Pink bollworm presentation2 2009

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

ه� ُت�� } ول��وال فض��ُل� الل��ه� علي��َك� ورحم��لُـ��وَك� لهمت طآئف��ٌٌة � منهم أن ُي�ض&

هُـ��م وم��ا لُـ��ون إال أنفُـس� وم��ا ُي�ض&ُيض��رو�نَك من �ش��يء وأ�ن��زل ا�لل��ه

وعلم�َك م�ا لم علي�َك ا�لكُت�اب �وال�حكم�ٌٌة تك�ن تعلم� وك��ان� فض��ُل� �الل��ه& �ع�لي��َك�

113 { النساء - عظيما:A. M. Albeltagy 22/2/2009 1

تكنولوجيا مكافحٌٌة دودة اللوز القرنفليٌٌة فى العالم وكيف ُيمكن اإلسُتفادة منها فى

مصر2009/3/8

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-: :أوال العلماء المصرُيين ) أساتذتى

وزمالئى ( الذُين تشرفت أن عملت معهم .


Review Of History


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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Prof. Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Beltagy

“ Head Researchers “ Bollworms Control Programs Plant Protection Research InstituteAgrictural Research CenterGizza, Egypt.

Plant Protection Research StationBaccous- 21616Alexandria, Egypt.

(57 ) Title

Science 2001

Supervisor oF (4) Ph.D.

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Shekiban Ph.D. 2000

El-Bassoiuny Ph.D. 2001

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Silan 2008

Light Traps 1991

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Black Light Trap

Mercury Vapour Light Trap

-: ثانيا العلماء األمرُيكان

) أساتذتى وزمالئى ( الذُين تشرفت أن

عملت معهم .Team WorkWCRL., APHIS

Lab.Boll Weevil

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T. J. HenneberryDirector of the

WCRL, Phoenix, Az

1 -Jio. Leggette 2-Bob. Staten( APHIS) 3- Jor. Butler, Jr. 4- Steve Naranjo (WCRL)

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Allan Bartelette, PBW Genetics2-12-25 Yr.)) 3 PBW Genetic Strains

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Marcous

Marylain Rega

Holios. Flent & Hindrix

David Aky

My Office

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WCRL. CLUB, Osama El-lissy

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Bowers, Plant – insects ineractions

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ARS.,Biotechnology Conf.,Collage Park, Beltsville, MD., May 1993

Bt. Corn announcement

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Cotton Picking, and Stalk destruction, September 1993

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Cotton Picking, and Stalk destruction

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TX. Southern Univ.

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Kamal El-Zik “ Cotton Breader, TX. A. & M. Univ., Collage Station

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Riverside, CA.

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Sterlling & Texcim

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Leio ٍSterlling ,

Computer Modeling

Gonzalis, Y. Faiad & S. Meftah

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Biological Control Of PBW

Cotton TreeRiverside,

CA.

Cotton Plant World Cotton Production

Egyptian Cotton Production

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Cotton plant

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Diagrammatic Cotton growth

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Cotton Development

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Square Development

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Stagy Heat Units( DD) days after plantingPlanting 0 Heat units (DD60s)

Germination/radicle appearance

Soil temperatures greater than 65 degrees Fahrenheit are optimum. 3 days from planting

Cotyledon emergence 55 heat units (DD60s) 7 days from plantingFirst true leaf >100 heat units (DD60s) 15 days from plantingPhotosynthetic activity peaks approximately 20 days after the leaves unfurl.

Add nodes to main stem45 to 65/node heat units (DD60s) 3/node days from planting

First square 500 heat units (DD60s) 46 days from planting

High (greater than 80 percent) first position fruit set is desirable.First bloom 850 heat units (DD60s) 67 days from planting

Cutout1,300 to 1,450 heat units (DD60s) 102 days from planting

Aug. 10 is the latest date a flower has a 50 percent chance to reach maturity.First open boll 1,700 heat units (DD60s) 112 days from planting

Harvest2,150 to 2,300 heat units (DD60s) +153 days from planting

Stages of cotton plant development.

