REPASO DE LAS CONJUGACIONES DE LOS

TIEMPOS VERBALES

PROFESORA SALSICH

El pretérito de los verbos regulares

El pretérito- Los irregulares – Ir/Ser, Dar, Ver

El Pretérito de los verbos con cambio ortográfico- spelling change verbs of

pretérite

1) verbos de –car, -gar, -zar- cambio en la forma de ‘yo’ solamente- (-car -qué); ( -gar -gué); (-zar -cé) -acentos normales

2) Verbos –er/-ir de doble vocal- en las formas de “él, ella, ud” y “ellos, ellas, uds”, la ‘i’ cambia a ‘y’- acentos sobre todas las formas que tiene ‘i’

3) Verbos que terminan en –uir- en las formas de “él, ella, ud” y “ellos, ellas, uds”, la ‘i’ cambia a ‘y’-acentos regulares

Verbos de cambio ortográfico

El pretérito-stem-changing verbs

Verbos de –ir que tienen cambio radical (stem-change) en el PRESENTE, van a tener un cambio radical en el PRETERITO.

Verbos de –AR y –ER NO TIENEN cambio radical en el pretérito.

Acentos normales El cambio está en tercera persona singular y

plural

Los verbos de cambio radicalStem-changing verbs of Preterite

-IR verbs that have stem-change in PRESENT, will have stem-change in preterite

-AR/-ER DO NOT have stem change in the preterite.

Normal accents. Stem -change in the 3rd person singular and

plural Stem-change in preterite = 1st vowel from

stem-change in present tense

Los verbos de cambio radicalStem-changing verbs of Preterite

El pretérito-Marching song verbs

The imperfect tense narrates what was going on at a certain time in the past. It often indicates what was happening in the background.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 3.2–10

EL IMPERFECTO

Cuando yo era joven, vivía en una ciudad muy grande. Todas las semanas, mis padres y yo íbamos al centro comercial.

When I was young, I lived in a big city. Each week, my parents and I went to the mall.

Imperfect

Used to express actions that happened in the past

Habitual actions, time and date, background, information

The beginning or end of the action is not important

How to conjugate the imperfect:

1)Drop off the infinitive ending

2)Add endingsIf –ar verb add, -aba -ábamos-abas -abais-aba -aban

If –ir/-er verb add, -ía -íamos-ías -íais-ía -ían

Imperfect Irregulars

THERE ARE ONLY 3 IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE IMPERFECT!!!

To the tune of “Another Bites the Dust”

Ir, Ser, Ver son los verbos irregularesIba, Era, Veía son las formas irregularesdel imperfecto, del imperfecto, son los verbos irregulares

Letra de la segunda canción: ‘No dejes de creer’ (To the tune of “Don’t Stop Believing”)

The imperfect tense, talking about long agoDifferent than the preterite, which is over and doneThe imperfect tense sets the background of the sceneUsed for time and date and the weatherThe imperfect tense, used for habitual past actionsto talk about on-going things that go on and on and on and on…-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban-ar endings!-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían-er/-ir!conocí means “I met”conocía means “I knew”Había una vez is “Once upon a time”Yo supe, “I found out”sabía, “I knew all along”Something, something, something…iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, ibanThe verb irera, eras, era, éramos, erais, eranThe verb serNo dejes de creerGuarda este sentimientoNo dejes de creero, o, o, oGuarda este sentimientoooooo…

http://zachary-jones.com/zambombazo/video-glee-no-dejes-de-creer-preterito-vs-imperfecto/

Imperfect of Hay (there is/are) = Había (there was/were)

Expressions often used with IMPERFECT De niño/a – As a child Todos los días - every day Mientras – while Siempre - always

Otros apuntes sobre el imperfecto

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 3.2–16

These words and expressions are often used with the imperfect because they express habitual or repeated actions: de niño/a (as a child), todos los días (every day), mientras (while), siempre (always).

De niño vivía en un suburbio de Madrid.As a child, I lived in a suburb of Madrid.

Todos los días iba a la casa de mi abuela.Every day I went to my grandmother’s house.

Siempre escuchaba música mientras corría en el parque.I always listened to music while I ran in the park.

The Preterite vs. Imperfect

Uses of the Preterite– 1. The completion of past actions or states.

Ex. Anoche llovió( it rained last night). 2. The beginning of past actions or states.

Ex. Los europeos llegaron a América y impusieron su religion a los indígenas.

3. Specific Event in Time. Ej. Ella nació el 15 de diciembre del año 1995.

The Preterite

The Preterite vs. Imperfect

Uses of the IMPERFECT- 1. What was happening in the past. Ex. Llovía (it was raining) cuando

ellos compraron los paraguas. 2. Habitual or repeated past actions. Ex. Cuando éramos jovenes

siempre jugabámos el fútbol. 3. Descriptions… -Of emotions or circumstances. Ex. La situación social era muy difícil. - Of people of characterization of a person. Ex. Se llamaba Luisa; era

una chica lista y rebelde. 4. Anticipated/Planned past actions( ir in the imperfect + a + verb)

Ex. Iba a ir al cine con mis amigos( I was going to go…..). 5. Age and Time. Ex. Eran las seis de la mañana. Ex. Tenías seis años

cuando entraste la primaria.

