Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología -...

Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología /

Cuban Society of Pharmacology

Boletín Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas (BLACPMA) /

Latin-American and Caribbean Bulletin of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (BLACPMA)

Primeros Simposios Internacionales sobre Farmacología de Productos Naturales y BLACPMA /

First International Symposia about Pharmacology of Natural Products and BLACPMA

FAPRONATURA 2006

“La Naturaleza al Servicio de la Salud” / “The Nature to the Service of the Health”

RESÚMENES /

ABSTRACTS

Hotel Club Amigo Varadero, Cuba

November 20-24, 2006

http://www.scf.sld.cu/natprod/portada.htm

FAPRONATURA 2006 First International Symposia about Pharmacology

of Natural Products and BLACPMA Varadero, Cuba. November 20-24, 2006


Revista Cubana de Farmacia vol. 40 (Suplemento Especial):ii, 2006

ii

Edición, diseño y realización:

Dr. Gabino Garrido Garrido

Dr. René Delgado Hernández

Consejo Científico Editorial:

Dr. Gabino Garrido Garrido

Dr. René Delgado Hernández.

.

© Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología.

© Revista Cubana de Farmacia

© Sobre la presente edición: Editorial Ciencias Médicas, noviembre, 2006. ISSN 0034-7515 Impresión:

Taller de imprenta del Buró de Eventos del Ministerio de Salud Pública, Calle 2, No. 352 entre 15 y 17, Vedado, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Teléfono: 830 5252 extensión 231. N.E.: Todos los derechos reservados. Esta revista (o cualesquiera de sus partes) no puede ser copiada, reproducida, almacenada,

grabada o trasmitida por ningún medio electrónico, mecánico u otros, sin permiso previo escrito de los patrocinadores. La información en todas las partes del libro ha sido reproducida tal y como fue aportada por sus autores respectivos.




Revista Cubana de Farmacia vol. 40 (Suplemento Especial):iii, 2006

iii

Presidente de Honor / Honor President

Dr. José R. Balaguer Cabrera Dra. Concepción Campa Huerga

Comité Organizador / Organizer Committee

Dr. René Delgado Hernández Dr. Gabino Garrido Garrido

Dra. Diadelis Remírez Figueredo Ing. Cristina Lara Bastanzuri

Dra. María A. Marrero Migaraya Dra. Olga Castañeda Pasarón

Dra. Giset Jiménez López M.C. Miguel D. Fernández Pérez

Lic. Mirtha Llanio Villate Dra. Mariela Guevara García Dra. Milagros Garcia Mesa Dr. Ulises Jáuregui Haza

Comité Científico / Scientific Committee Dr. Gabino Garrido Garrido

Dr. René Delgado Hernández Dra. Idania Rodeiro Guerra Lic. Dagmar García Rivera Lic. Gilberto Pardo Andreu

Dra. Alina Alvarez León Lic. Yeny Lemus Molina

Dr. Octavio Fernández Limia Dr. Ricardo González Álvarez Dra. Zullyt Zamora Rodríguez

Dr. Nelson de J. Merino García

Comité Científico Asesor / Scientific Advisory Committee Prof. Elizabeth M. Williamson

Prof. Michael Heinrich Dr. José L. Martínez Dr. José M. Prieto

Prof. Evangelina Marrero Faz Prof. Roberto Menéndez Soto del Valle

Prof. Carla Delporte Vergara

Comité de Aseguramiento / Assurance Committee

Lic. Gledys Reinaldo Fernández Téc. María C. Serviat Betancourt

Yilian Luque Martínez Investigadores, especialistas y técnicos,

Laboratorio de Farmacología, CQF




Revista Cubana de Farmacia vol. 40 (Suplemento Especial):iv, 2006

iv

Patrocinadores / Sponsors

Ministerio de Salud Pública Ministerio de la Industria Básica

Consejo Nacional de Sociedades Científicas de la Salud Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología Centro de Química Farmacéutica

Centro para el Desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos

Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo de Medicamentos

Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos Instituto de Vacunas Finlay

Empresa QUIMEFA Boletín Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas (BLACPMA)

Laboratorios Farmacéuticos y Empresas Extranjeras

Pharmaceutical Laboratories and Foreingner Companies

AMPELOS, BAYER CONSUMER CARE LTD, NOVARTIS, BAYER, GAUTIER-BAGÓ, ASTRA–ZENECA

SEPPIM-INNOTECH, MEDICARIBE, MERZ, SERVIER Artel Servizi S.R.L. Los Portales s.a.

ING Bank Papas & Co.




Revista Cubana de Farmacia vol. 40 (Suplemento Especial):v, 2006

v

PRÓLOGO La Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología convoca a sus asociados y profesionales relacionados con el quehacer de las ciencias farmacológicas en todo el país y a nivel internacional a la celebración de los Primeros Simposios Internacionales sobre Farmacología de los Productos Naturales y del Boletín Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas (BLACPMA).

Estos Primeros Simposios constituyen una oportunidad excepcional para profundizar en el conocimiento, fortalecer el intercambio científico y la colaboración entre profesionales que desarrollan su actividad diaria en el campo de las ciencias farmacológicas y otras disciplinas relacionadas, en función de los productos naturales. Constituye, además, un escenario especial para realizar el primer encuentro de un grupo de profesionales latinoamericanos y de otros países del mundo, que tuvieron la hermosa iniciativa de crear un Boletín informativo latinoamericano especializado en Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas. Este es un ejemplo de cuánto se puede lograr en este campo de las ciencias cuando se trabaja con voluntad y máxima dedicación a una obra científica de importancia para el desarrollo de nuestros pueblos y sus culturas.

Alrededor de 100 investigadores cubanos, provenientes de universidades, facultades de ciencias médicas, institutos de investigación, centros asistenciales, hospitales y farmacias comunitarias participan en este evento. Esto representa un salto cualitativo para la Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología, al tratarse de un foro enmarcado en una temática tan específica, la farmacologIa de los productos naturales. Todo ello pone de manifiesto la importancia de la realización de estas actividades científicas como parte de las estrategias que se desarrollan en el país para llevar a cabo la integración, colaboración y actualización científica de los profesionales que trabajan en este importante campo de las investigaciones farmacológicas.

Es necesario destacar la participación de más de 100 personalidades científicas de Alemania, Argentina, Austria, Bélgica, Brasil, Bulgaria, Camerún, Canadá, Chile, China, Colombia, Croacia, Ecuador, Egipto, España, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, India, Irán, Italia, Malasia, México, Nigeria, Pakistán, Perú, Polonia, Portugal, Rusia, Reino Unido, Serbia-Montenegro, República de Sudáfrica, Suiza, Tailandia, Turquía y Venezuela, quienes con su presencia en nuestro país, la calidad de los trabajos enviados y sus continuos mensajes de apoyo y solidaridad hacia nuestros científicos, nuestro pueblo y en particular a la labor organizativa de este Foro, ya dejan una huella imborrable para la historia de estos eventos científicos.

Los más de 200 trabajos entre conferencias, comunicaciones orales, simposios, y presentaciones en carteles; así como el debate, el análisis e intercambio recíproco darán relieve a esta actividad. También, ellos permitirán trasladar a las instituciones de los participantes en más de 30 países, los conocimientos adquiridos, la necesidad de continuar en la búsqueda de nuevas soluciones y el necesario incremento del papel de los especialistas en farmacología y ciencias afines en el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos a partir de los productos naturales.

Bienvenidos todos al inigualable escenario de estos Simposios, la playa más hermosa de Cuba, Varadero. Estamos convencidos que este encuentro permitirá crear nuevas perspectivas para el trabajo futuro y consolidará aun más la actividad científica de todos los participantes aquí reunidos.

Muchas gracias a todos por su participación.

Comité Organizador

FAPRONATURA 2006




Revista Cubana de Farmacia vol. 40 (Suplemento Especial):vi, 2006

vi

PREFACE

The Cuban Society of Pharmacology calls its associates and professionals related with the pharmacological sciences’ work at international level to the celebration of the First International Symposia about Pharmacology of the Natural Products and the Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (BLACPMA).

These First Symposia constitute an exceptional opportunity to deepen in the knowledge, to strengthen the scientific exchange and the collaboration among professionals that develop their daily activity in the field of the pharmacological sciences and other related disciplines, in function of the natural products. It also constitutes a special scenario to carry out the first meeting of a group of professionals from Latin American and other countries that had the magnificent initiative of creating a Latin American informative Bulletin specialized in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. This is an example of how much it can achieve in this field of the sciences with maximal dedication to an important scientific work for the development of our peoples and their cultures.

Around 100 Cuban researchers, coming from universities, faculty of medical sciences, investigation institutes, assistance centers, hospitals and community pharmacies participate in this event. This represents a qualitative jump for the Cuban Society of Pharmacology, when being a forum framed in a so specific thematic, the pharmacology of natural products. All of this shows the importance to the realization of these scientific activities as part of the strategies that are developed in the country to carry out the integration, collaboration and the professionals' scientific update those that work on this important field of the pharmacological investigations.

It is necessary to highlight the participation of more than 100 scientific personalities from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Republic of South Africa, Russia, Serbian-Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United States, United Kingdom and Venezuela, who with their presence in our country, the quality of the sent works and their continuous support messages and solidarity toward our scientists, our people and, in particular, to the organizational work of this Forum, already leave an indelible print for the history of these scientific events.

More than 200 works among conferences, oral communications, symposia, and presentations in posters; as well as the debate, the analysis and reciprocal exchange will give relief to this activity. They also will allow transferring to the participant’s institutions in more than 30 countries the acquired knowledge, the need to continue in the search of new solutions and the necessary increment of the specialist’s paper in pharmacology and other sciences in the development of new medicines starting from the natural products.

Welcome to everybody to the wonderful scenario of these Symposia, the most beautiful beach in Cuba, Varadero. We are convinced that this meeting will allow creating new perspectives for the future work and it will consolidate even more the scientific activity of all the participants here congregated.

Thank you to all for your participation.

Organizing Committee

FAPRONATURA 2006




Revista Cubana de Farmacia vol. 40 (Suplemento Especial):1, 2006

1

INDICE

PROGRAMA / PROGRAM 12

RESÚMENES / ABSTRACTS 33

CONFERENCIAS PLENARIAS O CONFERENCIAS / PLENARY LECTURES OR LECTURES

LUNES, 20 DE NOVIEMBRE / MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20

PL01 Heinrich M. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AND THE SEARCH FOR NOVEL MEDICINES / HEALTH FOODS. ARE WE BARKING UP THE RIGHT TREE?

33

PL02 Cabrera N. THE CUBAN PROGRAM OF NATURAL MEDICINE. THE ROLE OF PHARMACOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT IN NATIONAL SYSTEM OF PUBLIC HEATH.

34

PL03 Saura Calixto FD, Goñi I, Serrano J, Pérez–Jiménez J, Tabernero M, Arranz S & Díaz-Rubio ME. ANTIOXIDANT DIETARY FIBERS: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR PREVENTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ASSOCIATED DISEASE.

34

PL04 Williamson EM. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HERBAL MEDICINES AND PRESCRIPTION DRUGS. 35

MARTES, 21 DE NOVIEMBRE / TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 21

L01 Raza M. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY OF DISEASE PREVENTION FROM ANCIENT ISLAMIC TEXTS. 35

L02 Buenz E. DRUG DISCOVERY THROUGH HISTORIC HERBAL TEXTS. 36

L03 Chattopadhyay D. ROLE AND SCOPE OF ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRALS. 36

L04 Gabriel A. Agbor, Joe A Vinson, Julius E. Oben, Jeanne Y Ngogang. In vitro ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THREE PIPER SPECIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

36

L05 Garrido G, Delgado R, García D, Pardo GL, Martínez G, Hernández P, Rodeiro I, Hernandez I, Guevara M, Alvarez A , Riaño A, Merino N, Núñez AJ. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITY OF NATURAL EXTRACT OBTAIN FROM STEM BARK OF Mangifera indica L (VIMANG) AND ITS GLUCOSYLXANTHONE, MANGIFERIN.

37

MIÉRCOLES, 22 DE NOVIEMBRE / WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 22

L06 Scholey AB, Kennedy DO, Zangara A, Robertson B, Reay J, Luedemann J, Maggini S, Brewster-Maund C, Ruf M. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF A MULTIVITAMIN-GUARANÁ PREPARATION ON MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL FATIGUE DURING A SUSTAINED PERIOD OF MENTAL DEMAND.

38

L07 Saxby BK, Edgar CE, Edwards K, Wesnes KA. THE EFFECTS OF GALANTAMINE ON ATTENTION IN THE DEMENTIAS. 38

L08 Okello E, Perry E. PHYTO-THERAPEUTICAL APPROACHES TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE. 39

L09 Maggini S and Ruf M. THE ROLE OF VITAMINS AND MINERALS IN MENTAL PERFORMANCE. 39

JUEVES, 23 DE NOVIEMBRE / THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 23

L10 Espinosa J. CARIBBEAN MARINE BIODIVERSITY. 40

L11 Rodriguez A, Garateix A, Díaz M, Palmero A, Alejandre L, Cuquerella E PEPTIDES OBTAINED FROM MARINE ORGANISMS USEFUL FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.

40

L12 Laguna A, Valdés O, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez M, Hernández Y, Regalado E, Cuquerella E, Alejandre L, Díaz M. CHEMISTRY DIVERSITY OF COMPOUNDS OBTAINED FROM MARINE MACRO ORGANISMS.

40

L13 Llanio M, Fernández MD, Cabrera B, del Vallín T, Hernández I, Bermejo P, Abad MJ, Payá M, Alcaraz MJ. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT OBTAINED FROM MARINE SOURCE: REALITY AND FUTURE.

41

L14 Valdés-Iglesias O, Cabranes Y, Hernández Y, Aneiros A, Colom Y, Azcue M, Ruiz R, Respall M, Díaz C. EXTRACTS FROM CARIBBEAN SEAWEEDS AS POTENTIAL ANTITUMOURALS.

41

L15 Garateix A, Aneiros A, Salceda E, García T, Ruenes K, Buznego MT, Menéndez R, Palmero A, Guzmán A, Valdés O, Rodriguez A, Laguna A and Soto E. MARINE ORGANISMS AS SOURCES OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS.

42

L16 Castañeda-Pasarón O, Rodríguez-Alfonso A, Pérez-Saad H, López-Sánchez T, Bermúdez-Díaz I. AGONIST LIGANDS OF NEURAL NACHR IN LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTIONS FROM THE TENTACLES EXTRACT OF THE PELAGIC COELENTERATE COLONY Physalia physalis.

42

L17 Ortiz E, Morales M, Núñez R, Miranda A, Fonseca E, Batista C, Cabranes Y, Caballero V, Paneque K, Martínez C, Díaz Y, 43





2

Pizarro R. COMPOUNDS WITH PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OBTAINED FROM MARINE MICRO-ORGANISMS.

L18 Núñez-Moreira R, Ortiz E, Oramas J, Fonseca E, Villaverde M, Bellota M, Riverón L, Martínez J, Garcia A, Barbán O, Cabranes Y, Batista C, Miranda A, Paneque K, Díaz Y, Martínez C, Pizarro R. RESULTS OF THE BIOREMEDIATION STUDIES DEVELOPED AT CEBIMAR AND ITS APPLICATIONS.

43

L19 Laguna A, Rodríguez M, Regalado E, Hernández Y, Rodríguez A, Valdés O, Alejandre L, Cuquerella E. COSMETICS OBTAINED FROM THE SEA. A CUBAN EXPERIENCE.

43

VIERNES, 24 DE NOVIEMBRE / FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 24

PL05 Morón F. THE CUBAN PROGRAM OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE MINISTRY OF HEATH. A REALITY AND A CHALLENGE FOR THE GROWING DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHARMACOLOGY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS.

44

PL06 Marrero Faz E. PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS: VETERINARY AND HUMAN NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS. 44

PL07 Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Perri D, Koren G. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF COMMONLY USED HERBS, VITAMINS AND SUPPLEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION – AN EVIDENCE-BASED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

45

PL08 Prieto JM.CANNABIS: A TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE BACK INTO THE PHARMACY 45

PL09 Omar S. PRE-MARKET ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCTS IN CANADA. 45

PL10 Remirez D. REGULATORY STATUS OF HERBAL MEDICINES. 46

COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS (CO)


CO01 Oršolić N, Benković V, Horvat-Knežević A, Kopjar N, and Ivan Bašić. EFFECT OF PROPOLIS AND ITS POLYPHENOLIC/FLAVONOIDS COMPOUNDS ON DNA DAMAGE INDUCED BY RADIATION TO MOUSE LYMPHOCYTES.

46

CO02 Nada Oršolić, Damir Štajcar, and Ivan Bašić. CYTOTOXICITY OF PROPOLIS AND ITS POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ON PRIMARY CULTURE OF HUMAN URINARY BLADDER TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA.

47

CO03 Bermúdez I, Frómeta V and Suárez C. THERAPEUTICS EFFICACY OF THE ULCEPROL CREAM. RESULTS OF A STUDY IN TWO HOSPITALS.

47

CO04 Amaral RRC, Rocha WMS, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS GEL.

48

CO05 Quincoces J, Rando DG, Augusto-Maria D, Galvonas M, Hamilton G, Estrada E, Carvalho J. PRODUCTOS NATURALES EXISTENTES EN EL PROPOLEO BRASILEÑO Y SUS DERIVADOS SINTÉTICOS PRESENTAN PROPIEDADES ANTITUMORALES.

48

CO06 Habib-Fouad K and Buck C. THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Serenoa repens EXTRACT IN HUMAN PROSTATE. 49

CO07 Aznar-García E, González HR, González M, Díaz BY, Barquié M, González M, Moroño M, Carrasco M and Leyva B. TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA IN DIFFERENT POBLATIONAL GROUP. EFFICACY OF TWO PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS OF NATURAL IRON (TROFIN & NEOTROFIN).

49

CO08 Fernández Limia O, de Armas E, Sarracent Y and Dalla G. CLINICAL TRIALS ON THE EFFICACY OF AN EXTRACT OF Rhizophora mangle, L. BARK EXTRACT IN SKIN AND MUCOSA WOUNDS HEALING.

50

CO09 Barrett B. ECHINACEA AND GINSENG FOR IMMUNE ENHANCEMENT AND PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY INFECTION.

50

CO10 Badria-Farid A and Said S. BOSWELLIA-GLYCYRRHIZIN-CURCUMIN PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PHASE I/II TRIAL.

51

CO11 García D, Garrido G, Delgado R, Muñoz E, Leiro JM. MODULATION OF NF-κB PATHWAY BY Mangifera indica L. EXTRACT (VIMANG®) AS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE OF ITS IMMUNOLOGICAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES.

52

CO12 Hernandez P, Rodriguez PC, Delgado R, Walczak H. Mangifera indica L. EXTRACT MODULATES TCR-INDUCED NF- κB SIGNALLING IN HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES.

52

CO13 Lemus-Molina Y, Sánchez MV, Delgado R, Matute C. Mangifera indica L. EXTRACT (VIMANG) AND MANGIFERIN REDUCE NEURONAL LOSS AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AFTER EXCITOTOXIC INSULTS.

53

CO14 Delgado R, Rodríguez J, Herrera B, Rojas A, Beltran A, Sordo L, Nuevas L, Garrido G, Núñez A. ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF Mangifera indica L. STEM BARK EXTRACT AND ITS GLUCOSYL XANTHONE MANGIFERIN.

53

CO15 Pardo-Andreu GL, Cavalheiro RA, Naal Z, Delgado R, Vercesi AE, Curti C. FE(III) SHIFTS THE MITOCHONDRIA PERMEABILITY TRANSITION-ELICITING CAPACITY OF MANGIFERIN TO ORGANELLE’S PROTECTION. A POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE MECHANISM TOWARDS PROOXIDANT ACTION OF CATECHOL-CONTAINING

54





3

ANTIOXIDANTS.

CO16 Guevara M, Álvarez A, Riaño A, Pardo G, Reynaldo G, Garrido G, Delgado R. RESULTS OF RESEARH WITH AN EXTRACT OF Mangifera indica L. (VIMANG®): FROM ETHNOMEDICINE TO CLINICAL TRIALS.

54

CO17 Castro R, Suárez A, González R, Tillán J, Díaz A, Domínguez MT, Vizoso F. PLANT MEDICINAL: COMPILATION OF CUBAN AUTHORS SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

55


CO18 Mo ZX, Xu DD, Yung KKL. EFFECTS OF RHYNCHOPHYLLINE ON RAT CORTICAL NEURONS STRESSED BY METHAMPHETAMINE.

55

CO19 Aziz Z, Latiff A Aishah. THE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF Mitragyna speciosa EXTRACT IN RATS. 56

CO20 Wasilewski BW. BEHAVIOURAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF Ignatia amara CONTAINING COMPLEX HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES.

56

CO21 Blanco-Hidalgo O. SURFACEN AND SP-A: PRECLINICAL RESEARCH IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME. 57

CO22 El Mabrouk M, Ahmad R, Sylvester J and Zafarullah M. CURCUMIN, NORDIHYDRGUIARETIC ACID, QUERCETIN AND RESVERATROL INHIBIT INTERLEUKIN-1-INDUCED ADAMTS-4 (AGGRECANASE-1) GENE EXPRESSION BY IN ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES: NATURAL PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL ANTI-ARTHRITIC AGENTS.

57

CO23 De Bosscher K, Vanden Berghe W, Beck I, Van Molle W, Hennuyer, Hapgood J, Libert C, Staels B, Louw A and Haegeman G. A NOVEL, FULLY DISSOCIATED COMPOUND OF PLANT ORIGIN FOR INFLAMMATORY GENE REPRESSION.

58

CO24 Popov SV, Ovodova RG, Golovchenko VV, Koval OA, Markov PA, Nikitina IR, Popova GYu and Ovodov YuS. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IMMUNOMODULATING EFFECT OF PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES.

58

CO25 Virtbauer J, Krenn L, Kählig HP, Hüfner A, Marian B. CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF Metaxya rostrata.

59

CO26 Pokorski M. ASCORBATE AND HYPOXIC RESPIRATORY REACTIVITY. 59

CO27 Toshkova R, Stefanova Ts, Nikolova N, Serkedjieva J. A PLANT POLYPHENOL EXTRACT AMELIORATES THE DISFUNCTIONS OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES IN INFLUENZA VIRUS-INFECTED MICE.

60

CO28 Zamora Z, Guanche D, González R, Hernández F, Alonso Y and Schulz S. OZONE OXIDATIVE PRECONDITIONING REDUCES MULTIORGAN DAMAGE AND STIMULATES ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN PERITONEAL SEPSIS INDUCED IN RATS.

60

CO29 Rao-Zahid A, Iqbal Z, Akhtar MS, Khan MN, Jabbar A, Sandhu Zia-U-din. ANTICOCCIDIAL SCREENING OF Azadirachta indica (NEEM) IN BROILERS.

61

CO30 Manan-Mat JA. COMMERCIALIZATION OF HARUAN Channa striatus BIOMEDICAL PRODUCTS. 61

CO31 Martínez JL, Medina ME, Garrido G, Arenas P, Prieto JM. HISTORY OF LATIN-AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN BULLETIN OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (BLACPMA).

62

CO32 García Mesa M. NATURAL ANTIPLATELET AGENTS. 62

CO33 Costa D, Monteiro MC, Gonçalves MJ, Almeida-Dias A and Dias ACP. EVALUATION OF PLATELET ANTIAGGREGANT EFFECT OF Hypericum perforatum EXTRACTS AND ISOLATED COMPOUNDS.

63

CO34 Simonen P, Gylling H, Miettinen-Tatu A. SERUM SQUALENE AND NON-CHOLESTEROL STEROLS RELATED TO CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS AND ABSORPTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES.

63

CO35 Pechánová O, Bernátová I, Babál, P, Martínez MC, Cacányiová S, Stvrtina S, Andriantsitohaina R. RED WINE POLYPHENOLS PREVENT CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION: MOLECULARMECHANISM.

64

CO36 Kartal-Özer N. VITAMIN E PREVENTS FOAM CELL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. 64

CO37 TOXIMED. PRESENTATION OF CENTER OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL INVESTIGATION OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA. DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES IN THE INVESTIGATIONS WITH NATURAL PRODUCTS.

65


CO38 Elsässer-Beile U, Bühler P, Wetterauer U, Rostock M, and Bartsch H. IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AN Echinacea purpurea EXTRACT IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER.

65

CO39 Fouche G, Khorombi E, Kolesnikova N, Maharaj VJ, Nthambeleni R and van der Merwe M. INVESTIGATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS FOR ANTI-CANCER PROPERTIES.

65

CO40 Bühler P, Leiber C, Wetterauer U, Elsässer-Beile U. INTRAVESICAL MISTLETOE EXTRACT FOR ADJUVANT TREATMENT OF SUPERFICIAL URINARY BLADDER CANCER.

66





4

CO41 Báez R, Hernández M, Vásquez A. ANTITUMORAL AND ANTIMETASTATIC EVALUATION OF THE BROMELINA OBTAINED FROM STEMS OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus (L) MERRILL).

67

CO42 RM Yu, LY Song, SF Ren, Y Zhao. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOTOXIC POLYPEPTIDES FROM MARINE ORGANISM GYRM-12s.

67

CO43 Villasmil J, Abad MJ, Arsenak M, Michelangeli F, Fernández A, Ruiz MC, Williams B, Herrera F, Taylor P. CYTOTOXIC AND ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITIES OF VENEZUELAN PLANT EXTRACTS in vitro AND in vivo.

68

CO44 Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Cinotti S. Cimicifuga racemosa radix HEPATIC SAFETY. 68

CO45 Bauer B. HERBS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND HOW THEY ARE USED IN THE US. APPLICATIONS FOR ARTHRITIS, DEPRESSION, AND DRUG-HERB INTERACTIONS.

68

CO46 Buttar HS. DRUG-HERBAL/FOOD INTERACTIONS COUNSELLING CAN REDUCE THE ADVERSE EVENTS IN SENSITIVE PATIENT POPULATIONS.

69

CO47 Calvo-Barbado D, Cires-Pujol M, and Delgado-Martinez I. THERAPEUTIC CONSULTATION SERVICE: AN INFORMATION SOURCE ABOUT NATURAL PRODUCTS.

69

CO48 Jiménez G, Ávila J, González B. THREE YEARS OF FOLLOW UP OF SUSPECT ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS WITH HERBAL AND TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS IN CUBA.

70

CO49 Jáuregui U. PRESENTATION OF CENTER OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. STRATEGIES OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN NATURAL PRODUCTS.

70

CO50 Rodríguez-Chanfrau JE. DRUG RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER. SCIENTIFIC STRATEGY IN NATURAL PRODUCT.

71

CARTELES (P) / POSTERS (P)


P001 Casado C, Gutiérrez Y, Miranda M, Garcia G. Murraya paniculata, AN ALTERNATIVE OF THE NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE TO THE DOORS OF THE PHYTOTHERAPY.

72

P002 Verzelloni E, Russo F, Agostini G, Manica P, Conte A. SERUM HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS SERUM HYALURONIDASE AND URINARY GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS IN GONARTHROSIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH GRASS THERMAL THERAPY

72

P003 Patacchioli FR, Monnazzi P, Simeoni S, Colorisco G, De Filippis S, and Martelletti P. STRESS HORMONES IN CHRONIC MIGRAINE ARE MODULATED BY BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A

73

P004 Santos VR, França EC, Oliveira RR, Cortés ME, Brandão MGL. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS TO ESSENTIAL OILS OF BRAZILIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS.

73

P005 Schwambach CW, França EC, Oliveira RR, Cortés ME, Brandão MGL, Santos VR. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENS MICROORGANISMS TO Casearia sylvestris AND Stryphnodendron adstringens EXTRACTS

74

P006 Lima MEL, Cordeiro I, Young MCM, Sobral MEG, Moreno PRH. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM TWO SPECIMENS OF Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (MYRTACEAE) NATIVE FROM SÃO PAULO STATE – BRAZIL

74

P007 Apel MA, Lima MEL, Souza A, Cordeiro I, Young MCM, Sobral MEG, Suffredini IB, Moreno PRH. SCREENING OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY FROM ESSENTIAL OILS OF NATIVE SPECIES FROM THE ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST (SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL)

75

P008 Baró-Suárez M, Pedroso-Iglesias R, Menéndez-Hernández J, Domerego R, Cherbuliez T, Armesto-del Río M, Hernández-Rubiera J, Llano-Labrador B, De La Rosa-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Piñero A, Prado-González GL, Lazo M, González-Delgado JP. THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF TWO FORMULATIONS OF AROMIELES AND ONE FORMULATION OF PROPOMIEL

75

P009 Echemendía OA, Almora E, Martínez I, Fidalgo O, González K, González JA, Lago V. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A PRODUCT ISOLATED FROM Zanthoxylum elephantiasis

76

P010 Perera-Córdova WH, González-Mesa L, Payo-Hill AL, Nogueiras-Lima C, Oquendo-Suárez M and Sarduy-Domínguez R. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED FROM LEAVES OF Pluchea carolinensis (JACQ.) G. DON.