Cotton Bolls Maturity

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لوزات / نبات لوزات / نباتفىحالٌٌة 10 لوزات / نباتفىحالٌٌة 10 فىحالٌٌة 10جم . جم .1- وزنالقطنالزهرفىاللوزة = 2.5 جم .1- وزنالقطنالزهرفىاللوزة = 2.5 1- وزنالقطنالزهرفىاللوزة = 2.5

لوزات . .2-عدداللوزعلىالنبات = 20لوزة .2-عدداللوزعلىالنبات = 10 لوزة 2-عدداللوزعلىالنبات = 30نبات . نبات .3- عددالنباتاتفىالفدان = 40000 نبات .3- عددالنباتاتفىالفدان = 40000 3- عددالنباتاتفىالفدان = 40000

4- اإلنُتاجيٌٌة = )1( *)2( *)3( 4- اإلنُتاجيٌٌة = )1( *)2( *)3( 4- اإلنُتاجيٌٌة = )1( *)2( *)3( 40000 *10 * 2.5= -540001 *20 * 2.5= -540000 *30 * 2.5= -5

40000 * 25 = -640000 * 50 = -640000 * 75 = -6جم جم 7- = 1000000 جم 7- = 2000000 3000000 = -7

كجم كجم 8- = 1000 كجم 8- = 2000 3000 = -8طن طن 9- = 1 طن 9- = 2 3 = -9

كجم كجم 10- القنطارالزهر 157.5 كجم 10- القنطارالزهر 157.5 10- القنطارالزهر 157.5قنطار قنطار 11- اإلنُتاجيٌٌةللفدان / قنطار = 6.349 قنطار 11- اإلنُتاجيٌٌةللفدان / قنطار = 12.698 11- اإلنُتاجيٌٌةللفدان / قنطار = 19.047

12- فىحالٌٌةقبولخسارة 20 %12- فىحالٌٌةقبولخسارة 20 %12- فىحالٌٌةقبولخسارة 20 %قنطارللفدان قنطارللفدان 13- اإلنُتاجيٌٌة = 5.079 قنطارللفدان 13- اإلنُتاجيٌٌة = 10.158 13- اإلنُتاجيٌٌة = 15.238

حسابمُتوسطإنُتاجيٌٌةمحصولالقطن

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1.622

0.316

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Bollworms life cycle

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Cotton Belt In USAحزام القطن في الوالُيات

المُتحدة

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A. M. Albeltagy 2009

Dr. Abdallah M. Albeltagy

PPRI, Cairo

22/2/2009


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Insect Control Strategies “Bollworms Control

Technologies“

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IPM ( Integrated Pest Management)

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Insects development

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Lepidoptera )حشرات حرشفيٌٌة

األجنحٌٌة (

PBW egg

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PBW 1st Larva

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PBW Larva & Moth

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PBW damage


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1 -Biological Control Technology

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Trichogramma Wasp

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2 -Pheromones Technology


Chemoreceptors Insects have the ability to sense various chemical substances in their

environment. When these chemicals are present in gaseous form (at relatively low concentrations), they may be detected as odors (smells) by olfactory receptors. When they are in solid or liquid form (usually at higher concentrations) they are perceived as tastes by gustatory receptors. In general, the sense of taste involves direct contact with a substrate (contact chemoreception) whereas olfaction usually implies detection of compounds in gaseous or airborne form (remote chemoreception).

Taste Gustatory receptors are commonly described as thick-walled hairs, pegs, or

pits where the dendrites of several (usually up to five) sensory neurons are exposed to the environment through a single opening (pore) in the cuticle. Each neuron appears to respond to a different range of compounds (e.g. sugar, salt, water, protein, acid, etc.). Taste receptors are most abundant on the mouthparts, but may also be found on the antennae, tarsi, and genitalia (especially near the tip of the female's ovipositor).

