>´4 Iovi`c l ha}}lmczàpc} l}vizlz l hl Vzc}i`cgmil `c hl Zcvôjhiml; y Lzpïmsha <:=´4 Vczoipc lh Najiczga magpzahlz hlvzìmpiml `ch mshpa' ]s najiczga ìa plojiég lvaya l sgl Inhc}il ocrimlgl ( vzcmlzia igpcgpa `c mzclz( cg pazgal sg vajzc mszl( sgl Inhc}il mi}oìpiml' ]] Vïa IR mag`cgý c}pl} ocì`l}; cguiý sg maosgimlà lh

Vzc}i`cgpc `c hl Zcvôjhiml Ocrimlgl `c msya pcrpa paoloa} sg ezlnocgpa |sc l hl hcpzl ìmc4 *hculgploa} gsc}pzl uat vagpieimil mag hl hijczpl` lva}pýhiml vlzl mag`cglz( zcvzajlz y `cmhlzlz ïzzipa} y `c gignôg ulhaz ha} hhlolà} `cmzcpa} `c zceazol y paà ha `coì} |sc blyl vzlmpimlà hl lspazi`l` miuih mag plgpa `c}vzcmia `c hl lspazi`l` cmhc}iì}piml y `c c}pl }ihhl lva}pýhiml* ' C}pc zc}vlhà lj}ahspa `ch Vlvl blmil ch mhczaocrimlga ls}vimiý sg ‘lhtloicgpa vavshlz mlpýhima‟ cg ha} lüa} <232/<25<( magamià maoa hl *nsczzl `c pzc} lüa}* ; vziocz vzcmc`cgpc `c hl cvavcyl mzi}pczl' Hl mlpahimi`l` ocdimlgl }a}psua c}l hsmbl magpzll|schha} hlimi}pl} `c hl Zceazol ( plojiég dlmajiga}( |sc bljïlg iovsc}pa hl hijczpl` vlzl paà} ha} mshpa} /crmcvpa ch mshpa mlpýhima( }aocpià lh magpzah zc}pzimpiua `ch C}plà/( hl vsc}pl l hl ucgpl `c ha} jicgc} `c hlInhc}il( hl vzabijimiýg `c ha} uapa} zchinia}a}( hl }svzc}iýg `c hl Maovlüïl `c Dc}ô} y( vaz plgpa( `c }s}mahcnia}( ch dszlocgpa `c paà} ha} covhclà} `ch C}plà l eluaz `c c}pl} ocì`l}( hl `cvazplmiýg y chcgmlzmchloicgpa `c ha} aji}va} a }lmczàpc} |sc vzapc}plzlg y sgl zcvzc}iýg }lgnzicgpl `c hl}olgiec}plmiagc} `c vzapc}pl( vlzpimshlzocgpc gsocza}l} cg ha} c}plà} `c Dlhi}ma( Oimbalmìg( Vscjhl(

Phlrmlhl ; ch najiczga hijczlh vzculhcmiý nzlmil} l hl lys`l `c ha} C}plà} Sgià}' Cg <256 Dsìzct crvsh}ý`ch vlï} l paà} ha} vzchlà} crpzlgdcza}( ha mslh bita |sc ha} mag}czulàzc} vcg}lzlg cg hhlolz l sg zcy acovczlàz `c hl gajhctl |sc ha} *lmczmlzl l @ia}* ( vlzl }s}pipsiz lh vzc}i`cgpc ig`ïncgl |sc ha} c}pljl *lmczmlgà lh ìljha* '

j' Vzc}i`cgmil `c ]cjl}piìg Hczà `c Pcdl`l "<2>:/>>)'É}pc( |sc bljïl c}psìlà cg ch ]coiglzia `c Vscjhl( lmcgpsý hl vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l' Mag hl

zc}plszlmiýg `c hl Zcvôjhiml }c lvhimlzag lh vic `c hl hcpzl hl} Hcyc} `c Zceazol; ch :6 `c olya `c <2>= ( chNajczglàz `ch @i}pzipa Ec`czlh( vaz ýz`cgc} `ch Vzc}i`cgpc lzzc}pý l paà} ha} dc}sipl}( l}ï maoa l ha}ezlihc}( oagdl} y }lmczàpc} crpzlgdcza}' Ch vcziýìma }sj}iìlà vaz ch Najiczga hhlolà *ch ec`czlhi}pl* cg}s cìmiýg `ch :< `c olya `c <2>= mag}ingý pcrpslhocgpc4 *ha} }lmczàpc} glpszlhc} `ch vlï} }cnsizìg vsznlgà cg hl mìzmch }s `c}ajcìcgmil l hl} hcyc}; hl} oagdl} ga va`zìg uahucz l mag}lnzlz}c y ha} }lmczàpc} crpzlgdcza}( vlzpimshlzocgpc ha} dc}sipl}( }czìg `c}pczzlà} `ch vlï} maoa mis`l`lga} vczgimia}a}*' Ch najiczga ec`czlh `cmiìý zceazolz hl Mag}pipsmiýg( maovhcpìgàhl; ch `cmzcpa `ch :3 `c }cvpicojzc `c <2>= ( igmazvazljl ha} migma `cmzcpa}( magamià} maoa Hcyc} `c hl Zceazol( l hlMag}pipsmiýg `c <23>' Sgl cgoicg`l mag}pipsmiaglh `cmiìý hl crvsh}iýg `c hl} Bczolgl} `c hl Mlzi`l` /l|sicgc} ch oi}oa Dsìzct zc}vcpý/( ga aj}plgpc |sc `c hl} 0<6 |sc bljïl( =33 czlg ocrimlgl}( |sclpcg`ïlg l mczml `c <3'666 vcz}agl} cg }s} ba}viplhc}( l}iha} y c}mschl}' Cg mlojia( }c eluazcmiýaeimilhocgpc hl ìes}iýg `ch vzapc}plgpi}oa( mag lvaya gazpcloczimlga; l}ioi}oa }c vzabijiý |sc bsjiczlesczl `c ha} pcovha} mslh|sicz olgiec}plmiýg a lmpa zchinia}a'

Paà c}pa vzauamý apza ‘lhtloicgpa vavshlz mlpýhima‟ ( hhlolà `c ha} Zchiniagcza} "<2>=/<2>5)( }cnsgàvzcmc`cgpc `c hl cvavcyl mzi}pczl' Ha} vziocza} hculgploicgpa} `c vza`sdczag cg gauicojzc `c <2>= cgOazchil( Tiglmlpcvcm( @ahazc} Bi`lhna( Hcýg; osmba oì} nzluc} esczag hl} pzlncìl} cg Daglmlpcvcm(Pcol}mlhpcvcm y Pcdsvihma' Cg cgcza `c <2>0 ( hl ‘Cvavcyl zchiniagczl‟ }c crpcg`ïl maoa olgmbl `c lmcipc

lh nzipa `c ¬Uiul hl Zchiniýg, ¬Osczl ch olh najiczga, ¬Osczlg ha} vzapc}plgpc},



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Hl micnl zcvzc}iýg `ch najiczga vza`sda sg olyaz lvaya vavshlz; cg plh }cgpià }cülhljlg4 ‘Hl mag`smpl `c

ha} dcec} olg`là} vaz ch najiczga vlzl }aeamlz hl zcuahsmiýg c} oì} vzavil vlzl luiulz ch igmcgìa |sc vlzl }aeamlzha‟ ' Lh ezcgpc `c c}pl nsczzl vavshlz( ucz`l`czl nsczzl `c nsczzihhl}( }c cgmagpzljlg4 Dc}ô}Nagtìhct( Jcgipa Oc}l( @aoigna Dsìzct( Nljzich Pazzc}( Lgpagia Zctl( Dc}ô} ]azluihhl( ]amazza Zcyc}'Ha} vzchlà}( maoa cg osmbl} aml}iagc}( ga ajzlzag `c olgczl sgieazoc; oicgpzl} sga} zcmaocg`ljlgajcìcgmil l hl} hcyc}( apza} ltstljlg cg magpzl `ch najiczga' Ch Nzlh' Vazeizia @ïlt `czzijý l Hczà `cPcdl`l nzlmil} lh lvaya vavshlz; ch oauioicgpa zchiniagcza `c}lvlzcmc( vaz ga pcgcz yl zltýg `c }cz vsc}(Vazeizia @ïlt }c lvzc}szý l vlmplz mag hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml mag ch lulh `c Ch Ulpimlga4 ch zéniocg }sluitlzïl hllvhimlmiýg `c hl} Hcyc} `c Zceazol }i ch mhcza }c maovzaocpïl l magmcgpzlz}c crmhs}iulocgpc cg }s hljazvl}pazlh'

m' Vzc}i`cgmil `ch Ncgczlh Vazeizia @ïlt "<2>>/<9<6)'Czl( maoa Dsìzct( `c Alrlml y lgpinsa }coiglzi}pl; `c}cgml`cgý sgl zcuahsmiýg |sc hc hhcuý lh

najiczga `c Oérima `szlgpc ml}i =6 lüa}4 esc zcchcnià amba ucmc} ( cg sgl elz}l `c chcmmiagc}( cgpzc <2>>y <9<6' Ch hijczlhi}oa `ch Vazeizilpa esc oì} pahczlgpc mag hl Inhc}il' Lsg|sc `cdý uincgpc} hl} hcyc}vcz}cmspazil} `c hl Zceazol( gazolhocgpc ga hl} lvhimljl; vcza olgpsua cg }s najiczga( c}vcmilhocgpc cghl c`smlmiýg vzcvlzlpazil y sgiucz}iplzil( ch c}vïzips hlimi}pl lgpizzchinia}a' ]c oauihitý mag ls`lmil y ajpsuach lvaya `c hl Magec`czlmiýg Ol}ýgiml Igpczglmiaglh y `ch ]svzcoa Mag}cda Osgìlh `c Hag`zc} |sccguilzag coi}lzia} l Oérima l ìlhanlz mag ha} igpcnzlgpc} `c hl} hanil}( `c msyl} magucz}lmiagc} }c

ajpsua hl lgscgmil `c hl ol}agczïl sgiucz}lh vlzl |sc ch Nzlh' Vazeizia @ïlt lmpslzl cg js}ml `c hl vlt y `chl zcmagmihilmiýg Inhc}il/C}plà( mag ajdcpa `c `cdlz lh vlï} cg magìmiagc} `c c}pljihi`l` vlzl eluazcmcz hligucz}iýg crpzlgdczl( ha} mzéìpa} y ch vzanzc}a `ch }scha ocrimlga'

Hl magmihilmiýg vzavsc}pl vaz ch najiczga mag}i}piý cg ga maojlpiz hl} olgiec}plmiagc} zchinia}l} crpczgl}`c hl Inhc}il oicgpzl} é}pl mahljazl}c l mag}czulz hl vlt' ]sdcpa ch lmsczà l hl magucgicgmil ospsl( hl}ýz`cgc} zchinia}l} esczag zc}pljhcmi`l}( }c ljziczag c}mschl} y mcgpza} `c cg}cülgtl zchinia}l( }c oa}pzýpahczlgmil l ha} lmpa} `c mshpa crpczga( }c cziniczag ha} aji}vlà} `c Pljl}ma( cg <226; ch `c Mahiol( cg<22<( y ]iglhal cg <22=' Vlzl <293( ch gôocza `c pcovha} l}mcgìý l 9'326( lsocgplgà cg 0'52> cgzchlmiýg l ha} |sc cri}pïlg cg <2>2' Ch mhcza `cgaoigý l c}pl évaml `c pzlg|sihi`l` y jaglgtl *vlr vazeizilgl* |sc esc osy maocgpl`l( magpzauczpi`l y mzipiml`l' ]ig cojlzna( ha} mlpýhima} mag}czulàzc}olgiec}pljlg |sc ga oaìeimlzïlg }s va}imiýg zc}vcmpa l hl hcni}hlmiýg zceazoi}pl( vsc} hl mag}i`czljlg sg

vzajhcol `c magmicgmil; vaz ha plgpa( magpigsljl }s mag`cgl l ha |sc mag}i`czljlg zaja} }lmzïhcna} `c ha}ajdcpa} y vzavic`l`c} cmhc}iì}pima}( l hl c`smlmiýg iovlzpi`l vaz ch C}plà y l hl }cmshlzitlmiýg `cholpzioagia' Mag}ahi`là cg ch va`cz ch nzsva hijczlh( }c eluazcmiý hl ìes}iýg `ch vzapc}plgpi}oa( maoa jl}chijczlh zlìmlh cg ch olzma `c }s magezagplmiýg mag hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml' Mag lvaya `ch najiczga( }czcvza`sdczag hl} magnzcnlmiagc} zceazoi}pl} vzapc}plgpc}( hl} |sc pcgïlg maoa mlzlmpczï}piml c}cgmilhaezcmcz lh igìui`sa vlspl} y oa`cha} aznlgitlpiua}( cg zsvpszl mag ha} oa`cha} mazvazlpiua} pzlìmiaglhc}(hinlà} cg nzlg vlzpc lh mlpahimi}oa'

Vcza }czì l vlzpiz `c <9<6( mag hl `cgaoigl`l ‘Zcuahsmiýg Ocrimlgl‟( hl izzsvmiýg cg ch vlgazlolihs}pzlà `c sg }amilhi}oa y sg olzri}oa zlovlgpc}( mslgà hl }ipslmiýg lhmlgmc }s vsgpa mzïpima4 cgpzc<9<0 y <9<> ha} aji}va} esczag `cpcgià} a crvsh}là}( ha} }lmczàpc} cgmlzmchlà}( hl} oagdl}crvsh}l`l} `c }s} magucgpa}( ch mshpa zchinia}a vzabijià( hl} c}mschl} zchinia}l} mczzl`l}( hl} vzavic`l`c}cmhc}iì}piml} magei}ml`l}' Hl Mag}pipsmiýg `c <9<> hcnlhitý ch lpl|sc l hl Inhc}il y ha zlìmlhitý `c olgczligpahczljhc' Cg ch vczïaà `c <9<0 l <9=0( ch oì} mzscgpa `c hl vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l cg Oérima( aji}va}(}lmczàpc}( hlima}( baojzc}( osdczc} y giüa}( aezcmiczag }s} ui`l} lh nzipa `c ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, Psua }svsgpa mshoiglgpc `c <9:5 l <9:9( mslgà ch cgpagmc} Vzc}i`cgpc `c hl Zcvôjhiml( Ncgczlh Vhsplzma Chïl}Mlhhc}( vzaoshný sgl hcy }ajzc ch mshpa( |sc hhcul}c l hl vzìmpiml hl} ì}va}imiagc} `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg `c<9<>' C}pl} ì}va}imiagc}( magami`l} maoa ‘Hcy Mlhhc}‟ ( c}pljhcmïlg ch gôocza `c oigi}pza} }lnzlà} vazhamlhi`l`( vzabijïlg hl vzc}cgmil `c }lmczàpc} crpzlgdcza} cg ch vlï}( hioipljlg ch cdczmimia `c ha} lmpa} `cmshpa y( cgpzc apzl} ì}va}imiagc} oì}( vzabijïlg ha} }coiglzia} y magucgpa}'

Lgpc c}pl} zc}pzimmiagc}( y pzl} ezs}pzlgpc} gcnamilmiagc} vaz vlzpc `c ha} aji}va} ocrimlga} mag hl}lspazi`l`c} `ch Najiczga( hl Inhc}il `c Oérima( cg }cülh `c vzapc}pl( `cmiìý }s}vcg`cz ha} lmpa} `c mshpa'



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Hl zcjchiýg ga }c bita c}vczlz4 cg hl vlzpc ammi`cgplh `c Oérima "c}vcmilhocgpc cg Dlhi}ma(Lnsl}mlhicgpc}( Oimbalmìg( Nslgldslpa y Mahiol )( osmba} mlpýhima} paolzag hl} lzol} vlzl `cecg`cz hlhijczpl` zchinia}l' Lhnsga} }lmczàpc}( lsg|sc cg gôocza crinsa( }c sgiczag l chha}; vcza hl olyaz vlzpcavpý vaz sgl zc}i}pcgmil vlmïeiml' Ha} c}psìa}a} mscgplg }ýha ucigpc }lmczàpc} cgpzc ha} l`bczcgpc} l hlhsmbl lzol`l' Cgpzc ha} hlima} }c eazolzag à} nzsva}4 ha} eluazljhc} l hl hsmbl lzol`l y ha} |sc }cigmhigljlg vaz hl zc}i}pcgmil vlmïeiml' ]c pzlpljl `c hl Cvavcyl `c ha} Mzi}pcza} ( |sc( maoa }s} bczolga}`c Hl Ucg`éc( }c eazolzag jlda hl} jlg`czl} `ch ]lnzlà Mazltýg4 mczml `c micg oih baojzc} lzolà}(lvaylà} vaz hl} hhlol`l} *Jzinl`l} Jagipl}* "osdczc} |sc paoljlg l }s mlzna hl }lgi`l`( hl igpcg`cgmil yhl} maosgimlmiagc})'

Hl Cvavcyl }c `c}lzzahhý `c}`c <9:5 bl}pl <9:9( cg |sc }c eizol ch Vlmpa Zchinia}a cgpzc chNajiczga y ha} Aji}va} ( vaz ch |sc é}pa} lmlpljlg hl Mag}pipsmiýg y }c vagïl eig l hl hsmbl mzi}pczl' L vc}lz`ch `cmi}iua lvaya vavshlz |sc hculgpljlg ha} Mzi}pcza} cg }s lulgmc( hl az`cg hhcnl`l `c hl ]lgpl ]c`c `c`cvagcz igocìlplocgpc hl} lzol}( esc ìhincgpcocgpc ajc`cmi`l' Ha} `c hl Hinl y ha} mzi}pcza} }ljïlg |scczl sgl pzlovl( |sc ch Najiczga ga zc}vcplzïl gsgml ha} lzzcnha}( y |sc cgpzcnlgà hl} lzol} y `cdlgà hlmhlg`c}pigi`l` hl osczpc czl }cnszl; ha bimiczag }iovhcocgpc vaz|sc ha olg`ljl hl Inhc}il( vaz ei`chi`l`'Vaz ajcìcgmil l hl Inhc}il' C}pa }svs}a sgl hlznl y `szï}iol vzscjl vlzl hl ec `c ha} mzi}pcza}( |sc }igcojlzna }c olgpsuiczag eichc} l hl Inhc}il mag hl lys`l }ajzc paà `c ha} oi}oa} }lmczàpc} |sc `szlgpchl nsczzl hc} bljïlg l}i}pià'

:' Vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}lHl bi}pazil `c hl Inhc}il cg Oérima cgpzc <9<< y <906 esc plg lmczjl( |sc ch ]] Vïa RI hl maovlzý l

hl `c ha} vziocza} }inha} mzi}pilga}' Ch = `c olya `c <9<<( }sznc ch *Vlzpià Mlpýhima Glmiaglh* ( }ajzc hljl}c `ch *Oauioicgpa Ajzcza Nsl`lhsvlga* ; }s hcol czl *@ia}( Vlpzil y Hijczpl`* ( y }s msya eiglgmiloicgpaesc msjiczpa cg eazol olyaziplzil vaz ch Lztaji}va ( Oag}' Da}é Oazl `ch Zïa'

l' Vzc}i`cgmil `c Ezlgmi}ma Inglmia Ol`cza Nagtìhct "<9<</<9<=)']c lhiý esczpcocgpc lh mlpahimi}oa; ch mhcza vahïpima lvayý hl mazzicgpc |sc cg magdsgpa `cgaoiglzag

*@coamzlmil Mzi}pilgl* ' Ch <: `c lna}pa `c <9<= ( jlda sg mhiol `c pcg}iýg zcuahsmiaglzil( glmiýeazolhocgpc hl L}amilmiýg Mlpýhiml `c hl Dsucgps` Ocrimlgl "LMDO)( sg nzsva làmpziglà vlzl zc}vag`czl hl uiahcgmil lgpimhczimlh zcuahsmiaglzil' ]c aznlgitý l giuch glmiaglh( eazolgà maoipé} zcniaglhc}; ml`l

sga chcnïl l }s vzc}i`cgpc y `c cgpzc chha}( }c chcnïl l sg vzc}i`cgpc glmiaglh |sc maazìgljl hl}lmpiui`l`c} `c hl dsucgps` mlpýhiml `c paà ch vlï}' Ch vzc}i`cgpc Ol`cza Nagtìhct psua |sc }ahimiplz chlvaya `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml vaz|sc ch vlï} `c}`c cgpagmc} bljïl c}plà magush}a y }cülhl pcrpslhocgpc4*Esc gcmc}lzil hl igehscgmil `c hl Inhc}il vlzl hanzlz hl vlmieimlmiýg `ch vlï}( }lmsìà vaz igocg}a oauioicgpa `c zcuahsmiýg y jlgì`ldc*' Hl dczlz|sïl mlpýhiml zc}vagìý l ha} `c}ca} `ch Najiczga ocìlgpcsg àmsocgpa |sc vc`ïl l ha} aji}va} *hl ajcìcgmil |sc }c `cjc l hl lspazi`l` mag}pipsi`l* ' Ch Nzlh'Uimpazilga Bsczpl( vazeizi}pl ( }c mageljshý mag ha} C}plà} Sgià} vlzl `lz sg nahvc `c C}plà; mageazoý sgnzsva `c oihiplzc} oczmcglzia} l |sicgc} maovzý mag ìgcza ylg|si'

j' Vzc}i`cgmil `ch Nzlh' Uimpazilga Bsczpl "<9<=/<9<5)'Ch <9 `c ecjzcza `c <9<= }c }sjhcuý; pzlimiagý y l}c}igý l Ol`cza( lzzcjlpìgàhc vaz hl escztl hl

}ihhl vzc}i`cgmilh' Mag hl s}szvlmiýg `c Bsczpl( ch mhcza vsjhimý igocìlplocgpc sg c}mzipa `c mag`cglmiýgblmil ch nahvc `c C}plà y plgpa hl Inhc}il maoa ch Vlzpià Mlpýhima Glmiaglh }c olgpsuiczag l ì}plgmil `chpzliàz' É}pc lmag}cdlà vaz ch cojldlàz `c ha} C}plà} Sgià} pzlpý `c mag|si}plz hl }iovlpïl `c hl dczlz|sïl cmhc}iì}piml maholgà `c zcnlhïl}( eluazc} y aj}c|sia} l hl Inhc}il' Ch mhcza olgpsua sgl va}pszleizoc; ch Vlzpià Mlpýhima Glmiaglh l pzlué} `c }s vcziýìma( uamcza aeimilh( *Hl Glmiýg* maojlpiý esczpcocgpclh s}szvlàz najiczga `c Uimpazilga Bsczpl y vaz az`cg `c é}pc hl} aeimigl} `ch vlzpià y `ch vcziýìma esczagigmcgìl`l}( }l|scl`l} y `c}pzsi`l}' Ch Nzlh' Ucgs}pilga Mlzzlgtl Nlztl( ajhiný l Bsczpl l `cdlz ch olgày ch vlï}( oszicgà cg ch `c}piczza cg ch Vl}a( Pcrl}'

m' Vzc}i`cgmil `ch Ncgczlh Ucgs}pilga Mlzzlgtl Nlztl "<9<5/<9:6)'C}pc vczïaà |sc }c mlzlmpczitý vaz hl `szctl `c }s vcz}cmsmiýg magpzl hl Inhc}il' ]s} pzavl}

oshpivhimljlg ha} igmcgìa} `c pcovha}( zaja} y uiahlmiagc}( lpzavchha} l }lmczàpc} y zchinia}l}; mslgà ha} dcec} oihiplzc} |sc`ljlg maoa najczglàzc} `c ha} C}plà} hijczlà} ( ìmpljlg magpzl hl Inhc}il hcyc}pizìgiml} y lj}sz`l}4 |sc ga bsjiczl Oi}l oì} |sc ha} àoigna} y mag `cpczoigl`l} magìmiagc}; |sc ga

}c mchcjzlzlg Oi}l} `c ìesgpa}; |sc ga }c mag}czulzl ch lnsl vlzl ha} jlspi}oa} cg hl} vihl} jlspi}olhc}(}iga |sc }c ìczl ch jlspi}oa mag ch lnsl |sc mazzc `c hl} hhluc} ; |sc ga }c lòigi}pzlzl ch }lmzlocgpa `c



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hl vcgipcgmil }iga l ha} oazijsgà}( y ‘cgpagmc} cg uat lhpl y `chlgpc `c sg covhclà `ch Najiczga ‟'Lmpslhocgpc cg Oérima mlzzlgmclz }ingieiml zajlz( y sg lpzavchhlàz c} sg mlzzlgmi}pl ' Osy maovzaocpiàmag }s} bczolga} ol}agc}( psua |sc lvaylz lh hijczlhi}oa y lplmlz l hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml; ha}mag}pipsmiaglhi}pl} }c lva`czlzag `c ha} cìeimia} y jicgc} `c hl Inhc}il( `c}pczzlzag l ha} aji}va}(cgmlzmchlzag l }lmczàpc} y oagdl}( }l|sclzag magucgpa} y olg`lzag es}ihlz l ha} hï`czc} mszl}' Vlzl ha}mag}pipsmiaglhi}pl} paà ha |sc czl mlpýhima `cjczïl }cz `c}pzsià; vlzl ha} mlpýhima} c}pljl jicg mhlza |scMlzzlgtl czl cgcoina `c hl Inhc}il y `c hl zchiniýg mlpýhiml'

@c}vsé} `c pzc} lüa} `c mzscgpl vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l( }c zcsgiczag cg \sczéplza l vlzpiz `cgauicojzc `c <9<5 ha} <<2 ìvsplà} `ch Magnzc}a `c hl Sgiýg vlzl zcui}lz hl Mag}pipsmiýg `c <23>' Hscna`c lmlhazlà} `cjlpc} y cgmcgì`l} vahéoiml}( àg`c ha} mhczýeaja} y vzapc}plgpc} mlzzlgmi}pl} |sc`lzagcg oigazïl ezcgpc l ha} dlmajiga} vlzpi`lzia} `c Ìhulza Ajzcnýg( }c vs}iczag lh eig `c lmsczà y vsjhimlzagch 3 `c ecjzcza `c <9<> sg àmsocgpa |sc bljzïl `c cgpzlz cg uinaz ch `ïl < `c olya4 hl Mag}pipsmiýg Vahïpiml `c ha} C}plà} Sgià} Ocrimlga} '

L}ï }c mzi}plhitý hl azicgplmiýg lgpimzi}pilgl y ol}ýgiml `ch C}plà' Vzamhloljl hl }cvlzlmiýg Inhc}il/C}plà( blmiégàhl `cvcgìcgpc `c é}pc4 vaz sg hlà `c}plmljl hl hijczpl` `c magmicgmil y vaz apza hlhioipljl' Ha} lzpïmsha} |sc ha cgolzmljlg czlg4 Lzpïmsha =´4 @cmhlzl |sc hl c`smlmiýg }czì hliml y vzabïjc|sc mslh|sicz zchiniýg a oigi}pza `c mshpa iovlzpl mhl}c}( gi ìzidl mcgpza} c}mahlzc}; cg}cülgtl hliml;

Lzpïmsha 3´4 ]c vzabijïlg ha} uapa} zchinia}a}( ha magucgpa} y hl} ýz`cgc} oagì}piml}; Lzpïmsha :04 Bljhl `chl hijczpl` zchinia}l; vcza vzabïjc pa`l olgiec}plmiýg vôjhiml `c Ec; }svzc}iýg `ch mshpa crpczga; Lzpïmsha :>´4 Pa`l} hl} vzavic`l`c} `c hl Inhc}il vl}lg l }cz `ch C}plà; Lzpïmsha <=6´ 4 Ga }c hc zcmagamc vcz}aglhi`l` dszïìml l hl Inhc}il; magpzah `ch mhcza' C}pc ôhpioa lzpïmsha vzaesgìtl ch }cgpià lgpimhczimlh `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg(}cülhlgà ch `czcmba `ch va`cz ec`czlh `c igpczucgiz cg olpczil} `c mshpa zchinia}a y `c ì}mivhigl crpczgl(`c mageazoi`l` mag hl} hcyc}' Gignsgl vcz}agl |sc ga }cl ocrimlgl vaz glmioicgpa( va`ïl cdczmcz hl}esgmiagc} `c oigi}pza `c gignôg mzcà zchinia}a' Iova}ijihipljl l ha} oigi}pza} `ch mshpa vlzl uaplz maoamis`l`lga} y vlzl }cz chcnià} maoa esgmiaglzia} vôjhima}' Ha} oigi}pza} `c mshpa czlg igmlvlmc} `cbczc`lz `c apza} oigi}pza} `c mshpa a `c igìui`sa vlzpimshlz' @cpczoigljl ch gôocza `c }lmczàpc} vlzlml`l C}plà' ]c vzabijïl `c inslh olgczl l ha} oigi}pza} `c mslh|sicz mshpa ch blmcz mzïpiml `c hl} hcyc} almpa} `c hl} lspazi`l`c} |sc najiczglg' Cg olpczil `c }lmzlocgpa}( vaz vagcz sg cdcovha( hl magec}iýglszimshlz c}pljl vzabiji`l y cg ml}a `c |sc }c lspazitlzl `cjïl zclhitlz}c cg vzc}cgmil `c sg lncgpc `c hl

hcy' @c c}pl olgczl( ch cdczmimia `c hl zchiniýg mlpýhiml ucgïl l }cz sg mziocg cg Oérima( y }s} mzcycgpc}pzlplà} maoa `chigmscgpc}' Cg sg Oérima `c |sigmc oihhagc} `c bljiplgpc}( ch 93# czl mlpýhima; }smag}pipsmiýg magpcgïl igmlvlmi`l`c} hcnlhc} magpzl hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml( |sc`lgà mhlzlocgpc vhlgpclà l}ïch magehimpa `c magmicgmil'