76

P011 Chevalier P, Nogueiras C. ENDEMIC Phyllanthus OF CUBA. MEDICAL POTENTIALITIES 77

P012 Jaramillo C, Mora C, Bravo K, Muñoz K, Arango G, Quijano J. ESTUDIO TEORICO DE COMPUESTOS AROMATICOS CON ACTIVIDAD INHIBITORIA DE LA FORMACION DE β-HEMATINA

77

P013 Setzer W, Schmidt J, Noletto J, Vogler B. LEAF OIL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF ABACO BUSH MEDICINES

78

P014 Setzer W, Takaku S, Stokes S, Penton A. INHIBITION OF CRUZAIN BY Ocotea LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM 78





5

MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA

P015 León-Díaz R, Meckes Fisher M, Luna-Herrera J, Said-Fernández S, Molina-Salinas G, Jiménez-Arellanes A. TOXICIDAD DE NEOLIGNANOS AISLADOS DE Aristolochia taliscana CON ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICOBACTERIANA

79

P016 Jiménez-Arellanes A, Martinez R, León Díaz R, Luna J, Said-Fernández S, Molina-Salinas G, Meckes M. POTENCIAL ANTITUBERCULOSO DE LA ESPECIE MEDICINAL Thymus vulgaris

79

P017 Cornejo-Garrido J, Jimenez-Arellanes A, Meckes-Fischer M, Rojas-Bibriesca G, Nicasio-Torres P, Tortoriello-García J, Said-Fernandez S, Mata-García B. POTENCIAL FARMACOLÓGICO DE LA ESPECIE Rubus liebmanii MICROPROPAGADA Y BIOMASA DE CALLO

80

P018 Muñoz K, Fernandez G, Alzate F, Arango G, Segura C, Bravo K. INHIBITION OF A SPECIFIC ANTIMALARIAL MOLECULAR TARGET AND CORELATION WITH THE ACTIVITY AGAINST P. falciparum AS SELECTION CRITERIA OF POTENTIAL ANTIMALARIALS FROM NATURAL SOURCES

80

P019 Jaramillo MC, Mora CL, Vélez LE, Arango GJ. EVALUACION BIOLOGICA DE COMPUESTOS AROMATICOS COMO INHIBIDORES DE Beta-LACTAMASA

81

P020 Osorio E, Brun R, Viladomat F, Codina C, Cabezas F and Bastida J. In vitro ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF ALKALOIDS FROM Phaedranassa dubia (AMARYLLIDACEAE)

81

P021 Clavin M, Yardley V, Croft S, Anke T & Martino V. ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSAY GUIDED FRACTIONATION OF Eupatorium arnottianum EXTRACTS

82

P022 Vivot E, Muñoz JD, Herrero I, Dragán A and Sequin C. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACTS OF ELEVEN PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF ENTRE RÍOS (ARGENTINA)

82

P023 Rando DG, Ferreira EI, Avery MA. ANTI-CHAGASIC AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF 5-NITRO- HETEROCYCLIC BENHYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES OBTAINED BY PARALLEL SYNTHESIS

83

P024 González-Lavaut JA, Prieto-González S, Garrido-Garrido G, García-Torres M, González-Guevara JL, González-García K, Monteagudo-Borges R, Rivas-de la Vega Y, Gordo-Alvarez O, Echemendía-Arana OA, Pino-Rodríguez S. ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY Of CUBAN VEGETABLE SPECIES

83

P025 Monteagudo-Borges R, García-Torres M, Hidalgo-Perera O, Echemendía-Arana OA, Bolaños-Queral G, Lago-Abascal V, González-Lavaut JA and González-Guevara J. ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTACTS FROM Erythroxylum GENUS AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2

84

P026 García-Torres M, Monteagudo-Borges R, Fidalgo-Perera O, Echemendía-Arana OA, Bolaños-Queral G, Lago-Abascal V, Almora-Hernández E, González-Guevara J and González-Lavaut JA. EVALUATION OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS FROM Erythroxylum minutifolium AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2

84

P027 Megret R, Torres MA. ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION IN VIVO OF Spirulina platensis 85

P028 Megret R, Torres MA. SCAVENGER THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY Spirulina platensis 85

P029 Delaporte RH, Sarragiotto MH, Takemura OS, Sánchez GM, Pérez Davison G, Filho BPD, Nakamura CV. EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOEDEMATOGENIC, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF AERIAL PARTS OF Tillandsia streptocarpa (BROMELIACECEAE)

86

P030 González TL, Abreu P, Matthew S, Costa D, Segundo M and Fernandes E. BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPOUNDS FROM Pedilanthus tithymaloides

86

P031 Anesini C, Turner S, Mauele MG, Ferraro G, and Filip R. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CAFFEINE ISOLATED FROM Ilex paraguariensis ON PEROXIDASE SECRETION IN RAT SUBMANDIBULARY GLANDS

87

P032 Pardo-Andreu GL, Ávila R, Delgado R. MANGIFERIN INTERACTION WITH MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN THIOL GROUPS AND GLUTATHIONE. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITIES

87

P033 Pardo-Andreu GL, Sánchez-Baldoquín C, Ávila-González R, Delgado R, Naal Z, Curti C. MANGIFERIN- FE(III) COMPLEX: CHEMICAL EVIDENCE, SUPEROXIDE SCAVENGING ACTIVITY AND CYTOPROTECTION

88

P034 Nikolic J, Kocic G, Jevtovic-Stojmenov T. EFFECT OF BIOFLAVONOID LESPEFLAN ON XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN MERCURY CHLORIDE TOXICITY

88

P035 Rodríguez CC, Martínez G, Canell Y, Safonts L. ACUTE TOXICITY, HYPOGLUCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF Allophylus cominia (L) sw.

89

P036 Pérez MR, Guevara I, López Y, Martínez G, Merino N, Álvarez D, León OS. ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION OF Musa paradisiaca EXTRACT. (AcitanÒ) IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL INJURY INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS.

89

P037 Nebel S, Leonti M, Nilsson H & Heinrich M. LOCAL MEDITERRANEAN FOOD AS A SOURCE OF NOVEL ANTI-OXIDANTS

90

P038 Verzelloni E, Tagliazucchi D, Panicucci E, Conte A. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND THE PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN TRADITIONAL BALSAMIC VINEGAR

90





6

P039 Jendeková L, Kojsová S, Pechánová O. VASORELAXATION RESPONSES INDUCED BY RED WINE POLYPHENOLS: THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE

91

P040 Pechánová O, Zenebe W, Andriantsitohaina R. THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ACETOVANILLONE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BORDERLINE AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION

91

P041 Şener G, Tavşu F, Çetinel Ş, Yeğen BÇ. LYCOPENE PROTECTS AGAINST BURN- INDUCED OXIDATIVE SKIN INJURY IN RATS

92

P042 García L, Abajo C, del Campo J, Mitjans M, Marrero E and Vinardell MP. ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF LIGMED- A ON HUMANE ERITHROCYTES in vitro

92

P043 Gonçalves RT, Lima RD, Abreu ACA, Jeffreys MF, Pereira Jr. OL, Nunez CV. CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE COUSSAPOA Asperifolia magnifolia (TRÉCUL) AKKERMANS & C.C. BERG (CECROPIACEAE) Y Brosimum parinarioides DUCKE (MORACEAE)

93

P044 Montoya G, Londoño J, Osorio E, Jaramillo C, Yassin L, Aarango G. MECANISMO DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y ANTIATEROGÉNICA DE MONOTERPENOS AROMÁTICOS: CARVACROL, TIMOL Y DERIVADOS HEMISINTÉTICOS

93

P045 de la Paz J, Larionova M, Maceira MA, Borrego SF, Echevarría E. CONTROL OF BIODERIORATION USING A FRACTION ISOLATED FROM LEAFS OF Ricinus commmunis Linn

94

P046 Guiamet P, Gómez de Saravia S, Arenas P, Battistoni P and Pérez ML, de la Paz J, Borrego S. RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN IN THE CONTROL OF BIODETERIORATION

94

P047 Del Toro G, Trapero YM. NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF PUBLIC HEALTH. BIOETICS ASPECTS

95

P048 Aguila M, Pérez I, Hernández A, Rodríguez A, Batista J, Acosta N. EFFICACY OF GARLIC CAPSULES IN THE STABLE CHEST ANGINA

95

P049 Vogler B, Cholewa L, Schmidt J, Setzer W. CYTOTOXIC FLAVONOIDS FROM THE BARK OF Lonchocarpus haberi FROM MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA

96

P050 Muñoz K, Sierra J, Londoño J, Arango G, Arenas J, Mira L, Ochoa J. SCREENING BIOACTIVES FROM VEGETAL SOURCES AS POTENTIAL SKIN LIGHTENING AGENTS USING AN ENZYMATIC MODEL OF TYROSINASE INHIBITION, CORRELATIONS AMONGST ACTIVITY, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND CYTOTOXICITY

96

P051 Londoño J, Arango G, Ramírez R. BÚSQUEDA RACIONAL DE INHIBIDORES DE LA ENZIMA TRANSPORTADORA DE ESTERES DE COLESTERILO (CETP) COMO POTENCIALES ANTIATEROGÉNICOS QUE MODIFIQUEN EL PERFIL HDL/LDL

97

P052 Fleitas A, Derivet Ml, Simón M, Rodríguez G, Concepción BI. EFFECT OF (FZ) GLICOLIT ON KINETIC OF ABSORPTION OF LABELED 14C GLUCOSE IN WISTAR RATS

97

P053 Fleitas AS. DEVELOPMENT OF A NATURAL SUBSTANCE AS AN ANTI-HIPERGLICEMIANT DRUG FOR GLICEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

98

P054 Badria FA, Abou-Seif M, Osama M, and Ahmed AF. EVALUATION OF THE HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF Balanites aegyptiaca ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

98

P055 Ortiz-Andrade RR, Castillo-España P, Sánchez-Salgado JC, Villalobos-Molina R, Ramírez-Ávila G y Estrada-Soto S. EFECTO ANTIDIABETICO DE Cochlospermum vitifolium y Tournefortia hartwegiana: AGENTES ANTIHIPERGLICEMICOS VIA INHIBICION DE ALFA- GLUCOSIDASAS INTESTINALES

99

P056 Erazo JC, Aguilar L, Aranda E y Nicasio P. ACTIVIDAD Y CONTENIDO DE COMPUESTOS HIPOGLUCEMIANTES DE DOS ESPECIES CONOCIDAS COMO “GUARUMBO”: Cecropia peltata Y Cecropia obtusifolia

99

P057 Jabbar-Shah A, Usman IS, Hassan-Gilani A. PRESENCE OF SPASMOLYTIC CONSTITUENTS IN Gratiola officinalis 100

P058 Iglesias E, Herrera R, Ferrándiz D, León MC, Turiño J, Ramírez A. PRECLINIC STUDIES OF THREE DIURETIC PLANTS OF TRADITIONAL USE IN CUBA

100

P059 Boffill M, Lorenzo G, Monteagudo E, Sueiro M, Matos J. DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED POPULARLY IN CUBA

100

P060 Barreiro AV, Jacas J. PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE DIURETICAL EFFECT OF Lepidium virginicum L 101

P061 Pérez I, Fields AM, Churches AND, Herrera R, Eagle M, García L. ACUTE TOXICITY AND DIURETIC EFFECT OF THE Commelina elegans H. B. K. (TUBE)

101

P062 Pérez I, Olivera O, Reynaldo I, Batista J, Grinión LE, Pestano Y. ACUTE TOXICITY AND DIURETIC EFFECT DE Bryophyllum pinnatum LAM (EVERLASTING FLOWER)

102

P063 León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, García-Rodríguez R. THE VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY IN THE TEACHING OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY. A THREE YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

102





7

P064 Contreras E, Castañeda S. LA FARMACOLOGÍA EN EL CONTEXTO DEL APRENDIZAJE DE LAS CIENCIAS BÁSICAS Y LA ORIENTACIÓN MOTIVACIONAL DEL ESTUDIANTE

103

P065 Aguila L, García G. PROPERTIES OF THE Aloe IN THE RECURRENT STOMATITIS 103

P066 Ferrándiz D, Padilla M, Iglesias E. PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF A STANDARDIZED EXTRACT OF THE Allium sativum L. TO 20% FOR ITS USE IN STOMATOLOGY

103

P067 León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, Gonzalez-Valdivia G. OPINIONS OF PATIENTS FROM SANCTI SPIRITUS AND LA SIERPE MUNICIPALITIES ABOUT MEDICINAL HERBS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL DRUGS

104

P068 León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, Gonzalez-Valdivia G. KNOWLEDGE AND OPINIONS OF DOCTORS FROM SANCTI SPIRITUS AND LA SIERPE MUNICIPALITIES ABOUT PHYTOTHERAPY

105

P069 Ricardo M, Valls AR. USE OF THE HERBALIST TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE MUNICIPALITY JIMAGUAYU OF CAMAGUEY

105

P070 Pérez-Valerino DR, Espronceda-Reyes A. EVALUATION OF CONSUME OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE HEALTH AREA OF RENE VALLEJO CLINIC, BAYAMO CITY SINCE JANUARY TO MAY, 2006

106

P071 Espronceda-Reyes A, Perez-Valerino DR. MEDICINAL PLANTS USED AGAINST ANTI- PARASITE DISEASES. EVALUATION OF ITS USE IN A HEALTH AREA

106

P072 Pérez de Arce R, Herrera C, Coria Y, Leal B, Probst U, Villena L, Norambuena F, León J, Curaqueo R, Meza I, Barrera E, Martínez JL.. ETHNOPHARMACOBOTANICAL STUDY OF A URBAN POPULATION AT THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE

107

P073 López M, Pérez M, Martin Y, Marrero R. USE AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS EMPLOYEES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE ACUTE DIARRHEIC ILLNESSES

107

P074 López M, Santos M. MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PREGNANCE 108

P075 Ferrer Y, Miranda M, García V. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROFESSIONALS OF THE HEALTH AND THE POPULATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY LA LISA IN RELATION TO THE KNOWLEDGE THAT POSSESS ON MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PHYTOTHERAPY

108

P076 Lacoste MJ, Rodríguez Téllez S, López del Rosario G. NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. ACCEPTANCE ON PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

109

P077 Griñan D, Saumell Y, Perdomo D, Ortiz L. USE OF PHYTOMEDICINES AT ¨GUSTAVO MACHIN¨ HOSPITAL 109

P078 Saumell Y, Lores D, Griñan D, Perdomo D. RATIONAL USE OF DIETETIC SUPPLEMENTS 109

P079 Melgarejo López N, Álvarez Bustamante G, Alonso Abad A. PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC PRESCRIPTION IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

110

P080 Marrero-Miragaya MA. CLINICAL TRIALS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS 110

P081 Pérez M, Cid M, Méndez R, Rodríguez M, Arboláez M. PROPOSAL OF GUIDELINE FOR THE REALIZATION OF CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOLS WITH HERBAL DRUGS

111

P082 Cedeño E, Sierra L. GUIDE OF NATURAL MEDICATIONS FOR THE FAMILY ´S USE 111

P083 González Y, Boffill MA, Bermúdez D, Castillo O, Iglesias N. EFFECTS OF Solanum melongena AND Plantago major EXTRACTS ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES

111

P084 Tagliazucchi D, Verzelloni E, Ghelardoni S, Pini E, Maltinti S, Ronca G, Conte A. EFFECT OF CHAIN LENGTH AND ALDEHYDIC FUNCTION ON SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PARROPOLYENES

112

P085 Aznar GE, González HR, Catalá M, Barroso E, González M, Díaz BY. CLINICAL TRIAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS TROFIN/BIOTROFER FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANEMIA IN CANCER PATIENTS.

112

P086 González HR, Aznar GE. IRON ABSORTION AND EFFICACY THE ANTIANEMICS IRON HEM TROFIN/BIOTROFDIFFERENT FORMULATIONS

113

P087 Velasco R, González C, Tapia R, Román R. HEMATOPOIETIC ACTIVITY OF Smilax aristolochiaefolia IN VITRO AND VIVO

113

P088 Gori L, Firenzuoli F, Lombardo G. Ginkgo biloba SAFETY ISSUE: COAGULATION 114

P089 Janega P, Líšková S, Uličná O, Vančová O, Greksák M, Babál P, Pechánová O. EFFECT OF ROOIBOS TEA ON LIVER DAMAGE INDUCED BY EXPERIMENTAL TOXIC INJURY

114

P090 Ozel Y, Dulundu E, Topalaoglu U, Toklu H, Gedik N, Ercan F, Şener G. HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN BILIARY- OBSTRUCTED RATS IS PREVENTED BY GRAPE SEED EXTRACT TREATMENT

115





8


P091 Guzmán EA, Segura D, Vázquez B. EFECTO DE LOS ALCALOIDES DE Heimia salicifolia (H.B.K.) LINK SOBRE LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL

115

P092 Lorenzana-Jiménez M, García X, Gijón E y Magos Guerrero G A. ESTUDIO FITOQUIMICO DEL EXTRACTO METANOLICO DE STROTHANTHUS VENETUS EN EL SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR DE LA RATA ANESTESIADA

116

P093 Aguila L, García G. USE OF HOMEOPATHY IN PATIENT WITH STOMATOLOGIC AFFECTIONS 116

P094 Perdomo-Delgado J, González-Pla E and Perdomo-Álvarez N. PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS ON HOMEOPATHIC CLINICAL PRACTICE

117

P095 Cedeño E, Benítez G, Sierra L. BACH`S FLOWER THERAPY IN MILD INTERMMITTENT BROCHIAL ASTHMA 117

P096 Rodríguez de la Torre E. FLORAL PRESCRIPTION DETECTION BY KINESEOLOGY 118

P097 Ochoa-Pacheco A, Gross-Fernández C, Armas-Corría A and Gutiérrez-Fonseca YG. PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF A SOFT EXTRACT AND OINTMENTS OF Petiveria alliacea L

118

P098 Martorell-González N, Torres-Hernández MR. ANTIRUST VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN DIET OF ADOLESCENTS LIKE RISK FACTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

119

P099 Vidal R, Vidal E. ERIDAL®. ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OINTMENT MADE OUT OF OIL EXTRACTS FROM LEMMON GRASS (Cymbopogon citratus)

119

P100 Ledón N, Casacó A, Remírez D, González A, Cruz J, González R, Capote A, Tolón Z, Rojas E, Rodríguez VJ, Merino N, Rodríguez S, Ancheta O, Cano M. EFFECTS OF A MIXTURE OF FATTY ACIDS FROM SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) WAX OIL IN INFLAMMATION

119

P101 Peña D, Montes de Oca N, Rojas S, Parra A, García G. PHARMACOLOGIAL PRE-CLINICAL EVALUATION OF Isocarpha cubana BLAKE

120

P102 Badria FA and Fathy El-Batoty M. APOPTOSIS AND FOOD- CONTAINING COMPOUNDS: THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR RHEUMATOID AND OSTEOARTHRITIS

120

P103 Cisneros FJ & Jayo M. AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Uncaria tomentosa (CAT'S CLAW) AMELIORATES OZONE INDUCED INFLAMMATION

121

P104 Llanio M, Fernández MD, Cabrera B, Bermejo P, Abad MJ, Payá M, Alcaraz MJ. THE MARINE PLANT Thalassia testudinum POSSESSES ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES

121

P105 Fernández MD, Llanio M, Cabrera B, Bermejo P, Abad MJ, Payá M and Alcaraz MJ. Stypopodium zonale: A MARINE ALGA WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI- OXIDANT EFFECTS

122

P106 Álvarez A, Sanchez C, Rodriguez J, Lemus Y, Jane A, Izquierdo M, Delgado R. MONITORING OF INFLAMMATION ALLEGIC AND AIRWAY REMODELING MARKERS IN TWO ASTHMATIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH VIMANG® CAPSULES

122

P107 Delporte C, Torres V, Erazo S, Silva X, Negrete R, Muñoz O, Backhouse N. ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE Aristotelia chilensis, ESPECIE NATIVA CHILENA

123

P108 Erazo S, Backhouse N, García R, Zaldívar M, Negrete R, Belmonte E, San Martín A, Rojas O, Delporte C. ACTIVIDADES ANALGÉSICA Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE Malesherbia auristipulata, ESPECIE PRE-ANDINA CHILENA

123

P109 Yu RM, Yan CY, Song LY. ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CULTURED Ginkgo biloba

124

P110 Latif A, Khan TF and Afaq SH. ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWER TOPS OF Gentiana Kurroo Royale EXTRACT

124

P111 Jáuregui-Haza U, Domínguez-Mesa MI, Valdés-González M, Izquierdo-González M. PHARMACOLOGICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON Mangifera indica L AND MANGIFERIN: BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY WITH SCIENCE CITATION INDEX

125

P112 Echavarria M, López R, Ferrer Y, Casado C, Miranda M. THE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS NATIONAL CENTER INFORMATION AS PROMOTER OF THE RATIONAL USE OF THE NATURAL MEDICINE

125

P113 López M, García O, Yera Y, Rodríguez A, Hernández LC. A WEB SITE OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE Allium sativum L (GARLIC)

126

P114 Valdés-González M. THE INFORMATION OF PATENT DOCUMENTS FOR THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN NATURAL PRODUCTS. THE CASE OF SOLANESOL

126

P115 Santos MN, Santos C. USE OF LDE (LEUKOCYTES DIALYZABLE EXTRACT) IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE

127





9

P116 Pérez O, Lastre M, Bracho G, del Campo J, Zayas C, Acevedo R, Gil D, Mora N, González D, Balboa J, Cabrera O, Cuello C, Pérez DR, Barberá R, Fajardo EF, Sierra G, Solís RL, and Campa C. NATURAL Neissera DERIVE PROTEOLIPOSOME AND COCHLEATE AS POTENT VACCINE ADJUVANTS

127

P117 Pérez M, Ramírez W, Jorge OC. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF T-BIOMODULINE AND ITS CYTO-RESTORING AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY

128

P118 Ávila AD, Calderón CF, Pérez RM, Álvarez I, Pons C, Ortiz AR, Pereda C. CONSTRUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL in vitro EVALUATION OF IMMUNOTOXINS BY LINKING OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH A HAEMOLYTIC TOXIN FROM A SEA ANEMONE

128

P119 Takami GA, Yavari A, Heidarieh M. IMMUNOSTIMULATION OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FOLLOWING DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF ERGOSAN TO INVESTIGATE ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF WHITE SHRIMP IN BUSHEHR-IRAN

129

P120 Valls AR, Iglesias E, Ferrandiz D, Turiño J, Batista J. Camagüey, Cuba. PRIMARY DERMAL IRRITABILITY TEST TO HERBAL PRODUCTS OF DERMATOLOGICAL USE

129

P121 Ramírez K, Puente E, Betancourt J, Mora Y. DERMAL AND OPHTHALMIC IRRITABILITY OF THE CREAM OF ONION TO 25%.

130

P122 Modarai M, Gertsch J, Suter A, Heinrich M, Kortenkamp A. CYP ENZYME INHIBITION BY Echinacea AND ITS ALKAMIDES – IS IT CLINICALLY RELEVANT?

130

P123 Zamora Z, Borrego A, Sánchez C, Delgado R, González R , Menéndez S, Hernández F and Schulz S. OZONETHERAPY REDUCES TNF-ALPHA LEVELS IN SERUM AND LUNG MYELOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN LPS-INDUCED ENDOTOXIC SHOCK IN MICE

131

P124 González R, Zamora Z, Guanche D, Merino N, Menéndez S, Hernández F, Alonso Y and Schulz S. OZONIZED SUNFLOWER OIL (OSO) REDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS.

131

P125 Ruiz H, Ramos L, Abreu MC, Crespo N, González A, Ulloa F, León O. ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF OZONE IN CHILDREN WITH IMPETIGO

132

P126 Ruiz H, Ramos L, Arftiles A, León O, Benítez I. ACUTE ULCEROUS NECROTIZING GINGIVITIS (AUNG). AN ALTERNATIVE OF TREATMENT WITH OZONIZED OIL

132

P127 Bermúdez I, Reyes I Frómeta V and Suárez C. BEHAVIOR OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT TREATED WITH PROPOLIS

133

P128 Bermúdez I, García GS, Piloto AA, Pérez YF and Valdivieso AG. EFFECT OF THE CUBAN PROPOLIS COLLECTED IN MANZANILLO AREA ON THE WOUNDS HEALING IN RATS

133

P129 López M, Jiménez I, Santos M. USE OF THE PROPOLIS CREAM 10% IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH Candida IN VULVA AND VAGINA

134

P130 Fidalgo O, Almora E, Lago V. In vitro ACTIVITY OF PROPOAROMIEL AGAINST Candida sp. 134

P131 Mello AM, Silva LG, Resende SL, Alves JB, Cortes ME, Schwambach CW, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY OF Candida albicans TREATED WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND ITS MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION

134

P132 Amaral RRC, Rocha WMS, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS GEL

135

P133 de Paula MB, Santiago WK, Dias SMD, Cortés ME, Dias RS, Santos VR. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI TO BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS EXTRACT

135

P134 Gomes RT, Teixeira KIR, Cortés ME, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A PROPOLIS ADHESIVE FORMULATION ON DIFFERENT ORAL PATHOGENS

136

P135 Oršolić N, Tadić Z, Benković V, Horvat Knežević A, Lisičić D, Bašić I. STIMULATION OF HEMATOPOIESIS BY A WATER-SOLUBLE DERIVATIVE OF PROPOLIS IN MICE

136

P136 Göksel Ş, Özer S, Abdullah S, Velioğlu-Ogunc A, Cetinel S, Gedik N, Yeğen BÇ. RESVERATROL ALLEVIATES IFOSFAMIDE-INDUCED URINARY TOXICITY IN RATS

136

P137 González-Hernández S, Narro-Juárez A, González-Ramírez D. EFECTO DE Coriandrum sativum (CILANTRO) EN RATAS INTOXICADAS CON PLOMO

137

P138 Capote A, Pérez N, Pérez A, Barbón R, Salas E, Wilken D, Gerth A, Müller-Kuhrt L and Jiménez E. In vitro CULTURE OF Morinda royoc L., Psidium guajava L. var “EEA18-40” AND Morus alba L. var “Criolla” FOR OBTENTION OF SOME THERAPEUTICALLY INTERESTING SECONDARY METABOLITES

137

P139 Pérez N, Jiménez E, Capote A, Wilken D, Gerth A, Jähn A, Nitzsche H-M, Kerns G. TEMPORARY IMMERSION: A VALUABLE OPTION FOR CARDIOTONIC GLYCOSIDES PRODUCTION OF Digitalis purpurea L.

138





10

P140 Abuín A, Lobato O, Prado G, Chateloin T, Fernández F, Boan M, Torrientes D, Guevara E, Bacallao M, Victores O, Gonzáles R, Pensado L, Oliva M. COMMUNITY EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Melaleuca quinquenervia (CAYEPUT), AN INTEGRATED FOCUS, AN ECOLOGICAL-MEDICAL SOLUTION (PROJECT BEHIQUE)

138

P141 Crosta L, Grippi F, Curione A, Tolomeo M, Aiello G, D’Amico R, Oliveri F, Gebbia N. DETECTION OF PICEATANNOL, PTEROSTILBENE AND 3’- HYDROXYPTEROSTILBENE IN NATURAL PRODUCTS

139

P142 Ospina O, Rojas C, Vega D. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LONGIPILINE ACETATE 139

P143 Huertas A, Vega D, Rodríguez O, Torrenegra R, Rodríguez A and Rojas C. NEW MONOGLYCOSIDE FROM Ageratina vacciniaefolia

140

P144 Delporte C, Negrete R, Saavedra A, Peredo N, Aguirre MC, Silva X, Erazo S, Miranda HF, Apablaza C, Backhouse N. IMPACTO DE LA VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL EN LA EFICACIA DE Ugni molinae y Buddleja globosa, ESPECIES NATIVAS CHILENAS

140

P145 Nunez J, Mendoza A. FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL EFFECT IN RATS OF CUSHURO (Nostoc sphaericum VAUCHER)

141

P146 LeHoux JG and Dupuis G. RECOVERY OF CHITOSAN FROM AQUOUS ACIDIC SOLUTIONS BY SALTING- OUT WITH FOOD-COMPATIBLE ORGANIC SALTS

141

P147 Gutiérrez-Ruiz J, Granados-Canseco F, Martínez-Esparza C, Velázquez-Paniagua M, and Prieto-Gómez B. CHRONIC MELATONIN APPLICATION MODIFIES THE CYTOARCHITECTURE OF TESTIS AND DECREASES THE SPERM NUMBER IN WISTAR RAT.

142

P148 Buznego MT, Pérez-Saad H. BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF THE ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF THE EXTRACT OF THE AQUATIC PLANT Echinodorus berteroi (SPRENGEL) FASSETT (UPRIGHT BURHEAD)

142

P149 Ruenes K, Garateix A, Buznego MT, García T, Pérez-Saad H, Palmero A, Guzmán A, Tortoriello J and Pérez-Saad H. ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF Salvia elegans EXTRACT

142

P150 Garateix A, Ruenes K, Buznego MT, García T, Menéndez T, Palmero A, Guzmán A , Valdés O, Alejandre L, Laguna A and Pérez-Saad H. NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FOUR MARINE PLANT EXTRACTS

143

P151 Garateix A, Salceda E, López O, Salazar H, Aneiros A, Zaharenko AJ, de Freitas JC and Soto E. PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Bunodosoma TOXINS ON VOLTAGE DEPENDENT SODIUM CHANNELS

143

P152 Santos Y, Díaz M, López T, Souto R, Rodríguez A, Martínez J, Castañeda O. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTIONS FROM THE CRUDE EXTRACT OF Condylactis gigantea, ACTING ON POTASSIUM CHANNELS

144

P153 Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Zangara A & Scholey AB. Northumbria University, UK. COGNITIVE AND MOOD EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND THEANINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION

144

P154 Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Zangara A, Luedemann J, Maggini S, Brewster-Maund C, Ruf M. EFFECTS OF A MULTIVITAMIN PREPARATION WITH GUARANÁ ON SUSTAINED MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL FATIGUE

145

P155 Oviedo VMO, García MG, Rincón JV, Guerrero MP. ALKALOID FRACTION OBTAINED FROM LEAVES OF Annona muricata WITH ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN MICE

145

P156 Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Calapai G. Rhodiola rosea IN MINOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS 145

P157 Reyes R, Marrero-Miragaya MA, Eirez M. MIGRAPRECOL AND MIGRAMENSTRUAL. MEDICINAL PLANTS FORMULATIONS IN MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS

146

P158 Monteagudo E, Cepero V, Mollineda A. Calendula officinalis: VARIATION TO THE METHODOLOGY OF EXTRACTS OBTENTION, CHARACTERIZATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE AND ACUTE TOXICITY

146

P159 Monteagudo E, Cepero V, Cordovés D, Verdecía B, Blanco F, Díaz L, Mollineda A. PHARMACOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Gracylaria cylindrica ALGAE

147

P160 Monteagudo E, Boffill M, Bermúdez D, Quesada D, Roca A, Verdecia B, Blanco F, Díaz L, Betancourt E. ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF SIX MEDICINAL PLANTS USING THREE ALTERNATIVE METHODS

147

P161 García Y, González R, Bourg V, González Y, González B, Mancebo A, Bada AM, Mier Y, Arteaga ME, González C, Hernández J. TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW ANTIANEMIC FORMULATION FROM NATURAL PRODUCT DRY TROFÍN®

148

P162 Boffill M, Lorenzo G, Sainz O, Sánchez C, Betancourt E. TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AN INFUSSION OF Bidens pilosa

148

P163 Peña D, Montes de Oca N, Rojas S, Parra A, García G. TOXICOLOGICAL PRE- CLINICAL EVALUATION OF Isocarpha cubana BLAKE

149

P164 Galán L, Souto RD, Ruiz Y, Lanio ME, Álvarez C, Álvarez JL. CARDIOTOXIC ACTIONS OF STHICHOLYSINS I AND II, TWO CYTOLYSINS ISOLATED FROM THE SEA ANEMONE Stichodactyla helianthus

149





11

P165 Fuentes JL, Alonso A, Cuetara E, Vernhe M, Álvarez N, Sánchez-Lamar A, Llagostera M. MEDICINAL PLANTS ASSESSING AS RADIOPROTECTORS USING SOS CHROMOTEST

150

P166 Dominguez A, Reyes L, García O, Macías B and Pérez L. TOXO- PLANT 1.0 TOXICOLOGY OF CUBAN MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION

150

P167 López M, García O, Hernández LC, Yera Y, Rodríguez A. NEUROTOXICAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLANTS. KNOWLEDGE IN DOCTORS AND PRACTITIONERS FROM EMPIRIC TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

151

P168 Alfonso A, Ramírez K, Betancourt J, Salas H, Puentes E, Domínguez A. EVALUATION OF ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY OF FIVE MEDICINAL HERBS BY MEANS OF AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD

151

P169 Lemos FO, Mello VJ, Cassali GD, Salas CE and Lopes MTP. PRE-CLINIC EVALUATION OF PROTEASES FROM C. candamarcensis AS DERMAL HEALING PRINCIPLES

152

P170 Campos A, Magos G, Rodríguez A, González C, Aguilar A y Martínez E. ESTUDIO FARMACOTOXICOLOGICO DE LOS EXTRACTOS SECOS OBTENIDOS DE LA SEMILLA DE Thevetia peruviana.

