Revista FEE - Numero 04 - Septiembre 2012

7/30/2019 Revista FEE - Numero 04 - Septiembre 2012

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Ospogdhcdzhnh oe ch Ndvuc`hgd÷e no ch Gucturh Ospárdth y ×r`heb Bigdhc no ch Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth Osphøbch

Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

Zsdgbcb`áh oe oc aès hccèZè`deh 8>%%%

Èe`ocos @uhrndheos# Ospárdtus Zrbtog!tbros# Ihadcdhros y Wdapètdgbs

Zè`deh 60%%%Zordospárdtu

Zè`deh 66%%%

Cbs Wuoøbs OspdrdtuhcosZè`deh 6?%%%

Hnoaès%%%

Ch Ospdrdtuhcdnhn oe oc Gdeo;–EBWWB CHV‑

Oetrovdsth h%%%Whetdh`h Eb`uorb Zè`deh 8:%%%

Vovdsth OspárdthEûaorb; > • Ondgd÷e Woptdoafro 6:86 • Zrogdb; 7₣

no ch IOO



6 Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%os

Gorgh no 6:: cdfrbs nd`dthcos

H ue –gcdgl‑ noc gbebgdadoetb

Nosghr`uo cdfrbs`rhtudthaoeto nosno

Zr÷xdab eûaorb;Wd`uoebs oe;

mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"ihgofbbl

mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"twdtor

mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"ybutufo

Ospogdhcdzhnh oe ch Ndvuc`hgd÷e no ch Gucturh Ospárdth y ×r`heb Bigdhc no ch Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth Osphøbch

Mdstbrdh noc OspdrdtdsabVovdsth Ospárdth

Eûaorb;

6 •Ondgd÷

e Ebvdoafro 6

:88 •Zrog

db; 7 m

no ch IOO

http://www.espiritismo.es/




Ondtbrdhc >

Ghrths hc Ndrogtbr ?Vovdsth Ospárdth Kuedb 8=96% Zrdegdpdb vdthc no chs Wbgdonhnos ospárdths 9

Hcche Lhrnog

Fdb`rhiáh% Wdr Hrtmur Gbehe Nbyco =

Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz

Oetrovdsth h%%% Whetdh`h Ebùorb 8:

Chs Gbcbedhs Ospdrdtuhcos 86

Ghrcbs Ghapottd

Zsdgbcb`áh oe oc aès hccè 8>

Khehdeh Adeoccd no Bcdvodrh

Ospárdtus orrhetos 8=

Gchûndh Forehrnos no Ghrvhcmb

Zordospárdtu 66

Vhihoc Hrdhs

Cbs Wuoøbs Ospdrdtuhcos 6?

Haphrb @hrgáh

Èeòcos @uhrndheos# Ospárdtus Zrbtogtbros# Ihadcdhros y Wdapètdgbs 60Bsghr Vhabs

Ch Ospdrdtuhcdnhn oe oc Gdeo; Ebssb Chr -Euostrb Mb`hr$ 6=Cbch @hrgáh

Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOOOspogdhcdzhnh oe ch Ndvuc`hgd÷e no ch GucturhOspárdth y ×r`heb Bgdhc no ch Ionorhgd÷eOspárdth Osphøbch%Gbbrndehnbr ondgd÷e; Whcvhnbr AhrtáeGbbrndehgd÷e hrtágucbs; Cbch @hrgáh^rhnuggdbeos; Khvdor Vbnráùoz%

Gbbrndehgd÷e noc ndsoøbo daprosd÷e; Kbhquáe MuotoFdb`rháhs y oetrovdsths; Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz Auøbz

Ahquothgd÷e; BFBBLNdstrdfugd÷e; Khvdor Vbnráùoz

Vovdsth ondthnh pbr ch Ionorhgd÷eOspárdth Osphøbch%Oetdnhn sde èedab no cugrb# I!?60 nocVo`dstrb Ehgdbehc no Hsbgdhgdbeos%Zhrh ahybr debrahgd÷e# ghrths hcndrogtbr# gbaprh no cdfrbs bsusgrdpgdbeos# ndrd`drso h;Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth Osphøbchmttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%osdebJospdrdtdsab%ggtoc% 969 788 ==8

Daprosd÷e BFBBLN%C%; H!>8=!6:88

ÁENDGO

http://espiritismo.es/

mailto:[email protected]


http://espiritismo.es/



> Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

H cb chr`b no ch mdstbrdh# chs aès dapbrthetosrocd`dbeos ebs mhe prosoethnb ueh vdsd÷e no ch vdnhospdrdtuhc auy pbgb noednh# dekusth y mhsth nospdhnhnh#brogdoenb oc gdocb h ghafdb no fuchs# brhgdbeos ph`hnhsy"b rdtuhcos# adoetrhs so roco`hfh h cbs pbfros dèbrhetosnoc auenb h ue deoreb aès deaorogdnb hûe%

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Oc gbebgdadoetb no ch hstrbebaáh nospokh nunhs#oso –gdocb‑ denoednb eb ostè hrrdfh# puos eb mhy hrrdfhed hfhkb oe osto _edvorsb deedtb% ^hapbgb os ahtordhc b#sd cb os# ch devostd`hgd÷e horbosphgdhc ostè pbr nosgufrdrcb%Ch puorth no oetrhnh os thafdäe deahtordhc trhs chauorto# b gbab ebs ùsth nogdr h cbs ospárdths# trhs chnosoeghrehgd÷e%

Mhy sde oafhr`b brahs no vdscuafrhrcb# nooetrovorcb y gbaproenorcb `rhgdhs h ch Gdoegdh y hcOspdrdtdsab% Chs oxpordoegdhs gorghehs h ch auorto trhoephrh hcùebs ch vdsd÷e oe prdaorh porsbeh% Zorb sbehquoccbs quo yh so uorbe cbs quo puonoe# h trhväs noch aonduaednhn# noedrcb gchrhaoeto y ccovhrebs h uehvdsd÷e aès phebrèadgh y hapcdh no ch rohcdnhn ospdrdtuhc;ueh vdsd÷e rhgdbehc# quo vhabs h oegbetrhr oe chsbfrhs ospárdths no Hcche Lhrnog% Ch gbegbrnhegdh no cbs tostdabedbs h trhväs no aänduas nosgbebgdnbs oetro sá os uoeto no roioxd÷e phrh quo euostrb rhgdbgdedb abetopdozhs y nosgufrh sd oso guhnrb sorè b eb sorè% Aänduasno phásos y gucturhs ndoroetos# gbe `rhenos ndoroegdhsrocd`dbshs# gbe bpdedbeos auy gbetrhrdhs òeorhcaoeto hcbs prdegdpdbs quo so ndgoe pbr su detoraondb# porb quo trhesadtoe# gbe ueh sdadcdtun oxtrhbrndehrdh# cbs `rhenosnothccos no ch vdnh uturh# no ch vdnh ospdrdtuhc%

Oe oc phshnb ch dèbrhegdh muahedz÷ h Ndbs# oe ocuturb ch Gdoegdh cb ndvdedzhrè% Ch rohcdnhn ospdrdtuhc quoebs oevuocvo nosgbrro sus vocbs prb`rosdvhaoeto y oshgbaproesd÷e ebs trhorè ch ghcah y ch cdforthn noc pèkhrbquo hûe oekhuchnb puono bfsorvhr oetro chs bquonhnosno su prdsd÷e ch vornhnorh vdnh quo su hcah hesáh%

Oc gdocb ostè oe tbnhs phrtos# os the degbeaoesurhfcogbab oc deedtb# y oc ospárdtu quo so mh pbndnb cdfrhr nocbs hpo`bs no ch ahtordh y no ch deordbrdnhn abrhc rogbrrooc osphgdb h ch vortd`debsh vocbgdnhn noc poeshadoetb# toedoenb gbab mb`hr y abrhnh oc _edvorsb quo yhpuono bfsorvhr oe su ospcoenbrbsh osoegdh%

«Woetás# porb eb vods oc gdocb noc ospárdtu# oc Ospdrdtdsabbs cb oesoøhrè y cb voräds% Zorb voräds# eb gbab cbs bkbsahtordhcos voe cb quo s÷cb puonoe hcghezhr# voräds gbabch detocdòegdh vo cb quo shfo poeotrhr¼% -Ahrdotth$

OND^BVDHC

Woetás# porb eb vods oc gdocb nocospárdtu# oc Ospdrdtdsab bs cb oesoøhrèy cb voräds% Zorb voräds# eb gbabcbs bkbs ahtordhcos voe cb quo s÷cb

puonoe hcghezhr# voräds gbab chdetocdòegdh vo cb quo shfo poeotrhr%-Ahrdotth$



?Eûaorb; > • Ondgd÷e Woptdoafro

GHV HW HC NDVOG^BV

GVDWDW ²VOHC B GVOHNH2

‗Hfuocb mhgo tdoapb quo ebvorheohabs oe ch pchyh%

‗Zuos nosno quo tu phnro so quon÷oe oc phrb# guhenb oapoz÷ ch grdsds# mdkb%

‗Grdsds sdoapro grdsds# porb ²quä os

osb2 ‗²Eb cb vos2# puos quo eb mhy ndeorb% ‗Hfuocb ndeorb mhfrè oc adsab quo

hetos# b ²os quo hcùdoe mh rbtb cbs fdccotos2 ‗Zuos sá mhfrè oc adsab# porb quo mh

ghafdhnb no ahebs% ‗²T qudäe cb tdoeo hmbrh2 ‗Zuos cbs adsabs no sdoapro# porb

oe btrbs phásos% ‗²Xuä phásos sbe osbs2 puos

vèabebs phrh hccè% ‗Osb ostè auy cokbs# mdkb# sbe cbs quo

cchahe phásos oaoròetos# Ch Gmdeh# ChDendh# eb sä%

‗Zorb hfuocb# sd cbs gmdebs y cbsdendbs sbe thafdäe ch ahybráh pbfros%

‗Zbr osb mdkb# hc sor aès pbfros trhfhkhe aès fhrhtb# os pbr osb quoch òeto no ndeorb cb ccovh hccá# abethoaproshs y no osh aheorh co rdeno augmbaès# pbrquo so cb hmbrrh oe suocnbs<hnoaès ch òeto hccá trhfhkh ue abet÷e nombrhs y sde norogmbs%

‗²Hquá sá mhy norogmbs hfuocb2 ‗Mhsth hmbrh sá# porb yh vhe

quonhenb aoebs% ‗²G÷ab vhe quonhenb aoebs2 ²Os

quo cbs vhe h qudthr2 ²Osb ostbrfh phrh trhfhkhr2

‗Gchrb quo ostbrfh# mdkb# osb eb osroethfco%

‗²T pbr quä ebs cbs qudthe oetbegos2 ‗Eb so# mdkb# qudzhs mhfráh quo mhgor

coyos phrh qudthrcbs y ehndo chs vbthráh# cbs tdoeoe quo qudthr pbgb h pbgb# phrh quoebs vhyhabs hgbstuafrhenb y eb ebsnoabs guoeth# porb yb eb sä mdkb aáb# ybostby no gbebgdadoetbs no ogbebaáh cb

sus ahenhtbs cos mhgoe gbetrhtbsauctdadccbehrdbs gbab ndrogtbros no oshsoaproshs%

‗Hm# puos cb quo pbnráhabs mhgor os eb trhfhkhr phrh osh òeto trhdgdbeorh%

‗Osb so cchah muoc`h# mdkb# osb ebuegdbeh%

‗Zuos ebsbtrbs sbabs aès#cos qudthabs tbnb cb quo tdoeoe y cb rophrtdabs h tbnb oc auenb# hsá toenroabs tbnbs%

‗Osb so cchah gbauedsab mdkb y ebuegdbeh%

‗Zuos cbs ahthabs# hfuocb% ‗Ed cb pdoesos# osb so cchah

torrbrdsab y thapbgb uegdbeh% ‗Zuos ahthabs h cbs quo sá tdoeoe

trhfhkb y hsá trhfhkhabs ebsbtrbs% ‗Osb so cchah ùorrh# mdkb% ‗²T uegdbeh2 ‗W÷cb phrh occbs quo thafdäe

hfrdghe chs hrahs% ‗T oetbegos ²quä mhgoabs hfuocb2 ‗Zuos toeor phgdoegdh y osporhr% Tb

yh sby auy vdokb y sä quo no tbnb so shco%Ndbs eb ebs hfhenbeh# s÷cb ebs pruofh%

‗Hfuocb# y sd ebs gheshabs noosporhr ²quä mhgoabs2 ²nososporhr2

‗Eb# mdkb# osb euegh# soùdr pdndoenby trhfhkhr%

‗Oetbegos hfuocb ²soùdroabs trhfhkhenb fusghenb mdorrbs y ghrtbeos2

‗Oe cb quo shc`h# mdkb# oe cb quo shc`h% ‗Hfuocb y oetbegos%%%% ‗Ghcch mdkb y hyûnhao oapukhenb oc

ghrrdtb# quo so ao mh vuoctb h mhgor ueeunb oe oc pogmb%

‗Hfuocb oros auy ibkb# osth ghccoeb os guosth hrrdfh phrh quo so to mh`h oceunb no cbs gd`hrrbs%

‗Ch ghcco eb os guosth hrrdfh mdkb# chvdnh cb os# porb tdoeos rhz÷e h vogos ibkob

¡Zorn÷ehao Woøbr(Èeòc

adsab quo no gorofrb# toe`b cb aáedabquo so nosphgmh%

‗Oetbegos# euegh aès mhfrè trhfhkb…%

‗Wá# guhenb thapbgb quorhabsnorogmbs ebsbtrbs

‗²T qudäe eb vh h quoror norogmbs y

gbshs fuoehs2 Osb os ueh tbetoráh# hfuocb% ‗Voeuegdhrè h sus norogmbs oc quo

phso mhafro y eogosdnhn% Cbs trhfhkbsquo eb qudoros mhgor gbe ch fhrrd`h ccoeh#pdnos mhgorcbs pbr hvbr guhenb tus mdkbsch tdoeoe vhgáh%

‗Oetbegos yh sä pbr quä eb mhy trhfhkb% Os gbab guhenb sby nosbfondoetoy ahaè ao ahenh h ch ghah sde goehr# sdqudorb gbaor co toe`b quo bfonogor# porbosb os pbrquo ahaè qudoro sbchaoeto#eb pbrquo yb toe`h `hehs no bfonogorch%

‗Zuos aès b aoebs# mdkb# s÷cb quoahaè cb mhgo phrh onughrto y occbs cbmhgoe pbr hvhrdgdh% Adrh# occbs ahenhe ocndeorb h cbs phásos pbfros y cbs mhgoegrogor# h ghafdb cbs @bfdorebs no osbsphásos cos nhe ndeorb h occbs% Hnoaès# hchfrdghr aès fhrhtb# `hehe sdoapro pbr tbnbs sdtdbs< oc eo`bgdb os ronbenb%

‗Zuos sd `hehe pbr tbnbs sdtdbs# ybgrob quo cbs noc ndeorb eb vhe h vbcvor#hfuocb%

‗Wá vuocvoe# pbrquo hquá so trhfhkhgbe aès ghcdnhn y guhenb gbfroabs dùhcquo occbs# cbs trhdgdbehrèe h occbs thafdäe#phrh hmbrrhrso oc trhespbrto% Hnoaès tdoeoe adonb pbrquo guhenb osbs phásoscovhethe ghfozh# sus @bfdorebs h vogos cosrbfhe chs èfrdghs oetorhs% Oc ndeorb s÷cboetdoeno no o`básab y cbs quo cb tdoeoes÷cb oetdoenoe no hvhrdgdh%

‗²T qudäeos sbe osbs mbafros quo tdoeoe thetb ndeorb# hfuocb2

‗Zuos cbs `rhenos @rupbs

ehegdorbs# Auctdehgdbehcos# Fhegbs# eb sä% ‗T cbs pbcátdgbs ²eb mhgoe ehnh2 ‗Eb# pbrquo guhenb hghfhe




VOYDW^H OWZÁVD^H K_EDB 8=96ZVDEGDZDB YD^HC NO CHWWBGDONHNOW OWZÁVD^HW

Woøbr#

Yob# oe ch Vovuo Wpdrdto noc aos no hfrdc no 8=96#ueh gbauedghgd÷e rahnh pbr @ärhrn no Gbnoafor`#

nbeno nosthgb oc phshko sdùdoeto; –Eb probguphrbs nocbs morahebs quo so hcokhe no vuostrhs grooegdhs< mhgon# hcgbetrhrdb# no aheorh quo eb so aozgcoe hc rofhøb no cbsvornhnorbs groyoetos# pbrquo sbe bvokhs eo`rhs# y nofädsùhrnhrbs noc gbeth`db%‑

Mo mhcchnb quo osh aheorh no vor# rospogtb h chsbvokhs eo`rhs# orh pbgb grdstdheh# hûe aoebs ospárdth# y oe tbnb uorh no ch ghrdnhn mhgdh tbnb cb quo prondghe cbsOspárdtus% Eb probguphrso no cbs morahebs quo so hcokhe# y ùhrnhrso no su gbeth`db# eb os ch aheorh no quo rotbreoe%Ao phrogo quo# mhsth oc prosoeto# euostrbs fuoebs ùáhsospdrdtuhcos mhe abstrhnb aès ahesonuafro% ²Oso@ärhrn no Gbnoafor` os ue fuoe Ospárdtu2 Wd cb os# cbnunb% Zornbehnao osth ospogdo no gbetrbc quo hghfb norohcdzhr# porb tdoeo ueh ehcdnhn sordh% _eh nhah had`h aáh#ospárdth ebvdgdh# hghfh no oxpcbrhr ndgmh oetro`h y so mhnotoednb oe oshs pbghs cáeohs# eb mhcchenb ch ghrdnhn quomh bfsorvhnb mhsth oc prosoeto oe chs gbauedghgdbeos% Mogbesucthnb ad uáh h oso rospogtb# y mo hquá cb quo ao mhgbetosthnb; –Eb# mdkh aáh# ue Ospárdtu ocovhnb eb so sdrvono thcos oxprosdbeos< nokhn h cbs Ospárdtus oeghrehnbs chhsporozh noc coeùhko# y rogbebgon sdoapro oc vhcbr no chsgbauedghgdbeos oe oc vhcbr no chs phchfrhs# y oe oc vhcbr

no cbs poeshadoetbs%‑-Wdùo ch gbauedghgd÷e no ue Ospárdtu quo phrogo mhfor tbahnb oc cu`hr no @ärhrn no Gbnoafor`%$

²Nbeno ostè ch vornhn2 W÷cb vbs pbnráh shforcb%

Vogdfdn# otg%

O% GBCD@EBE%

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ovdnoetoaoeto hfsurnhs% ²Wo sdùo no occb quo soh ue ahcOspárdtu2 Woùrb quo eb< su gbenugth oe vdnh y su coeùhkonospuäs no auortb sbe ch pruofh no occb< so mhcch oe cheuaorbsh ghto`bráh no cbs Ospárdtus detocdòetos# fuoebs#porb eb cb sugdoetoaoeto supordbros phrh nbadehr h cbsOspárdtus bfsosbros quo co mhe oe`høhnb# yh quo eb mhshfdnb rogbebgorcbs%

Mhsth hquá oe cb quo gbegdoreo hc Ospárdtu% Ch guostd÷eeb os shfor sd os aès b aoebs hvhezhnb# sdeb sd oc gbesokbquo nh os fuoeb b ahcb< hmbrh fdoe# ahetoe`b quo eb mhy roued÷e ospárdth sordh pbsdfco sde mbabòeodnhn% Nbenomhy ndvoròegdh no bpdedbeos# mhy toenoegdh h mhgor provhcogor ch prbpdh# nosob no dapbeor sus dnohs b suvbcuethn< no hmá ndsgusdbeos# ndsoesdbeos# y soùdnhaoetondsbcugd÷e; osb os deovdthfco# y os cb quo bgurro oe tbnhs chs

sbgdonhnos# guhcqudorh quo soh oc bfkotdvb# nbeno ghnh guhcqudoro ahrgmhr pbr váhs ndoroetos% Cb quo os eogoshrdboe chs btrhs rouedbeos cb os hûe aès oe chs rouedbeosospárdths sordhs# nbeno ch prdaorh gbendgd÷e os ch ghcah y oc rogb`dadoetb# quo sbe dapbsdfcos gbe ndsgusdbeos quomhgoe pornor oc tdoapb oe gbshs deûtdcos< os oetbegos quocbs fuoebs Ospárdtus so vhe y nokhe oc ghapb cdfro h cbsOspárdtus fhruccorbs% Mo hmá pbr quä cbs poquoøbs gbadtässbe proordfcos< ch mbabòeodnhn no prdegdpdbs# ùstbs#ghrhgtoros y gbstuafros# gbendgd÷e osoegdhc no ch fuoehhrabeáh# os hmá augmb aès ègdc no bftoeor quo oe chs`rhenos hshafcohs%

Cb quo @ärhrn no Gbnoafor` cchah bvokhs eo`rhseb sbe chs porsbehs quo fusghe no fuoeh o osgchrogorsosbfro chs ndgucthnos no ch gdoegdh b sbfro hquoccb quoeb oetdoenoe# aondheto ueh ndsgusd÷e hphgdfco# abnorhnhy gbevoedoeto# sdeb hquocchs quo vdoeoe dafudnhs gbeue soetdadoetb no bpbsdgd÷e sdstoaètdgh# quo susgdthe h tbeths y h cbghs ndsgusdbeos debpbrtuehs no ehturhcozhquo turfoe cbs trhfhkbs% Guhenb oc Ospárdtu ndgo quo mhy quo hcokhrcbs# tdoeo rhz÷e# pbrquo ch oxdstoegdh adsah noch roued÷e ostè sufbrndehnh h occb< tdoeo rhz÷e thafdäeoe nogdr quo eb mhy quo probguphrso# pbrquo su bpded÷e

porsbehc# sd os hcsh# eb dapondrè h ch vornhn provhcogor<oc soetdnb no osh phchfrh os quo eb mhy quo dequdothrsopbr su bpbsdgd÷e% Oe soùenb cu`hr# sd hquoc quo tdoeo

Hcche Lhrnog -8=:>!8=94$ Woun÷edab no Mdppbcyto Cäbe NoedzhrnVdvhdc# ponh`b`b y osgrdtbr rhegäs# hutbr no ch gbcbshc bfrh norogbpdchr# brnoehr# hebthr y pufcdghr cbs aoeshkos rogdfdnbs noch ospdrdtuhcdnhn supordbr h trhväs no ndvorsbs aänduas# oe chGbndghgd÷e; Oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus# Oc Cdfrb no cbs Aänduas# Oc

Ovheòcdb so`ûe oc Ospdrdtdsab# Oc @äeosds y Oc Gdocb y oc Deioreb# hnoaèsno sor hutbr y ondtbr no btrhs bfrhs gbapcoaoethrdhs# oe phrtdguchrch Vovdsth Ospárdth%