THE IMPERFECT

Presente Subjuntivo

How to conjugate the present subjunctive: 1) Take the ‘yo’ form of the present tense2) Drop the –O3) Add opposite endings

If the verb has an irregular stem, then the stem will continue to be irregular in the subjunctive form. Tener – Tenga, Tengas, Tenga, Tengamos, Tengáis, Tengan

If there is a stem in the present form of the verb, then the stem will change in the subjunctive form as well except in the nosotros and vosotros form Volver – Vuelva, Vuelvas, Vuelva, Volvamos, Volváis, Vuelvan

Presente Subjuntivo

If the verb has a spelling change in the present, then the spelling will change in the subjunctive (-Car, -Gar, -Zar) -Car = c – qu, -Gar = g – gu, -Zar = z – c Buscar – Busque, Busques, Busque, Busquemos, Busquéis,

Busquen DISHES (irregulars)

Dar – Dé, Des, Dé, Demos, Deis, Den Ir – Vaya, Vayas, Vaya, Vayamos, Vayáis, Vayan Saber – Sepa, Sepas, Sepa, Sepamos, Sepáis, Sepan Haber – Haya, Hayas, Haya, Hayamos, Hayáis, Hayan Estar – Esté, Estés, Esté, Estemos, Estéis, Estén Ser – Sea, Seas, Sea, Seamos, Seáis, Sean

Imperfect Subjunctive Conjugations

HOW TO CONJUGATE: 1. Take the “Ellos” form of the preterite tense of the verb2. Take away the “ron” ¡Adiós, Ron! 3. Add necessary ending: ra, ras, ra, ramos, rais, ran*For nosotros form, add an accent to the vowel right before the “r”*¡NO IRREGULARS!

•Used with conditional, preterite, or the imperfect tense when in the presence of weirdos, escapa, tal zez, or quizás

EXAMPLE: HABLAR •Hablara, hablaras, hablara, habláramos, hablarais, hablaran

EXAMPLE: COMER•Comiera, comieras, comiera, comiéramos (accent on the e),comierais,comieran

WEIRDOS

Acronym used to remember the Triggers of SUBJUNCTIVE! Formula:

{Subject 1 + WEIRDOS}+ que+{subject 2 + subjunctive}=

W- Wishing wanting E-Emotion I-Impersonal Expressions R-Reactions D-Doubt O-Ojalá S-Searching (buscar) DON’T FORGET: You must have a Subject change!! Example: Espero que tú tengas un buen día. Triggers for indicative/ when it is not subjunctive! REAL

TENSES! USE FOR CERTAINTY, WEIRDOS=doubtishness

Tal Vez and Quizás

Tal Vez and Quizás = Perhaps, maybe

Tal vez and quizás are triggers for the present or past subjunctive. Depends on context.

No subject change is necessary. DO NOT USE QUE with Tal vez and Quizás! EXAMPLES:

Tal vez Adhana fuera al chapel ayer. Quizás llueva mañana.

Presente del Subjunctive VS. Imperfecto del Subjuntivo

*Remember both must be used with either with escapa, or weirdos and there must be a SUBJECT change between clauses

*With quizás and tal vez there is no subject change because there is only one clause. ex: Tal vez Nailah vaya a la casa de Susan Smith este verano.

Presente del Subjunctivo is used with the present or future tenses

Imperfecto del Subjunction is used with conditional, preterite, or imperfect tenses.

ESCAPA“ESCAPA” is an acronym used to remember the Triggers of the Subjunctive form; they are similar to WEIRDOS.

ESCAPA is used because the information that follows is not necessarily real; it is simply implied. ESCAPA will always be followed by the subjunctive when there is a subject change.

You use the subjunctive after the following triggers:E- En caso de que- In case ofS- Sin Que- WithoutC- Con tal de que- Provided thatA- A menos que- UnlessP- Para Que- So thatA- Antes de que- Before

EXAMPLES:Ella ayuda a sus alumnos con tal de que ellos presten atencion.

- She will help him provided that they pay attentionMarta no ira a menos que tu la acompanes

-Marta will not go unless you accompany her

Used to talk about what WILL happen.

Used to make polite requests.

Ejemplos: Ellos irán a la playa. – They

will go to the beach. Yo te prepararé algo de

comer. – I will prepare you something to eat.

EL FUTURO – The future

• Used to talk about what WOULD happen, under certain conditions.

Ejemplos: Ellos irían a la playa. –

They would go to the beach.

Yo te prepararía algo de comer. – I would prepare you something to eat.