152

P171 Tapia R, Estrada M, Vega E, Lobato A, Alvarez C, Ortiz V, Velasco R. EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD TÓXICA DE DIVERSOS EXTRACTOS SOBRE Artemia salina

153

P172 Casillas IL, Dávalos KV, Hurtado M, Cruz A, Aguilar M A, Velasco-Lezama R, Alarcón F. VALORACIÓN CITO Y GENOTÓXICA DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE Psacalium peltatum (MATARIQUE) EN CULTIVOS DE LINFOCITOS HUMANOS

153

P173 Molina-Salinas G, Said-Fernández S. MICROENSAYO MODIFICADO DE TOXICIDAD SOBRE LARVAS DE Artemia salina 154

P174 Rodeiro I, Morffi J, Garrido G, Delgado R. MANGIFERIN, A GLUCOSYLXANTHONE EXTRACTED FROM Mangifera indica L. PROTECTS FROM INJURY INDUCED TO DNA: in vitro STUDIES

154

P175 Alfonso M, Quintela A, Lemus R, Garcia M. HEALING EFFECT OF THE SKIN- REGENERATED CREAM USING IN TRAUMATIC ULCERS OF WISTAR RATS LOWER MEMBERS

155

P176 Oruña L, Lago G, Coto G, Bousa P. PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A HYALURONIC ACID JELLY FOR THE WOUND HEALING

155

P177 Sánchez-Perera LM, Beringuer B, Martin-Calero MJ, Bulnes C, Escobar A, Carnesolta D, Remigio MA. PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF Rhizophora mangle L. AS ANTIULCEROGENIC POTENTIAL DRUG

156





12

PROGRAMA / PROGRAM LUNES, 20 DE NOVIEMBRE / MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20

12:30 Salida del Hotel Occidental Miramar, Ciudad de La Habana hacia Varadero / Departure from Occidental Miramar Hotel, Havana to Varadero.

14:30 Llegada a la Playa de Varadero / Arrival to Varadero Beach.

15:00 – 16:00

Recibimiento y Acreditación a Delegados. Ubicación en Habitaciones del Hotel Club Amigo y Blau-Varadero / Welcome and Accreditation to Delegates. Location in Rooms at the Club Amigo Hotel and Blau-Varadero.

16:00-16:20 Traslado a la Sala de Conferencias, Hotel Blau-Varadero / Transfer to the Room of Lectures, Hotel Blau-Varadero.

Sala de Conferencias /

Room of Lectures Hotel Blau-Varadero

Inauguración de los Simposios y Conferencia de Apertura / Inauguration of the Symposia and Opening Conference

Coordinadores / Coordinators:

René Delgado, Cuba & Elizabeth Williamson, UK.

16:30-16:50

Bienvenida de la Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología y el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba. / Welcome to delegates for the Cuban Pharmacology Society and Cuban Ministry of Heath.

Plenary Lecture 01

16:55-17:25

Michael Heinrich, University of London, UK. Ethnopharmacology and the Search for Novel Medicines and Health Foods. Are we Barking Up the Right Tree?

Plenary Lecture 02

17:30-18:00

Nancy Cabrera, National Center for Natural and Traditional Medicine, Cuba. Natural and Traditional Medicine: Integration to the National Health System in Cuba.

Plenary Lecture 03

18:05-18:35

Fulgencio D. Saura-Calixto, IF-CSIC, Spain. Antioxidant Dietary Fibers: A Potential Tool for Prevention of Oxidative Stress Associated Disease.

Plenary Lecture 04

18:40-19:10

Elizabeth M. Williamson, University of Reading, UK. Interactions between Herbal Medicines and Prescription Drugs.

19:30-21:30 CENA / DINNER

21:30

COCTEL DE BIENVENIDA / WELCOME RECEPTION





13


Sala de Conferencias / Room of Lectures

Hotel Blau-Varadero

Simposio: Investigación y Desarrollo de Productos Naturales / Symposium: Research & Development in Natural Products.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Gabino Garrido, Cuba & Michael Heinrich, UK.

Lecture 01 09:00-09:25 Raza Mohsin, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. Ethnopharmacology of Disease Prevention from Ancient Islamic Texts.

Lecture 02 09:30-09:55 Eric Buenz, Mayo Clinic, USA. Drug Discovery Through Historic Herbal Texts.

Lecture 03 10:00-10:25 Debprasad Chattopadhyay, ID & BG Hospital, India. Role and Scope of Ethnomedicinal Plants in the Development of Antivirals.

Lecture 04 10:30-10:55 Jeanne Y Ngogang, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of three Piper Species: A Comparative Study

Lecture 05 11:00-11:25 Gabino Garrido, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. New Cuban Natural Product from Stem Bark of Mangifera indica L (Vimang®). Preclinical Characterization and Therapeutic Potentials.

11:30-11:45 RECESO / COFFEE BREAK Salas / Rooms

1,2,3 11:50-13:30 COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

SALA 1 / ROOM 1

COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS (CO)

Simposio: Propóleos y sus Propiedades Terapéuticas / Symposium: Propolis and its Therapeutic Properties.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Isis Bermudez, Cuba & Nada Orsolic, Croatia.

CO-01 11:50-12:05 Nada Orsolic, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Effect of Propolis and its Polyphenolic/Flavonoids Compounds on DNA Damage induced by Radiation to Mouse Lymphocytes.

CO-02 12:10-12:25 Ivan Basic, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Cytotoxicity of Propolis and its Polyphenolic Compounds on Primary Culture of Human Urinary Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma.

CO-03 12:30-12:45 Isis Bermudez, University of Oriente, Cuba. Therapeutic Effectiveness of Ulceprol Cream. Results of a Multicentric Study.

CO-04 12:50-13:05 Vagner Rodrigues Santos, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Antimicrobial Activity of a Propolis Adhesive Formulation on Different Oral Pathogens.

CO-05 13:10-13:25 José Quincoces, Bandeirante University of São Paulo, Brazil. Natural Products in the Brazilian Propolis and their Synthetically Derived Present Antitumoral Properties.

13:30-14:30 ALMUERZO / LUNCH





14

SALA 2 / ROOM 2

11:50-13:30 COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

Symposio: Ensayos Clínicos en Productos Naturales / Symposium: Clinical Trials in Natural Products.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Elisa Aznar, Cuba & Farid A. Badria, Egypt.

CO-06 11:50-12:00 Fouad K. Habib, University of Edinburgh, UK. The Biological Activities of Serenoa Repens Extract in Human Prostate.

CO-07 12:05-12:15 Elisa Aznar, National Center of Bioproducts, Cuba. Oral Effectiveness of Two Pharmaceutical Forms with Ferrous Iron of Natural Origin (Trofin and Neotrofin) in the Treatment of the Ferropenic Anemia in Different Populational Groups.

CO-08 12:20-12:35 Octavio Fernadez-Limia, National Centre for Animal and Plant Heath, Cuba. Clinical Trials on the Efficacy of an Extract of Rhizophora mangle, L Bark Extract in Skin and Mucosa Wounds Healing.

CO-09 12:40-12:55 Bruce Barret, University of Wisconsin, USA. Echinacea and Ginseng for Immune Enhancement and Prevention of Respiratory Infection.

CO-10 13:00-13:10 Farid A. Badria, University of Mansoura, Egypt. Boswellia-Glycyrrhizin-Curcumin Preparation for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase I/II Trial.

13:30-14:30 ALMUERZO / LUNCH SALA 3 / ROOM 3

11:50-13:30 COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

Simposio: Extracto de la Corteza de Mangifera indica L. Nuevos Enfoques Farmacológicos / Symposium: Mangifera indica L Stem Bark Extract (Vimang®). New Pharmacological Approaches.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Patricia Hernández, Cuba & Gilberto Pardo, Cuba.

CO-11 11:50-12:00 Dagmar García, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Immunomodulatory Activities of Mangifera indica L Stem Bark and Mangiferin.

CO-12 12:05-12:15 Patricia Hernández, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Mangifera indica L. Extract Modulates TCR-Induced Nuclear Factor kB Signalling in Human T Lymphocytes.

CO-13 12:20-12:40 Yeny Lemus, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Neuroprotector Effect of Mangifera indica L Stem Bark Extract and its Glucosylxanthone Mangiferin in Murine Neuronal Cells.

CO-14 12:45-12:55 Rene Delgado, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Anti-Angiogenic Activity of Mangifera indica L. Stem Bark Extract and its Glucosylxanthone Mangiferin.

CO-15 13:00-13:10 Gilberto Pardo, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Fe(III) Shifts the Mitochondria Permeability Transition-Eliciting Capacity of Mangiferin, to Organelle’s Protection. A Potential Protective Mechanism Towards Prooxidant Action of Catechol-Containing Antioxidants.

CO-16 13:15-13:25 Mariela Guevara, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Results of the Research with Mangifera indica Extract (VIMANG®): From Ethnomedicine to the First Clinical Trials.






15

15:00-18:00 Actividades Recreativas y Libre Intercambio entre Delegados. / Recreational Activities and Free Exchange Inter Delegates.


20:30-21:30 SECCIÓN DE CARTELES / SECTION OF POSTERS Coordinadores / Coordinators: Ricardo González, Nelson Merino, Roberto Menéndez, Odalys Blanco and

Idania Rodeiro, Cuba.

20:30-21:30 Discusión de Carteles (P001-P090) e Intercambio Científico. Presentación Oral (5 min) de Carteles Seleccionados / Poster discusión (P001-P090) and Scientific Exchange. Oral Presentation (5 min) of Selected Posters.

CO-17 20:30-21:00 Presentación y Comercialización del Compendio Informativo: / Presentation and Commercialization of Compendium:

PLANT MEDICINAL: COMPILATION OF CUBAN AUTHORS SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. Ricardo Castro, Drug Research and Development Center, Cuba.

21:30-23:30 Degustación de Rones Cubanos. Música y Karaoke. Clases de Bailes Impartida por Fitofarmacólogos Cubanos / Tasting of Cuban Rums. Music and Karaoke. Performance of Cuban Phytopharmacologist that Showing Typical Dances.





16



Hotel Blau-Varadero

Simposio: Efectos Comportamentales y Cognitivos de Nutracéuticos. Extractos Herbales en Humanos / Symposium: Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Nutraceuticals. Herbal Extracts in Humans

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Andrea Zangara, UK & Olga Castañeda, Cuba.

Lecture 06 09:00-09:20 Andrew Scholey, Northumbria University, UK. Effects of Natural Products on Effortful Mental Processing.

Lecture 07 09:25-09:45 Brian Saxby, CDR House, UK. The Effects of Galantamine on Attention in the Dementias.

Lecture 08 09:50-10:10 Ed Okello, Newcastle University, UK. Phytotherapeutical Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease.

Lecture 09 10:15-10:35 Silvia Maggini and Michael Ruf, Bayer Consumer Care AG, Switzerland. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Mental Performance.

CO 18 10:40-10:50 Mo Zhi Xian, Southern Medical University, China. Effects of Rhynchophylline on Rat Cortical Neurons Stressed by Methamphetamine.

CO 19 11:55-11:05 Zoriah Aziz, University of Malaya, Malaysia. The Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Mitragyna speciosa Extract in Rats.

CO 20 11:10-11:25 Bohdan W. Wasilewski. Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Psychosomatic Institute, Poland. Behavioural and Therapeutic Effects of Ignatia amara Containing Complex Homeopathic Remedies.

11:30-11:45 RECESO / COFFEE BREAK Salas / Rooms

1,2,3 11:50-13:30 COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

SALA 1 / ROOM 1

11:50-13:30 COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS:

Simposio: Investigación Pre-clínica en Productos Naturales / Symposium: Pre-clinical Research in Natural Products.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Odalys Blanco, Cuba & Guy Haegeman, Belgium.

CO-21 11:50-12:00 Odalys Blanco-Hidalgo, National Centre for Animal and Plant Heath, Cuba. Surfacen and SP-A: Preclinical Research in ARDS.

CO-22 12:05-12:15 Muhammad Zafarullah, University of Montreal, Canada. Curcumin, Nordihydrguiaretic Acid, Quercetin and Resveratrol Inhibit Interleukin-1-induced ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) Gene Expression by in Articular Chondrocytes: Natural Products as Potential Anti-arthritic Agents.

CO-23 12:20-12:35 Guy Haegeman, University of Ghent, Belgium. A Novel, Fully Dissociated Compound of Plant Origin for Inflammatory Gene Repression

CO-24 12:40-12:55 Sergey Popov, Komi Science Centre, Russia. Isolation, Characterization and Immunomodulating Effect of Pectic Polysaccharides

CO-25 13:00-13:10 Liselotte Krenn, University of Vienna, Austria. Chemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Metaxya rostrata

CO-26 13:15-13:25 Mieczyslaw Pokorski. Medical Research Center, Polish Academy Sciences, Poland. Ascorbate And Hypoxic Respiratory Reactivity.






17

SALA 2 / ROOM 2


Symposio: Evaluación Farmacológica en Productos Naturales / Symposium: Pharmacological Evaluation of Natural Products.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Zullyt Zamora, Cuba & Julia Serkedjieva, Bulgaria.

CO-27 11:50-12:00 Julia Serkedjieva, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria. A Plant Polyphenol Extract Ameliorates the Dysfunctions of Alveolar Macrophages in Influenza Virus-infected Mice.

CO-28 12:05-12:15 Zullyt Zamora, Ozone Research Center, Cuba. Ozone Oxidative Preconditioning Reduce Multiorgan Damage and Stimulate Antioxidant System in Peritoneal Sepsis Induced in Rats.

CO-29 12:20-12:35 Rao Zahid Abbas, University of Agriculture, Pakistan. Anticoccidial Screening of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in Broilers.

CO-30 12:40-12:55 Abdul Manan Mat Jais, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Commercialization of Haruan Channa striatus Biomedical Products

CO-31 13:15-13:25 José L. Martínez, Managing Editor of BLACPMA, Chile. History of Latin-American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (BLACPMA).


SALA 3 / ROOM 3


Simposio: Acción Cardiovascular de Productos Naturales / Symposium: Cardiovascular Action of Natural Products.

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Milagros Garcia, Cuba & Olga Pechanova, Slovak.

CO-32 11:50-12:05 Milagros Garcia, Institute of Angiology, Cuba. Natural Antiplatelet Agents.

CO-33 12:10-12:25 Daniela Costa, University of Minho, Portugal. Evaluation of Platelet Anti-aggregant Effect of Hypericum perforatum Extracts and Isolated Compounds.

CO-34 12:30-12:45 Tatu A. Miettinen, Biomedicum/Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. Serum Squalene and Non-Cholesterol Sterols Related to Cholesterol Synthesis and Absorption in Type 2 Diabetes.

CO-35 12:50-13:05 Olga Pechanova, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak. Red Wine Polyphenols Prevent Cardiovascular Alterations in Experimental Hypertension: Molecular Mechanism.

CO-36 13:10-13:25 Nesrin Kartal-Özer, Marmara University, Turkey. Vitamin E Prevents Foam Cell Formation and Development of Atherosclerosis.






18

15:00-18:00 Actividades Recreativas y Libre Intercambio entre Delegados. / Recreational

Activities and Free Exchange Inter Delegates. 18:30-20:20 CENA / DINNER



20:30-21:30 Discusión de Carteles (P091-P177) e Intercambio Científico. Presentación Oral (5 min) de Carteles Seleccionados / Poster discusión (P091-P177) and Scientific Exchange. Oral Presentation (5 min) of Selected Posters.

CO-37 Presentación del Centro de Toxicologia y Biomedicina de Santiago de Cuba. Perpectivas de Desarrollo en las Investigaciones con Productos Naturales. / Presentation of Center of Toxicological and Biomedical Investigation of Santiago de Cuba. Development Perspectives in the Investigations with Natural Products.

Delegados de TOXIMED, Santiago de Cuba. / Delegates from TOXIMED, Santiago de Cuba.

21:00-21:30 Reunión del Comité Editorial del Boletin Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas (BLACPMA) / Meeting of the Editorial Committee of the Latin-American and Caribbean Bulletin of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (BLACPMA).

21:30-23:30 Música Cubana. Saludos Especiales a Delegados / Cuban Music. Special Greetings to Delegates.





19



Hotel Blau-Varadero

Simposio: Biodiversidad Marina Caribeña como Fuente de Nuevos Compuestos de Interés Biomédico y otras Aplicaciones Industriales. / Symposium: Caribbean Marine Biodiversity as a Source of New Compounds of Biomedical Interest and others Industrial Applications

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Roberto Nuñez, Cuba & Anoland Garateix, Cuba. Patrocinadores / Sponsors Center of Marine Bioproducts (CEBIMAR), Cuban Society of Pharmacology,

Cátedra Latinoamericana de Cerebro y Productos Naturales (LANBIO, AFASSA)

Lecture 10 09:00-09:20 José Espinosa, Institute of Oceanology, Cuba. Caribbean Marine Biodiversity.

Lecture 11 09:25-09:45 Armando Rodríguez, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Peptides Obtained from Marine Organisms Useful for Biomedical Research.

Lecture 12 09:50-10:10 Abilio Laguna, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Chemistry Diversity of Compounds Obtained from Marine Macro Organisms.

Lecture 13 10:15-10:35 Mirtha Llanio, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Anti-Oxidant Obtained from Marine Source: Reality and Future.

Lecture 14 10:40-11:00 Olga Valdés, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Extracts From Caribbean Seaweeds as Potential Antitumourals.

Lecture 15 11:05-11:25 Anoland Garateix, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Marine Organisms as Sources of Neuropharmacologically Active Compounds.

11:30-11:45 RECESO / COFFEE BREAK Salas/Rooms

1,2,3 11:50-13:30 Continuación del Simposio y COMUNICACIONES ORALES / Continuation of

Symposium and ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

SALA 1 / ROOM 1

Segunda Parte / Second Part:

Simposio: Biodiversidad Marina Caribeña… / Symposium: Caribbean Marine Biodiversity…

Lecture 16 11:50-12:10 Olga Castañeda, University of Havana, Cuba. Agonist Ligands of Neural NACHR in Low Molecular Weight Fractions from the Tentacles Extract of the Pelagic Coelenterate Colony Physalia physalis.

Lecture 17 12:15-12:35 Eudalys Ortiz, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Compounds with Pharmacological Activity Obtained from Marine Micro-Organisms.

Lecture 18 12:40-12:55 Roberto Núñez, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Results of The Bioremediation Studies Developed at CEBIMAR and its Applications.

Lecture 19 13:00-13:25 Abilio Laguna, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Cuba. Cosmetics Obtained From The Sea. A Cuban Experience.






20

SALA 2 / ROOM 2


Symposio: Actividad Anticancerígena en Productos Naturales / Symposium: Anticancer Activity in Natural Products

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Rosanna Baez, Cuba & Gerda Fouche, South Africa.

CO-38 11:50-12:00 Ursula Elsässer-Beile, University of Freiburg, Germany. Immunological Effects of an Echinacea purpurea Extract in Patients with Breast Cancer.

CO-39 12:05-12:15 Gerda Fouche, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa. Investigation of South African Plants for Anti-cancer Properties.

CO-40 12:20-12:30 Patrick Buehler, University of Freiburg, Germany. Intravesical Mistletoe Extract for Adjuvant Treatment of Superficial Urinary Bladder Cancer.

CO-41 12:35-12:45 Rosanna Baez, Medical Sciences Faculty of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Antitumoral and Antimetastatic Evaluation of the Bromelina Obtained from Stems of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merrill).

CO-42 12:50-13:00 Rongmin Yu, Jinan University, China. Isolation and Characterization of Cytotoxic Polypeptides from Marine Organism GYRM-12s.

CO-43 13:05-13-15 Peter Taylor, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Investigations, Venezuela. Cytotoxic and Antitumour Activities of Venezuelan Plant Extracts in vitro and in vivo.


SALA 3 / ROOM 3

COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS:

Symposio: Seguridad, Interacciones y Reacciones Adversas de Productos Naturales / Symposium: Safety, Interactions and Adverse Reactions of Natural Products

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Giset Jimenez, Cuba & Fabio Firenzuoli, Italy.

CO-44 11:50-12:05 Fabio Firenzuoli, San Giuseppe Hospital, Italy. Cimicifuga racemosa radix Hepatic Safety

CO-45 12:10-12:25 Brent Bauer, Mayo Clinic, USA. Herbs and Dietary Supplements and How They Are Used in the US. Applications for Arthritis, Depression, and Drug-Herb Interactions.

CO-46 12:30-12:45 Harpal S. Buttar, Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, Canada. Drug-Herbal/Food Interactions Counseling Can Reduce the Adverse Events in Sensitive Patient Populations.

CO-47 12:50-13:05 Dulce M. Calvo, Pharmacoepidemiology Development Center, Cuba. Therapeutic Consultation Service: An Information Source about Natural Products.

CO-48 13:10-13:25 Giset Jiménez, Pharmacoepidemiology Development Center, Cuba. Three Years of Follow up of Suspect Adverse Drug Reactions with Herbal and Traditional Products in Cuba






21

15:00-18:00 Actividades Recreativas y Libre Intercambio entre Delegados / Recreational Activities and Free Exchange Inter Delegates.


CO-49 20:30-21:00 Ulises Jáuregui, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. Presentación del Centro de Química Farmacéutica. Estrategias de Investigación y Desarrollo en Productos Naturales. / Presentation of Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Strategies of Research & Development in Natural Products.

CO-50 21:00-21:30 Jorge E. Rodríguez-Chanfrau, Drug Research and Development Center, Cuba. Presentación del Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo de Medicamentos. Estrategias Científicas en Productos Naturales. / Drug Research and Development Center. Scientific Strategy in Natural Products.

21:30-23:00 ACTIVIDAD DE DESPEDIDA / FAREWELL ACTIVITY





22



Hotel Blau-Varadero

PLENARY of CLOSING

Coordinadores / Coordinators: Francisco Morón & Evangelina Marrero, Cuba.

Plenary Lecture 05

09:00-09:30 Francisco Morón, Faculty of Medicine “Salvador Allende”, Cuba. The Cuban Program of Medicinal Plant of the Ministry of Heath. A Reality and a Challenge for the Growing Development of the Pharmacology of the Natural Products.

Plenary Lecture 06

09:35-10:00 Evangelina Marrero, National Centre for Animal and Plant Heath, Cuba. Phytopharmaceuticals: Veterinary and Human Novel Therapeutic Tools.

Plenary Lecture 07

10:05-10:35 Jean-Jacques Dugoua, Toronto Western Hospital, Canada. Safety and Efficacy of Commonly Used Herbs, Vitamins and Supplements During Pregnancy and Lactation – An Evidence-Based Systematic Review.

Plenary Lecture 08

10:40-11:10 José María Prieto, University of London, UK. Cannabis: A Traditional Herbal Medicine Back into the Pharmacy

11:15-11:30 RECESO / COFFEE BREAK

Plenary Lecture 09

11:35-12:05 Semir Omar, Health Canada, Canada. Pre-market Assessment of Natural Health Products in Canada.

Plenary Lecture 10

12:10-12:40 Diadelis Remírez, National Centre of the State Quality Control of Drugs, Cuba. Regulatory Status of Herbal Medicines in Cuba.

12:45-13:15 CONFERENCIA DE CLAUSURA / CLOSING CONFERENCE

13:20-13:30

Santiago de Cuba Delegation. Relatoría de las Principales Actividades Desarrolladas durante FAPRONATURA 2006 / Summary of Principal Activities Developed during FAPRONATURA 2006.

René Delgado, Cuban Society of Pharmacology, Cuba. Premios y Reconocimientos de la Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología a los Mejores Trabajos Presentados en FAPRONATURA 2006 / Awards and Recognitions of the Cuban Society of Pharmacology to the Best Works Presented in FAPRONATURA 2006.


16:00 Salida / Departure





23

SECCIÓN DE CARTELES / SECTION OF POSTERS




P001-P090 20:30-21:30 Discusión de Carteles e Intercambio Científico. Presentación Oral (5 min) de Carteles Seleccionados / Poster Discussion and Scientific Exchange. Oral Presentation (5 min) of Selected Posters.

P001 Casado C, Gutiérrez Y, Miranda M, Garcia G. Havana University, Cuba. Murraya paniculata, AN

ALTERNATIVE OF THE NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE TO THE DOORS OF THE PHYTOTHERAPY.

P002 Verzelloni E, Russo F, Agostini G, Manica P, Conte A. University of Pisa, Italy. SERUM HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS SERUM HYALURONIDASE AND URINARY GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS IN GONARTHROSIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH GRASS THERMAL THERAPY

P003 Patacchioli FR, Monnazzi P, Simeoni S, Colorisco G, De Filippis S, and Martelletti P. University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy. STRESS HORMONES IN CHRONIC MIGRAINE ARE MODULATED BY BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A

P004 Santos VR, França EC, Oliveira RR, Cortés ME, Brandão MGL. College of Odontologia, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS TO ESSENTIAL OILS OF BRAZILIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS.

P005 Schwambach CW, França EC, Oliveira RR, Cortés ME, Brandão MGL, Santos VR. College of Odontologia, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENS MICROORGANISMS TO Casearia sylvestris AND Stryphnodendron adstringens EXTRACTS

P006 Lima MEL, Cordeiro I, Young MCM, Sobral MEG, Moreno PRH. University of Sāo Paulo, Brazil. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM TWO SPECIMENS OF Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (MYRTACEAE) NATIVE FROM SÃO PAULO STATE – BRAZIL

P007 Apel MA, Lima MEL, Souza A, Cordeiro I, Young MCM, Sobral MEG, Suffredini IB, Moreno PRH. University of Sāo Paulo, Brazil. SCREENING OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY FROM ESSENTIAL OILS OF NATIVE SPECIES FROM THE ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST (SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL)

P008 Baró-Suárez M, Pedroso-Iglesias R, Menéndez-Hernández J, Domerego R, Cherbuliez T, Armesto-del Río M, Hernández-Rubiera J, Llano-Labrador B, De La Rosa-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Piñero A, Prado-González GL, Lazo M, González-Delgado JP. Finlay Institute, Cuba. THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF TWO FORMULATIONS OF AROMIELES AND ONE FORMULATION OF PROPOMIEL

P009 Echemendía OA, Almora E, Martínez I, Fidalgo O, González K, González JA, Lago V. Finlay Institute, Cuba. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A PRODUCT ISOLATED FROM Zanthoxylum elephantiasis

P010 Perera-Córdova WH, González-Mesa L, Payo-Hill AL, Nogueiras-Lima C, Oquendo-Suárez M and Sarduy-Domínguez R. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Cuba. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED FROM LEAVES OF Pluchea carolinensis (JACQ.) G. DON.

