Recensión. Evolución Del Concepto de Discapacidad.

7/23/2019 Recensin. Evolucin Del Concepto de Discapacidad.

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TOG (A Corua) Vol 11. Num 19. May 2014. ISSN 1885-527. !!!.r"#$%&a&o'.om

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RECENSIN: EVOLUCIN DELCONCEPTO SOCIAL DEDISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL

RECENSSION: SOCIALDEVELOPMENT OF THECONCEPT OF INTELLECTUALDISABILITY

Palabras clave: "&ra%o m"+&al ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual,$m"+%$o+"% "#alua$+ /ro"%o% am$o% a/oyo% r"ur%o%Ke!"r#s: M"+&al r"&ar,a&$o+ $+&"ll"&ual ,$%a$l$&y,$m"+%$o+% "#alua&$o+ /ro"%%"% a+'"% %u//or&r"%our"%DECS:"&ra%o m"+&al ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual ,$m"+%$o+"%

"#alua$+ /ro&oolo% am$o% a/oyo%Mes$: I+&"ll"&ual 3$%a$l$&y I+&"ll"&ual 3$%a$l$&y #alua&$o+ /ro&ool% a+'" Su//or&.

A%&"r:

D'a( Rebeca Ar)"s" Ferre*r"4%&u,$a+&" ," Gra,o "+ T"ra/$a O(u/a($o+al.5+$#"r%$,a, ," A Coruar""a.ar+o%o.6"rr"$rou,."%

Ar&+c%l" s"bre el ,%e se $ace la rece)s*-)or&uo+,o Sao M. #olu$+ ,"l o+"/&o %o$al ,",$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual. "# Cua+a Salu, l$a r"#$%&a"+ la I+&"r+"&:. 2004 3$ $&a,o 2014 Ar 14: ; >%$"lo.%l,.u>%$"lo.//?%r$/&@%$ar&&"B&/$,@S08D4-+um19/,6%>r""+%$o+1./,6

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Res%.e) #el ar&+c%l"

l ar&Fulo om$"+a a$"+,o

,$%&$+$+ "+&r" la $m/or&a+$a ,""m/l"ar "l &Hrm$+o r"&ra%o m"+&al

o ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual y lo%

,$6"r"+&"% /la+&"am$"+&o% y

,$%u%$o+"% u" "%&o o+ll"#a.

Sur'" la $,"a ," la%

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1992 a%&a "l ao 2002. S"

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u" ll"#a "l &Hrm$+o Lr"&ra%o


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RESUMEN+ "l %$'u$"+&" ar&Fulo %" ar'um"+&a la "#olu$+ ,"lo+"/&o %o$al ," la ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual a &ra#H% ,"la+*l$%$% $%&r$o y ," la %$&ua$+ a&ual. S" ,"%r$" u" la,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual "% u+ /rol"ma %o$al y om/l"Jo#$%&o ," ,$#"r%a% 6orma% y %"'+ "l /"rFo,o %o$o-ul&urala+al$a,o. A &ra#H% ," "%&a r""+%$+ %" $+&"+&ar* #$+ular alo+"/&o ," ou/a$+

SUMMARYT" 6ollo!$+' ar&$l" ,"%r$"% &" "#olu&$o+ o6 &" %o$alo+"/& o6 $+&"ll"&ual ,$%a$l$&y &rou' &" $%&or$al a+aly%$%o6 &" urr"+& %$&ua&$o+ a+, ar'u",. 3"%r$", &a& $+&"ll"&ual,$%a$l$&y $% a om/l"B %o$al /rol"m %""+ $+ #ar$ou% !ay%a+, aor,$+' &o &" %o$o-ul&ural /"r$o,. Trou' &$%r""%%$o+ !$ll a&&"m/& &o l$+ &" o+"/& o6 ou/a&$o+

m"+&al %" o/&a /or /ro/o+"r u+

am$o "+ la &"rm$+olo'Fa. No

o%&a+&" "+ u+ /r$+$/$o %" ,"$,"

ma+&"+"rlo am/l$a+,o a,"m*% "lo+"/&o ," L,$%a/a$,a,

$+&"l"&ual ," 6orma u" amo%

/u",a+ %"r "m/l"a,o% "+

%$&ua$o+"% ,$%&$+&a% %"'+ "l

o+&"B&o. + %/aa %" a"/&a "m/l"ar ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual y "%&a ,"$%$+

"% a/roa,a "+ *m$&o ," la% or'a+$a$o+"% EAS omo la m*% a/ro/$a,a y

/or la% 6am$l$a%.