Hl pìmpiml czl olgieic}pl4 c}mhluitlz l hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml a lmljlz mag chhl' @imbl mag}pipsmiýg }c iovs}avaz hl éhipc najczglgpc( yl |sc ga cri}piý zlpieimlmiýg vaz vlzpc `ch vscjha; ha ôgima |sc ga vzabijïl c} hlhijczpl` `c mzccz'

Hl vcz}cmsmiýg }c zcmzs`cmïl y ha} aji}va} ga mc}ljlg cg }s} `colg`l} `c lsrihia; hl Mageczcgmil Cvi}mavlh `c C}plà} Sgià} esc |sicg lys`ý ezlpczglhocgpc l ha} `c}c}vczlà} vzchlà} ocrimlga} l}ahimips` ìzcmpl `c ]] Jcgcìmpa RU( |sicg vzcamsvlà vaz plg pzcocgà} lmagpcmioicgpa} |sc hl inhc}ilocrimlgl c}pljl }sezicgà( cgmaocg`ý hl gajhc plzcl `c lys`lz l hl zcvôjhiml ocrimlgl y lh oi}oa picovalnzl`cmïl plg ncgcza}l ì}va}imiýg'

Ha} vzchlà} bljïlg vzapc}plà vaz hl Mag}pipsmiýg }sdcplgà lh dsimia `ch ]soa Vagpïeimc }ajzc plhvzamc`cz( ]] Jcgcìmpa RU zc}vagìý lh Cvi}mavlà mag ecmbl `ch <3 `c dsgia `c <9<> `c bljcz bcmba*sgl ma}l osy mageazoc lh aeimia vl}pazlh( y ìngï}iol `c gsc}pzl lhljlgtl* ( l`coì} `c blmcz vlpcgpc }svlpczglh vzcamsvlmiýg( vzaocpicgà }s lys`l vlzl lhiuilzha}' L c}pl vzapc}pl plojiég }c sgiczag ha}lztaji}va} y aji}va} `c C}plà} Sgià} `c Gazpcloéziml( l pzlué} `c sg àmsocgpa eizolà vaz chMlz`cglh Nijjag}( Lztaji}va `c Jlhpioaz ' Hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml vzapc}pý vôjhimlocgpc magpzl ulzia} lzpïmsha}`c hl Mag}pipsmiýg' Ch Lztaji}va `c Nsl`lhldlzl ( Oag}' Ezlgmi}ma Azatma y Dioégct bita mizmshlz sgocoazìg`so |sc `cgaoigý *Mlzpl vl}pazlh* ( ch mslh }lhiý l hl hst vôjhiml ch :0 `c dsgia `c <9<> ' @imbaàmsocgpa czl pzl}mzivmiýg eizol`l vaz ml}i paà} ha} aji}va}( lvzajl`l vaz ch gsgmia lva}pýhima y vaz chVlvl' Sgl vlzpc `c c}pc ocoazìg`so `cmïl pcrpslhocgpc4 *ga vzcpcg`coa} igoi}msizga} cg msc}piagc} vahïpiml}' Pcgcoa} vaz ôgima oýuih msovhiz mag ch `cjcz |sc ga} iovagc hl `cecg}l `c ha} `czcmba} `c hl

Inhc}il y `c hl hijczpl` zchinia}l' Cg gsc}pza mlzìmpcz `c dcec} `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml vzapc}ploa} magpzl hl pcg`cgmil `c ha} mag}pipsycgpc} `c}pzsmpazl `c hl zchiniýg( `c hl mshpszl y `c hl} pzlìmiagc}'



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Vzapc}ploa} magpzl }cocdlgpc} lpcgplà} cg ocgnsl `c hl hijczpl` zchinia}l y `c ha} `czcmba} `c hl Inhc}il y `cmhlzloa} |sc `c}magamczcoa} paà lmpa a olgieic}pa magpzlzia l c}pl} `cmhlzlmiagc} y vzapc}pl}*' C}pcljiczpa vzagsgmiloicgpa magpzl ch Najiczga `c hl Zcvôjhiml aml}iagý ch zcvsìa `c ha} mlzzlgmi}pl} |scc}pljlg lvhlmlà}'

@c}`c cgpagmc} ga mc}lzag `c lplmlz y vzc}iaglz lh mhcza mag}insicgà cg dshia `c <9<2 |sc esczlcrvsh}là `ch vlï} ch Lztaji}va Azatma y Dioégct' Maoa mag}cmscgmil `c c}pc lmpa igds}pa ha} maojlpiua}mlpýhima} dlhi}micg}c} hi`czlà} vaz ch Uimlzia Olgsch Lhulzlà }c vs}iczag `c hspa y zclhitlzag vhlgpagc} yvzapc}pl}; bimiczag mazzcz zsoazc} y cdczmiczag lmpa} `c jaimap vlzl `c}c}pljihitlz lh vlï}' Cg ha} lzmbiua}`ch B' Magnzc}a `ch C}plà `c Dlhi}ma }c mag}czul ch igeazoc |sc zigìý ch Nzlh' Olgsch O' @iénsct lgpc hlRRUI Hcni}hlpszl `c ìmba msczva hcni}hlpiua ch < `c ecjzcza `c <9<9 àg`c ìmc pcrpslhocgpc4 *ch mhcza( hcda} `c }aocpcz}c l ha} olg`lpa} `c hl lspazi`l` miuih( l}soiý sgl lmpips` zcjch`c' Ha} dczlzml} mlpýhima} }s}vcgìczag hl} oi}l} y ha} aeimia} zchinia}a}; bimiczag mzccz l ha} eichc} |sc ch Najiczga mazpljl hl hijczpl` `c mshpa} y oauiczag cg }s magpzl l ha} echinzc}c} `c}`c ha} vôhvipa} vlzl |sc ch vscjha vzaec}lzl blmil hl} lspazi`l`c} sg aìa cglz`cmià |sc czl }s}mcvpijhc `c pzlg}eazolz}c cg zcjch`ïl lzol`l* '

Osmba} apza} lvayljlg hl hsmbl `ch Oérima mlpýhima4 ch Cvi}mavlà Hlpigaloczimlga' `ch <> `c olya lh :6 `c gauicojzc `c <9<> vzapc}pý; ha bimiczag ha} aji}va} `c hl} ìýmc}i} `c Vlgloì( Pzsdihha; HlVhlpl( Vlzlgì( ]lgpl Ec "Lzncgpigl); Hadl( Hl ]czcgl( Nzlgl`l( Olglnsl( Mscgml( Psgdl( Lzl}}slby(

]lgpilna `c Msjl( Jlz|sc}iocpa( ]lg ]lhulàz( ]lgpl Lgl( Jlzjl}pa( Oc`chhïg( Ehazilgývahi}( Ijlnsé(Vsga( Mlovigl}( Mlzplncgl y Nslpcolhl; ch Cvi}mavlà Ezlgmé} vzapc}pý ch 9 `c ìmicojzc `c <9<2 y chCvi}mavlà C}vlüah bita ha oi}oa ch <9 `c olzta `c <9<9 '

Ch cglz`cmioicgpa `c ha} mlpýhima} |sc yl c}pljlg ì}vsc}pa} l paà bita maovzcg`cz lh najiczgamag}pipsmiaglhi}pl hl zclhi`l` `ch vchinza `c ha mslh zc}shpý |sc ch Nzlh' Ucgs}pilga Mlzzlgtl covzcgìý sglvahïpiml `c zcmagmihilmiýg y lmczmloicgpa mag hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml' ]c uahuiý pahczlgpc y vczoipiý |sc ha}mlpýhima} hhculzlg l mlja mag pa`l mhl}c `c elmihi`l`c} sgl vczcnziglmiýg oshpipsìglzil vlzl magocoazlz hlmazaglmiýg `c hl Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc; ìmba lmpa ol}iua }c zclhitý ch <> `c ampsjzc `c <9<9 ' Mlzzlgtl vzanzloý }s zcchcmmiýg lhilà mag ch mhcza mlpýhima' Ha} oihiplzc} mag}i`czlzag c}l }ipslmiýg maoa sg nzlgczzaz y paolzag hl `cpczoiglmiýg `c chioiglz lh Nzlh' Mlzzlgtl lgiolà} vaz hl} maovlüïl} vcpzahczl} |scc}pljlg cg ch vlï}( l hl} |sc hc} bljïl lvhimlà iovsc}pa} crmc}iua} vlzl |sc ljlgàglzlg ch pczzipazia

glmiaglh'Ch `ïl uiczgc} := `c ljzih `c <9:6 sg nzsva `c oihiplzc} pzliàzc} lh Najiczga `c hl Zcvôjhiml( eizoýsg àmsocgpa magamià maoa ch *Vhlg `c Lnsl Vzicpl* ocìlgpc ch mslh `c}magamïlg y mc}ljlg cg }s}esgmiagc} lh Vzc}i`cgpc `c hl Zcvôjhiml y ha }s}pipsïlg vaz ch Nzlh' Làhea `c hl Bsczpl( l |sicg `cgaoiglzag*Dcec ]svzcoa `ch Cdézmipa y `c hl Glmiýg* ' Ch vlmpa `c bagaz `c Lnsl Vzicpl( ]agazl c}pljhcmiýmaovzaoi}a} osy }czia}; esc eizolà vaz ulzia} ncgczlhc}( cgpzc chha}( Làhea `c hl Bsczpl( Vhsplzma Chïl}Mlhhc}( Vl}mslh Azpit Zsjia y Hìtlza Mìz`cgl} `ch Zïa'

Mslgà paoý ch va`cz ch Nzlh' Làhea `c hl Bsczpl Olzma}( |sc`ý magucgmià `c |sc czl gcmc}lziamagpigslz mag hl pahczlgmil blmil ch mhcza mlpýhima' Hl Inhc}il lvzaucmbý c}pl crmc}iul elmihi`l`nsjczglocgplh vlzl zcuiplhitlz lh Vlzpià Mlpýhima Glmiaglh lh |sc hc igycmpý sg esczpc lvazpc eiglgmicza yzclhitý ch <9 `c dshia `c <9:6 sgl magucgmiýg glmiaglh `lgà maoa zc}shplà sg vlzpià osmba oì} esczpc|sc mlojiý `c gaojzc hhloìgà}c `c}`c cgpagmc} *Vlzpià Glmiaglh Zcvsjhimlga* ' Cg c}pl magucgmiýglplmlzag `szlocgpc l hl Mag}pipsmiýg `c <9<> ìmicgà pcrpslhocgpc4 *hl Mag}pipsmiýg |sc lmpslhocgpc ga} zinc c} `c elmpa sgl Mag}pipsmiýg |sc ml}i cg hl paplhi`l` `c }s} lzpïmsha} y cg hl paplhi`l` `c }s} va}pshlà} ul cg magpzl `c ha} vzigmivia}( pzlìmiagc}( }cgpioicgpa} y l}vizlmiagc} `ch vscjha ocrimlga*' Mag ch lvaya`c ha} C}plà} Sgià} `c Gazpcloéziml ch Nzlh' Ìhulza Ajzcnýg ]lhià hlgtý }s mlgì`lpszl l hlvzc}i`cgmil `c hl zcvôjhiml y pzisgeý zapsg`locgpc cg hl} chcmmiagc} hhcul`l} l mlja ch 3 `c }cvpicojzc `c <9:6'

`' Vzc}i`cgmil `ch Ncgczlh Ìhulza Ajzcnýg ]lhià "<9:6/<9:0)'Ch < `c ìmicojzc `c <9:6 ( maocgtý }s olg`lpa y plojiég hhcný l hl magmhs}iýg `c |sc `cjïl }cz

loina `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml( l hl mslh zc}pipsyý paà} ha} pcovha} |sc bljïlg }ià mhls}szlà} cgpzc <9<0 y<9<9'



>

Ch :3 `c ampsjzc `c <9:0 eizoý sg `cmzcpa vzc}i`cgmilh |sc lspazitljl hl vczolgcgmil `c sgzcvzc}cgplgpc `ch Vlvl cg ch vlï}; gl`l bita( cg mlojia( vlzl `cpcgcz hl c}mlhl`l lgpimlpýhiml |sc }s}ncgczlhc} /ucz`l`cza} zcuahsmiaglzia} dlmajiga}( lgpinsa} mag}pipsycgpc} y ol}agc}( elgìpima}lgpimlpýhima}/ hhculjlg l mlja cg ha} c}plà}' ]ig cojlzna( ha} ol}agc} `ch zipa yazkiga `c ha} C}plà}Sgià} hanzlzag igehsiz vlzl |sc Ajzcnýg c}pioshlzl cg eazol amshpl l ha} hijczlhc} lgpimhczimlhc} mag ch eig`c |sc ba}pinlzlg l hl Inhc}il; hhcuý l}ï l`chlgpc ch iovsh}a vcz}cnsiàz `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg ocrimlgl( mag hll}psmil `c ga lvhimlzhl igpcnzlhocgpc

' Cg sgl avazpsgi`l` }cülhý4 ‘Hl ìui}iýg |sc pcgna ch aznshha `c olg`lz bl mzstlà hl Zcvôjhiml `c sg

crpzcoa l apza cg ocìa `c hl} olhìmiagc} `c ha} ezlihc} y `c ha} lglpcol} `c ha} jsznsc}c}' Ga bly vlzl oï nhazil olyaz4 hl olhìmiýg `c ha} ezlihc} lvazpl hl nhazieimlmiýg‟ ' Maoicgtl l cui`cgmilz}c osy }spihocgpcc}l vcz}cmsmiýg magpzl hl Inhc}il y }s} eichc}( |sitì ga `c olgczl olgieic}pl yl |sc }c |sczïl nslz`lz sgliolncg `c lvczpszl cg ha} gscua} najiczga} |sc }c ijlg mag}ahi`lgà cg Oérima( oì} |sc gl`l `c mlzl lC}plà} Sgià}; ga aj}plgpc( hl} vzapc}pl} ga }c bimiczag c}vczlz }ig zc}vsc}pl lhnsgl' Ch @chcnlàLva}pýhima vsà vczmlplz}c `c c}pc àjhc dscna `ch vzc}i`cgpc vaz ha |sc `cmiìý avagcz}c l hl} `cmi}iagc}`ch Najiczga l pzlué} `ch Vlzpià Glmiaglh Zcvsjhimlga'

Ch 5 `c ecjzcza `c <9:<( c}plhhl sgl jaojl cg hl vsczpl `ch Vlhlmia Lztaji}vlh' Ch najiczga }cülhl|sc c} l mag}cmscgmil `c hl vzauamlmiýg |sc ncgczý sgl mlzpl vl}pazlh coipi`l magpzl ch ]amilhi}oa' Maoa

zc}vsc}pl( ha} dýucgc} lmcdaplcocza} aznlgitlzag sgl nslzìl vczolgcgpc cg ch hsnlz `c ha} bcmba} y sglolgiec}plmiýg `c vzapc}pl( ch 2 `c ecjzcza ( hl mslh pczoigý cg sgl ziül cgpzc mlpýhima} y ‘}amilhi}pl}‟; ulzia}

vlzpimivlgpc} esczag cgmlzmchlà} vaz pzc} `ïl}' Ch vzc}i`cgpc Ajzcnýg `cmhlzljl lh zc}vcmpa |sc ‘}i hl

Inhc}il bsjiczl c}plà `c lmsczà mag hl Zcuahsmiýg( gl`l `c c}a bljzïl amszzià‟'

Ch <= `c Olya `c <9:<4 ag`clg jlg`czl} zadigcnzl} }amilhi}pl} cg hl Mlpc`zlh `c Oazchil'

Ch <0 `c gauicojzc `c <9:<4 }c vza`smc sgl crvha}iýg cg hl jl}ïhiml `c Nsl`lhsvc ezcgpc l ha} vic}`c hl Iolncg; |sc`ý igplmpl y }c `c}msjzc |sc ch zc}vag}ljhc esc sg covhclà `c hl ]cmzcplzïl vlzpimshlz`c hl Vzc}i`cgmil' Ch Najiczga bita mazzcz ch zsoaz |sc ha} mshvljhc} esczag mlpýhima} igpcgplà vzauamlzsgl lniplmiýg'

Vlzl <9:: ( hl LMDO bljïl lhmlgtlà sg lhpa nzlà `c ol`szct y c}pljl mageazol`l vaz nzsva} `c dýucgc} `c paà hsnlz y `c ìeczcgpc} c}pzlpa} }amilhc}' Lhnsga} `c }s} oicojza} covctlzag l eazolznzsva} `c zc}i}pcgmil( maoa hl Sgiýg Vavshlz( cg Nsl`lhldlzl' Magami`l maoa hl ‘S‟ ( czl sgl }amic`l`}cmzcpl |sc pcgïl sgl dczlz|sïl `c dcec}4 `c mahagil( }cmpaz( vlzza|sil( mis`l` y zcniýg( jlda hl ìzcmmiýg `cOag}' Ezlgmi}ma Azatma y Dioégct( lztaji}va `c hl @iýmc}i} ; Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct Ehazc} esc `c}inglà }szcvzc}cgplgpc' Apzl} aznlgitlmiagc} js}mlzag olyazc} c}vlmia}( maoa hl} @lol} Mlpýhiml} y ha}Mljlhhcza} `c Mahýg |sc( `c lmsczà mag hl} ig}pzsmmiagc} `c hl Cgmïmhiml `l`l vaz Hcýg RIII ch <´ `cgauicojzc `c <223( }c cgmagpzljlg jlda hl dszi}ìmmiýg `c hl dczlz|sïl cmhc}iì}piml( `cjicgà pcgcz ml`lsgiýg zcniaglh sg }lmczàpc maoa ìzcmpaz c}vizipslh( lvzajlà vaz ch aji}va( magìmiýg }ig hl mslh hl Inhc}ilga }c blmïl zc}vag}ljhc gi lvzajljl plhc} aznlgitlmiagc}'

Ch << `c ecjzcza `c <9:= 4 }c crvsh}l lh @chcnlà Lva}pýhima ( Oag}' Czgc}pa Eihivvi vaz }s vlzpimivlzcg hl jcgìmiýg `c hl vzioczl vic`zl `ch oagsocgpa l Mzi}pa Zcy cg hl oagplül `ch Msjihcpc( cgNslgldslpa( |sc magpý mag sgl vlzpimivlmiýg `c 36'666 vcz}agl}; }izuiý `c vzcpcrpa vlzl *blmcz ulhcz hl Mag}pipsmiýg* '

Ch 0 `c Ampsjzc `c <9:0 ( psua hsnlz ch Vziocz Magnzc}a Csmlzï}pima Glmiaglh ( ha |sc vzauaml}lgmiagc} l ulzia} vlzpimivlgpc} y ch `c}vià `c covhclà} `ch najiczga |sc l}i}piczag' Ch Nzlh' ÌhulzaAjzcnýg ]lhià `cmiìý magmcgpzlz ch va`cz cg }s vcz}agl lvhimlgà ocì`l} mcgpzlhi}pl} `c piva ìmplpazilhl hl} |sc }c avs}a cg eazol zlìmlh hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml' Ch najiczga `c Ajzcnýg ga }c va`ïl `lz ch hsda `ccgezcgplz}c ljiczplocgpc lh mhcza vahïpima vaz ha |sc `cmiìý zcmszziz l najczglàzc} y ncgczlhc} }czuihc} cigmagìmiaglhc} }sya}( |sicgc} `c}lplzag sgl nsczzihhl lgpimhczimlh' C} méhcjzc ch ml}a `ch Him' Da}éNsl`lhsvc Tsga Bczgìg`ct( |sicg }icgà najczglàz `ch C}plà `c Dlhi}ma `c}cgml`cgý sgl vcz}cmsmiýgjzsplh c igc}vczl`l cg magpzl `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml( l hl |sc lplmý mag sgl eszil cgha|scmi`l |sc `cgapljlelglpi}oa( igpahczlgmil y zcvzc}iýg'



2

L c}pl lmmiýg vcz}cmspazil c igds}pl }c avs}a ch Aji}va ( Oag}' Azatma y Dioégct( |sicg mag sgl vzaesg`luamlmiýg cvi}mavlh hsmbý mag ulhcgpïl( mzcìgà}c sg magehimpa bi}pýzima cg hl Inhc}il y ch C}plà |sc`c}cojamý cg sg cgezcgploicgpa lzolà `c lhmlgmc glmiaglh `cgaoiglà *Hl Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl* ' Ajzcnýgcovctý l vcg}lz cg zcchcniz}c vlzl ha mslh `cmiìý lmljlz mag ha} cgezcgploicgpa} y lvlminsý hl }ipslmiýg'@cmiìý cgpagmc} lhilz}c mag }s} cgcoina}; apazný gsculocgpc magmc}iagc} lh mhcza y aezcmiý vsc}pa} yìgcza l ha} mlzzlgmi}pl}( tlvlpi}pl}( uihhi}pl} y `chlbsczpi}pl}' Olg`ý l}c}iglz l ha} ncgczlhc} |sc ga|si}iczag pzlg}lz mag éh y vzcvlzý ch pczzcga ezïl y mlhmshlàzlocgpc' Mag}insiý |sc nlglzl hl} chcmmiagc}}s hclh vsviha( ch Nzlh' Vhsplzma Chïl} Mlhhc} |sicg paoý va}c}iýg ch < `c ìmicojzc `c <9:0 ; c}pc vzc}i`cgpcìziniý ch vlï} cg `ssguizlpa mag Ajzcnýg( }s olc}pza y vzapcmpaz'

c' Vzc}i`cgmil `ch Ncgczlh Vhsplzma Chïl} Mlhhc} "<9:0/<9:9)'Hl hclhpl` l }s dcec Ajzcnýg hc ulhiý ajpcgcz hl }ihhl vzc}i`cgmilh( vcza maoa najczglgpc ga vsà

mag}ahi`lz}c vaz|sc hl }aojzl `ch mlsìhha ha avlmljl' Paà} }ljïlg |sc ch Nzlh' Ìhulza Ajzcnýg bljïliovsc}pa lh Nzlh' Vhsplzma Chïl} Mlhhc} y vama l vama }c esc ncgczlgà sg mhiol `c igmageazoi`l`(vlzpimshlzocgpc cg ch nzsva oihiplz' Ulzia} ncgczlhc} }c }cgpïlg mag ch `czcmba `c vlzpiz ch vl}pchzcuahsmiaglzia y criniczag msapl} `c va`cz( ha mslh esc jha|sclà y gshieimlà vaz Ajzcnýg |sicg pcgïl hstucz`c `c Mlhhc} vlzl paolz `cmi}iagc} cg c}c }cgpià; ulzia} oihiplzc} igmageazoc} esczag ml}pinlà} ylhnsga} l}c}iglà} oi}pczia}locgpc'

Ch :< `c ecjzcza `c <9:3 ( ha} mlsìhha} `c hl Magec`czlmiýg Zcniaglh Ajzczl Ocrimlgl "MZAO )(covcülà} cg blmcz oézipa} vahïpima} `c olgczl |sc ch najiczga `c Chïl} Mlhhc} }c }igpiczl ml`l uct oì}maovzaocpià mag chha}( igpcgplzag }c vzamhlol hl *Inhc}il Mlpýhiml Lva}pýhiml Ocrimlgl*( l mlzna `ch cr/}lmczàpc Dal|sïg Vézct( maoa *vlpzilzml `c hl Inhc}il glmiaglh ocrimlgl * /lgpc} `c }cz }lmczàpc bljïlmagpzlïà olpzioagia( bljïl }ià }ah`là y c}pljl leihilà l hl ol}agczïl/; psua zcvczms}iýg lhnsgl cg hlvajhlmiýg' L Vézct hc }smcìý apza elh}a }lmczàpc( gsgml az`cglà( hhlolà C`slzà @ìuihl( sg nzlà ==`c hl ol}agczïl ocrimlgl( |sc hhcný l c}mzijiz4 * Inhc}il Mlpýhiml y ol}agczïl }c maovhcocgplg''' y }c vsc`c }cz maoa ya( nzlg ihsoiglz `c hl ol}agczïl y lztaji}va vziolà `c Oérima* ' ]aha pzc} }lmczàpc}zc}vagìczag( zcpzlmpìgà}c va}pcziazocgpc'

Ch vzaycmpa ezlml}ý zapsg`locgpc Nzlmil} l hl `cuamiýg `ch vscjha ocrimlga y }s pc}pioagia `c eizoctlezcgpc l hl} hcyc} }cülhl`l}( ]] Vïa RI cg hl Cgmïmhiml ‘\sl} Vziol}‟( `ch << `c ìmicojzc `c <9:3 ( `cmhlzl

`c olgczl sgiucz}lh hl Ec}piui`l` `c Mzi}pa Zcy' Oérima esc hl vzioczl glmiýg cg mag}lnzlz}c maoa ul}lhha`c Mzi}pa Zcy y ch vziocz oagsocgpa esc mag}pzsià cg <9:6'

Ch : `c ecjzcza `c <9:5 ( ]] Vïa RI ìzinc lh Cvi}mavlà ocrimlga }s mlzpl ‘Vlpczglc ]lglc

]ahimipsà‟ ( cg hl |sc crbazpl l ha} mlpýhima} l covzcg`cz hl lmmiýg mïuiml magpzl hl} hcyc} vcz}cmspazil}(vcza lj}pcgiégà}c `c eazolz sg vlzpià magec}iaglh( vlzl cuiplz |sc ch najiczga lms}c l hl Inhc}il mlpýhiml`c }cìmiýg y `c igpczucgiz cg vahïpiml; `cplhhý hl} gazol} magmzcpl} |sc bljïlg `c lvhimlz}c cg hl Zcvôjhimlocdimlgl vlzl hanzlz ch `c}lzzahha ì}mivhiglà y ceimlt `c c}pl lmmiýg mlpýhiml' Mag zc}vcmpa l hl }ipslmiýgvahïpiml( ]] Vïa RI c}pljhcmiý pzc} gazol}4 ha} mlpýhima} `cjcg lj}pcgcz}c `c eluazcmcz l mslh|sicz vlzpiàvahïpima; ga vsc`cg eazolz sg vlzpià vahïpima mag `cgaoiglmiýg mlpýhiml; ch mhcza `cjc cuiplz pa`ligpczucgmiýg cg hl vahïpiml `c ha} vlzpià}'