El condicional – The conditional

The Present Perfect Tense

HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT

Step 1 Conjugate haber in present tense: Yo he Tu has Él, Ella, Usted ha Nosotros(as) hemos Vosotros(as) habéis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes han

Step 2 Drop the infinitive ending –ar, -er, -ir Add –ado to -ar verbs and –ido to both –

er & –ir verbs Examples: hablado, comido, vivido

Watch out because there are irregular past particples

Used to talk about what has happened in the past or recent past.

Used to talk about specific events in the past that still have relevance in the future.

The adverbs ‘ya’ y ‘todavía’ are often used with present and pluperfect. ‘Ya’ means ‘already’, ‘todavía’ means still.

Ejemplos: -Ella ha estado enferma. -She has been sick-Tú ya has comido el

almuerzo. -You have already eaten.

The present perfect tense = haber in the present+ past participle

Ella ya ha visitado DC. – She has already visited DC.

El Pluscamperfecto/The pluperfect

HOW TO FORM THE PLUPERFECT

Step 1 Conjugate haber in the imperfect: Yo había Tu habías Él, Ella, Usted había Nosotros (as) habíamos Vosotros (as) habíais Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes habían

Step 2 Drop the infinitive ending –ar, -er, -ir Add –ado to -ar verbs and –ido to both –er & –ir verbs Examples: hablado, comido, vivido

Watch out because there are irregular past particples

The pluperfect describes a past action that was completed before another past action

The adverb ‘ya’ is often used with present and pluperfect. ‘Ya’ means ‘already’.

Examples: -El partido ya había empezado cuando algunos jugadores llegaron. -The game had already begun when some of the players arrived

The pluperfect tense = haber in the imperfect + past participle

Ella ya había visitado DC. – She had already visited DC.

Irregulars Particples of the Present Perfect

Abrir abierto Cubrir cubierto Descubrir descubierto Morir muerto Volver vuelto Poner puesto Escribir escrito Decir dicho Imprimir impreso,

imprimido Freir frito, freído Romper roto Ver visto Hacer hecho

NOTE: For -er and -ir double vowel verbs, a written accent will be required.

Examples: • Creer creído

• Leer leído• Traer traído

• Oír oído• Caer caído

R rotoE escritoV vistoV vuelto

M muertoA abiertoC cubierto

P puestoH hechoD dichoD devuelto

ACRONYM TO REMEMBER IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES

Past Participles as adjectives

How to form past particples: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs).Ejemplos: hablar - ar + ado = hablado comer - er + ido = comido vivir - ir + ido = vivido****For verbs with double vowels (i.e. creer), add an accent to the

second vowel (i.e. creído).

Past participles can be used as part of a compound verb tense (i.e. present perfect or pluperfect tenses) or as an adjective.

When they are used as an adjective, they must agree in gender and number with the noun the noun that it is describing.

Past Participles as adjectives

Irregulars abrir (to open) - abierto (open) cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered) decir (to say) - dicho (said) escribir (to write) - escrito (written) freír (to fry) - frito (fried) hacer (to do) - hecho (done) morir (to die) - muerto (dead) poner (to put) - puesto (put) resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved) romper (to break) - roto (broken) ver (to see) - visto (seen) volver (to return) - vuelto (returned) Componer (to compose) – compuesto

(composed) Describir (to describe) – descrito (described) Devolver (to return) - devuelto (returned) Oír (to hear) – oído (heard) Creer (to believe) – creído (believed)

Past participles must agree in gender and number with the noun it is describing.La puerta está cerrada.The door is closed. Las puertas están cerradas.The doors are closed.El restaurante está abierto.The restaurant is open.Los restaurantes están abiertos.The restaurants are open.

**An example of a past participle not being used as an adjective:

Los estudiantes han estudiado español.

Ellas habían visto las películas.

Direct Objects

me nos te os lo/la los/las

Take the place of nouns that receive the action of the verb and answer the question what or who in relation to the verb. Not used when the noun is present.

Place before the noun or attach to an infinitive for both I.O. and D.O.

Ex. I have the check Tengo el cheque Lo tengo

Indirect Objects

me nos *le and les become se te os Before a D.O. le* les*

I.O. pronoun always comes before D.O. pronoun Pronoun is always used whenever there is an indirect

object, an indirect object answers the question to/for whom is the action of the verb done.

Ex. 1 Nobody sends her cookies Nadie le manda galletas Ex. 2 Nobody sends her them Nadie se las manda

Cláusulas con “si”

Used to express contrary-to-fact conditions Si + Imperfect subjunctive + Conditional

Si tengo tiempo iré al cine If I have time, then I will go to the movies

Si clauses conform to a specific sequence 0f tenses Main Clause Si Clause

Future, present indicative Present indicative Conditional Imperfect subjunctive Imperfect indicative imperfect indicative

Si + Present indicative + Future