P011 Chevalier P, Nogueiras C. Universidad del Deporte, Camagüey, Cuba. ENDEMIC Phyllanthus OF CUBA. MEDICAL POTENTIALITIES

P012 Jaramillo C, Mora C, Bravo K, Muñoz K, Arango G, Quijano J. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. ESTUDIO TEORICO DE COMPUESTOS AROMATICOS CON ACTIVIDAD INHIBITORIA DE LA FORMACION DE β-HEMATINA





24

P013 Setzer W, Schmidt J, Noletto J, Vogler B. University of Alabama, USA. LEAF OIL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF ABACO BUSH MEDICINES

P014 Setzer W, Takaku S, Stokes S, Penton A. University of Alabama, USA. INHIBITION OF CRUZAIN BY Ocotea LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA

P015 León-Díaz R, Meckes Fisher M, Luna-Herrera J, Said-Fernández S, Molina-Salinas G, Jiménez-Arellanes A. IMSS, México. TOXICIDAD DE NEOLIGNANOS AISLADOS DE Aristolochia taliscana CON ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICOBACTERIANA

P016 Jiménez-Arellanes A, Martinez R, León Díaz R, Luna J, Said-Fernández S, Molina-Salinas G, Meckes M. IMSS, México. POTENCIAL ANTITUBERCULOSO DE LA ESPECIE MEDICINAL Thymus vulgaris

P017 Cornejo-Garrido J, Jimenez-Arellanes A, Meckes-Fischer M, Rojas-Bibriesca G, Nicasio-Torres P, Tortoriello-García J, Said-Fernandez S, Mata-García B. IMSS, México. POTENCIAL FARMACOLÓGICO DE LA ESPECIE Rubus liebmanii MICROPROPAGADA Y BIOMASA DE CALLO

P018 Muñoz K, Fernandez G, Alzate F, Arango G, Segura C, Bravo K. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. INHIBITION OF A SPECIFIC ANTIMALARIAL MOLECULAR TARGET AND CORELATION WITH THE ACTIVITY AGAINST P. falciparum AS SELECTION CRITERIA OF POTENTIAL ANTIMALARIALS FROM NATURAL SOURCES

P019 Jaramillo MC, Mora CL, Vélez LE, Arango GJ. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. EVALUACION BIOLOGICA DE COMPUESTOS AROMATICOS COMO INHIBIDORES DE Beta-LACTAMASA

P020 Osorio E, Brun R, Viladomat F, Codina C, Cabezas F and Bastida J. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. In vitro ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF ALKALOIDS FROM Phaedranassa dubia (AMARYLLIDACEAE)

P021 Clavin M, Yardley V, Croft S, Anke T & Martino V. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSAY GUIDED FRACTIONATION OF Eupatorium arnottianum EXTRACTS

P022 Vivot E, Muñoz JD, Herrero I, Dragán A and Sequin C. Universidad Nacional Entre Ríos, Argentina. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACTS OF ELEVEN PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF ENTRE RÍOS (ARGENTINA)

P023 Rando DG, Ferreira EI, Avery MA. Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. ANTI-CHAGASIC AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF 5-NITRO- HETEROCYCLIC BENHYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES OBTAINED BY PARALLEL SYNTHESIS

P024 González-Lavaut JA, Prieto-González S, Garrido-Garrido G, García-Torres M, González-Guevara JL, González-García K, Monteagudo-Borges R, Rivas-de la Vega Y, Gordo-Alvarez O, Echemendía-Arana OA, Pino-Rodríguez S. Centre of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Cuba. ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY Of CUBAN VEGETABLE SPECIES

P025 Monteagudo-Borges R, García-Torres M, Hidalgo-Perera O, Echemendía-Arana OA, Bolaños-Queral G, Lago-Abascal V, González-Lavaut JA and González-Guevara J. Finlay Institute, Cuba. ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTACTS FROM Erythroxylum GENUS AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2

P026 García-Torres M, Monteagudo-Borges R, Fidalgo-Perera O, Echemendía-Arana OA, Bolaños-Queral G, Lago-Abascal V, Almora-Hernández E, González-Guevara J and González-Lavaut JA. Finlay Institute, Cuba. EVALUATION OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS FROM Erythroxylum minutifolium AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2

P027 Megret R, Torres MA. Oriente University, Cuba. ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION IN VIVO OF Spirulina platensis

P028 Megret R, Torres MA. Oriente University, Cuba. SCAVENGER THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY Spirulina platensis

P029 Delaporte RH, Sarragiotto MH, Takemura OS, Sánchez GM, Pérez Davison G, Filho BPD, Nakamura CV. Havana University, Cuba. EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOEDEMATOGENIC, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF AERIAL PARTS OF Tillandsia streptocarpa (BROMELIACECEAE)

P030 González TL, Abreu P, Matthew S, Costa D, Segundo M and Fernandes E. Oriente University,





25

Cuba. BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPOUNDS FROM Pedilanthus tithymaloides

P031 Anesini C, Turner S, Mauele MG, Ferraro G, and Filip R. IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Argentina. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CAFFEINE ISOLATED FROM Ilex paraguariensis ON PEROXIDASE SECRETION IN RAT SUBMANDIBULARY GLANDS

P032 Pardo-Andreu GL, Ávila R, Delgado R. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. MANGIFERIN INTERACTION WITH MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN THIOL GROUPS AND GLUTATHIONE. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITIES

P033 Pardo-Andreu GL, Sánchez-Baldoquín C, Ávila-González R, Delgado R, Naal Z, Curti C. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. MANGIFERIN- FE(III) COMPLEX: CHEMICAL EVIDENCE, SUPEROXIDE SCAVENGING ACTIVITY AND CYTOPROTECTION

P034 Nikolic J, Kocic G, Jevtovic-Stojmenov T. University of Nis, Serbia. EFFECT OF BIOFLAVONOID LESPEFLAN ON XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN MERCURY CHLORIDE TOXICITY

P035 Rodríguez CC, Martínez G, Canell Y, Safonts L. LABIOFAM, Cuba. ACUTE TOXICITY, HYPOGLUCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF Allophylus cominia (L) sw.

P036 Pérez MR, Guevara I, López Y, Martínez G, Merino N, Álvarez D, León OS. LABIOFAM, Cuba. ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION OF Musa paradisiaca EXTRACT. (AcitanÒ) IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL INJURY INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS.

P037 Nebel S, Leonti M, Nilsson H & Heinrich M. University of London, UK. LOCAL MEDITERRANEAN FOOD AS A SOURCE OF NOVEL ANTI-OXIDANTS

P038 Verzelloni E, Tagliazucchi D, Panicucci E, Conte A. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND THE PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN TRADITIONAL BALSAMIC VINEGAR

P039 Jendeková L, Kojsová S, Pechánová O. Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak. VASORELAXATION RESPONSES INDUCED BY RED WINE POLYPHENOLS: THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE

P040 Pechánová O, Zenebe W, Andriantsitohaina R. Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak. THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ACETOVANILLONE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BORDERLINE AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION

P041 Şener G, Tavşu F, Çetinel Ş, Yeğen BÇ. Marmara University, Turkey. LYCOPENE PROTECTS AGAINST BURN- INDUCED OXIDATIVE SKIN INJURY IN RATS

P042 García L, Abajo C, del Campo J, Mitjans M, Marrero E and Vinardell MP. CENSA, Cuba. ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF LIGMED- A ON HUMANE ERITHROCYTES in vitro

P043 Gonçalves RT, Lima RD, Abreu ACA, Jeffreys MF, Pereira Jr. OL, Nunez CV. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil. CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE COUSSAPOA Asperifolia magnifolia (TRÉCUL) AKKERMANS & C.C. BERG (CECROPIACEAE) Y Brosimum parinarioides DUCKE (MORACEAE)

P044 Montoya G, Londoño J, Osorio E, Jaramillo C, Yassin L, Aarango G. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. MECANISMO DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y ANTIATEROGÉNICA DE MONOTERPENOS AROMÁTICOS: CARVACROL, TIMOL Y DERIVADOS HEMISINTÉTICOS

P045 de la Paz J, Larionova M, Maceira MA, Borrego SF, Echevarría E. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, Cuba. CONTROL OF BIODERIORATION USING A FRACTION ISOLATED FROM LEAFS OF Ricinus commmunis Linn

P046 Guiamet P, Gómez de Saravia S, Arenas P, Battistoni P and Pérez ML, de la Paz J, Borrego S. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN IN THE CONTROL OF BIODETERIORATION

P047 Del Toro G, Trapero YM. Oriente University, Cuba. NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF PUBLIC HEALTH. BIOETICS ASPECTS

P048 Aguila M, Pérez I, Hernández A, Rodríguez A, Batista J, Acosta N. ISCM Camaguey, Cuba. EFFICACY OF GARLIC CAPSULES IN THE STABLE CHEST ANGINA

P049 Vogler B, Cholewa L, Schmidt J, Setzer W. University of Alabama, USA. CYTOTOXIC FLAVONOIDS





26

FROM THE BARK OF Lonchocarpus haberi FROM MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA P050 Muñoz K, Sierra J, Londoño J, Arango G, Arenas J, Mira L, Ochoa J. Universidad de Antioquia,

Colombia. SCREENING BIOACTIVES FROM VEGETAL SOURCES AS POTENTIAL SKIN LIGHTENING AGENTS USING AN ENZYMATIC MODEL OF TYROSINASE INHIBITION, CORRELATIONS AMONGST ACTIVITY, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND CYTOTOXICITY

P051 Londoño J, Arango G, Ramírez R. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. BÚSQUEDA RACIONAL DE INHIBIDORES DE LA ENZIMA TRANSPORTADORA DE ESTERES DE COLESTERILO (CETP) COMO POTENCIALES ANTIATEROGÉNICOS QUE MODIFIQUEN EL PERFIL HDL/LDL

P052 Fleitas A, Derivet Ml, Simón M, Rodríguez G, Concepción BI. Instituto Nacional de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Cuba. EFFECT OF (FZ) GLICOLIT ON KINETIC OF ABSORPTION OF LABELED 14C GLUCOSE IN WISTAR RATS

P053 Fleitas AS. Instituto Nacional de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Cuba. DEVELOPMENT OF A NATURAL SUBSTANCE AS AN ANTI-HIPERGLICEMIANT DRUG FOR GLICEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

P054 Badria FA, Abou-Seif M, Osama M, and Ahmed AF. Mansoura University, Egypt. EVALUATION OF THE HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF Balanites aegyptiaca ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

P055 Ortiz-Andrade RR, Castillo-España P, Sánchez-Salgado JC, Villalobos-Molina R, Ramírez-Ávila G y Estrada-Soto S. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México. EFECTO ANTIDIABETICO DE Cochlospermum vitifolium y Tournefortia hartwegiana: AGENTES ANTIHIPERGLICEMICOS VIA INHIBICION DE ALFA- GLUCOSIDASAS INTESTINALES

P056 Erazo JC, Aguilar L, Aranda E y Nicasio P. IMSS, México. ACTIVIDAD Y CONTENIDO DE COMPUESTOS HIPOGLUCEMIANTES DE DOS ESPECIES CONOCIDAS COMO “GUARUMBO”: Cecropia peltata Y Cecropia obtusifolia

P057 Jabbar-Shah A, Usman IS, Hassan-Gilani A. The Aga Khan University Medical College, Pakistan. PRESENCE OF SPASMOLYTIC CONSTITUENTS IN Gratiola officinalis

P058 Iglesias E, Herrera R, Ferrándiz D, León MC, Turiño J, Ramírez A. ISCM Camaguey, Cuba. PRECLINIC STUDIES OF THREE DIURETIC PLANTS OF TRADITIONAL USE IN CUBA

P059 Boffill M, Lorenzo G, Monteagudo E, Sueiro M, Matos J. ISCM Villa Clara, Cuba. DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED POPULARLY IN CUBA

P060 Barreiro AV, Jacas J. LABEX, Cuba. PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE DIURETICAL EFFECT OF Lepidium virginicum L

P061 Pérez I, Fields AM, Churches AND, Herrera R, Eagle M, García L. ISCM Camaguey, Cuba. ACUTE TOXICITY AND DIURETIC EFFECT OF THE Commelina elegans H. B. K. (TUBE)

P062 Pérez I, Olivera O, Reynaldo I, Batista J, Grinión LE, Pestano Y. ISCM Camaguey, Cuba. ACUTE TOXICITY AND DIURETIC EFFECT DE Bryophyllum pinnatum LAM (EVERLASTING FLOWER)

P063 León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, García-Rodríguez R. FCM Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. THE VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY IN THE TEACHING OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY. A THREE YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

P064 Contreras E, Castañeda S. UNAM, México. LA FARMACOLOGÍA EN EL CONTEXTO DEL APRENDIZAJE DE LAS CIENCIAS BÁSICAS Y LA ORIENTACIÓN MOTIVACIONAL DEL ESTUDIANTE

P065 Aguila L, García G. Policlínico Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, Cuba. PROPERTIES OF THE Aloe IN THE RECURRENT STOMATITIS

P066 Ferrándiz D, Padilla M, Iglesias E. ISCM Camaguey, Cuba. PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF A STANDARDIZED EXTRACT OF THE Allium sativum L. TO 20% FOR ITS USE IN STOMATOLOGY

P067 León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, Gonzalez-Valdivia G. FCM Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. OPINIONS OF PATIENTS FROM SANCTI SPIRITUS AND LA SIERPE MUNICIPALITIES ABOUT MEDICINAL HERBS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL DRUGS

P068 León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, Gonzalez-Valdivia G. FCM Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. KNOWLEDGE AND OPINIONS OF DOCTORS FROM SANCTI SPIRITUS AND LA SIERPE MUNICIPALITIES ABOUT PHYTOTHERAPY





27

P069 Ricardo M, Valls AR. Empresa de Farmacia y Óptica Camaguey, Cuba. USE OF THE HERBALIST TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE MUNICIPALITY JIMAGUAYU OF CAMAGUEY

P070 Pérez-Valerino DR, Espronceda-Reyes A. Finlay Institute, Cuba. EVALUATION OF CONSUME OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE HEALTH AREA OF RENE VALLEJO CLINIC, BAYAMO CITY SINCE JANUARY TO MAY, 2006

P071 Espronceda-Reyes A, Perez-Valerino DR. Dirección Provincial de Salud Granma, Cuba. MEDICINAL PLANTS USED AGAINST ANTI- PARASITE DISEASES. EVALUATION OF ITS USE IN A HEALTH AREA

P072 Pérez de Arce R, Herrera C, Coria Y, Leal B, Probst U, Villena L, Norambuena F, León J, Curaqueo R, Meza I, Barrera E, Martínez JL. Liceo de Aplicación, Universidad Iberoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología, Chile. ETHNOPHARMACOBOTANICAL STUDY OF A URBAN POPULATION AT THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE

P073 López M, Pérez M, Martin Y, Marrero R. Municipal Santo Domingo Farmacy, Villa Clara, Cuba. USE AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS EMPLOYEES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE ACUTE DIARRHEIC ILLNESSES

P074 López M, Santos M. Municipal Santo Domingo Farmacy, Villa Clara, Cuba. MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PREGNANCE

P075 Ferrer Y, Miranda M, García V. Havana University, Cuba. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROFESSIONALS OF THE HEALTH AND THE POPULATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY LA LISA IN RELATION TO THE KNOWLEDGE THAT POSSESS ON MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PHYTOTHERAPY

P076 Lacoste MJ, Rodríguez Téllez S, López del Rosario G. Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Eduardo Agramonte Piña, Cuba. NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. ACCEPTANCE ON PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

P077 Griñan D, Saumell Y, Perdomo D, Ortiz L. ISCM Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. USE OF PHYTOMEDICINES AT ¨GUSTAVO MACHIN¨ HOSPITAL

P078 Saumell Y, Lores D, Griñan D, Perdomo D. ISCM Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. RATIONAL USE OF DIETETIC SUPPLEMENTS

P079 Melgarejo López N, Álvarez Bustamante G, Alonso Abad A. Centro de Medicina Tradicional y Natural "Jesús Montané Oropesa", Cuba. PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC PRESCRIPTION IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

P080 Marrero-Miragaya MA. CENCEC, Cuba. CLINICAL TRIALS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS P081 Pérez M, Cid M, Méndez R, Rodríguez M, Arboláez M. ISCM Villa Clara, Cuba. PROPOSAL OF

GUIDELINE FOR THE REALIZATION OF CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOLS WITH HERBAL DRUGS

P082 Cedeño E, Sierra L. ISCM Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. GUIDE OF NATURAL MEDICATIONS FOR THE FAMILY ´S USE

P083 González Y, Boffill MA, Bermúdez D, Castillo O, Iglesias N. ISCM Villa Clara, Cuba. EFFECTS OF Solanum melongena AND Plantago major EXTRACTS ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES

P084 Tagliazucchi D, Verzelloni E, Ghelardoni S, Pini E, Maltinti S, Ronca G, Conte A. University of Pisa, Italy. EFFECT OF CHAIN LENGTH AND ALDEHYDIC FUNCTION ON SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PARROPOLYENES

P085 Aznar GE, González HR, Catalá M, Barroso E, González M, Díaz BY. Biocen, Cuba. CLINICAL TRIAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS TROFIN/BIOTROFER FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANEMIA IN CANCER PATIENTS.

P086 González HR, Aznar GE. Biocen, Cuba. IRON ABSORTION AND EFFICACY THE ANTIANEMICS IRTROFIN/BIOTROFER AND DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS

P087 Velasco R, González C, Tapia R, Román R. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México. HEMATOPOIETIC ACTIVITY OF Smilax aristolochiaefolia IN VITRO AND VIVO

P088 Gori L, Firenzuoli F, Lombardo G. Centre of Natural Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Italy. Ginkgo biloba SAFETY ISSUE: COAGULATION

P089 Janega P, Líšková S, Uličná O, Vančová O, Greksák M, Babál P, Pechánová O. Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovack. EFFECT OF ROOIBOS TEA ON LIVER DAMAGE INDUCED BY EXPERIMENTAL TOXIC INJURY





28

P090 Ozel Y, Dulundu E, Topalaoglu U, Toklu H, Gedik N, Ercan F, Şener G. Marmara University, Turkey. HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN BILIARY- OBSTRUCTED RATS IS PREVENTED BY GRAPE SEED EXTRACT TREATMENT




P091-P177 20:30-21:30 Discusión de Carteles e Intercambio Científico. Presentación Oral (5 min) de Carteles Seleccionados / Poster Discussion and Scientific Exchange. Oral Presentation (5 min) of Selected Posters.

P091 Guzmán EA, Segura D, Vázquez B. UNAM, México. EFECTO DE LOS ALCALOIDES DE Heimia

salicifolia (H.B.K.) LINK SOBRE LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL P092 Lorenzana-Jiménez M, García X, Gijón E y Magos Guerrero G A. UNAM, México. ESTUDIO

FITOQUIMICO DEL EXTRACTO METANOLICO DE STROTHANTHUS VENETUS EN EL SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR DE LA RATA ANESTESIADA

P093 Aguila L, García G. Policlínico Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, Cuba. USE OF HOMEOPATHY IN PATIENT WITH STOMATOLOGIC AFFECTIONS

P094 Perdomo-Delgado J, González-Pla E and Perdomo-Álvarez N. CEPROMENT “Dr. Mario E. Dihigo”, Cuba. PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS ON HOMEOPATHIC CLINICAL PRACTICE

P095 Cedeño E, Benítez G, Sierra L. ISCM Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. BACH`S FLOWER THERAPY IN MILD INTERMMITTENT BROCHIAL ASTHMA

P096 Rodríguez de la Torre E. Sociedad Cubana de Hipnosis, Cuba. FLORAL PRESCRIPTION DETECTION BY KINESEOLOGY

P097 Ochoa-Pacheco A, Gross-Fernández C, Armas-Corría A and Gutiérrez-Fonseca YG. Oriente University, Cuba. PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF A SOFT EXTRACT AND OINTMENTS OF Petiveria alliacea L

P098 Martorell-González N, Torres-Hernández MR. Policlínico Universitario "Dr. Jorge Ruiz Ramírez", Cuba. ANTIRUST VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN DIET OF ADOLESCENTS LIKE RISK FACTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

P099 Vidal R, Vidal E. Universidad de Granma, Cuba. ERIDAL®. ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OINTMENT MADE OUT OF OIL EXTRACTS FROM LEMMON GRASS (Cymbopogon citratus)

P100 Ledón N, Casacó A, Remírez D, González A, Cruz J, González R, Capote A, Tolón Z, Rojas E, Rodríguez VJ, Merino N, Rodríguez S, Ancheta O, Cano M. Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Cuba. EFFECTS OF A MIXTURE OF FATTY ACIDS FROM SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) WAX OIL IN INFLAMMATION

P101 Peña D, Montes de Oca N, Rojas S, Parra A, García G. FCM Las Tunas, Cuba. PHARMACOLOGIAL PRE-CLINICAL EVALUATION OF Isocarpha cubana BLAKE

P102 Badria FA and Fathy El-Batoty M. Mansoura University, Egypt. APOPTOSIS AND FOOD- CONTAINING COMPOUNDS: THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR RHEUMATOID AND OSTEOARTHRITIS

P103 Cisneros FJ & Jayo M. Charles River Laboratorios, USA. AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Uncaria tomentosa (CAT'S CLAW) AMELIORATES OZONE INDUCED INFLAMMATION

P104 Llanio M, Fernández MD, Cabrera B, Bermejo P, Abad MJ, Payá M, Alcaraz MJ. CEBIMAR, Cuba. THE MARINE PLANT Thalassia testudinum POSSESSES ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES





29

P105 Fernández MD, Llanio M, Cabrera B, Bermejo P, Abad MJ, Payá M and Alcaraz MJ. CEBIMAR, Cuba. Stypopodium zonale: A MARINE ALGA WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI- OXIDANT EFFECTS

P106 Álvarez A, Sanchez C, Rodriguez J, Lemus Y, Jane A, Izquierdo M, Delgado R. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. MONITORING OF INFLAMMATION ALLEGIC AND AIRWAY REMODELING MARKERS IN TWO ASTHMATIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH VIMANG® CAPSULES

P107 Delporte C, Torres V, Erazo S, Silva X, Negrete R, Muñoz O, Backhouse N. Chile University, Chile. ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE Aristotelia chilensis, ESPECIE NATIVA CHILENA

P108 Erazo S, Backhouse N, García R, Zaldívar M, Negrete R, Belmonte E, San Martín A, Rojas O, Delporte C. Chile University, Chile. ACTIVIDADES ANALGÉSICA Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE Malesherbia auristipulata, ESPECIE PRE-ANDINA CHILENA

P109 Yu RM, Yan CY, Song LY. Jinan University, China. ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CULTURED Ginkgo biloba

P110 Latif A, Khan TF and Afaq SH. Aligarh Muslim University, India. ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWER TOPS OF Gentiana Kurroo Royale EXTRACT

P111 Jáuregui-Haza U, Domínguez-Mesa MI, Valdés-González M, Izquierdo-González M. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. PHARMACOLOGICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON Mangifera indica L AND MANGIFERIN: BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY WITH SCIENCE CITATION INDEX

P112 Echavarria M, López R, Ferrer Y, Casado C, Miranda M. Havana University, Cuba. THE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS NATIONAL CENTER INFORMATION AS PROMOTER OF THE RATIONAL USE OF THE NATURAL MEDICINE

P113 López M, García O, Yera Y, Rodríguez A, Hernández LC. Municipal Santo Domingo Farmacy, Villa Clara, Cuba. A WEB SITE OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE Allium sativum L (GARLIC)

P114 Valdés-González M. Consultoría BioMundi, Cuba. THE INFORMATION OF PATENT DOCUMENTS FOR THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN NATURAL PRODUCTS. THE CASE OF SOLANESOL

P115 Santos MN, Santos C. ICO Ramón Pando Ferrer y Hospital Pediátrico del Cerro, Cuba. USE OF LDE (LEUKOCYTES DIALYZABLE EXTRACT) IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE

P116 Pérez O, Lastre M, Bracho G, del Campo J, Zayas C, Acevedo R, Gil D, Mora N, González D, Balboa J, Cabrera O, Cuello C, Pérez DR, Barberá R, Fajardo EF, Sierra G, Solís RL, and Campa C. Finlay Institute, Cuba. NATURAL Neissera DERIVE PROTEOLIPOSOME AND COCHLEATE AS POTENT VACCINE ADJUVANTS

P117 Pérez M, Ramírez W, Jorge OC. Biocen, Cuba. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF T-BIOMODULINE AND ITS CYTO-RESTORING AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY

P118 Ávila AD, Calderón CF, Pérez RM, Álvarez I, Pons C, Ortiz AR, Pereda C. Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, Cuba. CONSTRUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL in vitro EVALUATION OF IMMUNOTOXINS BY LINKING OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH A HAEMOLYTIC TOXIN FROM A SEA ANEMONE

P119 Takami GA, Yavari A, Heidarieh M. University of Tehran, Iran. IMMUNOSTIMULATION OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FOLLOWING DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF ERGOSAN TO INVESTIGATE ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF WHITE SHRIMP IN BUSHEHR-IRAN

P120 Valls AR, Iglesias E, Ferrandiz D, Turiño J, Batista J. Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas "Carlos J. Finlay". Camagüey, Cuba. PRIMARY DERMAL IRRITABILITY TEST TO HERBAL PRODUCTS OF DERMATOLOGICAL USE

P121 Ramírez K, Puente E, Betancourt J, Mora Y. TOXIMED, Cuba. DERMAL AND OPHTHALMIC IRRITABILITY OF THE CREAM OF ONION TO 25%.

P122 Modarai M, Gertsch J, Suter A, Heinrich M, Kortenkamp A. University of London, UK. CYP ENZYME INHIBITION BY Echinacea AND ITS ALKAMIDES – IS IT CLINICALLY RELEVANT?





30

P123 Zamora Z, Borrego A, Sánchez C, Delgado R, González R , Menéndez S, Hernández F and Schulz S. Centro de Investigaciones del Ozono, Cuba. OZONETHERAPY REDUCES TNF- ALPHA LEVELS IN SERUM AND LUNG MYELOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN LPS-INDUCED ENDOTOXIC SHOCK IN MICE

P124 González R, Zamora Z, Guanche D, Merino N, Menéndez S, Hernández F, Alonso Y and Schulz S. Centro de Investigaciones del Ozono, Cuba. OZONIZED SUNFLOWER OIL (OSO) REDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS.

P125 Ruiz H, Ramos L, Abreu MC, Crespo N, González A, Ulloa F, León O. Hospital Pediátrico Provincial “José Martí y Pérez” Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF OZONE IN CHILDREN WITH IMPETIGO

P126 Ruiz H, Ramos L, Arftiles A, León O, Benítez I. Hospital Pediátrico Provincial “José Martí y Pérez” Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. ACUTE ULCEROUS NECROTIZING GINGIVITIS (AUNG). AN ALTERNATIVE OF TREATMENT WITH OZONIZED OIL

P127 Bermúdez I, Reyes I Frómeta V and Suárez C. Oriente University, Cuba. BEHAVIOR OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT TREATED WITH PROPOLIS

P128 Bermúdez I, García GS, Piloto AA, Pérez YF and Valdivieso AG. Oriente University, Cuba. EFFECT OF THE CUBAN PROPOLIS COLLECTED IN MANZANILLO AREA ON THE WOUNDS HEALING IN RATS

P129 López M, Jiménez I, Santos M. Municipal Santo Domingo Farmacy, Villa Clara, Cuba. USE OF THE PROPOLIS CREAM 10% IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH Candida IN VULVA AND VAGINA

P130 Fidalgo O, Almora E, Lago V. Finlay Institute, Cuba. In vitro ACTIVITY OF PROPOAROMIEL AGAINST Candida sp.

P131 Mello AM, Silva LG, Resende SL, Alves JB, Cortes ME, Schwambach CW, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. College of Odontologia of the UFMG, Brazil. ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY OF Candida albicans TREATED WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND ITS MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION

P132 Amaral RRC, Rocha WMS, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. College of Odontologia of the UFMG, Brazil. PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS GEL

P133 de Paula MB, Santiago WK, Dias SMD, Cortés ME, Dias RS, Santos VR. College of Odontologia of the UFMG, Brazil. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI TO BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS EXTRACT

P134 Gomes RT, Teixeira KIR, Cortés ME, Abreu SRL, Santos VR. College of Odontologia of the UFMG, Brazil. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A PROPOLIS ADHESIVE FORMULATION ON DIFFERENT ORAL PATHOGENS

P135 Oršolić N, Tadić Z, Benković V, Horvat Knežević A, Lisičić D, Bašić I. University of Zagreb, Croatia. STIMULATION OF HEMATOPOIESIS BY A WATER-SOLUBLE DERIVATIVE OF PROPOLIS IN MICE

P136 Göksel Ş1, Özer S1, Abdullah S2, Velioğlu-Ogunc A3, Cetinel S4, Gedik N5, Yeğen BÇ. Marmara University, Turkey. RESVERATROL ALLEVIATES IFOSFAMIDE-INDUCED URINARY TOXICITY IN RATS

P137 González-Hernández S, Narro-Juárez A, González-Ramírez D. IMSS, Mexico. EFECTO DE Coriandrum sativum (CILANTRO) EN RATAS INTOXICADAS CON PLOMO

P138 Capote A, Pérez N, Pérez A, Barbón R, Salas E, Wilken D, Gerth A, Müller-Kuhrt L and Jiménez E. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Cuba. In vitro CULTURE OF Morinda royoc L., Psidium guajava L. var “EEA18-40” AND Morus alba L. var “Criolla” FOR OBTENTION OF SOME THERAPEUTICALLY INTERESTING SECONDARY METABOLITES

P139 Pérez N, Jiménez E, Capote A, Wilken D, Gerth A, Jähn A, Nitzsche H-M, Kerns G. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Cuba. TEMPORARY IMMERSION: A VALUABLE OPTION FOR CARDIOTONIC GLYCOSIDES PRODUCTION OF Digitalis purpurea L.

P140 Abuín A, Lobato O, Prado G, Chateloin T, Fernández F, Boan M, Torrientes D, Guevara E, Bacallao M, Victores O, Gonzáles R, Pensado L, Oliva M. FCM Matanzas, Cuba. COMMUNITY EXTRACTION





31

OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Melaleuca quinquenervia (CAYEPUT), AN INTEGRATED FOCUS, AN ECOLOGICAL-MEDICAL SOLUTION (PROJECT BEHIQUE)

P141 Crosta L, Grippi F, Curione A, Tolomeo M, Aiello G, D’Amico R, Oliveri F, Gebbia N. Consorzio di Ricerca sul Rischio Biologico in Agricoltura, Italy. DETECTION OF PICEATANNOL, PTEROSTILBENE AND 3’- HYDROXYPTEROSTILBENE IN NATURAL PRODUCTS

P142 Ospina O, Rojas C, Vega D. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LONGIPILINE ACETATE

P143 Huertas A, Vega D, Rodríguez O, Torrenegra R, Rodríguez A and Rojas C. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia. NEW MONOGLYCOSIDE FROM Ageratina vacciniaefolia

P144 Delporte C, Negrete R, Saavedra A, Peredo N, Aguirre MC, Silva X, Erazo S, Miranda HF, Apablaza C, Backhouse N. Chile University, Chile. IMPACTO DE LA VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL EN LA EFICACIA DE Ugni molinae y Buddleja globosa, ESPECIES NATIVAS CHILENAS

P145 Nunez J, Mendoza A. Universidad Nacional de Ancash, Perú. FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL EFFECT IN RATS OF CUSHURO (Nostoc sphaericum VAUCHER)

P146 LeHoux JG and Dupuis G. University of Sherbrooke, Canada. RECOVERY OF CHITOSAN FROM AQUOUS ACIDIC SOLUTIONS BY SALTING- OUT WITH FOOD-COMPATIBLE ORGANIC SALTS

P147 Gutiérrez-Ruiz J, Granados-Canseco F, Martínez-Esparza C, Velázquez-Paniagua M, and Prieto-Gómez B. UNAM, México. CHRONIC MELATONIN APPLICATION MODIFIES THE CYTOARCHITECTURE OF TESTIS AND DECREASES THE SPERM NUMBER IN WISTAR RAT.