Smell Olfactory receptors are usually thin-walled pegs, cones, or plates with

numerous pores through which airborne molecules diffuse. Dendrites of sensory neurons branch profusely within these pores and may respond to very low concentrations of detectable compounds (e.g. sex pheromones). Some receptors respond to a wide range of substances while others are highly specific. Olfactory receptors are most abundant on the antennae, but may also be associated with the mouthparts or external genitalia.

Common chemical sense High concentrations of irritant compounds (e.g. ammonia, chlorine, acids,

essential oils, etc.) simulate avoidance reactions and cleaning behavior. Insects can detect these compounds even when all known chemoreceptors have been covered or destroyed. The irritants evidently trigger a generalized response from other types of sensory neurons.

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Olfactory receptors


SmellOlfactory receptors are usually thin-walled pegs, cones, or plates with numerous pores through which airborne molecules diffuse. Dendrites of sensory neurons branch profusely within these pores and may respond to very low concentrations of detectable compounds (e.g. sex pheromones). Some receptors respond to a wide range of substances while others are highly specific. Olfactory receptors are most abundant on the antennae, but may also be associated with the mouthparts or external genitalia.

Gustatory receptors

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TasteGustatory receptors are commonly described as thick-walled hairs, pegs, or pits where the dendrites of several (usually up to five) sensory neurons are exposed to the environment through a single opening (pore) in the cuticle. Each neuron appears to respond to a different range of compounds (e.g. sugar, salt, water, protein, acid, etc.). Taste receptors are most abundant on the mouthparts, but may also be found on the antennae, tarsi, and genitalia (especially near the tip of the female's ovipositor).

Mass Trapping TechniqueSex pheromones are among the most powerful of

chemical attractants. Ever since they were first discovered by A. A. Budenandt in 1959 (from silkworm moths, Bombyx mori), these chemicals have aroused great interest because of their potential as pest control agents. During the past 30 years, chemists have identified the sex pheromones for over 300 insect species. Many of these compounds are now sold commercially. In some cases, pheromones are packaged (or encapsulated) in slow-release dispensers (rubber septa, hollow fibers, or rope wicks) that are used as lures in traps of various designs. At low densities, these pheromone traps are a valuable monitoring tool, providing information on the density and distribution of pest populations. At high densities, they can be used for mass trapping sexually active adults (usually males) in efforts to reduce population density and lower a pest's reproductive potential. A. M. Albeltagy 22/2/200963

Mating DisruptionSlow-release formulations of sex pheromones can

also be used for mating disruption. By increasing the concentration of pheromone in an insect's environment, it may be possible to make everything smell like a prospective mate. Males wear themselves out courting inanimate objects or become habituated to the odor and stop responding to it. This approach, variously known as air permeation or the innundation technique, has shown promise for controlling a number of fruit and vegetable pests, including the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), and the peachtree borer

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Bollworm moths mating at night

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PBW – Rope dispensers

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Disruption Technique, 1991,2000 Feddan

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3 -Sterile Insect Technology


Radiation Area Lable

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Sterile Male MathematicsLet's imagine a hypothetical insect pest with an initial

population of 2,000,000 individuals. The sex ratio is 1:1, so there are one million males and one million females. If each female produces an average of five daughters that live to reproduce, then the value of "r" (the population's intrinsic rate of increase) equals 5. This is a rapidly growing population! In six generations, it will grow from one million females to 3.125 billion:

Generation Number of Females 1 1,000,000 2 5,000,000 3 25,000,000 4 125,000,000 5 625,000,000 6 3,125,000,000

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Now let's try to control this population by releasing sterile males each generation. If we can release 9 million sterile males during the first generation, then there will be a total of 10 million males competing for one million females. Females will have only a 10% chance (1 in 10) of mating with a fertile male. (Assume females mate only once and sterile males are equally competative with fertile males for unmated females). Continue to release 9 million males each generation and the population heads quickly toward extinction:

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Number of Females in PopulationRatio of Sterile

GenerationIf No

Sterile Males

If Sterile Males Present

Males to Females

1 1,000,0001,000,000 9:12 5,000,000 500,000 18:13 25,000,000 131,000 68:1

4 125,000,000 9,535 944:15 625,000,000 50180,000:163,125,000,000 0

4 -Transgenic Bt cotton.