Hcche Lhrnog



0Eûaorb; > • Ondgd÷e Woptdoafro

ueh aheorh ndoroeto no vor chs gbshs# sd co shtdshgo# sdso bfstdeh oe occb# ²pbr quä gbetrhrdhrcb2 Oc Ospdrdtdsabeb nofo dapbeorso< nofo sor hgopthnb cdfroaoeto y nofuoe `rhnb< eb qudoro edeùeh gbevorsd÷e pbr aondb noch gbhggd÷e% Ch oxpordoegdh# pbr btrh phrto# ostè hmá phrhprbfhr quo eb os desdstdoenb quo so co mhrè ghafdhr nobpded÷e% Gbe hquoc quo fusgh no fuoeh o ch cuz# mhy quosor tbnb nondghgd÷e# eb mhy quo osghtdahr ehnh; os gocbfdoe oapcohnb y rugtáorb< gbe hquoc quo eb ch qudoro bgroo toeorch# os pornor oc tdoapb y soafrhr sbfro pdonrhs%Ch oxprosd÷e eb mhy quo probguphrso puono oetoenorso#puos# oe oc soetdnb quo eb mhy quo htbraoethrcb edvdbcoethr sus gbevdggdbeos< hgtuhr hsá# eb os osthr hctb noghrdnhn% ²Osporhabs trhorcb no euovb h dnohs aès shehs2Mh`èabscb oe prdvhnb# pbr aondb no ch porsuhsd÷e#

soh< porb sd nofo sor ghush no turfhgd÷e oe ch roued÷e#gbesorvhrcb eb soráh oe hfsbcutb abstrhr ghrdnhn mhgdhäc# yh quo occb eb co sorvdráh no ehnh# adoetrhs quo soráhporkundghr h tbnbs cbs noaès%

Oc Ospárdtu no @ärhrn no Gbnoafor` ndgoghto`÷rdghaoeto y qudzès gbe hc`b no grunozh su bpded÷e#sde proghugdbeos brhtbrdhs# gbethenb sde nunh gbe ocfuoe soetdnb gbaûe no hquoccbs h cbs guhcos so ndrdòphrh adtd`hrch oe ch prègtdgh# bfsorvhenb h ch voz cb quoprosgrdfo ch urfhednhn y chs gbevoedoegdhs< porb# shcvb chbrah noc coeùhko# oc benb noc poeshadoetb os dnäetdgbh cb quo so oxpbeo oe ch gbauedghgd÷e ropbrthnh hgbetdeuhgd÷e# fhkb oc tátucb;Oc Ospdrdtdsab icbs÷igb# bftoednhpbr ch adsah porsbeh quo mh pchetohnb ch guostd÷e< cooabscb quo sdùo; «Oxhadehn fdoe hcrononbr vuostrb sd eb mhy hcsbs morahebs# eb mhy gurdbsbs# eb mhy degränucbs% Wd cbsmhy# ruäùoecos# gbe nuczurh# gbe ghrdnhn# quo so rotdroe% Wdso rosdstoe# gbetoethrbs gbe rb`hr gbe orvbr hc Woøbr noosgchrogorcbs# y oe btrh bghsd÷e eb hnadtdrcbs oe vuostrbstrhfhkbs% Vogdfdn oetro vbsbtrbs sbchaoeto h cbs mbafrossoegdccbs quo qudoroe mhcchr ch vornhn y oc prb`rosb%‑ Osnogdr# oe btrbs täradebs# nosoafhrhzhrbs onughnhaoetono hquoccbs quo bs trhfhe¼%

Oe chs rouedbeos pûfcdghs# nbeno sbabs cdfrosno hnadtdr h qudoeos quoroabs# os aès ègdc quo oe chssbgdonhnos gbestdtudnhs# nbeno cbs adoafrbs ostèe

cd`hnbs y nbeno so cchah h ghpátucb% Mhy quo tbahr puos tbnb tdpb no proghugdbeos sd eb quoroabsoeroethadoetbs% Oc sdstoah no hsbgdhnbs cdfros# hnbpthnbpbr ch Wbgdotä no Zhrds# os oc aès hprbpdhnb phrh provoedr cbs degbevoedoetos# yh quo s÷cb hnadto h cbs hsbgdhnbs nobrah prbvdsdbehc# y sde vbz nocdforhtdvh oe cbs hsuetbs noch Wbgdonhn# nurheto ue gdortb tdoapb quo cos poradtohprogdhr su gocb# su novbgd÷e y su ospárdtu gbegdcdhnbr%Cb osoegdhc os brahr ue eûgcob no uenhnbros tdtuchros#uednbs pbr ueh porogth gbaued÷e no bfkotdvbs# nobpdedbeos y no soetdadoetbs# y osthfcogor ro`chs progdshs hchs guhcos noforèe brzbshaoeto sbaotorso hquoccbs quo

qudorhe# aès thrno# uedrso% Voadtdabs sbfro oso hspogtbhc ro`chaoetb no ch Wbgdotä no Zhrds y h chs destruggdbeosquo moabs nhnb hc rospogtb% Euostrb nosob aèsprbuenb os vor ch hrabeáh y ch ued÷e rodehr oetro cbs

`rupbs y sbgdonhnos quo so brahe oe tbnhs phrtos< ospbr occb quo toenroabs sdoapro ue nofor# oc hyunhr gbegbesokbs fhshnbs oe euostrh oxpordoegdh h hquoccbs quogrohe pbnor hprbvogmhrcbs% Ebs cdadthroabs h nogdrcosno abaoetb; Wde mbabòeodnhn# eb mhy ued÷e sdapètdghoetro cbs adoafrbs# eb mhy rochgdbeos hogtubshs< sdeued÷e# eb mhy osthfdcdnhn< sde osthfdcdnhn# eb mhy ghcah< sdeghcah# eb mhy trhfhkb sordb< no hmá quo gbegcudabs quoch mbabòeodnhn os oc prdegdpdb vdthc no tbnh sbgdonhn broued÷e ospárdth% Os cb quo mhe ndgmb gbe rhz÷e @ärhrn noGbnoafor` y Forehnde< oe guhetb hc Ospárdtu quo so mhprosoethnb gbab sufstdtutb noc prdaorb# su gbauedghgd÷e

tdoeo tbnbs cbs ghrhgtoros no ueh gbauedghgd÷e hp÷grdh%

HCCHE LHVNOG

Wde mbabòeodnhn# eb mhy ued÷e

sdapètdgh oetro cbs adoafrbs# eb mhy rochgdbeos hogtubshs< sde ued÷e# ebmhy osthfdcdnhn< sde osthfdcdnhn# eb

mhy ghcah< sde ghcah# eb mhy trhfhkbsordb<



= Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

Ch ahybráh no chs porsbehs quo mhe oerdquogdnbsu vdnh gbe ch cdtorhturh# rochgdbehe uenhaoethcaoetoch ebtbrdonhn no Hrtmur Gbehe Nbyco gbe su sordo noebvochs pbcdgdhghs fhshnhs oe chs hvoeturhs noc nbgtbr Phtsbe y chs henhezhs noc habsb notogtdvo no ggd÷eWmorcbgl Mbcaos%

Zorb nofoabs rogbrnhr quo uo thafdäe ueb nocbs aès oetusdhsths y nosthghnbs prbauc`hnbros noc Os!pdrdtdsab# no cbs sd`cbs ]D] y ]]# quo trhfhk÷ phrh chndvuc`hgd÷e no ch Nbgtrdeh no cbs Ospárdtus%

Ehgdnb oc 66 no ahyb no 8=?4 oe Ondafur`b -Os!gbgdh$# mdkb ahybr no hadcdh ght÷cdgh osgbgosh# ostund÷ oechs _edvorsdnhnos no Wtbeymurst y no Ondafur`b# nbenogbegcuy÷ ch ghrrorh no aondgdeh# oe ch _edvorsdnhn noOndafur`b# oe 8==8# mhfdoenb surdnb oe ostbs høbs uehgrdsds rocd`dbsh quo prbvbghráh oe oc uturb gbeidgtbs h!adcdhros y toesdbeos ospdrdtuhcos# nordvhenb su soetdadoe!

tb mhgdh btrhs tobráhs cbs÷ghs%Vogbrn÷ sdoapro chs oxpordoegdhs gbe su phnro

guhenb orh edøb# quo rhrh voz cco`hfh h su ghsh sde osthr ofrdb< y gbab su ahnro voáh gbab su ahrdnb so `hsthfh tbnb oc suocnb oe ch fofdnh# oapoz÷ h trhfhkhr# nogdndoe!nb oevdhr h su mdkb h ostundhr h ch Osguoch prophrhtbrdhno cbs Kosudths oe Mbnnor Zchgo -Wtbeymurst$ h cbs euovohøbs no onhn%

Wu phnro ccovhráh ueh vdnh ccoeh no sdèdghnhs por! turfhgdbeos nofdnb h su hcgbmbcdsab# quo co gbenukb h ch

noprosd÷e# y quo nospuäs no phshr vhrdbs høbs oe destd! tugdbeos aoethcos# aurd÷ pbstordbraoeto oe Osgbgdh oe8=47%

Adoetrhs ostundhfh Hrtmur Gbehe Nbyco# hetos noquo guapcdorh cbs 6: høbs# gbadoezh h osgrdfdr mdstbrdhsgbrths# pufcdgèenbso ch prdaorh no occhs oe Gmhafors¾sOndefur`m Kburehc% H cbs 66 høbs so `rhnu÷ gbab aänd!gb ehvhc# rogdfdoenb su tátucb guhtrb høbs aès thrno% Oeosbs høbs gbebgd÷ y gbesbcdn÷ ueh `rhe hadsthn gbe oc

osgrdtbr osgbgäs K%A% Fhrrdo%Hc toradehr sus ostundbs no aondgdeh oe 8==6 y

gbesdnorèenbso gbab ch ahybráh no cbs aändgbs ahto!rdhcdsth# nospdorth htrhyoenb su htoegd÷e cbs oe÷aoebsospárdths y# kuetb gbe hcùebs had`bs quo thafdäe so de! toroshfhe pbr occbs# hguno nurheto ue tdoapb h hcù!ehs rouedbeos no vochnbros covdthtbrdbs y `drhtbrdbs# oeoc gursb no chs guhcos rogdfoe gbauedghgdbeos fhsthetosc÷`dghs# y so pchetohe quä detocdòegdhs nofáhe abvor chaosh%

Nofdnb h su pbgb äxdtb prbosdbehc dedgdhc# oe 8==7

y gbe 67 høbs# nospuäs no trhschnhrso h vdvdr h Zbrts!abutm o desthchr ueh gcáedgh sde prbvogmb ahtordhc hcùeb#so nondgh h osgrdfdr no euovb mdstbrdhs# degbrpbrèenbsohsdadsab hc nopbrto; ru`fy# `bc# fbxob%

Hetos y nospuäs no su othph uedvorsdthrdh so deto`rhgbab aändgb noc fuquo WW Ahyuafh oe sus vdhkos hchs gbsths no Èrdgh Bggdnoethc oe 8==?% Oe oso adsabhøb so ghsh gbe Cbudso Mhwldes no guyh ued÷e ehgdorbeAhry Cbudso y Hccoyeo Lde`scoy% Oe 84:9 hccogo su ospb!sh# y phshnb ue høb so ghsh gbe Kohe Cogldo# gbe qudoe tuvb tros mdkbs# hccogdoenb ästh oc 60 no kuedb no 84>:%

Woráh oe 8==9 guhenb ch ghsuhcdnhn pusb oe sus ah!ebs ue cdfrb tdtuchnb ^mo roadedsgoesos b kunò Onabens% Wu hutbr orh adoafrb no ch Wuproah Gbrto no Kustdgdh

FDB@VHIÁH%WDV HV^M_V GBEHE NBTCO

Ndvuc`hnbr ospárdth# hrtdgucdsth y gbeioroegdheto% Zhrtdgdph oe prb`rh!

ahs no rhndb y tocovdsd÷e no toaètdgh ospdrdtuhc% Os prosdnoeto no ch Hsbgdhgd÷e no Ostundbs Ospárdths no Ahnrdn% Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz




no Euovh Tbrl y porsbeh ostdahnh# no `rhe vhcbr% Coy÷oc cdfrb gbe `rhe detoräs# nbeno so rooráh gbe tbnh gchsono nothccos gbab su ospbsh nospuäs no auorth mhfáhpbndnb poraheogor oe gbethgtb gbe äc%

Wu gurdbsdnhn co mhfáh nosporthnb cb sugdoeto#quo oc nosob no gbebgor aès cdtorhturh co sbrproend÷hc shfor quo ue `rhe eûaorb no mbafros supordbros#mbafros guybs ebafros gbestdtuáhe ue `hchrn÷e noetrbno chs gdoegdhs# groáhe raoaoeto quo oc ospárdtu os de!nopoendoeto no ch ahtordh y pbnáh sbfrovdvdr h occh; Pd!ccdhas Grbblos# h qudoe gbebgáh gbab oc quáadgb aèsoadeoeto no De`chtorrh< Hcron Vussoc Phcchgo# gbapotd!nbr no Nhrwde< Ghadcco Ichaahrdbe# oc aès gbebgdnb nocbs hstr÷ebabs%

Wdoenb yh ue kbvoe aändgb oe 8==0# osthfh the de!aorsb oe oc Ospdrdtdsab# quo oe oc aos no kuedb osgrd!fd÷ ueh ghrth hc ondtbr no ch rovdsth Cd`mt oxpcdghenb sugbevorsd÷e hc Ospdrdtdsab# quo uo roprbnugdnh prdaorboe kucdb noc adsab høb y aès thrno oe ch ondgd÷e noc60 no h`bstb no 8460# nofdnb h ch dapbrthegdh no sugbetoednb% ^hetb uo hsá quo oc 8? no kucdb no 8464 chVovdsth Detorehgdbehc no Ospdrdtdsab no Ahtîb# ndrd`dnh pbr Ghdfhr Wgmutoc# pufcdg÷ oe oc Frhsdc# ch prdaorh trhnuggd÷edeto`rhc no ndgmh ghrth# pbr sor ue nbguaoetb uenh!aoethcaoeto vhcdbsb% Hnoaès pufcdg÷ ue poquoøb cdfrb

–Ch euovh rovochgd÷e‑%Ybcvdoenb h rotbahr grbebc÷`dghaoeto oc tdoa!

pb# oe 8=48 so mhfáh trhschnhnb h vdvdr h Cbenros phrhokorgor no bthca÷cb`b% Äc adsab oe su fdb`rháh mhfáhgbaoethnb quo nofdnb h quo ede`ûe phgdoeto mhfáh vd!sdthnb su gcáedgh# ostb co hgdcdt÷ oc osgrdfdr nurheto tbnbosto tdoapb%

Oe oc pordbnb no tdoapb no 8=48# oe ue abaoetbno despdrhgd÷e# mhfáh gbaoezhnb h pufcdghr oe ch rovdsthWtrhen Ah`hzdeo chs henhezhs no sus porsbehkos Wmorcbgl Mbcaos y oc Nbgtbr Phtsbe mhsth 8=47# y nogdno nhrcos

auorto oe ch ggd÷e h chs mdstbrdhs y hvoeturhs no hafbs#quo mhfáhe nbadehnb su vdnh% Ostbs porsbehkos quo uo!rbe gbesdnorhnbs gbab grátdgbs y vomágucbs no ch Wbgdo!nhn Ydgtbrdheh# mhfáhe heuchnb sus btrhs bfrhs cdtorhrdhsy mhsth su prbpdh porsbehcdnhn% Zorb aès thrno y h thcpuetb# nofdnb h ch prosd÷e no sus cogtbros# quo gbesdno!rhe quo sus porsbehkos orhe vorándgbs# nogdno –rosugdthr‑hc notogtdvo oe 84:6# gbe gdortbs rhs`bs rovochnbros# gbeOc shfuosb no cbs Fhslorvdcco%

Oe 84::# osgrdfd÷ su cdfrb aès oxtoesb# Ch ùorrh nocbs F÷ors# y ue hrtágucb quo uo hapcdhaoeto nduendnb y trhnugdnb; Ch ùorrh oe oc sur no Èrdgh; ghushs y noshrrbccb#quo kustdghfh ch phrtdgdphgd÷e no @rhe Frothøh# cb quoprbvbg÷ quo co ebafrhrhe Ghfhccorb noc Dapordb Frd! tèedgb oe 84:6# btbr`èenbco oc trhthadoetb no Wdr% H cb

chr`b no su vdnh uorbe sosoeth y bgmb rochtbs cbs quoosgrdfd÷%

Oetro 8468 y 8460 chs ebvochs pbcdgdhghs# tbnhs occhs

prbth`bedzhnhs pbr oc Nr% Phtsbe y Wmorcbgl Mbcaossbe pufcdghnhs# y sus tátucbs# kuetb gbe hcùehs rogbpdch!gdbeos# hphrogoe thafdäe oe ndhrdbs y rovdsths no `rhe tdrhnh%

rhs ch auor to no su mdkb ahybr oe chs trdegmorhs noch D @uorrh Auendhc# so gbevdorto oe ue nooesbr noc Os!pdrdtdsab y so nondgh# gbe ch oeor`áh quo cb ghrhgtordzhfh#h nhr gbeoroegdhs pbr ndoroetos phásos phrh nduendrcb#pufcdghenb oe 8468 ^mo Phenorde`s b Wpdrdtuhcdst y aès thrno oe 8469 ^mo Mdstbry b Wpdrdtuhcdsa# throh quo cohfsbrforáh cbs ûctdabs høbs no su vdnh% Wu hutbfdb`rháh#

Aoabrdhs y Hvoeturhs# so pufcdg÷ oe 846>%

Nosohabs nosthghr noetrb no ch bfrh no Hrtmur Gbehe Nbyco –Mdstbrdh noc Ospdrdtdsab‑# cogturh eogosh!rdh phrh hapcdhr cbs gbebgdadoetbs noc Ospdrdtdsab nos!no sus dedgdbs% Cdfrb quo ebs sbrproenorè pbr ch `rheghetdnhn no nhtbs dapbrthetos quo puonoe oerdquogor euostrb shfor%

Hrtmur Gbehe Nbyco aurd÷ oc 0 no kucdb no 847: hcbs 08 høbs no ue hthquo hc gbrhz÷e# oe Grbwfbrbu`m-De`chtorrh$% _eh osthtuh suyh so oeguoetrh oe osh cbghcd!nhn nbeno rosdnd÷ nurheto 67 høbs%

Wdr Hrtmur Gbehe Nbyco

Oe osth ndroggd÷e no ybutufomttp;""www%ybutufo%gba"whtgm2v1g0v!KsFbH7>oegbetrhabs ue vdnob no Nbycomhfchenb no Ospdrdtdsab# -hgtdvhenbsuftátucbs so puono coor ch trhnuggd÷ehc ghstoccheb$



8: Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

OE^VOYDW^H H%%%

Oegbetrhr roiokhnhs oe osths pè`dehs chs phchfrhs y gbaoethrdbs no Whetdh`h Ebùorb# uenhnbrh y prosdnoethno ch Hsbgdhgd÷e Ospárdth no Yhcoegdh –Mb`hr Irhtoreb‑#ebs hco`rh oebraoaoeto oc gbrhz÷e# puostb quo occh mhsdnb uenhaoethc phrh oc dapucsb noc Abvdadoetb OspárdthOsphøbc trhs ch Noabgrhgdh y thafdäe pbrquo Whetdh`h ebhgbstuafrh h sdèdghrso oe cbs aondbs no gbauedghgd÷eospárdths# puostb quo sdoapro mh proordnb poraheogor hcokhnh no occbs# h poshr no su dapbrtheto deiuoegdh#noco`henb oe btrbs gbaphøorbs%

Nosohabs gbaoezhr osth oetrovdsth# nospuäsno h`rhnogorco auy sdegorhaoeto osth bpbrtuednhn#

proùetèenbco;²G÷ab uo su prdaor gbethgtb gbe oc Ospdrdtdsab2

Gbebzgb oc Ospdrdtdsab nosno quo toe`b usb norhz÷e% Ad ahnro orh ospárdth oe oc puofcb nbeno ehgá#Fdoesorvdnh -Hcfhgoto$% Hccá mhfáh ue `rupdtb quo cb ndrd`áhue ahtrdabedb no ue puofcb gorgheb# quo voeáh ue phr no vogos pbr aos% Occh orh rhegosh# no nbeno trhkb sugbebgdadoetb sbfro oc Ospdr dtdsab# orh ueh fuoeh aänduano vdnoegdh y proabedgd÷e% Ebs trháhe cdfrbs# quo cbs voenáheh chs porsbehs èvdnhs oe gbebgor osth nbgtrdeh ahrhvdccbsh#oetro occhs# chs hfuochs no porsbehs no euostrb Goetrb%Ad ahnro gbapr÷ oc cdfrb Nospuäs no ch Auorto# no CäbeNoeds< Aoabrdhs noc Zhnro @oraèe y ô Zornbeb# no Hahcdh

Nbade`b Wbcor < Ch @uáh Zrègtdgh noc Ospdrdtdsth# no AdùocYdvos y chs Brhgdbeos Ospdrdtdsths no Hcche Lhrnog% Gchrb# tbnb ostb sugond÷ hetos no ch @uorrh Gdvdc# porb guhenbästh torade÷# gbab ad puofcb mhfáh sdnb zbeh ropufcdghehy oc Ospdrdtdsab phs÷ h sor prbmdfdnb# surdabs ueh torrdfcoporsogugd÷e# no rhvos gbesoguoegdhs hadcdhros% Ads phnrosoetorrhrbe cbs cdfrbs oe ueh ghsdth quo toeáhabs oe ocghapb# nbeno so ùhrnhfhe chs morrhadoeths no chfrhezh#cdfrbs quo hmbrh ostèe oe euostrh Hsbgdhgd÷e% Gbabgbesoguoegdh no chs hahrùrhs quo tuvdabs quo surdr# theth trhòndh# ads phnros oad`rhrbe h Yhcoegdh# foendth chmbrh pbr augmhs rhzbeos…²Guèc uo oc abtdvb quo ch dapucs÷ h uenhr osto Goetrb

Ospárdth oe Yhcoegdh2Oe 84>9 vdedabs h Yhcoegdh gbe ch detoegd÷e no mudr no theth porsogugd÷e y hahrùrh# detoethenb hfrdrebs ghadebphrh sbfrovdvdr% Zbgb h pbgb áfhabs suporhenb tbnb# oe

849? ad phnro phs÷ hc auenb ospdrdtuhc# porb eb toeáhabsgbethgtb gbe ehndo quo gbebgdorh oc Ospdrdtdsab% Zhshrbecbs høbs# mhsth 840= aès b aoebs# eb roguornb# porb oeeuostrh ghsh no mhfchfh no Ospdrdtdsab h tbnh mbrh% Adahrdnb huequo eb orh háe# ed gbetrhrdb# orh cb prdegdphcquo nofoabs sor# tbcorheto y rospothr chs grooegdhs nocbs noaès% _eh ebgmo adoetrhs yb nbraáh# äc quo toeáhsdoapro puosth ch rhndb pbr su prbfcoah hsaètdgb# osgugm÷h Vhhoc @bezècoz Abcdeh mhfchenb no Ospdrdtdsab# quo ndbue eûaorb no hphrthnb no gbrrobs# oxpcdghenb quo so dfhh gbaoezhr h ondthr ueh rovdsth gbe bfkotb no rohcdzhr ueoeguoetrb gbe cbs ospdrdtdsths osphøbcos% Ad ahrdnb tba÷ebth no tbnb ostb# guhenb yb nosportä ao cb gbet÷ y hc náhsdùdoeto oe ad ebafro osgrdfd÷ h Vhhoc y ebs susgrdfdrebsh ch rovdsth# y h phrtdr no tbnb ostb so oapoz÷ h poeshr oeoc Gbe`rosb no 84=8 oe Ahnrdn% Hgundabs ad moraheh#su ahrdnb y ebsbtrbs nbs% Oc Gbe`rosb uo ahrhvdccbsb#hccá osthfh aondh muahednhn# mhfáh ghthcheos# henhcugos# oee# augmbs gbe`rosdsths% Gchrb# thetb ad ahrdnb gbab yb#groáhabs quo ärhabs auy pbgbs cbs quo quonèfhabsnospuäs no ch chr`h ndgthnurh y ostèfhabs the gbetoetbsy sbrproendnbs%%%# quo euegh mhfáhabs osthnb oe ede`ûehgbetogdadoetb the fdoe br`hedzhnb# hc quo oc @rupb noYdccoeh gbetrdfuy÷ augmb oe tbnb% Hc vbcvor# ad ahrdnbso sdetd÷ btrb# oapoz÷ h coor cdfrbs y rovdsths y hccá nbenomhfáh guhcqudor oeguoetrb# ostèfhabs ebsbtrbs% Oe Ydccoehgbebgdabs h @hsphrottb# gbe sus pdeturhs aondûaedghs# hNdvhcnb Irhegb% ûvdabs ueh fuoeásdah rochgd÷e sdoaprogbe Vhhoc @bezècoz Abcdeh y Ahebcdth# su aukor# oe e#ärhabs auy ocdgos# porb h cbs nbs høbs noc Gbe`rosb noAhnrdn ad ahrdnb aurd÷ no ue dehrtb%