P148 Buznego MT, Pérez-Saad H. CEBIMAR, Cuba. BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF THE ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF THE EXTRACT OF THE AQUATIC PLANT Echinodorus berteroi (SPRENGEL) FASSETT (UPRIGHT BURHEAD)

P149 Ruenes K, Garateix A, Buznego MT, García T, Pérez-Saad H, Palmero A, Guzmán A, Tortoriello J and Pérez-Saad H. CEBIMAR, Cuba. ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF Salvia elegans EXTRACT

P150 Garateix A, Ruenes K, Buznego MT, García T, Menéndez T, Palmero A, Guzmán A , Valdés O, Alejandre L, Laguna A and Pérez-Saad H. CEBIMAR, Cuba. NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FOUR MARINE PLANT EXTRACTS

P151 Garateix A, Salceda E, López O, Salazar H, Aneiros A, Zaharenko AJ, de Freitas JC and Soto E. CEBIMAR, Cuba. PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Bunodosoma TOXINS ON VOLTAGE DEPENDENT SODIUM CHANNELS

P152 Santos Y, Díaz M, López T, Souto R, Rodríguez A, Martínez J, Castañeda O. Havana University, Cuba. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTIONS FROM THE CRUDE EXTRACT OF Condylactis gigantea, ACTING ON POTASSIUM CHANNELS

P153 Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Zangara A & Scholey AB. Northumbria University, UK. COGNITIVE AND MOOD EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND THEANINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION

P154 Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Zangara A, Luedemann J, Maggini S, Brewster-Maund C, Ruf M. Northumbria University, UK. EFFECTS OF A MULTIVITAMIN PREPARATION WITH GUARANÁ ON SUSTAINED MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL FATIGUE

P155 Oviedo VMO, García MG, Rincón JV, Guerrero MP. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. ALKALOID FRACTION OBTAINED FROM LEAVES OF Annona muricata WITH ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN MICE

P156 Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Calapai G. Centre of Natural Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Italy. Rhodiola rosea IN MINOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

P157 Reyes R, Marrero-Miragaya MA, Eirez M. Centro Internacional de Salud La Pradera, Cuba. MIGRAPRECOL AND MIGRAMENSTRUAL. MEDICINAL PLANTS FORMULATIONS IN MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS

P158 Monteagudo E, Cepero V, Mollineda A. ISCM Villa Clara, Cuba. Calendula officinalis: VARIATION TO THE METHODOLOGY OF EXTRACTS OBTENTION, CHARACTERIZATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE AND ACUTE TOXICITY

P159 Monteagudo E, Cepero V, Cordovés D, Verdecía B, Blanco F, Díaz L, Mollineda A. ISCM Villa Clara,





32

Cuba. PHARMACOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Gracylaria cylindrica ALGAE P160 Monteagudo E, Boffill M, Bermúdez D, Quesada D, Roca A, Verdecia B, Blanco F, Díaz L,

Betancourt E. ISCM Villa Clara, Cuba. ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF SIX MEDICINAL PLANTS USING THREE ALTERNATIVE METHODS

P161 García Y, González R, Bourg V, González Y, González B, Mancebo A, Bada AM, Mier Y, Arteaga ME, González C, Hernández J. Biocen, Cuba. TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW ANTIANEMIC FORMULATION FROM NATURAL PRODUCT DRY TROFÍN®

P162 Boffill M, Lorenzo G, Sainz O, Sánchez C, Betancourt E. ISCM Villa Clara, Cuba. TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AN INFUSSION OF Bidens pilosa

P163 Peña D, Montes de Oca N, Rojas S, Parra A, García G. FCM Las Tunas, Cuba. TOXICOLOGICAL PRE- CLINICAL EVALUATION OF Isocarpha cubana BLAKE

P164 Galán L, Souto RD, Ruiz Y, Lanio ME, Álvarez C, Álvarez JL. Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Cuba. CARDIOTOXIC ACTIONS OF STHICHOLYSINS I AND II, TWO CYTOLYSINS ISOLATED FROM THE SEA ANEMONE Stichodactyla helianthus

P165 Fuentes JL, Alonso A, Cuetara E, Vernhe M, Álvarez N, Sánchez-Lamar A, Llagostera M. CEADEN, Cuba. MEDICINAL PLANTS ASSESSING AS RADIOPROTECTORS USING SOS CHROMOTEST

P166 Dominguez A, Reyes L, García O, Macías B and Pérez L. TOXIMED, Cuba. TOXO- PLANT 1.0 TOXICOLOGY OF CUBAN MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION

P167 López M, García O, Hernández LC, Yera Y, Rodríguez A. Municipal Santo Domingo Farmacy, Villa Clara, Cuba. NEUROTOXICAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLANTS. KNOWLEDGE IN DOCTORS AND PRACTITIONERS FROM EMPIRIC TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

P168 Alfonso A, Ramírez K, Betancourt J, Salas H, Puentes E, Domínguez A. TOXIMED, Cuba. EVALUATION OF ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY OF FIVE MEDICINAL HERBS BY MEANS OF AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD

P169 Lemos FO, Mello VJ, Cassali GD, Salas CE and Lopes MTP. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil. PRE- CLINIC EVALUATION OF PROTEASES FROM C. candamarcensis AS DERMAL HEALING PRINCIPLES

P170 Campos A, Magos G, Rodríguez A, González C, Aguilar A y Martínez E. UNAM, México. ESTUDIO FARMACOTOXICOLOGICO DE LOS EXTRACTOS SECOS OBTENIDOS DE LA SEMILLA DE Thevetia peruviana.

P171 Tapia R, Estrada M, Vega E, Lobato A, Alvarez C, Ortiz V, Velasco R. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México. EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD TÓXICA DE DIVERSOS EXTRACTOS SOBRE Artemia salina

P172 Casillas IL, Dávalos KV, Hurtado M, Cruz A, Aguilar M A, Velasco-Lezama R, Alarcón F. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México. VALORACIÓN CITO Y GENOTÓXICA DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE Psacalium peltatum (MATARIQUE) EN CULTIVOS DE LINFOCITOS HUMANOS

P173 Molina-Salinas G, Said-Fernández S. IMSS, México. MICROENSAYO MODIFICADO DE TOXICIDAD SOBRE LARVAS DE Artemia salina

P174 Rodeiro I, Morffi J, Garrido G, Delgado R. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cuba. MANGIFERIN, A GLUCOSYLXANTHONE EXTRACTED FROM Mangifera indica L. PROTECTS FROM INJURY INDUCED TO DNA: in vitro STUDIES

P175 Alfonso M, Quintela A, Lemus R, Garcia M. Instituto Nacional de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Cuba. HEALING EFFECT OF THE SKIN- REGENERATED CREAM USING IN TRAUMATIC ULCERS OF WISTAR RATS LOWER MEMBERS

P176 Oruña L, Lago G, Coto G, Bousa P. Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Cuba. PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A HYALURONIC ACID JELLY FOR THE WOUND HEALING

P177 Sánchez-Perera LM, Beringuer B, Martin-Calero MJ, Bulnes C, Escobar A, Carnesolta D, Remigio MA. CENSA, Cuba. PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF Rhizophora mangle L. AS ANTIULCEROGENIC POTENTIAL DRUG





33

RESÚMENES / ABSTRACTS

CONFERENCIAS PLENARIAS (PL) O CONFERENCIAS (L) /

PLENARY LECTURES (PL) OR LECTURES (L) LUNES, 20 DE NOVIEMBRE / MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20

PL01- ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AND THE SEARCH FOR NOVEL MEDICINES / HEALTH FOODS. ARE WE BARKING UP THE RIGHT TREE? Heinrich M Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. The School of Pharmacy, University of London. 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX. Tel.: 0044-020-7753-5844 / Fax: 0044-020-7753-5909. E-mail: [email protected] Drug discovery from nature and the pharmacology of natural products are areas which share many common methodologies, but the goals of the various approaches often differ considerably. Both areas have been essential for developing today’s medicine chests used all over the world (1). It is estimated that 25% of all prescription medicines are derived from natural sources. In the fields of anticancer and anti-infective medicine, this figure is about 80% (2). A classical approach has been the bio-assay guided search for new chemical entities with specific in vitro effects which can then be developed into new drug leads an area I have had a long standing interest. A core pharmacological target used by my group has been the transcription factor NF-κB an element of the pro-inflammatory signalling cascade (Palladino et al 2003). Importantly, we use a multiple-target approach to identifying molecular sites of inhibition within the inflammatory response (3). For example, crude extracts of Witheringia solanacea leaves showed inhibition of NF-κB activation at 100 µg/mL induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in HeLa cells stably transfected with a luciferase reporter gene controlled by the IL-6 promoter. Three physalins were isolated from an active fraction, namely, physalins B (1), F (2), and D (3). Of these compounds, 1 and 2 demonstrated inhibitory activities on PMA-induced NF-κB activation at 16 and 8 µM and induced apoptosis after 24 h in a cell-cycle analysis using a human T cell leukemia Jurkat cell line. Compound 2 also inhibited TNF-R-induced NF-κB activation at 5 µM through the canonical pathway, but was inactive in the Tet-On-Luc assay, indicating specificity of action, although it interfered with Tet-On-Luc at higher concentrations. It is suggested that the presence of a double bond and an epoxy ring between carbons 5 and 6 in compounds 1 and 2, respectively (which are not present in compound 3), are related to their anti-inflammatory activity. This work using bio-assay-guided fractionation provides molecular evidence that the anti-inflammatory activity of W. solanacea and its physalin constituents (1-3) is likely to be mediated via the NF-κB pathway (4). While this work provides exciting information about bio-active constituents and their mechanism of action, only a few of such compounds will finally reach the market as new drugs and the costs for developing such molecules is extremely high. Thus industry’s interest is moving towards means for faster development of new products. One line is based on the development of extracts into herbal medical products or health foods. Specifically in Europe there is an increasing demand for herbal medical products with a concomitant increase in concern about some of the products quality and safety. The European Union recently established a simplified registration procedure for traditional herbal medicinal products for human use (Directive 2004/24/EC), which requires all products to be licensed and offers a novel way of licensing based on traditional use. Traditionally prepared herbal medical products are commonly used on a small scale and the control of the product’s quality and safety is in the hand of those who use these products. On the other hand commercial products are generally a commodity which is no longer controlled by the users and specific requirements for good production, storage and distribution (GAP, GLP, GMP) are required. Thus these products become a commodity which is regulated to varying degrees in the various countries. This political framework sets the scene for the changing needs in studying and developing drugs from natural sources. Essentially such products may be (health) foods, herbal unlicensed medicines, or licensed medical products. Over the last years the focus has been on the benefits and risks of drug discovery? Where is the cat then? And, therefore, are we barking up the right tree? In essence our focus has been very much on the discovery of novel entities, but shouldn’t we focus more on the development of existing extracts and guaranteeing their quality and safety?





34

References: 1. Heinrich, M and H.L. Teoh (2004) Galanthamine from snowdrop – the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer's disease from local Caucasian knowledge. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92: 147-162 (doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012). 2. Newman, D. J., M. Cragg, and K. M. Snader (2003) Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Period 1981-2002 Journal of Natural Products 66, 1022-1037. 3. Bremner, P. and M. Heinrich (2005) Natural Products and their role as inhibitors of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Phytochemistry Review 4 (1): 21-37. 4. Jacobo-Herrera, P.D. Bremner, S. Gibbons M. Gupta, S. Muñoz and M. Heinrich (2006) Physalins from Withania frutescens (Solanaceae) as inhibitors of the NF-κB cascade. Journal of Natural Products 69 (3): 328-331 (DOI: 10.1021/np050225t). PL02- NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: INTEGRATION TO THE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM IN CUBA Cabrera-López N National Center for Natural and Tradicional Medicine, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. The Natural and Traditional Medicine (NTM) has been integrated at the Cuban National Health System since 1995. A net along the country has been created for these specialties implementation at every health attention level. Investigations about these therapeutic modalities have allowed us to obtain enough scientific evidences for achieving appropriate use of these procedures. In 2005, 12 006 717 ambulatory patients, 346 315 hospitalized patients and 2 933 302 patients in services of urgency were attended by the use of different therapeutic modalities of Natural and Traditional Medicine. In this period, 74% of surgery and clinic specialties have used the NTM for therapeutic purposes. In such sense, 20 400 000 flasks containing natural medications have been wasted. Over the last 10 years, in our country, an upward development in the systematic utilization of natural therapies has been achieved in the National Health System. On the other hand, to achieve a sustained and growing development of the traditional medicine and their integration to the programs of health, it is essential to carry out pharmacological investigations in this field that allow to evaluate the impact of the alternative traditional therapies in the main indicators of health, aspects these that are part of the main priorities of investigation and development in NTM at this moment showing a sustained growth in the Cuban National Center for Natural and Traditional Medicine. PL03- ANTIOXIDANT DIETARY FIBERS: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR PREVENTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ASSOCIATED DISEASE Saura Calixto FD, Goñi I, Serrano J, Pérez–Jiménez J, Tabernero M, Arranz S & Díaz-Rubio ME Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición ( IF-CSIC). Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid, Spain. Email: [email protected] Dietary fibers with exceptional amounts of natural antioxidants associated with the fiber matrix were obtained from mango, pineapple, guava, seaweeds and grape. These antioxidant dietary fibers (AODF) combine in a single material the physiological effects of both dietary fiber and antioxidants. Studies of their properties are in progress. This communication is mainly focussed in grape AODF. Grape AODF has a high amount of phenolics ( 16 % dry weight- proanthocyanins, flavonoids , resveratrol and phenolic acids-) with capacity to act as antioxidants in both lipophilic (lipoproteins, cell membranes) and hydrophilic systems (plasma). Several biological tests showed that grape AODF was effective in quenching free radicals, protecting DNA damage and significantly retarded human LDL oxidation. High intestinal antioxidant status and effective hypocholesterolemic effect were observed in rats’ experiments. On this basis, different clinical trials – sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science- are being conducted at Hospitals (Madrid and Barcelona) to check the potential effects of grape AODF in antioxidant status and in prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. Healthy volunteers received a daily dose of 7.5 g of grape AODF. Preliminary results of these trials will be presented. References: 1. Saura-Calixto, F. (1998). Antioxidant dietray fiber product: A new concept and a potential food ingredient. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46:4303-4306. 2. Martín-Carrón N., Goñi, I., Larrauri, J.A., García-Alonso, A., and Saura-Calixto, F. (1999). Reduction in serum total and LDl cholesterol concentrations by a dietary fiber and polyphenol-rich grape product in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutr. Res.,19:1371-1381. 3. Jiménez-Escrig A, Rincón AM, Pulido R, Saura-Calixto F (2001). Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 5489-5493. 4. Pulido R., Jimenez-Escrig A.,





35

Orensanz L., Saura Calixto F. and Jimenez Escrig A. (2005) Study of plasma antioxidant status in Alzheimer´s disease. Eur, J. Neurology 12, 531-535 PL04- INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HERBAL MEDICINES AND PRESCRIPTION DRUGS Williamson EM The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP. Email: [email protected] Monitoring the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) is difficult since many are bought from outlets other than pharmacies; assessing the incidence and significance of herb-drug interactions (H-DIs) is therefore even more problematic. There is also widespread under-reporting of adverse reactions to herbal products for many reasons, so the extent of H-DIs is still largely unknown. However the use of HMP’s among the general public is increasing, and it has been estimated recently that in the US, 24% of the general population regularly take herbal products. In other parts of the world, especially in developing countries, this is much higher, and at these levels of usage it is very likely that some clinically significant herb-drug interactions will occur. Many consumers believe herbal medicines to be safe simply because they are natural, and although this is obviously untrue, there is a real concern that exaggeration of safety issues based on purely theoretical grounds will further polarise public opinion. The patient may then ignore even sound advice on the subject, leading to a serious adverse event, so it is important that accurate information is available on this subject. In this presentation, the theoretical and clinical evidence for some important H-DIs will presented, together with an explanation of pharmacodynamic interactions and pharmacokinetic effects involving P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 enzymes. An attempt will also be made to put the issue in perspective: for example, it is becoming clear that certain herbal drugs are most frequently cited in interaction reports; these include St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis), Cat’s claw (Uňa de gato, Uncaria tomentosa and U. guianensis), ginseng (Panax species), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), liquorice (Glycyrrhiza species) and Ginkgo biloba. The main prescription drugs involved are those which are already susceptible to interactions with many others, such as warfarin, digoxin, protease inhibitors, statins and anti-cancer drugs.


PLENARY LECTURES (PL) OR LECTURES (L) MARTES, 21 DE NOVIEMBRE / TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 21

L01- ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY OF DISEASE PREVENTION FROM ANCIENT ISLAMIC TEXTS Raza M Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Traditional texts usually mention medicinal uses of different agents for the treatment of diseases, rather then their prophylactic use for the prevention of diseases. In this report, an attempt is made to present use of different agents mentioned in old Islamic texts for the prevention of disorders. Literature search was carried out of the classical Islamic texts reported from Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his descendents. Over 20 records of prophylactic uses of medicinal plants, honey and salt were found in literature from the Islamic sources. These include medicinal uses for the prevention of forgetfulness, infectious diseases (including leprosy), leucoderma, bad breath, fatigue and laziness, general weakness, depression, colic, hemorrhoids, uncontrolled micturation, facial palsy (Bell’s palsy) and general paralysis, maintenance of good health, improvement of memory and cognition, blood purification and fertility. Scientific literature search indicated that in most of the instances, no research is reported on the basis of prophylactic uses mentioned in Islamic texts. I conclude that ethnopharmacologic investigation of prophylactic uses of medicinal agents can be an interesting area of research and its potential must be explored by the scientific community.





36

L02- DRUG DISCOVERY THROUGH HISTORIC HERBAL TEXTS Buenz E Mayo Clinic, USA. No disponible al Cierre de la Edición de este Programa / Not available to the Closing of this Program Edition L03- ROLE AND SCOPE OF ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRALS Chattopadhyay D ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, GB 4, First floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India. Ethnomedicinal plants have been used as source of drugs for almost all diseases, but the number of compounds having antiviral activity is scarce. Irrespective of type of viruses and the cells they infect, there are a very few specific viral targets for the phytomolecules to interact. Most of the available antiviral drugs often lead to the development of viral resistance, side effects, recurrence and viral latency. A wide range of ethnomedicinal plants showed strong antiviral activities and many of them either inhibit replication, or genome synthesis of many viruses. Hence, development of new antivirals of natural origin is an urgent need. This review will cover some of the promising antivirals isolated from ethnomedicinal plants with proven in vitro and some documented in vivo activities. L04- In vitro ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THREE PIPER SPECIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY Gabriel A. Agbor1, 2, Joe A Vinson1, Julius E. Oben3, Jeanne Y Ngogang4 1Department of Chemistry, University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania, 18510 USA. 2CRPMT, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O Box 6163, Yaounde Cameroon. 3Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. 4Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. Introduction: Free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are implicated in numerous oxidative stress related pathological conditions. Thus substances with antioxidant capacity capable of scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species can play a role in oxidative stress related disorders. The polyphenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of methanolic leaves extracts of three Piper species (Piper guineense, Piper nigrum, and P umbellatum) were studied in-vitro. Materials and Methods: Folin Ciocalteu method was used to assess the polyphenolic content while the reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide scavenging and metal chelating activities were employed in studying the radical scavenging activity of extracts. Results: All three spices exhibited a marked polyphenolic content and dose dependent free radical scavenging activity. The free polyphenolic content of the three spices was in the order P umbellatum (15.93±1.89 mg/g) > P. guineense (12.56 ± 0.25 mg/g) > P nigrum (9.75 ± 0.76). The three Piper extracts exhibited a 79.76 – 89.92 % scavenging effect on DPPH, an 85.10 – 97.85 % scavenging effect on nitric oxide at a dose level of 10mg/ml and a 47.07 – 51.60 % scavenging effect on superoxide radical at a dose level of 8mg/ml extraction. Piper extracts also exhibited a 56.99 – 76.06 % scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical at 5 mg/ml, a 0.39 - 0.58 reducing power and an 88.33 -93.90 % metal chelating activity at a dose level of 8 mg/ml extraction. Conclusion: Thus these Piper species contain high antioxidant capacity and can play a role in the modulation of oxidative stress related disorders.





37

L05- PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITY OF NATURAL EXTRACT OBTAIN FROM STEM BARK OF Mangifera indica L (VIMANG) AND ITS GLUCOSYLXANTHONE, MANGIFERIN Garrido Ga, Delgado Ra, García Da, Pardo GLa, Martínez Gb, Hernández Pa, Rodeiro Ia, Hernandez Ia, Guevara Ma, Alvarez Aa , Riaño Aa, Merino Na, Núñez AJa

aPharmacology Lab, Department of Biomedical Research. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. P.O Box 16042, Havana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] bPharmacy Institute, Havana University, P.O. 10 400, Havana, Cuba. The aqueous extract from stem bark of Mangifera indica L (VIMANG) has been used in Cuba during several years in ethnomedical practices for the improvement of quality of life of patients with different pathologies1. A phytochemical characterization of the extract has led to the isolation of nine phenolic constituents, with the glucosylxanthone mangiferin as a major component, and different microelements as zinc, copper, and selenium2. The extract has demonstrated as the main pharmacological property its antioxidant activity3-5. Others studies have shown that the extract also possesses others pharmacological activities, such as: anti-inflammatory6-9, antiallergic10, analgesic6 and inmunomodulador11-12, with very complex and multifactorial mechanisms of action involved. These properties are related to its scavenger capacity of different reactive oxygen species. The interaction of mangiferin and others component of the extract with Fe2+, represent an important antioxidant mechanism recently characterized in our studies13-14. On the other hand, mangiferin and Vimang have the property of modulating different mediators involved into immune response, more specifically: 1) Inhibit nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in several inflammatory conditions, 2) Inhibit phospholipase A2 activity and eicosanoid production, 3) Stimulate TGFbeta production as anti-inflammatory cytokine, 4) Inhibit activation of transcriptional nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)15, 5) Protect from T cell depletion by Activation-induced cell death (AICD)16, results that showed these compounds enhance T-cell survival by inhibiting activation-induced T-cell death, a finding associated with a decrease in oxidative stress within the activated T cells. In general, the total extract and its xanthone, mangiferin are involved in several immunomodulatory processes, properties that confer an important therapeutic potentiality as active component for the preparation of phytopharmaceuticals products for the treatment of pathologies where oxidative stress and immunomodulator disorders are related with their etiology. Different clinical studies are conducted at this moment in order to get new knowledge about its therapeutic potentiality. References: 1. Guevara M et al. Rev Cubana Farmacia 36 (Suplem. 2:166-167, 2002. 2. Núñez Selles A. et al. J Agric Food Chem 50:762-766, 2002. 3. Martínez G. et al. Phytother Res 15:245-2474, 2000. 4. Martínez G. et al. Pharmacol Res 42:555-573, 2000. 5. Martínez G. et al. Free Rad Res 35:465-473, 2001. 6. Garrido G. et al. Phytother Res15:18-21, 2001. 7. Garrido G. et al. Pharmacol. Res. 50:143-149, 2004. 8. Garrido G. et al. Pharmacol. Res. 50:165-172, 2004. 9. Garrido G. et al. Phytomedicine 13:412-418, 2006. 10. García D. et al. J Pharm Pharmacol 58:382-92, 2006. 11. García D. et al. Int. Immunopharmacol 2:797-806, 2002. 12. Leiro J. et al. Int. Immunopharmacol. 4:991-1003, 2004. 13. Pardo-Andreu GL. et al. Pharmacol. Res. 51:427- 435, 2005. 13. Pardo Andreu GL. et al. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 513:47-55, 2005. 14. Garrido G. et al. Phytother. Res. 19:211-215, 2005. 15. Hernandez P. et al. Int Immunopharmacol 6:1496-1505, 2006.





38

CONFERENCIAS PLENARIAS (PL) O CONFERENCIAS (L) / PLENARY LECTURES (PL) OR LECTURES (L)

MIÉRCOLES, 22 DE NOVIEMBRE / WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 22 L06- POSITIVE EFFECTS OF A MULTIVITAMIN-GUARANÁ PREPARATION ON MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL FATIGUE DURING A SUSTAINED PERIOD OF MENTAL DEMAND Scholey ABa, Kennedy DOa, Zangara Aa, Robertson Ba, Reay Ja, Luedemann Jb, Maggini Sb, Brewster-Maund Cb, Ruf Mb aHuman Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom. bBayer Consumer Care AG, Peter Merian House 84, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. E mail: [email protected] The present study tested the effects of a multivitamin-mineral supplement with guaraná (Berocca Boost Performance) on aspects of cognitive performance and self-reported mental fatigue during sustained, effortful mental processing. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study assessed the acute effects of a single dose of either the vitamin/mineral/guaraná supplement or placebo, in the form of an effervescent drink, in 129 healthy young adults (18-24 years). Testing included the Northumbria University Cognitive Demand Battery (CDB) which involves serial completion of a 10-min battery comprising of Serial Threes subtractions (2 min), Serial Sevens subtractions (2 min), and Rapid Visual Information Processing [RVIP] (5 min) followed by a ‘Mental Fatigue’ visual analogue scale. Salivary caffeine levels were co-monitored. On the testing day, overnight fasted participants attended the laboratory at 9 am. Following two (practice and baseline) pre-dose completions of the CDB participants consumed their treatment. Starting 30 minutes following drink administration, participants made 6 consecutive completions of the battery (60 minutes in total). The most striking finding was a significant improvement, compared with placebo, in both speed and accuracy of RVIP performance associated with the vitamin/mineral/guaraná combination. This effect was evident throughout the hour of testing. The active treatment also significantly reduced ratings of subjective mental fatigue at later, more fatiguing, repetitions of the battery. This research supports previous findings concerning the psychoactive properties of guaraná and provides evidence for the first time in humans that a multivitamin-mineral preparation with guaraná can improve cognitive performance and reduce the mental fatigue associated with sustained mental effort. L07- THE EFFECTS OF GALANTAMINE ON ATTENTION IN THE DEMENTIAS Saxby BKa, Edgar CEa, Edwards Kb, Wesnes KAa a Cognitive Drug Research Ltd., CDR House, Gatehampton Road, Goring-on-Thames, RG8 0EN, United Kingdom. b

Neurological Research Centre Inc., 140 Hospital Drive, Suite 210, Bennington, Vermont 05201, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Galantamine is an alkaloid obtained from the Caucasian snowdrop and related species. It is a specific and reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor registered for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Galantamine also enhances the intrinsic action of acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors. In a comparative parallel group study of galantamine versus donepezil in AD patients, in addition to the expected benefits to memory of both compounds, galantamine produced significant improvements in attention. The effects were seen at 6 weeks and persisted until the end of study at 26 weeks. This suggests that the nicotinic action might be particularly beneficial for attention. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is characterised by attentional deficits and fluctuations, therefore a suitable target for treatment with galantamine. Materials and methods: An open label, 24-week study to evaluate the efficacy of galantamine for the treatment of DLB in 49 patients over 50 years old. The Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment system was used to measure aspects of episodic memory, working memory and attention at weeks 0 (training), 4 (baseline), 12 and 24; parallel forms were administered to prevent learning effects. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis showed significant improvements to Power of Attention and Coefficient of Variance at week 12 (p<0.05). Statistical signals were identified for Continuity of Attention at week 24, and Quality of Episodic Memory at weeks 12 and 24 (p<0.1). The results showed early benefits of treatment, particularly to measures of





39

attention and fluctuations, key features of DLB. Conclusions: The nicotinic action of galantamine appears to have beneficial effects on attention in demented populations. Such benefits may not be detected with standard clinical assessments (ADAS-Cog) which focus primarily on memory. However, comprehensive computerised assessments of cognition can be useful in identifying the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds and elucidating the mechanisms by which they occur. L08- PHYTO-THERAPEUTICAL APPROACHES TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Okello Ea, Perry Eb aSchool of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Agriculture Building; bSchool of Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. abMedicinal Plant Research Centre, Universities of Newcastle upon Tyne and Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. E mail: [email protected] One of the most disabling features of the aging process and in certain neurodegenerative diseases is cognitive dysfunction, particularly loss of memory (dementia). Dementia is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic deterioration of intellectual capacity in various domains: learning and memory, language abilities, reading and writing, praxis and interaction with the environment. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 50-60% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. There are over 15 million people suffering from AD worldwide. The current licensed treatment for AD is based on inhibition of the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in some instances also butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Drugs in development include those preventing amyloid formation (e.g. beta-secretase inhibition), nicotinic or muscarinic receptor modulation, glutamate receptor antagonism, and both anti-inflammatory and statin activities. Because of the complexity and diversity of the pathological causes of AD, the treatments that will be developed in the future are most likely to be poly-pharmacological in approach. In this respect phyto-therapies, with the multiplicity of chemicals and bioactivities present in an individual plant or combination of plants, provide a novel and relatively unexplored potential. L09- THE ROLE OF VITAMINS AND MINERALS IN MENTAL PERFORMANCE Maggini S and Ruf M Bayer Consumer Care AG, Peter Merian House 84, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. E mail: [email protected] The significant interdependence of nutrition and cognitive functions was recognized many decades ago. Adequate levels of vitamins and minerals are essential for sustained mental performance through physiological processes that have both a direct (e.g. neurotransmitter synthesis, receptor binding, membrane ion pump function) and indirect (e.g. energy metabolism, cerebral blood supply) effect on brain and nerve functions. In this context the minerals calcium, magnesium and zinc and, especially, the water-soluble vitamins (B group and vitamin C) are the most relevant micronutrients. Research indicates that inadequate intake of one or more of these micronutrients is not uncommon even in developed countries and that a large proportion of the population is failing to consume the recommended levels with the normal diet. This situation is being exacerbated in many societies by occupational pressure and a stressful lifestyle leading to the consumption of ‘fast food’ which has a significant negative relationship with vitamin consumption. This may have consequences for mental performance of the concerned individuals, because it is well established that marginal micronutrient deficiencies result for example in fatigue, anxiety, irritability, sleeplessness and can impair memory and ability to concentrate even in otherwise healthy individuals. Some studies have assessed the effects of a multi-vitamin/mineral product (Berocca®) on self-ratings of stress or psychological well-being. Results following treatment demonstrated a significant benefit of supplementation in terms of improved anxiety/stress ratings across various psychometric parameters. These findings indicate that multivitamin/mineral preparations can help to cope with the negative consequences of stress in individuals at risk of consuming insufficient micronutrients from their diet. In modern societies with the widespread desire for constant optimum performance in all areas of life, vitamin and mineral supplements may therefore help to manage stress and hence to enhance mental performance.