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How Bt Cotton Was Developed About ten years ago, Monsanto scientists inserted a toxin gene from the

bacterium called Bt (which is the nickname for Bacillus thuringiensis) into cotton plants to create a caterpillar-resistant variety. The gene is DNA that carries the instructions for producing a toxic protein. The toxin kills caterpillars by paralyzing their guts when they eat it. Plants with the Bt toxin gene produce their own toxin and thus can kill caterpillars throughout the season without being sprayed with insecticide. Because the toxin is lethal to caterpillars, but harmless to other organisms, it is safe for the public and the environment.

Monsanto registered their Bt gene technology under the trademark Bollgard®, and authorized selected seed companies to develop cotton varieties carrying the patented gene. In 1995 the EPA granted final clearance for the first Bt-carrying cotton variety, called NuCOTN, released by the Delta and Pine Land Company. Other seed companies such as Stoneville and Hartz are incorporating the patented technology into their cotton lines as well.

After the seed technology was developed, and enough seed was available, tests began in Arizona at The University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center and other locations to determine the field performance of the new varieties. By 1996, these first Bt cotton varieties became commercially available.

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Steve E. Naranjo


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•5 -Insecticide treatments.

الحظوا حضراتكم المشاكُل الصحيٌٌةالُتى أصبحت تُتعرض لها صحٌٌة اإلنسان

المصرى .. خاصٌٌة السرطان , والفشُل الكلوى لقد تعرضت الشهر الماضى ألحد تلَك

المصائب . ال كُتبها الله علينا أو عليكم أو على

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.


Killer Chemicals ( Pesticides)

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قال تعالى :-} من أج��ُل ذل��َك كُتبن��ا على ب��ني إس��رائيُل أن��ه من قُت��ُل نفس��ا بغ��ير نفس أو فس��اد في األرض فكأنم��ا قُت�ُل الن�اس جميع�ا ومن أحياه�ا فكأنم�ا أحي��ا الن��اس جميع��ا ولق��د ج��آءتهم رس�لنا بالبين�ات ثم إن كث�يرا منهم بع�د ذل�َك في األرض لمس�رفون { المائ�دة

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PBW Eradication Strategies In AZ

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Eradication specifics Eradication in Arizona is based on a four-year program per region with no

extension allowed. According to the ACRPC, the pink bollworm has been the most serious cotton

pest in Arizona, Southern California and northwestern Mexico for 40 years. It is considered the most destructive cotton pest in the world. In Arizona and Southern California alone, more than 72 million acre equivalents of pesticides have been applied to control the pest with an estimated cost of $1.3 billion.

The ACRPC eradication program is based on several integral areas of control. Advocated cultural practices include timely stalk destruction and the burial of crop residue. Arizona state law establishes mandatory plow down dates for each growing area.

As mentioned earlier, Bt transgenic cotton is highly encouraged and the ACRPC closely monitors for possible resistance. In conventional cotton (Upland and Pima) PB rope containing a pheromone dispenser applied at high rates on plants provides a mating disruption. Sprayable formulations are sparingly applied.

Another control mechanism is the 49 million sterile male and female moths released by air weekly over Arizona cotton fields. The moths are reared at the USDA-ARS pink bollworm sterile moth lab in Phoenix, owned by the state of California. The moth’s diet contains a red dye to distinguish them in traps from native moths. Sterile moths from the same lab are used in eradication efforts in New Mexico and West Texas.

California cotton growers have used sterile moths and pheromone trap monitoring for more than 40 years to keep pinkies out of the San Joaquin Valley. California cotton growers financed the pink bollworm rearing facility in Phoenix. Sterile pink bollworms are flown in weekly and dropped over San Joaquin Valley cotton fields.