Czl c}pì hl olgczl `c |siplz pa`l jl}c l sg va}ijhc lpl|sc `ch Najiczga magpzl ch mlpahimi}oa vaz zltagc}`c az`cg vahïpima' ]ig cojlzna( ch Vlvl lmhlzý |sc ha} mlpýhima} va`ïlg y `cjïlg cdczmcz paà} ha} `czcmba}y `cjczc} miuihc} maosgc}' Cg zchlmiýg mag ch mhcza( lùizpiý l`coì} |sc c}pé ga va`ïl gi `cjïl`c}cgpcg`cz}c vaz maovhcpa `c ha} nzluc} vzajhcol} }amilhc} y vahïpima}4 maoa mis`l`lga( ch }lmczàpc`cjc cdczmcz }s} `czcmba}( y maoa oigi}pza }lnzlà( `cjc sgniz hl magmicgmil `c ha} eichc} vlzl |sc é}pa}msovhlg mag eazplhctl }s} `cjczc} vahïpima}'Ch Nzlh' Mlhhc} ajc`cmiý lh Nzlh' Ajzcnýg y `cmiìý magmcgpzlz ch va`cz l jl}c `c iova}imiagc}( lhilgtl} yìmpl`szl; bita lvzajlz hl hcy zcnhlocgplzil `ch lzpïmsha <=6´ mag}pipsmiaglh( hl mslh esc vzaoshnl`l yvsjhiml`l ch 5 `c cgcza `c <9:5 ( vzabijicgà pczoiglgpcocgpc hl} olgiec}plmiagc} zchinia}l}( oi}l} yvczcnziglmiagc}' Mlhhc} az`cgý l ha} najczglàzc} `c ha} c}plà} |sc bimiczlg lvhimlz c}pzimplocgpc hl}ì}va}imiagc} hcnlhc}; y lgpc plh aecg}iul ch mhcza ga }c mzstý `c jzlta}; ch Lztaji}va `c Oérima ( Oag}'Da}é Oazl y `ch Zïa ìda vôjhimlocgpc4 ‘''' ch Najiczga `c Mlhhc} olgivshlà vaz Ajzcnýg bl vsc}pa hl napl |sc `czzloý ch ul}a*'



9

Ch Lztaji}va `c hl Mis`l` `c Oérima ( Da}é Oazl y `ch Zïa( cg sgl cgpzcui}pl `ch ìlzia ‘Ch Sgiucz}lh‟ ch 0 `c ecjzcza ( mzipimý ha} lzpïmsha} :´( 3´( >´ y =6´ `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg( }cülhlgà |sc ha} mlpýhima} ga zcmagamïlghl} hcyc} mag}pipsmiaglhc} |sc lpcgpljlg magpzl hl hijczpl` zchinia}l y |sc hsmblzïlg vaz }s `czanlmiýg'Pcrpslhocgpc crvzc}ý4 *''' hl àmpzigl `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml c} igulziljhc( vaz|sc zcvzc}cgpl hl ucz`l` igajdcpljhc zcuchl`l vaz @ia} l ha} oazplhc}' Ha} vzchlà} ocrimlga} bimioa} sgl cgézniml vzapc}pl cg <9<> magpzl hl Mag}pipsmiýg y ga} avs}ioa} ljiczplocgpc l hl} ì}va}imiagc} magpcgi`l} cg ha} lzpïmsha} |sc lpcgplg magpzl hl hijczpl` `c mshpa} y magpzl ha} ànol} zchinia}a}' Gsc}pzl igmageazoi`l` }c olgpicgc eizoc( ga bl }ià oaìeiml`l }iga zajs}pcmi`l vaz|sc }c ig}vizl cg hl }lgpl àmpzigl `c hl Inhc}il'Covzcg`czcoa} sgl mlovlül glmiaglh magpzl hl} hcyc} igds}pl} y magpzlzil} lh `czcmba glpszlh `ch baojzc'Ch mhcza mlpýhima( ch cvi}mavlà y ha} echinzc}c} ga zcmagamcoa}( dloì} zc}vcplzcoa} y }icovzc maojlpizcoa} mag escztl ha} lzpïmsha} pczmcza( |sigpa( ucigpi}icpc y micgpa pzcigpl `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg uincgpc*'

Hl cgpzcui}pl }c maguizpiý cg hl avazpsgi`l` `ch najiczga vlzl ds}pieimlz ch miczzc `c hl} c}mschl} mlpýhiml} y`c ha} magucgpa}( hl crvsh}iýg `c ha} }lmczàpc} crpzlgdcza} y hl hioiplmiýg `ch gôocza `c ha} }lmczàpc}(lvhimlgà c}pzimplocgpc hl Mag}pipsmiýg( c}vcmilhocgpc ch lzpïmsha <=6´' Mslgà ch Nzlh' Mlhhc} hcyý chvcziýìma l pcovzlgl bazl( crmhloý4 *¬C} sg zcpa lh Najiczga y l hl Zcuahsmiýg,* ' ]cnsi`locgpc az`cgý |sc}c cgmlzmchlzl lh lztaji}va( |sicg vlzl cuiplz }cz hhculà l hl vzi}iýg( }c zcpzlmpý vôjhimlocgpc `c }s}`cmhlzlmiagc} vcza viìý lsrihia l ]] Vïa RI'

Ch Vlvl az`cgý }s}vcg`cz hl} oi}l} cg paà ch vlï} y mczzlz ha} pcovha}' É}pc esc ch vzioczmbi}vlta `c hl ‘Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl*' Hl zclmmiýg esc igocìlpl cgpzc ha} mlpýhima} ocrimlga}( l}amilmiagc}maoa hl LMDO "L}amilmiýg Mlpýhiml `c hl Dsucgps` Ocrimlgl)( hl *S* Sgiýg Vavshlz( Mïzmsha} `c Azlmiýg yC}psìa( Hl Mzstl`l Ecocgigl `c hl Hijczpl`( esg`l`l} vaz ch }cnhlz Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct Ehazc}; dsgpa mag hlMGMP "Magec`czlmiýg Glmiaglh Mlpýhiml `c Pzljldlàzc})( hl Sgiýg `c @lol} Mlpýhiml} y hl SgiýgGlmiaglh `c Vl`zc} `c Eloihil( esg`lzag ch 9 `c olzta ( mag ch jcgcvhìmipa `ch Cvi}mavlà( hl HINLGLMIAGLH @C HL @CECG]L @C HL HIJCZPL@ ZCHINIA]L( hl mslh `cecg`czïl ha} `czcmba} `c vzaec}lz(magec}lz y vzaoaucz hl Ec Mlpýhiml y js}mlz hl zceazol `c ha} lzpïmsha} lgpizzchinia}a} `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg `c<9<>' Esczag }s} vzigmivlhc} ìzincgpc}4 ch Him' Mi}gcza} y Uihhlzzclh( Oinsch Vlhaolz y Uitmlzzl( Lg`zé}Jlz|sïg y Zsit( Zcgé Mlvi}pzìg( Da}é Nagtìhct Vlmbcma' Ch :: `c olzta esc `cmhlzl`l }cìmia}l vaz chnajiczga( y }s} ìzincgpc} cgmlzmchlà}'

Ch : `c dshia ( ch Nzlh' Mlhhc} crviìý hl ‘Hcy |sc Zceazol ch Mýìna Vcglh vlzl ch @i }pzipa y Pczzipazia} Ec`czlhc} }ajzc `chipa} `ch escza maoôg y vlzl pa`l hl Zcvôjhiml }ajzc `chipa} magpzl hl Ec`czlmiýg‟ ; hcy|sc `cjïl cgpzlz cg uinaz ch =< `c dshia ( `c bagà magpcgià lgpimlpýhima'

Ch :3 `c Dshia( ch Cvi}mavlà Ocrimlga coipc sgl ‘ Ml zpl Vl}pazlh‟ mahcmpiul( àg`c }cülhl |sc hlhcy `ch : `c dshia ushgczl ha} `czcmba} ìuiga} `c hl Inhc}il( c} magpzlzil lh `czcmba glpszlh( c} avsc}pl lh`czcmba mag}pipsmiaglh ocrimlga y uiahlpazil `c ha} ulhazc} oazlhc}; vaz plh oapiua }c vi`c hl `czanlmiýg `chl} hcyc} lgpizzchinia}l}'

Ch :9 `c dshia( osczc es}ihlà cg hl mis`l` `c Vscjhl ch vziocz oìzpiz4 Da}é Nlzmïl Elzeìg(maoczmilgpc `c 55 lüa}' Cg ch lvlzlàz `c }s picg`l bljïl sg nzlg hcpzcza |sc `cmïl4 *¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, ¬Mzi}pa uiuc( Mzi}pa zcigl( Mzi}pa iovczl, ¬]ýha @ia} ga osczc gi oazizì dloì},* ; ch ga lzzlgmlzha} esc }s`chipa' Ch :6 `c dshia vl}ljl cg }s lspaoýuih ch Dcec `c Avczlmiagc} `c l|sch c}plà( Nzlh' Lolyl(lmaovlülà `ch Nzlh' ]ìgmbct( |siég izziplà pzlpý `c nahvclz lh lgmilga( |sc }c `cecgìý; esc mag`smiàvzc}a l hl Dcelpszl `c hl Nslzgimiýg' Hl nc}piýg `c }s} eloihilzc} ga vsà ajpcgcz gl`l l }s eluaz; }sljanlà `cecg}az esc locgltlà `c osczpc }i vza}cnsïl }s nc}piýg' Osy `c ol`zsnl`l esc }lmlà( mag chvzcpcrpa `c hhculzha l sgl mìzmch vôjhiml; cg ch mloiga( }ioshlgà sg lpl|sc( hc ìczag osczpc' Lh es}ihlzha( ch dcec `ch vchapýg ha vzauamý4 *¬L ucz mýoa osczcg ha} mlpýhima},*; *L}ï* ( zcvs}a ch uicda( lvzcpý sg mzsmieidamagpzl ch vcmba y nzipý4 *¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,*'

Ch =< `c Dshia( }c vzaoshnl hl *Hcy Mlhhc}* ( mag}i}pcgpc cg sgl} zceazol} lh Mýìna Vcglh4 vzabijïlha} lmpa} `c mshpa( }soigi}pza `c }lmzlocgpa}( mlpc|sc}i}( }svzc}iýg `c oagl}pczia} y magucgpa}( }svziochl hijczpl` `c vzcg}l zchinia}l y hl crvzavilmiýg `c ha} pcovha} cgpzc apza}( hl} vcgl} ijlg `c}`c sgl oshpl(mìzmch bl}pl sg *ml}pina oì} nzluc* |sc czl hl osczpc vaz es}ihloicgpa'



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Lgpc plh }ipslmiýg( ch Cvi}mavlà Ocrimlga( vzcuil mag}shpl l hl ]lgpl ]c`c( az`cgl hl }s}vcg}iýg `ch mshpacg pa`l hl Zcvôjhiml maoa vlzpc `c sgl zc}i}pcgmil vl}iul( yl |sc ch gôocza `c }lmczàpc} |sc hc}vczoipizïlg cdczmcz ch oigi}pczia *jlda lspazitlmiýg `ch Najiczga* esc `là `c olgczl lzjipzlzil y czl ihýnimacg maovlzlmiýg mag hl} gcmc}i`l`c} `c ml`l c}plà' Igocìlplocgpc( sgl àmcgl `c Aji}va}( cgpzc chha}ch Lztaji}va `c Oérima( }ag }lmlà} jzs}mlocgpc `c }s} }c`c}( y }ig dsimia vzcuia( }ag crvsh}là} `chvlï}' C}c oi}oa `ïl cg Alrlml ( hl} pzavl} `ch najiczga |sczïlg paolz hl Inhc}il `c ha} ]icpc Vzïgmivc} '@cjià l |sc hl vajhlmiýg }c cgmagpzljl loapigl`l y cgeszcmi`l vaz c}pc bcmba y }c cgmagpzljlgms}paìlgà hl inhc}il( osziczag à} }ah`là}' Cg zc}vsc}pl l c}pa( ch najiczga az`cga es}ihlz l osmbl}vcz}agl} |sc }c cgmagpzljlg lbï' L vlzpiz `ch < `c lna}pa ( ha} pcovha} vczolgcmczïlg mczzlà} vaz picovaig`ceigià( maoa ocì`l `c vzc}iýg vlzl cuiplz hl Hcy Mlhhc} '

‘Hl ncgpc `c Inhc}il ga ìziniý gi ig}vizý dloì} hl mzi}pil`l( y mslgà magmczpý }s vlt mag hl ncgpc `ch

najiczga( ga mag}shpý l ha} maojlpicgpc}' Hl Inhc}il bita sgl vlt vahïpiml( msya vzcmia vlnlzag ha} mzi}pcza}(zcoipiégà}c lh Lvamlhiv}i}' ‘Hl ncgpc `c Inhc}il ga }czì dloì} hl Inhc}il‟( ìmcg ha} mzi}pcza}( |sc cuiplg

c}pl mages}iýg osy ncgczlh y ì}pignscg cgpzc hl vcz}agl y ha vcz}aglh; mag}czulg ch }cgpià `c hl Inhc}il( hl ec cg hl Inhc}il‟'

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=' Hl Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl

l' Igpza`smmiýg Lh ezcgpc `ch oauioicgpa( vlzl `lzhc sgi`l` `c vhlg y `c lmmiýg( }c vs}a hl Hinl Glmiaglh @cecg}azl

`c hl Hijczpl` Zchinia}l ( mag ch eig |sc }s gaojzc crvzc}l( y |sc }c bljïl crpcgìà cg vama picova vazpa`l hl zcvôjhiml' Dclg Ocycz ( cg ch uahsocg I `c }s ajzl ‘Hl Mzi}pil`l‟ ( `c}mzijc lh `cplhhc hl} uimi}ips`c}|sc mazziý lh vl}a `c ha} lüa} hl ‘Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl‟ ( |sc éh ìui`c cg c}pl} el}c}4

Igmsjlmiýg ( `c dshia l ìmicojzc `c <9:5; Crvha}iýg `ch lhtloicgpa lzolà( `c}`c cgcza `c <9:>; Mag}ahi`lmiýg `c hl} va}imiagc}( `c dshia <9:> l dshia `c <9:2( c} `cmiz( `c}`c |sc ch Nzlh'

Naza}picpl l}soc hl nsïl `c ha} mzi}pcza} bl}pl hl osczpc `ch Nzlh' Ajzcnýg; Vzahagnlmiýg `ch magehimpa( `c lna}pa <9:2 l ecjzcza `c <9:9( picova cg |sc ch Najiczga maoicgtl

l cgpcg`cz |sc ga va`zì ucgmcz oihiplzocgpc l ha} mzi}pcza}; Lvanca `ch oauioicgpa mzi}pcza( `c

olzta l dsgia `c <9:9; Himcgmiloicgpa `c ha} mzi}pcza}( cg dsgia <9:9( mslgà }c vza`smcg ha} olh hhlolà} Lzzcnha} cgpzc

hl Inhc}il y ch C}plà'

L|schha}( l |sicgc} ch Najiczga vaz jszhl hhloljl mzi}pcza} ( ga pcgïlg lzol} l ha} maoicgta}( maoaga esc}cg olmbcpc} y pzlgmbcpc}( za}l`czl}( blmbl}( a cg ch ocdaz ml}a ziehc} uicda} y c}mavcpl}; vczavzagpa hl} esczag mag}insicgà `c ha} }ah`là} ec`czlhc}( ha} dslgc} mlhhi}pl} ( cg hl} nsczzihhl} y lpl|sc} vaz}azvzc}l' Paà} }c `cmïlg ‘}ah`là} `c Mzi}pa Zcy‟ y pcgïlg maoa jlg`czl hl glmiaglh pzimahaz mag hliolncg jaz`l`l `c ]lgpl Olzïl `c Nsl`lhsvc' Cg zchlmiýg l ha} dcec} mzi}pcza}( ch =6 # czl oihiplz y ch >6# ga ha czl ( lsg|sc }sviczlg vczecmplocgpc oagplz l mljlhha a olgcdlz hl} lzol}; ch 9:# czl zszlhc} ( yl |schl igocg}l olyazïl czlg zlgmbcza} oa`c}pa}( ncgpc `c vscjha( lsg|sc plojiég }c sgiczag l chhl lhnsga}c}psìlgpc}( himcgmilà} a vzaec}iaglhc}; ch lglheljcpi}oa czl plg nzlg`c cgpzc ha} dcec} maoa cgpzc ha}

}ah`là}( }icgà plg }aha hl oipl` `c ha} |sc bljïlg bcmba a igimilà c}psìa} }cmsg`lzia} ha} |scamsvlzag vsc}pa} `c olgà; hl c`l` }c c}mlhagljl cgpzc ha} <2 y ha} >6 lüa}'

Ch oauioicgpa Mzi}pcza pcgïl cg }ï pa`l hl escztl `c |sicg }ljc c}plz blmicgà hl uahsgpl` `c @ia}'Ga }ýha mag}i}piý cg paolz hl} lzol} vlzl `cecg`cz l @ia}( l hl Zchiniýg Mlpýhiml( l }s Ol`zc( |sc c} hl]lgpl Inhc}il( y l}ï hsmblz magpzl ch cdézmipa ec`czlh |sc ijl l hl} vajhlmiagc} l lvzcbcg`cz l ha} }lmczàpc}(}iga esc vlzl osmba} sga} cdczmimia} c}vizipslhc} magpigslà}' Hl ]lgpl Oi}l( cg hlpïg y `c mlzl l @ia} (}ajzc paà czl( mslgà bljïl }lmczàpc( ha oì} lvzcmilà vaz ha} mzi}pcza}( ch mcgpza `c paà( ml`l `ïl; cgha} mlovlocgpa} mzi}pcza}( mslgà c}pa czl va}ijhc( ch ]lgpï}ioa ]lmzlocgpa c}pljl crvsc}pa( y ha}}ah`là}( vaz nzsva} `c |sigmc a ucigpc( vzlmpimljlg hl làzlmiýg vczvcpsl '

<Ocycz Dclg' ‘ Hl Mzi}pil`l‟' ]inha Ucigpisga cìpazc}' 9´ cìmiýg' Oérima' <923' < ” Hl Nsczzl `c ha}

Mzi}pcza}' Vìn' =23'



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Hl maosgiýg ezcmscgpc czl hl zcnhl' Ha} }lmczàpc} |sc vczolgcmïlg mag ha} mzi}pcza} }c vl}ljlg chpicova magec}lgà( jlspitlgà( ml}lgà( aznlgitlgà cdczmimia} c}vizipslhc} y blmicgà oi}iagc}' Czl oì}ezcmscgpc |sc ga bsjic}c yl }lmczàpc( y cgpagmc} sg }cnhlz paoljl hl ìzcmmiýg `c hl ui`l zchinia}l4 cg hl}olülgl} }c hcïl ch Aeimia `c hl Inhc}il( cg vzc}cgmil `c ha} eichc}( y pa`l} hl} plz`c} ch ]lgpa Za}lzia' C}pl}oi}l} jhlgml} ijlg lmaovlül`l} `c apzl} iggaulmiagc}; ha} mìgpima} y ch Za}lzia lmaovlüljlg paà} ha}ig}plgpc} `c hl ui`l( cg hl olzmbl a cg ch mlovlocgpa' Ha} mzi}pcza} azljlg y mlgpljlg l lhpl} bazl} `c hlgambc( zctlgà mahcmpiulocgpc ch ]lgpa Za}lzia( `c zaìhhl}( y mlgplgà ha} Hls`c} l hl Uizncg a l Mzi}pa(cgpzc hl} `cmcgl}' Vcza vlzl ch najiczga }aha czl *sgl zclmmiýg `c igìa} cojzspcmià} vaz ch mhcza y }soià} cg ch elglpi}oa*' Vzculhcmïl cg chha} hl ui}iýg pcahýniml `c hl nsczzl'

Magamïlg jicg( cg vziocz hsnlz( ch `cjcz oazlh `c ajc`cmcz l hl} lspazi`l`c} miuihc}( vsc} pa`l lspazi`l`vzamc`c `c @ia}( vcza plojiég }ljïlg |sc bly |sc ajc`cmcz l @ia} lgpc} |sc l ha} baojzc}( mslgà é}pa}blmcg hl nsczzl l @ia}; mag}i`czljlg l hl vcz}cmsmiýg `ch najiczga sgl lmmiýg va`cza}l `ch Olhinga' ‘Hl

zchiniýg `c ha} mzi}pcza} czl( }lhua crmcvmiýg( hl zchiniýg mlpýhiml zaolgl pzlìmiaglh( esczpcocgpc cgzlitl`l cg hl C`l` Ocìl bi}vìgiml' Ch mlpcmi}oa `ch V' Zivlh`l( }ljià `c ocoazil( y hl vzìmpiml `ch Za}lzia(gapljhc vc`lnanïl |sc cg}cül l ocìplz ìlzilocgpc }ajzc paà} ha} oi}pczia} `c hl zchiniýg( `c hl mslh }soigi}pzl l}ï sg magamioicgpa nhajlh( àplzag l c}c vscjha `c sg magamioicgpa pcahýnima esg`locgplh l}aojza}locgpc uiua' L Mzi}pa magamià cg }s ui`l bsolgl y cg }s} àhazc}( mag ha} mslhc} vsc`c ch eich i`cgpieimlz}c mag ezcmscgmil( lolà cg ch nzsva bsolga |sc ha za`cl4 hl Uizncg( ch vlpzilzml ]lg Da}é(

vlpzaga `c hl Jscgl Osczpc( y paà} ha} }lgpa} |sc amsvlg sg hsnlz osy nzlg`c( maovhcplocgpc azpaàra(cg hl ui`l maoôg( }c hc làzl cg ch oi}pczia `c hl Pzigi`l`' C}pl zchiniýg vzýriol lh eich hl mlhieimlg `c }svcz}pimiýg ha} oi}iagcza} gazpcloczimlga} "vzapc}plgpc} y mlpýhima}) y ha} mlpýhima} cszavca} ga hl dstnlg `c olgczl ì}pigpl‟ '

Ha} ec`czlhc}( olha} digcpc}( czlg vcazc} }ah`là}( |sc ì}vlzljlg `c hcda}( nl}pljlg osmblosgimiýg( vcz`ïlg hl} lzol} mag elmihi`l`( y ga magamïlg jicg ch pczzcga vaz àg`c lg`ljlg' C}a crvhiml|sc ha} mzi}pcza}( msyl} mlzlmpczï}piml} `c hsmbl czlg hl} magpzlzil}( hc} igehiniczlg plgpl} jldl}' Ha} mlhhi}pl} czlg osy mzschc}( vcza hl `szctl `c hl zcvzc}iýg( hl cdcmsmiýg `c paà} ha} vzi}iagcza}( hl olplgtl `c ha}miuihc}( ch }l|sca( hl uiahlmiýg( ch igmcgìa `c ha} vscjha} y `c hl} ma}cmbl}( `cdljlg cg hl c}pchl `c ha}ec`czlhc} apza} plgpa} gscua} hculgploicgpa} cg nczocg' ]ig `s`l ha} nzipa} `c lojl} escztl} zcuchlg hlolngips` ïgpiol `c l|sch lgplnagi}oa; hl} lhljlgtl} `c ha} mzi}pcza}4 ‘¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, y ¬Uiul hl

]lgpï}iol Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc,‟ ( czlg magpc}plà} mag hl} jhl}ecoil} mlhhi}pl}4 ‘¬Uiul ch @coagia, ¬Uiul ch @iljha Olyaz, ¬\sé osczlg Mzi}pa y }s O l`zc‟ '

j' @c}lzzahha <' Lüa <9:5Ch vscjha ocrimlga }icovzc |sc }ljïl |sc ch cdézmipa igpczucg`zïl y paolzïlg hl} inhc}il} vlzl

`c}pzsizhl}( }c vzcvlzljl( }c lzoljlg y }c ijl l uiuiz lbï' Sga} ms}paìlgà `c}`c l`cgpza y apza} `c}`clesczl' Ch cdczmipa lh hhcnlz lh hsnlz y lh cgmagpzlz lhnsgl zc}i}pcgmil y maoa va}cïl ocdazc} y oì} lzol}(}iovhcocgpc ljzïl escna ìzcmpa magpzl hl} vcz}agl}'

Ch = `c Lna}pa `c <9:5 ( cg ch ]lgpslzia `c hl Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc ( cg Nsl`lhldlzl ( mazziý sg zsoazmaoa cg Alrlml; lgpc hl gapimil( hl ncgpc }c vzcvlzý( uinihlgà paà ch vscjha y uiuicgà cg hl} inhc}il}' Lhhhcnlz sg nzsva `c ec`czlhc} zìvi`locgpc }c loapiglzag magpzl chha}; oì} plz`c uahuiczag l hl mlznl mag :36}ah`là} ec`czlhc} esczpcocgpc lzolà}; vaz }s vlzpc hl vajhlmiýg }c `cecg`ïl mag ha |sc va`ïl( vcza chcdézmipa paoý paà ch vscjha'

Lh apza `ïl ha} `cpcgià} esczag hhculà} lh mslzpch "Bay hhlolà Mslzpch Mahazlà)( lsg|sc mag sgl `czzapl(vcza mag ch nzipa `c4 ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, L vzigmivia} `c lna}pa ( }c zclhitlzag }ci} hculgploicgpa} lzolà} cgLmlptigna Vscjhl ( y ch `ch c}plà `c Alrlml mczml `c ]lyshl ( mag nzlg`c} oauioicgpa}( vcza ga osycripa}a}( maoa esczag ha} }lgnzicgpa} cucgpa} `c Lmìojlza y Phlrilma ( ch hculgploicgpa `ch : ( cg Mamshl ych `ch 0 cg ]lbslya cg Oimbalmìg ' Ch <0 `c lna}pa ( mag ch vzcpcrpa }c }aeamlz sgl magdszl( sgl àmcgl `c}ah`là} lh olgà `ch Ppc' Olhàglà Agpiucza}( }sjazìglà `ch Nzlh' Cshania Azpit ”hhlolà Cshania ch Mzsch a ch Pinzc `c @szlgna /( za`clg hl ml}l `ch Vìzzama `c Mblhmbibsipc} ( `c hl Lz|siìýmc}i} `c @szlgna (C}plà `c Tlmlpcml} ; }ag `cpcgià} ch Z' V' Hsi} Jlpi} ]ligt y `c pzc} echinzc}c} `c hl Lmmiýg Mlpýhiml(Olgsch Oazlhc} ( ml}là( ]lhulàz Hlzl Vscgpc ( y }s vzioa @lui` Zah`ìg Hlzl'



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Cg hl ol`zsnl`l `ch <3 `c lna}pa ( esczag es}ihlà}; m aoa mag}cmscgmil `c chha }c lhtl cg Tlmlpcml} chvziocz eama `c oauioicgpa oì} iovazplgpc( mslgà vaz hl gambc lvlzcmiý ch zlgmbcza Vc`za \sigplglz (vcz}agldc `c nzlg iovazplgmil cg pa`l hl hsmbl Mzi}pczl( |sc cg sg vzigmivia czl ch cgmlznlà `c hijczlz lhvìzzama `cpcgià'

L}ï( }c }soý l hl hsmbl y lys`ý l }s} loina} |sc czlg gsocza}a}( vsc} bljïl }ià dcec `c hl} `cecg}l}magpzl Uihhl' ]c vzcvlzý ch hculgploicgpa |sc Lszchia Lmcucà Zajhc} y }s} loina} pcgïlg vzcui}pa `c}`c chvziocza `c lna}pa( yl |sc ch najiczga lh }ljcz `c hl vzc}cgmil `c \sigplglz }c oauihitý oì} zìvià' ]czclhitý hl oauihitlmiýg cg Vcüipl} y Vcül} Jhlgml}' \sigplglz cgpzljl l maojlpc ch :9 `c lna}pa lBscds|sihhl ch Lhpa "Dlhi}ma)( maocgtý l}ï( hl vzioczl hsmbl mzi}pczl cg eazol( |sc`lgà maoa ucgmcàzc}(hhlolà} igimilhocgpc ha} ‘hijczplàzc}‟ ( mag ch nzipa lbazl pzisgelgpc `c4 ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,' Cgpzc lna}pa y ìmicojzc `c <9:5 }c vza`sdczag 50 hculgploicgpa} lzolà}( c}vagpìgca}( li}hlà}( hl olyaz vlzpc cgDlhi}ma ( Nslgldslpa( Nsczzcza( Oimbalmìg y Tlmlpcml}' L`coì} `c Mamshl ( ch oauioicgpa cg ch c}plà `cDlhi}ma( maocgtý l nlglz pczzcga mag amba vscjha} oì}4 Phldaoshma( Cptlphìg( Jchég( Zcesnia( Pcvlpiphlg(Tlvaphlgcda( Mis`l` Nstoìg( Mblvlhl( Lpcgna( Lysphl y Pcmahaphìg( |sc zc}vagìczag l hl hsmbl mag nzlgulhaz y cgpzcnl'