40


PLENARY LECTURES (PL) OR LECTURES (L) JUEVES, 23 DE NOVIEMBRE / THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 23

L10- CARIBBEAN MARINE BIODIVERSITY Espinosa J Institute of Oceanology, Cuba. No disponible al Cierre de la Edición de este Programa / Not available to the Closing of this Program Edition L11- PEPTIDES OBTAINED FROM MARINE ORGANISMS USEFUL FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH Rodriguez A, Garateix A, Díaz M, Palmero A, Alejandre L, Cuquerella E Centre of Marine Bioproducts, CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10600, Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Number of marine peptides has been isolated in recent years which exhibit potent biological activities, and many of the compounds showed promising anticancer activity. Didemnin was the first marine peptide that entered in human clinical trials in US for the treatment of cancer, and other anticancer peptides such as kahalalide F, hemiasterlin, soblidotin and aplidine have entered in the clinical trials. Also, there exist known marine toxins waiting for the discovery of pharmaceutically oriented new specificities. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are Na+ channels activated by external protons. These channels are formed by the homo- or heteromeric association of six different subunits. Scientific research in the last years have associated these channels to several pathological and physiological conditions such as pain, learning and memory. For many years, animal venoms have yielded a great number of toxins that modulate specifically and with high affinity voltage-gated Na+, K+ and Ca2+ currents, Ca2+ -gated K+ channels and mechano-sensitive K+ channels. To date the pharmacology of ASIC channels is still limited due to the lack of specific modulators, being these of great interest for biomedical application. For this reason, our research was foccused to the isolation and characterization of a new peptide, extracted from a sea anemone acting upon ASIC channels. Also, there exist other compounds, presumably of peptidic nature, that are being evaluated on glutamatergic and cholinergic responses as well as on different voltage activated ionic channels. L12- CHEMISTRY DIVERSITY OF COMPOUNDS OBTAINED FROM MARINE MACRO ORGANISMS Laguna A, Valdés O, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez M, Hernández Y, Regalado E, Cuquerella E, Alejandre L, Díaz M Centre of Marine Bioproducts, CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10600, Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Advances in the sophisticated instruments for the isolation and characterization of marine natural products, and development in the biological assay systems, have resulted in the discovery of various compounds of biomedical application from marine origin from which more than 10 are registered as new drugs. Marine products have been a source of new leads for the treatment of many deadly diseases such as cancer, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) etc. Compounds of marine origin are diverse in structural class from simple linear peptides to complex macrocyclic polyethers. Marine natural products chemists have always shown a great interest in the natural functions of the metabolites that they study. While the interest in obtaining novel chemical structures from microorganisms and plants has declined, the discovery of new chemical compounds with unique structures from marine organisms is increasing. Several of these compounds have been used by population as feed, insecticides,





41

fragrances, pigments and medicines but the enormous potentiality of the ocean as a surt of new compounds is still unexplored. Terrestrial plants has been used for many years as supplement medicine considering the folk knowledge, actually near 25 % of all drug sold in pharmacies are derived from plants. In the present paper will be presented an up to date review of compounds derived from plants and the studies done in Cuba. L13- ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT OBTAINED FROM MARINE SOURCE: REALITY AND FUTURE Llanio Ma, Fernández MDa, Cabrera Ba, del Vallín Ta, Hernández Ia, Bermejo Pb, Abad MJb, Payá Mc, Alcaraz MJc aCenter of Marine Bioproducts, Loma y 37, Havana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] bDept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. cDept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain. Marine sources are being explored during more than 40 years, for possible pharmaceutical products. Marine pharmacology has begun to focus on several new areas of pharmaceutical development, with an emphasis, between others, on inflammatory diseases. Inflammation posses several mechanisms, beginning for phospholipase A2 activation, prostaglandins or leukotrienes formation, reactive oxygen species activity, etc. For these reasons we are going to talk about some of the products that have been obtained from marine organisms, especially algae and sponges, which present anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-oxidant properties and their different mechanisms of action. Moreover we will show our most interesting results in extracts obtained from algae, sponges and marine plants which have activity trough different mechanisms. L14- EXTRACTS FROM CARIBBEAN SEAWEEDS AS POTENTIAL ANTITUMOURALS Valdés-Iglesias O1, Cabranes Y1, Hernández Y1, Aneiros A1, Colom Y2, Azcue M2, Ruiz R2, Respall M2, Díaz C1

1Centre of Marine Bioproducts, CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10600, Havana City, Cuba. 2Laboratory of Oncopharmacology; Unit of Evaluation and Research on Antitumoral Products; National Oncology and Radiobiology Institute, Vedado, CP 10400. Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] The marine organisms have been revealed as an important source of bioactive substances of great value for the treatment of some illnesses for their therapeutic properties (antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as antibiotic, and other). In this paper are presented some results obtained in the chemical and pharmacological evaluation of Caribbean seaweed as biotechnological source of bioactive substances. Seaweeds (Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae) have been processed by different methods as drying and extraction in aqueous, ethanol and non polar solutions, in cold and hot systems. Also, they have been evaluated as nutraceutic for their nutritional composition mainly the carbohydrate, antioxidants, neuroactives and anti-tumourals activities through different biochemical assays and in vivo conduct and pharmacological tests with mice and as anti-tumoural (i.e.) in front of the mouse tumour line of leukemia P388 transplanted in mice B2D6F1. The chemical characterization of the seaweed and extracts included qualitative and quantitative chemical methods and the fractionation by partition with solvents. Some fraction were isolated and characterized by flash chromatography on Silica gel 60 and analyzed by UV spectra, TLC and HPLC. The results are the basement for the future utilization of the biotechnological properties of the Caribbean seaweeds since are sources of typical carbohydrates such as carrageenans, agar, fucoidans or alginates and for the secondary metabolites as polyphenols, flavones and terpenes with antioxidants, neuroactives and antitumourals properties detected or as human food as nutraceutic feed. Some of these results have been published and patented in Cuba.





42

L15- MARINE ORGANISMS AS SOURCES OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS Garateix A1, Aneiros A1, Salceda E2, García T1, Ruenes K1, Buznego MT3, Menéndez R1, Palmero A1, Guzmán A1, Valdés O1, Rodriguez A1, Laguna A1 and Soto E2

1Centre of Marine Bioproducts (CEBIMAR), CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10 600, Havana City, Cuba; 2Institute of Physiology, BUAP, 14 Sur & San Claudio, Puebla, México; e-mail: [email protected] 3Institute of Neurology, MINSAP, 29 & D, Vedado, Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Natural compounds obtained from marine organisms have proved to be specific pharmacological tools in Neurobiology. Different taxonomical groups have been used as source of new compounds being sponges, molluscs, Cnidarians and seaweeds the most used. Taking in account the richness of Cuban marine ecosystem our work has the goal to find new tools to investigate on neurobiology at a molecular level, and promising molecules or products potentially used for biomedical applications. In the present work we show some results we have obtained in the neuropharmacological characterization of extracts/compounds obtained from different sea anemones and seaweeds. From different sea anemones we have characterized bioactive peptidic compounds acting specifically on receptors and voltage activated ionic channels. Additionally, we evaluated some neuropharmacological effects of extracts/compounds obtained from different seaweeds combining behavioural and electrophysiological techniques. The results support the interest in continuing the work with at least two of the studied seaweeds. L16- AGONIST LIGANDS OF NEURAL NACHR IN LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTIONS FROM THE TENTACLES EXTRACT OF THE PELAGIC COELENTERATE COLONY Physalia physalis Castañeda-Pasarón O1, Rodríguez-Alfonso A 2, Pérez-Saad H 3, López-Sánchez T1, Bermúdez-Díaz I4 1Dpto. Biología Animal y Humana. Fac. de Biología. Universidad de La Habana. Cuba. 2Lab de Química. Centro de Bioctivos Marinos. CITMA. La Habana. Cuba. 3Lab de Neurología Experimental. Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía. La Habana. 4Lab de Neurofarmacología. School of Biological and Molecular Sciences. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. England. Nicotinic receptors are pentameric ligand-gated cation channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The major brain subtypes seem to be the α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. They are located in presynaptic terminals or extrasynaptic sites, exerting a predominant modulatory action in CNS. A modulatory action offers attractive therapeutic opportunities and that is why the current interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as therapeutic targets for diverse neurological and psychiatric conditions, has led to the development of nicotinic drugs with more subtype selectivity as a major goal of pharmaceutical industry. In this sense, the abundance and diversity of marine organisms as well as their pharmacological potential have led us to search for substances acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtypes, from the tentacles extract of a coelenterate colony arriving to Cuban seashores between February to March. The extract was prepared for further chromatography separation of active fractions. A purification strategy consisting of gel filtration separations in Sephadex-G50, Sephadex G-25 and HW-40 followed by one reversed-phase step was lined to achieve such purpose. Previous evidences in rodent behavioral experiments suggested the presence of neuroactive cholinergic compounds in the low molecular weight fractions from the first chromatographic steps. After chromatography procedure, three (numbered 1, 2 and 3) very hydrophilic low molecular fractions where tested for their capacity to displace 125I bungarotoxin and 3H-cytisine, from α7 y α4β2 receptors from cultured mammal neurons. Experiments based in two-electrode voltage clamping of Xenopus laevis oocytes, injected with cDNA coding for neural human α7 and α4β2 receptors subtypes, were carried out to determine the physiological activity. One of these fractions was analyzed by mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of low molecular weight compounds in the range 200-600 Da. From these results we conclude that in the aqueous extract of the coelenterate analyzed there are very hydrophilic low molecular weight compounds which act as agonists upon α7 and α4β2 subtypes of nACh receptors. A next goal will be to achieve a higher purification degree that allows us the full chemical and pharmacological characterization of such compounds.





43

L17- COMPOUNDS WITH PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OBTAINED FROM MARINE MICRO-ORGANISMS Ortiz E, Morales M, Núñez R, Miranda A, Fonseca E, Batista C, Cabranes Y, Caballero V, Paneque K, Martínez C, Díaz Y, Pizarro R Centre of Marine Bioproducts, CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10600, Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Marine biodiversity is extremely high, a direct consequence of the extraordinary variability of the marine biosphere. The potential of marine organisms for commercial development and exploitation impinges on virtually every area of biotechnology. The biological activities of bacterial strains belonging to Marine Microorganisms Collection (Centre of Marine Bioproducts) isolated from the Cuban platform were evaluated. The results evidence the biotechnological potential of these isolates ones since they presented activity against human pathogens considered clinically ace unsociable, and also versus fish and plant pathogens. Microorganism´s potentially producing surfactants, hemolytic and proteolytic activity, antitumour and anti-inflammatory agents were also detected. In another hand the 25 % are capable to the degrade hydrocarbons in different conditions. From several screenings we found isolates having three, four or five biological activities. As many as 57% of the bacteria present in the collection showed wide-spectrum activities. L18- RESULTS OF THE BIOREMEDIATION STUDIES DEVELOPED AT CEBIMAR AND ITS APPLICATIONS Núñez-Moreira R, Ortiz E, Oramas J, Fonseca E, Villaverde M, Bellota M, Riverón L, Martínez J, Garcia A, Barbán O, Cabranes Y, Batista C, Miranda A, Paneque K, Díaz Y, Martínez C, Pizarro R Centre of Marine Bioproducts, CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10600, Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Bioremediation is based on the idea that organisms are capable to take in things from the environment and use it to enhance their growth and metabolism. With this unique characteristic lay the fundamental principle of Bioremediation, to use microorganism to take in contaminated substances from the environment or convert it to a nontoxic form. Bacteria, Protista, and fungi are well known for degrading complex molecules and transform the product into part of their metabolism. In the Center of Marine Bioproducts (CEBIMAR) we have developed two products against oil pollution, based on in mixed cultures of five marine bacteria, there are patented and called BIOIL and BIOL-FC. This bioproduct was use in different oil spill in Cuban coastal zone like Bay of Matanzas, Bay of Cienfuegos, Bay of Levisa, Varadero Beach and Jibacoa Beach with good results supported by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography. Another hand we demonstrated they capacity of degradation of different fraction of oil, included the asfaltenes. In all cases, the oil removal was higher than 75 % in only 30 days. L19- COSMETICS OBTAINED FROM THE SEA. A CUBAN EXPERIENCE Laguna A, Rodríguez M, Regalado E, Hernández Y, Rodríguez A, Valdés O, Alejandre L, Cuquerella E Centre of Marine Bioproducts, CITMA, Loma & 37, Vedado, PC 10600, Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] The use of natural substances in cosmetic industry has gone in increase, for this reason they have been investigated and valued the goods of diverse natural compound and in particular that of marine origin with the purpose of obtaining new preservatives with very well defined biological estates. Different extracts of algae are used as preservatives in formulations for the care of skin and hair, these preservatives, mainly polysaccharides and tannins, have been applied as anti-rust, bacteriostatic, wetter and blocking UV. Cuba like a tropical archipelago possesses a great biological diversity in its marine funds that constitutes an important source for these substances. This work approaches to obtain a product named BM21 of a marine plant (patent CU 22931) which was characterized chemically and valued biological and toxicological with perspectives application as a preservative bioactive for cosmetic formulations. BM21 can





44

eliminate or alleviate the lesions provoked by photo damage, it has anti-rust properties, it is non toxic, and fulfils the microbiological requirements and is stable and maintains its physical-chemical characteristics at least for 12 months. Also, other seaweeds were evaluated and some of them can eliminate or alleviate the lesions provoked by photo damage, having anti-rust properties and being non toxics preparations.

CONFERENCIAS PLENARIAS (PL) O CONFERENCIAS (L) / PLENARY LECTURES (PL) OR LECTURES (L)


PL05- THE CUBAN PROGRAM OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE MINISTRY OF HEATH. A REALITY AND A CHALLENGE FOR THE GROWING DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHARMACOLOGY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Morón F Faculty of Medical Sciences “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] In 1987, the Cuban Ministry of Health organized its first Medicinal Plant Research Program. It main aim was to validate Cuban people most frequently used plants which were obtained with a national ethnomedical survey. At the same time, a national project to develop Pharmacology and Toxicology took place in a close relation to herb and natural products research. Few years latter, the national government and health authorities requested an expert group to review the aims and organization of the herb research in other to get herbal drugs to treat health problems and to diminish the lack of drugs which were expected due to end of Socialism in East Europe and the increased US blockade. Early results were a list having 51 plant/part/uses which were approved by a Health Ministerial Resolution signed on May 5th, 1990 and a publication concerning most used medicinal plants, named FITOMED. Other important releases were: national guidelines for drugs and extracts, herb harvest, herb research, and more than 300 results of the research project to give scientific basis to phytotherapy at the national health system. The program has being reviewed and refocused sometimes according to health system requests. Scientific outcomes have being soon introduced to heath practice, to medical sciences education, and to people education. PL06- PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS: VETERINARY AND HUMAN NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS Marrero Faz E Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, National Centre for Animal and Plant Heath Cuba, CENSA, Apdo. 10, San José de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba. E-mail:[email protected] Introduction: The rich Cuban plant biodiversity offers to Public Health and Veterinary Medicine important therapeutic alternatives. At CENSA research projects focused to obtain natural health product (NHP) represent one of the main goal. The present work shows some of the examples approaching of NHP from tropical plants, Bromelia pinguin L., Rhysophora mangle L., Allophyllus cominia. Material and methods: Plants were deposited at National Botany Garden for authenticity. Bromelia pinguin L. antihelmintic activity was study in Holstein calves experiments for veterinary purpose. Pulp aqueous extract of mature fruits (100 and 500 mg) where tested. Rhysophora mangle L bark aqueous extract HPLC was analyzed and extract evaluated for antiseptic and wound healing effect in preclinical and clinical trials (GLP, GCP). Toxicity evaluated according OECD protocols. Formulation Technology processes adapted conveniently for industrial production (GMP). Results: Allophylus cominia (L.) Sw aqueous and organic lives extracts, were tested for hypoglycemic effect on diabetic and non-diabetic rat models. Bromelia pinguin treated calves showed no eggs in faeces t and no adult parasite in the necropsy 72 hours after treatment. Rhysophora mangle L. showed 80% polyphenols with a variety of structures of hydrolyzables and condensed tannins. Preclinical and clinical trials showed a strong antiseptic and wound healing effects. Non toxic effects were obtained. A Rhysophora mangle formulation for human (CIKRON-H) and veterinary (CIKRON) use was obtained. Industrial production and technology processes conveniently adapted (GMP). Allophylus cominia (L.) Sw aqueous extract in reiterated and an organic





45

extract in simple, oral doses, showed hypoglycemic effect on in vivo rat experiments. Conclusions: New natural products from tropical plants investigating at CENSA are very promising for human and veterinary health as well. The opportune Intellectual Property Rights strategy (IPRs), based on patents and / or enterprise secret, protecting results from research projects have represented important tools for commercialization. Acknowledgments:I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Christopher Brandford-White, IHRP Director, London Metropolitan University, UK and Prof. Alan Harvey, SIDR Director, Strathclyde University, Glasgow for the opportunity offered to collaborate with CENSA staff on natural products research. Thanks are due to The Cuban Minister of Public Health and The Cuban Minister of Higher Education for financial support of the projects. References: 1. De Armas E. et al (2005).Current Medical Research and Opinion, 21(11): 1711-1715.2. Fernández O. et al (2002). Fitoterapia 73, 564-568. 3. Melchor, G. et al (2001).Fitoterapia 72, 689-691. 4. Sánchez LM et al (2001). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77, 1-3. 5. Véliz, T. et al (2004) Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas 35, 71-76. 6. Marrero, E. et al Fitoterapia, (2006). June Vol. 77 (4), pp. 313-5. PL07- SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF COMMONLY USED HERBS, VITAMINS AND SUPPLEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION – AN EVIDENCE-BASED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Dugoua JJ1,2,3, Mills E1,4, Perri D4, Koren G3,5 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine. 2Toronto Western Hospital – University Health Network. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto. 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University. 5Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] Background: There is a lack of basic knowledge on the part of both clinicians and patients as to the indications for use and safety of herbs used during pregnancy and lactation. Objectives: To systematically review the literature for evidence on 1) efficacy, 2) safety/harm during pregnancy and lactation, and 3) pharmacology of 60 commonly used herbs, 9 commonly used supplements and 6 commonly used vitamins. Methods: We searched 7 electronic databases and compiled data according to the grade of evidence found. Results: We found varying levels of evidence on clinical efficacy of herbs, supplements and vitamins for different medical conditions. We found fair level of evidence of harm during pregnancy for barberry, Oregon grape, goldenseal, blue cohosh, parsley, calamus, juniper, pennyroyal and deadly nightshade. We found very good to good levels of evidence of safety for garlic, horsechestnut seed extract, Echinacea, Korean ginseng, ginger, fish oils, Lactobacillus sp., St John’s wort, vitamins (D, E, K, B6, folic acid). Conclusions: A number of herbs show evidence of being effective aids for a number of conditions, however, some safety concerns are important to highlight for women considering the use of certain herbs during pregnancy and lactation. PL08-.CANNABIS: A TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE BACK INTO THE PHARMACY Prieto JM University of London, UK No disponible al Cierre de la Edición de este Programa / Not available to the Closing of this Program Edition PL09- PRE-MARKET ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCTS IN CANADA Omar S Traditional Products Unit, Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] In Canada, natural health products are subject to the Natural Health Products Regulations under the authority of the Food and Drugs Act. The Natural Health Product Regulations which came into force on January 1, 2004 are the result





46

of a comprehensive and inclusive consultation process with Canadian consumers, academics, health care practitioners and industry stakeholders, and are a part of the Government’s response to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health’s report and 53 recommendations on the regulation of natural health products in Canada. All natural health products require a product licence before they can be sold in Canada. Obtaining a licence will require submitting detailed information on the product to Health Canada, including: medicinal ingredients, source, potency, non-medicinal ingredients and recommended conditions of use(claim, dosage form, duration of use, route of administration, frequency, and cautions and warnings including contra-indication and known adverse reactions). To ensure the product quality, Good manufacturing practices for natural health products must be employed in the manufacture of these products and a detailed specification with respect to identity, purity and quantity of the product should be submitted. The talk will cover the different requirements of evidence required for the pre-market assessments of natural health product in the traditional, non-traditional and compendial streams. PL10- REGULATORY STATUS OF HERBAL MEDICINES Remirez D National Centre of the State quality control of drugs (CECMED). Email: [email protected] In the last decade there has been a global upsurge in the use of traditional medicine and complementary and alternative medicine in both developed and developing countries. This is one of the main reasons for reinforcing the surveillance of the safety, efficacy and quality control of traditional medicine, complementary and alternative medicines. This work describes important aspects about the art state of the regulatory status of herbal medicines as well as the main requirements for the registering of herbal medicinal products. Besides that, data related with the countries involved in the WHO program for traditional medicine will be showed. Another important aspect is, the importance of clinical trials in order to guarantee the safety quality and efficacy of NHP, the main mistakes in Clinical Trials of natural products are explained. The market and the main challenges are analysed in the investigation of the phytomedicines as well as the tendencies in the growth of this attractive sector. The strategies for the development of herbal medicinal products are showed as well as some of the interactions between natural and synthetic drugs. The natural health products are considered a very important source for the health.

COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS (CO) MARTES, 21 DE NOVIEMBRE / TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 21

CO01- EFFECT OF PROPOLIS AND ITS POLYPHENOLIC/FLAVONOIDS COMPOUNDS ON DNA DAMAGE INDUCED BY RADIATION TO MOUSE LYMPHOCYTES Oršolić N1, Benković V1, Horvat-Knežević A1, Kopjar N2, and Ivan Bašić1

1Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; 2Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia This study assessed the antioxidant potencies of several widespread flavonoids present in propolis and proplis alone. CBA mice were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with two preparation of propolis (water and ethanolic extract of propolis; WSDP or EEP) and propolis polyphenolic compounds (caffeic acid, naringin, chrysin, quercetin) at dose of 100 mg kg-1 body weight for 3 conecutive days before or after whole body γ-irradiation (WBI). Synthetic protector 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET) was used as a positiv control. Mice were exposed to WBI with 9 Gy of 60Co γ-radiation source. Therty min after iradiation and/or treatment with test components we examined DNA damage of lymphocytes using the single-cell gel electophoresis assay (comet assay). The WBI of mice resulted in a significant elevation of DNA damage of lymphocytes as compared with unradiated mice.Pretreatment of mice with WSDP or EEP and flavonoids produced the reduction in oxidative DNA damage of lymphocytes as compared with control and they were ranked in decreasing order of potency as follows: naringin (2.98%); chrysin (16.84%); quercetin





47

(33.67%); AET (48.52%); caffeic acid (49.51%); EEP (53.47%); and WSDP (54.46%), respectively. Also treatment with propolis and its polyphenolic/flavonoids compounds after irradiation resulted in a significant reduction of DNA damage as follows: caffeic acid (32.31%); AET (75.39%); naringin (78.46%); EEP (80%); chrysin (83.08%); quercetin (84.62%); and WSDP (89.24%). These data suggest that WSDP and EEP are more protective than flavonoids from propolis alone. Data are also consistent with the hypothesis that radioprotective activity of EEP and/or WSDP related to synergistic antioxidative effect of components present in EEP or WSDP. CO02- CYTOTOXICITY OF PROPOLIS AND ITS POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ON PRIMARY CULTURE OF HUMAN URINARY BLADDER TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA Nada Oršolić1, Damir Štajcar2, and Ivan Bašić1

1Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia;2General Hospital, Urology Department, Meštrovićeva b.b. 42000 Varaždin, Croatia This study was carried out to find whether propolis and its polyphenolic/flavonoids compounds may induce cytotoxicity in primary culture of human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells as compared to normal urinary bladder epithelial cells. Pieces of TCC or normal epithelial tissue were collected by transurethral surgery from patients in different stages (grade G1,G2, G3) of TCC. Incubation of TCC cells for cytotoxicity testing were carried out with or without diffrent concentration (50, 150, 300 µg/ml) of test components. The cytotoxicity of two preparations of propolis (water and ethanolic extract of propolis; WSDP or EEP) and its polyphenolic compounds (caffeic acid, naringin, chrysin, and quercetin) was determined using trypan blue exlusion assay. Findings suggest that EEP is the most effective in inhibition of urinary bladder TCC cell proliferation as compared to WSDP or single flavonoids derived from propolis. All test components showed no cytotoxicity to normal epithelial cells. The result of this study may provide great impact on the potential activity of EEP as an adjuvant to surgery, to suppress or prevent tumor recurrence in urinary bladder since only a few anti-cancer drugs have been effective in tumor control. Since immunomodulation by BCG has been used to impruve the results of surgery it is likely that propolis preparation (EEP) as immunomodulating compound may be a substitute for mycobacterial treatment since propolis preparation or its polyphenolic components have expressed no side effect after treatment in animal models. CO03- THERAPEUTICS EFFICACY OF THE ULCEPROL CREAM. RESULTS OF A STUDY IN TWO HOSPITALS Bermúdez Ia, Frómeta Vb and Suárez Cc

aOriente University. Faculty of Natural Sciences. Department of Pharmacy. Patricio Lumumba s/n. Santiago of Cuba City. Cuba. email: [email protected] b“Joaquín Castillo Duany” Military Hospital. Santiago of Cuba city. Cuba. c“Saturnino Lora” Provincial Hospital. Santiago of Cuba city. Cuba. Introduction: Propolis (bee glue) is of interest to science due to its several therapeutics uses in traditional medicine which have not yet not been totally investigated. The use of propolis in traditional medicine and its demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobian properties encouraged the Pharmacy Department of the Oriente University in 1992 to elaborate a cream with propolis collected in the Manzanillo area and Contramaestre area to make its clinical use easy and to study the effects of the propolis on the patients with diabetic foot. Material and methods: The investigation was carried out on 240 patients with diabetic foot ulcers and 60 healthy subjects with age, sex and race similar to the sample of the population. The clinic essay was carried out according to the Helsinki Declaration was double blind, controlled, stratified according to the size of the lesion with inter-individual or in parallel comparison and involved 2 hospitals of Santiago of Cuba city. Serum samples were collected, before and after of the treatment and the samples were assayed for the determination of serum susceptibility to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity. (Ozdemirler G y col. 1995). Wound sample was harvested and used for microbiological analysis and ulcer areas were measured by tracing and subsequent electronic planimetry. Results: The results indicated that the creams had a significant antimicrobial effect in ulcers infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and that the propolis has regulator effect over the redox status because these patients show a susceptibility to the lipid peroxidation under of 2460±6,22 nmol/L and an antioxidant capacity greater than 66,2±10,2%. Conclusions: These results suggest that Ulceprol creams elaborated with propolis of the different areas keep the antimicrobial and





48

antioxidant effects and help to the healing of the ulcers. Ulceprol cream is an alternative in the treatment of the diabetic foot. CO04- PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS GEL Amaral RRC, Rocha WMS, Abreu SRL, Santos VR Department of Clinic Pathology and Surgery. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Propolis has been exhibits in vitro antimicrobial properties against periodontal pathogens microorganisms. The aim of this study was to observe the Brazilian Green Propolis gel (BGP) eficacy treatment in patients with gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis (CP). Four patients, 1 male and 3 females, 36, 42,46, 51 years old age, presented rooth calculus , gingivitis, oedema, bleeding, gingival recession, pocket depths, attachment loss, suppuration, tooth mobility and alveolar bone loss was submitted at BGP 15% treatment . The patients’ mouths were divided in four quadrants. Superior Right (SD) - BGP irrigation; Superior Left (SL) – scraping/ smoothing dental root (RAR) and pocket depths BGP irrigation; Inferior Right (IR) - RAR; Inferior Left (IL)- was the control. Dental brushing with BGP and washing mouth with propolis solution daily was carried through during the treatment. BGP was applied in each periodontal pocket 1 time week, during 5 weeks, having used barren dismissable syringe. The results shown a regression of 95% gingivitis and suppuration in all the teeth irrigated with BGP, as well as a pocket depths reduction in all unsubmitted and submitted teeth previously to the RAR. Do not observe alveolar bone reorganization. It was observed an increase of gingival contraction and dental mobility reduction. In this clinic study, the patient treated with the BGP showed periodontitis/gingivitis regression. It means that the 10% BGP used, in the therapeutic method assigned in this research is effective in the treatment of Chronic Periodontitis. The propolis gel efficacy in periodontitis treatment is Public Health of great interest in Brazil. Other studies with significant number patients are necessary for statistical analysis confirmation of these results. Acknowledgments: Dentistry Studies Centre IPSEMG/ PharmaNéctar® CO05- PRODUCTOS NATURALES EXISTENTES EN EL PROPOLEO BRASILEÑO Y SUS DERIVADOS SINTÉTICOS PRESENTAN PROPIEDADES ANTITUMORALES Quincoces J1, Rando DG1, Augusto-Maria D2, Galvonas M3, Hamilton G4, Estrada E5, Carvalho J6 1Grupo de Síntese Orgânica, Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo, Brasil. 2Instituto Butantan de São Paulo, Brasil. 3Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil. 4Universidad de Viena, Austria. 5Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España. 6Universidade de Campinas, Brasil. 1Rua Maria Cândida, 1813. Vila Guilherme. CEP: 02071-013 São Paulo, Brasil Email: [email protected] El propóleo brasileño es un producto natural formado principalmente por fenoles poli-funcionales que han mostrado propiedades anti-neoplásicas, entre otras actividades biológicas relevantes. En el presente estudio fue realizada una predicción de las propiedades antitumorales de productos naturales y derivados existentes en el propóleo brasileño mediante los programas computacionales TOPS-MODE. Los productos con mayor probabilidad antitumoral potencial fueron sintetizados a partir de fenoles. Las actividades antiproliferativas in vitro fueron determinadas con ayuda de los métodos de Sulforodamina B, MTT y MTT modificado en diversos tipos de células tumorales humanas. Fueron empleados en los ensayos in vivo ratones C57BL/6J a los que se les implantaron tumores de melanoma determinándose posteriormente la actividad antitumoral de los compuestos. Los derivados de la vanilina mostraron una actividad antitumoral in vivo significativa. Los derivados fenólicos prenilados exhibieron una alta acción anti-proliferativa contra células tumorales humanas de pulmón, mama, colon y páncreas sin afectar los fibroblastos. Se concluye que se obtuvieron resultados muy destacados en los ensayos anti-proliferativos in vitro e in vivo efectuados a compuestos pertenecientes a 6 familias de productos naturales y sus derivados con una baja toxicidad. Referencias: 1. Quincoces, J. et al.(2003) Brazilian Patent PI 02007141-0 (PCT/Br 03/00177, 2003; USA No PCT/Br 2003/000177; Japan No 2004-554088; Europa No 03773364.9. 2. Quincoces, J., et al.,Patente DE 102005044156.4, 2005. [3] Quincoces, J,, et al.,Patente DE 102004032711.4-44, 2004.