S" /ro,u" u+ am$o ," o+"/$+ %or" "l /la+&"am$"+&o mul&$,$m"+%$o+al

," la ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual "l$m$+a+,o la% &"+,"+$a% r",u$o+$%&a%

mo,$6$a+,o la% ,$m"+%$o+"% ," a+*l$%$% a%&a $+o "+ 2002= La$l$,a,"%

$+&"l"&ual"%; LCo+,u&a a,a/&a&$#a; Lar&$$/a$+ I+&"ra$o+"% y ol"%

So$al"%; LSalu, (6F%$a m"+&al "&$ol'$a) y LCo+&"B&o (am$"+&"% y

ul&ura).

Ka r"la$+ u" %" /ro/o+" "+&r" la% ,$m"+%$o+"% +o "% a,"m*% ," 6orma

$+,$#$,ual$%&a %$+o u" &o,a% $m/l$a+ u+a $+&"ra$+ "+&r" "lla% al mar'"+ ,"

la% ara&"rF%&$a% o6r"$,a% ," 6orma $+,$#$,ual. S" /r"&"+," o+o"r o+

mayor lar$,a, la +a&ural"a mul&$,$m"+%$o+al ," la ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual y

/r"%"+&ar ,$r"&r$"% /ara ,$a'+o%&$ar la%$6$ar y /la+$6$ar lo% a/oyo%.

To,o "%&o %u/o+" u&$l$ar m",$,a% "%&a+,ar$a,a% y r"u$"r" o&"+"r

$+6orma$+ a,$$o+al a&"+,$"+,o al Ju$$o lF+$o ," lo% "B/"r&o%. N""%ar$o

/ara ,"%arrollar u+ /"r6$l a,"ua,o ," a/oyo%. l /"r6$l ," +""%$,a,"% ,"

a/oyo %" "%&al"" "+ +u"#" *r"a% (,"%arrollo uma+o "+%"a+a y

",ua$+ #$,a "+ "l o'ar #$,a "+ omu+$,a, "m/l"o %alu, y %"'ur$,a,

o+,u&ual %o$al /ro&"$+ y ,"6"+%a)


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Rece)s*-): Rece)s*-): ev"l%c*-) #el c")ce0&" s"c*al #e #*sca0ac*#a# *)&elec&%al(


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D*sc%s*-)

l ar&Fulo a" u+a rF&$a o+ r"%/"&o al "m/l"o ," lo% &Hrm$+o% y omo la

6orma ," +omrar a la% /"r%o+a% $+6luy" /o%$&$#a o +"'a&$#am"+&" %"'+ +o%

r"6$ramo%. 1:

Ka% /"r%o+a% o+$"+ "l ,$a'+o%&$o ," 6orma +"'a&$#a al"Ja+,o la%

ara&"rF%&$a% ,"l $+,$#$,uo o+ %u 6u+$o+am$"+&o. Au+u" "+ lo% l&$mo% ao%

%" a+ /ro,u$,o a#a+"% "% al'o o+ lo u" %"'u$mo% /"la+,o oy "+ ,Fa. l

r"&ra%o m"+&al /o%"" u+ ma&$ "%&$'ma&$a+&". 2:

3"%," la a%o$a$+ AAM a+ o/&a,o /or "m/l"ar "l &Hrm$+o ," r"&ra%o m"+&al

Ju%&$6$a+,o u" ,"" u&$l$ar%" %"'+ lo% /ro/%$&o% y o+&"B&o%. S$ "% $"r&o

u" "l au&or /ro/o+" r",u$r "l u%o ," la "&$u"&a ,$a'+o%&$a "Blu%$#am"+&"

"+ a%o% "+ lo% u" ayu," a la /"r%o+a (omo "+ la a&$#$,a, $+#"%&$'a,ora

,$a'+o%&$a $+&"r,$%$/l$+ar o /ara ,"&"rm$+ar a/oyo% y r"ur%o%) /"ro "l$'"

omo m"Jor o/$+ ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual. 1:

Au+u" lo% a#a+"% %o+ l"+&o% "+ "l &$"m/o "B$%&"+ $m/or&a+&"% /"u"o%

/a%o% u" %" a+ /ro,u$,o omo la /ro/u"%&a "a "+ 2002 am/l$a+,o u+a

+u"#a ,$m"+%$+ ,o+," aora "l mo,"lo &"r$o &"+,r* "+ o+%$,"ra$+

Lar&$$/a$+ I+&"rr"la$o+"% y ol"% So$al"%. 1:

Ka ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual "% u+ /rol"ma %o$al om/l"Jo #$%&o ," ,$6"r"+&"%

/"r%/"&$#a%. l r"&ra%o m"+&al +o "% %olo +$ "Blu%$#am"+&" u+ /rol"mamH,$o o $"+&F6$o; %$+o &am$H+ y %or" &o,o u+ /rol"ma %o$al. Ka %o$",a,

,"&"rm$+a %$ /u","+ &"+"r u+a L,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual /oruH %" "%&al""

%u m$+u%#alFa y mo ,""+ ," %"r &ra&a,o% &ra%la,a+ "l /o,"r %or" la /ro/$a

%alu, a u+ Ju$$o aJ"+o. A&ualm"+&" ,"%/uH% ," lo% am$o% ," la AAM "%&a

#$%$+ /ro'r"%a ," 6orma ,$%r"&a au+u" ,"/"+,$"+,o ,"l o+&"B&o /olF&$o y

%o$al ," a,a /aF%.