Guhenb nosoeghre÷ ad ahrdnb oe 84=7 phrh aá uo auy nurb# porb cbs morahebs quo yh ebs gbebgáheao hedahrbe h soùdr# y yb cb eogosdthfh# no abnb quohccá nbeno mhfáh ue oeguoetrb hgunáh% Oe ueb no ostbsoeguoetrbs ao prosoethrbe h ue shgornbto ght÷cdgb#porb ospárdth# mhfchabs augmb y ao ndkb quo oe Yhcoegdh

gbebgáh h hcùebs ospárdths# quo sd yb quoráh cbs trhoráh had ghsh phrh tbahr gbethgtb% T hsá uo gbab oe ad ghshoapozhabs h rouedrebs gdegb b sods porsbehs y nospuäscco`hrbe btrbs mhsth quo ad ghsh yh eb orh sugdoeto…

WHE^DH@H EB@_OVB




²Guècos uorbe chs ndgucthnos# oetbegos# gbe chs quo sooegbetr÷2

Oetbegos nondquä ue pdsb s÷cb phrh oc `rupb oe chghcco Ydsdthgd÷e# quo sdùd÷ grogdoenb% Aès thrno puso chpcheth fhkh oe ch quo osthabs hmbrh# porb yb eb poesä oebrahr ede`ûe `rupb% Oc `rupb so bra÷ hsá# cb quo qudorbnogdr os quo eb os aärdtb aáb# oc `rupb os no cbs quouorbe hgundoenb% Wd hc`ûe aärdtb toe`b os oc no mhfor hcfor`hnb h cbs quo mhe brahnb phrto no äc y oetro ostbsostèe Zopo Chezuoch y su aukor Ahrd Zhz% Occbs sdoapro aomhe hyunhnb augmásdab# eb s÷cb gbe rochgd÷e hc `rupb#sdeb oe ad vdnh porsbehc% Zopo so oeghr`÷ no cbs osthtutbsy no tbnb oc phpocob quo gbeccovh co`hcdzhr ueh hsbgdhgd÷eoe hquoccbs tdoapbs% Nospuäs cco`÷ Zdchr# btrh porsbeh auy trhfhkhnbrh y auy vhcdbsh% Zhrh aá sbe thetbs# quo augmbsyh phshrbe hc auenb ospdrdtuhc% Wbe thetbs h qudoeos nofbhtoegdbeos gbab Vhhoc @bezècoz Abcdeh# h Ahebcdth# ebpuonb nhr sus ebafros pbrquo eb toenráh fhstheto phpocy tdeth% Grob quo toenrä quo rooeghrehr augmhs vogosphrh h`rhnogor tbnb cb quo ao mhe nhnb% Ad phtrdabedbhogtdvb os deaoesb% Nospuäs cco`÷ Cbcd# btrh trhfhkhnbrhdegheshfco# y Ahrd Èeòcos# sdoapro the hogtubsh# oe e#quo Ndbs cos phùo h tbnbs cb quo eb puonb ph`hrcos yb%Whfoabs quo uston mh hsdstdnb mhgo augmbs høbs hGbe`rosbs Detorehgdbehcos uorh no Osphøh% Cbs hgtuhcosGbe`rosbs Ehgdbehcos ²ostèe h ch hcturh no hquoccbs quogbebgd÷ oetbegos2

Gbe rospogtb h cbs Gbe`rosbs# phrh aá sbe y mhesdnb auy `rhtbs# oapozhenb pbr oc Ehgdbehc no 84=8

oe Ahnrdn y toradehenb pbr oc Detorehgdbehc no 6:8: oeYhcoegdh% Oe osto ûctdab eb puno osthr aès quo uehs mbrhspbr ads prbfcoahs no shcun% Zorb oe cbs quo mo osthnb# thetb oe Osphøh gbab oe btrbs phásos# oe Frhsdc# Irhegdh#Zbrtu`hc# Fäc`dgh… quo mhe sdnb augmbs# tbnbs ao mhephrogdnb# nosno ad muadcno oetoendadoetb# no `rhe vhcbr nbgtrdehrdb# no hrabeáh oetro tbnbs cbs gbe`rosdsths y nobr`hedzhgd÷e# yb ndráh ah`dstrhc% Noc oeguoetrb quo ùhrnbue `rhtásdab roguornb os oc Gbe`rosb Ospárdth Auendhc no84=4 oe Frhsdcdh% Vhhoc @bezècoz br`hedz÷ oc vdhko phrh ue`rupb no 8: porsbehs y trhs oc gbe`rosb vdsdthabs vhrdbsgoetrbs hgbaphøhnbs pbr Ndvhcnb% Ostuvdabs oe Váb no Kheodrb# Whe Zhfcb# Focb Mbrdzbeto# otg% hafdäe oe ch ghsh no

Irhegdsgb Gèendnb ]hvdor oe Adehs @orhds y oe ch Ahesd÷enoc Ghadeb# uenhnh pbr Ndvhcnb oe Whcvhnbr% Iuorbe 84náhs no `rhenos sbrproshs y `rhtásdahs soeshgdbeos%²Os ndágdc ndrd`dr ue –Goetrb Ospárdth‑2

Zhrh aá eb cb mh sdnb# pbrquo yb eb mo ndrd`dnb hehndo# puono quo hcùebs no cbs quo so mhe degbrpbrhnb hcgoetrb ao mhyhe ndrd`dnb h aá% Tb toeáh pbgb quo oesoøhr#pbrquo pbgb sä# porb guhenb hcùdoe mh voednb gbeprbpuosths quo eb toeáhe rochgd÷e gbe ch Gbndghgd÷e noLhrnog# mo ndgmb; eb%²G÷ab so mh dnb noshrrbcchenb ch Destdtugd÷e h cb chr`bno osto tdoapb2

Ch vornhn quo fdoe# sdoapro gbe ad coah no puorthshfdorths phrh oetrhr y phrh shcdr% Cbs quo eb osthfhe nohguornb gbe ch Gbndghgd÷e so dfhe y nospuäs mhe vuoctb#porb ch vornhn quo tbnb cb mo toednb ègdc%

²Xuä dapbrthegdh tdoeo phrh uston oc hspogtb aondûaedgbno ch Nbgtrdeh quo ebrahcaoeto susgdth oc detoräs no chsporsbehs quo ebs vdsdthe2

Grob quo ch aonduaednhn sd so tdoeo# puos fdoe#

os phrh guctdvhrch phrh oc sorvdgdb h cbs noaès y eb phrhgroorso quo os abtdvb no brùccb# sdeb abtdvb phrh sorvdr aès y aokbr%²Nofdnb h sus oxpordoegdhs oe deeuaorhfcos rouedbeosaondûaedghs# ²mh toednb ch bpbrtuednhn no gbetoapchrhcùeh ahtordhcdzhgd÷e2

Eb mo toednb osh suorto# porb thapbgb os ue toahquo ao mhyh probguphnb# pbrquo ao mhe mogmb ocdzbtrhs gbshs%²Wo rdvbcdzh gbe ch aonduaednhn2

Grob quo sá# oe hcùebs ghsbs# porb thafdäe grob quoos aès pbr dèbrhegdh%

H cb chr`b noc tdoapb# gbab bgurro oe tbnbs cbs `rupbs#mh gbebgdnb augmásdahs porsbehs quo so hphrthrbeno ch Hsbgdhgd÷e pbr ndoroetos ghushs y abtdvbs% Wubfsorvhgd÷e oe tbnbs ostbs høbs ch su`doroe quo noforáhmhfor hgtuhnb oetbegos no aheorh ndstdeth# oe rochgd÷egbe hquoccbs quo yh eb ostèe%

Oe thetbs høbs no tbnb mh mhfdnb# porb ehnh noaugmh dapbrthegdh% Os ègdc% Zuonb nogdr quo oe ede`ûeghsb so mhe rbtb cbs chzbs no hadsthn y rospotb%Ovbghenb cbs prdaorbs høbs no Oc Ospdrdtdsab oe Osphøhno ch aheb no su `rhe had`b Vhhoc @bezècoz Abcdeh# hqudoe nofoabs h`rhnogor cbs ospdrdtdsths su osuorzb yshgrdgdb pbr su co`hcdzhgd÷e# y ch äpbgh hgtuhc ²G÷ab vo

hgtuhcaoeto oc Abvdadoetb Ospárdth Osphøbc2Grob quo ch chfbr no Vhhoc uo fuoeh y ndb su rutb y vob quo grogo y ibrogo oc Ospdrdtdsab oe Osphøh augmb y auy fdoe% Tb ao sdoetb auy ocdz pbr osth ghush%²Xuä bpded÷e co aorogo oc hafdoeto aorghetdc quooevuocvo h tbnbs hquoccbs quo vdvoe hprbvogmèenbso noch eogosdnhn quo toeoabs chs porsbehs pbr shfor no chsdtuhgd÷e no euostrbs soros quordnbs nosoeghrehnbs2²_ston groo quo cbs ospárdtus so prosthe h gbchfbrhr gbeosths prbosdbehcos no ch vdnoegdh2

Grob quo ehndo quo gbebzgh oc Ospdrdtdsab so prostoh osbs kuo`bs% W÷cb puonoe prosthrso h mhgorcbs cbs ebospárdths pbr eo`bgdb b dèbrhegdh%

Wu oxpordoegdh oe ch br`hedzhgd÷e y ndroggd÷e no uebno cbs prdaorbs –@rupbs Ospárdths‑ oe Osphøh trhs chNoabgrhgdh pbnráh sor oc hcdgdoeto phrh ch grohgd÷e nobtrbs noetrb noc torrdtbrdb ehgdbehc% ²Zbnráh hgbesokhrebsoe osto hspogtb2

Tb cb sdoetb# yb sdrvb phrh quo ao hgbesokoe h aá#puos phrh aá tbnb mh sdnb ègdc% Eb os aärdtb aáb# osaärdtb no cbs quo so hgorghrbe y so sdetdorbe h ùstb oe ocpoquoøb Mb`hr Irhtoreb# puos ao ndorbe theths hco`ráhs y puno hproenor no tbnb occbs# sd hc`b sä%Zbr ûctdab ²Guèc soráh oc suoøb quo qudsdorh rohcdzhrhetos no phrtdr phrh oc –Auenb Ospdrdtuhc‑2

Ad suoøb os quo oc Mb`hr Irhtoreb pornuro y quo

cbs quo adcdthe hmbrh# gbab cbs quo voe`he nospuäs oeosth throh# so sdoethe the ocdgos gbab ao mh mogmb ocOspdrdtdsab y ao sdùo mhgdoenb h aá% Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz




CHW GBCBEDHW

OWZDVD^_HCOW

²Xuä phsh guhenb ueb auoro2 ²G÷ab sorè suvdnh oe oc aès hccè2 ²Drè h ue gdocb b h ue deoreb2Chs rospuosths h oshs# y h btrhs proùeths soaokhetos#ostèe sukoths h chs gbevdggdbeos no chs porsbehs% _eahtordhcdsth ndrè quo# guhenb ueb auoro# eb vh h sdtdbhcùeb# puos tbnb so hghfh oe ch tuafh% _e ospdrdtuhcdsthndrè quo cbs fuoebs vhe hc gdocb y cbs ahcbs hc deoreb%Btrbs hûe hrahrèe quo oc nostdeb ehc noc sor# quohgtuhcdz÷ tbnhs sus pbtoegdhcdnhnos# os oc Edrvheh% T hsá sugosdvhaoeto% ²G÷ab shfor qudoeos tdoeoe ch rhz÷e2

Hetos no soùdr oe oc heècdsds noc hsuetb# vhconosthghr quo eb toeoabs ch detoegd÷e no gbevoegor hehndo% Eb ebs ndrd`dabs h qudoe ostä gbevoegdnb no sus

bpdedbeos sbfro oc toah% Ebs ndrd`dabs h hquoccbs quo#hc hnadtdr ch oxdstoegdh y suporvdvoegdh noc hcah nospuäsno ch auorto noc guorpb ásdgb# ostèe detoroshnbs oegb`dthr sbfro su nostdeb% Zhrh osbs# mhy ch gbevdggd÷eno quo oc Ospárdtu drè h hc`ûe sdtdb huequo eb toe`hegbevdggd÷e no mhgdh n÷eno ed g÷ab os oso cu`hr%

Yhabs h utdcdzhr ue okoapcb sdapco; guhenbquoroabs shfor g÷ab os ue phás# cb aès rhzbehfco²eb soráh proùethr h hcùebs no sus mhfdthetosquo nosgrdfdosoe oc sdtdb oe nbeno vdvoe2 ²Oc adsabrhzbehadoetb eb pbnráh sor hpcdghnb oe rochgd÷e h

hquoccbs quo yh uctrhphshrbe chs rbetorhs no ch auorto2Oc mogmb os quo yh so mdzb osh proùeth h augmbs no cbsquo mhe phshnb hc btrb chnb no ch vdnh% Zorb chs rospuosthseb sbe sdoapro dùhcos# puos cbs Ospárdtus rospbenoegbebrao h sus oxpordoegdhs# y yh so mh dnoetdghnb quomhy Ospárdtus furcbeos# h qudoeos cos ùsth oe`høhr h cbsquo grooe gdo`haoeto oe sus –rovochgdbeos‑% Hnoaès#cbs aänduas vdnoetos b no nosnbfchadoetb -quo oetrheoe äxthsds oe gdorths gdrguesthegdhs y vdsdthe oc pchebospdrdtuhc$ ostèe sukotbs h deiuoegdhs no sus prbpdhsgbevdggdbeos y puonoe detorvoedr oe ch debrahgd÷e

quo rogdfoe noc aès hccè% Zorb# huequo soh dapbrthetorogbebgor oshs ndgucthnos ‗suporhfcos gbe oc hpbybno augmb ostundb# porsovorhegdh y ndsgdpcdeh‗# h cbchr`b noc tdoapb uo pbsdfco socoggdbehr debrahgdbeos

quo ùhrnhe gbmoroegdh y poradtoe brahrebs uehdnoh rochtdvhaoeto bfkotdvh no gbab os ch vdnh no cbscchahnbs auortbs# quo# no mogmb# no auortbs ehnh tdoeoe# puos sdùoe vdvdoenb no brah auy soaokheto hch quo tuvdorbe adoetrhs osthfhe –vdvbs‑ oetro ebsbtrbs%

Hcche Lhrnog# oe ndvorshs bfrhs gbab Oc cdfrb nocbs ospárdtus# Oc gdocb y oc deioreb# Ch rovdsth ospárdth# oetrobtrhs# ovdnoegd÷# gbe augmh ahostráh# quo oc hsuetb osauy hetdùb y so puono ufdghr rooroegdhs h äc oe chsoesoøhezhs no cbs aès hetdùbs shfdbs% Zorb# oe cbs tdoapbs abnorebs# ueb no cbs prdaorbs rovochnbrosno ch gbendgd÷e no cbs Ospárdtus oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc#mhgdoenb rooroegdh degcusb h chs gbcbedhs ospdrdtuhcos#

uo Oaaheuoc Wwonoefbr`# ue suogb no gbebgdadoetbsauy hapcdbs oe ndvorshs rhahs y auy gbesdnorhnb oech sbgdonhn no su äpbgh% Zorb Wwonoefbr` so nok÷deiuoegdhr pbr sus prbpdhs gbevdggdbeos o mdzb hcùehshrahgdbeos degbmoroetos y uorh no c÷`dgh phrhsor hgopthnhs deto`rhcaoeto% Zorb osb eb devhcdnh chdapbrthegdh no su bfrh phrh qudoeos nosooe ostundhr oc toah%

Nospuäs no äc# btrbs ndvorsbs aänduas rogdfdorbedebrahgdbeos rooroetos hc hsuetb% Oetro occbs On`hr Ghygo y Henrow Khglsbe Nhvds oe Osthnbs _ednbs no

Ebrto Haärdgh% Osto ûctdab hrahfh quo Wwonoefb`#yh oe ch gbendgd÷e no Ospárdtu# orh ueb no sus ùáhsospdrdtuhcos%

Btrb haordgheb quo trht÷ noc toah uo ocVovoroenb @% Yhco Bwoe# quo nosgrdfo# oe oc cdfrb ^mocdo foyben tmo vodc -Ch vdnh aès hccè noc vocb$# ueh gbcbedhospdrdtuhc auy detorosheto oe nbeno cbs gbcbros sbeghafdhetos# degcusb cbs no chs hvos# no gbebradnhn gbechs vdfrhgdbeos quo oadtoe cbs mhfdthetos no oso sdtdb%^bnb os auy foccb y frdccheto# gbe augmh cuadebsdnhn y cbs Ospárdtus# hccá# sbe auy ocdgos%

Oe Osphøh# oetro btrbs# ueh `rhe ostundbsh no chsrochgdbeos noc auenb ospdrdtuhc gbe cbs oeghrehnbsuo Hahcdh Nbade`b Wbcor# gbe ch pufcdghgd÷e no

Os pordbndsth# aändua no psdgbbeáh# brhnbr y osgrdtbr ospárdth gbehapcdh oxpordoegdh oe oc abvdadoetb ospárdth detorehgdbehc%

Ghrcbs Ghapottd




gbesdnorhfco ghetdnhn no bfrhs auy osgchrogonbrhsy gbesbchnbrhs phrh hquoccbs quo mhe porndnb soros

quordnbs oe ndvorsbs abaoetbs no ch vdnh%Zbr detoraondb no ndvorsbs aänduas quo hpbyhrbech chfbr no Hcche Lhrnog# oe ch gbndghgd÷e ospdrdtdsth# y#aès thrno# pbr btrbs# gbab Tvbeeo Zorodrh# IrhegdsgbGhendnb ]hvdor# Ndvhcnb Irhegb# Vhûc ôdxodrh# gdthenb the sbchaoeto hcùebs# cbs Ospárdtus guostdbehnbs hgorghno n÷eno vdvoe# hrahe quo puonoe osthr pbr hmá sdecu`hr ed nostdeb gdortbs% Btrbs ostèe oe sdtdbs no nbcbr y surdadoetb# no gbebradnhn gbe su gbegdoegdh ccoehno gucphfdcdnhn pbr cbs ahcos quo mdgdorbe gbetrhbtrbs% Zorb mhy hquoccbs quo hrahe vdvdr oe gbcbedhsospdrdtuhcos# hcùehs soaokhetos h euostrhs gdunhnos%

Henrä Cudz# pbr okoapcb# pbr ch psdgb`rháh noGmdgb ]hvdor# nosgrdfo vhrdhs gbcbedhs ospdrdtuhcosy puostbs no sbgbrrb oe nbeno cbs Ospárdtus vdvoe y trhfhkhe% Oso os oc ghsb no Euostrb Mb`hr # ueh gdunhnospdrdtuhc gbe aès no ue adcc÷e no mhfdthetos y uehbr`hedzhgd÷e hnadedstrhtdvh quo pbnráh sor abnocb phrhebsbtrbs% Zorb oc adsab Henrä Cudz ebs prosoeth uehnosgrdpgd÷e nothcchnh no ro`dbeos no augmb nbcbr y surdadoetb% Oe oc cdfrb Cdforhgd÷e# pbr okoapcb# äc mhgorooroegdh h ueh gdunhn# oe chs tdedofchs# `bforehnhpbr Ospárdtus porvorsbs quo ahctrhthe h btrbs quo sosdoetoe gucphfcos nospuäs no ch auorto noc guorpb% OeBfrorbs no ch Ydnh Otoreh# oso adsab Ospárdtu ro`dstrh choxdstoegdh no ueh gbcbedh trhesdtbrdh quo so nostdeh hhuxdcdhr h Ospárdtus quo so hrropdoetoe no sus orrbros oechs ro`dbeos no surdadoetb%

Ghdrfhr Wgmutoc# yh Ospárdtu# pbr psdgb`rháh no Hfoc@chsor# mhfch no ch gbcbedh Hcfbrhnh Euovh quo osthráhsdtuhnh oe ueh ro`d÷e aès ocovhnh quo Euostrb Mb`hr%Occh thafdäe os aoegdbehnh pbr Henrä Cudz%

Moraheb Khgbfb# oe Ybcvá # nosgrdfo phrgdhcaoeto oc

sdtdb hn÷eno co ccovhe nospuäs no su auorto% Os uehgbcbedh auy fdoe br`hedzhnh gbe hgtdvdnhnos y mb`hrosphrh tbnbs cbs mhfdthetos%

^hafdäe Aheboc Zmdcbaoeb no Adrhenh# pbr chpsdgb`rhh no Ndvhcnb Irhegb# oe ch bfrh Woxb y bfsosd÷e#nosgrdfo ueh Gdunhn Zorvorsh# nbeno oc guctb hc soxb osutdcdzhnb no aheorh oeoradzh y nosoqudcdfrhnh%

Mhy qudoeos ebs proùethe sd cbs Ospárdtus eb mhemogmb khaès rooroegdhs h gbcbedhs sdtuhnhs oe ro`dbeosospdrdtuhcos no Ourbph% Henrä Cudz aoegdbeh# oe EuostrbMb`hr # oc detorghafdb quo oxdsto oetro cbs Ospárdtus no

cbs ndvorsbs gbetdeoetos y g÷ab chs gbcbedhs no Haärdghmhe huxdcdhnb h cbs Ospárdtus no Ourbph oe oc porábnb noch Woùenh @uorrh Auendhc% Äc mhfch noc gcdah ospdrdtuhcauy noesb quo oevbcváh h Ourbph oe hquoc oetbegos

y quo chs gbcbedhs ospdrdtuhcos no ch ro`d÷e eb toeáhegbendgdbeos no rohcdzhr tbnb oc huxdcdb quo orh eogoshrdb

heto ch `rhe ghetdnhn no Ospárdtus quo cco`hfhe hccá pbr chnosoeghrehgd÷e prbvbghnh pbr ch @uorrh%

