PhD Candidate: Francisco Montero Advisors: Dr. Pascual González Dra. María Dolores Lozano...

PhD Candidate:Francisco Montero

Advisors:Dr. Pascual González

Dra. María Dolores Lozano




Integración de Integración de calidad y calidad y

experiencia en el experiencia en el desarrollo de desarrollo de interfaces de interfaces de

usuario dirigido usuario dirigido por modelospor modelos

Integración de Integración de calidad y calidad y

experiencia en el experiencia en el desarrollo de desarrollo de interfaces de interfaces de

usuario dirigido usuario dirigido por modelospor modelos

PhD dissertation Universidad de Castilla-La

Mancha

Dep. de Sistemas Informáticos

Albacete, 2005







Quality and Quality and experience experience

integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven

user interfaces user interfaces development development

processprocess




processprocess

PhD dissertationUniversidad de Castilla-La

Mancha


Albacete, 2005

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PhD dissertationTable of Contents

i. Introduction

ii. Literature Review

iii. Quality and Experience

iv. A methodology

v. A tool: IDEALXML

vii. Conclusions and Future Work




processprocess




processprocess

vi. An Example

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PhD dissertation

i. Introduction




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processprocess

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i. Introduction

Human-Computer Interaction

Software Engineering

• Context• Motivation • Working Hypotheses

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Improper requirements

analysis29%

Improper software design19%

Improper software

specification17%

Improper test on actual machine

7%

Modification of hardware

specification7%

Coding error5% Others

16%

i. Introduction


(Japanese METIA, 2004)

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i. Introduction

Our main goal is to provide support for quality user interface development tasks.

• Context• Motivation •Working Hypotheses

usability experience

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i. Introduction

Coupling UI analysis and design to software design more tightly is desirable to create a complete model of an application prior to implementation, thus to avoid as much errors as possible.

We can think of models as a way to help bridging the gap between business and technology, a pervasive problem in today’s business environment

We strongly believe that the industry will increasingly adopt models as first-class artifacts within an agile software development process


The integration of HCI techniques into SE practice is not an easy endeavour, since both fields speak different languages and they deal with software development from different perspectives.

A pattern is essentially a model with some holes in it, together with some rules about how each hole may be filled in by some or all of another model. An effective technology for describing and applying patterns enables large models to be constructed from small ones, and models of one kind to be assembled from models of other kinds.

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i. Introduction


What is quality?

What is experience and how can we use it?

How is possible to integrate quality with experience?

How can the quality of user interfaces be improved?

Is compatible it with the actual trend of development?

Which benefits can we get from using this possibility?

How does it works?

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The history of software development is a history of raising the level of abstraction.

• Introduction • Software Engineering• Human- Computer Interaction• Conclusions

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Software engineering practices and research have led to several methodologies that are highly adequate for development software.


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models

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What is quality? / What is usability?

Usability is about human behaviour. It recognizes that humans are lazy, get emotional, are not interested in putting a lot of effort into, say, getting a credit card and generally prefer things that are easy to do vs. those that are hard to do. (McQuillen, 2003).

The ease, speed, and pleasantness with which intended people can use a product.

Usability is the measure of a product's potential to accomplish the goals of the user.

• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration

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According to international standards, two different definitions for usability are proposed:

– Usability as a high-level quality objective is defined in the ISO 9241-11 standard as: “the extend to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use”

– Usability is defined in this way in ISO/IEC 9126 as “a set of attributes of an interactive system that bear on the effort needed for use and on the individual assessment of such use by a stated or implied set of users”


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ISO/IEC 9126-1

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Ergonomic criteria

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Quality model

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We have many sources of experience:

– Principles

– Standards

– Guidelines

– Patterns

- Domain

- Design

- Task

- Interaction / usability


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Collaboration patterns


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Design patterns


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Interaction patterns


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Pattern Language Markup Language (PLML) (pronounced "PellMell" )

At the "CHI-03 workshop on HCI Patterns: Concepts and Tools", the participants created a first version of a pattern template that can be used to unify the appearance of the different pattern languages that evolved so far.

Connecting the different pattern languages is a challenging task and the translation of the different collections into a unified representation was one first step to solve this problem.

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Pattern Language Markup Language (PLML)

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model

domain

task

presentation

uiModel

1

*

mapping

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experience (models)

Quality

factor1 factor2 factori

criterion1 criterion2 criterionj

sub-criterion1 sub-criterion2

...

...

