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7/25/2019 Registro y Medicion de Infiltracion.docx Espaa

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REGISTRO Y MEDICION DE INFILTRACION

HIDROLOGIA SUPERFICIAL

INGENIERO: MIGUELANGEL BRICEO CHAN

INTEGRANTES:SANCHEZ ESPAA LUIS ALBERTO

OSCAR FRANCISCO HIDALGO GOMEZ

ELSON SOLANO GOMEZ

EDUARDO A QUINTAL CAMPOS

ANGEL ELIUT CHE DIAZ

INDICE


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Introducc!n

Proc"#o# d" n$%tr&c!n "n "% #u"%o

Dur&c!n d" 'r"c't&con"#

C&'&cd&d d" n$%tr&c!n

F&ctor"# (u" &$"ct&n %& c&'&cd&d d" n$%tr&c!n

Hu)"d&d 'r"*&

P"nd"nt" d"% t"rr"no

+","t&c!n

Pru"-& d" n$%tr&c!n "n "% #u"%o con d$"r"nt"# t'o# d" #u"%o#

INTRODUCCION


3/9

L& n$%tr&c!n "#t. ,o-"rn&d& 'or do# $u"r/: %& ,r&*"d&d 0 %& &cc!n c&'%&r1 Lo#'oro# )u0 '"(u"2o# ")'u3&n "% &,u& 'or %& &cc!n c&'%&r &d").# d" contr& %&

$u"r/& d" %& ,r&*"d&d1 L& t& d" n$%tr&c!n #" *" &$"ct&d& 'or c&r&ct"r4#tc d"%#u"%o co)o %& $&c%d&d d" "ntr&d&5 %& c&'&cd&d d" &%)&c"n&3" 0 %& t& d"tr&n#)#!n 'or "% #u"%o1

En "% contro% d" %& t& 0 c&'&cd&d n$%tr&c!n d"#")'"2&n un '&'"% %& t"6tur& 0"#tructur& d"% #u"%o5 %o# t'o# d" *","t&c!n5 "% cont"ndo d" &,u& d"% #u"%o5 %&t")'"r&tur& d"% #u"%o 0 %& nt"n#d&d d" 'r"c't&c!n1 Por "3")'%o5 %o# #u"%o#&r"no#o# d" ,r&no ,ru"#o t"n"n "#'&co# ,r&nd"# "ntr" c&d& ,r&no 0 '"r)t"n(u" "% &,u& #" n$%tr" r.'d&)"nt"1

L& *","t&c!n cr"& ).# #u"%o# 'oro#o#5 'rot","ndo "% #u"%o d"% "#t&nc&)"nto

d" %& 'r"c't&c!n5 (u" 'u"d" c"rr&r %o# 7u"co# n&tur&%"# "ntr" % '&rt4cu% d"%#u"%o5 0 #o%t&ndo "% #u"%o & tr&*8# d" %& &cc!n d" % r&4c"#1 A "#to #" d"-" (u"% .r" &r-o%&d t"n,&n % t d" n$%tr&c!n ).# &%t d" todo# %o# t'o# d"*","t&c!n1

Lo# 'roc"#o# d" $%tr&c!n 7&n #do tr&t&do# dur&nt" )uc7o t")'o d"#d" "% 'untod" *#t& d" %o# )"do# 'oro#o# contnuo# 0 #&tur&do#1 En "#t condcon"#5 %o#)od"%o# '%&nt"&do# r"#u%t&n #"nc%%o# 0 -&do# "6c%u#*&)"nt" "n %&'"r)"&-%d&d d"% )"do1 Sn ")-&r,o5 %& co)'r"n#!n con )&0or d"t&%%" d" %r"#'u"#t o-#"r*&d d")&nd& %& n"c"#d&d d" nc%u#!n d" conc"'to# d" %&)"c.nc& d" %o# #u"%o# no #&tur&do#1