Sterile moth technology is based on sterile moths breeding with any natives, resulting in the deposition of non-viable eggs


PBW Trap catch & infestation % models ( 8 male/ trap/ 3 nights = 3.6 % infestation),Albeltagy 1992.

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Cotton Belt In USAحزام القطن في الوالُيات

المُتحدة

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Cotton Cultivationزراعٌٌة القطن – جنوب غرب

أمرُيكا

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APHIS Lab “ Animal and Plant Health Inspection

‘Service, U.S. Dept. of Agric., 4125 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ. 85040 .

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Ingredients & quantities of 1 L. of artificial PBW diet.


232 Liter mixture

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Adding the “ Calco oil red dye“


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2560 PBW Oviposition Cages 2560 PBW Oviposition Cages

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PBW egg

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PBW hatching larva

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Here is one of the Arizona cotton growers PBW SIT planes in

Coolidge, AZ.

Here is a look at the inside of the plane, which houses the machine used to drop the sterile insects.

This shows the auger [what the insects fall into and are “churned”

out on top of cotton fields].

Here you can see Michelle Walters,

USDA, taking one of the boxes of PBW

out of the container. They are transported

in orange boxes inside of the metal

drop boxes. Triangular “cooler

packs” are removed prior to placing them

into the plane.

Off they go…. Over the cotton fields!

Off they go…. Over the cotton fields!

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Osama El - Lissy

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إنما ُيخشى اللهَ من عبادهِ ”

28فاطر- العلماءُ ”

العلماء هم كل من تخصص فى البحث عن موضوع ما , فى 1.علم ما .

إذن نحن علماء , وعلينا واجب خشية الله تعالى . ومن يخشى 2.الله , فال يخشى غيره .

ومن هنا وجب علينا إبالغ المسئولين بالمصلحة , وإال كنا 3. سنة , ثم نصره الله 950مقصرين نوح عليه السالم كافح

بالسفينة . إبراهيم عليه السالم كافح النمروذ , وأنجاه الله من النار , 4.

وجعله أمة .المسيح عليه السالم , كافح غالة اليهود , ونصره الله بالرفع .5.محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم كافح الكفر , ونصره الله تعالى .6.

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ونحن يجب أن تجه إلى زمالئنا , المسئولين عنا بأفكار 7.اإلصالح , وإال كنا مقصرين .

وإذا فعلنا فسوف ينصرنا جميعا ( نحن وهم ) الله تعالى , بأن 8.يمن علينا بالنجاح والتوفيق .

علينا اآلن أن نطالب بوقف إستخدام المبيدات الكيميائية 9.تماما , كما فعلت أمريكا, واإلتحاد األوروبى .

. حماية لإلنسان المصرى , وصحته .10. وإتجاها لزيادة الصادرات , حيث لن يسمح بتصدير المحاصيل 11

المعاملة بالمبيدات فى القريب العاجل .. إذن علينا أن نلتقى مع كافة المسئولين , لنعرض وجهة نظرنا 12

من اإلعتماد على البرامج التالية , دون إستخدام المبيدات .Pheromone Technology, Biological

control Technology, & Sterile insect Technology .

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الخاتمٌٌة جزاكم الله خيرا , وتقبل منا ومنكم ما أحسنا من

أعمالنا .

-: قال تعالى7هود- { أحسن عمال -}ليبلوكم أيكم 1

2 أحسن -} إنا جعلنا ما على األرض زينة لها لنبلوهم أيهم7الكهف- { عمال

3 إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات إنا ال نضيع أجر من {-30الكهف- { أحسن عمال

4 أحسن -} الذي خلق الموت والحياة ليبلوكم أيكم2الملك- ا {عمل

A. M. Albeltagy 22/2/2009 145

والسالم عليكم ورحمٌٌة الله وبركاته

A. M. Albeltagy 22/2/2009 146

Pink bollworm presentation2 2009

Science

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