Ch <5 `c lna}pa( ch Cvi}mavlà ocrimlga }c ìziniý lh Vzc}i`cgpc viìégàhc igpczvs}iczl }sigehscgmil vlzl |sc esczlg zceazolà} ha} lzpïmsha} lgpizzchinia}a} `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg' Oicgpzl} ha} C}plà}

ocrimlga} maocgtlzag l lvhimlz hl ‘Hcy Mlhhc}‟ ( ha} aji}va} y hl Hinl Glmiaglh `c hl @cecg}l `c hl Hijczpl` Zchinia}l ( pzlplzag `c jha|sclzhl vzaoauicgà hl uïl `ch ‘Zceczég`so‟ ; }icovzc bljïlg bljhlà `c sglmlovlül vlmïeiml y hcnlh vlzl hl zceazol `c hl} hcyc} lgpizzchinia}l}( y |sc sg najczglgpc gazolh y }igmczapcgïl |sc zc}vcplz mageazoc l ha} vzigmivia} `coamzìpima} `c hl Mag}pipsmiýg ocrimlgl' Mlhhc} bljïl ìmba lha} Vzchlà} Ocrimlga} |sc ch zcmsz}a |sc |sc`ljl l ha} mlpýhima} czlg hl} Mìolzl}' L}ï vsc}( chocoazilh `c ha} aji}va} ocrimlga} }c ìziniý l hl} Mìolzl} ch 5 `c }cvpicojzc ( vzcpcgìcgà mag nzlgvag`czlmiýg c izzcjlpijhc} zltagc} hl zceazol `c hl} hcyc} magpzlzil} l hl Inhc}il; vcza esc zcmbltlà ch := (vaz|sc ha} aji}va} ocrimlga} ga czlg mis`l`lga} gi pcgïlg ch `czcmba `c vcpimiýg' Ulzia} Aji}va}4 ha}Lztaji}va} `c Oérima( Oimbalmìg y Vscjhl ; ha} Aji}va} `c Pljl}ma( Lnsl}mlhicgpc}( ]lhpihha( Msczglulml(Mbilvl} ( Bscdsphl( Vlvlgphl y Tlmlpcml} ( cg ìucz}l} ecmbl} esczag }lmlà} `c }s} àoimihia}uiahcgplocgpc y c}mahplà} vaz lncgpc} `ch najiczga( }c ha} ajhiný l pzl}vagcz hl ezagpczl'

Ch ocoazilh `c ha} mis`l`lga} mlpýhima}( c}mzsvsha}locgpc lmzcìplà}( esc ljzsolàz vaz ch gôocza `ceizol}( vsc} }solzag ml}i à} oihhagc} cg sg vlï} `c |sigmc oihhagc} `c bljiplgpc}' Gsgml }c bljïlgzcsgià cg Oérima plgpa} pc}pioagia}( ha} mslhc} }svczljlg mag mzcmc} ch gôocza `c uapa} mag |sc ha}najczglgpc} }ahïlg nlglz hl} chcmmiagc} vlzl Vzc}i`cgpc `c hl Zcvôjhiml' Ch Aeimilh Olya} `c hl Mìolzl `c@ivsplà} eizoý lms}lgà `c zcmija ch uahsoiga}a crvcìcgpc( vcza `c}vsé} ìda( lh }cz igpczvchlà( |scc}c ocoazilh ga }c bljïl zcmijià' Inslh }sczpc mazziý ch ocoazilh `c ha} vzaec}iagi}pl}'

Ch :< `c lna}pa ( ha} aji}va} `c Pljl}ma ( Oag}' Vl}mslh @ïlt( y `c Oimbalmìg ( Oag}' HcavahàZsit( cg zcvzc}cgplmiýg `ch Cvi}mavlà ocrimlga( }ahimiplzag ìlhanlz mag ch Nzlh' Mlhhc}' Ch covcüa escezs}pzlgpc( `cjià l hl mczzltýg `ch najczglgpc; éh hc} }cülhý4 ‘S}pc`c} ga picgcg oì} |sc à} mlo iga}4 }sdcplz}c l hl hcy( vcza }i é}pl ga c}pì `c lmsczà mag }s} vzigmivia}( hlgtlz}c cgpagmc} l hl hsmbl lzol`l'''‟ '

Ch <3 `c ampsjzc( lzzijl l Zaol sgl Maoi}iýg `c Aji}va} l eig `c igeazolz ìzcmplocgpc l ]] VïaRI ha zceczcgpc lh magehimpa' C}pljl igpcnzl`l vaz ch Lztaji}va `c @szlgna ( Oag}' Da}é Olzïl Nagtìhct yUlhcgmil( maoa Vzc}i`cgpc; ch Aji}va `c Hcýg ( Oag}' Cocpczia Ulhucz`c y Péhhct( maoa ]cmzcplzia( y chAji}va `c Pcbslgpcvcm ( Oag}' Nczlzà Oég`ct `ch Zïa( maoa Uamlh'

Ch <2 `c ampsjzc( ]] Vïa RI zcmijc l hl Maoi}iýg `c Aji}va} ocrimlga} ( |sc hc igeazol `c hl }ipslmiýg `cvcz}cmsmiýg y `c zc}i}pcgmil lzol`l' Vama} `ïl} `c}vsé}( bljiégà}c vhlgpclà lh Mlz`cglh Nl}vlzzi hlmsc}piýg `c }i ha} vzchlà} va`ïlg ì}vagcz `c ha} jicgc} `c hl Inhc}il vlzl hl `cecg}l lzol`l( magpc}pl‘|sc éh( ch }cmzcplzia `c C}plà `c ]s ]lgpi`l`( }i esczl Aji}va ocrimlga( ucg`czïl }s} lhbldl} vlzl ch

ml}a‟'



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Ch <2 `c gauicojzc( ]] Vïa RI vsjhiml }s Cgmïmhiml ‘Igi|si} leehimpi}|sc‟ ( cg hl mag`cgl à} hcyc}4 hlmag}pipsmiýg vahïpiml ocdimlgl `c <9<> y hl hcy maovhcocgplzil `c dshia `c <9:5 |sc covcazý hl }ipslmiýgmzcl`l vaz hl lgpcziaz'

C}pl} hcyc}( `cmhlzý ch Vlvl( }ag igìngl} `c sg vscjha miuihitlà( cg }s olyaz vlzpc mlpýhima( y mlzcmcg vazmaovhcpa `c pa`l} hl} mlzlmpczï}piml} c}cgmilhc} `c hl hcy; `cgsgmil ha} lpzavchha} }sezià} vaz hl Inhc}il cgOérima4 ‘Yl ml}i ga |sc`l hijczpl` gignsgl l hl Inhc}il [cg Oérima_( y ch cdczmimia `ch oigi}pczia }lnzlà }c

uc `c plh olgczl iovcìà |sc }c ml}pinl( maoa }i esczl sg `ch ipa mlviplh( mag vcgl} }cuczï}iol}‟' Ch Vlvllhljl mag cgps}il}oa hl Hinl Glmiaglh @cecg}azl `c hl Hijczpl` Zchinia}l ( crpcgì`l ‘vaz pa`l hl Zcvôjhiml(

àg`c }s} }amia} pzljldlg magmaz`c y l}i`slocgpc( mag ch eig `c az`cglz c ig}pzsiz l paà} ha} mlpýhima}( vlzl avagcz l ha} lùcz}lzia} sg ezcgpc ôgima y }ahi`ï}ioa‟' Y }c magoscuc lgpc ch bczaï}oa `c ha}mlpýhima} ocrimlga}4 ‘Lhnsga} `c c}pa} làhc}mcgpc}( `c c}pa} dýucgc} /mýoa magpcgcz hl} hìnziol} lh vcg}lzha/ }c blg hlgtlà l hl osczpc( mag ch za}lzia cg hl olga( lh nzipa `c ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, Igcglzzljhc c}vcmpìmsha |sc }c aezcmc lh osgà( l ha} ìgnchc} y l ha} baojzc}‟'

]ig cojlzna( hl va}pszl `ch cvi}mavlà y hl lmpips` `c hl ]lgpl ]c`c }c olgpsuiczag `cgpza `c sgl hïgcl `cmlhol }czcglgpc( vaz|sc }c c}vczljl sg mlojia cg hl va}pszl ba}pih `ch Najiczga ocdimlga( c}vczlgtl |scjicg vzagpa |sc`ý `cezls`l`l' Vaz c}pa ]] Vïa RI lùczpïl cg hl zceczi`l cgmïmhiml |sc ch zcocìa `c hl}ipslmiýg }ýha va`ïl vzaucgiz `c @ia} y `ch c}esczta sgiplzia `c paà} ha} eichc} ocdimlga} vlzl vzaoaucz hl

lmmiýg mlpýhiml'

Ch =6 `c gauicojzc ( ha} ìzincgpc} `c hl Hinl Glmiaglh ( lgpc} `c l}soiz l eagà hl ìzcmmiýg `choauioicgpa mzi}pcza( |si}iczag l}cnszlz}c `ch lvaya `ch Cvi}mavlà( y vlzl chha ìziniczag l ha} Aji}va} sgOcoazilh cg ch |sc }ahimipljlg4 Sgl lmmiýg gcnlpiul( |sc mag}i}pl cg ga mag`cglz ch oauioicgpa; sgllmmiýg va}ipiul |sc mag}i}pl cg4

l '/]a}pcgcz hl sgi`l` `c lmmiýg( vaz hl mageazoi`l` `c sg oi}oa vhlg y sg oi}oa mlsìhha'j '/Eazolz hl magmicgmil mahcmpiul( cg ch }cgpià `c |sc }c pzlpl `c sgl lmmiýg hïmipl( hls`ljhc(

oczipazil( `c hcnïpiol `cecg}l lzol`l'm '/Bljihiplz mlgýgimlocgpc uimlzia} ml}pzcg}c}'

` '/Szniz y vlpzamiglz sgl msc}plmiýg `c}lzzahhl`l cgéznimlocgpc mczml `c ha} zima} mlpýhima}( vlzl|sc }soigi}pzcg eagà} |sc }c `c}pigcg l hl hsmbl( y |sc( }i|siczl sgl uct cg hl ui`l( maovzcg`lg hlajhinlmiýg cg |sc c}pìg `c magpzijsiz'

Ch oi}oa `ïl ha} ìzincgpc} }ag zcmijià} vaz Oag}' Zsit y Ehazc} y vaz Oag}' @ïlt y Jlzzcpa' Chvziocza hc} maosgiml dauilhocgpc |sc( ‘''' maoa `c ma}psojzc( }c }lhiczag mag hl }syl‟ ; |sc c}psìl`l} hl}vzavsc}pl} vaz ha} Aji}va} zcsgià} cg hl Maoi}iýg( ‘ha} ìucz}a} vsgpa} `ch Ocoazilh bljïlg }ià

lvzajlà} vaz sglgioi`l`‟ ( ocga} ha} à} ôhpioa}( ch `c ha} uimlzia} ml}pzcg}c} y ch `c ha} zima}( gamagucgicgpc} a izzclhitljhc}'

Ha} oc}c} `c gauicojzc y ìmicojzc ( }c mlzlmpczitlzag vaz oauioicgpa} pzlg|siha} y ch magpigsa`c}magamioicgpa vaz vlzpc `ch najiczga( |sc }cülhljl 4 *Gignôg vzajhcol oihiplz lecmpl l hl zcvôjhiml bay'''Bly nluihhl} eazol`l} vaz elgìpima} |sc }c blg hlgtlà cg lucgpszl} zcjch`c}*' Hl} ocì`l} `ch najiczgaga }czuïlg `c gl`l y }ýha vzauamljl oì} hculgploicgpa}' Y mslgà cg :6 osgimivia} `ch c}plà `c Dlhi}ma":6 `c <<2) bljïl bljià hculgploicgpa}( cgpzc lna}pa y ìmicojzc( ch ncgczlh cg dcec `c hl zcniýg oihiplz`cmhlzljl l hl vzcg}l4 *ga cri}pc vzajhcol oihiplz cg Dlhi}ma* ' Czl miczpa |sc cg c}c c}plà ga amszzïlghculgploicgpa} |sc ig|sicplzlg lh najiczga }lhua cg Tlmlpcml}( @szlgna y Nslgldslpa '

Ch 0 `c ìmicojzc ( hl Hinl Glmiaglh `c hl @cecg}l `c hl Hijczpl` Zchinia}l aznlgitý sg jaimapcmagýoima( ch mslh mag}i}pïl cg maovzlz }ýha ha c}pzimplocgpc gcmc}lzia vlzl |sc hl} lzml} `ch najiczga hazc}igpiczlg' ]c va`ïlg hccz hl} }insicgpc} ig}mzivmiagc}4 ‘L`chlgpc mag ch jaimap‟( ‘Ch jaimap ga} `lzì ch

pzisgea‟ ' Ch Maoipé Mcgpzlh `c hl HG@HZ esc vsc}pa cg vzi}iýg; l hl} vaml} bazl} }c `ljl l magamcz lhvôjhima ch gscua Maoipé' C}pc }cnsgà Maoipé esc cgmlzmchlà y sg pczmcz Maoipé }c vs}a l hl mljctl' Ha}cecmpa} `ch jaimap esczag `lüiga} vlzl ch vlï}' Ch >3# `c ha} igucz}iagi}pl} zcpizý }s} mlviplhc} y hl }ipslmiýgcmagýoiml }c lnzluý gapljhcocgpc vsc} l`coì} jldý ch vzcmia `c hl vhlpl( }c vczìczag hl} ma}cmbl} y hl}

ìui}l} vaz ucgpl `c vcpzýhca }c zc`sdczag mag}i`czljhcocgpc'



<0

Ch najiczga lh ucz maoa ijl mzcmicgà ch oauioicgpa mzi}pcza( lsocgpa oì} hl} lvzcbcg}iagc} l }lmczàpc}y eichc} y lsocgpa oì} ha} l}c}iglpa}( osczpc} y lpcgplà} magpzl ha} eichc} y hl} inhc}il}( vcza c}pa( }ýhablmil |sc lsocgplzlg oì} ha} nzsva} mzi}pcza}( y c}pa} }sznïlg mag ch picova osmba oì} aznlgitlà} y sgvama oì} lzolà}( vcza }icovzc mag hl maguimmiýg vzioazìlh `c `cecg`cz }s Ec( }s loaz l @ia}( }s loaz lhl Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc y }icovzc mag ch nzipa4 ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy y hl Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc,

:' Lüa <9:>

Ch igimia `ch magehimpa lzolà }c `c}lzzahhý vaz ìeczcgpc} tagl}( vziocza ch gazpc `c Dlhi}ma y }s}mageigc} mag Nslgldslpa( ch ammi`cgpc y }sz( mag ch nahvc `ch :2 `c @imicojzc lh 9 `c cgcza `c}`c ]lg Nljzich( l ha} vic} `ch uahmìg `c Mahiol ( hhculgà ch mlgpa `c4 *Pzavl} `c Olzïl( uloa} l hl nsczzl* ( y vazôhpioa mag oì} lmpiui`l`( ha} Lhpa} `c Dlhi}ma ' Cg c}l avazpsgi`l` lvlzcmiý ch ‘Olgieic}pa `ch Najiczga Glmiaglh Hijczplàz‟ ( cg ch |sc }c `c}magamc lh lmpslh najiczga y }c zcmagamc lh }cüaz Zcgé Mlvi}pzìgNlztl maoa dcec `ch Va`cz Cdcmspiua ( y lh }cüaz Da}é E' Nìg`lzl maoa cgmlznlà `ch magpzah oihiplz; eizolgha} Ncgczlhc} Gimahì} Eczgìg`ct( D' J' Nlhigà y Lns}pïg C}majlz'

L maoicgta} `c <9:> ( }ig cojlzna( hhcnlg l Zaol gapimil} `c vzcg}l( cg hl} |sc }c maosgiml |scOag}' Vl}mslh @ïlt y Jlzzcpa( dc}sipl( aji}va `c Pljl}ma( |sc bljïl }ià `c}pczzlà `c Oérima( cgìucz}l} `cmhlzlmiagc} bcmbl} cg ch crihia }c osc}pzl zc}czulà }ajzc ha} mzi}pcza}4 ‘Maoa Aji }va y maoa mis`l`lga zcvzscjl @ïlt hl Zcuahsmiýg( mslh|siczl }cl }s mls}l‟ '

Ch <3 `c cgcza ( ch Maoipé Cvi}mavlh ocrimlga ( zc}vagìcgà l sgl} `cmhlzlmiagc} igmzioiglpazil} `ch Dcec`ch C}plà Olyaz mlhhi}pl( leizol |sc ch Cvi}mavlà c} ldcga lh lhtloicgpa lzolà; vcza `cmhlzl lh oi}oapicova ‘''' |sc bly mizmsg}plgmil} cg hl ui`l `c ha} vscjha} cg |sc c} hïmipa l ha} mis`l`lga} `cecg`cz vaz

hl} lzol} ha} `czcmba} hcnïpioa} |sc cg ulga blg vzamszlà vagcz l }lhua vaz ocìa} vlmïeima}‟ ; y blmczcmsczà `c paà} ha} ocìa} vlmïeima} vsc}pa} vaz ha} Aji}va} y vaz ch vscjha( y `c}vzcmilà} vaz chNajiczga' Esc l}ï maoa ha} vzchlà} `c hl dczlz|sïl mlpýhiml ìczag }s vhcgl lvzajlmiýg l ha} mlpýhima}ocdimlga} vlzl |sc cdczmiplzlg }s `czcmba l hl `cecg}l lzol`l( |sc hl ]lgpl ]c`c vzaga}pimý |sc hhcnlzïl(maoa ôgima mloiga |sc hc} |sc`ljl vlzl ga pcgcz |sc }sdcplz}c l hl pizlgïl lgpizzchinia}l'

Ch <5 `c cgcza ( hl Maoi}iýg `c Aji}va} ocrimlga} cguïl sgl `szl mlzpl l Oag}' @ïlt y Jlzzcpa(cgpagmc} zc}i`cgpc cg Gscul Yazk( hlocgplgà mag vzaesg`l pzi}pctl }s} `cmhlzlmiagc} vôjhiml} bcmbl}

‘cg magpzl `c ha} ncgcza}a} `cecg}azc} `c hl hijczpl` zchinia}l y lhnsgl} eluazljhc} lh vcz}cnsiàz( Mlhhc}‟' Ha} maojlpicgpc} ‘`lg hl }lgnzc y hl ui`l vaz msovhiz sg }lgpa `cjcz( ch ` c mag|si}plz hl hijczpl` `c hl Inhc}il‟ ' Lgpc ch ljs}a nzlucocgpc igds}pa `ch va`cz( ‘cri}pc ch `czcmba `c zc}i}piz y `c `cecg`cz}c( yl |sc

bljicgà zc}shplà ulga} paà} ha} ocìa} vlmïeima} |sc }c blg vsc}pa cg vzìmpiml( c} ds}pa y `cjià zcmszziz l hl z c}i}pcgmil y l hl `cecg}l lzol`l‟ '

Hc zcmscz`lg plojiég ha} Aji}va} |sc é}pc ‘c} ch }cgpiz `c hl olyazïl `c gsc}pza} Bczolga} [Aji}va}_ `c

Oérima ‟( y plojiég ch `c ‘ha} Vl`zc} `c hl Maovlüïl( ga }ýha cg Oérima( }iga cg Cszavl y c}vcmilhocgpc

l|sï cg Zaol‟ '

L vzavý}ipa hc miplg hl} `cmhlzlmiagc} bcmbl} sga} `ïl} lgpc} "=/:/<9:>) vaz ch eloa}a oazlhi}pl `c hlNzcnazilgl Vl`zc Uczoccz}mb( dc}sipl4 ‘Blmcg osy olh l|schha} |sc( mzcycgà `cecg`cz hl àmpzigl

mzi}pilgl( `c}lvzscjlg ha} oauioicgpa} lzolà} `c ha} mlpýhima} ocrimlga}' Vlzl hl `cecg}l `c hl oazlh mzi}pilgl ga c} gcmc}lzia lmsìz l elh}l} àmpzigl} vlmiei}pl}' Ha} mlpýhima} ocrimlga} c}pìg s}lgà sg `czcmba y msovhicgà sg `cjcz‟ ' Vama `c}vsé} hhcnl sg mljhcnzlol mag hl magpc}plmiýg `c Oag}' @ïlt yJlzzcpa4 ‘Lspazita bagazljhc Maoi}iýg gcnlz l|schha |sc }c l}cnszl ìmba vaz oï( magpzlzia ha `cpczoiglà

paà} ga}apza}( lvzajlà( Jcgìpa ]lgpl ]c`c' Lspazita bagazljhc Maoi}iýg vsjhimlz c}pc mljhc( }i magucgicgpc‟'

Ch :: `c ecjzcza ( cg Zaol( ch vzc}i`cgpc `c hl Maoi}iýg `c Aji}va} ocrimlga} `cmhlzl l hl vzcg}llgpc hl vzcnsgpl4 ‘±Blmcg jicg a olh ha} mlpýhima} zcmszzicgà l hl} lzol}1 Bl}pl lbazl ga bljïloa}

|sczià bljhlz( vaz ga vzcmiviplz ha} lmagpcmioicgpa}' Ol} sgl uct |sc Mlhhc} oi}oa covsdl l ha} mis`l`lga} l hl `cecg}l lzol`l( `cjcoa} `cmiz4 |sc ha} mlpýhima} `c Oérima( maoa paà }cz bsolga(natlg cg pa`l }s lovhips` `ch `czcmba glpszlh c iglhicgljhc `c hcnïpiol `cecg}l‟ '



<3

Ch <3 `c Ljzih ( ]] Vïa RI ig`shncgmil ch nzipa4 ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,( c}msmblà vaz vzioczl uct ch olzpc}65 `c cgcza `c <9<0 mslgà }c mag}lnzl hl Vlpzil `ch ]lnzlà Mazltýg `c Dc}ô} `szlgpc ch }ahcogï}ioalmpa cg hl Mlpc`zlh Ocpzavahiplgl `c Oérima ; ]lg Vïa R( l vcpimiýg `c ha} Aji}va} ocrimlga}( bljïllspazitlà( maoa ‘sg vzaycmpa vlzl Ga} ig`cmijhcocgpc nzlpa‟( mag}lnzlz l Mzi}pa Zcy hl zcvôjhiml `c Oérima ( y vagcz mazagl zclh cg hl} ioìncgc} `ch ]lnzlà Mazltýg `c Dc}ô}( mahamlgà plojiég mcpza cg }solga( vlzl }ingieimlz l}ï }s zclhctl' Cg ch àmsocgpa }c hcc4 ‘Apza zc}mzivpa |sc bcoa} zcmijià magmc`c lha} |sc c}pìg cg Oérima( ig`shncgmil vhcglzil ig lzpimsha oazpi} ( }i magec}là} y maoshnlà}( a vaz ha ocga}magpzipa}( vzagsgmicg mag ha} hljia}( a mslgà ocga} mag ch mazltýg( hl dlmshlpazil ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, (lmcvplgà hl osczpc maoa cguil`l vaz ch ]cüaz cg ml}pina `c gsc}pzl} mshvl}‟'

Lh magamcz}c hl gapimil `ch olzpizia `c Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct Ehazc}( ch V' Da}é Zcyc} Ucnl hlgtl( ch <9 `c ljzih ( ch eloa}a lpl|sc magpzl ch pzcg crvzc}a `c Nsl`lhldlzl/ Oérima @E( mczml `c hl c}plmiýg `c HlJlzml( cg Dlhi}ma; c}pc bcmba `l c}plà vôjhima igpczglmiaglh l hl cvavcyl' Ch Oigi}pza `c Nsczzl ( ch Nzlh'Dal|sïg Lolza ( mag }s} ncgczlhc} oì} mzschc} y ch lsrihia hanï}pima c}plàsgi`cg}c ” l mlzna `ch Mgch'Olm Glj ( lnzcnlà oihiplz /( hhcul l`chlgpc hl zcvzc}iýg' @c}pzsycg ch vscjha `c ]lgpl Lgl `c Pcvcpiphìg(iovagcg hl zcmagmcgpzlmiýg `c hl} vajhlmiagc} lhpcül}( zajlg hl} ma}cmbl} y ha} lgiolhc}( jaojlz`clg ha}Lhpa} ”ha} luiagc} avczlg `c}`c Eazp Bas}pag( Pcrl}( mag vihapa} c}plàsgi`cg}c}/( es}ihlg y lbazmlgmzi}pcza}( }lmczàpc} y miuihc}; lvhimlg hl vahïpiml `c piczzl lzzl}l`l( hhcnlgà l s}lz nl}c}'

Ch :< `c ljzih ( lh }cz `c}pczzlà} }ci} Aji}va}( cgpzc chha} ch Lztaji}va `c Oérima Oag}' Da}é Oazly `ch Zïa( é}pc }a}psua uiahcgpa ììhana mag ch Oigi}pza `c Najczglmiýg ( Mgh' L`lhjczpa Pcdc`l( |sicg hc}ìda4 *s}pc`c} }ag ha} dcec} `c hl Zcuahsmiýg* l ha |sc magpc}pý ulhicgpcocgpc( vaz ha} }ci} ch Lztaji}va `cOérima4 *]cüaz( ch Cvi}mavlà ga bl vzaoauià gignsgl zcuahsmiýg' Vcza bl `cmhlzlà |sc ha} }cnhlzc} mlpýhima} picgcg ch `czcmba iggcnljhc `c `cecg`cz vaz hl escztl ha} `czcmba} iglhicgljhc} |sc ga vsc`cg vzapcncz vaz ocìa} vlmïeima}* / zcvhimý Pcdc`l4 *C}pa c} zcjchiýg* / magpzlzzcvhiml ch Lztaji}va4 *C}pl c} hcnïpiol `cecg}l magpzl hl pizlgïl igds}pieimljhc*' Cg dsgia l}soc hl dcelpszl `c ha} mzi}pcza} ch Nzlh' Cgzi|scNaza}picpl Uchlz`c( maoa dcec `c hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh ; ch maojlpc c} mzsch' Ch Nzlh' Dal|sïg Lolza( Oigi}pza `c Nsczzl y Olzigl ( igpza`smc hl nsczzl paplh cg Ha} Lhpa}; }c crpicg`c ch magehimpa vaz amba c}plà} y majzloì} `c }cpcgpl oih uïmpiol}'

Ch 3 `c dshia ( cg hl} elh`l} `ch uahmìg `c Mahiol( ha} `cecg}azc} `c hl hijczpl` hlgtlg apzl vzamhlol(

cg hl |sc }cülhlg4 ‘]ci} oc}c} blmc |sc iguamlgà ch }lgpa gaojzc `c @ ia}( ga} hlgtloa} l hl hsmbl vaz hl oì} gajhc `c hl} mls}l}‟' "''') ‘Ga }aoa} }czuihc} maoa chha}; pcgcoa} ch aznshha `c }cz baojzc} `c

bagaz( ocdimlga} mag}micgpc} `c gsc}pza} `cjczc} y lolgpc} `c hl vlpzil; mlpýhima} `c maguimmiýg |sc ga pahczloa} }c ga} shpzldc cg ha oì} }lnzlà‟' "''') ‘Hsmblzcoa} }ig `c}mlg}a bl}pl ajpcgcz ch pzisgea;

vzceczioa} oih ucmc} hl osczpc |sc ljlgàglz ch mlova y ch `cjcz blmiégàga} mýovhimc} `c hl zsigl `c hl vlpzil‟' Ch 2 `c lna}pa ( `cmhlzý ch Nzlh' Mlhhc} |sc ga oaìeimlzì hl hcy `c mshpa} gi lspazitlzì ch zcnzc}a `cha} Aji}va} `c}pczzlà}'

Ch : `c ampsjzc ( ch Mlz`cglh Vicpza Nl}vlzzi( }cmzcplzia `c C}plà `c hl ]lgpl ]c`c( cg sgl}`cmhlzlmiagc} lh Pbc Gc~ Yazk Pioc}( mscgpl ha} bazzazc} `c hl vcz}cmsmiýg }sezi`l cg Oérima vaz hlInhc}il( y `cgsgmil ch }ihcgmia `c hl} glmiagc}( lh ‘pahczlz plg }lhuldc vcz}cmsmiýg cg vhcga }inha RR‟ ' ‘Gl`l

maovlzljhc l c}pl vcz}cmsmiýg }c bl ui}pa cg hl Bi}pazil( gi lsg cg hl `c ha} vziocza} }inha} `c hl Inhc}il‟'

=' Lüa <9:2] c zcni}pzl hl igmazvazlmiýg `c lgpinsa} uihhi}pl} y tlvlpi}pl} l hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh ' Cg cgcza }c

zcni}pzlg mczml `c <66 jlplhhl} cg ha} Lhpa}( y cg ecjzcza :66' Hl nsczzl }c pzl}hl`l lh ezcgpc }sz( |sc ìzincch Nzlh' @cnahhlà4 Pcmahaphìg( Mamsh( Plhvipl( Pcglolrphìg( Hl Mlg`chlzil( Olgtlgihha ' Ch =6 `c cgcza ( escìgloiplà ch oagsocgpa l Mzi}pa Zcy cg ch Mczza `ch Msjihcpc( vaz hl} escztl} `ch Nzlh' ]ìgmbct'