...

metrics

PIM{domain, task, user, absPres}

PSM1-{conPre´, dialog}

code1

factor level

criteria level

sub-criteria level

experience and metric level

Independentmodel

Dependentlevel

Codelevel

top

-do

wn

top

-do

wn

developmentprocess

evaluationprocess

coden

PSMn-{conPre´´, dialog´}



quality model

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iv. A methodology




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iv. A methodology

• Methodology• Language• Road Map

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iv. A methodology

USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language (UsiXML) is a XML-compliant markup language that describes the UI for multiple contexts of use (Limbourg, 2004).

UsiXML consists of a User Interface Description Language (UIDL), that is a declarative language capturing the essence of what a UI is or should be independently of physical characteristics.

UsiXML describes at a high level of abstraction the constituting elements of the UI of an application: widgets, controls, containers, modalities, interaction techniques, ...


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a&d

task view

[inspect] implementmodel

develop

MDE

domain

maintainanalysis



Design patterns

Quality model

iv. A methodology


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iv. A methodology


(analysis)

a&d

task view


develop

MDE

domain

maintainanalysis



Design patterns

Quality model

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iv. A methodology


(design)

a&d

task view


develop

MDE

domain

maintainanalysis



Design patterns

Quality model

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iv. A methodology


(implement)

a&d

task view


develop

MDE

domain

maintainanalysis



Design patterns

Quality model

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PhD dissertation v. A tool: IDEALXML




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v. A tool: IDEALXML

Management environment and specification environment

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v. A tool: IDEALXML

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v. A tool: IDEALXML

Modelos usiXMLtareas y dominio

Modelos usiXMLInterfaz de

usuario abstracta

Modelos usiXMLInterfaz de

usuario concreta

Interfaz deusuario final

Trans. Trans.

IDEALXML

TransformiXMLR

endering

Derivation

Gen

erative

QtkXML

JaviXML

FlashiXML

GrafiXML

VisiXML

SketchiXML

FormiXML

KnowiXML VisualiXMLReversiXML

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vi. An Example

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vi. An example

Login

showUI()

remember()

validate()

newUser()

show*

view task

collaction

closeTask

Root

login password submit

help forgot

status

close

submit

Client

nombre: String

apellido: String

email: String

password:String

forgot

new

new

<<control>><<model>>

login pass


Collaboration patterns Design patterns

login

CustomerFirst Level of refinement

Second Level of refinement

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vi. An example

showA*

view taskA

collactionA

closeATaskA*

StateA

Client

Context

showUI()

State

show()

StateA

show()

showStatus()

task()

collaction()

close()

StateB

show()

showStatus()

task()

collaction()

close()

state

0..*

0..*state.show()

showB*

view taskB

collactionB

closeBTaskB*

StateB

Design patterns



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vi. An example

Client Context

request()

State

show()

StateA

show()

close()

collaction()

StateB

show()

close()

collaction()

state

0..*

0..*

state.event()

close

componentes asociados

a task

close

componentes asociados

a task


Design patterns


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vi. An example ok

check

edit

info

info

link

edit

info

info

ok

info

ok

edit

ok

info

check

edit

edit

edit

info

edit

edit

ok info

Third levelof refinement

(GUI)

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vi. An example info

ok

check

info

info

info

edit

info

edit info

info

Third levelof refinement

(mobile)

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vii. Conclusions and Future Work




processprocess




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vii.Conclusions and Future Work

We have explored issues related to integration, management, and use of multi-disciplinary system design knowledge.

We need repositories and other points of exchange for system design knowledge, and conceptual catalysts to support value-added integration of the results from multidisciplinary design research and practice.

This thesis provides a process that guides teams through a complex project. It uses IDEALXML tools to help to manage information. It includes abstraction paths that help the team to understand the whole problem before they divide it.

A method for the early phases of the user-centred design life-cycle is proposed. Experience facilitates the developers to carry out the user-centred activities of a software project.

We presented how different kinds of patterns can assist in bridging the gap between requirements and design in software development, and the research challenges posed by their use.

• Conclusions•Outcomes •Future Work

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This thesis extends Tidwell's approach by defining a formal approach to user interface design pattern modeling with implications for use case (task) modelling, UI design, UI implementation, and the teaching of HCI techniques.

This thesis presents an approach that shows how user-centred requirements analysis can be cost effectively integrated to use case-driven requirements engineering.

In summary:

This thesis introduces a framework where quality and experience are defined and integrated.

Patterns from different scopes are successfully used to interactive applications development.