49

CO06- THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Serenoa repens EXTRACT IN HUMAN PROSTATE Habib-Fouad K and Buck C Prostate Research Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the University of Edinburgh, 4th Floor, MRC Human Genetics Building, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU Medical therapies derived from natural sources have been used for centuries and many are recognised for being as effective as synthetically based medications. The use of plant derived medication for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia is no exception. In particular extracts of the fruit of the American Dwarf Palm (Serenoa repens, saw palmetto) are widely available and their use is rising throughout the world. The underlying basis for the popularity of Serenoa repens extracts (SrE) stems from their safety and tolerability profile. However, in spite of their extensive use, the mechanism of action of SrE has not been definitely clarified. In the present report, we will survey the scientific basis for the efficacy of this drug in the treatment of prostate diseases and explore the mechanism(s) by which SrE may induce its clinical benefits. In particular, we will concentrate on the action of Permixon®, a lipido-sterolic extract commercialised by Pierre Fabré Medicament. This brand has been subjected to greater scrutiny and involved in more clinical trials and pharmacological analyses than any other preparation of SrE. Permixon® is selective for prostate cells since cells derived from breast, skin, epididymis, testes and kidney appear not to be susceptible to the drug. Treatment of prostate cells with Permixon® damages the intracellular membrane of the cells and ultimately induces apoptosis. The compound has also been shown to be a non-competitive inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate. Additionally, Permixon® has been found to exhibit anti-oestrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties; the latter mediated via the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes associated with the synthesis of prostaglandins in target cells. So far, we have been unable to identify the nature of the active ingredient in SrE responsible for the action of the drug. However, preliminary data suggests that this might be induced in part by free fatty acids alone or in combination with phyto-oestrogens present in the extracts. This talk will review some of these biological properties and explore the impact of phyto therapy in the treatment of prostatic diseases. CO07- TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA IN DIFFERENT POBLATIONAL GROUP. EFFICACY OF TWO PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS OF NATURAL IRON (TROFIN & NEOTROFIN) Aznar-García Ea, González HRa, González Ma, Díaz BYa, Barquié Mb, González Mb, Moroño Mb, Carrasco Mb and Leyva Bb aCentro Nacional de Biopreparados. BioCen. Apartado 6048. Habana 6. Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. bPoliclínico Elpidio Berovides. La Lisa. Hospital Pediátrico “William Soler”; Centro Iberoamericano para la Tercera Edad. Hopital “Salvador Allende”. Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia in a common problem. It’s commonly treated by giving iron salts, but the salts preparations cause adverse effects, and the treatment wasn’t continued. These observations suggest that other new products with an other iron may be an alternative for obtain products with high absorption, efficacy an tolerability. We obtain an antianaemic and restorative product developed from natural raw materials, and its composition includes proteins, peptide, aminoacids and minerals (ferrous iron) and bee honey. The objective is the study the efficacy and tolerability of these products Neotrofin and Trofin in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Material and methods: Two pharmaceutical formulas was elaborated: oral solutions (Trofin/Biotrofer) and tablets (Neotrofin) with an anti-anaemia action.In the Clinical trials studies follow the Good Clinical Practices of these protocols. Audlts patients with anemia were enrolled into this group (610 patients; 1005 children’s and 247 pregnant women. These one was administrated with Trofin solution. Neotrofin tables were evaluated in pregnant womans. Hematological indicator was studied before and after the treatment administrations. Results: The increase in hemoglobin, with Trofin was in moyens value 98g/L and 118 g/L before and after treatment. The efficacy was 90.5 %; In the children populations; 90.2 % in the adults and 85 % in pregnant womans. In this group there is difference with Neotrofin (tablets) with 90 % efficacy. An increase in serum iron was demonstrated. The Comparative Clinical Trials between Trofin and iron salts showed in children the following advantages of this Trofin in these one none adverse reaction. These results showed that natural iron has high solubility and absorption. Conclusions: Trofin, Neotrofin are products with a high biological value to





50

prevent and treat iron deficiencies; for the efficacy and tolerance, it is a product of choice for all ages. The studies that allowed to obtain the Sanitary Register in Cuba, and others country. CO08- CLINICAL TRIALS ON THE EFFICACY OF AN EXTRACT OF Rhizophora mangle, L. BARK EXTRACT IN SKIN AND MUCOSA WOUNDS HEALING Fernández Limia O,a de Armas E,a Sarracent Yb and Dalla Gc aCENSA, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba, bHospital Docente “Freire de Andrade”, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. cHospital Militar Docente “Carlos J. Finlay” Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The antiseptic and wound healing stimulating effects of Rhizophora mangle, L bark extract (RMBE) were evaluated in a model of skin open surgical wounds and in another of not induced oral wounds (aphthous ulcers). Material and methods: Thirty seven patients with open wounds of surgical interventions by pilonidal sinus (23, 62.2%) and cysts (14, 37.8%), were voluntarily recruited in a comparative, single blinded clinical study, which were random distributed in 3 groups of treatment: RMBE once a day, twice a day and mercurochrome (Merbromin) twice a day. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated weekly since 10 to 12 days after surgery until 6 weeks through the reduction of the wounds’ area by digital images planimetry and the security by the registration of adverse effects. The initial area was taken in consideration as covariable in the Lineal Generalized Model employed for ANOVA analysis. In order to evaluate the wound healing effect in oral mucosa, 32 patients with aphthous ulcers were recruited in a controlled single blinded, random clinical trial, 15 were treated with Placebo and 17 with RMBE from Monday to Friday, topically once to the day. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated through the aphthae evolution by clinical observation. Results: In all cases of skin wounds treated with RMBE a fine dark layer, covering the wounds, was observed. There were differences (p< 0.05) in the reduction of the wounds areas of the groups treated with RMBE once or twice per day compared with the control of mercurochrome since the fourth week of the operation, without finding differences between them. Cases of adverse reactions to the R. mangle formulation were not observed. In oral mucosa wounds group treated with RMBE showed a decrease of 11.67±0.84 to 7.29±0.39 days and of 7.55±0.65 to 3.4±0.27 days in order to reach the conditions of healed and enhanced, respectively (p<0.0001), besides it was capable of diminish the duration of the erythema from 10.54±1.24 to 4.94±0.72 days (p=0.0003), difficulty chewing from 7.43±1.21 to 2.92±0.23 days (p=0.0011) and of soreness from 7.00±0.76 to 2.93±0.49 days (p=0.0001). Adverse effects were not observed. Conclusions: With these studies the beneficial effect of the extract of R. mangle was demonstrated in skin and oral mucosa wounds reducing the time of healing and improving the life quality of patients. Acknowledgements: To Drs. Luis Espinosa (“Freire de Andrade” Hospital) and Jose Capdevila (“Carlos J Finlay” Hospital) for their helpful suggestions and support. CO09- ECHINACEA AND GINSENG FOR IMMUNE ENHANCEMENT AND PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY INFECTION Barrett B University of Wisconsin – Madison, Department of Family Medicine. 777 South Mills, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Many different phytomedicines are used to enhance the immune system and protect against acute respiratory infection. Here we focus on published evidence from human trials testing extracts of Panax (ginseng) and Echinacea species. Methods: We searched MedLine/PubMed and other databases to find reports of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing ginseng or echinacea for immune enhancement and/or prevention against acute respiratory infection (common cold and influenza). Results: Several RCT reports suggest that Panax extracts can effect adaptive (specific) and innate (nonspecific) immune pathways. Double-blinded RCTs by Scaglione (1996), McElhaney (2004), and Predy (2005) suggest that ginseng may prevent respiratory infection and/or reduce symptoms. Scaglione also reports enhanced antibody response to influenza vaccination. Numerous studies report immunostimulating effects of various echinacea extracts, with enhanced macrophage and natural killer cell activity the best established. While at least 16 RCTs have tested echiancea as treatment for respiratory infection, only eight have looked for preventive effects. Of these, three reported significant benefits. The other five trend toward benefit without





51

reaching statistical significance. Pooling data from three “negative” induced cold (inoculated rhinovirus) RCTs, a meta-analysis by Schoop et al. (2006) reports that “the likelihood of experiencing a clinical cold was 55% higher with placebo than with echinacea (O.R. 1.55 [95% CI, 1.02 - 2.36]; p < 0.043.” We could not find reports of RCTs testing echinacea for ability to enhance immune response to vaccination. Conclusions: Randomized controlled trials suggest that ginseng and echinacea phytomedicines may act through immune pathways to protect against acute respiratory infection. Plan: We have proposed a double blind RCT in which 630 adults aged 50 and older would be randomized to ginseng, echinacea or placebo, then followed for eight months, with symptoms and biomarkers (nasal neutrophil, interleukin-8, PCR identification of viruses) assessed for all acute respiratory infections. Subjects would also receive influenza vaccination, with serum antibody level assessed three weeks after vaccination. This research proposal to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine at the U.S. National Institutes of Health was sent June 1, 2006, and not yet been reviewed. References: 1. F. Scaglione, G. Cattaneo, M. Alessandria, and R. Cogo. Efficacy and safety of the standardized ginseng extract G 115 for potentiating vaccination against common cold and/or influenza syndrome. DRUGS EXPTL.CLIN.RES. 22 (2):65-72, 1996. 2. J. E. McElhaney, S. Gravenstein, S. K. Cole, E. Davidson, D. O'neill, S. Petitjean, B. Rumble, and J. J. Shan. A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52 (1):13-19, 2004. 3. G. N. Predy, V. Goel, R. Lovlin, A. Donner, L. Stitt, and T. K. Basu. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal/Journal de L'Association Medicale Canadienne 173 (9):1043-1048, 2005. 4. R. Schoop, P. Klein, A. Suter, and S. L. Johnston. Echinacea in the prevention of induced Rhinovirus colds. Clinical Therapeutics 28 (2):1-10, 2006. See also: 5. B. Barrett, M. Vohmann, and C. Calabrese. Echinacea for upper respiratory infection: Evidence-based clinical review. Journal of Family Practice 48 (8):628-635, 1999. 6. B. P. Barrett, R. L. Brown, K. Locken, R. Maberry, J. A. Bobula, and D. D'Alessio. Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 137 (12):939-946, 2002. 7. B. Barrett. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: A critical review. Phytomedicine 10 (1):66-86, 2003. 8. K. Linde, B. Barrett, K. Wolkart, R. Bauer, and D. Melchart. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1):CD000530, 2006. CO10- BOSWELLIA-GLYCYRRHIZIN-CURCUMIN PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PHASE I/II TRIAL Badria-Farid A1 and Said S 2 1Departments of Pharmacognosy and 2Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Background: Alpha-interferon monotherapy leads to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA clearance in a minority of patients. Although combination therapy with Ribavirin increases efficacy, the sustained response rate is still below 50%.. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of Boswellia-Glycyrrhizin-Curcumin preparation on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA and its safety among Egyptian patients. Methods: 120 patients with chronic hepatitis C, non-responders or unlikely to respond to interferon therapy, were randomized to one of the two groups: Boswellia-Glycyrrhizin-Curcumin treated or placebo. Medication was administered orally thrice daily for 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Results: Within 2 weeks of start of therapy, serum ALT had dropped 15% below baseline (P< 0.02). The mean ALT decrease at the end of active treatment was 72%, significantly higher than the placebo group (6%). Normalization of ALT at the end of treatment occurred in 70% (four of 41). The effect on ALT sustained after cessation of therapy. During treatment, viral clearance was observed: the mean decrease in plasma HCV-RNA after active treatment was 4.1 x 106 genome equivalents/mL (95% confidence interval, 0-8.2 x 106; P> 0.1). No major side-effects were noted. None of the patients withdrew from the study because of intolerance. Conclusions: Boswellia-Glycyrrhizin-Curcumin thrice daily for 36 weeks, lowers serum ALT during treatment and cleared HCV-RNA levels between weeks 24 and 36. The preparation appears to be safe and is well tolerated.





52

CO11- MODULATION OF NF-κB PATHWAY BY Mangifera indica L. EXTRACT (VIMANG®) AS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE OF ITS IMMUNOLOGICAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES García D1, Garrido G1, Delgado R1, Muñoz E2, Leiro JM3 1Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 200 and 21, Atabey, Playa, Havana. Cuba. 2Laboratory of Immunology, University of Córdoba, 3Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Email: [email protected] The transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), is believed to play a pivotal role in immune and inflammatory responses through the regulation of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, enzymes and growth factors. In resting cells, NF-κB is retained in the cytoplasm as an inactive complex with the inhibitor κB (IκB). Cellular stimulation with various agents leads to phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation of IκB. This leaves NF-κB free to translocate to the nucleus, where it binds to κB sites in specific target genes and induces the transcription of genes related with immune and inflammatory response. Vimang® is the brand name of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica L. that contains a defined mixture of components including polyphenols (principally mangiferin), triterpenes, phytosteroids, fatty acids and microelements. This extract has reported anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. This study investigated the effects of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang®) on expression and activation mediated by TNFα of NFκB. Western blot and EMSA on Jurkat cells were used to determine the IκB degradation and NF-κB in the nuclear extract, respectively. The levels of mRNA of NF-κB and IκB were determined by RT-PCR on activated peritoneal murine macrophages. The extract (25 µg/mL) prevented TNFα-induced IκB degradation and the binding of NF-κB to the DNA. Also, the extract at 4-400 µg/mL decreased mRNA levels of NF-κB but did not affect expression of the NFκB inhibitor IκB. In previous studies, we demonstrated that Mangifera indica L. (40-400 µg/mL) reduced levels of mRNA of NOS-2, COX-2, TNFα, IL-1β and GM-CSF on activated macrophages with LPS and IFNγ. The gene transcription of all of these proteins is regulated by NF-κB. These experimental evidences can be explained by the Mangifera indica L. extract modulation of NF-κB. In conclusion, the Mangifera indica L. extract modulates the NF-κB pathway by inhibition of the gene transcription of NF-κB, IκB degradation and the binding of NF-κB to the DNA. This study may help to explain at the molecular level some of the biological activities attributed to the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica L. (Vimang®). CO12- Mangifera indica L. EXTRACT MODULATES TCR-INDUCED NF- κB SIGNALLING IN HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES Hernandez P1, Rodriguez PC1, Delgado R1, Walczak H2

1Department of Biomedical Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PO Box 16042, Havana, Cuba. 2Apoptosis Regulation, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] A particular form of apoptosis induced by repeated T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, known as activation-induced cell death (AICD), maintain the immune system homeostasis. The imbalance in this apoptotic process leads to severe diseases. CD95 ligand (CD95L) expression is crucial in the induction of AICD. TCR engagement results in the activation of several transcription factors including AP-1, NF-κB and NF-AT that cooperatively act on the CD95L promoter to induce de novo transcription. It is well established that NF-κB is activated by oxidative signals produced during TCR signalling. The stem bark extract from Mangifera indica L. (Vimang), rich in polyphenolic compounds, has probed in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. We have previously established M. indica extract protects T cell from in vitro AICD by a mechanism that involves AP-1 and NF-AT signalling. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of NF-κB in the protective effect demonstrated by M. indica extract in T cells. The effects of M. indica extract on TCR-mediated activation of IκB and NF-κB (p65) proteins in the cytosol were examined by immunoblot kinetic analysis in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. TCR activation was mimicked by anti-CD3 antibodies. Our results show, M. indica extract treatment caused a decrease in the constitutive protein expression of NF-κB (p65). We also found, M. indica extract did not influence on IκB degradation but reduced the increase of NF-κB (p65) protein





53

expression induced upon TCR triggering. Our findings suggest that the T cell survival effect of M. indica extract on T cells is associated with its capacity to modulate NF-κB signalling. CO13- Mangifera indica L. EXTRACT (VIMANG) AND MANGIFERIN REDUCE NEURONAL LOSS AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AFTER EXCITOTOXIC INSULTS Lemus-Molina Ya, Sánchez MVb, Delgado Ra, Matute Cb aLaboratorio de Farmacología, Dpto. Investigaciones Biomédicas. Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Cuidad Habana, Cuba. bLaboratorio de Neurobiología, Dpto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España. E-mail: [email protected] . Introduction: High intracellular level of Ca2+, oxidative stress and apoptosis play an important roll in degenerative diseases of Central Nervous System. They can be consequences of glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Due to the importance of oxidative stress on the neural dead evoked by glutamatergic excitoxicity, some antioxidant products have been studied as therapeutic agents. Material and methods: In vitro antioxidant properties of Vimang and mangiferin were analized by 1,1 diphenil -2- picril hidrazil (DPPH). Absorbance was quantified at regular intervals of 10 min for a period of 1 h. Neuronal cultures were obtained from the cerebral cortex of rat embryos (18 days) and maintained for 8 days before the experiment. Neurons were exposed for 10 min to 50 µM of glutamic acid and glicine to evoke excitotoxicity. Neuronal damage was analyzed 3 h after insult. Reactive oxygen species and neural survival were quantified 15, 30, 60 and 180 min after that time using H2DCFDA and Calcein AM assay, respectively. To study the effect of Vimang and mangiferin on the mitochondrial membrane potential, neurons were exposed for 10 min to glutamic acid. 30 min after stimulation, neurons were incubated for 15 min at 370C in TMRE o calcein AM and mitochondrial membrane potential values were measured. Results: Antioxidant properties of Vimang were obtained from 10 min after the incubation and it was maintained for 40 min. Its maximum of neural dead inhibition was 40.16 ± 1.5% when it was used a concentration of 5 µg/ml. Antioxidant properties of mangiferin were observed from 20 min after the beginning of the reaction. Maximum inhibition of DPPH radical production was obtained 20 min latter when a concentration of 6.25 µg/ml was used. This inhibition had a value of 28.13 ± 1.0181%. Both Vimang and mangiferin protected against glutamic acid- induced dead, 30% and 45% respectively. They also inhibited the oxidative stress evoked by the excitotoxic stimulus. Vimang was effective 15, 30 and 60 min post- stimulation and mangiferin was effective 15, 30 y 180 min after insult. On the other hand, neurons recovered the normal value of the mitochondrial membrane potential when they were treated with Vimang at concentrations of 5µg/ml and 2.5 µg/ml. mangiferin had the same effect at concentrations of 25 µg/ml and 6.25 µg/ml. Conclusions: Early modulation of cellular mechanisms triggered by glutamatergic excitoxicity makes Vimang and mangiferin important therapeutic candidates in the treatment of nervous diseases in which excitotoxicity and oxidative stress are present. CO14- ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF Mangifera indica L. STEM BARK EXTRACT AND ITS GLUCOSYL XANTHONE MANGIFERIN Delgado Ra, Rodríguez Ja, Herrera Ba, Rojas Aa, Beltran Aa, Sordo Lb, Nuevas Lb, Garrido Ga, Núñez Ab aPharmacology and b Chemical Analysis Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 16042, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels, is an important process in tissue development and wound healing but becomes pathologic when associated with solid tumor growth, proliferative retinopathies and rheumatoid arthritis. Chemically characterized and standardized Mangifera indica L stem bark extract (MISBE) is used in Cuba for the ethnomedical treatment of cancer and others diseases as antioxidant supplement. Its main chemical ingredient, mangiferin (MF), is a glucosilxanthone which has been known for its immunomodulatory, antitumoral and anti-inflammatory actions. MISBE was assessed in three “in vitro” models for human angiogenesis: human placental blood vessel explants assay, the gel-over-gel and the matrigel assays. In addition, experimental in vivo models of angiogenesis were performed using matrigel and tumors cells. MISBE (12,5-100 µg/mL), present in the culture medium, significantly exhibited an inhibitory effect on capillary tubes formation in the first two assays and did not modified the tubes-like formation of endothelial cells on matrigel. Mangiferin abolished the neovascularization in the sandwich assay. Both, MISBE and mangiferin, were capable of reduce the TNFα induced angiogenesis in mice into





54

matrigel and the tumor neovascularization induced by melanoma B16F1 cells. Others results suggest that the antiangiogenic mechanism could involve the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases degradation. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that the extract possesses antiangiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo with mechanisms that involve the inhibition of the activity of the metalloproteinases, being able to represent a therapeutic alternative of natural sources that could be used after developing further preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of some types of tumors. CO15- FE(III) SHIFTS THE MITOCHONDRIA PERMEABILITY TRANSITION-ELICITING CAPACITY OF MANGIFERIN TO ORGANELLE’S PROTECTION. A POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE MECHANISM TOWARDS PROOXIDANT ACTION OF CATECHOL-CONTAINING ANTIOXIDANTS Pardo-Andreu GL1, Cavalheiro RA2, Naal Z3, Delgado R1, Vercesi AE2, Curti C3

1Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Centro de Química Farmacêutica, Calle 200, Esq. 21, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Tel.: (53 7) 2715067, Fax: (53 7) 2736471. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. 3Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Mangiferin displays an important antioxidant activity on mitochondria (Eur.J.Pharmacol. 513:47-55, 2005), but in the presence of Ca2+ it elicits mitochondrial permeability transition – MPT (Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 439:184-193, 2005), as evidenced by cyclosporine A-sensitive mitochondrial swelling. We now provide evidence by means of electrochemical and UV-Vis spectroscopical analysis that Fe(III) coordinates with mangiferin, both preventing it to display MPT-eliciting capacity, and enabling it to display MPT-inhibiting capacity via reactive oxygen species scavenging, in apparent association with the protection of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and/or membrane protein thiols from oxidation. Accordingly, Fe(III) significantly improved the capacity of mangiferin to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl – DPPH radical, as well as to display antioxidant activity towards t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. We postulate therefore, that coordination with Fe(III) constitutes a potential mechanism protecting catechol-containing antioxidants from inducing MPT, as well as a possibly ideal approach for the use of these compounds in pathological iron overloading. CO16- RESULTS OF RESEARH WITH AN EXTRACT OF Mangifera indica L. (VIMANG®): FROM ETHNOMEDICINE TO CLINICAL TRIALS Guevara M, Álvarez A, Riaño A, Pardo G, Reynaldo G, Garrido G, Delgado R Biomedical Research Department. Centre of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 200 str. and 21 Ave., Atabey, Postal Code 11600. Havana City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] For more than one hundred year the plants have been used as medicinal aims. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), which belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, is widely found in Cuba and in many other tropical and sub-tropical regions, Mango stem bark has been traditionally used like aqueous extract, obtained by decoction, in ethnomedical practice. The Centre of Pharmaceutical Chemistry has within its high-priority lines of work the introduction of this natural product for medical use. The extract has a lot of scientific evidences, related with its pharmacological properties. The first clinical investigation was made with the objective to know the traditional applications, the effectiveness and the potentialities of the extract of Mangifera indica L. in ours conditions. For approximately 10 years, we are working on preclinical demonstration of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulador effects. After that, our institution began the development of a strategy of clinical evaluation, for demonstrating the therapeutic effectiveness of the extract in diverse pharmaceutical forms through controlled clinical trials in diseases with an important inflammatory or/and oxidative stress component that guarantee the introduction of Vimang® like phytomedicine. The present work shows the results of clinical trials until the present time with Vimang® in patients with AIDS, in aging, intense physical exercise, bronchial asthma and its effect on blood coagulation. Besides, this work shows the strategies for the future.





55

CO17- PLANT MEDICINAL: COMPILATION OF CUBAN AUTHORS SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES Castro R, Suárez A, González R, Tillán J, Díaz A, Domínguez MT, Vizoso F Drug Research and Development Center (CIDEM). Pharmaceutical Information Center (CINFA). Ave 26 No. 1605 e/ Boyeros y Puentes Grandes. Plaza. Ciudad de La Habana. CP: 10600. Cuba. E-Mail: [email protected]; [email protected] An informative product is presented in format CD-ROM that contains 621 scientific articles published by Cuban authors between 1968 and 2006. This compilation, in its version 1.0, constitutes the first step in the effort to materialize a source of national information in digital format that contains the biggest volume possible of articles on the thematic one published in national journals and foreigners. For all the works it is available the complete text and you consents to the same one through five indexes: titles of articles, authors, years, publication and institutions. The product has an index of more than 970 Cuban authors and foreigners and the participation of more than 120 scientific and educational institutions. This valuable information resource, supported in multimedia format, also describes the fundamental antecedents that give him origin, as well as the perspectives for the inclusion of new scientific articles.

COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS (CO) MIÉRCOLES, 22 DE NOVIEMBRE / WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 22

CO18- EFFECTS OF RHYNCHOPHYLLINE ON RAT CORTICAL NEURONS STRESSED BY METHAMPHETAMINE Mo ZX1, Xu DD1, Yung KKL2 1School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China. 2Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has been known to induce a psychologic dependence and damage in central nerve system. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is a tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks., which has been long used as a medicinal herb in China. In the present study, the neurotoxicity of MA, the calcium changes involved in the MA dependence and the effects of Rhy on rat cortical neurons treated with MA were investigated. MTT assay were used and the free intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) were determined by the Fluo-3/AM method. The results showed that neurotoxicity of MA was in a dose-dependent manner within the concentration range of 10-150 µ mol/L. The level of [Ca2+] in the cultured cortical neurons was markedly elevated after chronic exposure of MA for 48 h. Rhy had a neuroprotective effect against MA in culture viability. Rhy, at the concentration of 20 µ mol/L, significantly decreased [Ca2+] of cortical neurons pre-treated with MA . The study indicated that NMDA receptors and calcium signalling play important roles in MA dependence. Rhy showed a neuroprotective action against MA in vitro, which resembles the effect of noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. This property of Rhy may also contribute to the neural activity of the origin of Uncaria species plants. These results suggest Rhy may be of benefit to treatment for MA dependence. Acknowledgements: Supported by: the National Science Foundation of China, No.30371773.





56

CO19- THE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF Mitragyna speciosa EXTRACT IN RATS Aziz Z, Latiff A Aishah 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 2Doping Control Center, University of Science, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia Introduction: Mitragyna speciosa KORTH (Rubiaceae) is a tree native to South East Asia and the abuse of the leaves is a growing problem in these countries. The abuse poses a potential drug abuse problem world-wide, as Mitragyna speciosa seeds are currently both sought after and advertised on the internet. Objectives: A drug discrimination procedure was used to determine whether the crude extract was associated with a specific stimulus effect and to characterise these effects in comparison to other psychoactive drugs. Method: Rats were trained in drug discrimination assays to discriminate between a drug (extract) state and a no drug (saline) state under FR10 schedule of reinforcement for glucose rewards in standard Skinner Boxes. Trainings were continued until response rates approximated to a “steady” state. To determine whether mitragynine (the main alkaloid) will generalise to the extract, various doses of mitragynine was substituted with the extract. In an attempt to characterise the discriminative cues of the extract, another four groups of ten rats each were trained to respond differentially to training drugs and saline. The four training drugs were morphine, d-amphetamine, cocaine and pentobarbital. When the rats met the learning criteria, various doses of the extract and mitragynine were administered. Results: Rats trained to discriminate the extract and saline required many training sessions to reach the performance criteria, indicating that the extract produced weak control over differential lever responding compared to the more readily discriminable drugs like d-amphetamine and pentobarbital. Mitragynine showed generalisation to the extract. However, both the extract and mitragynine did not generalise to the four psychoactive drugs tested indicating different discriminative control. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Mitragyna speciosa has weak but unique discriminative stimulus properties and mitragynine may be the psychoactive constituents of the leaves. CO20- BEHAVIOURAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF Ignatia amara CONTAINING COMPLEX HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES Wasilewski BW Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Psychosomatic Institute, Poleczki str. 49, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Objective: With the example of treatment of menopause-related vegetative and emotional disturbances, the author verifies the effectiveness of the use of Ignatia amara plant extracts containing complex homeopathic remedies (IACCHR) by 933 patients. Very low cost of production for IACCHM group treatments and the lack of patent limitation with respect to the composition and manner of manufacture of these preparations, improves importance of this communication. Results: Substantial improvement in psychological and psychosomatic symptoms was observed. Climacteric complaints including depression diminished or disappeared completely in the majority of women. Compared to standard pharmaceuticals, IACCHR treatment was tolerated better and lower risk of side effects was observed. Specific effects in pharmacological tests confirmed psychotropic activity of Ignatia amara. Spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activity was evaluated by rats in the open field test; the influence on acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of conditioned responses were assessed in the passive avoidance situation using the one-trial-learning method. The elevated “plus” maze was used to estimate effects of IACCHR on anxiety. Drug was administered in form of Ignatia Homaccord preparation once at a single dose of 5 drops, or 5 drops was given every 15 min during one hour directly into the stomach. Single or multiple administered Ignatia Homaccord did not change mobility of rats in the open field test, except diminished rearings in 10 min of observation in manifold given Ignatia Homaccord - group of rats; and did not influence on acquisition and consolidation in the passive avoidance situation. This drug used once significantly enhanced retrieval of passive avoidance but used at a multiple doses impaired this process. Ignatia Homaccord given only at the single dose produced significant anxiolytic-like effect in elevated “plus” maze. Conclusions: Main benefit arising from the research conducted for this work is the identification of IACCHM – a new group of treatments, previously unidentified in the psychopharmacological literature. References: 1. Wasilewski B.W. Homeopathic remedies as placebo alternative – verification on the example of treatment of menopause-related vegetative and emotional disturbances. Science and Engineering Ethics, 2004,10, 179-188. 2. Wasilewski B.W.





