Próxima generación de imagen, grabación y voz en cabina

1 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright

Defense Solutions Division

Horizon Technologies Seminar

Next Generation Cockpit

Image Voice & Data Recording

Paul Hart

Chief Technology Officer, Avionics & Electronics


Contents History of Flight Recording – overview

Anatomy of a Flight Recorder

– Electronics - Solid-State Memory – Crash Protection – Fire Insulation – Ultrasonic Locator Beacon

Deployable Recorders

What’s recorded:

– CVR - Cockpit Voice Recorder

– FDR - Flight Data Recorder

– AIR - Airborne Image Recorder

– CPDLC - Controller Pilot Data Link Communications

What are the rules? Industry Standards, ED112A MOPS & EASA/FAA Regulations

– ICAO Classes of Recorder

– EASA/FAA TSOs

– ARINC 747/757/767

– RTCA DO-254 / DO-178 / DO-160G

Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

EASA Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) / FAA Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) / (FDAP)

Flight Data Streaming


58 Year Track Record in Flight Recording

Full Product Range for Civil & Military Aircraft, Fixed & Rotary-Wing

Voice

Flight Data

Video/Image

Datalink

1957 2015

First magnetic crash recorder in service Fortress - 3rd Generation Solid-State Recorder


Munich Air Disaster 6th February 1958


58 Year Track Record in Flight Recording

Full Product Range for Civil & Military Aircraft, Fixed & Rotary-Wing

Voice

Flight Data

Video/Image

Datalink

1957 2015

First magnetic crash recorder in service Fortress - 3rd Generation Solid-State Recorder


CSMU – Crash Survivable Memory Module

Memory capacity: up to 96GB (12x8GB devices)

Dimensions: L102xW80.5xH102 mm

Weight: 2.4lbs / 1.1kg maximum

Memory Devices

Thermal Insulation Layers

Titanium Housing


Crash Survivability Requirements

Fire (High Intensity) - 1100°C for 60 minutes

Fire (Low Intensity) - 260°C for 10 hours


Horizontal Stabilizer Trim Tank

CVR

FDR


Air Inter 148 CFIT 28th January 1992


ULB- Ultrasonic Locator Beacon

Ultrasonic Locator Beacon 37.5 kHz ± 1 kHz

1060 dynes/cm2rms pressure @ 1 meter

90 day battery life (TSOs for new build 30 day battery withdrawn by EASA & FAA)


Fortress Recorder: Voice Data Video Datalink

System PEC – electronic provisions for: ARINC 757 – conventional ARINC 717 FDR, 4 channel analog audio CVR

ARINC 767 – Flight Critical Ethernet/ARINC 664 Part 7

Ethernet – 100/1000 Base-T UDP & TCP/IP

Connector PEC - adapted for host aircraft Electrical connector for conventional ARINC 757

Large pinout population connector for Data Acquisition variants

Fibre-optic for ARINC664P7

Tri-Axial connectors for MIL-STD-1553B (transformer coupled)

CSMU – Crash Survivable Memory Unit Can be supplied as stand-alone product to integrators

Up to 96GB crash protected memory

Gigabit Ethernet download

Expansion Ports - SDBI Dual SDBI Ports (Standard Data Board Interface)

Enable expansion cards to be fitted either side of CSMU

Data Acquisition Card

MIL-STD-1553B Card

Recorder Encryption Module

Ultrasonic Locator Beacon Meets latest EASA/FAA Regulations

90 day battery life

Extended pulse and increased repetition rate

Power Supply 28V DC and 115v 200-800Hz “wild frequency” ac

Meets stringent level 3 EMC categories for composite aircraft

Processor and RTOS Freescale P1016 clocked @533MHz

Windriver VXWorks 6.9 with Curtiss-Wright BSP


Fortress – DO-160G Environmental Qualification & EMC DO-160G Environmental Condition