En "#t" co no# "n$oc&r")o# & %& '&rt" d" %& n$%tr&c!n 0& (u" #" 'r"t"nd"r"&%/&r un& #"r" d" "6'"r)"nto# '&r& %& r"co%"cc!n d" d&to# '&r& 'od"r"nt"nd"r "#t" 'roc"#o 'or "% cu&% #" #o)"t" "% #u"%o1

L& n$%tr&c!n #" d"$n" co)o "% 'roc"#o 'or "% cu&% "% &,u& '"n"tr& 'or %u'"r$c" d"% #u"%o 0 %%",& 7t& #u# c&' n$"ror"#1 Muc7o# $&ctor"# d"% #u"%o&$"ct&n "% contro% d" %& n$%tr&c!n5 co)o t&)-8n ,o-"rn&n "% )o*)"nto d"%&,u& d"ntro d"% )#)o 0 #u d#tr-uc!n dur&nt" 0 d"#'u8# d" %& n$%tr&c!n1

PROCESO DE INFILTRACION EN EL SUELO


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L& n$%tr&c!n "# "% 'roc"#o 'or "% cu&% "% &,u& '"n"tr& d"#d" %& #u'"r$c" d"%t"rr"no 7&c& "% #u"%o1 En un& 'r)"r& "t&'& #&t#$&c" %& d"$c"nc& d" 7u)"d&dd"% #u"%o "n un& /on& c"rc&n& & %& #u'"r$c"5 0 'o#t"ror)"nt" #u'"r&do c"rto

n*"% d" 7u)"d&d5 '& & $or)&r '&rt" d"% &,u& #u-t"rr.n"&5 #&tur&ndo %o#"#'&co# *&c4o#1

L& n$%tr&c!n ocurr" cu&ndo &,u 'roc"d"nt"# d" % 'r"c't&con"# o d"&%)&c"n"# #u'"r$c&%"# 9d"#7"%o5 r4o#5 %&,o#5 nc& un )o*)"nto d"#c"nd"nt"&d"ntr.ndo#" "n "% #u-#u"%o5 'ud"ndo &%c&n/&r d$"r"nt"# 'ro$undd&d"# "n$unc!n d" % condcon"#1

En t8r)no# ,"n"r&%"# "% *&%or d" %& n$%tr&c!n no "# con#t&nt"5 #no (u"5 "n %o#'r)"ro# )o)"nto# d" % 'r"c't&con"# #u"%" #"r ).# &%to5 0 d#)nu0" conr&'d"/ 7t& &%c&n/&r un *&%or con#t&nt" ).# -&3o (u" "% nc&%1 E#t" d"#c"n#o

"#t. )ot*&do 'or d$"r"nt"# $&ctor"#: %& 'ro,r"#*& #&tur&c!n d" %o# 'oro#1

%& co)'&ct&c!n5 #o-r" todo "n "% co d" (u" "% #u"%o "#t8 d"#'ro*#to d"*","t&c!n1

c"rr" o d#)nuc!n d" t&)&2o d" % ,r"t d" %o# #u"%o#5 cu&ndo "#to#"#t.n $or)&do# 'or &rc%% (u" &u)"nt&n d" t&)&2o &% 7dr&t&r#"1

La duracin y la intensidad de las precipitaciones.

L 'r"c't&con"# #u&*"#5 &un(u" #"&n 'ro%on,&d "n "% t")'o5 $&*or"c"n %&n$%tr&c!n5 #o-r" todo # no #u'"r&n %& c&'&cd&d d" n$%tr&c!n d" un #u"%o1

L 'r"c't&con"# )u0 nt"n# o torr"nc&%"# %& d$cu%t&n1 E#t 'r"c't&con"#*o%"nt #u'"r&n con $r"cu"nc& %& c&'&cd&d d" n$%tr&c!n d" %o# #u"%o#5 'or %o(u" "% &,u& no n$%tr&d& t"nd"r. & )o*%/&r#" #u'"r$c&%)"nt"5 '&ndo & $or)&r'&rt" d" %& "#corr"nt4& #u'"r$c&%1