Ydsdthenb ndvorsbs phásos no Ourbph# moabs toednbaès no ueh oxpordoegdh aondûaedgh quo ebs brthcogooe ch gbevdggd÷e no quo mhy augmhs gbcbedhs ospdrdtuhcosoe oso gbetdeoeto% _eh voz# vdsdthenb @hcdgdh# sufdabspbr ue ghadeb phrh cco`hr mhsth ueh d`cosdh quo hccá oxdsto nosno mhgo augmb tdoapb% Oe gdortb abaoetbnoc ghadeb# porgdfdabs ueh vdfrhgd÷e noc hafdoetondoroeto y auy ocovhnh% Guhenb cco`habs hccè hrrdfh#eb moabs porgdfdnb edeùeh oeor`áh ospogdhc oe chd`cosdh% Hc vbcvor pbr oc adsab ghadeb# hc cco`hr hc adsabsdtdb no hetos# porgdfdabs ch adsah oeor`áh pbsdtdvh%

Nogdndabs shcdr noc ghadeb y soùdr oetro ahtbrrhcosoe ch ndroggd÷e mhgdh nbeno porgdfáhabs quo voeáh chvdfrhgd÷e pbsdtdvh% _e pbgb aès hnocheto# oegbetrhabsue rostb no abeuaoetb nrudnh gbe hcùebs gárgucbs

no pdonrh# gbab sd uorh ue toapcb prophrhnb oe chehturhcozh% Hccá porgdfdabs oc abvdadoetb no dr y voedr noaugmbs Ospárdtus# gbab sd hquoccb uorh ueh ospogdo nopbrthc phrh oetrhr y shcdr pbr ue ghadeb quo gbenugo hro`dbeos supordbros noc pcheb ospdrdtuhc# prbfhfcoaoetohcùeh gbcbedh ospdrdtuhc oe nbeno occbs mhfdthe%

Os detorosheto quo# vdsdthenb ch Ghtonrhc no ^bconb#oe oc gbrb# soetdabs oso adsab tdpb no oeor`áh y moabs pbndnb prosoegdhr ch cco`hnh y shcdnh no Ospárdtus#pbsdfcoaoeto thafdäe prbvoedoetos no hcùeh gbcbedhospdrdtuhc%

Zhrh oc quo toe`h phgdoegdh oe fusghr rooroegdhssbfro chs gbcbedhs ospdrdtuhcos oe cbs cdfrbs psdgb`rhhnbs#pbnrè oegbetrhr thetb cu`hros fuoebs nbeno vdvoeOspárdtus detoroshnbs oe oc fdoe no ch gbcogtdvdnhn# gbabcu`hros mbrrdfcos# nbeno vdvoe Ospárdtus porturfhnbs y nosoqudcdfrhnbs%

Mhgdh n÷eno vh ghnh ueb no ebsbtrbs# nopoenosdoapro no g÷ab osthabs vdvdoenb ch vdnh mby% Oc sdtdbno euostrb nostdeb nospuäs no ch auorto noc guorpbos noednb oe fhso h chs hednhnos ospdrdtuhcos quoguctdvhabs% Wd ahetoeoabs sdetbeáh gbe oc fdoe# soùrbquo ebs osporhrèe Ospárdtus fuoebs y h`rhnogdnbsquo ebs gbenugdrèe h cu`hros h`rhnhfcos oe nbeno toenroabs augmh shtdshggd÷e oe vdvdr%

Mhgdh n÷eno vh ghnh ueb noebsbtrbs# nopoeno sdoapro no g÷abosthabs vdvdoenb ch vdnh mby



8> Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

ZWDGBCB@ÁH OEOC AÈW HCCÈ

Zhrh hcùehs porsbehs# ch dnoh no ueh –psdgbcb`áh oe ocaès hccè‑ puono phrogor ndágdc no hgopthr b no gbaproenor%Os deeogoshrdb nogdr quo phrh oc quo eb groo oe ehnh aèsquo oe ch ahtordh y pdoesh quo gbe ch auorto noc guorpbásdgb so oxtdeùo ch oxdstoegdh# ueh psdgbcb`áh hc btrb chnbno ch tuafh eb os aès quo ueh hethsáh% Wde oafhr`b# thapbgb ostè noc tbnb gchrb quä puono brogor ueh torhpdh psdgbc÷`dgh oe oc pcheb ospdrdtuhc oetro hquoccbsquo shfoabs quo sbabs soros ospdrdtuhcos deabrthcos oe trhesdtbrdh oxpordoegdh gbrp÷roh% Ostb sugono pbrquo ebnokh no osthr oxtoendnh ueh porgopgd÷e ue pbgb aè`dghnoc abaoetb no ch auorto% Wbe augmbs cbs quo dèbrhequo mhgor fhchego no cb vdvdnb oe ch ûctdah oeghrehgd÷epuono cco`hr h sor ueh throh auy ndágdc y poebsh# huequoosoegdhc% Ch gbaproesd÷e no ch vdnh oe oc pcheb ospdrdtuhc

y ch pchedghgd÷e no uturhs oxdstoegdhs ostèe áetdahaoetorochgdbehnhs gbe ch ghphgdnhn noc nosoeghrehnb no sbposhr sus rogdoetos cb`rbs y rhghsbs gbe sdegordnhn y soroednhn#hrabedzèenbcbs gbe cbs hrgmdvbs noc degbesgdoeto hûedehggosdfcos hc nosoeghrehnb oe cbs prdaorbs abaoetbsnoc ro`rosb h ch phtrdh ospdrdtuhc%

@rhgdhs h ch psdgb`rháh# mby gbebgoabs rochtbsquo ebs oxpbeoe g÷ab cbs ospárdtus nosoeghrehnbssbe haphrhnbs psdgbc÷`dghaoeto oe oc pcheb ospdrdtuhc%Vogdfoe hsá oc huxdcdb torhpäutdgb eogoshrdb phrh quopuonhe gbaproenor ch euovh othph no vdnh quo so rovochheto sus bkbs trhs ch auorto ásdgh% Eb mhy quo sufostdahr oc gmbquo quo puono supbeor phrh ueh porsbeh quo ebgroáh oe ehnh aès quo oe ch ahtordh# quo nospdorto hc btrbchnb no ch vdnh# mhfdoenb nokhnb htrès tbnb guhetb poeshfh

sor cb ûedgb quo pbsoáh% ^hapbgb mhy quo derhvhcbrhr oc deaoesb noshaphrb oabgdbehc quo oxpordaoethehcùebs ospárdtus quo# groyoenb shforcb tbnb sbfro ch vdnhospdrdtuhc guhenb ostèe oeghrehnbs# so oeguoetrhe hcùehs

vogos gbab edøbs quo nofoe rohproenor theths gbshs%^bnb ostb# sde aoegdbehr ch heùstdh quo puono prbvbghr ch sophrhgd÷e no ch hadcdh b ch nogopgd÷e quo rosucth noch gbesththgd÷e no quo cbs aärdtbs gbequdsthnbs oe ch^dorrh# sd eb ostèe hvhchnbs pbr ueh gbenugth ätdgh# abrhcy muaheh# eb tdoeoe ede`ûe vhcbr oe oc aès hccè%

Ch vornhn os quo ch auorto ebs novuocvo h ch rohcdnhngrohnh y hcdaoethnh pbr euostrh prbpdh gbegdoegdh nurhetoeuostrh kbrehnh oe ch ^dorrh% Nospbkhrso noc guorpbásdgb eb dapcdgh ue gbebgdadoetb deaondhtb no chs vdnhsphshnhs noc ospárdtu# ed thapbgb ueh ghphgdnhn no hutb!heècdsds sdegorh y rohcdsth% Zuostb no btrh aheorh# oc phsbpbr ch ghreo nokh roadedsgoegdhs oe oc pordospárdtu quo ebso ocdadehe the ègdcaoeto gbe ch auorto% Guhetb aèshpo`hnbs osthabs# aès hyunh eogosdthabs phrh ocdadehr

cbs ro`dstrbs hsbgdhnbs hc brùccb# h ch vhednhn y hc o`básab%Nosoeghrehnb# oc mbafro nofo vorso roeto h roeto gbesu prbpdh vornhn% Zorb ehndo puono vor ch vornhn adoetrhs toe`h ch vdsd÷e oesbafrogdnh pbr oc brùccb# oc o`básabb ch vhednhn% Zrogdshaoeto pbr ostb# oe ch gbendgd÷eovbcutdvh oe ch quo ebs oegbetrhabs oe ch ^dorrh# os auy rhrb quo ue nosoeghrehnb so hguorno hutbaètdghaoetono tbnb guhetb vdvd÷ oe btrhs oeghrehgdbeos% Oc hggosbsde rostrdggdbeos h ch debrahgd÷e hrgmdvhnh oe oc prbpdbospárdtu sbfro ch mdstbrdh ovbcutdvh no ghnh ueb os the rhrbgbab cb sbe ch hutäetdgh muadcnhn y oc hctrudsab co`átdaboe euostrb pcheoth%

Oc mbafro oeghrehnb os no ueh trdpco ehturhcozh;guorpb# pordospárdtu y ospárdtu% Nurheto su kbrehnh ásdgh tbnb cb quo mhgo# pdoesh y sdoeto quonh ro`dstrhnb oe tbnhs chs zbehs no su sor# quo sbe detornopoendoetos% Wopbnráh nogdr quo oc bfkotdvb no ch psdgbcb`áh oe oc aès hccèos hyunhr hc mbafro h oeroethrso h su euovh sdtuhgd÷e#oe ch quo yh eb pbsoo ue guorpb ásdgb# sdeb quo vdvoso`ûe ch gbsogmh no cb quo mhyh guctdvhnb nurheto suphsb pbr ch ghreo% Eb so protoeno quo oc nosoeghrehnbsuporo daporoggdbeos gbab oc brùccb# oc o`básab y chvhednhn# throh quo co gbrrospbeno oe oc trhesgursb no

su deabrthcdnhn% Wo trhth# sde oafhr`b# no brogor hc sor sdtuhgdbeos oe chs quo# hehcdzhenb su prbpdh gbendgd÷e# ghnhueb soh ghphz no ronugdr su brùccb# vhednhn y o`básabhpoehs cb sugdoeto phrh gbaproenor oc prosoeto#

Nbgtbrh oe Cde`óástdgh Hpcdghnh y prbosbrh no MhfdcdnhnosGbauedghtdvhs oe ch _edvorsdnhn Vbvdrh d Ydr`dcd% Gbchfbrh oe cbsprbyogtbs no hsdstoegdh sbgdhc y ndvuc`hgd÷e noc Goetrb Ospárdth

Hahcdh Nbade`b Wbcor no Fhrgocbeh% Khehdeh Adeoccd no Bcdvodrh

Guhetb aès hpo`hnbs osthabs# aèshyunh eogosdthabs phrh ocdadehr cbs

ro`dstrbs hsbgdhnbs hc brùccb# h ch

vhednhn y hc o`básab



8?Eûaorb; > • Ondgd÷e Woptdoafro

oapozhr h hrabedzhr oc phshnb oe su uorb detoreb y pbsdfdcdthr ch ochfbrhgd÷e no pcheos aès rohcdsths y ûtdcosphrh oc uturb%

Ch htoegd÷e psdgbc÷`dgh oe oc aès hccè so bguphuenhaoethcaoeto no ch nocdghnh throh no hyunhr h cbsrogdäe cco`hnbs no ch kbrehnh ásdgh h gbaproenor pbr

quä ostèe nbeno ostèe% Os dapbrtheto bfsorvhr quo phrhhggonor h osto tdpb no trhthadoetb oc ospárdtu nofo osthr oe pbsosd÷e no sus hgucthnos aoethcos# huequo so sdoethhturndnb b trhthnb dekusthaoeto% Zhrh cbs ospárdtus quonosoeghrehe oe poebshs gbendgdbeos no degbesgdoegdhy nosoqudcdfrdb aoethc y oabgdbehc mhy quo brogorcos#hetos no ch htoegd÷e psdgbc÷`dgh# cbs sorvdgdbs no prdaorbshuxdcdbs% Wbchaoeto ueh voz quo oc ospárdtu yh so oeguoetrhoe pbsosd÷e no sus hgucthnos aoethcos pbnrè bftoeor ocnofdnb prbvogmb no chs sosdbeos psdgbc÷`dghs quo co sorèebrogdnhs%

Ch cdtorhturh aondûaedgh ebs mh brogdnb rochtbsoe cbs quo quonh ovdnoeto quo oc hpo`b os ueb no cbsprdegdphcos bfstègucbs hc quo ebs oeroethabs oe chgbendgd÷e no rogdäe nosoeghrehnbs% Zbnoabs soetdr

ndoroetos edvocos y ndoroetos tdpbs no hpo`b% Zbr okoapcb#pbnoabs soetdr hpo`b h chs gbendgdbeos trhesdtbrdhs no chvdnh no oeghrehnbs# ogmhenb oe hcth cbs fdoeos ahtordhcosb ch gbendgd÷e no supordbrdnhn quo oc pbnor b cbs rogursbsogbe÷adgbs ebs gbegonáhe oe ch ^dorrh% Osth brah nohpo`b ostè ndrogthaoeto rochgdbehnh gbe ch vhednhn y oc

nosoeghrehnb nofo gbaproenor quo oe ch euovh rohcdnhnoe ch quo mh poeotrhnb# trhs su auorto ásdgh# oc ûedgb vhcbr os oc fdoe quo mhyh mogmb b oc osuorzb no onughgd÷e quomhyh rohcdzhnb%

Btrh brah no hpo`b os oc quo soetdabs pbr chsporsbehs quo quonhe htrès# gbab hadcdhros# g÷eyu`osy had`bs% Zoso h quo cb quo dedgdhcaoeto hedah ndgmbhogtb soh ue soetdadoetb pbsdtdvb# oc hpo`b h cbschzbs osthfcogdnbs oe ch ^dorrh puono ndgucthr quo ocnosoeghrehnb so goetro oe cb quo os su euovh throh;hrabedzhrso gbe su phshnb# gbaproenor su euovhsdtuhgd÷e y oapozhr h ghadehr mhgdh hnocheto% Oc o`básabos ch oabgd÷e nosoqudcdfrheto quo brogo oc trhsbenb noosto tdpb no hpo`b# soh pbrquo nosohabs hrndoetoaoetovbcvor h ndsruthr no ch gbaphøáh no cbs quo hahabs# sohpbrquo ebs grooabs dendspoeshfcos phrh ch vdnh no cbs




euostrbs# bcvdnhenb quo oe cbs pcheos no ch OspdrdtuhcdnhnWupordbr eb oxdsto osphgdb phrh daprbvdshgdbeos% Zbnoabshnoaès oxpordaoethr oc hpo`b h ue soetdadoetb nosupordbrdnhn ospdrdtuhc b hutb!dcuadehgd÷e% Zorsbehs quo#guhenb osthfhe oeghrehnhs# nosoapoøhfhe pbsdgdbeos nobrdoethgd÷e ospdrdtuhc# puonoe oxpordaoethr oc hpo`b pbr

chs dnohs quo nooendorbe oe oc ghapb rocd`dbsb b cbs÷gbhc quo osthfhe hcdhnhs% Ästbs eogosdthe mhgor `rhenososuorzbs phrh suporhr oc brùccb pbr su gbebgdadoetb noch rohcdnhn ospdrdtuhc b pbr ch ocovhgd÷e abrhc quo grooe toeor%

Ch psdgbcb`áh noc aès hccè ostè uenhnh oe oc trhthnbpsdgbc÷`dgb aès soegdccb y sufcdao noc quo so tdoeogbebgdadoetb oe ch dorrh# oc Ovheòcdb no Kosûs% ²Oe quä so

fhsh osth torhpdh2 Oc Aändgb no Hcahs brogáh debrahgd÷e hsus ndsgápucbs oe ch aondnh no su ghphgdnhn no gbaproesd÷eno chs gbshs noc gdocb y no ch tdorrh< thafdäe ndhcb`hfh gbeoccbs# cos mhgáh proùeths# noshèenbcos h poeshr sbfro ocsdèdghnb no sus phrèfbchs< Kosûs eb ospor÷ mhsth quosus ndsgápucbs uorhe abrhc b detocogtuhcaoeto porogtbs

phrh oevdhrcos h nduendr su phchfrh% Zbr oc gbetrhrdb# ocAhostrb gbesdnor÷ quo oc prbpdb trhfhkb ondgheto#hcdhnb h cb quo mhfáhe osgugmhnb no äc# cos oesoøhráh hsuporhr sus cáadtos y grogor ospdrdtuhcaoeto% Mhy ndvorsbsokoapcbs oe ch cdtorhturh aondûaedgh quo ebs noauostrheg÷ab ostbs prdegdpdbs sbe hpcdghnbs no brah sdstoaètdghoe ch ospdrdtuhcdnhn phrh hyunhr h cbs nosoeghrehnbs hoeroethrso hc brùccb# ch vhednhn y hc o`básab noc quocco`he daproèhnbs h ch phtrdh ospdrdtuhc%

Oe Euostrb Mb`hr # Henrä Cudz ebs guoeth# pbr chsahebs noc debcvdnhfco Gmdgb ]hvdor# g÷ab trhs rogdfdr cbs prdaorbs huxdcdbs y soetdrso aès uorto# co devhnd÷ ue`rhe nosob no gbchfbrhr gbe cbs noaès% Wu brùccb noch gbendgd÷e no aändgb oe ch ^dorrh# sde oafhr`b# co mdzbgroor quo sus gbebgdadoetbs soráhe ûtdcos oe ch gbcbedh

Kosûs eb ospor÷ mhsth quo susndsgápucbs uorhe abrhc b

detocogtuhcaoeto porogtbs phrhoevdhrcos h nduendr su phchfrh




ospdrdtuhc quo co hgb`dorh% Euostrb quordnb had`b tuvbquo oapozhr gbchfbrhenb oe ch cdapdozh no ch oeoraoráh#

trhfhkb quo# mhsth oetbegos# mhfáh gbesdnorhnb deordbr%

Nurheto ch rohcdzhgd÷e no osth throh# phs÷ h bfsorvhr hcbs phgdoetos hccá de`roshnbs% Hfhenbehenb ch aèsghrhnoc aändgb no ch ^dorrh quo s÷cb voáh h phgdoetos# phs÷h vor morahebs no surdadoetb% Nurheto su trhfhkb oech oeoraoráh# adoetrhs mhgáh throhs quo euegh mhfáhrohcdzhnb oe su ûctdah oeghrehgd÷e# Henrä Cudz hproend÷h hahr oc sorvdgdb y h sorvdr gbe muadcnhn% Ch brahgbab gbesdùo hutbrdzhgd÷e phrh ch throh thapbgb nofosor bcvdnhnh% Henrä Cudz sbcdgdth ueh gdth gbe Gchroegdb#Adedstrb noc Huxdcdb# y so nh guoeth quo oc mbebrhfcofdoemogmbr rogdfo h cbs quo co vdoeoe h gbesucthr no nbsoe nbs% No osth aheorh# ghnh ueb no cbs oetrovdsthnbs

eb s÷cb tdoeo quo suporhr ch vor`óoezh no oxpbeor su ghsb heto btrh porsbeh# sdeb quo thafdäe tdoeo chbpbrtuednhn no hproenor no chs ocugdnhgdbeos rogdfdnhspbr su gbaphøorb no gdth%

Oe Aoabrdhs no ue Wudgdnh# psdgb`rhhnb pbr Dvbeeonb Hahrhc Zorodrh# voabs g÷ab chs chfbros onughtdvhsso oetroaozgche gbe ch rovdsd÷e noc phshnb nocdgtubsbno cbs ospárdtus –hprdsdbehnbs‑ oe ch ^brro% Hccá# ospárdtus#hetos grdadehcos oe ch dorrh b oe ch ospdrdtuhcdnhn# rogdfoecoggdbeos sbfro cbs norogmbs no ghnh dendvdnub oe chsbgdonhn torroeh y oe ch ospdrdtuhc% Cbs rogcusbs vdvoe oe

poquoøbs rogdetbs phrh ostundb y rosdnoegdh# rogdfdoenbhapcdhs bpbrtuednhnos no roioxd÷e% Gbebgoabshnoaès ueh ospogdo no `hfdeoto no oebaoebcb`áh

trhesgoenoethc nbeno ue gbapcokb oqudpb# guybahèotdsab okorgo ch deiuoegdh no ue daèe# pbsdfdcdthch vdsd÷e no cbs poeshadoetbs y hggdbeos phshnhs no cbssukotbs devostd`hnbs% Zhrh ch roonughgd÷e no cbs ospárdtusdèbrhetos o deordbros# ndgmh gchso no hphrhtbs os auy ûtdc o dendspoeshfco% Ostb sugono pbrquo poso h rogdfdr chs destruggdbeos aès ocovhnhs# augmbs sdùoe go`hnbspbr oc brùccb% Ästo sbbgh chs gbegcusdbeos c÷`dghs nocrhzbehadoetb# quo prooro prosoethr quokhs y btrbs

hrùaoetbs phrh kustdghr chs hcths% Zoso h quo detoetoabsosqudvhr euostrhs rospbeshfdcdnhnos pbr adonb hcuturb prophrhnb pbr euostrhs hgtdtunos noc phshnb# ch

ospdrdtuhcdnhn ndspbeo no aätbnbs the oeor`ätdgbs gbabeuostrh rosdstoegdh oe hsuadr euostrbs gbaprbadsbs%

Eb pbnráh toradehr osth gbchfbrhgd÷e sde rogbrnhr

hc Mbspdthc Osporhezh# quo gbebgoabs oe oc cdfrb Cdrdbsno Osporhezh# psdgb`rhhnb pbr Phenorcoy no Bcdvodrh y

ndgthnb pbr oc ospárdtu Orahego Nuhux% Oc bfkotdvb nondgmh destdtugd÷e orùdnh oe ch psdgbsorh frhsdcoøh# osbrogor sbgbrrb y brdoethgd÷e h cbs soùdnbros no Grdstbno ndstdeths trhndgdbeos cbs÷ghs y rocd`dbshs# quo ebsupdorbe b eb qudsdorbe hsuadr oc gbaprbadsb gbe suaoeshko no habr% Xudzè sbrproenh hc cogtbr shfor quo oeosto mbspdthc oxdsto ue èroh# noebadehnh Kunhs Osghrdbtos#nondghnh ospogdhcaoeto h ch roguporhgd÷e aoethc nocánoros ospdrdtdsths quo hehcdzhrbe gbe `rhe htoegd÷e chseogosdnhnos no cbs noaès# porb so bcvdnhrbe no su prbpdhcdforhgd÷e% Cbs quo de`roshe hccá oetdoenoe oc aoeshko no Kosûs y noc Ospdrdtdsab pbr chs váhs no ch rhz÷e# porb sbehndgtbs h ch hnadrhgd÷e y h ch ebtbrdonhn# hûe prdegdpdhetosoe oc habr nosdetoroshnb y rhtoreb%

Oe gbegcusd÷e# nofoabs gbaproenor quo oc mbafronosoeghrehnb os sdapcoaoeto oc mbafro nosprbvdstb

no su guorpb ásdgb% Guhenb vbcvoabs h ch ospdrdtuhcdnhnccovhabs gbe ebsbtrbs tbnb oc prb`rosb abrhc quomhyhabs rohcdzhnb# porb bfvdhaoeto thafdäe ghr`habsgbe tbnhs euostrhs daporoggdbeos% Äsths sdùoe pbedoenb trhfhs h euostrb prb`rosb oe ch ospdrdtuhcdnhn# hsá gbabcb mhgáhe oe ch ghreo% @rhgdhs h ch adsordgbrndh ndvdeh y h ch tbcorhegdh y nondghgd÷e no ch Ospdrdtuhcdnhn Wupordbr#oc mbafro eb osthrè khaès noshaphrhnb oe guhcqudorhquo soh oc pcheb oe oc quo so oeguoetro% Cbs aätbnbsy oqudpbs utdcdzhnbs pbr cbs trhfhkhnbros no ch psdgbcb`áhnoc aès hccè cb noauostrhe% Noabs `rhgdhs h Ndbs y h cbshad`bs y aoetbros quo# poso h euostrhs daporoggdbeos#

ebs sdùoe brogdoenb ch bpbrtuednhn no hrabedzhrebsgbe oc phshnb# gbaproenor oc prosoeto y gbestrudr ueuturb no aès cuz phrh tbnh ch muahednhn%