Category Means of Compliance Section Description

4.0 Temperature and Altitude A1 Test

5.0 Temperature Variation C Test

6.0 Humidity A Test

7.0 Operation shocks and Crash safety B

Test

8.0 Vibration R(C,C1) Test

9.0 Explosion Proofness E Test

10.0 Waterproofness W Test

11.0 Fluids Susceptibility F Test

12.0 Sand and Dust D Test

13.0 Fungus Resistance F Analysis

14.0 Salt Spray X N/A

15.0 Magnetic Effect A Test

16.0 Power Input Z(XX) Test

17.0 Voltage Spike A Test

18.0 Audio Frequency Conducted Susceptibility —

Power Input R

Test

19.0 Induced signal susceptibility CWX

Test

20.0 Radio Frequency susceptibility RR

Test

21.0 Emission of Radio Frequency Energy M

Test

22.0 Lightning induced transient susceptibility A3J3L3

Test

23.0 Lightning Direct Effects X N/A

24.0 Icing X N/A

25.0 Electrostatic Discharge A Test

26.0 Fire, Flammability C Analysis


EUROCAE ED112A Crash Survivability Requirements

Fire (High Intensity) - 1100°C for 60 minutes

Fire (Low Intensity) - 260°C for 10 hours

Impact Shock - 3,400G for 6.5 ms

Static Crush – 22,250N (5,000lb) for 5 minutes /axis

Fluid Immersion - Immersion in aircraft fluids 24hr

Water Immersion - 30 day sea water

Penetration Resistance – 227kg (500 lb.) Dropped from 3m (10 ft.) with a

6.35mm (¼-inch) diameter contact point

Hydrostatic Pressure - Pressure equivalent to depth of 6,000m (20,000 ft.)


Fortress – Technical Summary Key Features Lightweight: 5.7lb / 2.6kg (max)

Small Form Factor: 237Lx113Wx106H mm. No rack needed – direct airframe mounting

Available as a Cockpit Voice (CVR), Flight Data (FDR) or Combined Voice and Flight Data

Recorder (CVFDR) including Datalink (CPDLC recording)

Image recording option via Ethernet Camera and/or external MFD video multiplexer

Gigabit download port for Flight Data Monitoring/FOQA applications

FDR Flight Data Recorder ARINC747-3 and ARINC767 compliant

25 hours @64-2048wps

Data format meets ARINC717-15, Ethernet (100BaseT/GbE) and ARINC664P7

CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder ARINC757A and ARINC757-5 compliant

CVR inputs: analog audio or digital CAM

30 minute/1/2/10/15/25 hour recording durations

All 6 ED112A classes supported + EASA opinion 01/2014 for 25 hour CVR duration

DLR Datalink Recorder ARINC 429 CPDLC Input

30 minute/1/2/10/15/25 hour duration (as per CVR)

TSO Certification Will be certified to EASA & FAA TSOs (Nov-16)

TSO-c123B Cockpit Voice Recorder

TSO-c124B Flight Data Recorder

TSO-c121B Ultrasonic Locator Beacon (90-day)

TSO-c176 Image Recording

TSO-c177 Datalink recording


Deployable Recorders

COSPAS-SARSAT Satellite: 121.5MHz / 243MHz / 406MHz

Deployable aerofoil

conformal with

fuselage

Crash detection using

frangible switches and/or

detection wire

Pyrotechnic release

mechanism


Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

Audio System Captain Microphone/Headset

First Officer Microphone/Headset

Area Microphone

3rd Crew Member Microphone/Headset

Today – analog audio

Tomorrow

VoIP using ARINC 664pt7 AFDX

Digitised Audio using AES3 (Audio Engineering Society)

ED112A specifies

6x CVR Classes 30 min

1 hour

2 hours – current mandate for Pt121

10 hours

15 hours increasing to 20 – EASA Notice of

Proposed Amendment

25 hours

Cockpit Voice Recorder - CVR


Fortress – Cockpit Voice Recording features

CAM Audio

Test/Erase

Cockpit Area Microphone (CAM) 150Hz – 6kHz (Analog / VoIP / AES3 Encoded)