E% &,u&5 '&r& n$%tr&r#"5 d"-" d"#'%&/&r "% &r" (u" "#t8 ocu'&ndo %o# 'oro# 0,r"t # % 'r"c't&con"# #on )u0 nt"n# #" $or)& un& /on& #&tur&du'"r$c&% (u" d$cu%t& nc&%)"nt" %& #&%d& d" "#" &r" 0 'or %o t&nto %& "ntr&d&d" &,u&1

Capacidad de infiltracin

S" d"no)n& c&'&cd&d d" n$%tr&c!n & %& c&ntd&d ).6)& d" &,u& (u" 'u"d"&-#or-"r un #u"%o "n d"t"r)n&d condcon"#5 *&%or (u" "# *&r&-%" "n "% t")'o"n $unc!n d" %& 7u)"d&d d"% #u"%o5 "% )&t"r&% (u" con$or)& &% #u"%o5 0 %& )&0oro )"nor co)'&ct&c!n (u" t"n" "% )#)o1

Factores que afectan la capacidad de infiltracin


5/9

In$%u0"n "n "% 'roc"#o d" n$%tr&c!n: "ntr&d& #u'"r$c&%5 tr&n#)#!n & tr&*8# d"%#u"%o5 c&'&cd&d d" &%)&c"n&)"nto d"% #u"%o5 c&r&ct"r4#tc d"% )"do'"r)"&-%"5 0 c&r&ct"r4#tc d"% $%udo1

La humedad previa que posea el suelo

L& n$%tr&c!n "# ).# nt"n#& "n %o# #u"%o# #"co#5 0 #"r. )"nor "n "% co d"#u"%o# (u" 0& "#t8n 7u)"d"cdo# 'or 'r"c't&con"# &nt"ror"#1

La pendiente del terreno

A )&0or '"nd"nt" )"nor *o%u)"n d" &,u n$%tr&d

Cu&ndo "% r"%"*" "# &-ru'to %& '"nd"nt" &u)"nt& %& *"%ocd&d5 0 %&,u t"nd"n & d"#c"nd"r #u'"r$c&%)"nt" 7&c& % /on -&3

En %o# r"%"*"# #u&*"#5 % &,u d" 'r"c't&c!n #" r")&n#&n 0'"r)&n"c"n ).# t")'o "n cont&cto con %o# 'oro# 0 $#ur d" %o#

)&t"r&%"# #u'"r$c&%"#5 %o (u" $&*or"c" %& n$%tr&c!n1

La vegetacin

L& *","t&c!n #")'r" $&*or"c" %& n$%tr&c!n5 &un(u" "n )&0or o )"nor )"dd&"n $unc!n d" %& &-und&nc& o "% t'o d" '%&nt:

L& cu-"rt& *","t&% 'rot"," &% #u"%o d" %& co)'&ct&c!n (u" 'ro*oc& "%)'&cto dr"cto d" % ,ot d" %%u*&5 &% d"t"n"r 0


6/9

Prueba de infiltracin en diferentes tipos de suelos

Uno d" %o# 'o# )'ort&nt"# &nt"# d" nc&r un& 'ru"-& d" n$%tr&c!n "n "%#u"%o "# t"n"r "n cu"nt& "% t'o d" #u"%o con "% (u" "#t&)o# tr&t&ndo5 "#to (u"r"

d"cr (u" t"n")o# (u" conoc"r %& "#tructur& )o%"cu%&r (u" t"n" "n r"%&c!n d"*&c4o (u" "6#t" "ntr" #u# )o%8cu%

Tipos de suelo

E% 'r)"r t'o d" #u"%o (u" #" ut%/! '&r& %%"*&r & c&-o "#t" "6'"r)"nto o 'ru"-&$u" %& ,r&*&