Hfhenbehenb ch aèsghrh noc aändgbno ch ^dorrh quo s÷cb voáh h phgdoetos#phs÷ h vor morahebs no surdadoetb



8= Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

OWZÁVD^_W OVVHEÔW

Ch gbaproesd÷e no ch rohcdnhn noc Ospárdtu gbab sor otoreb# phsh h sor prdbrdthrdh oe ch vdnh hgtuhc# sd oc nosobos `hrhetdzhr ue pbrvoedr ocdz# yh quo chs dnohs noc mbafroostèe oe rochgd÷e gbe su shfor%

²Xuä oedàhs bgucthrè rohcaoeto ch auorto2 ²quäsoroabs nosno oc destheto oe quo oc guorpb yh eb pbsohvdnh2 H hcùebs cos puono hid`dr poeshr oe quä cos vh hbgurrdr guhenb auorhe# sd osthrèe sbcbs b hgbaphøhnbs# sdsurdrèe b sorèe ndgmbsbs%

Oe rohcdnhn# oc oetoendadoetb noc nostdeb noc mbafroos uenhaoethc phrh ue oghz noshrrbccb no ch vdnh#pbrquo eb fhsth gbe shfor quo soùdroabs vdvbs# sdeb quoos eogoshrdb gbestrudr gbe chs hggdbeos y poeshadoetbsnurheto ch vdnh ue osthnb quo hrhetdgo ue uturb voeturbsb%Ch auorto eb os aès quo ueh trhesbrahgd÷e ehturhc# os choxtdegd÷e no ch vdnh br`èedgh% Oc Ospdrdtdsab ocugdnh# oetrobtrhs `rhenos vornhnos# quo oc Ospárdtu sdùo vdvb sdoapro#ocdadehenb cbs adstordbs y chs deg÷èdths sbfro ch auorto%

Os auy dapbrtheto gbaproenor osh guostd÷e# pbrquonosghrth hfsbcuthaoeto ch auorto gbab oc ehc phrh ocsor# mhgdoenb vor quo oe rohcdnhn eb mhy ueh noshphrdgd÷emhgdh ch ehnh# ch oetrhnh oe ue suoøb prbuenb pbr tdoapb denotoradehnb b degcusb ch poraheoegdh oe ueosthnb no phrhásb b deoreb otorebs# sdeb quo hgchrh quosdapcoaoeto nokhabs no osthr hprdsdbehnbs oe ch ahtordh#sukotbs h chs fhrrorhs y cdadthgdbeos ásdghs phrh vbcvor hcauenb daporogonorb% Os oc täradeb no ueh othph y oc dedgdb

no btrh# oe ch guhc cb quo so nokh htrès os oc guorpb ásdgbquo so nosgbapbenrè phuchtdehaoeto# adoetrhs oc Ospárdtudeabrthc sdùo# gbesgdoeto# hgtuheto# hfsbcuthaoeto vdvb y vdfrheto nospuäs no oso trèesdtb%

Oc trdpco hspogtb no ch Nbgtrdeh Ospárdth osgchrogohgorgh noc brdòe# ch ehturhcozh y nostdeb no cbs Ospárdtus#noabstrhenb sde nunh quo sbe chs hgtdtunos y soetdadoetbsnurheto ch vdnh ásdgh cbs quo mhgoe ch rhe ndoroegdh oe ocosthnb ndgmbsb b nosndgmhnb quo oegbetrhrè oc hcah oeoc auenb ospdrdtuhc% Ebs oesoøh quo oso phshko phrh ocauenb rohc puono sor rèpdnb# ègdc# nucgo y sde surdadoetbb# pbr oc gbetrhrdb# chfbrdbsb# coetb# hrnub y nbcbrbsb# hsá gbab chs daprosdbeos pbstrorhs% ²Xuä gbendgdbehrè quophso oc Ospárdtu pbr ueh u btrh soeshgd÷e# quo su vdnh oeoc auenb ospdrdtuhc soh h`rhnhfco b poebsh2 Ch gbendgd÷enotoradeheto noc osthnb oe quo so oeguoetro oc Ospárdtuos drroaondhfcoaoeto hgbrno gbe oc edvoc no ocovhgd÷eabrhc hnqudrdnh pbr äc%

Eb bcvdnoabs hc`b auy dapbrtheto# voedabs nocauenb ospdrdtuhc# oso os oc pcheb rohc# vornhnorb# mb`hr

ehturhc noc Ospárdtu% oeoabs hc ehgor ueh bpbrtuednhn nonoshrrbccb nurheto ch euovh vdnh oe ch ^dorrh quo os uehospogdo no osguoch!thccor phrh quo oc Ospárdtu oxpordaoetoy noshrrbcco su prb`rosb% Cuo`b# phshnb oc tdoapb quoghnh ueb eogosdto# oc sor rotbreh h ch gbauednhn ospdrdtuhc#hafdoeto òeudeb noc Ospárdtu%

Osto prbgosb so ropdto deeuaorhfcos vogos# thc gbabostè osgrdtb oe oc nbcaoe noc desdèo gbndghnbr HccheLhrnog# –Ehgor# roehgor# prb`roshr sdoapro# thc os ch coy‑%^bnbs cbs Ospárdtus quo so oeguoetrhe oe oso auenbahybr b ospdrdtuhc# eogosdthnbs no vbcvor h oeghrehr

phrh noshrrbcchr sus hptdtunos y hgucthnos# sbe cchahnbsOspárdtus orrhetos%

Eb bfstheto# osh gbendgd÷e eb os ue sdèb nodeordbrdnhn# puos mhy Ospárdtus orrhetos no tbnbs cbs

Ostundbsh no ch nbgtrdeh ospárdth# so nondgh detoeshaoeto hch ndvuc`hgd÷e ospárdth oe aondbs osgrdtbs# rhndb o Detoreot%Gbeoroegdheto y gbchfbrhnbrh no ch Hsbgdhgd÷e Frhsdcoøh noNdvuc`hnbros noc Ospdrdtdsab -HFVHNO$

Gcèundh Forehrnosno Ghrvhcmb




`rhnbs no ovbcugd÷e% Wo`ûe oc osthnb# so puono gchsdghr

cbs ospárdtus oe; oeghrehnbs# guhenb ostèe uednbs hcguorpb ásdgb< orrhetos# guhenb ostèe nosproendnbs nocguorpb ásdgb hùhrnhenb ueh euovh rooeghrehgd÷e< y purbs# cbs quo pbr mhfor hcghezhnb oc `rhnb aèxdab noporoggd÷e ostèe oxoetbs no ch eogosdnhn dapordbsh nophshr pbr chs vdgdsdtunos no ch ahtordh%

Os nosthghfco aoegdbehr quo oc Ospárdtu ahetdoeosdoapro su dendvdnuhcdnhn# hetos# nurheto y nospuäs noch oeghrehgd÷e< ch oxpordoegdh oe ch ghreo s÷cb os uehhso ospogdhc no su oxdstoegdh# ue porábnb no hproendzhko%²Guèetb tdoapb poraheogorè# oetbegos# oc Ospárdtuoe ch orrhtdgdnhn2 Oc pordbnb no osporh oe oc auenb

ospdrdtuhc os no ueh nurhgd÷e aès b aoebs prbcbe`hnh#gbendgdbehnh h ch ovbcugd÷e noc Ospárdtu% Ebrahcaoeto osäc qudoe notoradeh oso tdoapb# sde oafhr`b# deiuyoe btrbshgtbros gbendgdbehetos# gbab oc oqudcdfrdb oabgdbehc nocOspárdtu%

Hquoccbs quo yh ostèe aoebs hpo`hnbs h ch ahtordh#quo nurheto ch vdnh fusghrbe nosproenorso no chsphsdbeos gbe sus hggdbeos y poeshadoetbs ndrd`dnbs hc fdoe#puonoe rooeghrehr ghsd deaondhthaoeto# porb ch deaoeshahybráh no cbs Ospárdtus oe ch dorrh hûe eogosdthe no oso

tdoapb no roioxd÷e# trhfhkb y pchedghgd÷e nofdnb h sus

deordbrdnhnos oe rochgd÷e h chs Coyos Ndvdehs%Oe oso porábnb# guhenb oetrovä oc pbrvoedr y

gbaproeno gbe gchrdnhn cb quo co hcth phrh hcghezhr ch ocdgdnhn oe fhso h su cdfro hcfonráb# nogdndrè pbr suvbcuethn quä qudoro phrh sá adsab# yh quo oe ch orrhtdgdnhnoc Ospárdtu thafdäe hproeno# ostundh# nosoh y hspdrh h ueeuovb nostdeb# so hrropdoeto no chs gbshs oqudvbghnhs quomdzb# fusghenb èedab oe euovhs rohcdzhgdbeos# nosobsbno ovbcugdbehr%

^hafdäe puono degcdehrso pbr ahetoeorsoosthgdbehrdb u bpthr pbr poraheogor hgtuhenb oe oc ahc%

¡Oc sor os nuoøb no su nostdeb( Oe ch orrhtdgdnhn# oc Ospárdtuosthrè sukotb hc hafdoeto aoethc grohnb pbr äc adsab#cb quo sdèdgh quo ch aoeto os ch quo co ccovhrè h vdvdr hccu`hr gbrrospbendoeto h su sdetbeáh vdfrhgdbehc%

Oc rosucthnb no euostrhs hggdbeos y soetdadoetbs os

oc ûedgb fh`hko quo ebs ccovhroabs noc auenb ahtordhc hcnosoeghrehr# pbr osb os the dapbrtheto prosthr htoegd÷e%

Ch ahybr b aoebr ndgucthn# ch coetdtun b rhpdnoz nocnosoechgo y chs gbesoguoegdhs oabgdbehcos oe ch vdnhospdrdtuhc# ostèe oe rochgd÷e ndrogth gbe oc osthnb noahtordhcdzhgd÷e noc Ospárdtu%

No ostb rosucth quo oc surdadoetb# aès b aoebsndchthnb oe oc tdoapb# quo hgbaphøh hc Ospárdtu nospuäsno ch auorto# ostä sufbrndehnb h ch hnmoroegdh quo ueooc guorpb hc pordospárdtu# puoeto no cd`hgd÷e no ästo gbe ocOspárdtu# fdoe gbab pbr oc edvoc abrhc hcghezhnb%

Oc osthnb no ocdgdnhn oe oc auenb deahtordhc os# puos#nordvhnb no ch ebfcozh no chs hggdbeos# noc osuorzb oe

nbahr chs ahchs degcdehgdbeos# no cbs prb`rosbs abrhcos#hsá gbab cbs hvhegos rohcdzhnbs oe oc èafdtb detocogtuhc oesu osthegdh oe ch dorrh% Eb hcahgoehr oe cbs soetdadoetbschs phsdbeos deordbros quo hprdsdbehe hc mbafro h ch^dorrh hyunhrè h ue phsb denbcbrb hc auenb ospdrdtuhc y h ueh gbendgd÷e no fdoeosthr pbstordbr# kuetb h had`bs y gbaphøorbs# oe cu`hros no phz y ghcah%

Zbnoabs oegbetrhr ue okoapcb no ueh sdtuhgd÷esdadchr oe ch bfrh no Hcche Lhrnog Oc Gdocb y Oc Deioreb#guhenb oc Ospár dtu noc Wr% Whesbe# adoafrb no ch WbgdonhnOspdrdtdsth no Zhrás# gbebgonbr no chs vornhnos ospdrdtuhcos#hpoehs bgmb mbrhs nospuäs no su nosoeghrehgd÷e# oxpcdgh

oe ueh gbauedghgd÷e gbe oxtrhbrndehrdh cugdnoz quo chgbaproesd÷e no ch gbetdeudnhn no ch vdnh# chs hggdbeos oeoc fdoe y ue gbapbrthadoetb abrhc oe gbesbehegdh gbechs Coyos no Ndbs# hgdcdthe ueh nosoeghrehgd÷e trhequdch%

Oe ch orrhtdgdnhn# oc Ospárdtu osthrèsukotb hc hafdoeto aoethc grohnbpbr äc adsab# cb quo sdèdigh quo chaoeto os ch quo co ccovhrè h vdvdr hccu`hr gbrrospbendoeto h su sdetbeáh

vdfrhgdbehc




Eb bfstheto# oegbetrhabs oe oso adsab cdfrb#deeuaorhfcos okoapcbs no btrbs Ospárdtus quo soahetuvdorbe oe ch pbsturh noc o`básth# oenurogdnbs oesus nosvábs# quo tuvdorbe chs adrhs no ch vdnh ahtordhcgbegoetrhnhs oe oc ndsruto# `bzhenb ch pcoedtun nocbs pchgoros# dendoroetos h chs guostdbeos ospdrdtuhcos#poraheogdoenb hc nosoeghrehr dafudnbs oe sus prbfcoahs#hemocbs y nosobs# sdetdäenbso hdschnbs# hesdbsbs# fhkb

ueh hphroeto deabvdcdnhn# suaor`dnbs oe soeshgdbeosdehcghezhfcos y nosoqudcdfrdbs psdgbc÷`dgbs# mhsth quo thrnob toaprheb roghphgdthe y oeguoetrhe oc nosob sdegorb noghafdhr# abndghenb chs soeshgdbeos nordvhnhs no oshsocoggdbeos%

Nofoabs gbesdnorhr sdoapro# phrh eb kuz`hr# quooc ahc eb oxdsto oe rohcdnhn# cb quo so ahedosth os chhusoegdh toapbrhc noc fdoe oe cbs soetdadoetbs noc sor%

Zhrh osbs Ospárdtus hpo`hnbs h chs gbshs torroehcos susprobguphgdbeos sbe vornhnorhs hidggdbeos# oe hc`uebs ocsurdadoetb augmhs vogos os suporchtdvb# oxpordaoethenbsoeshgdbeos nosh`rhnhfcos# hc`uebs degcusb gbaproenoe y sbe gbesgdoetos no quo so mhcche prdvhnbs no ocdgdnhn pbr su prbpdh ocoggd÷e oe chs hggdbeos no ch vdnh%

Vosoøhabs quo oc tdoapb noc oeghrehnb `hsthnb oech deutdcdnhn# oe ch porozh# oe oc nosèedab# oe oc o`básab#

nokèenbso ccovhr pbr cbs hcsbs phtrbeos no äxdtb no ch^dorrh# ahedosthenb oxprosdbeos heth`÷edghs no chsebfcos guhcdnhnos abrhcos# porkundgh oebraoaoeto hc sor#hprdsdbeèenbcb oe oc surdadoetb%

Wde oafhr`b# osh gbendgd÷e poebsh eb os otoreh# fhsthgbe ue nosob no hrropoetdadoetb vornhnorhaoeto sdegorbphrh quo surkh ch bpbrtuednhn no ghafdb# oe ueh bghsd÷eaès oetro theths frdenhnh pbr ch adsordgbrndh Ndvdeh phrhoc prb`rosb# shghenb hc Ospárdtu no osh sdtuhgd÷e%

Mhy quo toeor oe guoeth y sor gbesgdoeto no quo ocOspárdtu suro pbr; oc ahc quo mhyh mogmb b mhyh ghushnb

vbcuethrdhaoeto# pbr oc fdoe quo mhyh pbndnb mhgor y eb mdzb# hsá gbab pbr oc ahc quo rosucth noc fdoe quo ebprhgtdg÷% ¡Augmh rospbeshfdcdnhn phrh eb prosthr htoegd÷eh osb(

-…$oc ahc eb oxdsto oe rohcdnhn#cb quo so ahediosth os ch

husoegdh toapbrhc noc fdoe oe cbssoetdadoetbs noc sor




Wufrhyhabs ch dapbrthegdh no gbaproenor quooc uturb nopoenorè oe `rhe aondnh no g÷ab so mhyhprbgondnb oe ch ûctdah oeghrehgd÷e# hsá gbab oe chs vdnhshetordbros% ôeoabs quo hprbvogmhr ch bpbrtuednhn nogbrro`dr hgtbs phshnbs aondheto ue gbapbrthadoetbgbrrogtb oe ch vdnh hgtuhc% Ch ndgmh b nosndgmh noc Ospárdtusorè rosuctheto so`ûe cbs aärdtbs# suro sd mh gbesorvhnbphsdbeos b fdoe sorè ocdz sd guapcd÷ gbe cbs gbaprbadsbs

oe rochgd÷e h Ndbs# sdoenb quo oetro ue oxtroab y btrbmhy deeuaorhfcos pbsdfdcdnhnos# gbendgdbehnhs pbr ghnhOspárdtu%

Os dapbrtheto ue fuoe oetoendadoetb no ch eogosdnhnrooeghrehtbrdh phrh oc ogdoeto fuoe noshrrbccb nocOspárdtu% Ndbs brogo deedths bpbrtuednhnos no oeadoenhy gbrroggd÷e h cbs orrbros# gbab ueh váh aès no ch Coy deauthfco no prb`rosb% Cbs Ospárdtus nofoe prb`roshr oe ocbrnoe detocogtb!abrhc# oe ostbs nbs hapcásdabs hspogtbsphrh hcghezhr oc osthnb aèxdab no poroggd÷e# cb quo ebsmhgo rhgdbehcdzhr quo ueh sbch vdnh eb os sugdoeto phrhcb`rhrcb%

Zorb urò shfor quo eb sorè# pbr oc sdapco mogmb nopornor oc guorpb ásdgb# oxgocoeto oe tbnb# deaondhthaoetoahrhvdccbsb# vdrtubsb y porogtb< gbe tbnh soùrdnhn#

eb notoenrè tbnb oc shfor# tbnhs chs guhcdnhnos% Worè ocrosucthnb no sus osuorzbs y no sus ghánhs# ahetoedoenboe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc oc ghrègtor# ch aheorh no sor# gbe cbsnoogtbs y chs vdrtunos hnqudrdnhs%

Oc Ospdrdtdsab ebs nosvoch cb quo bgurro oe oc pchebospdrdtuhc# cb quo ebs osporh aès hccè no ch vdnh# hgchrhenbquo oc gbapbrthadoetb hgtuhc gbeccovh h ueh gbesoguoegdhc÷`dgh oe oc nostdeb uturb% Ch ndvorsdnhn no chs soeshgdbeos

oe oc trèesdtb y oe ch vdnh oe oc auenb deahtordhc# sbedeedtbs# sus gbesoguoegdhs y ahtdgos sorèe ndoroetos#gbebrao chs ocoggdbeos no ghnh Ospárdtu# nurheto ch vdnh%Voioxdbehenb prbuenhaoeto# eb mhy quo soetdr hidggd÷e#sdoapro y guhenb so fusquo guapcdr gbe ch throh novoegorso h ueb adsab%

Ebs hgbesokhe cbs fuoebs Ospárdtus quo oxpcbroabseuostrh gbegdoegdh gbe ch ehcdnhn no nostrudr oe occh chsahchs degcdehgdbeos# mhgdoenb ue fhchego no ch gbenugthabrhc# dapcdgèenbebs oe ch robrah no euostrbs nosvábs#onughenb euostrb sor phrh hcghezhr oe ch vdnh uturh ch

ocdgdnhn gbapcoth%




äradeb utdcdzhnb oe ch nbgtrdeh ospárdth# quo pr bvdoeonoc vbghfcb `rdo`b pord# quo sdèdgh hcrononbr y noc chtáespdrdtus# quo sdèdgh ospárdtu% Cb quo sdèdghráh hcrononbr noc ospárdtu% Mdp÷grhtos cb noebadehfh Ombrabe% Zdtè`brhs#gbab ghreo sutdc noc hcah% Hrdst÷tocos cb gbesdnorhfh gbabguorpb sutdc y otärob% Bráòeos cb dendghfh gbab hurh%

Zhfcb oe Gbrdetdbs D 8?;>> ndgo hsá; «so sdoafrhguorpb ásdgb y so covheth guorpb ospdrdtuhc# sd mhy guorpbásdgb thafdäe cb mhy ospdrdtuhc¼%

Oe ch adsah Opástbch# 8?;?7 «pbrquo ostb quo osgbrruptdfco tdoeo quo vostdrso no degbrrupgd÷e y pbrquoostb quo os abrthc tdoeo quo vostdrso no deabrthcdnhn¼%

Hcche Lhrnog ebs ndgo oe oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus# quomhy tros gbshs quo oxdstoe oe oc mbafro;

! Oc hcah b sor deahtordhc%

! Oc guorpb b sor ahtordhc%! Oc chzb quo ueo oc hcah hc guorpb ásdgb# cchahnbpordospárdtu%

Oe ch proùeth 47 noc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus# proùeth Lhrnog;

‗ «²Oc ospárdtu prbpdhaoeto ndgmb eb tdoeo oevbcturhhcùeh b gbab so protoeno ostè rbnohnb no uehsufsthegdh guhcqudorh2

Oc ospárdtu osth oevuoctb oe ueh susthegdh vhpbrbshphrh td# auy `rbsorh hûe phrh ebsbtrbs# porbsugdoetoaoeto vhpbrbsh sde oafhr`b phrh pbnorsosbstoeor oe ch htabsorh y trhschnhrso hnbeno qudorh%

!²No n÷eno tbah oc ospárdtu ch oevbcturh soadahtordhc2Noc iudnb g÷sadgb uedvorshc no ghnh cbfb y# pbr osthrhz÷e# eb os dùhc oe tbnbs cbs auenbs¼%

Oc pordospárdtu os ch prdaorh y prdegdphc nordvhgd÷e nociudnb g÷sadgb-8$% Os ahtordh sutdcdzhnh y pcèstdgh%

Wo`ûe oc prbosbr @usthvb @ocoy y oc Nr% Kbrò Henroh#cbs ètbabs noc pordospárdtu ostèe brahnbs pbr ocoaoetbs

quáadgbs gbebgdnbs# hnoaès no btrbs nosgbebgdnbs pbr ocmbafro oeghrehnb% Ocoaoetbs no mdnrbòeb y no urhedb#quo oe ch ^dorrh roprosoethe cbs cáadtos no ch ahtordhht÷adgh gbebgdnh%

Oc guorpb pordospdrdtuhc y oc guorpb ásdgb tdoeoebrdòe oe oc adsab ocoaoetb prdadtdvb< hafbs sbeahtordh huequo oe nbs osthnbs ndoroetos% Wu br`hedzhgd÷eos aès vhcdbsh quo ch ásdgh# gbe ueh dapbrthegdh sdbc÷`dghy ue aothfbcdsab prbpdb% Osbs ÷r`hebs tdoeoe uegdbeossoaokhetos h cbs no ch ahtordh# porb eb dùhcos# puos cheutrdgd÷e noc pordospárdtu os auy ndoroeto y gbendgdbehnhhc pcheb ospdrdtuhc quo mhfdth%