• Conclusions• Outcomes•Future Work

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I did a research stay at the Université catholique de Louvain

Relationships with:

- the Belgian Laboratory of Computer-Human Interaction (BCHI) Université catholique de Louvain

- the Software Engineering and Information Systems Research Group (ISSI) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

- the Laboratorio de Información y Formación en Informática Avanzada (LIFIA) Universidad Nacional de La Plata

European research activity:

- The SIMILAR Network of Excellence

- COST Action 294

- Spanish CICYT project TIN2004-08000-C03-01

- the PCB-03-003 project from the Consejería de Educación


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Papers:

- on patterns:

- on quality models:

- on IDEALXML:


Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Molina, J.P., Lozano, M. Improving e-shops environments by using usability patterns. 2nd workshop on software and usability cross-polination. The role of usability patterns. September, 1-2, 2003, Zürich, Switzerland. 2003

Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P., Ramos, I. Designing web sites by using design patterns. The second latin american conference on pattern languages of Programming. Itaipava- Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 5 a 7 de agosto de 2002. (ISBN: 85-87837-07-9)

Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P., Ramos, I. A first approach for design web sites by using patterns. First Nordic conference on Pattern Languages of Program. Hojstrupgard, Dinamarca. 20 a 22 de septiembre de 2002. (ISBN: 87-7849-769-8)

Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P. Patrones de interacción: Taxonomía y otros problemas. Congreso Internacional de Interacción 2002. Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, 8 a 10 de mayo de 2002.

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Papers:

- on patterns:


- on IDEALXML:


Montero, F., González, P., Lozano, M., Vanderdonckt, J. Quality Models for Automated Evaluation of Web Sites Usability and Accessibility. Towards the Maturation of IT Usability Evaluation (MAUSE). Interact 2005 Short Paper. Roma, Italy, September 2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag.

Montero, F., Lozano, M., López-Jaquero, V., González, P. A Quality Model For Testing The Usability Of The Web Sites. 10th International Conference on Human - Computer Interaction (HCI, 2003). 22 a 27 de Julio, Creta, Grecia. 2003. Human-Computer Interaction: Theory and Practice (part 1). J. Jacko, C. Stephanidis (Eds.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Londrés, Reino Unido, 2003. (ISBN: 0-8058-4931-9)

Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Lozano, M., González, P. Usability and Web Site Evaluation: Quality Models and User Testing Evaluations. ICEIS (1) 2003: 525-528

Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P. Calidad en interfaces de usuario. Capítulo 5 del libro Calidad en el desarrollo y mantenimiento del software. Coordinadores: Mario G. Piattini, Felix O. García. Editorial Ra-Ma. 2003. (ISBN: 84-7897-544-6).

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Papers:

- on patterns:


- on IDEALXML:


Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P.: IDEALXML: an Experience-Based Environment for User Interface Design and pattern manipulation. Technical Report DIAB-05-01-4. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (2005)

Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Lozano, M., González, P. A user interfaces development and abstraction mechanisms. Artículo seleccionado en el V Congreso Interacción Persona Ordenador para su publicación en Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005. (to appear)

Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Vanderdonckt, J., Gonzalez, P., Lozano, M.D., Solving the Mapping Problem in User Interface Design by Seamless Integration in IdealXML. 12th International Workshop on Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS’2005), Newcastle upon Tyne, England, July 13-15, 2005. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005 (to appear)

Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Ramírez, Y., Lozano, M., González. P. Patrones de Interacción: para usuarios y para diseñadores. VI Congreso de Interacción Persona-Ordenador. 13-16 de septiembre, Granada, España. 2005 (por aparecer).

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Future works are related with methodological and operational aspects. Methodological aspects are about:

Traditionally, collaboration tasks are not considered in patterns or task analysis. We want to deal with these subjects and consider what requirements (functional and non-explicitly functional) these considerations demand.

Adaptation, adaptativity and new paradigm of interaction

The contribution of satisfaction to the usability equation is receiving increasing attention. We want to dedicate an research effort in this direction.

• Conclusions• Outcomes• Future Work

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Future works are related with methodological and operational aspects. Operational aspects are about IDEALXML.

The definition of precise rules for model transformation

Simulating and prototyping

Other future work is the consideration of the notion of graceful degradation (Florins et al., 2004).

• Conclusions• Outcomes• Future Work

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Acknowledgments

I want to thank everyone who has helped me to reach this goal and in particular my advisors Pascual González and María Lozano. Special thanks to Jean Vanderdonckt for his help and support.

Finally, I would like to dedicate this achievement to my family, my girlfriend Yolanda and my friends.

This work was supported by the Spanish CICYT project TIN2004-08000-C03-01 and the PCB-03-003 project from the Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.

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Questions for Discussion

Quality and experience integration in the model-driven user interfaces development

Quality and experience integration in the model-driven user interfaces development

PhD dissertation

Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha


Albacete, 2005

PhD Candidate: Francisco Montero Advisors: Dr. Pascual González Dra. María Dolores Lozano...

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