Ch <> `c dshia ( ch Nzlh' Ìhulza Ajzcnýg( mlgì`lpa l hl vzc}i`cgmil( c} l}c}iglà vaz ch daucglmcdaplocza Da}é `c Hcýg Pazlh; esc es}ihlà ch <6 `c ecjzcza `c <9:9 ' Ch :2 `c dshia( hl @iui}iýg ]sz( cg hlblmicg`l `c Ha} Uahmlgc}( c} mag}lnzl`l l Mzi}pa Zcy y l ]lgpl Olzïl `c Nsl`lhsvc'



<5

0' Lüa <9:9Sgl `c hl} jlplhhl}( `c hl} ocdazc} y mag jscg zc}shplà vlzl ha} mzi}pcza}( |sc vaz miczpa esc

nlgl`l( esc l|sï l =3 kihýocpza} `c c}pc vscjha( cg Pcvlpiphìg' C}pl psua hsnlz ch <> `c olzta ( psuazc}aglgmil glmiaglh( vsc} esc hl jlplhhl oì} esczpc `c pa`l hl ‘Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl‟ ( vsc} cg chhl }c olgiec}pýyl hl lhpl aznlgitlmiýg `c hl jlplhhl( y ha} nzsva} zcmhsplà} cg zcnioicgpa} `c ha} |sc }c maovagïl chCdczmipa Zcnshlz Hijczplzia( maolg`là vaz ch dcec oihiplz mzi}pcza `c hl jzinl`l `c ha} Lhpa}( ch Vl`zc D'Zcyc} Ucnl /ch Vlgmba Uihhl `c }aplgl /( lh olgà `c 0666 baojzc} yl eansclà} mag à} lüa} `c hsmbl|sicgc} }c cgezcgplzïlg l pzavl `c hïgcl maoa 366 ec`czlhc} y sga} 0666 lnzlzi}pl} pzlïà} mag cgnlüa} `chl Bsl}pcml Vapa}igl( vlzl `lzhc} piczzl} cg ha} Lhpa}' Maolg`là} vaz ch Nzlh' Vljha Za`zïnsct( |sicgc}hhcnlzag maoa l hl} mslpza `c hl olülgl l ha |sc bay }c magamc maoa *C}vlüipl*( àg`c }c `cpsuiczag vlzlblmcz hl crvhazlmiýg l hl mis`l` |sc àzoïl pzlg|sihlocgpc; `c}vsé} }c ìa hl az`cg `c lulgtl`l lì}mzcmiýg hhcglgà hl mlhhc `c cgpzl`l' Vcza hl} pzavl} mzi}pczl} yl c}pljlg lva}pl`l} cg hl} ltapcl} `c hlVzc}i`cgmil Osgimivlh( `c hl Vlzza|sil y lhnsga} pcovha} y `c osmbl} ml}l} vlzpimshlzc} c}vczìgàha}

' Vaz hl mlhhc Ig`s}pzil "bay <5 `c ]cvpicojzc)( àg`c bay c} hl ]lnzl`l Eloihil y hl Mlhtl`l C}vlüipl( chVscgpc `c hl Uihhl( hl mlhhc Mag}pipsmiýg( àg`c bay c} hl Nl}ahigczl `c hl cgpzl`l l Pcvl uigicgà `cLzlg`l}( esc àg`c }c pzljý hl eczat jlplhhl àg`c }lhiý vczìcgà ch najiczga( |sc esc lnlzzlà l à}escna}( `c}`c hl} ltapcl} y apza} |sc hc }lhiczag vaz `cpzì}' Ga pcgïlg ha} ec`czlhc} y lnzlzi}pl} àg`c

c}mag`cz}c a mazzcz( vsc} }c ìmc |sc pzc} mslzpl} vlzpc} `c ha} |sc cgpzlzag ga }lhiczag uiua}'

Bly ì}mzcvlgmil} cgpzc ch gôocza `c osczpa}( vcza ha} ucmiga} l}cnszlg |sc hl} jldl} vl}ljlg `c ='666'Cg c}pl jlplhhl esc osczpa ch Vl`zc Zcyc} Ucnl( |sc vlzl `coa}pzlz }s ulhcgpïl y `lz ìgioa} l }s}}ah`là}( }c hc} bcmba cgmiol mag paà y mljlhha l sga} =6 lnzlzi}pl}( |sicgc} hc olplzag ch mljlhha y mlhhacgmiol `c éh y lh oaocgpa `c |sczcz}c hculgplz hc ìczag sg piza cg hl ezcgpc cg ch hlà it|siczà( hl jlhl hc}lhiý vaz ch hlà `czcmba `c hl vlzpc `c lpzì} `c hl mljctl( ha hhculzag l }s ml}l pa`luïl uiua àg`c sg}lmczàpc |sc vczolgcmïl c}magìà hc lòigi}pza ha} ôhpioa} }lmzlocgpa}( ha magec}ý `szlgpc ocìl bazly lhhï osziý'

m' Lzzcnha} L ocìlà} `c ìmicojzc `c <9:> cg Zaol pzisgel hl hïgcl mag}czulàzl y }c vzabïjc l ha} Aji}va}

lvaylz a eluazcmcz ch oauioicgpa lzolà; hl ]cmzcplzïl `c C}plà `ch Ulpimlga spihitl ha} aeimia} `c hl dczlz|sïl mlpýhiml c}plàsgi`cg}c vlzl magplmplz mag ch vzc}i`cgpc Mlhhc}' Cg plh }cgpià( ch Lztaji}va VicpzaEsol}agi Jiagì( @chcnlà Lva}pýhima cg ha} C}plà} Sgià} ( y cgmlznlà `c gcnamia} `c hl @chcnlmiýgLva}pýhiml cg Oérima( pzlg}oipc l Oag}' @ïlt y Jlzzcpa( ]cmzcplzia `ch Maoipé Cvi}mavlh ( l |sicg ch oi}oaOag}' Esol}agi bljïl gaojzlà Igpczocìlzia Aeimilh cgpzc éh y ha} Aji}va} ocrimlga}( hl ì}va}imiýg `chVlvl( }cnôg hl mslh ‘`cjcg ha} Aji}va} ga }ýha lj}pcgcz}c `c lvaylz hl lmmiýg lzol`l ( }iga plojiég `cjcg vczolgcmcz esczl y }ajzc paà vlzpià vahïpima ‟' @imbl gazol esc maosgiml`l l vaz Oag}' @ïlt y Jlzzcpa l paà} ha} vzchlà} ocrimlga} ch <2 `c cgcza `c <9:2 ' L ocìlà} `c <9:2 ha} mzi}pcza}( sga}:3'666 baojzc} cg lzol}( ga va`ïlg yl }cz ucgmià}( ha mslh mag}pipsïl sgl nzlg uimpazil; vcza ch najiczga(}a}pcgià vaz hl escztl gazpcloczimlgl( ga vlzcmïl l vsgpa `c mlcz'

Cg vhcgl mlovlül vzc}i`cgmilh( cg <9:2 ( c} l}c}iglà Ìhulza Ajzcnýg maoa mlgì`lpa vzc}i`cgmilh; c}gaojzlà vzc}i`cgpc igpcziga Coihia Vazpc} Nih'

Cg cgcza `c <9:9 ( ch cojldlàz c}plàsgi`cg}c @~inbp ^bipgcy Oazza~ /|sc ig}i}pïl lh najiczga yl hl vzcg}l vlzl |sc ga bljhl}cg `c mzi}pcza} }iga `c ‘jlgìà}‟ / c}pioljl iovzajljhc vlmieimlz ch C}plà‘lgpc} `c |sc }c }ahsmiagc hl msc}piýg zchinia}l‟' Ch Nzlh' Naza}picpl( oihiplz `c mlzzczl( l |sicg ijlghhcnlgà `c mslgà cg mslgà zsoazc} `c va}ijhc} lzzcnha} cgpzc hl Inhc}il y ch C}plà( l c}vlh`l} `c hlNslzìl Glmiaglh mzi}pczl( c}mzijiý l ha} Aji}va} ocrimlga} sgl hlznl mlzpl ch <5 `c olya `c <9:9 '

Lhnsga} ezlnocgpa} }ingieimlpiua} }ag4

‘@c}`c |sc maocgtý gsc}pzl hsmbl( ga bl `cdlà `c amsvlz}c vcziýìmlocgpc hl vzcg}l glmiaglh( y

lsg hl crpzlgdczl( `c va}ijhc} lzzcnha} cgpzc ch hhlolà najiczga y lhnôg oicojza }cülhlà `ch Cvi}mavlà ocrimlga( vlzl pczoiglz ch vzajhcol zchinia}a' ]icovzc |sc plh gapimil bl lvlzcmià blg }cgpià ha}

baojzc} cg hsmbl |sc sg c}mlhaezïa `c osczpc ha} igul`c( vcaz oih ucmc} |sc paà} ha} vchinza} |sc }c blg `cmiìà l lzza}pzlz'



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Ml`l uct |sc hl vzcg}l ga} ìmc `c sg aji}va va}ijhc vlzhlocgplzia mag ch mlhhi}oa( }cgpioa} maoa sgl jaecpl`l cg vhcga za}pza( plgpa oì} àhaza}l mslgpa |sc uicgc `c |sicg va`zïloa} c}vczlz sg mag}scha(sgl vlhljzl `c lhicgpa cg gsc}pzl hsmbl; lhicgpa y mag}scha |sc mag sgl }ahl bagazljihï}iol crmcvmiýg [Oag}' Olzpïgct y Tìzlpc( aji}va `c Bscdsphl( <> lüa} `c}pczzlà_ `c glìc bcoa} zcmijià "''')

]i ha} aji}va} lh vzc}cgplz}c l pzlplz mag ch najiczga lvzscjlg hl lmpips` `c hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh( }i c}pìg `c lmsczà cg |sc czl yl hl ôgiml ìngl |sc ga} `cdljl ch `é}vapl( pcg`zìg |sc mag}shplz gsc}pza oaà `c vcg}lz y lpcg`cz gsc}pzl} crincgmil}; gl`l pcgcoa} |sc `cmiz cg c}pc ml}a "''')

]i ha} aji}va} lh pzlplz mag ch najiczga `c}lvzscjlg gsc}pzl lmpips`( }i ga paolg cg mscgpl l hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh y pzlplg `c `lz }ahsmiýg lh magehimpa ig`cvcgìcgpcocgpc `c ha |sc ga}apza} lgbchloa}'''; }i }c ahui`lg `c gsc}pza} osczpa}( }i ga }c paolg cg mag}i`czlmiýg gsc}pza} oihc} `c uis`l} y bsézelga}(cgpagmc}''' zcmbltlzcoa} plh lmpips` maoa igìngl y maoa pzliàzl "''')

Osmbl} y `c osy ìucz}l ïgàhc }ag hl} zltagc} |sc mzccoa} pcgcz vlzl |sc hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh(y ga ch Cvi}mavlà( }cl |sicg zc}schul c}pl }ipslmiýg' @c}`c hscna ch vzajhcol ga c} vszlocgpc zchinia}a(c} é}pc sg ml}a igpcnzlh `c hijczpl`( y hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh }c bl mag}pipsià `c bcmba cg `cecg}azl `c pa`l} hl} hijczpl`c} y cg hl ncgsigl zcvzc}cgplmiýg `ch vscjha( vsc} ch lvaya |sc ch vscjha ga} iovlzpc c} ha |sc ga} bl bcmba }sj}i}piz "''')

Maoa ôhpiol zltýg mzccoa} pcgcz `czcmba l |sc }c ga} ainl( }i ga vaz apzl mls}l( vaz }cz vlzpc mag}pipspiul `c hl Inhc}il mlpýhiml `c Oérima( vzcmi}locgpc vaz }cz vlzpc iovazplgpï}iol `c hl Ig}pipsmiýg |sc najiczglg ha} aji}va} ocrimlga}‟'

Ch : `c dsgia `c <9:9 ch Nzlh' Naza}picpl( dcec `c hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh ( esc l}c}iglà cg sglcoja}ml`l cg hl blmicg`l `ch ulhhc( cg ch C}plà `c Oimbalmìg ( vaz ha} mlhhi}pl}( y hc }smcìý ch Ncgczlh@cnahhlà Nsïtlz'

]i jicg hl va}imiýg `c ha} mzi}pcza} czl l ocìlà} `c <9:9 ocdaz |sc hl `c ha} ec`czlhc}( vsc}(maojlpicgà vaz sgl mls}l ds}pl( pcgïlg ocdaz oazlh y ì}mivhigl( y avczlgà cg vc|scüa} nzsva} |scnahvcljlg y bsïlg( }sezïlg osmbl} ocga} jldl} |sc ha} }ah`là} mlhhi}pl}( }c ucïl yl mhlzlocgpc |sc( lh

ocga} l mazpa vhlta( gi sga} gi apza} va`ïlg ucgmcz ' ]ig cojlzna( cg c}pc covlpc bljïl sgl nzlgìeczcgmil4 cg plgpa |sc ha} mzi}pcza} c}pljlg ì}vsc}pa} l }cnsiz hsmblgà ch picova |sc esczl gcmc}lziabl}pl ajpcgcz hl `czanlmiýg `c hl} hcyc} |sc vcz}cnsïlg l hl Inhc}il( ch najiczga( uiégà}c cg jlgmlzzaplplgpa cg cmagaoïl maoa cg vzc}pinia lgpc hl} glmiagc}( pcgïl crpzcol`l szncgmil `c pczoiglz ch magehimpamslgpa lgpc}'

Ch cojldlàz c}plàsgi`cg}c @~inbp ^' Oazza~( /jlg|scza y ìvhaoìpima( vzapc}plgpc y ol}ýg ( mýovhimc `c Mlhhc} y `ch vzc}i`cgpc Vazpc} Nih /( }izuiý maoa igpczmc}az cgpzc ch Najiczga ocrimlga y hl Inhc}ilMlpýhiml vlzl pczoiglz ch magehimpa' Psua sgl cgpzcui}pl mag ha} vzchlà} Oag}cüaz Zsit Ehazc} @chcnlà Lva}pýhima l` zceczcg`so ( y Oag}cüaz Vl}mslh @ïlt Jlzzcpa( c}manià maoa }s }cmzcplzia vlzl gcnamilz(vaz }cz ch ôgima Aji}va |sc bljïl oa}pzlà `cmiìà covcüa cg hanzlz sgl pzlg}lmmiýg mag ha} mlhhi}pl}'Loja} esczag pzlïà} `c ha} C}plà} Sgià} l Oérima( igmaosgimlà} cg sg ulnýg `c pzcg( vaz chcojldlàz @~inbp Oazza~ ; magpigslzag cg c}l }ipslmiýg cg hl mis`l` `c Oérima( cg hl hsda}l zc}i`cgmil `chjlg|scza Lns}pïg Hcnazzcpl ' Ga zcmijiczag gi l ha} Aji}va} ocrimlga} gi l sg cguilà `c hl Hinl'

Plovama |si}iczag zcmijiz lh Aji}va Oinsch `c hl Oazl ( }cmzcplzia `ch ]sjmaoipé Cvi}mavlh |sc olg`ýlui}a l Oag}' Ehazc} `c |sc ‘pcgïl nzlg`c} y szncgpc} ma}l} |sc maosgimlzhc( y |sc ga esczl l vlmplz gl`l

}ig lgpc} aïzha‟ ' Hl} vsczpl} `c l|schhl ml}l( cg c}a} `ïl}( }ýha c}psuiczag ljiczpl} vlzl Oazza~( vlzl ha}}lmczàpc} crpzlgdcza}4 îhezi` y Vlz}ag} y Còsgà ^lh}b( ]'D' [crvczpa cg vahïpiml ( igpczglmiaglh `c hlsgiucz}i`l` `c Ncazncpa~g_( vlzl Mzsmblnl Pamazglh( ch cojldlàz `c Mbihc( y vlzl apza} crpzlgdcza}' Vlzlha} crpzlüa}; ga vlzl ha} ocrimlga}'



<2

Vsc`c leizolz}c( vsc}( |sc ha} à} Aji}va} `c ha} Lzzcnha} mag Vazpc} Nih ga msovhiczag hl}Gazol} c}mzipl} |sc ]] Vïa RI hc} bljïl `là / ch Vlvl bljïl bcmba bigmlvié cg pzc} vsgpa}4

<´ \sc ha} pcovha}( cìeimia} `c hl Inhc}il( mszlpa}( zc}i`cgmil} cvi}mavlhc} y }coiglzia} esc}cg `cuschpa};

:´ \sc hl va}c}iýg `c jicgc} `c hl inhc}il esc}c zc}vcpl`l; =´ \sc }c magmcìc}c logi}pïl l ha} mzi}pcza}( lh `cvagcz hl} lzol} /'

Ga }c psuiczag cg mscgpl ch dsimia `c ha} Aji}va}( gi ch `c ha} mzi}pcza} a hl Hinl Glmiaglh; plovamamag}insiczag( gi `c hcda}( hl `czanlmiýg `c hl} hcyc} vcz}cmspazil} `c hl Inhc}il; y ocga} lôg ajpsuiczagnlzlgpïl} c}mzipl} |sc vzapcniczlg hl }sczpc `c ha} mzi}pcza} sgl uct `cvsc}pl} hl} lzol}' ]ahlocgpcmag}insiczag `ch Vzc}i`cgpc sgl} vlhljzl} `c magmihilmiýg y jscgl uahsgpl`( y sgl} @cmhlzlmiagc} c}mzipl}cg hl} |sc( }ig `czanlz hcy lhnsgl( }c leizoljl ch vzavý}ipa `c lvhimlzhl} ‘}ig pcg`cgmil }cmplzil y }ig

vczdsimia lhnsga‟' Ha} à} Aji}va}( magucgmià} vaz ch cojldlàz gazpcloczimlga Oazza~ `c |sc ga czlva}ijhc mag}cnsiz `ch Vzc}i`cgpc oì} |sc plhc} @cmhlzlmiagc}( y lmag}cdlà} vaz Mzsmblnl y ch vl`zc^lh}b( |sc hl} mzcïlg }seimicgpc}( lmcvplzag c}pc àmsocgpa zc`lmplà vcz}aglhocgpc cg ignhé} vaz choi}oa Oazza~'

]c hhcný l}ï lh lmsczà hhlolà *oa`s} uiucgì* ( ch :< `c dsgia `c <9:9 ; }svagïl hl ga lvhimlmiýg `c

hl} ì}va}imiagc} hcnlhc} colgl`l} jlda ch zéniocg `c Vhsplzma Chïl} Mlhhc}( vcza }ig ljzanlzhl}' ]cülhljlch àmsocgpa4 ‘Ch Aji}va @ïlt y ya bcoa} pcgià ulzil} mageczcgmil} mag ch M' Vzc} i`cgpc `c hl Zcvôjhiml'''Oc }lpi}elmc olgiec}plz |sc pa`l} hl} magucz}lmiagc} }c blg }ingieimlà vaz sg c}vïzips `c ospsl jscgl uahsgpl` y zc}vcpa ' Maoa mag}cmscgmil `c ìmbl} @cmhlzlmiagc} bcmbl} vaz ch M' Vzc}i`cgpc( ch mhcza ocrimlga zclgs`lzì ha} }czuimia} zchinia}a} `c lmsczà mag hl} hcyc} uincgpc} ' Ya ljzina hl c}vczlgtl `c|sc hl zclgs`lmiýg `c ha} }czuimia} zchinia}a} [crvzc}iýg vzapc}plgpc( vzavil `c Oazza~( }s zc`lmpaz_ vsc`lmag`smiz lh Vscjha Ocrimlga( lgiolà vaz sg c}vïzips `c jscgl uahsgpl`( l maavczlz cg paà} ha} c}esczta}oazlhc} |sc }c blnlg vlzl jcgceimia `c paà} ha} `c hl piczzl `c gsc}pza} olyazc}' Oérima( @'E' Dsgia :<`c <9:9'/Hcavahà Zsit( Lztaji}va `c Oazchil y @chcnlà Lva}pýhima‟'

Hl} hcyc} uincgpc} ( vaz }svsc}pa( czlg l|séhhl} |sc bljïlg `c}cgml`cglà hl Cvavcyl Mzi}pczl ']ig `s`l hc} mljcg hl} vlhljzl} `ch hijza `ch Vzaecpl Dczcoïl} :=( </54 ‘¬Ly `c ha} vl}pazc} |sc vicz`cg y

ì}vcz}lg ch zcjlüa `c oi vl}pitlh,‟ ”azìmsha `ch ]cüaz ”' Vaz c}a( l}ï bljhl ch ]cüaz( @ia} `c I}zlch( magpzl ha} vl}pazc} |sc lvlmicgplg l oi vscjha4 ‘S}pc`c} blg ì}vcz}là oi} aucdl}( hl} blg crvsh}là y ga }c

blg amsvlà `c chhl}' Ya( cg mlojia( uay l amsvlzoc `c s}pc`c}( vlzl ml}pinlz }s} olhl} lmmiagc}‟ ”

azìmsha `ch ]cüaz ”' ‘Ya oi}oa zcsgizé ch zc}pa `c oi} aucdl}( `c paà} ha} vlï}c} làg`c hl} bljïl crvsh}là( y hl} blzé uahucz l }s} vzl`czl}( àg`c }czìg ecmsg`l`l} y }c oshpivhimlzìg' Ya }s}miplzé vlzl chhl} vl}pazc} |sc hl} lvlmcgplzìg; y yl ga pcoczìg gi }c c}vlgplzìg( y ga }c cmblzìg `c ocga} l gignsgl‟ ”azìmsha `ch ]cüaz ”' ‘Hhcnlzìg ha} `ïl} ”azìmsha `ch ]cüaz ” cg |sc }s}miplzé l @lui` sg nczocg ds}pa; éh zciglzì maoa zcy y }czì vzs`cgpc( vzlmpimlzì hl ds}pimil y ch `czcmba cg ch vlï}' Cg }s} `ïl}( Ds`ì c}plzì l }lhua c I}zlch bljiplzì }cnsza'

Y }c ha hhlolzì mag c}pc gaojzc4 ‒Ch ]cüaz c} gsc}pzl ds}pimil‟'

Hl Hinl crvs}a hl }ipslmiýg cg sg olgieic}pa cg |sc ìmc4 ‘Ga lgiolg( gi gsgml blg lgiolà l ha}

oicojza} `c hl nslzìl Glmiaglh gi l ha} `c hl Hinl( lojimiagc} vcz}aglhc} gi jl}plz`l}( gi }ag vzc}l `c hl gcmil iovlmicgmil `c vzcpcg`cz mag}solz `c sg nahvc hl zciuigìmlmiýg `c paà} ha} `czcmba} "''')Cg c}pl ì}vczl y mzscgpl hsmbl }c bl hanzlà igesgìz cg ch lhol glmiaglh sgl eazoi`ljhc y bag`l vl}iýg vaz hhculz l mlja hl zcmag|si}pl( `c bcmba y `c `czcmba( `c gsc}pzl} hijczpl`c} c}cgmilhc}( y ga bljzì va`cz bsolga |sc vsc`l lzzlgmìz}chl; y vaz|sc maoa mlpýhima} pcgcoa} vhcgl mageilgtl cg ch ]ajczlga Vagpïeimc y cg }s eizoctl( hl Hinl c}piol |sc bl hhcnlà ch oaocgpa `cmi}iua `c mc}lz cg hl hsmbl jéhiml( vlzl iz l mag}lnzlz l apzl mhl}c `c lmpiui`l`c} gazolhc}( |sc zc`sg`cg }icovzc cg jicg `c hl Vlpzil y `c gsc}pzl ec' "''') Gi }c vzcpcg`c( gi }c bl vzcpcgìà ulhcz}c `c hl Zchiniýg vlzl ajpcgcz( vaz }s ocìa pzlg}eazolmiagc} `c mlzìmpcz pcovazlh `c hl ma}l vôjhiml' Osy àhaza}l bl }ià hl vzscjl }sezi`l( vcza cg chhl y mag chhl bl |sc`là `coa}pzlà |sc( mslgà }c pamlg mag olga `c}vil`l`l ha} oì} }lnzlà} `czcmba} |sc ch mlpýhima picgc cg ha vzaesgà `c }s lhol( }c `c}cgml`cglg jazzl}ml} `cvhazljhc} vlzl paà} "''')



<9

Hl magpicg`l bl eazolà mlzlmpczc}4 `lol} `c pa`l} mhl}c} }amilhc}( giüa}( dýucgc}( baojzc} cg hl vhcgips` `c hl c`l` y cg hl c`l` vzaucmpl( blg l`|sizià ch bìjipa `c hl hsmbl `c}igpczc}l`l y gajhc(mszpià} cg paà} ha} àhazc} y cg paà} ha} `c}lovlza}' C}c zima vlpzioagia mag}pipsià cg c}pc hlzna vczïaà `c }svzcol lgns}pil( ga `cjc }cz `c}vihelzzlà( }iga |sc `cjc covhclz}c lbazl vlzl blmczhc ezsmpieimlz cg hl plzcl maha}lh `c hl zcmag}pzsmmiýg vlpzil‟'

`' Jlhlgmc Ch jlhlgmc `c c}pl cvavcyl c} ch }insicgpc4 `ch cdézmipa ec`czlh mlyczag <0 ncgczlhc}( oì} `c :'666

aeimilhc} y sga} 56'666 }ah`là} y lsrihilzc}; c|siulhïl lvzariol`locgpc l sg >6# `c ha} cecmpiua} |scigimilzag hl hsmbl'

@ch cdézmipa mzi}pcza mlyczag lvzariol`locgpc sga} =6'666 baojzc}( cgpzc maojlpicgpc} y miuihc};<=0 vscjha} y :93 lh`cl} igmcgìl`l} y }l|scl`l}; :0: zcmagmcgpzlmiagc}; }c `cjcg }solz micgpa} `c}lmczàpc} y hlima} olzpizitlà}'

c' Mag}cmscgmil}Ch :> `c dsgia `c <9:9 ( `ïl} `c}vsé} `c ha} Lzzcnha} hanzlà} }ajzc paà vaz ha} ol}agc} Oazza~ y

Vazpc} Nih( hl ol}agczïl ìa sg nzlg jlg|scpc lh vzc}i`cgpc Vazpc} Nih( ch mslh l ha} va}pzc} bljhý «l }s}zcuczcgà} bczolga}4 ‘Oicgpzl} ch mhcza esc zcjch`c l hl} Ig}pipsmiagc} y l hl} Hcyc}( ch Najiczga ` c hl Zcvôjhiml c}psua cg ch `cjcz `c maojlpizha "''') Lbazl( |sczià} bczolga}( ch mhcza bl zcmagamià

vhcglocgpc lh C}plà' Y bl `cmhlzlà }ig plvsda}4 |sc }c }aocpc c}pzimplocgpc l hl} Hcyc}' Y ya ga va`ïl gcnlz l ha} mlpýhima} ch `czcmba |sc picgcg `c }aocpcz}c l hl} Hcyc} "''') Hl hsmbl }ig cojlzna c} cpczgl'Hl hsmbl }c igimiý blmc ucigpc }inha}' Ya vzapc}pa lgpc hl ol}agczïl |sc( oicgpzl} ya c}pé cg ch Najiczga( }c msovhizì c}pzimplocgpc mag c}l hcni}hlmiýg' "''') Cg Oérima( ch C}plà y hl ol}agczïl( cg ha} ôhpioa} lüa}(blg }ià sgl oi}ol ma}l4 à} cgpi`l`c} |sc olzmblg lvlzcdl`l}( vaz|sc ha} baojzc} |sc cg ha} ôhpioa} lüa} blg c}plà cg ch va`cz( blg }ljià }icovzc }ahi`lzitlz}c mag ha} vzigmivia} zcuahsmiaglzia} `c hl ol}agczïl‟'

Ch =6 `c Dsgia `c <9:9 }c ljziczag gsculocgpc ha} pcovha}' Mslgà ha} mzi}pcza} |sc bljïlgpaolà hl} lzol} lmcvplzag `cvagczhl}( vaz ajcìcgmil( lgpc hl zclgs`lmiýg `c hl} lmpiui`l`c} `c mshpa( }cvs}a eig l hl hhlol`l nsczzl mzi}pczl; c h Dcec }svzcoa `c hl Nslzìl Glmiaglh ( Nzlh Dc}ô} @cnahhlà Nsïtlz(az`cgý ch himcgmiloicgpa `ch cdézmipa( sga} migmscgpl oih baojzc}' Ch cdézmipa mzi}pcza ga bljïl }ià