Guhetb aès ovbcugdbehnh soh ch oetdnhn ospdrdtuhc#ahybr sorè ch vocbgdnhn gbe quo vdfrhe cbs ètbabsnoc pordospárdtu% No ch adsah brah# gbebrao ochnochethadoetb abrhc noc ospárdtu soh ahybr# ahybr sorè ocosphgdb oetro chs abcäguchs quo gbapbeoe oc pordospárdtu#no hmá ch aoebr noesdnhn no su guorpb ospdrdtuhc%

Cbs ospárdtus cchahnbs h vdvdr oe ue auenb# shgheiudnbs no hquoc phrh brahr su pordospár dtu% Whghrèe no chsphrtos aès noeshs b aès sutdcos noc auenb nbeno vhyhe hoeghrehr# nopoendoenb no su ovbcugd÷e%

Iuegdbeos noc pordospárdtu;

Zorsbehcdzhr o dnoetdghr hc ospárdtu%

Os oc rospbeshfco no ch br`hedzhgd÷e fdbc÷`dgh# ch dnohndrogtrdz%

Vhihoc Hrdhs

Gbaorgdhc% Os adoafrb uenhnbr noc Goetrb Ospárdth Hcche Lhrnogno Aèch`h# nosno mhgo 84 høbs% Mh phrtdgdphnb gbe hcùehspbeoegdhs oe ovoetbs ospdrdths

ZOVDOWZÁVD^_




Zrdegdpdb no chs gbauedghgdbeos aondûaedghs y no cbsoe÷aoebs ospárdths oe òeorhc%

Detoraondhrdb oetro oc ospárdtu y ch ahtordhprbpdhaoeto ndgmh% Th quo oc ospárdtu ndrogthaoeto eb

puono bfrhr sbfro ch ahtordh# os oc oeghr`hnb no pchsahr oe oc guorpb chs ÷rnoeos oadtdnhs pbr oc ospár dtu% Oc ospárdtuahenh# oc pordospárdtu trhesadto y oc guorpb okoguth%

Hrgmdvb no oxpordoegdhs rooeghrehtbrdhs% Chdebrahgd÷e quo ghpth oc pordospárdtu s÷cb oe ueh oxdstoegdhpbnráh bguphr ue èroh hprbxdahnhaoeto no 89%::: la7 gbe chs hgtuhcos tägedghs no adedhturdzhgd÷e gbe quo soochfbrhe cbs brnoehnbros%

Wd eb oxdstdorh oc pordospárdtu# vornhnorb hrgmdvbnbeno so ro`dstrhe tbnhs chs daprosdbeos# sd uoso s÷cb ocsdstoah eorvdbsb oc cu`hr nbeno quonhe oshs daprosdbeos`rhfhnhs# guhenb ch susthegdh quo brah oc tokdnb eorvdbsbso roebvhso# so pornoráh gbe ch sustdtugd÷e%

Cbs sbvdätdgbs gbaprbfhrbe oe ch _edvorsdnhn noHcah Hth# Lhzhkstèe# gbab so rotdrhfh tbthcaoeto oc guorpbfdbpchsaètdgb nospuäs no ch auorto ásdgh y oapcohrbe ocnotogtbr no pucshgdbeos fdbc÷`dghs phrh gbaprbfhr quo sooegbetrhfh gorgh noc guorpb%

Zrbpdonhnos;

Oxphesdfdcdnhn y ioxdfdcdnhn; Zbr su ehturhcozhsoadahtordhc-6$# oc pordospárdtu os ioxdfco y oxphesdfco%Gbestdtudnb gbe fhsos oe prdegdpdb quáadghs soaokhetosoe sus prbpdonhnos hc mdnr÷òeb# oxprosèenbso oe

abcäguchs rochtdvhaoeto ndsthegdhnhs pbr oc poeshadoetb#puono oxphendr# gbetrhor y abndghr su hphrdoegdh% Zuononhr oe÷aoebs no nosnbfchadoetb# oahegdphgd÷e y fdgbrpbrdonhn%

Oc ospárdtu eb so oeguoetrh oegorrhnb oe cbs cáadtosnoc guorpb% Zbr su ehturhcozh iuándgh y oxphesdfco drrhndh

mhgdh oc oxtordbr% Oe oc cdfrb no Bfrhs p÷stuahs# no Hcche

Lhrnog# 8ª phrto# átoa 6# ndgo quo oc pordospárdtu eb sooeguoetrh oegorrhnb oe cbs cáadtos noc guorpb gbaboe ueh ghkh% Osth prbpdonhn os auy dapbrtheto# yh quooxpordoegdhs gdoetághs oogtuhnhs oe ch hetdùh _ed÷eWbvdätdgh# Osthnbs _ednbs y @rhe Frothøh# gbapruofhe choxdstoegdh noc cchahnb ghapb oeor`ätdgb# oc guhc vdoeo hnoabstrhr ch hrahgd÷e no Lhrnog mhgo 8?: høbs%

Hfsbrgd÷e;Os pbr osth ghphgdnhn quo puono hfsbrfor susthegdhs ehs b `rbsorhs no ch ahtordh% Oeor`áhs fuoehsb degcusb vhpbros no gbadnhs otg# thafdäe puonoe cbsbfsosbros-7$ hfsbrfor oeor`áhs no sus vágtdahs%

Zoeotrhfdcdnhn; Zuono poeotrhr guhcqudor ostrugturhahtordhc%

Zchstdgdnhn; Os nofdnb h osth prbpdonhn quo ocpordospárdtu puono abndghr su brah oxtoreh% Wu

Cbs sbvdätdgbs gbaprbfhrbe oe ch

_edvorsdnhn no Hcah Hth# Lhzhkstèe#gbab so rotdrhfh tbthcaoeto ocguorpb fdbpchsaètdgb nospuäs no chauorto ásdgh y oapcohrbe oc notogtbrno pucshgdbeos fdbc÷`dghs phrhgbaprbfhr quo so oegbetrhfh gorghnoc guorpb




pchstdgdnhn os hogthnh pbr cbs nos`hstos noc hcgbmbc# chnrb`h# ch edgbtdeh# pbr chs toethtdvhs no sudgdndb# otg%

Edeùeh hctorhgd÷e so kh oe oc guorpb ásdgb# phrh trhesadtdrso pbr moroegdh h sus nosgoendoetos# sd prdaorbeb so k÷ oe cbs òeos< y edeùeh hctorhgd÷e so kh oe cbsòeos# sd prdaorb eb so k÷ oe oc pordospárdtu%

Oe rhz÷e no ch noesdnhn no euostrb psdqudsab#

okoguthabs hgtbs quo vdbcoethe euostrh br`hedzhgd÷eásdgh# nostruyoenb ÷r`hebs# hctorhenb sdstoahs y noshrabedzhenb chs oeor`áhs# sdtuhgdbeos äsths quoso daprdaoe oe oc pordospárdtu# ghushenb cbs adsabsoogtbs quo so ndorbe oe oc guorpb ásdgb# gbab sugonogbe cbs oogtbs pbstordbros quo so nhe oe oc br`hedsabpordospdrdtuhc gbab gbesoguoegdh noc sudgdndb# oc hfbrtb# ochfusb no chs nrb`hs# noc hcgbmbc# noc soxb# otg%

Hcùebs hutbros detorprothe quo oc pordospárdtu gbe chovbcugd÷e noc ospárdtu noshphrogo# porb oe Oc Cdfrb no cbsOspárdtus# oe ch proùeth 8=9 ebs ndgo;

«²Oxdstoe auenbs oe cbs guhcos oc ospár dtu# nokhenb nomhfdthr guorpbs ahtordhcos# eb toe`h btrh oevbcturh quo ocpordospárdtu2¼

Cbs ospárdtus rospbenoe; «Wá# y osth adsah oevbcturhso mhgo the otäroh# quo phrh vbsbtrbs os gbab sd eboxdstdorh< thc os oc osthnb no cbs ospárdtus purbs¼%

Oc mbafro y ch aukor gbe sus poeshadoetbs y hgtdtunos#phchfrhs y hgtbs# grohe oe cb áetdab ch vornhnorh brahospdrdtuhc no quo so rovdstoe% Ghnh grdaoe# ghnh ghánh#nokhe nobradnhnos y surgbs mbrroenbs oe oc guorpb nochcah# hsá gbab ghnh hggd÷e òeorbsh# ghnh poeshadoetb

supordbr# høhnoe foccozh h ch brah por dospdrátdgh%Mhy grdhturhs focchs y hnadrhfcos oe ch ghreo y quo oe

oc benb sbe vornhnorbs abestrubs aoethcos# noc adsababnb quo mhy guorpbs tbrturhnbs y notosthnbs oe ocauenb# osgbendoenb ospárdtus he`äcdgbs%

-8$ Icudnb g÷sadgb; ^hafdäe cchahnb iudnb uedvorshc# os ch ahtordhocoaoethc prdadtdvh# no guyhs nordvhgdbeos y abndghgdbeos# sogbestdtuyoe ch deednhn no guorpbs no ch ehturhcozh% Ghp% ]DY Oc@äeosds# no Hcche Lhrnog%

-6$ Nogdabs quo os soadahtordhc# ostb os# portoeogo h ch ahtordh pbr ocbrdòe y h ch ospdrdtuhcdnhn pbr su ehturhcozh otäroh%

-7$ Bfsosbros; ospárdtus quo hûe eb hcghezhrbe gdorth ocovhgd÷e

abrhc y quo deiuyoe oe cbs poeshadoetbs no gdorths porsbehsnososthfdcdzèenbcbs y# oe bghsdbeos# cco`henb degcusb h hfsbrforcoschs oeor`áhs% Cdfrb no cbs Aänduas# ghp% ]DDD%




Mhsth euostrbs náhs# cbs ostundbsbs no ch psdquo tbnhváh eb mhe nosgufdortb pbr quä eogosdthabs nbradr%Osth guostd÷e sdùo sdoenb ueh deg÷èdth# porb cb gdortbos quo òeorhcaoeto nbradabs no 9 h = mbrhs ndhrdhspbr täradeb aondb# os nogdr# ebs phshabs ueh torgorhphrto no euostrh vdnh nuradoenb# hprbxdahnhaoeto#nondghabs 6: høbs no euostrh vdnh hc auenb beárdgb%

Oxdstoe tros tdpbs no suoøbs; sdbc÷`dgbs# psdgbc÷`dgbsy ospdrdtuhcos% Nosgrdfdroabs frovoaoeto cbs nbsprdaorbs# sdoenb cbs suoøbs ospdrdtuhcos bfkotb no ahybr htoegd÷e%

Cbs suoøbs sdbc÷`dgbs sbe oc rosucthnb no chs

soeshgdbeos sdbc÷`dghs u br`èedghs guhenb ch porsbehnuorao# thcos gbab oc ráb# oc mhafro# ch son# oc ghcbr…aondheto ch grohgd÷e no daèòeos nurheto oc suoøb#rochgdbehnhs gbe ndgmhs soeshgdbeos%

Cbs suoøbs psdgbc÷`dgbs sbe hquoccbs quo roiokhe cbsadonbs# nosobs# prbfcoahs# heùstdhs%%% noc dendvdnub y quo brahe phrto noc sufgbesgdoeto%

Cbs suoøbs ospdrdtuhcos sbe cbs quo so prbnugoepbr gbethgtb gbe soros ospdrdtuhcos oeghrehnbs bnosoeghrehnbs# uáhs ospdrdtuhcos# èeòcos b soros no cuz…Ostbs suoøbs puonoe sor proabedtbrdbs b prbätdgbs y suoøbs no rooeghrehgd÷e%

Oe oc cdfrb Oe cbs nbadedbs no ch aonduaednhn # noIrhegdsgb Ghendnb ]hvdor# oe oc ghpátucb 6># so mhgorooroegdh h cbs soros ospdrdtuhcos; «Noc adsab abnb#

mhy prbtogtbros quo ebs hyunhe y prbtoòe# qudoeosdùhcaoeto phrtdgdphe no euostrhs oxpordoegdhs no ghnhnáh% Os daprosgdendfco oetoenor quo# sdoapro y oe tbnbcu`hr# vdvdabs oe Ospárdtu% Oc detorghafdb no hcah h hcah#oetro phnros o mdkbs# ospbsbs y morahebs# hadsthnos y gbaphøorbs# sdaphtáhs y noshogtbs# oe oc èafdtb hadcdhr b oe chs destdtugdbeos no sorvdgdb oe chs quo ebs h`ruphabsos# oe rhz÷e no occb# bfcd`htbrdb y gbestheto% Wde porgdfdrcb#hprbvogmhabs dnohs y uorzhs cbs uebs no cbs btrbs¼%

Cbs suoøbs proabedtbrdbsso prbnugoe oe ue aoebr eûaorb quo cbs suoøbs psdgbc÷`dgbs y ebs debrahe gbe`rhe progdsd÷e no sugosbs quo so prbnugdrèe hc pbgb

tdoapb no mhforcbs sbøhnb< suocoe sor no `rhe oxhgtdtuncbs nothccos hgbetogdnbs beárdghaoeto% Wbe gbebgdnbscbs suoøbs proabedtbrdbs no cbs hsosdehtbs no AhrtdeCutmor Lde` y noc prosdnoeto haordgheb Hfrhmha Cdegbce#mhfdoenb sugdoeto fdfcdb`rháh hc rospogtb%

Noetrb no cbs suoøbs ospdrdtuhcos# oegbetrhabs cbssuoøbs detudtdvbs# quo ebs sdrvoe phrh sdtuhgdbeos oe chsguhcos osthabs nospdortbs y shfoabs porogthaoetog÷ab hgtuhr oe ue notoradehnb abaoetb% Woráh uehospogdo no soxtb soetdnb quo h vogos prbgono no uehdebrahgd÷e bftoednh oe suoøbs% Osth frovo oxpcdghgd÷eso oeguoetrh áetdahaoeto rochgdbehnh gbe ch proùeth

>8? no Oc cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus «²Guhc puono sor ch utdcdnhn no vdsdths ebgturehs puostb quo eb chs rogbrnhabs2

@oeorhcaoeto hc nosporthr so prosoeth ch detudgd÷e noocchs y gbe roguoegdh sbe oc brdòe no gdorths dnohs quo

Haphrb @hrgáh

Os iuegdbehrdh y iroguoeth ch Hsbgdhgd÷e Ospárdth no Yhcoegdh Mb`hr Irhtoreb

CBW W_OØBWOWZDVD^_HCOW




toeoabs ospbetèeohaoeto sde quo pbnhabs nhr oxpcdghgd÷e y quo eb sbe btrhs quo chs quo so mhe hnqudrdnb nurhetohquocchs gbevorshgdbeos¼%

Oxdstoe suoøbs no hvdsbs# quo ebs debrahe nosugosbs quo ebs detorosh shfor phrh prbtoòrebs bprovoedrebs heto gdrguesthegdhs hnvorshs quo so vhe hprbnugdr oe euostrh vdnh%

Oe oc cdfrb Oe cbs Nbadedbs no ch aonduaednhn so ebshgchrh; «Guhenb oc guorpb ásdgb nosghesh# eb sdoapro chshcahs ropbshe% Oe ch ahybráh no chs bghsdbeos sdùoe ocdapucsb quo os prbpdb no occhs% Xudoe so nondgh hc fdoe#no ue abnb òeorhc# sdùo trhfhkhenb oe ch soaoetorh y

oe oc ghapb noc habr# y qudoe so oeahrhøh gbe oc ahchgbstuafrh h prbcbe`hr oe oc suoøb ásdgb chs poshndcchsquo cb tbrturhe%%%¼

Btrbs suoøbs sbe rovochnbros y ebs trhequdcdzheguhenb eb shfoabs g÷ab hgtuhr oe ue notoradehnbabaoetb roeto h hc`ûe hgbetogdadoetb probgupheto%H vogos# ostbs suoøbs so prbnugoe no brah vbcuethrdhy btrhs devbcuethrdhaoeto% Euostrbs ùáhs ospdrdtuhcosso pbeoe oe gbethgtb gbe ebsbtrbs phrh dendghrebs ocghadeb h soùdr y hyunhrebs oe guhetb cos soh pbsdfco#rospothenb sdoapro euostrb cdfro hcfonráb%

Oe oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus oe ch rospuosth >:> ndgo cbsdùdoeto; «²Eb toeäds euaorbsbs okoapcbs no porsbehs quoso hphrogoe oe suoøbs y hnvdortoe h sus phrdoetos b had`bscb quo cos phsh2 ²Xuä sbe oshs hphrdgdbeos sdeb oc hcah bospárdtu no oshs porsbehs quo gbauedgh gbe oc vuostrb2¼

Cbs suoøbs no rooeghrehgd÷e so prbnugoe oe pbghs

bghsdbeos y so ahedosthe gbab mogmbs hdschnbs quoprbgonoe òeorhcaoeto no ch ospdrdtuhcdnhn supordbr y quo degcusb so pbnráhe vor gbab ue ro`hcb noc gdocb#puostb quo os ueh bpbrtuednhn quo ebs hyunhráh hoetoenor sdtuhgdbeos b pruofhs hgtuhcos# b fdoe# phrhdetoethr sbcugdbehr cbs prbfcoahs quo ebs hogthe…@oeorhcaoeto ch porsbeh suoøh ueh y btrh voz oc adsabsuoøb oe oc quo so vo sdoenb btrh porsbeh ndoroeto#porb sdetdoenb quo os occh adsah% ^hafdäe puono sor uesuoøb quo so vdvo auy detoeshaoeto y gbe ch gortozhno sor rohc# degcusb puono sor ue suoøb cûgdnb% H trhväsno ro`rosdbeos mdpe÷tdghs so puono bftoeor debrahgd÷eno vdnhs hetordbros gbe bfkotb no oetoenor sdtuhgdbeos

hgtuhcos quo ebs prbnugoe quofrhnorbs no ghfozh bfdoe prbfcoahs no shcun% Noc adsab abnb# aondheto uehaondthgd÷e prbuenh gbe ch hsdstoegdh no euostrb ùáhospdrdtuhc oegbetrhabs hggosb h chs vdnhs phshnhs%

^bnb oc auenb tdoeo suoøbs ospdrdtuhcos oe ahybr b aoebr eûaorb# cb quo bgurro os quo h vogos eb soroguornhe y so quonhe gbab ue nokê vu% Nurheto oc suoøb#oc Ospárdtu rogbfrh hc`b no su cdforthn y so gbauedgh gbecbs soros h qudoeos hah# yh soh oe osto auenb b oe btrbs%Nofdnb h quo oc guorpb os ueh ahtordh poshnh y noesh#rogbrnhabs gbe ndgucthn chs daprosdbeos rogdfdnhs pbr oc Ospárdtu# yh quo eb uorbe porgdfdnhs h trhväs no cbs÷r`hebs gbrpbrhcos# thc gbab ebs osgchrogo oc ghpátucbYDDD no Oc cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus# nondghnb h ch oahegdphgd÷enoc hcah%




ÈE@OCOW @_HVNDHEOW#OWZÁVD^_W ZVBÔG^BVOW#IHADCDHVOW T WDAZÈ DGBW

Guhenb sbabs poquoøbs# euostrbs hadcdhros -phnros#hfuocbs# tábs# otg%$ ebs oesoøhe quo guhenb ehgoabs Ndbsebs hsdèh ue Èeòc no ch @uhrnh# quo ebs prbtoòrè hcb chr`b no euostrh vdnh% Hproenoabs nosno auy edøbs h

rozhrcos pbr chs ebgmos phrh quo vocoe nurheto euostrbnosghesb y h sbcdgdthrcos su hyunh% Os auy gbebgdnb oe chsndoroetos gucturhs pbpuchros quo heto ue hgbetogdadoetbnoshbrtuehnb b hggdnoeto quo cos bgurrh h cbs edøbs# ästbsshc`he dcosbs sde rhsùøb hcùeb# ndgdoenb quo uo bfrh nocÈeòc no ch ùhrnh%

Zbr cb òeorhc# y auy chaoethfcoaoeto# h aondnhquo grogoabs y gbetrhoabs bfcd`hgdbeos y hpo`bs# ebsbcvdnhabs no osbs degheshfcos had`bs quo uorbe puostbshccá pbr Ndbs phrh hgbaphøhrebs oe ch vdnh y hyunhrebs hprb`roshr% T yh ed cos rozhabs y ed cos pondabs%

Nofb nogdrcos# gbab oxpordoegdh porsbehc# quo ehgá oe ueh hadcdh ght÷cdgh eb prhgtdgheto no auy muadcnos

gbendgdbeos# nbeno ao degucghrbe ueh abrhc Grdstdheh#nokèenbao nogdndr pbr ueh rocd`d÷e% Iuo hsá quo nosno auy kbvoe ud ue devostd`hnbr rochgdbeèenbao gbe cogturh auy ospdrdtuhc y no ndoroetos rocd`dbeos% T oetro chs proùethsquo ao mhgáh# ueh no occhs eb pbnáh oegbetrhr rospuosth#²G÷ab os pbsdfco quo sdoenb Ndbs the kustb puonh poradtdr quo porsbehs phsoe pbr ndoroetos sdtuhgdbeos poebshs hquá oe ch ^dorrh y Èeòcos quo vdvhe h su chnb oe ue osthnb noocdgdnhn gbestheto2

Ccovb augmb tdoapb# y eb pbr ghsuhcdnhn# y foendth chmbrh quo gbebgá ch Nbgtrdeh Ospárdth Lhrnogdsth# ch Nbgtrdehno cbs Ospárdtus# quo osgchrogd÷ ads nunhs% Os pbr occb y sdeaès rbnobs quo trhesadtdrä chs oesoøhezhs no euostrbsmorahebs ahybros%

Zrdaorb# nogdr ch ndoroegdh oetro Èeòcos y Èeòcos@uhrndheos b Ospárdtus Zrbtogtbros; CbsÈeòcos sbe chs hcahsno cbs mbafros quo mhe hcghezhnb oc `rhnb no poroggd÷egbegondnb h ch grdhturh y `bzhe no ch pcoedtun no ch ocdgdnhnprbaotdnh% Zhrh occb noforèe phshr# nosno su grohgd÷e#gbab ospárdtus soegdccbs o dèbrhetos# sde gbebgdadoetb y sde gbegdoegdh noc fdoe y noc ahc# pbr chs ndoroetos othphsno ch ovbcugd÷e gbab ospárdtus h trhväs no ndoroetosoeghrehgdbeos% rhfhkhenb oe su poroggdbehadoetb# cco`hrèeaès b aoebs prbetb oe vdrtun no su cdfro hcfonráb y oerhz÷e h sus osuorzbs h hnqudrdr oso `rhnb no ocovhgd÷e

abrhc%Os dapbrtheto nosthghr quo# sd fdoe mhe hcghezhnb chocdgdnhn prbaotdnh# ostb eb cos gbeoro vdvdr oe ue osthnbno bgdbsdnhn< sdeb oe chs uegdbeos quo Ndbs tdoeo h fdoe

gbehrcos y quo so tdoeoe pbr ndgmbsbs oe guapcdr# pbrquosus bguphgdbeos sbe ue abnb no prb`rosb%