Grava

S" d"no)n& ,r&*& & % roc $or)&d 'or c%to# d" t&)&2o co)'r"nddo"ntr" = 0 >? )%4)"tro#1 Pu"d"n #"r 'roducd 'or "% #"r 7u)&no5 "n cu0o co

#u"%" d"no)n&r#" @'"dr& '&rtd&5 o r"#u%t&do d" 'roc"#o# n&tur&%"#1T")'o (u" t&rdo "n n$%tr&r "% &,u&

E% &,u& t&rdo #",undo# "n r"corr"r tod& %& )u"#tr& d" #u"%o (u" #" "#t&-&&n&%/&ndo1

Tierra arcillosa

E# un #u"%o o roc& #"d)"nt&r& con#ttud& 'or &,r",&do#d" #%c&to# d" &%u)no 7dr&t&do#5 'roc"d"nt"# d" %& d"#co)'o#c!nd" roc (u" cont"n"n $"%d"#'&to5 co)o "% ,r&nto1 Pr"#"nt& d*"r#

co%or&con"# #",n % )'ur"/ (u" cont"n"5 d"#d" "% ro3o &n&r&n3&do 7t& "%-%&nco cu&ndo "# 'ur&1

T")'o (u" t&rdo "n n$%tr&r "% &,u&

E% t")'o (u" t&rdo "n n$%tr&r "% &,u& "n "#t" t'o d" #u"%o $u" d" )nuto#


7/9

Pasos para la elaboracin de prueba

1 T"n"r %o# )&t"r&%"# n"c"#&ro# '&r& %& "%&-or&c!n d" "#t& 'ru"-&

Un r"c'"nt" d" 'r"$"r"nc& tr&n#'&r"nt" "n "% cu&% 'roc"d"r")o# & %%"n&r con "%t'o d" #u"%o (u" 'r"t"nd")o# tr&-&3&r '&r& conoc"r "% t")'o d" $%tr&c!n (u"

t"ndr. "% &,u&1

=1 P&r& "#t& 'ru"-& #" con#d"r! ut%/&r un tu-o tr&n#'&r"nt" con t&' "n %o#"6tr")o#5 "n %& t&'& d" &-&3o d"% r"c'"nt" #" %" '"r$oro un '"(u"2o or$co "n "%cu&% d"#'u8# d" un &n.%## #" %%",! & %& conc%u#!n (u" #"r4& "% 'unto d" #&%d&d"% &,u&1


8/9

1 Un& *"/ t"n"ndo %#to nu"#tro r"c'"nt" (u" ut%/&r")o# '&r& nu"#tr& 'ru"-" 'roc"d" & *"rt"r "% t'o d" #u"%o (u" #" 'r"t"nd" &n&%/&r

?1 Un& *"/ %%"no "% r"c'"nt"5 con &0ud& d" un& cnt& )8trc& #" 'roc"d" &co%oc&r%& 'or $u"r& d"% tu-o con %& $n&%d&d d" )"dr "% t&)&2o d" nu"#tr& )u"#tr&0 'od"r *#u&%/&r %& &%tur& "n "% cu&% #" $%tr&r4& "% &,u&1

1 &nt"# d" *"rt"r "% &,u& &% r"c'"nt" #" 'roc"d" & co%oc&r un crono)"tro con %&nt"nc!n d" cont&-%/&r "% t")'o (u" %" to)&r& &% &,u& n$%tr&r#" 'or %o *&c4o#(u" #" "ncu"ntr&n "n %& "#tructur& d"% #u"%o1


9/9

>1 S" *"rt" &,u& &% r"c'"nt" 0 #" ")'"/& & to)&r "% t")'o (u" "% &,u& #"n$%tr& "n %o# d$"r"nt"# t'o# d" #u"%o# '&r& o-t"n"r %o# d&to# n"c"#&ro# '&r&nu"#tro c.%cu%o d" n$%tr&c!n1

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