`czzaplà }iga( ucgìà cg hl oc}l `c hl} gcnamilmiagc}' Mczml `c mlpazmc oih mzi}pcza} }c vzc}cgplzag lhl} lspazi`l`c} oihiplzc} vaz }lhuamag`smpa}( cgpzcnlgà hl} lzol}; apza} hl} amshplzag y ga }c vzc}cgplzagy osmba} oì} bsyczag `c }s} zcniagc}'

Ga aj}plgpc( lvcgl} `c}lzolà}( osmba} esczag l}c}iglà} vaz az`cg `c hl} lspazi`l`c} hamlhc};hl miezl c} `c <'366 uïmpiol} ( `c hl} mslhc} 366 dcec} ( `c}`c ch nzlà `c pcgicgpc lh `c ncgczlh' L}ï mlyczagl}c}iglà} ch V' Lzi}pca Vc`zatl( dcec `c hl Jzinl`l `c Ha} Lhpa}( ch = `c dshia ; Vc`za \sigplglz( dcec `cTlmlpcml}( Vazeizia Olhhaz|sïg; Mlzha} Jas|scp( dcec `ch ]sz; ha} ncgczlhc} y mazagchc} Uimcgpc Mscul(Hazcgta Lzzcahl( Da}é Olzïl Nspiézzct Jchpzìg( Nljiga Ìhulzct Jlzldl}( Ezlgmi}ma ]ìgmbct Bczgìg`ct(Echimilga Ehazc}( Uimpazilga @loiìg( Zanlmilga Lh`lol( Lg`zé} ]lhltlz( ha} pzc} bczolga} `c Vc`za]lgàulh( Eéhir Zloïzct y Ml}ioiza ]cvôhuc`l; ha} vzc}jïpcza} Da}é Hctlol y Cvielgia Ol`zinlh; ch ncgczlhHsi} Lhmazpl y ch igncgicza Da}é Nagtìhct Vlmbcma( `c hl LMDO ' ]ig `s`l }ag lvhimljhc} hl} vlhljzl} `c]lg Olzma} <=(9' <= 4 *Vcza ua}apza} oizl` vaz ua}apza}; a} cgpzcnlzìg l ha} pzijsglhc}( }czéi} ltaplà} cg hl} }iglnanl} y maovlzcmczéi} lgpc najczglgpc} y zcyc} vaz oi mls}l( vlzl |sc `ci} pc}pioagia lgpc chha}' Y }czéi} aìlà} `c paà} vaz mls}l `c oi gaojzc( vcza ch |sc vcz}cuczc bl}pl ch eig( é}c }c }lhulzl‟'

Ha} zc}vag}ljhc} `c ha} ‘lzzcnha}‟ zcmijïlg ìngi`l`c} c}vcmilhc}4 Oag}' Hcavahà Zsit y Ehazc}esc gaojzlà @chcnlà Lva}pýhima cg Oérima ( y Oag}' Vl}mslh @ïlt y Jlzzcpa( Lztaji}va Vziolà `c Oérima '

]c vzamcìý l ì}ahucz l hl Hinl ( l hl} Jzinl`l} Ecocgigl} ( l hl Sgiýg `c @lol} Mlpýhiml} y l hlLDMO ' Ch V' Oizlg`l /espsza mlz`cglh `c Oérima /( esc ch cgmlznlà `c |scolz ch lzmbiua `c hl} JJ( cg plgpach lzmbiua `c hl Hinl esc `c}pzsià vaz apza }cmzcplzia `c Oag}' @ïlt y Jlzzcpa ( Dslg Hligé' L Oag}' @ìuihlNlziji }c hc cgmaocg`ý hl |scol `ch lzmbiua `ch Lztaji}va `c Nsl`lhldlzl ( Oag}' Azatma y Dioégct;}icgà Lztaji}va `c Nsl`lhldlzl cg <952 ( `cmhlzý4 ‘Esczag vcazc} ha} mzi}pcza} |sc ha} `ch najiczga' ¬\sé

`c}az`cg,



:6

Lh ocga} ha} `c hl Ec`czlmiýg czlg ncgpc} `c az`cg ‟' Oag}' Azatma( ch ôgima aji}va |sc vczolgcmiý mag}s} eichc} cg ch mlova( esc iguiplà l ljlgàglz ch vlï}; }c hc} ioviìý zcnzc}lz l Oag}' Nagtìhct yUlhcgmil y l Oag}' Da}é `c Dc}ô} Olgzi|sct y Tìzlpc ”mchcjézzioa vziocz Aji}va `c Bscdsphl( vzc}a sg lüa cg Vlmbsml y ìcmi}icpc cg ch `c}piczza /'

Ch :5 `c ìmicojzc `c <9=<( vaz `cmzcpa nsjczglocgplh ( }c zc`smcg l :3 ch gôocza `c }lmczàpc}|sc va`ïlg aeimilz cg ch @i}pzipa Ec`czlh( y l sga }ýha( ch Lztaji}va( cg hl Mlpc`zlh'

Ch :9 `c }cvpicojzc `c <9=:( ]] Vïa RI( cguïl sgl gscul Cgmïmhiml4 *Lmczjl Lgioi* ; c} sglvzahagnlmiýg `c hl Mlzpl ‘Igi|si} leeimpi}|sc‟ ' @izini`l lh cvi}mavlà ocdimlga( zcmanc ch oa`s} uiucgì c}pljhcmià cg ch lüa <9:9 cgpzc hl ]lgpl ]c`c y hl Zcvôjhiml `c Oédima y hl igocìlpl pzl}nzc}iýg `c c}pcmagucgia vaz vlzpc `ch Najiczga `c hl Zcvôjhiml' @c}`c ch vsgpa `c ui}pl bi}pýzima( vzc}cgpl sgl i`cgpi`l`ml}i maovhcpl `c hl cgmïmhiml mipl`l' Vcza pcoìpimlocgpc aezcmc ch `c}lzzahha `c sgl ì}pigmiýg hsoiga}lcgpzc hl lmcvplmiýg va}ipiul/}icovzc ihïmipl/`c sgl hcy vcz}cmspazil y hl oczl pahczlgmil olpczilh `c hl}mhìs}shl} `c c}pl hcy' @c}`c c}pc vsgpa `c ui}pl `ch magpcgià( aezcmc plojiég hl cgmïmhiml sgl cg}cülgtl`c vlzpimshlz igpczé}4 hl} gazol} `c mag`smpl vzìmpiml /lvhimlmiýg `c ha} vzigmivia}/( `cjcg mageazolz}c maghl ìucz}i`l` ulziljhc `c hl} mizmsg}plgmil} magmzcpl} `ch ocìa mag |sc }c lvhimlg'

C} czzýgca c igds}pa ucz sgl magpzlìmmiýg cgpzc gazol} ì}pigpl}( msyl ìucz}i`l` c}pì `l`l vaz hl}

ìeczcgmil} hamlhc} `ch ocìa cg |sc `cjcg zcmijiz lvhimlmiagc} covïziml} ha} vzigmivia} vczolgcgpc}' ‘Hlbazl lmpslh `ch mlpahimi}oa cg Oédima ( zcmaz`ljl ]] Vïa RI cg hl cgmïmhiml ‘Igi|si} leeimpi}|sc‟ ( c} hl bazl aj}mszl `ch va`cz `c hl} pigicjhl}( vzauaml`l vaz ch c}esczta olgmaosglà `ch zcmzs`cmioicgpa `c hl jlzjlzic y hl vcz}cmsmiýg `c hl Inhc}il( lncgpc} }ioshpìgca}( msyl mls}l zc}i`c cg hl} àmpzigl} }sjucz}iul} `ch az`cg }amilh y vahïpima( |sc }c vzavlnlg( nzlmil} l hl maggiucgmil zc}vag}ljhc `c ha} najiczga}( maoa uizs} oazplh `ch c}plà‟' C}pa vzauamý hl crvsh}iýg `ch `chcnlà lva}pýhima'

e' Hl ]cnsg`l Ha} l}c}iglpa} `c mzi}pcza}( `c}vsé} `c ha} ‘Lzzcnha}‟( ijlg vzauamlgà gsculocgpc `c}magpcgpa

cg ch vscjha y esc cg <9=0 mslgà }c vza`sda sg gscua hculgploicgpa( magamià maoa *Hl ]cnsg`l‟ |scesc cg ocga} vzavazmiýg y }c ìa cg ha} c}plà} `c Mahiol( Tlmlpcml} y @szlgna; hl Inhc}il psua |scigpczucgiz vlzl cuiplz oì} `czzloloicgpa} `c }lgnzc'

@izinià} vaz }s} mazagchc} }svczuiuicgpc}4 Ehazcgmia C}pzl`l( Pzigi`l` Oazl( Ec`czima Uìt|sct(Hlsza Zambl( Zloýg Lnsihlz( Zsjég Nsi}lz( jlda ch olgà `ch ncgczlh Lszchia Lmcucà( l eigc} `c <9=3‘Hl ]cnsg`l‟ }c bljïl crpcgìà l <3 c}plà} y magpljl mag sga} >'366 baojzc}' Vama l vama escvczìcgà escztl4 cg <9=3 ( ha} igìa} olya} `c ]agazl ( ìzinià} vaz Hsi} Ijlzzl( `cvagcg }s lmpips`; cg<9=5 ( ha} mzi}pcza} `c Uczlmzst y `c Alrlml }c zcpizlzag( y mlcg ha} vzigmivlhc} dcec}4 Hlsza Zambl( ZloýgLnsihlz( Da}é Uchltma( Ehazcgmia C}pzl`l( Olzpïg @ïlt( Pzigi`l` Oazl y @lui` Za`zïnsct; cg <9=2 ( ha} `c hl}iczzl `ch gazpc `c Vscjhl( Glylzip( Oazcha}( Oimbalmìg( Lnsl}mlhicgpc} y ]iczzl Naz`l ; cg <906 ( ha} `c ha}mlüagc} `c Tlmlpcml} y Dlhi}ma ( maoa ha} `c ha} Lns}piga} cg Nslgldlpa ; cg <90< }c zig`c ch ôhpioa dcecmzi}pcza( Ec`czima Uìt|sct( cg @szlgna '

n' ]ipslmiýg va}pcziaz Cg <9=3 ( Oag}' @ïlt y Jlzzcpa }c hlocgpljl vaz hl osczpc `c hl inhc}il ocrimlgl'

Ch :2 `c olzta `c <9=> ( ]] Vïa RI cguiý hl Cgmïmhiml *Eizoi}}iolo Mag}plgpilo‟ lh Cvi}mavlàocrimlga }ajzc hl }ipslmiýg zchinia}l' @c}plml ch bczaï}oa `c ha} mlpýhima} y ha} c}pzlna} `c hl vcz}cmsmiýg;ha} oézipa} `c ha} mlpýhima} cg }s zc}i}pcgmil lh olh( hl vzìmpiml `c hl ui`l mzi}pilgl y hl ezlgml vzaec}iýg `cec; hl zc}vag}ljihi`l` `ch mhcza; hl gcmc}i`l` c iovazplgmil `c hl Lmmiýg Mlpýhiml; hl vziolmïl `c hl eazolmiýgc}vizipslh; hl }soi}iýg l hl Dczlz|sïl' Hl lmpips` `ch najiczga }c esc }sluitlgà bl}pl <9=2lvzariol`locgpc; mlojilzag ha} i`clhc} zcuahsmiaglzia} vaz ha} maosgi}pl} y lpca}'



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Cg <99= ch najiczga `c Oérima magmcìý l hl Inhc}il sg vzcmlzia zcmagamioicgpa hcnlh maoal}amilmiýg zchinia}l( y zcc}pljhcmiý }s} zchlmiagc} ìvhaoìpiml} mag hl ]lgpl ]c`c'0' Jclpieimlmiýg ymlgagitlmiýg `c oìzpizc} `c hl Vcz}cmsmiýg Zchinia}l

l' Igpza`smmiýg ]cülhl ch Mlpcmi}oa `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml |sc4* Ch olzpizia c} ch }svzcoa pc}pioagia `c hl ucz`l` `c

hl ec; `c}ingl sg pc}pioagia |sc hhcnl bl}pl hl osczpc' Ch oìzpiz `l pc}pioagia `c Mzi}pa( osczpa y zc}smiplà(lh mslh c}pì sgià vaz hl mlzi`l`*'

Sgl uct }s}vcgìà ch mshpa cg Oérima ch =< `c dshia `c <9:5 ( hl igocg}l olyazïl `ch mhcza( sga}='366 }lmczàpc}( ajc`cmicgà l }s} Aji}va}( }c esc zcmanicgà cg hl} nzlg`c} mis`l`c}( magpzahl`l} vazch najiczga( mag ha |sc ha} miuihc} y maojlpicgpc} `ch mlova |sc`ljlg }ig vl}pazc}' C}pa} }lmczàpc}(lsg|sc }sdcpa} l c}pzimpl uinihlgmil y cg aml}iagc} l ucdlmiagc}( ga mazziczag gazolhocgpc vchinza `cosczpc' Vaz ch magpzlzia( ha} }lmczàpc} |sc vczolgcmiczag cg ch mlova( ha bimiczag mag nzluï}ioa zic}na(mag}micgpc} `c |sc }i czlg lvzc}là}( }czïlg cdcmsplà}( osmbl} ucmc} mag }lì}oa( yl |sc ch najiczgavcg}ljl |sc es}ihlgà }ig maovl}iýg l paà }lmczàpc manià cg ch mlova( ajhinljl l ha} `coì}(lpczzazitlà}( l zcesnilz}c cg hl mis`l`( y c}vczljl l}ï |sc `cdlgà l ha} mlovc}iga} }ig }lmczàpc}(}aeamlzïl zìvi`locgpc hl zcjchiýg' ]c mlhmshl |sc micg a à}micgpa} vczolgcmiczag cg ch mlova(c}magìà} mag hl vzapcmmiýg `c ha} eichc}( |sc cg osmba} ml}a} esczag plojiég cdcmsplà} vaz `lzhc}

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Cg zchlmiýg l ha} }lmczàpc} ìamc}lga} oìzpizc}( ]] Dslg Vljha II }cülhý ch :: `c gauicojzc `c <99: 4 "''') ‘}s cgpzcnl lh ]cüaz y l hl Inhc}il czl plg eizoc |sc( lsg pcgicgà hl va}ijihi`l` `c ls}cgplz}c `c

}s} maosgi`l`c} `szlgpc ch magehimpa lzolà( `cmiìczag( l cdcovha `ch Jscg Vl}paz( vczolgcmcz cgpzc ha} }sya} vlzl ga vziulzha} `c hl Csmlzi}pïl( `c hl vlhljzl `c @ia} y `ch msi`là vl}pazlh' Hcda} `c paà} chha} cgmcg`cz a luiulz }cgpioicgpa} |sc cgezcgplzlg l bczolga} magpzl bczolga}' Lh magpzlzia( cg hl ocì`l `c }s} va}ijihi`l`c} vzamszlzag } cz lncgpc} `c vcz`ýg y zcmagmihilmiýg‟ '

j' Vl`zc Oinsch Lns}pïg Vza Ch vl`zc dc}sipl Oinsch Lns}pïg Vza Dsìzct ( esc jclpieimlà vaz ch ]] Dslg Vljha II( ch :3 `c

}cvpicojzc `c <922 ' Éh c}pljl cg hl mis`l` `c Oérima( vaz az`cg `c }s} }svcziazc}( `cìmìgà}c

amshplocgpc lh lva}pahlà'Mag aml}iýg `c sg lpcgplà magpzl ch vzc}i`cgpc Ajzcnýg( }smcìà ch <= `c gauicojzc `c <9:> (

esczag lvzc}là} y cdcmsplà} ha} lspazc} `ch nahvc( y mag chha} esczag plojiég es}ihlà} ch Vl`zc Vza y }sbczolga Bsojczpa( |sc czlg igamcgpc}( ch := `c gauicojzc `c <9:> '

Mloiga lh hsnlz `c es}ihloicgpa sga `c ha} lncgpc} hc vzcnsgpý }i hc vczàgljl' Ch Vl`zc hczc}vagìý4 *Ga }aha pc vczàga( }iga |sc pc c}pay }solocgpc lnzl`cmià* ' Hc ìdczag |sc crvs}iczl }sôhpioa `c}ca' Ch Vl`zc Vza ìda4 *Ya }ay lj}ahsplocgpc ldcga l c}pc l}sgpa''' Gicna pczoiglgpcocgpc bljcz pcgià lhnsgl vlzpimivlmiýg cg ch maovhap*' *\sicza |sc oc `cdcg sga} oaocgpa} vlzl zctlz y cgmaocg`lzoc lh ]cüaz* '

]c lzzaìhhý y ìda( cgpzc apzl} ma}l}4 *]cüaz( Pô }ljc} |sc }ay igamcgpc' Vczàga `c mazltýg l oi} cgcoina}*' Lgpc} `c zcmijiz hl `c}mlznl( ch V' Vza azý vaz }s} ucz`sna}4 *@ia} pcgnl maovl}iýg `c s}pc`c}*; y( plojiég ha} jcgìda4 *\sc @ia} ha} jcgìnl*' Crpcgìý ha} jzlta} cg mzst' Pcgïl ch Za}lzia cgsgl olga y ch Mzsmieida cg hl apzl' Crmhloý4 *¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,* '

C}l} esczag }s} ôhpiol} vlhljzl}( oicgpzl} sgl `c}mlznl cg}az`cmcàzl lbanl }s uat Cg}cnsi`l( sgaeimilh mag sg oìs}cz( hc ìa ch piza `c nzlmil'

Lüa} `c}vsé} ha} zc}pa} `ch Jclpa Oinsch Vza esczag pzl}hl`là} l hl vlzza|sil `c hl ]lnzl`lEloihil `c hl Mahagil Zaol' Pa`luïl cg ch mzìgca va`ïlg ucz}c ha} azieimia} `c ha} piza} `c nzlmil `là} cg}s cdcmsmiýg' Y sgl vlzpc vc|scül `c }s} bsc}a} }c `cva}ipý `cjlda `ch lhplz olyaz `c hl Jl}ïhiml `cNsl`lhsvc'



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igpczmc}iýg l }cz mlpýhima} ulhicgpc} y ga mc`cz lgpc hl pcgplmiagc} `c c}pc osgà' \sc gsc}pzl ui`l( maoa hl psyl( `c osmba ezspa vlzl nhazil `c @ia} y ch jicg `c hl} lhol}' Loég'

m' Jclpa Chïl} `ch ]amazza Gicuc} Ch vl`zc Chïl} `ch ]amazza Gicuc}( `c 00 lüa}( }c gicnl l ljlgàglz l }s} ncgpc}( |sc cg hl}

hl`czl} `ch Mshilmìg vcz`czìg }s l}i}pcgmil c}vizipslh' Ch zchinia}a }c c}magìý cg sgl mscul `c hl oagplül'Cg ha} oaocgpa} cg ha} |sc vzcucïl hl ls}cgmil `c ha} ec`czlhc} jldljl l }s vscjha vlzl mchcjzlz hlCsmlzi}pïl y lòigi}pzlz ha} }lmzlocgpa}' Crvzc}ljl4 *Paà }lmczàpc |sc vzcìml hl Vlhljzl `c @ia} cg picova `c vcz}cmsmiýg( ga picgc c}mlvlpazil( oazizì maoa Dc}smzi}pa cg hl Mzst( mag hl} olga} lpl`l}*'

Vcza sgl olülgl( `c}vsé} `c bljcz }ajzchhculà c}pl pczzijhc ui`l `szlgpc <0 oc}c}( }c mzstý magsg `c}plmlocgpa `c }ah`là}( hc `cpsuiczag igocìlplocgpc y hc }aocpiczag l sg igpczzanlpazia |sc escosy jzcuc( vsc} ch vl`zc Chïl} magec}ý igocìlplocgpc }s mziocg4 }cz }lmczàpc' Hc hhculzag l Hl Mlül`l(àg`c hl vajhlmiýg zcmijiý mag pczzaz hl gapimil' Sga `c ha} mlovc}iga} vlzza|silga} maocgtý l pzlplz magch cdézmipa }s hijczlmiýg' C}pljlg ì}vsc}pa} l lmcvplz mslh|sicz magìmiýg' Vcza ch vl`zc Chïl} }c gcnýzapsg`locgpc' Oicgpzl} c}pljl cg vzi}iýg( lvzaucmbý vlzl bljhlz }ajzc hl} nzlg`c} vzcnsgpl} `c hlcri}pcgmil bsolgl mag à} aeimilhc}' Sga `c chha} bljïl olgiec}plà cg vôjhima }s `c}ca `c maocz*msczipa} `c mszl*'

Hl olülgl `ch <6 `c olzta `c <9:2( oihiplzc} y vzi}iagcza} }c vs}iczag cg mloiga cg ìzcmmiýg `chvc|scüa mcgpza szjlga `c Mazpìtlz( `ch |sc `cvcg`ïl Hl Mlül`l' Cg hl vzioczl cplvl( ch mlvipìg( ezcgpc lhvchapýg( ìa hl az`cg `c es}ihlz l ha} à} lmaovlülgpc} `ch vl`zc( |sicgc} `c}vsé} `c bljcz}c magec}làmag éh( osziczag nziplgà *¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,*' Cg hl cplvl }smc}iul( l ha} vic} `c sg ezagà}a ìzjah( mslgàyl |sc`ljl vama vlzl hhcnlz l Mazpìtlz( ch mlvipìg }c ìziniý blmil ch vl`zc Chïl} ìmiégàhc4 *Lbazl hc pamll s}pc`' Uloa} l ucz }i oaziz c} maoa `cmiz Oi}l*' Ch zchinia}a zc}vagìý4 *Bl} ìmba hl ucz`l`( vsc} oazizvaz hl zchiniýg c} sg }lmzieimia nzlpa l @ia}*' Viìý sg oaocgpa `c zcmanioicgpa y `c}vsé} cgpzcný }s zchad lhmlvipìg( ìa hl jcgìmiýg l ha} }ah`là} |sc }c lzzaìhhlzag vlzl zcmijizhl( y maocgtý l zctlz ch lmpa `c ecoicgpzl} lh eagà }c c}msmbljl ch zsià `c hl} lzol} |sc }c vzcvlzljlg vlzl ì}vlzlz' ]s} ôhpiol}

vlhljzl} plojiég esczag4 *¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,*'

Esc jclpieimlà vaz ch Vlvl Dslg Vljha II ch <: `c ampsjzc `c <99>'

`' Vl`zc Mzi}pýjlh Olnlhhlgc} y maovlücza} oìzpizc} ‘Hl }ahcogi`l` `c bay [Mzi}pa Zcy_ ( `c}plmljl ]] Dslg Vljha II cg hl mczcoagil `c jclpieimlmiýg `c

ucigpi`ý} }lmczàpc} ìamc}lga} y hlima}( ch :: `c gauicojzc `c <99:( ig}pipsi`l vaz ch Vlvl Vïa RI vzcmi}locgpc mslgà oì} lzzcmiljl hl vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l `c Oérima( vcgcpzý osy bagà cg l|schhl} maosgi`l`c} cmhc}ilhc} y ìa sgl escztl vlzpimshlz l c}pa} oìzpizc}( `c olgczl |sc lh oaziz osmba} nzipljlg 4 ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, ‟ "''') *Ocìlgpc hl }lgnzc `c }s mzst*( plojiég chha} ìczag pc}pioagia `c |sc Mzi}pa c} zcy y vzamhlolzag }s zciga cg pa`l }s vlpzil( |sc cg c}c picova }c blhhljl }aocpi`l l vzscjl vaz sgl vcz}cmsmiýg }lgnzicgpl' @szlgpc hl} `szl} vzscjl} |sc @ia} vczoipiý |sc crvcziocgplzl }s Inhc}il cg

Oérima( blmc yl lhnsgl} `éml`l}( c}pa} oìzpizc} }sviczag vczolgcmcz eichc} lh ]cüaz( l }s} maosgi`l`c} cmhc}ilhc} y l hl hlznl pzlìmiýg mlpýhiml `ch vscjha ocrimlga' Mag ec ig|scjzlgpljhc zcmagamiczag maoa ôgima }ajczlga l Dc}smzi}pa( vaz|sc mag uiul c}vczlgtl lnslz`ljlg sg picova cg ch |sc uahuiczl l hl glmiýg ocrimlgl hl sgi`l` `c }s} bida} y `c }s} eloihil}' Mlzlmpczï}piml} `c ha} jclpieimlà}4 Lgpc} `c hl vcz}cmsmiýg sgl crvzc}iýg `c cdcovhlz ui`l }lmczàplh y cmhc}ilh; loaz l hl Csmlzi}pïl; y `cuamiýg l hl Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc‟'

Ch vl}là :< `c Olya `c :666 ( esczag mlgagitlà} c}pa} oìzpizc}' C}mcgl} `c nzlg mlzi`l`(vlmicgmil y bl}pl bsoaz olzmlzag ch bczaï}oa }cgmihha y ncgcza}a mag ch |sc ha} oìzpizc} ocrimlga}mlgagitlà} vaz ]] Dslg Vljha II cgpzcnlzag }s ui`l `szlgpc hl jzsplh *vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l*'

Ch zcmscgpa `c ha} bcmba} `cdl lôg bay sgl va`cza}l hcmmiýg `c ec( }cgmihhct y ulhcgpïl mzi}pilgl4 cg<9<34 V' @lui` Nlhuìg Jczoô`ct ( cg hl vcz}cmsmiýg `c Mlzzlgtl "=6/<); cg <9:54 V' Hsi} Jlpi} ]ligt ( y magéh pzc} echinzc}c} `c hl Lmmiýg Mlpýhiml( Olgsch Oazlhc} ( ml}là( ]lhulàz Hlzl Vscgpc ( y }s vzioa @lui` Zah`ìg Hlzl "<3/2)( plojiég jclpieimlà}; cg <9:>4 V' Olpca Mazzcl Olnlhhlgc} "5/:); V' Dcglza ]ìgmbct



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pc}pioagia mag gsc}pzl ui`l `c hl ec vaz hl |sc osziczag' Vaz Dc}smzi}pa gsc}pza ]cüaz' Loég'

`' Him' Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct Ehazc} Aznlgitý hl Sgiýg Vavshlz cg Dlhi}ma( iovsh}ý hl L}amilmiýg Mlpýhiml `c hl Dsucgps` Ocrimlgl( y }c

ì}pignsiý maoa vzaec}az( azlàz y c}mzipaz mlpýhima' Ch Olc}pza Mhcpa ( maoa }ahïlg `cmizhc mag zc}vcpa ylecmpa( czl sg mlpýhima osy vilà}a; lh eiglh `ch ]lgpa Za}lzia( ha} mzi}pcza} `c Dlhi}ma lül`ïlg c}pl azlmiýgmaovsc}pl vaz éh4 *¬Dc}ô} oi}czimazìa}a, Oi} vcmlà} }ag oì} |sc hl} napl} `c }lgnzc |sc `czzlol}pc vaz oï' Ga oczctma vczpcgcmcz lh cdézmipa |sc `ceicg`c ha} `czcmba} `c ps Inhc}il y |sc hsmbl vaz pi'\si}iczl gsgml bljcz vcmlà vlzl |sc oi ui`l esczl sgl aezcg`l lnzl`ljhc l ps} ada}' Hìuloc `c oi} igi|si`l`c} y hïoviloc `c oi} vcmlà}' Vaz ps }lgpl Mzst( vaz oi Ol`zc ]lgpï}iol `c Nsl`lhsvc(vcz`ýgloc( ga bc }ljià blmcz vcgipcgmil `c oi} vcmlà}; vaz c}a |sicza zcmijiz hl osczpc maoa sg ml}pina oczcmià vaz chha}' Ga |sicza vchclz( gi uiuiz gi oaziz( }iga vaz pi y vaz ps Inhc}il' ¬Ol`zc ]lgpl `c Nsl`lhsvc,( lmaovlül cg }s lnagïl l c}pc vajzc vcmlàz' Magmé`coc |sc oi ôhpioa nzipa cg hl piczzl y oi vziocz mìgpima cg ch micha }cl ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,* '

Ch < `c ljzih `c <9:> esc lvzc}là mag pzc} osmblmba} mahljazlàzc} }sya}( ha} bczolga} Ulznl}(