Èeòc @uhrndèe b Ospárdtu Zrbtogtbr sbe hsdèhnbspbr Ndbs phrh quo ebs hgbaphøoe nosno euostrb

ehgdadoetb mhsth ch auorto y tdoeoe pbr adsd÷e hyunhrebs hprb`roshr% Occbs sbe sdoapro no ehturhcozh supordbr# thc gbabebs dendgh ch proùeth >4: no Oc cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus; «²Xuänofo oetoenorso pbr èeòc ùhrndèe2 Oc ospárdtu prbtogtbr no ue brnoe ocovhnb%¼ T thafdäe oe Oc Ovheòcdb so`ûeoc Ospdrdtdsab# ghp% 6=# nbeno so roghcgh quo oc èeòc no chùhrnh os sdoapro ue ospárdtu supordbr%

Os ch rochgd÷e no ue phnro phrh gbe su mdkb< ch no udhrebsoe ch soenh noc fdoe# hyunhrebs gbe gbesokbs# gbesbchrebs oechs hidggdbeos covhethenb oc èedab oe chs pruofhs no ch vdnh%Wuocoe augmhs vogos hgbaphøhrebs oe ch vdnh ospdrdtuhcnospuäs no ch auorto y h trhväs no ndoroetos oxdstoegdhsgbrp÷rohs%

Cbs Ospárdtus Zrbtogtbros puonoe oe notoradehnhsgdrguesthegdhs hcokhrso no ebsbtrbs guhenb voe quo susgbesokbs sbe deûtdcos y ebs sbaotoabs h deiuoegdhs noospárdtus deordbros% Zorb eb pbr occb ebs hfhenbehe pbr gbapcotb y sdoapro so mhgoe bár% Occbs sdoapro vuocvoeguhenb cbs cchahabs%

Cbs Ospárdtus Ihadcdhros sbe# oe korhrquáh# deordbros hcbs Ospárdtus Zrbtogtbros y sbe oe tbnb ghsb fuoebs% Wo cd`heh ebsbtrbs pbr chzbs aès b aoebs pornurhfcos gbe oc e nosorebs ûtdcos% Noetrb no sus cáadtos no pbnor# pbr cb òeorhcauy rostrde`dnb# so bguphe fuoehaoeto no chs guostdbeos noeuostrh vdnh áetdah y s÷cb hgtûhe pbr brnoe y gbe oc poradsb

no cbs Ospárdtus Zrbtogtbros%Cbs Ospárdtus Wdapètdgbs sbe hquoccbs quo so sdoetoehtrhánbs pbr ebsbtrbs gbe abtdvb no hogtbs phrtdguchrosy no gdorth soaokhezh no ùstbs# vdgdbs y soetdadoetbs# yhsoh oe oc fdoe b oe oc ahc% Ch nurhgd÷e no osth rochgd÷e ghsdsdoapro so oeguoetrh sufbrndehnh h chs gdrguesthegdhs%

T phrh toradehr qudsdorh nogdrcos quo tbnb ostoprbgosb quo mo gbaoethnb# nosno guhenb Ndbs ebs mhgrohnb y mh grohnb nosno ch otorednhn y groh sde goshr y hetos quo ch dorrh oxdstdorh# mufb oe btrbs auenbs ospárdtusoeghrehnbs quo rogbrrdorbe chs adsahs othphs quo ebsbtrbs!ospárdtus no brahgd÷e aès rogdoeto quo rogbrroabs oeosto abaoetb! y quo cco`hrbe hc e hetos quo ebsbtrbsmufdäsoabs shcdnb no chs ahebs noc Grohnbr%

-Debrahgd÷e oxtrhánh no chs bfrhs no Hcche Lhrnog%Bfrhs Z÷stuahs# Oc Ovheòcdb so`ûe oc Ospdrdtdsab y Oc Cdfrb nocbs Ospárdtus$%

Ibrah phrto no ch Wbgdonhn Ospdrdtdsth Hcdghetdeh

Bsghr Vhabs



6= Vovdsth Ospárdth no ch IOO • Ch Ydnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc

Ch pocáguch Ebssb Chr -Euostrb Mb`hr$ ostè fhsh!nh oe ch bfrh aondûaedgh aès nduendnh oe oc auenb#gbe aès no nbs adccbeos no okoapchros pufcdghnbs y

trhnugdnh h ghtbrgo dndbahs# portoeogdoeto h ch sordo «Chvdnh oe oc auenb ospdrdtuhc¼# ndgthnh pbr oc ospárdtu He!nrä Cudz h trhväs no ch aonduaednhn no Irhegdsgb Gèend!nb ]hvdor% Hnoaès no Euostrb mb`hr -84>>$# gbebrahendgmh sordo; Cbs aoeshkorbs -84>>$# Adsdbeorbs no ch cuz -84>?$# Bfrorbs no ch vdnh otoreh -84>9$# Oe oc auenbahybr -84>0$# Cdforhgd÷e -84>4$# Oetro ch ^dorrh y oc Gdocb -84?>$# Oe cbs nbadedbs no ch Aonduaednhn -84??$# Hg!gd÷e y Vohggd÷e -84?0$# Ovbcugd÷e oe Nbs auenbs -84?=$# Aoghedsabs no ch Aonduaednhn -849:$# Woxb y nostdeb-8497$# T ch vdnh gbetdeûh… -849=$

^ros osphgdbs osoegdhcos puofche oc pordpcb no He!nrä Cudz h cb chr`b no ch pocáguch; oc uafrhc nbeno so

oeguoetrh trhs ch auorto< ch gbcbedh ospdrdtuhc EuostrbMb`hr h ch quo os gbenugdnb phrh su roguporhgd÷e# os!gchrogdadoetb y trhfhkb ndèdgheto y cbs ihsm!fhgl nosus roguornbs oe ch oxpordoegdh torrostro# quo co vhenhenb chs gchvos phrh gbaproenor su sdtuhgd÷e oe ocauenb ospdrdtuhc%

Oc uafrhc nbeno so oeguoetrh oc aändgb trhs suauorto os ueh ro`d÷e ospdrdtuhc pr÷xdah h ch supor!gdo no ch ^dorrh# gbab gbesoguoegdh no sus orrbros ubadsdbeos nurheto ch vdnh% Os ueh zbeh no surdadoetbs#nosoqudcdfrdbs y hidggdbeos# ueh ro`d÷e nostdehnh hc h`b!

thadoetb no rosdnubs aoethcos oeoradzbs< ueh ospogdo

no zbeh pur`htbrdhc# nbeno oc ospárdtu tbah gbegdoegdhnoc aoebsprogdb quo tuvb no ch sufcdao bpbrtuednhn noueh oxdstoegdh torroehc%

^rhs oc phshko pbr oc uafrhc# Henrä Cudz os gbenu!gdnb h ch gbcbedh ospdrdtuhc Euostrb Mb`hr# uenhnh pbr pbrtuùosos nosoeghrehnbs oe Frhsdc oe oc sd`cb ]YD# sd!

tuhnh sbfro Váb no Kheodrb% Nospuäs no phshr ue tdoapboe ue mbspdthc ospdrdtuhc rogdfdoenb gudnhnbs detoesdvbs#Henrä Cudz gbaproeno quo uo ue sudgdnh degbesgdoetonofdnb h sus ocoggdbeos nurheto su oxdstoegdh torroeh#quo hogthrbe thetb h su shcun ásdgh gbab h su osthnbaoethc h trhväs no soetdadoetbs gbab ch rhfdh# oc bndb# choevdndh# ch detbcorhegdh%%% ^rhs osth tbah no gbegdoegdh# ocaändgb nogdndrè prosthr sus sorvdgdbs h btrbs soros quocco`he h ch gbcbedh oe osthnb nopcbrhfco# gbab äc adsabcco`÷ hetordbraoeto# y quo noforèe prophrhrso phrh ueheuovh osthegdh oe ch ^dorrh# puostb quo ch rooeghrehgd÷eos ch aokbr osguoch%

Oe Euostrb Mb`hr nosgufrdabs quo oc habr os oc

hcdaoetb no chs hcahs# hsá gbab quo cbs tátucbs y mbebroshnqudrdnbs oe ch ^dorrh eb tdoeoe utdcdnhn hcùeh oe uepcheb aès ocovhnb% Oc aändgb brùccbsb# ahtordhcdsth y pbgb nondghnb h su hadcdh# hproeno# trhs augmb surd!adoetb# quo su sdtuhgd÷e oe oc uafrhc os nofdnh h ch Coy no Ghush y Oogtb -b no Hggd÷e y Vohggd÷e$ y quo susgbebgdadoetbs no aondgdeh noc guorpb no ehnh sdrvoeoe ch torhpdh ospdrdtuhc% Henrä Cudz rogbadoezh gbe mu!adcnhn cdapdhenb chs zbehs no htoegd÷e y hyunh oe ocmbspdthc ospdrdtuhc no Euostrb Mb`hr# mhsth hproenor cbsprdegdpdbs no ch aondgdeh ospdrdtuhc% Wu trhesbrahgd÷endèdgheto# sdcoegdbsh# h trhväs noc sorvdgdb porsovorheto

h cbs rogdäe cco`hnbs noc uafrhc# gbe sbcdnhrdnhn y habr rhtorehcos# co mhrèe aorogonbr no euaorbsbs –fbeusmbrh‑% H trhväs no su gmh no sor vdgdb dendvdnuhc# aès thr!no pbnrè vdsdthr h sus soros hahnbs oe ch osorh torrostro

Cbch @hrgáh

Mdstbrdhnbrh noc hrto y fdfcdbtoghrdh% Ibrah phrto no ch Hsbgdhgd÷eOspárdth no Yhcoegdh Mb`hr Irhtoreb%

CH OWZDVD^_HCDNHN OE OC GDEO;

EBWWB CHV-E_OW^VB MB@HV$




y ehcaoeto phshrè h brahr phrto no cbs gdunhnhebs noch gbcbedh%

No `rhe detoräs os ch br`hedzhgd÷e abnäcdgh no chgdunhn ospdrdtuhc% Mhy ue @bforehnbr @oeorhc rbnoh!

nb no sotoeth y nbs gbchfbrhnbros% Ch gbcbedh# quo ososoegdhcaoeto no trhfhkb y rohcdzhgd÷e# so ndvdno oe sodsadedstordbs# brdoethnbs ghnh ueb pbr nbgo adedstrbs%Oxdstoe cbs adedstordbs no Voòeorhgd÷e# no Huxdcdb# noGbauedghgdbeos# no Osgchrogdadoetb# no Ocovhgd÷e y no_ed÷e Ndvdeh% Cbs prdaorbs so hprbxdahe h chs osorhs

torrostros# adoetrhs quo cbs nbs ûctdabs cbs ueoe hc pch!eb ospdrdtuhc# yh quo so trhth no ueh gdunhn ospdrdtuhc oeueh zbeh no trhesdgd÷e% No osto abnb# so deoro quo ocmbafro oe su osthegdh trhesdtbrdh oe ch ghreo dèbrh quo

tbnh ahedosthgd÷e no brnoe oe oc auenb prbgono oerohcdnhn noc pcheb supordbr%

_eb no cbs hspogtbs aès cchahtdvbs y sbrproenoe! tos no ch pocáguch os ch hrqudtogturh uturdsth prosoeto oeEuostrb Mb`hr% Ch aändua Mod`brdeh Guemh oe 8404rohcdz÷ ndfukbs adeugdbsbs thetb noc urfhedsab no ch gb!cbedh ospdrdtuhc# oe brah no ostrocch no sods pueths# gbabno ch hrqudtogturh obaätrdgh no sus ondgdbs% Ndgmbs nd!soøbs uorbe gberahnbs pbr Gmdgb ]hvdor y sdrvdorbeno despdrhgd÷e phrh grohr cbs osphgdbs no ch hnhpthgd÷egdeoahtb`règh no Euostrb Mb`hr% Kuetb h cbs ondgdbs#oc hùh os oc iudnb osoegdhc oapcohnb gbab hcdaoetby roaondb h trhväs noc ahèotdsab ospdrdtuhc# adoetrhsquo ch aûsdgh os ue ostáaucb no hco`ráh o detoesdgh oc

roendadoetb noc sorvdgdb gbestrugtdvb%^hc gbab dendgh Oaaheuoc oe ch prosoethgd÷e noc

cdfrb Euostrb Mb`hr; «Henrä Cudz vdoeo h gbethrto# cog! tbr had`b# quo ch ahybr sbrprosh oe ch auor to ghrehc

os ch no gbcbghrebs ghrh h ghrh gbe euostrh prbpdh gbe!gdoegdh# nbeno ondghabs oc gdocb# ebs osthgdbehabs oeoc pur`htbrdb b ebs progdpdthabs oe oc hfdsab deorehc<vdoeo h rogbrnhrebs quo ch dorrh os ue thccor sh`rhnb y quo ehndo cb aoebsprogdhrè sde gbebgor oc progdb noc

torr dfco oe`høb hc quo sbaotd÷ h su prbpdb gbrhz÷e…Oc mbafro torrostro eb os ue nosmoronhnb% Os mdkb noNdbs# oe trhfhkb gbestrugtdvb# vdstdoenb oc rbphko no chghreo< hcuaeb no ch foeoaärdth osguoch# nbeno progdshhproenor h ocovhrso% Ch cugmh muaheh os su bpbrtuednhn#su morrhadoeth# su cdfrb¼

^rhs osth pocáguch# quo mh supuostb ch ahybr devor!sd÷e noc gdeo frhsdcoøb mhsth ch ogmh# cco`hrè oe frovoueh euovh pocáguch no ch sordo «Ch vdnh oe oc auenb os!pdrdtuhc¼# T ch vdnh gbetdeûh… # quo so ostroehrè oe Frhsdcoc pr÷xdab 8> no soptdoafro y soùdnhaoeto oe Osphøh

oc 0 no ndgdoafro nurheto oc Gbe`rosb Ospárdth Ehgdbehc%

Irhegdsgb Gèendnb ]hvdor -848:!6::6$# pbpuchraoeto gbebgdnbgbab Gmdgb ]hvdor# uo ue `rhe aändua y ndvuc`hnbr noc Ospdrdtdsab oeFrhsdc y oe oc auenb% Yornhnorb hp÷stbc no habr# rogdfd÷ gorgh no ndozadccbeos no irahs phrh rogdfdr oc Zroadb Ebfoc no ch Zhz oe 84=8% Huequoeb bftuvb osto rogbebgdadoetb muaheb# su bfrh no habr y ghrdnhn mhfch

pbr sá adsah% Osgrdfd÷ aès no >:: cdfrbs# guyh hutbráh khaès hnadtd÷#hirahenb quo osgrdfáh s÷cb cb quo cbs ospárdtus co ponáhe% Khaès porgdfd÷oc prbnugtb no ch voeth no cbs cdfrbs aondûaedgbs# nbehenb cbs norogmbsno hutbr h ndoroetos destdtugdbeos sde èedab no cugrb%

Zocáguch; EBWWB CHV -E_OW^VB MB@HV$

Ndrogtbr; Phèor no Hssds

@ud÷e; ; Phèor no Hssds

Fhenh Wbebrh; Zmdcdp @chss

Zrbnuggd÷e; Dhh Frdtz

Ibtb`rhiáh; _ocd Wtodòr

Detärprotos; Voehtb Zrdotb# Btmbe Fhstbs# Heh Vbsh# Zhucb

@buchrt# Poreor WgmóeoaheeZhás; Frhsdc

Høb; 6:8:

@äeorb; Nrhah

Ndstrdfudnbrh; 6:tm Goetury Ibx

Ostundb; Gdeätdgh Idcaos " @cbfb Idcaos " Adn`hc Idcaos




Chs Ydnhs Zhshnhsno cbs EdøbsGhrbc Fbwahe

Oe chs Irbetorhsno ch CbgurhNdvhcnb Irhegb " Aheuoc Z% no Adrhenh

Woxb y NostdebIrhegdsgb Gæendnb ]hvdor

BrhtbrdhH ch Cuz no cbs ospárdtusWdabed Zrdvhtb @bdnhedgm

Oc gdocb y oc DeiorebHcche Lhrnog

Ydnh; noshiábs y sbcugdbeosNdvhcnb Zorodrh " Kuheh no Heòcds

Oc Ovheòcdb Wo`ûe ocOspdrdtdsabHcche Lhrnog

Ch @äeosdsHcche Lhrnog

Oc cdfrb no cbs OspárdtusHcche Lhrnog

Oc cdfrb no cbs AänduasHcche Lhrnog

HiednhnNdvhcnb Irhegb " Kbheeh no Heòcds

Náhs @cbrdbsbsNdvhcnb Irhegb " Kbheeh no Heòcds

Abaoetbs no GbegdoegdhNdvhcnb Irhegb " Kbheeh no Heòcds

^rd`b no NdbsNdvhcnb Irhegb " Haäcdh Vbnrdùos

Co`hnb LhrnogdhebNdvhcnb Irhegb " Ahrgb Zrdsgb

Woenorbs no Cdforhgd÷eNdvhcnb Irhegb " Aheuoc Z% no Adrhenh




• Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth OsphøbchPof; www%ospdrdtdsab%osIhgoFbbl; www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"ihgofbbl Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; deibJospdrdtdsab%ggoc%; ,7> 969 788 ==8

Hcdgheto• Wbgdonhn Ospdrdtdsth HcdghetdehNdroggd÷e; G"% Morahebs Forehn# 66 fhkb :7::9 HcdghetoPof; lhrnog%os"sohGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; khvdrc6Jàhdc%gba oc%; ,7> 9=9 4:6 >8:

• Goetrb Ospárdth Ch Cuz noc GhadebNdroggd÷e; Hphrthnb no Gbrrobs e» 800

:77:: • Brdmuoch -HCDGHEÔ$Pof; www%chcuznocghadeb%gbaGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; `rupbospdrdthJchcuznocghadeb%gba

oc%; ::7> 49? 794 ?8? ‗ ,7> 9?9 =>4 90=• Goetrb Ospárdth Ch Cuz noc Zbrvoedr Ndroggd÷e; G"% Aändgb Ccon÷# =% Fhkb ! Hphrthnb ?:=

:777: • Grovdccoeto -HCDGHEÔ$Pof; www%chcuznocpbrvoedr%lhrnog%os Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; khe%habs%lbaoesly8?46%890:Jàhdc%gba

oc%; ,7> 98? ?99 4==• Hsbgdhgd÷e no Ostundbs Ospárdths

Fozorrh no AoeozosNdroggd÷e; G"% Abeto Zochnb# 7># _rfhedzhgdbe Ghcdibredh%

:78=? • brrovdokh -HCDGHEÔ$Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; bsghrahrtdeoz=49?Jyhmbb%os oc%; ,7> 98: 9>: 694

• Goetrb no Ostundbs Ospárdths no FoednbraNdroggd÷e; :7?:8 • Foednbra -HCDGHEÔ$Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; goetrb%ospdrdth%foednbraJàhdc%gba

ôcäbeb; ,7> 904 47= 4?0

Fhrgocbeh• Hsbgdhgd÷e no Ostundbs Ospárdths no DùhchnhNdroggd÷e; G"% noc Ghraoe E% 87! 8»! 6ª

:=0:: • Dùhchnh -FHVGOCBEH$Pof; www%lhrnog%os"dùhchnhGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; ostundbsospdrdthsdùhchnhJmbtahdc%os

oc%; ::7> 47= :?7 >8: ‗ ,7> 94: :?8 6>9• Goetrb Ospárdth Hahcdh Nbade`b Wbcor Ndroggd÷e; G"% Zhvdh# cbghc puorth `rds oetro# 0: y 06!0>

:=::: • FhrgocbehPof; www%gohns%lhrnog%os" Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; gohnsJbeb%gba oc%; ,7> 99? 786 9=0

Gdunhn Vohc• Goetrb Ospárdth Habr Irhtoreb Ndroggd÷e; Hvnh% Iorrbghrrdc# 00 879:: • Hcgèzhr no Whe Kuhe -GD_NHN VOHC$

Pof; `rupbnoostundbsospdrdths%gbaGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; goetrbospdrdthhabrirhtorebJàhdc%gba

ôcäbeb; ::7> 469 88: 079

• Goetrb Ospárdth Ghadeb no CuzNdroggd÷e; G"% Vudz Abrbto# 6>

876:: • Ahezhehros -GD_NHN VOHC$Pof; www%goghadebnocuz%ndvuc`hgdbe%br`" Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; goghadebnocuzJtocoibedgh%eot

ôc%; ::7> 469 96: 6=0 ‗ ,7> 969 788 ==8• Goetrb Ospárdth –Kosûs no Ehzhrot‑ Ndroggd÷e; G"% Wbguocchabs# 0?

870:: • baoccbsb -GD_NHN VOHC$Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; ahrdhcudsh469Jmbtahdc%gbaôc% ,7> 94: 90: ?07• Hsbgdhgd÷e Ospárdth no Whe Ghrcbs noc YhccoNdroggd÷e; G"% Vha÷e y Ghkhc# 80 876>0 • Whe Ghrcbs noc Yhcco -GD_NHN VOHC$Pof; mttp;""www%lhrnog%os"hosgvhGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; xuheyxbsoJtorrh%os ôc%; ::7> 469 97: ::=

G÷rnbfh• Goetrb Ospárdth Habr y Zrb`rosbNdroggd÷e; G"% Kbsä Brto`h y @hssot# 4

8>??: • Abetdcch -G×VNBFH$ Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; habryprb`rosbJàhdc%gba ôc%; ::7> 4?0 9?> 708 ‗ ,7> 989 86: >:6• Irhtorednhn Ospárdth –Kbsä @rbssb‑ Ndroggd÷e; G"Hetbedb Ahurh# 6: 7» N

8>::? • G÷rnbfh Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; ghtupdrdJmbtahdc%gbaPof; mttp;""lhrnog%os"iok ôc%; ::7> 4?0 679 >67 ‗ ::7> 4?0 :=6 :?:

Dschs Fhcohros• Goetrb Ospdrdth OaaheuocNdroggd÷e; baès Hùdc÷ Ibrtozh# 76 :0:88• Zhcah no Ahccbrgh -DWCHW FHCOHVOW$Pof; mttp;""www%goetrbospdrdthoaaheuoc%ndvuc`hgdbe%br`"

Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; goetrbospdrdthoaaheuocJmbtahdc%gba

ocäbeb; ::7> 408 6=9 8=4 ‗ ,7> 974 689 >>?• Goetrb Ospárdth Dschs Fhcohros -G%O%D%F$Ndroggd÷e; G"% Ch ^rbfhnh# >= h!f#

:0:88• Zhcah no Ahccbrgh -DWCHW FHCOHVOW$ Gbrrob ocogtr÷edgb; godfJgodf%os

Pof; mttp;""www%godf%osoc%; ,7> 90: 4=: ?=>

Cärdnh• Hssbgdhgd÷ Ospárdth Btus d Eärha -HOBE$Ndroggd÷e; G"% @oraheh Aorgí Whethgheh# 87 6?7:: • êrro`h -CÄVDNH$Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; btusdeorhaJtorrh%os Pof; mttp;""www%lhrnog%os"btusdeorha ôc%; ::7> 407 788 604

Ahnrdn • Hsbgdhgd÷e no Ostundbs Ospárdths no Ahnrdn

Ndroggd÷e; G"% No ch Fbcsh# 8> ! 8» ngmh%6=:86 • AhnrdnPof; www%ospdrdthsahnrdn%gbaGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; ospdrdthsahnrdnJtocoibedgh%os

Goetrbs Ospárdths no ch IOO


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• Hsbgdhgd÷e Ospárdth Irhegdsgb no Hsásno ch Wdorrh

Ndroggd÷e; G"% Gbcaoehrokb# 88# 6» F 6=:86 • @hchph`hr -AHNVDN$

Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; gchunoto`chosorJmbtahdc%gba

tbrroscbchJcdvo%gba oc%; ,7> 979 774 ?46 ‗ ,7> 90= 89? 448• Goetrb Ospdrdth Oetro oc Gdocb y ch

^dorrhNdroggd÷e; Hvnh no Ahnrdn# 64 cbghc 6=9=: • Whe Ahrtáe no Yhcnod`cosdhs -AHNVDN$Pof; www%lhrnog%os"oetroocgdocbychtdorrhGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; bh`cdbJhrrhlds%os oc%; ,7> 90= 990 687 ‗ ,7> 90= 990 686

• Goetrb Ospárdth Aoeshkorbs no ch CuzNdroggd÷e; G"% Ahnorh# 8 ! Fhkb

6=::> • Ahnrdn

Pof; www%gtv%os"_WOVW"goaoc"mbao%mtaGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; goaocahnrdnJmbtahdc%gba oc%; ::7> 48 7=9 6? == ‗ ::7> 48 78> =: 8=

• Goetrbs no Ostundbs y Ndvuc`hgd÷eOspárdth G%O%y%N%O%

Ndroggd÷e; G"% Abetorh# 8:!86# 6ª Zcheth ! E» 7 6=:87 • AhnrdnPof; www%goynoahnrdn%br`Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; hurbrhvhzghfhccorbJmbtahdc%gba

goynoahnrdnJyhmbb%os oc%; ::7> 48 ?6= >: =8 ‗ ,7> 9=0 449 =?7

• Goetrb no Ostundb Ospárdth Co÷e Noeds

Ndroggd÷e; Fbeotorb# 7# aotrb Zdb ]DD6=:89 • AhnrdnGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; cobenoedsgoJàhdc%gbaPof; www%cobenoeds%os ! www%fcb`%cobenoeds%os

Aèch`h• Goetrbs no Ostundbs Ospárdths Hcche LhrnogNdroggd÷e; G"% Märbos no Wbstbh# 07# O!8» ?