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Ka% 6aul&a,"% y /ro/$",a,"% /%Fu$a% ," lo% $+,$#$,uo% %" 6orma+ "+ "l

/ro"%o ," %u #$,a "+ la %o$",a, y %o+ ,"&"rm$+a,a% /or la% o+,$$o+"%

%o$al"% o+r"&a%. l omr" &oma o+$"+$a ," %F m$%mo o+,$$o+a,o

%$"m/r" /or %u a&$&u, a$a lo% ,"m*% $+,$#$,uo%.

Ka AAM &$"+" 'ra+ /r"%&$'$o "+ "l mu+,o ," la ,$%a/a$,a, u+a ," %u%

/r"ou/a$o+"% a %$,o o+%"'u$r u+a ,"l$m$&a$+ lara y +o ,$%r$m$+a&or$a ,"

la o+,$$+ ," la% /"r%o+a% o+ r"&ra%o m"+&al. l /u+&o ," /ar&$,a ," %u

,"6$+$$+ "ra "+ "l o"6$$"+&" $+&"l"&ual &om*+,olo omo u+ ,a&o oJ"&$#o.

Co+%$,"ro u" "%&" +o "% "l "J" 6u+,am"+&al %$+o u" a/or&a u+ ,a&o m*% y

u" +o ,"" %"'u$r%" l$&"ralm"+&" "l r"%ul&a,o ," "%&a #alora$+. Kaa&"'or$a$+ +umHr$a /u"," a/or&ar $+6orma$+ a,$$o+al. Ta+ %olo ,o%

ao% ,"%/uH% (1959) +o %" u$a "l r"+,$m$"+&o a /ru"a% "Blu%$#am"+&"

"%&a+,ar$a,a% om$"+a a &"+"r%" "+ u"+&a la a/a$,a, /"r%o+al ,"

a,a/&ar%" a la% o+,$$o+"% u" l" $m/o+" "l m",$o "+ u" %" ,"%"+#u"l#".

To,a /"r%o+a o+ l$m$&a$o+"% %$'+$6$a&$#a% "+ %u r"+,$m$"+&o $+&"l"&ual &$"+"

u" /o,"r a%um$r %u rol %o$al "+ la% o+,$$o+"% m*% /o%$&$#a% /o%$l"% y "+

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"l$m$+a$+ ," arr"ra% "+ la omu+$a$+ o "+ m",$o% ," $+6orma$+ "+ "l

a"%o a la ",ua$+ la ul&ura "l o$o "l ,"/or&" la /r*&$a /olF&$a o "+ la

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+orma&$#o% ," &o,a% la% /"r%o+a% o+ l$m$&a$o+"%.


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a/oyo% +a&ural"% omo lo% u" %" a%a+ "+ lo% %"r#$$o% ",ua&$#o% o %o$al"%.

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," la% /"r%o+a% o+ ,$%a/a$,a, %o+ al'u+o ," lo% #alor"% /r$+$/$o% y

,"r"o% /or lo% u" a&uamo% %o+ "l /r$+$/al a/$&al u" &"+"mo% muo%

/ro6"%$o+al"% $+#"%&$'a,or"% o r"%/o+%al"% ," lo /l$o y ," or'a+$a$o+"%

%o$al"%.2:

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or'a+$a$o+"% or$o+&al"% a%*+,o%" "+ "%&$lo% ," /"+%am$"+&o ,"l %$'lo I

o+ u+ %$%&"ma 'loal ," a/oyo% "+&ra,o% "+ la /"r%o+a m*% u" /"+%a+,o "+

lo% %"r#$$o% &ra,$$o+al"%. Ka% or'a+$a$o+"% ,""+ "%&ar "+&ra,a% "+ a/oyo%

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u" %o+ /romo&ora% a&$#a% ,"l am$o /ara m"Jorar la al$,a, ," #$,a.25:

Val"rac*-) cr+&*ca

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au+u" u",a muo /or a#a+ar lo% am$+o% %" #a+ &raa+,o.

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Recensión. Evolución Del Concepto de Discapacidad.

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Transcript of Recensión. Evolución Del Concepto de Discapacidad.