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Ch <9 `c }cvpicojzc `c <99> ( ch Mlz`cglh Dslg ]lgàulh Iüinsct( Lztaji}va `c Nsl`lhldlzl ( ìa vazmagmhsià ch vzamc}a ìamc}lga |sc vczoipizì hl jclpieimlmiýg `c amba dlhimicg}c} "glpszlhc} `c Dlhi}ma)oìzpizc} `c hl nsczzl mzi}pczl' @szlgpc hl jzcuc mczcoagil zclhitl`l cg ch ]lgpslzia `c Gsc}pzl ]cüazl `cNsl`lhsvc( |sc vs}a eig l <36 }c}iagc} `c pzljlda cecmpsl`l} cg ha} ôhpioa} pzc} lüa}( ch Mlz`cglh]lgàulh crvhimý |sc hl} amba mls}l} vl}lzìg l hl Magnzcnlmiýg vlzl hl Mls}l `c ha} ]lgpa} cg chUlpimlga( àg`c magpigslzì hl ôhpiol cplvl lgpc} `c }cz chculà} l ha} lhplzc}' Hl mls}l `c ha} amba



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Ch àoigna :6 `c gauicojzc `c :663 esc jclpieimlà jlda ch nzipa *Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy ‟( dsgpa l àmc

oìzpizc} `c hl vcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l4 Hsi} Vlìhhl Nýoct( Daznc Ulznl} Nagtìhct( Zloýg Ulznl} Nagtìhct(Ctc|sich Bsczpl Nspiézzct( ]lhulàz Bsczpl Nspiézzct( Hsi} Olnlül ]czuïg( Oinsch Nýoct Hatl( HcaglzàVézct Hlzia} y Da}é ]ìgmbct `ch Zïa y ha} }lmczàpc} Da}é Pzigi`l` Zlgnch( Ìgnch @lzïa Lma}pl y Lg`zé}]ahì( c}pc ôhpioa c}vlüah'

Cg gaojzc `ch Vlvl( vzc}iìý hl mchcjzlmiýg ch mlz`cglh vazpsnsé} Da}é ]lzliul Olzpig}( vzcecmpa`c hl Magnzcnlmiýg ulpimlgl vlzl hl} Mls}l} `c ha} ]lgpa}( cg ch C}plìa Dlhi}ma `c Nsl`lhldlzl' Bazl}lgpc} `c hl jclpieimlmiýg( lh zctlz ch Ìgnchs}( Jcgcìmpa RUI ìziniý sg }lhsà cg ml}pchhlga l «oi} bczolga} aji}va} `c Oérima( l ha} }lmczàpc}( zchinia}a}( zchinia}l} y eichc} |sc( cg hl lz|siìýmc}i} `c Nsl`lhldlzl(vlzpimivlg cg hl jclpieimlmiýg `c ha} oìzpizc} »' «Cg c}pl }ahcogi`l` `c Dc}smzi}pa( Zcy `ch sgiucz}a( lh |sc iguamlzag cg ch oaocgpa }svzcoa `c cgpzcnlz }s ui`l( chha} }ag vlzl ga}apza} sg cdcovha vczolgcgpc y sg c}pïosha vlzl `lz sg pc}pioagia mabczcgpc `c hl vzavil ec cg hl }amic`l` lmpslh »( l}cnszý ch vagpïeimc'

Cg hl mczcoagil( magmchcjzl`l vaz ch Lztaji}va `c Nsl`lhldlzl( Mlz`cglh Dslg ]lgàulh Iüinsct( y`cmcgl} `c aji}va} y }lmczàpc} vzamc`cgpc} `c paà Oérima( ch Mlz`cglh ]lzliul Olzpig} hcyý hl mlzpllva}pýhiml eizol`l vaz ch Vlvl Jcgcìmpa RUI cg hl |sc `cmhlzl jclpa} l ha} pzcmc oìzpizc}' Cg }s baoihïl( ch

Mlz`cglh Vzcecmpa ìda4

<' ]lhsà( c}vcmilhocgpc( l ha} coigcgpï}ioa} }cüazc} mlz`cglhc}( l ha} crmchcgpï}ioa} }cüazc}aji}va}( l hl} zc}vcpljhc} lspazi`l`c}( l ha} }lmczàpc} y eichc} |sc }ag `c hl} ìýmc}i} cgàg`c c}pa} oìzpizc} glmiczag a `czzlolzag }s }lgnzc' L`coì}( ìzida oi }lhsà plojiég l ha}eloihilzc} `c c}pa} gscua} jclpa}( y oc sga l }s lmmiýg `c nzlmil}'

«Ch ]cüaz c} oi vl}paz( gl`l oc elhplzì» "]lh ::( <)' Hl Inhc}il cg c}pc `ïl vzamhlol l Dc}smzi}pamaoa Zcy `ch Sgiucz}a' Hl iolncg `c zcy/vl}paz |sc zcmanc ch vzaecpl Ctc|sich( }c i`cgpieiml vhcglocgpcmag Dc}smzi}pa( ch jscg Vl}paz |sc `l hl ui`l vaz }s} aucdl} "Dg <6( <<)( |sicg mag}sol`l }s oi}iýg(cgpzcnlzì ch Zciga l }s Vl`zc vlzl |sc @ia} }cl paà cg pa`l} hl} ma}l} "Me' < Maz <3( :0/:2)' Éh c} chVl}paz y Zcy `c hl bsolgi`l` |sc mag`smc l }s zcjlüa blmil escgpc} pzlg|sihl}( oa}pzlgà c}vcmilh

}ahimips` vaz l|schhl} aucdl} bczi`l} y crpzluil`l}'

L`coì}( Mzi}pa c} Zcy( vsc} Éh c} ch «vzioanégipa `c pa`l hl mzclmiýg( vaz|sc cg Éh esczag mzcl`l}pa`l} hl} ma}l}''' Éh c} ch vzigmivia''' vsc} @ia} psua l jicg blmcz zc}iìz cg Éh pa`l hl vhcgips` y zcmagmihilzvaz Éh y vlzl Éh pa`l} hl} ma}l}» "Mah <( <3'<>/:6)( plh maoa ha leizol ch lvý}pah ]lg Vljha'

:' C}pl ]ahcogi`l` `c Mzi}pa Zcy picgc sg }ingieimlà osy c}vcmilh vlzl ch vscjha ocrimlga' ChVlvl Vïa RI( lh eiglhitlz ch Lüa }lgpa `c <9:3( vzamhloý c}pl eic}pl vlzl hl Inhc}il Sgiucz}lh' Vama} oc}c}`c}vsé}( igimilzïl cg c}pl} piczzl} hl vcz}cmsmiýg magpzl hl ec mlpýhiml( y jlda ch nzipa `c ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,oazizïlg osmba} bida} `c hl Inhc}il( zcmagamià} maoa oìzpizc}( `c ha} mslhc} <= bay blg }ià jclpieimlà}'

Ha} oìzpizc} }ag ha} pc}pina} vziuihcnilà} `c hl zclhctl `c Mzi}pa' Cg chha} bljïl sgl magmicgmilmhlzl `c |sc ch zciglà `c loaz `c Mzi}pa `cjïl }cz ig}plszlà( lsg l ma}pl `c }s vzavil ui`l' Inslhocgpc(hl ec `c ha} oìzpizc} c} sgl ec vzajl`l( maoa lpc}pinsl hl }lgnzc |sc vaz chhl blg `czzlolà "]lg Lns}pïg(]czoýg =:9)' Chha}( dsgpa mag paà} ha} }lgpa}( }ag ha} jcgìpa} |sc blg "hc paolz va}c}iýg `ch Zcigavzcvlzlà vlzl chha}( `c}`c hl mzclmiýg `ch osgà "Me' Op :3( =0)( maoa c}msmbloa} cg ch Culgnchialvcgl} vzamhlolà'

:' L`coì}( c}pl eic}pl l`|siczc cg c}pc `ïl sg }ingieimlà vlzpimshlz' Bay hl Inhc}il `c Oérima magpcovhl( mag }ignshlz lhcnzïl( hl ec y hl eazplhctl `c c}pa} <= ulzagc}( |sicgc} cg ch zcmagamioicgpa `ch zciglà `c Mzi}pa aezcmiczag }s} ui`l} `c sgl olgczl bczaiml cgpzc ha} lüa}

`c <9:> y <9:2' Cg }ipslmiagc} lùcz}l} y cg ìeczcgpc} Inhc}il} vlzpimshlzc}( c}pa} bida} eichc} `c hl Inhc}il ìczag sg pc}pioagia haljhc `c ha} maovzaoi}a} l`|sizià} ch `ïl `c }s jlspi}oa(



:3

hanzlgà }cz mlvlmc} `c `czzlolz }s }lgnzc vaz loaz l Mzi}pa y l }s Inhc}il( |sc czl igds}plocgpc vcz}cnsi`l'

@c cgpzc c}pa} <= gscua} jclpa}( c} }ingieimlpiua |sc ìct esczag hlima}( aziniglzia} `c ha} c}plà}`c Dlhi}ma( Oimbalmìg y Nslgldslpa' Hl olyaz vlzpc `c c}pa} hlima} czlg ml}là} y eazolzag eloihil} mzi}pilgl}; ha} `coì}( }i jicg ga esczag ml}là}( czlg oicojza} `c eloihil} mzi}pilgl} vilà}l} y `c zcmil} ma}psojzc}'

L}ioi}oa( c}pc gscua nzsva `c oìzpizc} mscgpl mag pzc} }lmczàpc}( |sc osziczag vaz `c}covcülzbczaimlocgpc }s oigi}pczia }lmczàplh y oi}iaglh( maoa esc ch ml}a `ch oi}iagcza mhlzcpilga c}vlüah( Lg`zé}]ahì Oahi}p( M'O'E'( |sicg osziý( `c}vsé} `c sgl hlznl y vcga}l lnagïl( dsgpa mag ch Vl`zc Da}é Pzigi`l`Zlgnch y ch hlima Hcaglzà Vézct Hlzia}( cg hl} piczzl} `ch c}plà `c Nslgldslpa' @c inslh olgczl y cgmizmsg}plgmil} }ioihlzc}( ch }lmczàpc uczlmzstlga( Ìgnch @lzïl Lma}pl( |sicg ga c}mlpioý }s} ocdazc}c}esczta} vlzl cdczmcz }s oigi}pczia }lmczàplh cg sg mhiol lùcz}a y `c vcz}cmsmiýg( y zcmijiý ch olzpizia' Lcdcovha `c Dc}smzi}pa( ch Jscg Vl}paz( c}pa} }lmczàpc}( dsgpa mag ha} :: }lmczàpc} ocrimlga} ìamc}lga}mlgagitlà} cg Zaol `szlgpc ch Nzlg Dsjihca `c hl Cgmlzglmiýg `ch Lüa :666( vaz ch Vlvl Dslg Vljha II(}ag sg oa`cha y cdcovha `c mlzi`l` y mcha vl}pazlh bczaima}( vzigmivlhocgpc vlzl paà} ha} }lmczàpc}ocrimlga}'

=' Hl hi}pl `c c}pa} jclpa} c}pì cgmljctl`l vaz Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct Ehazc}( |sicg `czzloý }s}lgnzc dsgpa mag ha} bczolga} Daznc y Zloýg Ulznl} Nagtìhct( lh inslh mag Hsi} VlìhhlNýoct( cg c}pl mis`l`' Jlda ch nzipa «Ya oscza( vcza @ia} ga osczc»' ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy,»' Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct Ehazc} cgpzcnljl }s ui`l lh Mzclàz `c}vsé} `c sgl ui`l `c igpcg}l vic`l`y `c sg ecmsgà y ls`lt lva}pahlà' @szlgpc }s ui`l( `c}vsé} `c zcmijiz sgl }ýhi`l eazolmiýgbsolgl y mzi}pilgl( }c `cìmý l hsmblz vaz ha} `czcmba} `c ha} oì} `c}vzapcnià}' Magamcàzeich `c hl @ampzigl ]amilh `c hl Inhc}il js}mý( l hl hst `ch Culgnchia( `cecg`cz ha} `czcmba}chcocgplhc} `c ha} mzi}pilga}( cg sgl évaml `c vcz}cmsmiýg'

@cgpza `c ha} `czcmba} |sc oì} `cecgìý Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct y }s} maovlücza} oìzpizc}( }ccgmagpzljl ch `c hl hijczpl` zchinia}l; `czcmba |sc }c `c}vzcg`c `c hl oi}ol ìngi`l` bsolgl' Maoa}cülhl ch Magmihia Ulpimlga ID( «c}pl hijczpl` mag}i}pc cg |sc paà} ha} baojzc} blg `c c}plz igosgc} `c

malmmiýg( plgpa vaz vlzpc `c igìui`sa} maoa `c nzsva} }amilhc} y `c mslh|sicz vapc}pl` bsolgl( y c}pa `cplh olgczl |sc( cg olpczil zchinia}l( gi }c ajhinsc l glìc l ajzlz magpzl }s magmicgmil( gi }c hc iovi`l |sclmpôc mageazoc l chhl cg vziulà y cg vôjhima( }aha a l}amilà mag apza}( `cgpza `c ha} hïoipc} `cjià}»"«@ingiplpi} Bsolglc»( :)'

Oauià} vaz sg vzaesgà loaz l Dc}smzi}pa y lh vzýdioa( c}pa} gscua} jclpa} `cecgìczag vlmïeimlocgpc c}pc `czcmba( lsg mag }s vzavil }lgnzc' Chha}( hcda} `c luiulz ha} cgezcgploicgpa} }lgnzicgpa}( js}mlzag hl uïl vlmïeiml y magmihilàzl |sc hc} zcmagamiczl c}pc y apza} `czcmba} esg`locgplhc}( |sc bljïlg }ià gcnlà} l ha} mlpýhima} ocrimlga}' Vaz ch magpzlzia( Lglmhcpa Nagtìhct y maovlücza} oìzpizc}( js}mlzag }cz( cg hl ocì`l `c }s} va}ijihi`l`c}( lncgpc} `c vcz`ýg y elmpazc} `c sgi`l` cg sgl évaml cg |sc ch vscjha }c cgmagpzljl ìuiìà'

3' Magucgmià} `c |sc «hl ui`l c} Mzi}pa( y hl osczpc sgl nlglgmil» "Ehv <( :<) gsc}pza} oìzpizc}lhiocgplzag c}c `c}ca vaz hl ezcmscgpc vlzpimivlmiýg y làzlmiýg `c hl ]lnzl`l Csmlzi}pïl' Cecmpiulocgpc( hlvzaesg`l `cuamiýg csmlzï}piml c} sga `c ha} zl}na} maosgc} `c c}pa} <= oìzpizc}' Paà} chha}( }lmczàpc}y hlima}( oa}pzlzag sg }ignshlz loaz l Dc}smzi}pa cg hl Csmlzi}pïl' C} `c c}vcmilh ocgmiýg |sc pzc} `c ¬a}gscua} jclpa}( ha} bczolga} Ctc|sich y ]lhulàz Bsczpl Nspiézzct( lh inslh |sc Hsi} Olnlül ]czuïg( esczagoicojza} `c hl L}amilmiýg Gampszgl `ch ]lgpï}ioa ]lmzlocgpa; L}amilmiýg `c hlznl pzlìmiýg cg ch vscjhaocrimlga' @c hl azlmiýg ezcmscgpc y eczuicgpc `chlgpc `ch ]lgpï}ioa ]lmzlocgpa( c}pa} bczolga} gsc}pza} ajpsuiczag hl eazplhctl }ajzcglpszlh `c }avazplz mzi}pilglocgpc ch olzpizia( hhcnlgà( igmhs}a( l vczàglz l }s} oi}oa} ucz`sna}'

Hl igpcg}l ui`l csmlzï}piml `c c}pa} jclpa} `cjc }cz vlzl ga}apza} sg cdcovha y lhicgpa vlzllmzcmcgplz( ml`l uct oì} gsc}pzl vzavil ui`l csmlzï}piml' L vama} `ïl} `c bljcz magmhsià ch Lüa `c hlCsmlzi}pïl( y l sg lüa `c hl nata}l mchcjzlmiýg `ch RHUIII Magnzc}a Csmlzï}pima Igpczglmiaglh( hhculà lmlja cg c}pl |sczi`l mis`l` `c Nsl`lhldlzl( vcìoa} hl igpczmc}iýg `c c}pa} eichc} bida} `c hl Inhc}il vlzl

|sc ga} lys`cg l lmzcmcgplz ch zc}vcpa( hl lmpiul vlzpimivlmiýg y hl ìngl zcmcvmiýg `c Dc}smzi}pa vzc}cgpccg hl Csmlzi}pïl' L chha} hc} vcìoa}( l`coì}( hl nzlmil `c }cz bsoih`c} làzlàzc} `ch ]lgpï}ioa



:5

]lmzlocgpa( plh chha} ha esczag' \sc ch cdcovha `c }s ui`l `c cgpzcnl bl}pl ch olzpizia( }cl vlzl ga}apza} sgoa`cha vziuihcnilà `c lspégpiml c}vizipslhi`l` y `c vzaesg`l ui`l csmlzï}piml'

>' Vaz }s ulhcgpïl y mazpl c`l`( oczcmc sgl c}vcmilh ocgmiýg ch làhc}mcgpc Da}é ]ìgmbct `ch Zïa(aziniglzia `c ]lbslya( Oimbalmìg( |sicg l hl c`l` `c <0 lüa}( }sva `lz sg pc}pioagia ulhcza}a `cDc}smzi}pa' Esc sg cdcovhlz bida `c eloihil( |sc }c ì}pignsiý vaz }s ajcìcgmil( vic`l` y c}vïzips `c}czuimia' @c}`c ha} maoicgta} `c hl vcz}cmsmiýg cg éh }c `c}vczpý ch `c}ca `c }cz oìzpiz `c Mzi}pa'Czl plh }s maguimmiýg `c |sczcz `czzlolz }s }lgnzc vaz Mzi}pa( |sc lòizljl l |sicgc} ha magamïlg'Vsà zcmijiz hl vlhol `ch olzpizia( `c}vsé} `c }cz pazpszlà y `c ìziniz l }s} vl`zc} c}pl} ôhpiol}vlhljzl}4 «ga} uczcoa} cg ch micha' ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, ¬Uiul hl Uizncg `c Nsl`lhsvc,»'

Ch daucg jclpa Da}é ]ìgmbct `ch Zïa ga} `cjc lgiolz l paà}( vzigmivlhocgpc l s}pc`c} dýucgc}(vlzl }cz mlvlmc} `c `lz pc}pioagia `c Mzi}pa cg gsc}pzl ui`l ìlzil' \sczià} dýucgc}( vzajljhcocgpcMzi}pa ga hc} vi`l ch `czzloloicgpa `c }s }lgnzc( vcza }ï hc} vi`c( `c}`c lbazl( `lz pc}pioagia `c hl ucz`l`cg }s} ui`l} "Me' Dg <2( =>); cg ocìa `c sg lojicgpc `c igìeczcgmil l ha} ulhazc} pzl}mcg`cgplhc} y `c sgolpczilhi}oa y bcàgi}oa |sc js}ml }aeamlz hl} magmicgmil}' Mzi}pa c}vczl( l`coì}( }s lvczpszl vlzlva`cz zcmijiz y lmancz sg vzaycmpa uamlmiaglh vaz Éh vzcvlzlà' ]ýha Éh picgc( vlzl ml`l sga `c s}pc`c}( hl}zc}vsc}pl} l ha} igpczzanlgpc} `c }s} ui`l}; y ha} iguipl l }cnsizha cg hl ui`l olpzioagilh( }lmczàplh azchinia}l'

2' «Ucgnlg jcgìpa} `c oi Vl`zc( paocg va}c}iýg `ch Zciga vzcvlzlà vlzl s}pc`c} `c}`c hlmzclmiýg `ch osgà» "Op :3( =0)'

9'Gsc}pza} oìzpizc} `cjcg }cz plojiég vlzl ga}apza} sg oa`cha `c loaz igmagìmiaglh l @ia} y lh

vzýdioa' Ch cdcovha `c }s ui`l c igpczmc}iýg `cjcg lys`lzga} l uiuiz ncgcza}locgpc gsc}pzl ui`l( `c mlzl lha} `coì}( zcmaz`ìgàga} }icovzc `c hl} vlhljzl} `c Dc}ô}4 «Mslgà ha bimiczag mag ch oì} ig}ingieimlgpc`c oi} bczolga}( magoina ha bimiczag» "Op :3( 36)'

Hl mlzi`l` |sc c}ploa} hhlolà} l uiuiz( ch olg`loicgpa gscua "Dg <=( =0)( }svczl paà hïoipciovsc}pa vaz sgl hýniml bsolgl y cnaï}pl' ]c pzlpl `c sgl mlzi`l` |sc }c pzl`smc cg sgi`l`( zc}vcpa(}czuimia( lys`l ceimlt y cecmpiul lh gcmc}iplà; `c sgl mlzi`l` uiui`l( osmbl} ucmc}( `c olgczl bczaiml(

`cgpza `c hl oi}ol eloihil y esczl `c chhl; `c sgl mlzi`l` |sc( l cdcovha `c Mzi}pa y `c }s} oìzpizc}( c}pì}icovzc ì}vsc}pl l vczàglz'

L}ioi}oa( gsc}pza} gscua} jclpa} plojiég oczcmcg ch zcmagamioicgpa `c bljcz }ià bida}ei`chï}ioa} `c hl Inhc}il Mlpýhiml y `c hl vcz}agl `ch Zaolga Vagpïeimc' Hc} vcìoa}( plojiég vlzlga}apza}( sgl ei`chi`l` bczaiml l hl Inhc}il y l hl vcz}agl y cg}cülgtl} `ch Zaolga Vagpïeimc( vsc} chha}}ag vlzl ga}apza} Sgl hcnïpiol crvzc}iýg `c hl ezl}c |sc plgpa ns}pljl zcvcpiz lh Vlvl Dslg Vljha II4«¬Oérima( }icovzc eich,»'

«Paà} ha} picova} }ag `c olzpizia» //lùiczpc ]lg Lns}pïg `c Bivagl "]czoýg 5)// vsc}( «paà}ha} |sc |siczcg uiuiz vilà}locgpc cg Mzi}pa Dc}ô}( vl`cmczìg vcz}cmsmiýg» ": Pio =( <:)' \sczià}bczolga}4 uiuiz vhcglocgpc gsc}pzl cgpzcnl eich y `c paà} ha} `ïl} l Mzi}pa( y vaz loaz Éh l paà} ha}baojzc}( iovhiml osmba} }lmzieimia} y zcgsgmil}' Ga aj}plgpc( Mzi}pa c}plzì }icovzc ì}vsc}pa l `lzga} hleazplhctl gcmc}lzil vlzl va`cz }czuizha y lolzha cg gsc}pza} bczolga}( vzigmivlhocgpc cg ha} oì}`c}ulhià} y gcmc}iplà} `c gsc}pza loaz( maovzcg}iýg y vcz`ýg'

2' Eiglhocgpc( c}pa} <= bida} eichc} `c hl Inhc}il( pcgïlg apza zl}na cg maoôg' L`coì} `c }s igpcg}lui`l csmlzï}piml( }c ì}pignsiczag vaz }s eihilh `cuamiýg l hl Ol`zc `c @ia}( cg }s lùamlmiýg `c ]lgpl Olzïl`c Nsl`lhsvc' Hl olyazïl `c chha}( maoa ha} apza} }lgpa} oìzpizc} ocrimlga} yl mlgagitlà}( osziczagmag }s gaojzc cg ha} hljia}' L chhl hc vcìoa} }s olpczglh vzapcmmiýg( osy c}vcmilhocgpc vaz paà chvscjha ocrimlga( lh inslh |sc vaz paà ch magpigcgpc( vlzl |sc ch cgps}il}oa }c mag}czuc y lmzcmicgpc'

Dsgpa l chhl( hl Ol`zc `c hl Gscul Culgnchitlmiýg( `loa} nzlmil} lh Vl`zc vaz c}pa} gscua}jclpa}' @c hl oi}ol olgczl( `coa} nzlmil} vaz hl Inhc}il `c Oérima( |sc ga `cdl `c `lz ezspa} `c }lgpi`l`'\sc Mzi}pa Zcy( ch jscg Vl}paz( zcigc cg ml`l sga y cg paà} gsc}pza} mazltagc}' ¬Uiul Mzi}pa Zcy, ¬Uiul]lgpl Olzïl `c Nsl`lhsvc, Loég'

c' ]lg Zlelch Nsïtlz Ulhcgmil( aji}va oi}iagcza



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Vziocz aji}va }lgpa glmià cg Loéziml Hlpigl( mlgagitlà ch <3 `c ampsjzc vaz Jcgcìmpa RUI' Lzpïmsha vsjhimlà cg ch ìlzia «H’A}}czulpazc Zaolga» vaz ch vl`zc Vc`za Jlzzldýg( H'M'( vzaec}az

`c Pcahanïl cg ch Lpcgca Vagpieimia «Zcnigl Lva}pahazso»'

Hl Inhc}il `c Oérima }c vzcvlzl vlzl hl mlgagitlmiýg `ch vziocz }lgpa aji}va ocrimlga; y ga }ýha`c Oérima }iga `c Loéziml Hlpigl c igmhs}a `c pa`l Loéziml4 Zlelch Nsïtlz Ulhcgmil "<2>2/<9=2)' Ch VlvlJcgcìmpa RUI ha vzamhlolzì }lgpa ch vzýrioa <3 `c ampsjzc dsgpa mag Echivc ]olhàgc( esg`làz `chIg}pipspa `c hl} Bczolgl} ]lhc}ilgl} `c ha} ]lnzlà} Mazltagc}( Za}l Ucgczigi( esg`làzl `c hlMagnzcnlmiýg `c hl} Olc}pzl} Vïl} Ucgczigi y Pbéaàzc Nsézig( esg`làzl `c hl Magnzcnlmiýg `c hl}Bczolgl} `c hl Vzaui`cgmil `c ]lgpl Olzïl «l` Gcos}»' ]lg Zlelch plojiég zclhitý ch igpcgpa `c esg`lzsgl Magnzcnlmiýg zchinia}l( ha} Oi}iagcza} `c Gsc}pzl ]cüazl `c hl C}vczlgtl( vcza hl} uimi}ips`c}bi}pýziml} `c }s vlpzil ga }c ha vczoipiczag'

Glmiý cg Mapidl `c hl Vlt( cg ch c}plà `c Oimbalmìg( piczzl ecmsg`l cg uamlmiagc} }lmczàplhc}(`c sgl gsocza}l eloihil mlpýhiml cg ch lüa <9>2( ch oi}oa lüa cg |sc }sjc l hl mìpc`zl vagpieimil ch VlvlHcýg RIII' L ha} gscuc lüa} |sc`l bsézelga `c ol`zc( @aül Glpiui`l`( |sc }c ì}pignsiý vaz }s vic`l` y }sloaz vaz ha} oì} vajzc}' L ha} àmc lüa} maoicgtl ha} c}psìa} cg ch mahcnia ]lg C}plgi}hla( ìzinià vazha} Vl`zc} `c hl Maovlüïl `c Dc}ô} y sg lüa `c}vsé} cg ch }coiglzia lsrihilz `c Mapidl' Vcza `c}vsé} `csg vczïaà `c picova( `cmi`c `cdlz ch }coiglzia vlzl lys`lz l }s vl`zc cg ha} pzljlda} `c hl blmicg`l

lnzïmahl eloihilz' Sgl nzlmil c}vcmilh c igc}vczl`l cg ch }lgpslzia olzilga `c hl Uizncg `c ]lg Dslg `chJlzzia( mslgà pcgïl <2 lüa} `c c`l`( ha hhcul l ignzc}lz cg ch }coiglzia `c Tloazl' Ch 9 `c dsgia `c <966zcmijc ch ìlmaglà y sg lüa `c}vsé} ch < `c dsgia `c <96<( hl az`cglmiýg }lmczàplh cg hl mlpc`zlh `c c}ploi}ol mis`l`'