Control Unit CVFDR TEST

CVR ERASE

CAM Pre-Amplifier/Digitizer

CVR Audio (Analog / VoIP / AES3 Encoded)

28V DC

Aircraft Power

ARINC 624 Onboard Maintenance System

1GbEthernet Download

Co-

Pilot Pilot

BITE Status

3rd

Crew

Member

Recorder Control Discrete

Optional RIPS (Recorder Independent Power Supply)


Flight Data Recorder

FDR capacity

25 hours

Engine Parameters N1, N2

EGT °C

Engine Warnings

Thrust Reverser Position

Air Data / Attitude Pressure Altitude

Indicated Airspeed

RadAlt

Roll/Pitch/Yaw

Heading

OAT/TAT

Control Surface Positions

Cockpit Input Forces (Para 88)

Autopilot/Flight Director MCP/FCC Modes

Engagement Status

AFCS Modes

Navigation Lat/Long

ILS Localiser/ Glideslope

Marker Beacon

ARINC 429

Analog

CSDB

ASCB

Discretes

ARINC 573/717

64–512 w/s

Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU)


Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe


Airborne Image Recording

Zone masking to remove pilots from the image


CPDLC – Controller Pilot DataLink Communication

NextGen & SESAR Single European Sky ATM Research

- Major redesign of the Air Traffic System in North America & Europe

- Joint FAA, EASA program. Implementation already underway, full capability by 2020

- Core principle is to migrate from indirect air corridors and turning points to 4D Trajectory Management – position airplanes in the

sky at the right height, latitude, longitude and time (fly direct from A to B, no time in the holding pattern)

- Key objectives –

1. Enable the Air Traffic System to handle 3 times more traffic

2. Improve safety by a factor of 10

3. Reduce environmental impact per flight by 10%

4. Cut Air Traffic Management costs by 50%


Irkut MC-21 Flight Data Management and Recording System

EFDMU Enhanced Flight Data Management Unit

Cockpit Area Microphones (x2)

100Hz-6kHz

Cockpit Camera 1080p Full HD

Zone Masking (Pilots Union requirement)

Recorded @4fps (ED112a requirement)

Wireless Datalink Modem/Router+2.4/5GHz Antenna

WiFi 2.4/5GHz

UMTS/3G/4G Cellular

Control Unit

Tri-Axial

Accelerometer

Fortress Recorders (x2) Cockpit Voice Recorder Flight Data Recorder Datalink Video Image


Regulations & Industry Standards

EUROCAE, Paris European Organisation for Civil

Aviation Equipment

FDR Working Group

ARINC/SAE

Annapolis MD, USA AEEC Committee

MOPS ED-112A Minimum

Operational Performance

Specification

ARINC Standards

ARINC 757 Analog CVR

ARINC717 FDR

ARINC767 AFDX / ARINC664 Pt7

RTCA

Washington DC

RTCA Standards

DO-160G Environmental Qualification/EMC

DO-254 Complex Hardware

DO-178C Software Certification


Regulations & Industry Standards

EUROCAE, Paris European Organisation for Civil

Aviation Equipment

FDR Working Group

MOPS ED-112A Minimum

Operational Performance

Specification

EASA (ETSO) and FAA TSOs (Technical Standards Orders)

TSO-C123B Cockpit Voice Recorder

TSO-C124B Flight Data Recorder

TSO-C121B Ultrasonic Locator Beacon

TSO-C155A Recorder Interruptible Power Supply

TSO-C176 Image Recording

TSO-C177 Datalink recording


Flight Recorders - EASA/FAA legislation

Note:

CVR = TSO-C123a

FDR = TSO-C124a

Seats= passenger seats

Operating Regulations

Part 91 Part 121 Part 125 Part 129 Part 133 Part 135

General Operating and Flight

Rules. All craft except Ultralight

Operating Requirements:

Domestic, Flag, and

Supplemental

Certification + Operations:

20+ seats or TOW

>2730kg

Foreign Air Carriers +

Ops. Of U.S.-Reg.