64::6 • Aèch`hPof; www%ondtbrhospdrdthhcchelhrnog%osGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; hcfbrhe%ondtbrhJbeb%gbaoc%; ::7> 4?6 67= 9=: ‗ ,7> 9:0 ?=: :60

Aurgdh• Goetrb Ospárdth Vogdetb no ZhzNdroggd÷e; G"% No ch Zhz#8# 8» N -Zhtdøb$

7::86 AurgdhPof; mttp;""gorogdetbnophz%osGbrrob ocogtr÷edgb; gorogdetbnophzJrogdetbnophz%osôc; ,7> 994 :79 8:4

Zbetovonrh• Hsbgdhgd÷e Ospárdth Zhz# Hrabeáh y

Ghrdnhn Ndroggd÷e; G"% Vûh Zoeds# 68 ! 8» Ngmh%

7968? • Yd`b -ZBEÔYONVH$Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; gophzhrabedhabryghrdnhnJmbtahdc%os oc%; ,7> 9?8 =>: 869

Wovdcch• Hsbgdhgd÷e Goetrb no Ostundbs

Ospárdths no WovdcchNdroggd÷e; Zrbspordnhn#7 rdheh

>8:8: • WovdcchPof; www%ospdrdthssovdcch%osGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; òebvovh%ahccbJàhdc%gba ôc%; ::7> 4?> 6=7 =?: ‗ ,7> 9?: >=8 =74

^hrrh`beh• Goetrb Ospárdth Kbheeh no HeòcdsNdroggd÷e; Zufdcc Brdbc# 66

>76:8 • Väus -^HVVH@BEH$ôcäbeb; ::7> 400 7>9 89> ‗ ,7> 96? >98 9=>• Goetrb Ospárdth Aheuoc y NdvhcnbNdroggd÷e; G"% noc Ydoetb

>76:? • Väus -^HVVH@BEH$Pof; www%goayn%gbaGbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; hrcde``Jyhmbb%os oc%; ,7> 9=9 >4: 0>9

Yhcoegdh• Hsbgdhgd÷e Ospárdth no Yhcoegdh Mb`hr IrhtorebNdroggd÷e; G"% Ydccheuovh no Ghstocc÷e# 66

>9::4 • YhcoegdhPof; www%hsosvh%br`Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; mb`hr%irhtorebJàhdc%gba ôc%; ::7> 49 7>0 46 >> ‗ ::7> 49 76: 49 =?

GOE^VBW OWZÁVD^HW BECDEO• Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth OsphøbchNdroggd÷e; mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"gmht -Cueos#

Adorgbcos y Kuovos 66#7: mbrhs$Pof; mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"gmht

Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; deibJospdrdtdsab%gg

ôcobeb; ,7> 969 788 ==8

• Goetrb no Ostundbs Ospárdths –WdeIrbetorhs‑

Ndroggd÷e; mttp;""www%ospdrdtdsab%gg"gmht-Nbade`bs 68#:: mbrhs$

Gbrrob Ocogtr÷edgb; goosdeirbetorhsJàhdc%gba

Pof; mttp;""goosdeirbetorhs%os

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H Ghadeb no ch Cuz -Ebrahc$ ?#:: ₣

H cb Cokbs oe oc Khrnáe 9#:: ₣

Hggd÷e y Vohggd÷e 4#:: ₣

Hiednhn >#:: ₣

Hòenh Grdstdheh 7#:: ₣

Hcfbrhnh Grdstdheh >#:: ₣

Habr Devoegdfco Habr 86#:: ₣

Htoegd÷e >#:: ₣

Hutbnosgufrdadoetb =#:: ₣

Fuoeh Euovh -Ebrahc$ ?#:: ₣

Ghadeb Ospárdth -Fbcsdccb$ >#:: ₣

Ghrhgtoros no ch Vovochgd÷e Ospárdth 7#:: ₣

Gbcoggd÷e no Brhgdbeos Ospárdths >#:: ₣

Gbaphøorbs -Fbcsdccb$ >#:: ₣

Gbrhko >#:: ₣

Grdstdhedsab y Ospdrdtdsab 88#:: ₣

Guhenb Vo`roso ch Zrdahvorh -Ebrahc$ 0#:: ₣

Guoetbs Ospdrdtdsths =#:: ₣

Guoetbs y Hp÷cb`bs -Ebrahc$ ?#:: ₣

Nosno ch Btrh Ydnh >#:: ₣

Nospuäs no ch Auorto 0#?: ₣

Norrbtorb >#:: ₣

Náhs @cbrdbsbs 86#:: ₣

Ndeorb ?#:: ₣

NYN no Lhrnog h Euostrbs Náhs 9#:: ₣Onughgd÷e Zhrh ch Auorto 4#:: ₣

Oc Hcah os Deabrthc =#:: ₣

Oc Ghadeb Vogtb 7#:: ₣

Oc Goetrb Ospárdth 4#:: ₣

Oc Gbesbchnbr quo Zrbaotd÷ Kosûs 4#:: ₣

Oc Ospdrdtdsab oe su aès sdapco Oxprosd÷e 6#:: ₣

Oc Ospárdtu y oc doapb 8:#:: ₣

Oc @rhe Oedàh 4#:: ₣

Oc Mbafro Deto`rhc =#:: ₣Oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus ! OOO 9#:: ₣

Oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus ! DNO 9#:: ₣

Oc cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus ! Haocdh Fbunot 4#:: ₣

Oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus Iroeto h chGucturh no su doapb

7#:: ₣

Oc Cdfrb no cbs Aänduas ! Haocdh Fbunot 4#:: ₣

Oc Auenb Devdsdfco y ch @uorrh 4#:: ₣

Oc Zrbfcoah noc Wor y noc Nostdeb 8:#:: ₣

Oc Zrbfcoah Vocd`dbsb y oc Ospdrdtdsab 7#:: ₣

Oc sor Wufgbesgdoeto ?#?: ₣

Oc Wora÷e no ch Abethøh 7#:: ₣

Oe oc Fbrno noc Deiedtb 9#:: ₣

Oe oc Auenb Ahybr 9#:: ₣

Oe chs Irbetorhs no ch Cbgurh 86#:: ₣

Oe cbs Nbadedbs no ch Aonduaednhn 4#:: ₣

Oebquo Ospárdth 0#:: ₣

Oaaheuoc ! Gdoegdh ! Idcbsbáh ! Vocd`d÷e 4#:: ₣

Oeshyb Vovdsth Ospdrdtdsab 7#:: ₣

Oetro ch dorrh y oc Gdocb 0#:: ₣

Opdsbndbs Ndhrdbs 0#:: ₣

Osgchvdtun 9#:: ₣

Ospárdtus y Aänduas 7#:: ₣

Ovbcugd÷e oe Nbs Auenbs 8:#:: ₣

Icbrhgdbeos Ovhe`äcdghs -Ebrahc$ =#:: ₣

@cbshrdb Ospárdth Grdstdheb 9#:: ₣

@uáh Zrègtdgh noc Ospdrdtdsth ?#:: ₣

Mhgdh chs Ostrocchs 0#:: ₣Mogmbs quo Zruofhe 4#:: ₣

Moroegdhs no Habr 0#:: ₣

Detrbnuggd÷e no ch Nbgtrdeh Ospárdth 7#:: ₣

Devdthgdbeos h ch Ydnh -Fbcsdccb$ 9#:: ₣

Kuheh no Hrgb# Aändua 4#:: ₣

Ch Hnadrhfco Kuheh no Heòcds =#:: ₣

Ch Ovbcugd÷e Heáadgh 4#:: ₣

Ch @äeosds ! Haocdh Fbunot 4#:: ₣

Ch Euovh Vovochgd÷e 4#:: ₣Ch Bfsosd÷e# Oc Zhso y oc Hnbgtrdehadoetb 7#:: ₣

Ch Vooeghrehgd÷e 86#:: ₣

Cdfroráh Ospárdth no ch IOO

×r`heb ondtbrdhc no ch Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth Osphøbch# sde èedab no cugrb# quo rodevdorto oe oc prbpdb cdfrbospárdth% Wo mhgoe oevábs gbetrhrooafbcsb% Mh`h su pondnb proordfcoaoeto pbr ahdc h debJospdrdtdsab%gg b pbr

tocäbeb; 969 788 ==8






Ch Ydnh oe Ihadcdh >#:: ₣

Co`hnb Lhrnogdheb 0#:: ₣

Cdforhgd÷e ?#:: ₣

Cbs Hcfbros no ch Yornhn 88#:: ₣

Cbs Auortbs Wdùoe Ydvdoenb 9#:: ₣

Cbs Hedahcos doeoe Hcah 4#:: ₣

Ahebs _ednhs >#:: ₣

Aoghedsabs no ch Aonduaednhn 4#:: ₣

Aondthgdbeos >#:: ₣

Aoabrdhs no Hahcdh Nbade`b Wbcor -Fbcsdccb$ >#:: ₣

Aoabrdhs no ue Wudgdnh 86#:: ₣

Aoabrdhs no ueh Aukor 0#?: ₣Aoabrdhs noc Zhnro @oraèe 0#:: ₣

Abcnohenb oc orgor Adcoedb 8:#:: ₣

Abaoetbs no Gbegdoegdh 0#:: ₣

Auorto os Ydnh 9#:: ₣

Bfrhs Z÷stuahs ! Haocdh Fbunot 4#:: ₣

Bfsosd÷e y Nosbfsosd÷e 7#:: ₣

Bpded÷e Ospárdth -Fbcsdccb$ >#:: ₣

Bpded÷e Ospárdth -Ebrahc$ >#:: ₣

Brhtbrdh >#:: ₣

Zhfcb y Ostofhe 86#:: ₣

Zhchfrhs noc Gbrhz÷e >#:: ₣

Zhrdhs oe Vonoegd÷e -Ebrahc$ 9#:: ₣

Zhsos h ch Cuz noc Ospdrdtdsab =#:: ₣

Zärndnh no Woros Xuordnbs -Ebrahc$ 9#:: ₣

Xuä os oc Ospdrdtdsab 9#:: ₣

Vogoths no Zhz 9#:: ₣

Voguornbs no ch Aonduaednhn 4#:: ₣

Vospuosths no ch Ydnh >#:: ₣

Vouedbeos Aondûaedghs Wordhs ?#:: ₣

Vovdsth Ospárdth# 96 9#:: ₣

Vovdsth Ospárdth# 99 9#:: ₣

Woenorbs no Cdforhgd÷e 8?#:: ₣

Woøhc Yorno >#:: ₣

Wbgdhcdsab y Ospdrdtdsab 4#:: ₣

Wus aès Morabsbs Osgrdtbs -Hahcdh$ 80#:: ₣

ô Zornbeb 80#:: ₣

^rd`b no Ndbs 0#:: ₣

Yhapdrdsab# Zsdqudhtráh y Ospdrdtdsab 4#:: ₣

Ydnh Noshábs y Wbcugdbeos 86#:: ₣

Ydnh y Bfrh no Ndvhcnb Zorodrh Irhegb 8:#:: ₣

Hcche Lhrnog Oc Onughnbr yOc Gbndighnbr D ! ONDGOD

9#:: ₣

Hcche Lhrnog Oc Onughnbr yOc GbndighnbrDD ! ONDGOD

9#:: ₣

Ghadeb# Yornhn y Ydnh ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Ghrtdcch noc Fdoe ! ONDGOD 9#:: ₣

Nospdorto y Woh Iocdz ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Nbgtrdeh Ospárdth phrh Zrdegdpdhetos ! ONDGOD 8:#:: ₣

Oc Gdocb y oc Deioreb ! ONDGOD 8:#:: ₣

Oc Ospdrdtdsab oe su Aès Wdapco

Oxprosd÷e ! ONDGOD

6#:: ₣

Oc Ospárdtu no ch Yornhn ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Oc Ovheòcdb Wäùe oc Ospdrdtdsab ! ONDGOD 8:#:: ₣

Oc Cdfrb no cbs Ospárdtus ! ONDGOD 8:#:: ₣

Oc Cdfrb no cbs Aänduas ! ONDGOD 8:#:: ₣

Ospdrdtdsab y Ogbcb`áh ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Kosûs oe oc Mb`hr ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Kustdgdh Ndvdeh ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Ch @äeosds ! ONDGOD 8:#:: ₣

Chs Ydnhs Zhshnhs no cbs Edøbs ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Cbs Aoeshkorbs ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Aoeshko no ue Hnbcosgoeto nosno ocAuenb Ospdrdtuhc ! ONDGOD

?#:: ₣

Adsdbeorbs no ch Cuz ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Euostrb Mb`hr ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Bfrorbs no ch Ydnh Otoreh ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Zhe Euostrb ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Zoeshadoetb y Ydnh ! ONDGOD 9#:: ₣

Vocd`d÷e no cbs Ospárdtus ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Vovdsth Ospárdth Høb 8=?= ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Vovdsth Ospárdth Høb 8=?4 ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Woxb y Nostdeb ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Wdoafrh no cbs Aänduas ! ONDGOD 4#:: ₣

Wufcdao Oxpdhgd÷e ! ONDGOD =#:: ₣

Ydnh Iocdz ! ONDGOD 0#:: ₣

Ydnh y Woxb ! ONDGOD 9#:: ₣

T ch Ydnh Gbetdeûh… ONDGOD =#:: ₣




GBEIOVOEGDHEÔW

Ndvhcnb Zorodrh Irhegb ! Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz ! Adùoc

Yorh ! Whetdh`b Vbnráùoz ! Khehdeh Adeoccd ! Yhcco @hrgáh

Ghrcbs Ghapottd ! Gchundh Forehrnos ! Hetbedb Ccon÷

www%ospdrdtdsab%osO!ahdc; deibJospdrdtdsab%os

Adoafrb iuenhnbr nocGbesokb Ospárdth Detorehgdbehc

BV@HED[H

Desgrdpgdbeos# deibrahgd÷e y rosorvh no mhfdthgdbeos oe; MDWZHEDH YDHKOW ôc% 49? =9 9: =: • Ihx; 499 =: >: :: • O!ahdc; kmuotoJvdhkosmdsphedh%os

@rhe Mbtoc Fhcd ++++G"% Cuds Zroenos# W"E

:7?:6 Foednbra%

DEIBVAHGD×E T VOWOVYHW;

G"% @hafb# 9% 6» ! 9MOndgdb Euovb Hstbrdh

:7?:7 Foednbraôc; 49 ?=9 9: =:Ihx; 49 9=: >: ::

O!ahdc; kmuotoJvdhkosmdsphedh%osG%Y% Aa ::8!H

WOGVO^HVÁH ^ÄGEDGH

www%foednbrarosorvhs%gba

Ch Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth Osphøbch

DEYD^HH tbnhs hquocchs porsbehs detoroshnhs oe hsdstdr hc

]D] GBE@VOWB OWZÁVD^H EHGDBEHCOc coah no osto gbe`rosb sorè;

–T CH YDNH GBE^DEÛH%%%‑ZVB@VHAHGD×E

YDOVEOW# náh 0:4%:: m%; Oetro`h no gronoegdhcos y nbguaoethgd÷e%

Ûctdahs desgrdpgdbeos so`ûe ndspbedfdcdnhn noc hibrb

8:%:: m%; Hporturh%Zbr oc Zrosdnoeto no ch Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth OsphøbchGbeioroegdh dehuùrhc

Zbr Ndvhcnb Zorodrh Irhegb86%:: m%; ²Zbr quä shfoabs quo ch vdnh gbetdeûh2

Zbr Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz -abnorhnbrh Hurbrh Yhz$

87%:: m%; Ndaoesdbeos devdsdfcos

Zbr Adùoc Yorh -abnorhnbrh Bc`h Brtdz$

8>%:: m%; Nosghesb phrh oc hcauorzb80%:: m%; Ch oxpordoegdh aondûaedgh

Zbr Whetdh`b Vbnráùoz -abnorhnbr Kosûs @utdärroz$

8=%:: m%; Vooeghrehgd÷e# ghadeb no trhesgoenoegdhZbr Khehdeh Adeoccd -abnorhnbr Bsghr Vhabs$

84%:: m%; Gbcbqudb hfdortb

Gbe proùeths pbr phrto noc pûfcdgb h cbs gbeioroegdhetosnoc náh

6:%7: m%; Oetrhnh hc gbaonbr phrh ch goeh

66%:: m%; Zrbyoggd÷e noc Chr`baotrhko –T ch vdnh gbetdeûh%%%‑Zrdadgdh oe Osphøh% Oadsd÷e oe oxgcusdvh phrh cbs phrtdgdphe!

tos noc gbe`rosb%

Fhshnh oe oc cdfrb; T ch vdnh gbetdeûh# quo iuo ch ûctdah eb!voch no ch sordo Henrä Cudz# psdgb`rhhnh pbr Gmdgb ]hvdor%

_eh oxgopgdbehc mdstbrdh oetro nbs pchebs# ropcoth no sbr!proshs%

Ndroggd÷e; Zhucb Idùodronb " Zrbnuggd÷e; Yorsètdc Nd`dthcIdcaos y YorBuvdr Zrbnugtdbeos " Zrbnugtbros; Bgoheb Ydodrh

no Aocb# Wbedh Ahrshdbccd no Aocb y Zhucb Idùodronb " Ndstrd!fugd÷e; Zhrds Idcaos " Ndroggd÷e no Ibtb`rhiáh; ^bey Gdhafrh%

WÈFHNB# náh =

8:%:: m%; Ospdrdtdsab oe ch vdnh ospdrdtuhcZbr Yhcco @hrgáh -abnorhnbr Kuhe Aheuoc Vudz$

88%:: m%; Ebsbtrbs cbs ospárdtus aondhebsWoadehrdb pbr Ghrcbs Ghapottd

86%7: m%; Nosghesb%

86%>? m%; Gbetdeuhgd÷e noc soadehrdbZbr Ghrcbs Ghapottd

8>%:: m%; Nosghesb phrh oc hcauorzb

80%:: m%; Osphgdb hrtástdgbBr`hedzhnb pbr rupb no k÷voeos ospárdths

8=%:: m%; Deuoegdh no tus hgtbs no mby oe oc aès hccèZbr Gchundh Forehrnos -abnorhnbrh Cbch @hrgáh$

84%:: m%; Ch vdnh gbetdeûh oe btrbs auenbsZbr Hetbedb Ccon÷ -abnorhnbr Kbsä Aheuoc Aosoùor$

6:%7: m%; Nosghesb phrh ch goeh%

66%:: m%; Gbcbqudb hfdortb

Gbe proùeths pbr phrto noc pûfcdgb h cbs gbeioroegdhetosnoc náh

NBADE@B# náh 4

8:%:: m%; Oc ndècb`b no KosûsZbr Ghrcbs Ghapottd -abnorhnbr Nhvdn Osthey$

88%:: m%; Ch Ydnh OspdrdtuhcWoadehrdb pbr Ndvhcnb Zorodrh Irhegb

87%:: m%; Gchusurh noc Gbe`rosb Nospondnh no cbs roprosoethetos no Goetrbs Ospárdths

8>%:: m%; Hcauorzb no nospondnh

Hgtdvdnhnos hctorehtdvhs# `rhtudths# porb no hibrb cdadthnb quo so ccovhrèe h ghfb h cb chr`b noc gbe`rosb -deibrahr hc mhgor ch desgrdpgd÷e$%¡Hproeno Ospdrdtdsab ndvdrtdäenbto nurheto oc gbe`rosb( Gchsos phrh edøbs y k÷voeos oetro > y 8> høbs% Náhs 0 y ="86 no 88#7: h 87#7:m% y no 8= h 6:m% Náh 4 no

8: h 88#7:m% ¡Eb to bcvdnos no hpuethrto hc mhgor tu desgrdpgd÷e( Cbs phnros quo cb nosooe puonoe phrtdgdphr gbab bfsorvhnbros%

++++Wo pbnrè sbcdgdthr oetrovdsth phrtdguchr b pbr `rupbs gbe oc prosdnoeto no ch Ionorhgd÷e Ospárdth Osphøbch heto nunhs b hsosbrhadoetb oe ch ibrah!gd÷e no goetrbs ospárdths%



Ch phrtdgdphgd÷e oe osto ovoetb ostè hfdorthh tbnhs hquocchs porsbehs detoroshnhs

N d g d o a f

r o 0 # = y

4

F O E D N B

V A ! 6 :

8 6

GBEIOVOEGDHEÔW

Ndvhcnb Zorodrh Irhegb ! Kuhe Adùoc Ioreèenoz ! AdùocYorh ! Whetdh`b Vbnráùoz ! Khehdeh Adeoccd ! Yhcco @hrgáh

Ghrcbs Ghapottd ! Gchundh Forehrnos ! Hetbedb Ccon÷

BV@HED[H

GBEIOVOEGDHW

T WOADEHVDBW

• ²Zbr quä shfoabs quo ch vdnh

gbetdeûh2

• Ndaoesdbeos Devdsdfcos

• Ch oxpordoegdh Aondûaedgh

• Ospdrdtdsab oe ch vdnh ospdrdtuhc

• Ebsbtrbs cbs Ospárdtus Aondhebs

• Deiuoegdh no tus hgtbs no mby oe

oc aès hccè

• Ch vdnh gbetdeûh oe btrbs auenbs

• Oc ndècb`b no Kosûs

• Ch Ydnh Ospdrdtuhc

DEIBVAHGD×E T VOWOVYHW;

G"% @hafb# 9% 6» ! 9MOndgdb Euovb Hstbrdh

WOGVO^HVÁH ^ÄGEDGH

Revista FEE - Numero 04 - Septiembre 2012

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Transcript of Revista FEE - Numero 04 - Septiembre 2012