Igimil }s oigi}pczia }lmczàplh lmaovlülgà lh aji}va lsrihilz `c Tloazl( Oag}' Da}é OlzïlEczgìg`ct cg oi}iagc} vavshlzc} vaz hl} ìucz}l} vajhlmiagc} `c hl crpcg}l ìýmc}i} y }c ì}pignsc vaz }smcha lzìcgpc vaz hl }lhulmiýg `c hl} lhol}( }s vzcìmlmiýg eana}l y hhcgl `c `cuamiýg vaz ch ]lnzlàMazltýg `c Dc}ô} y l hl Uizncg ]lgpï}iol l}ï maoa vaz sg loaz `c vzcìhcmmiýg vaz ha} vajzc} yvcmlàzc}' Lh oi}oa picova c} ìzcmpaz c}vizipslh y vzaec}az `ch }coiglzia `c Tloazl' Cg <96= nc}piaglpaà} ha} pzìoipc} vlzl hl czcmmiýg `ch vziocz mahcnia pczc}ilga cg hl zcvôjhiml ocrimlgl cg Tloazl' Mag }sbczolga Lgpagia( plojiég }lmczàpc( esg`l hl Magnzcnlmiýg `c Gsc}pzl ]cüazl `c hl C}vczlgtl `cìml`l

l hl eazolmiýg `c oi}iagcza}' Cg <963 jlda }s vlpzamigia }c ljzc sg mahcnia cg Dlmagl y lhnsga} lüa}`c}vsé}( cg <962( apza cg Pshlgmigna'

@c}vsé} `c }ci} lüa} `c igpcg}l y cripa}l lmpiui`l` vl}pazlh( cg <96>( hc hhcnl `c oaà igc}vczlàhl }s}vcg}iýg l ìuigi} vaz vlzpc `c }s aji}va( oapiul`l vaz lms}lmiagc} mlhsogia}l}' Ch daucg vl`zcZlelch Nsïtlz `l cg c}pc vczïaà pc}pioagia `c sgl ec esczpc y ol`szl( `c sgl ajcìcgmil cdcovhlz y `c sgloaz igmagìmiaglh l hl Inhc}il y l }s aji}va' Sgl uct hculgpl`l c}pl vcgl( cg <969( }c }insc `cìmlgà loi}iaglz( c}pl uct cg Pljl}ma y l hl jô}|sc`l `c eagà} vlzl ch vcziýìma mlpýhima Hl Glmiýg'

Oicgpzl} plgpa hhcnlg l Oérima uicgpa} `c zcuahsmiýg y ch vl`zc Nsïtlz `cjc }lhiz `c Tloazl(lma}l`l vaz ha} ìucz}a} cdézmipa} zcuahsmiaglzia}' Cgpagmc} maoicgtl l cdczmiplz }s oigi}pczia }lmczàplhcg eazol mhlg`c}pigl' Cg c}pc vczïaà }c ì}pignsc vaz }s lzzada vlzl lzza}pzlz ha} oì} nzluc} vchinza} magplh `c lpcg`cz c}vizipslhocgpc l ha} oazijsgà} y l ha} cgeczoa}' @c oaà c}vcmilh osc}pzl }s ulhaz y }smlzi`l` vl}pazlh cg hl l}i}pcgmil l ha} oazijsgà} cg hl `cmcgl pzìniml `c <9<='

Mag`cglà l osczpc cg ulzil} aml}iagc}( hanzl c}mlvlz vzaui`cgmilhocgpc mag hl lys`l `c }s uiuaigncgia' Vcza }s vczolgcgmil cg ch vlï} ga vsc`c vzahagnlz}c y picgc |sc }lhiz zsoja lh crihia( vziocza cg<9<3( lh c}plà gazpcloczimlga `c Pcrl} y `c l|sï l Nslpcolhl( cg <9<5 y eiglhocgpc l hl i}hl `c Msjl|sc }czì pc}pina `c }s ecmsgà lva}pahlà oi}iagcza vaz sg vczïaà `c pzc} lüa} "<9<>/<9:6)' Oicgpzl}oi}iagl cg c}pl i}hl `ch Mlzijc cg dshia `c <9<9 ch `chcnlà lva}pýhima vlzl Msjl y ch Mlzijc( Oag}' PipaPzambi( hc maosgiml ch `c}ca `ch Vlvl Jcgcìmpa RU `c gaojzlzha aji}va `c Uczlmzst'Cg gauicojzc `ch oi}oa lüa zcmijc hl mag}lnzlmiýg cvi}mavlh cg hl inhc}il `c ]lg Echivc Gczi `c HlBljlgl `c olga} `ch `chcnlà lva}pýhima' Ch vziocza `c cgcza `ch lüa }insicgpc }lhc `c Msjl cg ch js|scHl C}vczlgtl mag ìzcmmiýg lh vsczpa `c Uczlmzst' Hl ìýmc}i} |sc hc c}vczl c} igocg}l mag mczml `c}cpcgpl y à} oih kihýocpza} msl`zlà} `c crpcg}iýg y ambamicgpa} kihýocpza} `c ma}pl; }s vajhlmiýg

hhcnljl cg hl évaml l oì} `c sg oihhýg à}micgpl} oih vcz}agl} `c hl} mslhc} sg ambcgpl vaz micgpa czlglglheljcpa}' Hl vajhlmiýg ig`ïncgl czl osy chcul`l y uiuïl cg crpzcol} magìmiagc} `c vajzctl' Osmba}



:2

ga bljhljlg ch ml}pchhlga; }c maosgimljlg cg }s} iìaol} glpiua}4 ch gìbslph( ch papaglma( ch bsl}pcma( chvavahsml( ch apaoï' Elhpljlg uïl} `c maosgimlmiýg' L osmba} hsnlzc} }ýha }c lmmc`ïl l mljlhha'Gsocza}a} osgimivia} mlzcmïlg `c hst chémpziml( `c lnsl vapljhc y `c ha} }czuimia} oì} chcocgplhc}'

Cgmscgpzl sgl ìýmc}i} lzzl}l`l vaz hl} hcyc} vcz}cmspazil}4 ch cìeimia `ch }coiglzia bl }iàmagei}mlà; ha} }coiglzi}pl} ga vsc`cg msz}lz }s} c}psìa} cg hl ìýmc}i}; `cjcg iz l ha} }coiglzia} `c hl}ìýmc}i} ucmigl}' ]ýha bly sga} 56 }lmczàpc}' Hl Inhc}il mlzcmc vzìmpimlocgpc `c jicgc} olpczilhc} vazhl} magei}mlmiagc} zclhitl`l} vaz hl} lspazi`l`c}'

Lh hhcnlz l Uczlmzst ch 0 `c cgcza `c <9:6 hc `lg hl gapimil `c |sc sg pczzcoapa `c nzlg olngips`bl l}ahlà jscgl vlzpc `c ha} vajhlà} sjimlà} cg hl ]iczzl Ol`zc Azicgplh' Oag}' Nsïtlz iguipl l ha}eichc} l mahljazlz vlzl lys`lz l ha} `logieimlà}' Éh oi}oa aezcmc vlzl c}pc eig }s lgihha cvi}mavlh y paà chìgcza |sc hl ìýmc}i} bljïl zc}czulà vlzl ec}pcdlzha maoa gscua aji}va' ]ig vcz`cz picova }c ìzinc l hl}vajhlmiagc} oì} lecmpl`l} vaz ch pczzcoapa vlzl aezcmczhc} }s mag}scha c}vizipslh y hl lys`l olpczilh |scbl zcmanià vlzl chha} cg ha} vziocza} `ïl}' Lvzaucmblzì c}pl ui}ipl vlzl zclhitlz ha |sc ha mlzlmpczitlzì }soigi}pczia cvi}mavlh4 oi}iaglz'

Cg }s} oi}iagc} vavshlzc}( Oag}' Nsïtlz vzaoauïl ha} vzigmivlhc} ocìa} vlzl eluazcmcz hl ui`lmzi}pilgl4 hl azlmiýg( hl zcmcvmiýg `c ha} }lmzlocgpa}( hl c}msmbl `c hl Vlhljzl `c @ia}( hl eazolmiýg

àmpziglh l pzlué} `c hl mlpc|sc}i}' ]s} oi}iagc} `cdljlg zcgaul`l hl ec `c ha} vscjha} y pamljlvzaesg`locgpc ha} mazltagc}' Lh eiglh `c hl oi}ol( }c hculgpljl sgl nzlg mzst |sc magocoazljl hl oi}iýg'

@c ha} <2 lüa} |sc esc aji}va `c Uczlmzst }ýha amba vsà vczolgcmcz `cgpza `ch pczzipazia `c hloi}ol l mls}l `ch crihia |sc hc iovs}iczag cg ìucz}l} aml}iagc} hl} lspazi`l`c} `ch c}plà' Cg c}pa amba}lüa} zclhitý pzc} ucmc} hl ui}ipl vl}pazlh l sg pczzipazia crpcg}ï}ioa( l vc}lz `c hl} ìeimshpl`c} glpszlhc} `cmaosgimlmiýg( hl c}ml}ct `c mloiga}( hl} nzlg`c} ì}plgmil}( hl} cgeczoc`l`c} |sc ha lma}ljlg y hl}igmhcocgmil} `ch picova'

Oag}' Nsïtlz psua |sc }seziz cg vzioczl vcz}agl y cg pa`l }s ìýmc}i} hl} `szl} hcyc} lgpizzchinia}l}`ch vzc}i`cgpc Vhsplzma Chïl} Mlhhc} y `ch najczglàz `ch c}plà `c Uczlmzst L`lhjczpa Pcdc`l' C}pl} hcyc}gcnljlg ha} oì} chcocgplhc} `czcmba} `c hijczpl` zchinia}l( mag}i`czljlg l ha} oigi}pza} `ch mshpa maoaocza} vzaec}iagi}pl}( vcza }ig `czcmba} miuihc} vlzl va`cz uaplz cg hl} chcmmiagc}' Ha} c}plà} ec`czlhc}

va`ïlg hioiplz l uahsgpl` ch gôocza `c }lmczàpc} y }c iovs}iczag }cuczl} vcgl} l |sicgc} ga }c lds}plzlgl c}pl} ì}va}imiagc}' ]c crvsh}lzag `ch vlï} l gsocza}a} }lmczàpc} crpzlgdcza} y }c ioviìý cdczmcz hlcg}cülgtl `c hl zchiniýg l ha} }lmczàpc} cg hl} c}mschl}( vôjhiml} a vziul`l}( cgpzc hl} |sc }c mlplhanljlgha} oi}oa} }coiglzia}'

Hl hhlol`l Hcy Mlhhc} `c <9:5 iovc`ïl cdczmcz ch oigi}pczia l }lmczàpc} ga ocrimlga}' Gignôg }lmczàpcc}pljl mlvlmiplà vaz hcy vlzl ìziniz mahcnia} vôjhima} gi }cz olc}pza} `c gignsgl apzl olpczil' ]c}svzioiczag hl} ýz`cgc} zchinia}l}' Ha} oagl}pczia} y magucgpa} vl}lzag l }cz `c vzavic`l` c}plplh l}ïmaoa ha} pcovha}( hl} zc}i`cgmil} cvi}mavlhc}( hl} ml}l} vlzza|silhc}( ha} }coiglzia}( ha} l}iha} y mahcnia}vczpcgcmicgpc} l hl Inhc}il a l hl} ýz`cgc} zchinia}l}'

Ha} lmpa} `c mshpa `cjïlg }cz zclhitlà} crmhs}iulocgpc `cgpza `c hl} inhc}il}' ]c vzabijïl s}lz gignôg piva`c ì}pigpiua mhczimlh y }c gcnljl l}ioi}oa hl hijczpl` `c vzcg}l cg olpczil zchinia}l' Lhnsga} aji}va} y ch`chcnlà lva}pýhima esczag crvsh}là} `ch vlï}' Lgpc c}pl }ipslmiýg( Oag}' Nsïtlz psua |sc ljlgàglz }sìýmc}i} vlzl c}pljhcmcz}c( `c}vsé} `c ìucz}l} uimi}ips`c}( cg hl Mis`l` `c Oérima l àg`c pzl}hl`ý }s}coiglzia y `c}`c àg`c( l pzlué} `c gsocza}l mazzc}vag`cgmil( }c olgpsua cg magpigsl maosgimlmiýgmag }s} }lmczàpc} y eichc}'

Cg c}pc magpcrpa vahïpima( Oag}' Nsïtlz esc locgltlà vaz hl} lspazi`l`c} vahïpiml} |sc hciovs}iczag ch `c}piczza' Ch := `c olya `c <9:> psua |sc }lhiz `c }s vlpzil zsoja l Hlzcà( Pcrl}' Cg piczzl}`c Gazpcloéziml vl}lzì sga} }ci} oc}c} oi}iaglgà cg Ls}pig y ]lg Lgpagia mag maosgi`l`c} `cbi}vlga}' @c Pcrl} vl}lzì `c gscua l Msjl l eiglhc} `c <9:>( iguiplà vaz ch aji}va `c Mlolnøcy( Oag}'Cgzi|sc Vézct ]czlgpc}' @c l|sï }c ìzinizì l Janapì( Mahaojil( cg àg`c hl cgeczoc`l` y ch lnaploicgpa

hc iovagcg vl}lz sg picova cg ch ba}viplh' Sgl uct zcmsvczlà( igimil plojiég oi}iagc} cg ulzil} mis`l`c}



:9

`ch vlï}' Hl ncgpc hc hhlol ch «oscuc mazltagc}» vaz }s mlvlmi`l` `c igehlolz cg ch loaz `c @ia} l hl}lhol}'

Cg <9:9( bljicgà `cdlà Mlhhc} hl vzc}i`cgmil l Vazpc} Nih( Oag}' Nsïtlz uahuiý l Oérima(vl}lgà vaz Nslpcolhl' Vama} `ïl} `c}vsé} `c }s hhcnl`l }c eizolzag ha} lmsczà} cgpzc hl Inhc}il y chC}plà |sc vag`zìg eig l hl hhlol`l nsczzl mzi}pczl' Ha vziocza |sc bita lh hhcnlz `c gscua l }s ìýmc}i}`c}vsé} `ch crihia esc paolz ch vsh}a l hl ui`l zchinia}l zclhitlgà sgl }cnsg`l ui}ipl vl}pazlh'

Vcza hl }ipslmiýg `c lvlzcgpc mlhol vlzl hl inhc}il uczlmzstlgl ga `szý osmba picova vsc} cg dsgia`c <9=< ch najczglàz `ch c}plà( L`lhjczpa Pcdc`l vzaoshný hcyc} c}plplhc} |sc hioiplzag lzjipzlzilocgpcch gôocza `c }lmczàpc} l sga vaz ml`l micg oih bljiplgpc}' Ch :3 `c dshia `c <9=<( lnapl`l} pa`l} hl}va}ijihi`l`c} dszïìml} y `c lmsczà mag ch @chcnlà Lva}pýhima( Oag}' Nsïtlz `cmzcpý( maoa vzapc}pl vazhl} igds}pl} hcyc}( ch mc}c `ch mshpa vôjhima' Vama} `ïl} lgpc} `c c}l ecmbl bljïl mlïà( uïmpiol `c hlvcz}cmsmiýg zchinia}l( ch daucg }lmczàpc @lzïa Lma}pl |sicg( l }s} ucigpipzé} lüa}( zcmiég msovhià}( sga`c ha} }lmczàpc} oìzpizc} oì} dýucgc} `c c}pc }lgnzicgpa vczïaà'

Uiga cgpagmc} sg vczïaà ìeïmih vlzl hl ìýmc}i} `c Uczlmzst' ]s vl}paz `cjïl uiuiz cg ch crihia( cgpzcVscjhl y Oérima @' E'; ha} eichc} ga va`ïlg magplz mag hl l}i}pcgmil `c }lmczàpc}( ch najiczga bljïligimilà sg vzanzlol `c «`c}elglpitlmiýg» |sc cg}cüljl l ha} giüa} ha} vzigmivia} magpzlzia} l hl ec

mlpýhiml' Ch najczglàz Pcdc`l coipiý sgl az`cg `c es}ihloicgpa vlzl ch aji}va Nsïtlz |sicg( `c}`c hlmis`l` `c Oérima( mag nzlg ulhcgpïl( lh pcgcz gapimil `c c}pl ì}va}imiýg( uildý bl}pl Rlhlvl y }c vzc}cgpýcg ch vlhlmia `ch najczglàz vlzl |sc éh oi}oa cdcmsplzl plh az`cg' Ch najczglàz Pcdc`l( lh ucz ch lzzada`ch aji}va( ha `cdý cg hijczpl`'

Lsg|sc Pcdc`l ljlgàgý ch va`cz cg Uczlmzst cg <9=:( hl }ipslmiýg glmiaglh magpigsý igc}pljhc`szlgpc paà} c}pa} lüa}' ]s lmpiui`l` maoa aji}va }insiý }icgà osy vzcmlzil( hioipl`l vaz hl} hcyc}lgpimhczimlhc}( lsg|sc éh gsgml vczìý `ch paà ch magplmpa mag }s} eichc} gi mag }s} }lmczàpc}'

Cg <9=> hl osczpc `c sgl daucg ajzczl( Hcagaz ]ìgmbct( cg hl mis`l` `c Azitljl c} hl `cpaglmiýgvlzl |sc ha} mzi}pilga} }lhnlg l hl} mlhhc} l criniz }s} `czcmba} `c mshpa' Sgl }czic `c olgiec}plmiagc} cgc}l oi}ol mis`l` vziocza y hscna cg pa`l} hl} vzigmivlhc} mis`l`c} `ch c}plà( mag`smcg l hl} lspazi`l`c}

l ljziz hl} inhc}il} |sc `szlgpc ulzia} lüa} blg vczolgcmià mczzl`l}' ]ig cojlzna ch najiczga c}plplh galmcvpý zcni}pzlz l Oag}' Nsïtlz gi }i|siczl maoa }lmczàpc `c hl mlpc`zlh `c Rlhlvl' ]ýha hc vczoipïlg uiuizcg ch aji}vlà }ig va`cz cdczmcz ch oigi}pczia' Vaz chha `cmi`c pzl}hl`lz}c vzaui}azilocgpc l sgl mis`l`mczmlgl( Malpcvcm y `c}`c l|sï ui}ipl hl} ìucz}l} vlzza|sil} `ch igocg}a aji}vlà' L eigc} `c <9=>( magoczol`l} escztl} eï}iml}( igimil sgl oi}iýg cg hl zcniýg `c Mýzàjl' Ch :5 `c ìmicojzc }sezc sg esczpclpl|sc `c ehcjipi} oicgpzl} vzcìml cg c}pl mis`l`' Vlzl cuiplz oahc}pil} l }s} echinzc}c} ul l zcmsvczlz}c lhl mis`l` `c Oérima( àg`c c}pì sjimlà }s }coiglzia mhlg`c}piga' Cg ha} vziocza} oc}c} `ch lüa <9=2 }s}escztl} }c ulg `cjihiplgà l mls}l `c maovhimlmiagc} ml`l uct oì} }czil} `c hl ìljcpc}'

Lsg|sc osy `éjih( pa`luïl ch <9 `c olya `c <9=2 vsà l}i}piz l hl oi}l `c hl vczcnziglmiýg `ceichc} `c }s ìýmc}i} l hl Jl}ïhiml `c Nsl`lhsvc( mchcjzl`l vaz ch aji}va `c Msczglulml( Oag}' Ezlgmi}maNagtìhct Lzil}' Ch 5 `c dsgia( hsgc} `c Vcgpcma}pé}( elhhcmc cg sgl vajzc ml}ipl `c hl mis`l` `c Oérima(`c}vsé} `c bljcz zcmijià hl ]lgpl Maosgiýg `c olga} `c }s bczolga Lgpagia( aji}va `c Mbibslbsl'

Lh magamcz}c }s osczpc gsocza}a} aji}va}( }lmczàpc}( }coiglzi}pl}( zchinia}l} y eichc} lms`cg lzctlz vaz }s lhol y l zcgìzhc ch ôhpioa pzijspa' Ch msczva esc pzl}hl`là( vaz uahsgpl` }syl( l Rlhlvl vsc} éh|sczïl zcva}lz cg }s ìýmc}i}' Lh vl}a `c hl mlzzatl oazpsazil vaz hl} ìucz}l} vajhlmiagc} `c hl ìýmc}i}( hlncgpc }c lnahvljl vlzl uczha'

Hc lzzadljlg ehazc} `c}`c ha} jlhmagc} `c hl} ml}l} y }c lmczmljlg vlzl pamlz ch eézcpza cg }cülh `c loaz y`c ucgczlmiýg l }s Vl}paz' Eiglhocgpc vama} kihýocpza} lgpc} `c cgpzlz l Rlhlvl( ha} eichc} |si}iczag |sc cheézcpza cgpzlzl l baojza} y jlda uïpazc} `c hl oshpips` lh Vl}paz |sc bljïl lmczmlà }s} lhol} l @ia} lpzlué} `c hl vzcìmlmiýg y `ch pc}pioagia `c }s ui`l }lgpl'

@szlgpc osmba picova( bl}pl ch lüa <936( }s} zc}pa} zcva}lzag cg ch mcocgpczia uicda `c Rlhlvl'Ch :2 `c olya `c c}pc lüa }s msczva esc crbsolà y cgmagpzlà igmazzsvpa' @a} lüa} `c}vsé} }c igimiý ch



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vzamc}a ìamc}lga `c jclpieimlmiýg' Cg <9>0 ch vzamc}a vl}ý l Zaol àg`c cg <92< }c zcmagamiczagmlgýgimlocgpc }s} uizps`c} bczaiml}' Cg <990 hl Magnzcnlmiýg vlzl hl Mls}l `c ha} ]lgpa} zcmagamiý sgoihlnza vaz igpczmc}iýg `c Oag}' Nsïtlz( ch glmioicgpa `c sg giüa `c sgl osdcz mag sgl cgeczoc`l` |sc hliova}ijihipljl vlzl pcgcz bida}' Ch Vlvl Dslg Vljha II ch :9 `c cgcza `c <993 ha vzamhlol jclpa cg hl vhltl`c ]lg Vc`za' Ch }cnsgà oihlnza gcmc}lzia vlzl hl mlgagitlmiýg( ch glmioicgpa }lga `c sg giüa l |sicgc}ha} àmpazc} hc zcmagamiczag cg ch }cga olpczga ch hljia hcvaziga y ch vlhl`lz bcgìà( esc zcmagamiàaeimilhocgpc ch :5 `c ljzih `ch :665'

Oag}' Zlelch Nsïtlz esc cg }s ui`l cdcovha `c gsocza}l} uizps`c}' ]s ec }cgmihhl y ninlgpc}ml hcvczoipïlg uiuiz magpigslocgpc ch oi}pczia `c @ia} mag glpszlhi`l` y lh oi}oa picova mag nzlg bag`szl' ]sc}vczlgtl nata}l hc lys`ý l }cz eich y vcz}cuczlz cg ocìa `c hl} gsocza}l} ìeimshpl`c} |sc psua |sclezagplz cg }s oigi}pczia' ]s bsoih`l` culgnéhiml hc vczoipïl mag}i`czlz }s magìmiýg `c mzclpszl y l`cvcg`cz `c @ia} cg paà oaocgpa( js}mlgà cg paà oaocgpa hl nhazil `c @ia} vaz cgmiol `c hl }sylvzavil' Hl vajzctl zclh y `c c}vïzips mag |sc uiuiý }s }lmczàmia }izuiý `c oa`cha vlzl }s vzc}jipczia y vlzlpaà} ha} eichc}' Esc sg aji}va vajzc( |sc uiuiý y osziý vajzc( mageilà cg paà oaocgpa cg hl vzaui`cgmil`c @ia}' ]s vszctl `c msczva y `c mazltýg hc vczoipiý cgmlstlz }s lvl}iaglà mazltýg vlzl lolz l @ia}vaz cgmiol `c paà} y `c paà'

Vcza |sitì} hl uizps` |sc uiuiý `c oaà oì} crioia esc hl mlzi`l` vl}pazlh |sc hc bita uiuiz cg paà

oaocgpa maoa aji}va culgnchitlàz y oi}iagcza' Vaz|sc |sczïl `lz ha ocdaz l }s} eichc}( l`coì} `c hl}gsocza}l} lys`l} olpczilhc} |sc hc} vzamszljl( |si}a `lzhc} l magamcz ch loaz `c @ia}' Esc Oag}' Nsïtlzsg aji}va coigcgpcocgpc oi}iagcza y culgnchitlàz |sc( lh c}piha `c ]lg Vljha( ga va`ïl uiuiz }ig vzcìmlzhl vlhljzl `c @ia} l }s} bczolga}( maoa ch olyaz y oì} `chimlà lmpa `c mlzi`l` blmil chha}' Uiuiývzcìmlgà y |si}a magpigslz `c}vsé} `c }s osczpc }s hljaz oi}iagczl( ma}l |sc zclhitl lmpslhocgpc lpzlué} `c }s igpczmc}iýg `c}`c hl nhazil mchc}pc' @c c}pc oaà hl vzaui`cgmil ìuigl( lh vczoipiz |sc sgaji}va oi}iagcza maoa Oag}' Nsïtlz }cl ch vziocza cg zcmijiz ch bagaz `c ha} lhplzc}( vzc}cgpl sg chculàvzanzlol `c }lgpi`l` lva}pýhiml y oi}iagczl vlzl paà} ha} aji}va}( }lmczàpc} y eichc} `ch magpigcgpcloczimlga'



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Lmpa `c mag}lnzlmiýg s}l`l vaz ha} mzi}pcza}Maovsc}pa vaz ch Aji}va Pazzl} y Jlnc}

‘]ay usc}pza( ¬ab jscg Dc}ô},( vaz|sc }ai} oi Mzclàz( vaz|sc `c}`c pa`l hl cpczgi`l` oc bljéi}

hhculà cg usc}pzl igpchincgmil maoa sgl mzilpszl c} hhcul`l vaz }s ol`zc; }ay usc}pza( vaz|sc oc bljéi} zcìoià `ch va`cz `ch `coagia y oc bljéi} maovzlà mag ch vzcmia `c usc}pzl }lgnzc vzcmia}ï}iol; }ay usc}pza( maoa ch bida c} `ch vl`zc( maoa ch }lzoicgpa c} `c hl ui`( maoa ch ezspa c} `ch ìzjah( vsc} ezspa `c usc}pzl Mzst }aoa} paà} ha} mzi}pilga}; y( lsg|sc oc bc zcjchlà oih ucmc} magpzl Ua}( usc}pza Mazltýg `shmï}ioa dloì} bl `cdlà `c lolzoc; bljéi} `czzlolà vaz oï lolznl} hìnziol} cg ha} `ïl} `c oi vzculzimlmiýg( y( oauià vaz usc}pza lolgpï}ioa Mazltýg( ga bljéi} mc}là bl}pl blmczoc zcmsvczlz hl nzlmil ‟ '

¬Ab Mazltýg |sc plgpa oc bljéi} lolà, ¬Ab Mazltýg l |sicg plgpl} ucmc} bc cgpzi}pcmià yhhcglà `c lolznszl, L ua} oc mag}lnza( y oih ucmc} vzapc}pa |sc( cg l`chlgpc( ga |sicza yl `lza}gignôg oapiua `c lehimmiýg( }iga |sc( vaz ch magpzlzia( zcmaz`lgà hl} aml}iagc} vl}l`l}( cg |sc a}bc hhcglà `c lolznszl( vzavagna( cg l`chlgpc( lolza} vaz ha} |sc ga a} lolg( bagzlza} vaz ha}|sc a} `c}vzcmilg( vzavlnlz usc}pzl nhazil( vlzl }lpi}elmcz vaz hl} lolznszl} |sc l usc}pza Mazltýgmls}lg l|schha}( |sc( c}plgà ajhinlà} l vzavlnlzhl( a} oizlg mag hl olyaz igìeczcgmil'

Vzavagna covhclz paà oi mazltýg cg lolza} y |si}iczl pcgcz oih mazltagc} vlzl lolza} oì}pa`luïl; `c}ca |sc `c}`c lbazl }cl oi lhol }lnzlzia usc}pza( mczzlà l pa`l ulgl vl}iýg bsolgl;sg hsnlz `c zcva}a vlzl Ua} y sgl uiul iolncg `c usc}pza Mazltýg; `c olgczl |sc( `cìmìgà}c`szlgpc pa`l }s ui`l l lolza}( oi ôhpioa vcg}loicgpa( cg hl bazl `c hl osczpc( }cl sg lmpa `c lolzl Ua}( ¬ab Dc}ô} `shmï}ioa,( |sc |sczéi} nhazieimlz oi lhol vaz pa`l hl cpczgi`l`' L}ï }cl‟'

Jijhianzleïl4

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Vahïpiml cg Oérima' Oérima( ]inha RRI( <923' Vv' 0:/32



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Oazl/Ioà}am( <999' C}vlül

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Persecución Religiosa en Mexico. "La Epopeya Cristera" - G. Carrere Cadirant-

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Transcript of Persecución Religiosa en Mexico. "La Epopeya Cristera" - G. Carrere Cadirant-