Craft Engaged In

Common carriage

Rotorcraft External-

Load Operations

Operating Requirements:

Commuter And On Demand

Operations

Air

wo

rth

ines

s S

tan

dar

ds P

art

23

Normal, Utility, Acrobatic

and Commuter Airplanes

Normal, Utility, Acrobatic (NUA)

< 9 seats + TOW<5700kg > 6 passenger seats= 2h CVR

Turbine engine craft 2h

CVR; > 25,000ft 25h FDR

NA

As part 121, 125 or

135. NA

> 6 seats= 2h CVR

Commuter: < 19 seats, TOW

<8600kg As above; > 10 seats = 25h

FDR

>6,000lb, 25h FDR; 2h

CVR

> 10 seats= FDR

> 6 seats= 2h CVR

Par

t 25

Transport Category

Airplanes Not classified NUA.

Par

t 27

Normal Category Rotorcraft < 9 passenger seats and

TOW<3180kg > 6 seats = 2h CVR.

NA NA FDR and CVR regs

match part 135 NA

> 6 seats= 2h CVR

Par

t 29

Transport Category

Rotorcraft

Category A: >10 seats or

TOW>9090kg

> 10 seats, 25h FDR

> 6 seats = 2h CVR > 10 seats, 25h FDR

> 6 seats= 2h CVR

Category B: < 9 seats +

TOW<9090kg > 6 seats = 2h CVR

6 seats= 2h CVR


Flight Recorders - EASA/FAA legislation and Minimal Military Requirement

General Aviation Executive Jets Helicopters <2,730kg Helicopters >2,730kg Turboprops Regional Jets Narrowbody Jets Widebody Jets

Unmanned Air Vehicles

Military Trainers

Military Fast Jet

Military Small Helicopters

Military Large Helicopters

Military Transport/ Tanker/MPA

CVR > 6 pax seats

ICMS (Part 135 only)

CVFDR

FDR 25 hours CVR 4x2 hours

CVR >6 pax seats <10

Future generation aircraft :FDR 25 hours CVR 20 hour (EASA NPA)

CPDLC 20 hours AIR Airborne Image Recording 2 hours @4fps

FDR 25 hours CVR 4x2

hours

CVFDR

Encrypted CVFDR

CSMU w/1553B Encrypted FDR

CVFDR

Encrypted CVFDR


Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

Manufacturers Scheduled Maintenance: RIPS Battery Inspection

6 year Ultrasonic Beacon battery replacement

Regulatory Requirements: Annual FDR serviceability report

The aircraft operator is responsible for ensuring that all mandatory parameters from a “Representative

Flight” are producing a valid data recording. CAA stipulates this in CAP731 (ref Chapter 7)

http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP731.PDF. Most airlines contract this work out to 3rd parties and send

either a raw data file downloaded from the FDR or the FDR itself. The readout service provider will

then convert the data into Engineering Units (they will need the Data Frame Layout) and produce a

checklist report – that shows parameters are serviceable or “flatliners”. The readout provider will then

issue – assuming the parameters are serviceable – an EASA Form 1 with the Box 12 Status/Work

marked as “Inspected”

http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP731.PDF


EASA Flight Data Monitoring

Flight Operational Trends approaching limits of Safe Flight Envelope

Rushed approaches, late configuration changes, over-rotations

http://www.foqa.com/foqa-guide/what-is-foqa/

http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/EAFDM_GoodPractice_FDMOversight_v1.pdf

AMM Exceedences/Abnnormal Parameter Shifts

FDR/QAR data processing and analysis identify an Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) exceedence

that would trigger a maintenance inspection to take place.

