USE OF ENGLISHSome psychologistsare worriedabout the psychological impact on those whoundergodrastic cosmetic surgery and also on those who don't and, consequently, may feel inadequate. Although radical transformations arerare, some psychologists plan to investigate thesurgein cosmeticproceduresand whether thesesurgerieshave anylastingpsychological consequences. The number of cosmetic operations increased by 44 percent from 2003 to 2004, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Plasticsurgeonsconducteda record 11.9 million procedures last 5 year, both non-surgical (like Botox) and surgical(like breastaugmentationor liposuction).How do such practices affect patients psychologically? Social workers have made a recent analysis of 37 studies on patients' psychological and psychosocial functioning before and after cosmetic surgery. It suggests positiveoutcomes in patients, includingimprovementsin body image and possibly a quality-of-lifeincreasetoo. But the same research published in April 2005 also found several elements of poor outcomes, especially for those whohold unrealistic 10expectationsor have a history of depression and anxiety. The researchers found that patients who are dissatisfied with surgery may request repeat procedures or experience depression andadjustmentproblems, social isolation, family problems, self-destructivebehaviours andangertoward the surgeon and his or herstaff.

a) Find in the text oneword meaninga doctor whose job is to perform medical operations (noun).b) Give oneoppositefor AUGMENTATION (noun)c) Find in the text a synonym for RESULT (noun)d) Complete the series with anotherwordof the samesemantic group:REQUEST, SOLICIT, IMPLORE, BEG,...e) Jointhe following sentences using arelative pronoun. Make changes if necessary.Martins mother is Spanish. She speaks both Spanish and English fluently.f) Fill in the gapwith the correct form of theverbin brackets:Someone (hit).me as I came into the room.g) Give aquestionfor the underlined words:The Members of Parliament metthe Prime Minister last Friday.h) Usethe words below to make ameaningful sentence. Use all and only the words in the boxes without changing the form. WHOLE WITH INFECTED THE HER SHE ENTHUSIASM CLASS

SYNONYMSEach of us with hearing andvocal cordscan sing, but many of us do not enjoy this primitivepleasurebecause ofself-consciousnessandshameat the sounds we make. As with any other human capacity, theless wesing, the less we believe we arecapableof doing it well.Aninabilityto sing has become so common that there are now classes and camps to help people make, hear, and appreciate the sounds of theirownvoices. Paul Winter, a giftedmusician and composer, oftenholdssummer singing camps for adults. Though he travels andperforms internationally to bring musical traditions of different cultures together, and haspioneeredthe use of natural sounds in his compositions, he finds that getting the silent to sing is one of the mostgratifyingthings in music. With the simple act of singing people's lives change.Perhaps the need to use all oursensesexplains why a decreasein such school "extras" as music, art, dance, and gym often seems to parallel the loss of studentself esteem caused by other academic subjects. And as adults, we tend tonarrowour forms of self-expression even more. Any one of our human capacities, whenunused, leaves a small hole in thefabricof our self-esteem. Think of the times you have said: "I can't write," "I can't paint," "I can't run", "I can't dance", "I can't sing." Since this was not literally true, you were really saying: "I'm not acceptable as I am."

Find the words in the text that mean: Talented Plays music Rewarding Structure

TRUE OR FALSEPrehistoric man was thought to have practised tattooing, that is, puncturing the skin with toolsdippedin pigment that left a permanent mark. And mummies with decorative tattoos have been discovered in many parts of the world. Yet for nearly as long as there has been tattooing, there has been condemnation.The Romans considered decorative tattooing barbaric, which is still evident in the Latin word for tattoo, stigma, and used tattoos to mark slaves and criminals. Despite its deeprootsin ancient cultures, tattooing had fallen out of practice in Europe by the time Britain's Captain Cook set sail for the Polynesian Islands in 1768.Though Cook and his men were not the first Europeans to encounter Oceanic tattooing, they were the first to record the practice systematically.Cook also introduced to the English language the word tattoo, taken from the Tahitian. Cook's men did not fully understand the significance of tattooing among the Oceanic people, for whom the designs were symbolic protection against earthly enemies. Yet the sailors were fascinated andeagerto be marked themselves. They adopted the practice with gusto, designing mariner motifs of their own. A turtle meant a sailor had crossed the equator, and ananchorthat he had sailed the Atlantic. Crucifixion scenes were also popular motifs --a vain attempt to avoid being beaten, as it was hoped no one would dare hit the image of Christ.Today, all types of people get tattooed. Though the art was adopted from distant cultures and adapted tosuitWestern tastes, the attraction of tattooing has changed very little.

Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. Fashionable people in the Roman world had tattoos The origin of the word tattoo in English is unknown

WRITE IN YOUR OWN WORDSDo animals have rich emotional lives? For people who spend a lot of time with animals, these are silly questions. Common sense tells us that our animal companions doindeedshow happiness, sadness, anger, jealousy and grief. However, common sense is sometimes difficult to reconcile with science sense, which looks for repeatable observations under controlled conditions. But emotions are often brief and unrepeatable.For centuries, the inner lives of animals were ignored because we assumed animals were automatons- biological machines ruled simply byurgesand instincts, responding mechanically to stimuli they were confronted with. However, we share nearly 99 percent of our genetic material with our nearest biological relative, the chimpanzee. Is it possible, then, that with so much in common, we have emotions and other creatures do not?Like people, animals behave in recognizablewayswhen feeling happiness,griefor anger. In addition,the study of neurobiology reveals that different species of animals have in common both certain brain structures and the chemicals that transmit information within those structures. Today many scientists are accepting that non-human animals do indeed experience emotions and there is increasing evidence that birds, reptiles and fish experience some kind of emotional activity as well. The study of animal emotions has become an exciting field that is quicklymaking up forlost time. According to some scientists, in the last ten years we have probably learned as much as we did in the previous one hundred.In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions.a. Why did animal emotions go unnoticed for many years?b. What scientific evidence is there to show that animals experience emotions?

COMPOSITIONWrite about 100 to 150 words in the following topic: Some people believe that children under the age of 13 should not have mobile phones. What do you think? Discuss.Planificacin Tormenta de ideas: piensa en vocabulario relacionado con este tema:mobile phones; teenagers, forbid, harmful, useless, text messages... Organiza las ideas teniendo en cuenta que la redaccin debe expresar tu opinin personal. Comienza presentando el tema del que vas a escribir y tu opinin sobre l (responde a la pregunta:What do you think? Conclusin: refuerza tu opinin con un argumento final. Divide las ideas en prrafos. Utiliza expresiones para organizar, relacionar o aadir ideas y para presentar tu opinin personal:in addition, first, therefore, furthermore, I strongly believe, I think..