Examples would be - hard landings, use of flaps above a certain airpeed, engine overtemp.

http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/safety-and-research-docs-eafdm-EAFDM---Developing-

standardised-FDM-based-indicators.pdf (see page 14 for definition of “Exceedence Detection”)











http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/safety-and-research-docs-eafdm-EAFDM---Developing-standardised-FDM-based-indicators.pdf






















Replay & Analysis – FOQA/FDM/FDAP

Gigabit Ethernet port

ARINC 647 FRED File


Replay & Analysis- Professional Ground Station (PGS)

3D Animation module

Aircraft modelling and livery

detailing

Cockpit Instrument design and modelling


Internet

Airline Operations ControlEnroute ATC Center Airline Maintenance Control Engine Maintenance/ECTM Fuel, Weather, Flight Data Analysis

Iridium Ground Earth Station

EMERGENCY

Flight Data Streaming

FORTRESS 1 EFDMU FORTRESS 2

Cockpit Video & Flight Data Parameters

Voice / Flight / Datalink / Video Voice / Flight / Datalink / Video

AFIRS

Iridium

Antenna

Automatic Flight Information Reporting System

Triggered Data Streaming


Encrypted Recording 256AES “on-the-fly”

AES-256

Audio / Data

In

Audio / Data

Out

(CSMU)

Data Path

Red Data

Black Data

On-Board RN

Source

AES Key

Generator

RSA

AES Key

(CSMU)

Key Path

Red AES Key

Red AES Key

Red Random

Data

Black AES

Key

Public Key

Curtiss-Wright IP = Value Propositions to Customers Uses “Asymmetric” cryptographic algorithm - computationally light for

writing, computationally heavy for replay

= Minimized cost of airborne equipment

Random number generator creates Public key internally. Dispenses

with the need for authorization tokens issued to pilots and controlled

by custodian ground staff

= Significantly reduces logistics costs


Product Spinoff – In-Line Datalink Encryptor?


Fortress 6x6 – 6 Versions for 6 Markets – based on 1 core product

Fortress – CSMU Crash Survivable Memory Unit

Up to 96GB SLC storage

Serial databus connection

Integrated into Mission System

Fortress – ARINC757 Standard CVR/FDR/Datalink/CVFDR

Part 91 Executive Jets

Part 121/135 Airliners/Regional

Fortress – ARINC767 ARINC664P7 Flight Critical Ethernet

Latest generation airliners

Latest generation large helicopters

Fortress – DAFR Data Acquisition & Flight Recorder

Helicopters (civil/mil)

Light Trainer Turboprops (mil)

Integrated HUMS option

Fortress – MIL MIL-STD-1553 Data Bus

Encryption options

Military Programs

Combat SAR, Fast Jet

Fortress – Ethernet 100BASE-TX UDP, 1588PTP

Lightweight Airliner solution (non-ARINC664P7)

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/images/ch-53k-image01.jpg

http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110908153823/empiresandallies/images/5/5d/KAI_KF-X_FIghter_Jet.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-16_June_2008.jpg


Fortress – Key Features

Features Benefits

Installed weight approx 2.4kg less than lightest

competitor

Approx $600/year fuel saving cost

(based on $60/kg on 150-seat class airliner)

Integrated Data Acquisition Further weight/space savings on light helicopters and turboprop trainers

Dual-redundant CVR/FDR architecture Reduces risk of aircraft being grounded (48 hours MEL limit) if one of the

recording functions failed downroute

CVR/FDR part number commonality Half the spares inventory cost compared with dissimilar CVR & FDR

Automated CVR test features Reduced crew workload during aircraft start-up

Gigabit Ethernet port Allows connection to AFIRS / SATCOM flight tracking. Fast retrieval of flight

recorded data via USB3 media or wireless datalink for FOQA/FDM

Built-in Web Server Does not require expensive proprietary ground support equipment. Regular

laptop/PC used for data download, BITE status.

Enhanced EMC/Lightning protection

(RTCA/DO-160G Section 22, Level 3)

High reliability – especially on composite aircraft


Defense Solutions Division

Thank You !

Q&A Paul Hart

CTO Curtiss-wright Avionics & Electronics

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