57

Depression and anxiety symptoms as integrative part of menopausal syndrome – how far anti-depressive treatment should be integrative part of the therapy. J. of Psychosomatic Research , 2004, 56,6, 670. CO21- SURFACEN AND SP-A: PRECLINICAL RESEARCH IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME Blanco-Hidalgo O Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, National Centre for Animal and Plant Heath (CENSA), Apdo. 10, San José de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba. E-mail:[email protected] Introduction: The pharmaceutical application of exogenous natural pulmonary surfactant preparations has shown its efficiency in the therapeutical treatment of neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). In Cuba, the natural exogenous pulmonary surfactant SURFACEN has proved to be effective in RDS. There are evidences that this treatment and addition of protein SP-A might be effective in other lung disease for example Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The present work shows the biophysical, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties of SURFACEN and antioxidant properties of SP-A. Material and methods: SURFACEN from porcine lung lavage was produced and supplied by CENSA and SP-A is obtaining by purification from lung lavage, biophysical properties was measured by interfacial, morphology and thermotropic methods; anti-inflammatory properties by in vitro and animal models and antioxidants properties of SP-A by Fenton system. Results: The results showed that SURFACEN presents properties similar interfacial to the natural surfactant, including the presence of quick transitions bicapa-monocapa, low surface tensions and stability during repeated cycles of compression-expansion. These properties turned out to be superior to those of a commercial exogenous surfactant. From the structural point of view SURFACEN show processes of lateral separation of similar phases to those of the native surfactant and thermotropic properties consistent in transitions of complex phases. SURFACEN administrated intratracheal in rats challenge with LPS, showed the inhibitory effect on myeloperoxidase activity, malonaldehyde levels and total cell number. Also was able to reduce the TNF level produced in LPS-stimulated monocytes and inhibit the ICAM-1 in cell assays. SURFACEN was able to reduce of colony forming units in all types of bacteria tested, showing antibacterial effect on bacteria causing lung disease. Sp-A is able to reduce the TBARS in dexosiribose assays and protects SURFACEN from oxidative stresses.These results demonstrate that SURFACEN can be considering as adequate preparation to improve the physiological status of ARDS patients and and its enrichment with SP-A it will allow to have a more efficient pharmaceutical preparation. Acknowledgments:I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Jesús Pérez Gil, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain for the opportunity offered to collaborate with CENSA staff on lung surfactant research, also to Professor Angel Catala from National University, La Plata, Argentina and Dr Rene Delgado from Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Center. Thanks are due to The Cuban Minister of Public Health and The Cuban Minister of Higher Education for financial support of the projects. References: 1. Blanco O and Catala A (2001) Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 65: 185-190. 2. Sánchez J et al. (2002). Revista Cubana de Farmacia 36: 58-60. 2000. 3 Blanco et al (2000) Applied Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiology, 9: 201 –203.4. Terraza et al. (2005) Biochemical and Biophysical Acta. CO22- CURCUMIN, NORDIHYDRGUIARETIC ACID, QUERCETIN AND RESVERATROL INHIBIT INTERLEUKIN-1-INDUCED ADAMTS-4 (AGGRECANASE-1) GENE EXPRESSION BY IN ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES: NATURAL PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL ANTI-ARTHRITIC AGENTS El Mabrouk M, Ahmad R, Sylvester J and Zafarullah M Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Centre of CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, 1560 Sherbrooke E, Montreal Quebec Canada H2L 4M1 Introduction: Interleukin-1 (IL-1β) is the main proinflammatory cytokine stimulant of cartilage degeneration in arthritis. Aggrecanases (ADAMTS or A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs) are enzymes implicated in tissue remodeling and cleavage of aggrecan core protein between Glu373-Ala374, a major structural protein of cartilage extracellular matrix giving its characteristic compressive stiffness. This study screened for natural products





58

with the ability to inhibit IL-1-induced ADAMTS-4 gene expression in human articular chondrocytes. Methods: Confluent normal human knee articular chondrocytes maintained in serum-free medium were pretreated either with natural products at different doses and stimulated further for 24 h with IL-1β (10 ng/ml). Total cellular RNA was extracted. ADAMTS-4 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) RNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: IL-1β induced ADAMTS-4 RNA in high-density human chondrocyte monolayer cultures. Pretreatment with a leukotreine and c-Fos (component of activating protein or AP-1 transcription factor) inhibitor, nordihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA) suppressed the ADAMTS-4 RNA induction. Quercetin and Resveratrol at 50-100 µM partially reduced ADAMTS-4 RNA induction. Further AP-1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors inhibitor, curcumin partially inhibited aggrecanase-1 induction. The levels of internal control, GAPDH RNA remained consistent. Conclusions: Several natural products can interfere with proinflammatory cytokine signal transduction pathways (such as MAPKs) or their target transcription factors and thus inhibit IL-1 induction of ADAMTS-4 in chondrocytes. Such inhibition warrants further studies on toxicology and potential for reducing ADAMTS-4-driven cartilage resorption in arthritis. Support: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Arthritis Society, Wyeth Canada and Canadian Arthritis Network. CO23- A NOVEL, FULLY DISSOCIATED COMPOUND OF PLANT ORIGIN FOR INFLAMMATORY GENE REPRESSION De Bosscher K1, Vanden Berghe W1, Beck I1, Van Molle W2, Hennuyer3, Hapgood J4, Libert C2, Staels B3, Louw A4 and Haegeman G1 1Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, (V.I.B.) and UGent, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium. 3Département d'Athérosclérose - U.545 Inserm Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue Calmette BP245, 59019 Lille cedex, France. 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, Rep. of South Africa The identification of selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modifiers, which separate transactivation and transrepression properties, represents an important research goal for steroid pharmacology. Here we present that Compound A (CpdA), a plant-derived phenyl aziridine precursor, although not belonging to the steroidal class of GR-binding ligands, does mediate gene-inhibitory effects by activating GR. CpdA exerts an anti-inflammatory potential by downmodulating TNF-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, such as IL-6 and E-selectin, but interestingly, does not enhance GRE-driven genes or induce GR binding to GRE-dependent genes in vivo. The anti-inflammatory mechanism involves both a reduction of the in vivo DNA-binding activity of p65 as well as an interference with the transactivation potential of NF-κB. Finally, CpdA is as effective as DEX in counteracting acute inflammation in vivo, and does not cause a hyperglycemic side effect. Taken together, this compound may be a lead compound of a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents with fully dissociated properties and might thus hold great potential for therapeutic use. CO24- ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IMMUNOMODULATING EFFECT OF PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES Popov SV, Ovodova RG, Golovchenko VV, Koval OA, Markov PA, Nikitina IR, Popova GYu and Ovodov YuS Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia, E-mail: [email protected]

Pectic polysaccharides have been shown to possess potent anti-infectious and anti-tumor activities due to activation of phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) as predominant immunopharmacological effect. The present study is devoted to isolation of pectins from plants of the European North of Russia and an elucidation of their capability to effect on the immunity in dependence of structural features. Pectins (Mw 100-300 kDa) of duckweed Lemna minor (lemnan LM), marsh cinquefoil Comarum palustre (comaruman CP), elephant ear Bergenia crassifolia (bergenan BC) and some other plants were shown to contain the linear α-1,4-D-galacturonan as the backbone and individual branched heterogalacturonans as the “hairy” regions. The following pectins: bergenan, lemnan and comaruman were found to belong to various types of pectic polysaccharides, namely, galacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan and apiogalacturonan, respectively. At oral administration (50-100 mg/kg), lemnan LM and bergenan BC were found to





59

enhance the immune response to oral antigen of laboratory mice. Comaruman CP was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory action in relation to carrageenan-induced paw swelling and acetic acid-induced colitis. Fragmentation of the parent pectins was carried out using partial acidic (2M TFA, 100 °C for 5 h) and enzymic hydrolysis (pectinase “Fluka”) and different fragments of pectic macromolecules were obtained. The galacturonanic backbone was determined to be an active region of the macromolecule of comaruman CP. Galacturonanic fragments of bergenan and lemnan were also found to possess anti-inflammatory effect. Galacturonans (50-200 mkg/ml) obtained were found to diminish adhesion to fibronectin of human neutrophils stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1.6 mkМ) whereas the parent pectins except comaruman failed to influence on cell adhesion. Branched apiogalacturonanic fragment of lemnan LM was shown to mediate immunostimulating effect of the pectin. Lemnan was found to increase a dose of ingested antigen. Thus, the linear galacturonanic backbone and branched region of pectic macromolecule appeared to mediate anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating activity of pectins, respectively. CO25- CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF Metaxya rostrata Virtbauer Ja, Krenn La, Kählig HPb, Hüfner Ac, Marian Bd

a Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. bInstitute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. cInstitute of Phamaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria. dDepartment of Internal Medicine 1, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. The development of new therapeutics for colorectal cancer is an important ongoing task for which tropical plants used in ethnomedicine provide a rich source (Cragg & Newman, 2005). Metaxya rostrata (Kunth) C. Presl is a tropical fern distributed widely throughout Middle America. Suspensions of the pulverized rhizome in water are administered orally in Costa Rican ethnic medicine in the therapy of intestinal tumors. Thus, in the presented investigation an aqueous and a methanolic extract of Metaxya rostrata roots were analysed phytochemically and several compounds were isolated by bio-assay guidance. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts and fractions thereof were determined in cultures of SW480 colorectal carcinoma cells. The extracts showed cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent way. Cell loss was caused by apoptosis as shown by the characteristic morphology of the nuclei. In addition FACS analysis using JC1 as mitochondrial tracker showed loss of mitochondrial membrane polarization in about 25% of the population exposed to Metaxya extracts. In addition, nuclei with increased size suggested a cell cycle block in G2 which was also shown by FACS analysis. The extracts were fractionated by partition procedures with solvents of different polarity to avoid losses by absorption. By sub-sequent testing of the resulting fractions the most promising ones were selected for further fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography (=VLC) and in the next step by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex®LH 20. After this fractionation 2 main fractions contained cytostatic activity causing a cell cycle block and apoptosis. From one of those two trimeric proanthocyanidins, cinnamtannin B-1 and aesculitannin B were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by 2D NMR techniques, thereby finding two interchangeable rotational isomeres for cinnamtannin B-1 in solution. In addition saccharides and sterols such as sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol were identified. Reference: Cragg GM, Newman DJ. (2005) J Ethnopharmacology 100: 72-79.

CO26- ASCORBATE AND HYPOXIC RESPIRATORY REACTIVITY Pokorski M Department of Respiratory Research, Medical Research Center, Polish Academy Sciences, Warsaw, Poland The redox state of carotid chemoreceptor cells is influential in chemotransduction. Ascorbic acid (AA) is present in the cat carotid body where it gets depleted in hypoxia (Pokorski & Gonet, Respir Physiol, 107:213-218, 1997). Supplementation of AA also enhances the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in older human subjects (Pokorski & Marczak, J Int Med Res 31: 448-457, 2003).The role of AA, a water-soluble compound, should be enhanced if it penetrated the lipid bilayers, the target sites of signal transduction. In the present study we addressed this issue by using the lipid-soluble ascorbyl-6-palmitate (AP), given by gavage (600 mg/kg daily for 6 days) to cats. The control group received the vehicle only. The animals were then anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized, ventilated, and subjected to isocapnic hypoxia (7% O2 in N2). The effect of AP on HVR was assessed from the phrenic nerve output.





60

We found that AP significantly augmented the peak stimulation and slowed down the roll-off of the biphasic HVR. The other objective of this research was to study the ability of AP to penetrate both central and peripheral neural tissues, assessed in vitro from HPLC measurements of the ascorbate moiety recovered from the cortex and the carotid body, dissected from the AP-treated or AA-treated cats. HPLC showed that the content of the ascorbate moiety was markedly higher in both cortical and carotid body tissues after AP than that after AA, with the predominance of the carotid body. We conclude that AP is biologically active with respect to respiration and interferes with the hypoxia-sensing mechanisms at the carotid body, the organ that seems to be a target for this reducing compound. CO27- A PLANT POLYPHENOL EXTRACT AMELIORATES THE DISFUNCTIONS OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES IN INFLUENZA VIRUS-INFECTED MICE Toshkova R1, Stefanova Ts2, Nikolova N2, Serkedjieva J2

1Institute of Experimental Pathology and Parasitology, 2Institute of Microbiology, 3Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. Email: [email protected] A semi-standardized polyphenol extract from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. (PC) protected mice from mortality in the experimental influenza virus infection (EIVI). At the same time it was found that PC stimulated in vitro the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and blood polymorphonuclears and suppressed NO production. The current study was undertaken to reveal the effect of PC on the number and functions of alveolar macrophages (aMØ) from PC-treated healthy and influenza virus-infected mice (VIM) and on the production of ROS and RNI. Mice were challenged intranasally (i.n.) with 10 LD50 of influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus. PC (10 mg/kg) was administered by i.n. instillation 3 h before infection. Influenza infection provoked a significant increase of H2O2, ·O2

- and NO production, which peaked on day 9 post infection (p.i.). PC-treatment decreased the release of ROS and RNI; this resulted in reduced lung tissue damage. In the infected and healthy controls PC-treatment induced a continuous 2.5-4-fold rise of the number and migration of aMØ, the maximum being on day 9 p.i. Influenza infection impaired also the phagocyte functions of aMØ; PC-treatment restored them and on day 9 p.i. phagocyte indices reached control values. In healthy mice the phagocyte abilities of aMØ were enhanced markedly after the application of PC. Interestingly, in vitro in the dose of 25 µg/ml, PC did not affect the phagocyte activity and the migration of aMØ. The restoration of the compromised functions of aMØ in VIM was consistent with a prolongation of the mean survival time and reduction of the mortality rate and the infectious virus titer. The obtained results outlined the immunomodulatory properties of the plant preparation and demonstrated its beneficial effect on the oxidative stress response in influenza virus-induced pneumonia. These alternative mechanisms of action might contribute to the overall protective effect in the lethal murine experimental influenza infection. CO28- OZONE OXIDATIVE PRECONDITIONING REDUCES MULTIORGAN DAMAGE AND STIMULATES ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN PERITONEAL SEPSIS INDUCED IN RATS Zamora Za, Guanche Da, González Ra, Hernández Fa, Alonso Ya and Schulz Sb aLaboratory of Biological Assays, Department of Biomedical Research, Ozone Research Center. P. O. Box 6414, Havana, Cuba. bVeterinary Services and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany. Email: [email protected] Sepsis and septic shock are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care units in United Status and many others countries (1). Recently, we demonstrated the protective effect of oxidative preconditioning with low doses of ozone in mixtures with oxygen (OOM) in the acute renal failure induced by cisplatin in rats. Therefore, taking into account the paramount important of septic shock and the multi-organ failure, which provokes its high mortality, we decided to investigate the potential protective effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning (OOP) in an experimental model of peritoneal sepsis induced in male Wistar rats. These animals were divided into seven groups of them each one: 1) non-treated control rats,2) control group with sepsis induced by intraperitoneal injection of rat fecal material (0.55 mg/kg b.w); 3) OOM (0.8 mg/kg, i.p plus sepsis); 4) OOM (2.4 mg/kg, i.p plus sepsis); 5) OOM (4 mg/kg, i.p plus sepsis); 6) oxygen-treated, i.p control plus sepsis; 7) OOM (4 mg/kg, i.p without sepsis. 24 h after the last administration of OOM treatment septic shock was induced. Blood was taken from all the animals for biochemical determination in serum of ASAT, ALAT and creatinine, as well as other biochemical tests





61

indicators of oxidative stress such as GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and TBARS content. Additionally myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured in rats’ lung. The results demonstrated that OOP with OOM is able to restore the endogen antioxidant system, because induced significant increased of the enzymatic activities of SOD, GSH-Px. Also ALAT and ASAT activities and creatinine levels in blood of rats were significant reduced by OOM which provides strong evidence in favor of renal and hepatic protective effects of ozone. Furthermore, in concordance with these findings MPO in rat lung was also decreased in 34 % with the lower dose of OOM used. In summary, OOP is able to decrease the multi-organ damage induced by septic shock and to increase the endogen antioxidant defense as well as several enzymes and markers of multi-organ. References: 1. Angus, D.C., Linde-Zwirble, W.T., Lidicker, C.G., Carcillo, J and Pinsky, R.M. (2002) The epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analyses of incidence, outcome and associated cost of care. Crit Care Med 29: 1303-1310. 2. Ramon, L. Añel., Dellinger, R.P. (2001) Sepsis and bacteremia. In: Conn´s Current Therapy, Rakel RE, Bope ET (Eds.), WB Saunders Co: 56-62. CO29- ANTICOCCIDIAL SCREENING OF Azadirachta indica (NEEM) IN BROILERS Rao-Zahid A1, Iqbal Z1, Akhtar MS2, Khan MN1, Jabbar A1, Sandhu Zia-U-din1 1Department of Veterinary Parasitology, 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected] Anticoccidial screening of Azadirachta indica, fruit (Neem) was carried out in broiler chickens naturally infected with a mixed Eimeria infection @ 50,000 per bird. Powdered Azadirachta indica fruits were administered orally in doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/Kg body weight and their water and methanol extracts in amounts equivalent to 20mg/Kg of the powder were also administered. As a control drug Amprol plus (R) was administered orally. Faecal oocyst per gram (OPG) counts were made by the Mc Master Egg Counting technique. Azadirachta indica powder as well as its extracts in methanol and water significantly (P<0.05) reduced the OPG counts at the dosage levels of 10, 15 and 20 mg/Kg. The percentage reduction in OPG counts on the 3rd, 10th and 15th days after administration of 10mg/Kg body weight of drug were 8.2 ± 5.5, 13 ±8.0 and 22 ± 4.1, respectively. Treatment with 15 mg/Kg body weight of the Azadirachta indica powder produced 18 ± 5, 29 ± 8 and 33 ± 11 percent reductions on days 3rd, 10th and 15th, respective. The respectively OPG reductions in the group treated with 20mg/Kg were 22 ± 8, 70 ± 14 and 85 ± 20 percent. The OPG count reductions at this dose were non significantly different from that of control drug on day 15th. The aqueous extract equivalent to 20mg/Kg body weight of the powder produced percentage reductions of 24 ± 6, 61 ± 11 and 68 ± 16 on 3rd, 10th and 15th days post treatment, respectively. The OPG reduction produced by the methanol extract of Azadirachta indica were 12 ± 6, 58 ± 13 and 78 ± 14 percent on days 3rd, 10th and 15th, respectively, showing a non significant (P>0.05) difference in the OPG count reduction from the control drug on the 15th day. The data suggest that single oral administration of 20mg/Kg of Azadirachta indica fruits and their extracts in methanol and water in equivalent amounts are effective in controlling the Eimeria infection in chickens. However, since at higher doses mortality was observed they should not be used alone for therapeutic purposes in the poultry birds but may be recommended perhaps in smaller amounts along with other herbal ingredients. CO30- COMMERCIALIZATION OF HARUAN Channa striatus BIOMEDICAL PRODUCTS Manan-Mat JA Department of Biomedical Sciences. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University Putra Malaysia. 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Haruan Channa striatus is an indigenous fresh water carnivorous air breathing fish species, widely distributed within the country, both the West and East Malaysia, and other members of the same family Channidae are also found in neighboring countries in the region. The fish is known as natural remedy in traditional medicine, and popular among post-operative patients especially caesarian mothers and injuries due to road accidents to induce wound healing. Furthermore, with the quality of the biochemistry of both wild and cultured fishes are equally good, haruan which contained high level of the essential amino acids and good profile of fatty acids that could directly involves in tissue growth and healing is certainly a promising candidate for future nutriceutical and pharmaceutical products. Obviously this white boneless meaty and tender taste fish is providing a good source of protein, and is a popular restaurant menu in many countries in the region namely Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia. As part of the interesting wound





62

healing physiological and pharmacological properties of the haruan extracts, to name a few are it’s anti-microbial, anti-inflammation, cell proliferation and inducing platelet aggregation. The latest, which is the platelet aggregation, is now the on-going collaborative works to establish the actual mechanism and the bioactive involves in the activity. The other interesting and important of the haruan’s extract, is the anti-nociceptive properties that has been recognized by the Society of Anaesthesiologist as the most original Paper Commendation Award at their Annual Scientific Meeting, in Singapore 17 April 1997. Our group is almost identify the bioactive compound(s), and now working to commercialize our award winning Haruan Based Biomedical Products, while the clinical trials are still on-going activities. I am hoping here to share experiences, looking for outsourcing facilities, establish networking and collaboration especially in area of drug discovery, analytical chemistry and commercialization of biomedical products. CO31- HISTORY OF LATIN-AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN BULLETIN OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (BLACPMA) Martínez JL1, Medina ME2, Garrido G3, Arenas P4, Prieto JM5 1UNICIT, Santiago, Chile; 2TRAMIL Nicaragua, 3Centro de Química Farmacéutica, La Habana, Cuba, 4Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, 5Universidad de Londres, Reino Unido. The first BLACPMA was issued five years ago -after a talk held by José L. Martínez (UNICIT, Chile) and Jorge Rodríguez Chanfreau (CIDEM, Cuba)- as a communication tool to keep informed the Latin-American community on the many events related with Medicinal and Aromatic Plants taking place around the World. This primary objective is still achieved by means of the so-called “supplements” issued in between each bulletin. The official launch of the bulletin took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the Fisrt Latin-American Congress of Phytochemistry, and it was backed by an Editing Board composed by Arnaldo Bandoni, Argentina; Patrick Moyna, Uruguay; Francisco Morón, Cuba, and Lionel Robineau, Guadalupe, recently replaced by María E. Medina, Nicaragua. BLACPMA started to feature scientific contributions in its second year of life. Since then, the number of papers submitted has increased steadily as well as their quality, and some of them are signed by highly recognized authors. We still remember with pleasure the reception of the first European contribution and the surprising arrival of the first African and Asian contributions. Nowadays we are receiving papers from over the World in a regular basis. The complexity of the edition process was increasing accordingly, and it was necessary to engage people specially committed with its supervision. The first ‘supervisor of edition’ was Patricia Landazuri (Colombia), followed by Rita Zeichen (Argentina). Today, this critical task is performed by Patricia Arenas (Argentina) and Gabino Garrido (Cuba). The bulletin was soon indexed by LATINDEX, and recently by the more internationally known INDEX COPERNICUS. This “step-up” was possible after the radical change that BLACPMA underwent under the impulse of José María Prieto (University of London, UK), who, after January 2004, became fundamental in raising the standards of the bulletin, and putting it in the international scientific arena. Proof of this is the fact that articles published in BLACPMA has started to be cited by other articles published by major journals in the field like Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Economic Botany (1, 2). Finally, it is already a few years that under the initiative of Lionel Robineau, we started to work on the idea of organizing our own Symposia. The effort has been fruitful and we are now celebrating at Varadero the First Symposium of BLACPMA that hopefully will be followed by many more. With your help we very much expect to see how BLACPMA continues its evolution until becoming an important reference in the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants field. References: 1. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106: 429-441, 2006. 2. Economic Botany, 60:159–181, 2006. CO32- NATURAL ANTIPLATELET AGENTS García Mesa M 144 Velásquez St., 10600 Cerro, Havana, Cuba. Angiology and Vascular Surgery National Institute. 1551 Calzada del Cerro, 12000 Cerro, Havana, Cuba. E mail: [email protected] Introduction: Antiplatelet agents are useful as antithrombotic drugs. Objectives: To show that natural products could provide new alternatives for antiplatelet therapy. The analysis of the effects of the Policosanol, a by-product from sugar cane wax, in clinical assays is an example. Methods: The following experimental designs have been performed in order to assess the antiplatelet effect of: double blind randomized versus placebo clinical assay of Policosanol (1 mg/day x 12 weeks) in hypercholesterolemic patients. A crossed-over: double blind randomized versus placebo





63

clinical assay of Policosanol (10 mg/day x 7 days) in type II diabetic patients was the second experimental design. A descriptive study on platelet reactivity of atherosclerotic patients consuming Policosanol, aspirin or both was performed too. The decrease of platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma induced by physiologic stimuli (ADP. collagen or epinephrine) was the end point of the pharmacological effect. Results: Platelet aggregation was significantly lower in hypercholesterolemic and diabetic patients treated with Policosanol than in those in the placebo groups. Furthermore, there were not statistical difference among the groups of atherosclerotic patients who were taking Policosanol, aspirin or both with respect to the inhibition of ADP, collagen and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, suggesting the similarities of Policosanol and aspirin with regard to the antiplatelet efficacy and mechanism of action. Conclusion: These results suggest that Policosanol may be an alternative for antiplatelet therapy. CO33- EVALUATION OF PLATELET ANTIAGGREGANT EFFECT OF Hypericum perforatum EXTRACTS AND ISOLATED COMPOUNDS Costa Da, Monteiro MCb, Gonçalves MJc, Almeida-Dias Ab and Dias ACPa aUniversity of Minho (a), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. bPolytechnic Institute of Health - North (b), Rua Central de Gandra,1317, 4585-160 Gandra PRD, Portugal. cSuperior Institute of Health Sciences - North (c), Rua Central de Gandra,1317, 4585-160 Gandra PRD, Portugal. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Platelet activation plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the enhancement of platelet aggregation is a known mechanism that increases the risk of CVD. Hypericum perforatum (St. Johns wort) is an important medicinal plant used for its biological activities such as antidepressive, anti-inflammatory and healing agent. Additionally, f H. perforatum contains several compounds known for their antioxidant activity that could be relevant in the inhibition of platelet aggregation (PA). The aim of our study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of different ethanolic extracts (TEE) and a pure compound (II3-III8 biapigenin) of H. perforatum, on PA induced by different physiological agonists. We tested three H. perforatum TEE: one of in vivo plants, other from in vitro shoots and another from cultured suspension cells; and the compound biapigenin. PA induced by collagen, epinephrine and ADP was studied in platelet rich plasma (PRP), from healthy volunteers. PRP was incubated with several concentrations of the TEE or biapigenin, for 15 minutes, and aggregation was performed using the turbidimetric technique. All tested extracts significantly inhibited PA induced by collagen (1µg/mL), and the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. Comparing the IC50 of all extracts, the most effective was obtained from cultured cells (0,28mg/ml). A similar response was obtained for maximal aggregation rate, evaluated by slopes, which decreased as the tested dose increased for all extracts. In the same way, was observed inhibition in PA induced by ADP (5µM) and epinephrine (10µM). Results obtained with biapigenin indicated that this is an active compound of the plant, as platelet antiaggregant. Our results show that tested extracts of Hypericum perforatum as well as biapigenin, have platelet antiaggregant activity and emphasize the need for further studies. We believe, it could be recognized as a substance with anti-platelet properties and thus considered in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. CO34- SERUM SQUALENE AND NON-CHOLESTEROL STEROLS RELATED TO CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS AND ABSORPTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES Simonen P, Gylling H, Miettinen-Tatu A Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Serum non-cholesterol sterols, cholestanol and plant sterols, campesterol and sitosterol, are known to positively reflect cholesterol absorption and negatively cholesterol synthesis. Opposite associations are obtained for cholesterol precursors, including squalene, cholestenol and lathosterol. We compared non-cholesterols and squalene in serum with those in lipoproteins, and related the values to absolute cholesterol synthesis and absorption of patients (n=33) with type II diabetes, range of body mass index (BMI) being 21-40. Lipids in serum and ultracentrifuge fractions were measured with routine laboratory methods. Gas liquid chromatography was used to measure cholesterol, squalene and non-cholesterol sterols in serum and lipoproteins. Sterol balance technique was used to determine absolute cholesterol synthesis and a double label system for measurement of absorption percentage of dietary cholesterol.





64

Two-thirds of the non-cholesterol sterols were carried in LDL and one-fifth in HDL, whereas squalene was mainly in VLDL and LDL. The synthesis and absorption markers were interrelated in serum and all lipoproteins suggesting intact regulation of cholesterol metabolism. The absorption and synthesis marker ratios to cholesterol were mostly similar in serum and lipoproteins, even though absorption sterols accumulated to HDL and IDL and synthesis markers in VLDL and IDL. The ratios to cholesterol of absorption markers were negatively, those of synthesis markers mostly positively related to BMI not only in serum but also in most lipoprotein fractions, and also to respective absolute synthesis and absorption percentage of cholesterol. Also, the proportions of synthesis marker sterols to those of absorption markers (eg. lathosterol/sitosterol) were positively related to BMI and absolute synthesis and negatively to absorption percentage of cholesterol. The findings indicate that even in patients with type II diabetes, including markedly increased body weight and altered cholesterol metabolism, measurement of serum non-cholesterol sterols and squalene reveals information of cholesterol synthesis and absorption without complicated clinical and laboratory methods. CO35- RED WINE POLYPHENOLS PREVENT CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION: MOLECULAR MECHANISM Pechánová Oa, Bernátová Ia, Babál, Pb, Martínez MCc, Cacányiová Sa, Stvrtina Sb, Andriantsitohaina Rc aInstitute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, bDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Comenius Univ., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, cUniversité Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7034, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Red wine polyphenols have been reported to possess beneficial properties for preventing cardiovascular diseases but their effects on hemodynamic and functional cardiovascular changes in association with their molecular mechanisms are studied much less. Design: The effects of the red wine polyphenols, Provinols™, on arterial hypertension as well as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and vascular remodeling were investigated in rats during chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 40 mg/kg/day), a group receiving Provinols™ (40 mg/kg/day) alone or Provinols™ plus L-NAME. Results: Provinols™ markedly reduced the increase in both blood pressure and protein synthesis in the heart and aorta caused by chronic inhibition of NO synthesis. Provinols™ reduced myocardial fibrosis even though it did not affect LV hypertrophy. In addition, Provinols™ prevented aortic thickening and corrected the augmented reactivity of the aorta to norepinephrine and the attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in NO- deficient rats. These alterations were associated with an increase of NOS activity, a moderate enhancement of eNOS protein expression, with reduction of oxidative stress and a decrease of redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB expression in the LV and aorta. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that Provinols™ partially prevents L-NAME-induced hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling and vascular dysfunction via the increase of NO-synthase activity and prevention of oxidative stress. Thus, the beneficial effects of plant polyphenols in prevention of hypertension may result from their complex influence on the NO balance in the cardiovascular system. Supported by VEGA 2/6148/26, 1/3429/06 and APVV-51-018004. CO36- VITAMIN E PREVENTS FOAM CELL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS Kartal-Özer N Marmara University, Turkey. No disponible al Cierre de la Edición de este Programa / Not available to the Closing of this Program Edition





65

CO37- PRESENTATION OF CENTER OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL INVESTIGATION OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA. DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES IN THE INVESTIGATIONS WITH NATURAL PRODUCTS TOXIMED Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. No disponible al Cierre de la Edición de este Programa / Not available to the Closing of this Program Edition

COMUNICACIONES ORALES / ORAL COMMUNICATIONS (CO) JUEVES, 23 DE NOVIEMBRE / THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 23

CO38- IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AN Echinacea purpurea EXTRACT IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER Elsässer-Beile U1, Bühler P1, WetterauerU1, Rostock M2, and Bartsch H2 1Department of Urology, University of Freiburg, Germany. 2Tumor Biology Center at the University of Freiburg, Germany. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Echinacea purpurea extracts have been applied for immunostimulation for many years. However, the clinical application is based mainly on delivered practical experiences rather than on the results of clinical studies. Since the cell-mediated immune response is controlled by a variety of soluble cytokines, measurements of these substances may be a means for determining the cellular immunological potential. The current report focuses on the measurement of ex vivo cytokine production of patients treated orally with an aqueous extract from Echinacea purpurea in order to evaluate whether these immunological parameters are changed during the treatment. Materials and Methods: 115 patients aged between 32 and 73 years, were entered into the study after curative treatment of breast cancer. These patients were randomly distributed in three groups: A) no therapy (n=35), B) therapy with 8 ml Echinacea extract daily for 3 weeks (n=43) and C) therapy with 24 ml Echinacea extract daily for 3 weeks (n=37). From all patients heparinized blood was taken at day 0, 14 and 21. For cell culture the blood was stimulated with 10 µg/ml PHA or 5 µg/ml PWM for 2 days. In the supernatants the levels of the cytokines IL1-beta , IL2, IL6, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and the soluble cytokine receptors for IL2 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. Results: Comparison of ex vivo leukocyte cytokine production in the blood cell cultures of the patients without treatment (group A) revealed no significant change between day 1 and day 21. In the blood cell cultures of the patients of group B a slight, but not significant increase of IFN-gamma was found. In the blood cell cultures of the patients treated with 24 ml Echinacea extract daily (group C) a significant increase of IL-1-beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and TNF-receptor was seen between day 1 and day 21. Conclusions: Echinacea extract seems to have dose dependent immunostimulatory effects on monocytes and lymphocytes. CO39- INVESTIGATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS FOR ANTI-CANCER PROPERTIES Fouche G, Khorombi E, Kolesnikova N, Maharaj VJ, Nthambeleni R and van der Merwe M

Bioprospecting, Biosciences, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] A collaborative research programme between the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the USA aimed at the screening of plant extracts and identification of potentially new anti-cancer drug leads was initiated in 1999. Plant extracts that exhibited anti-cancer activity against a panel of three human cell lines (breast MCF7, renal TK10 and melanoma UACC62) at the CSIR were screened by the





66

NCI against sixty human cancer cell lines organized into sub panels representing leukaemia, melanoma and cancer of the lung, colon, kidney, ovary and central nervous system. To date 7500 randomly selected plant extracts representing 700 taxa were screened for anti-cancer activity at a single concentration of 100 ppm. Extracts which exhibited a growth inhibition of above 75% for two or more of the cell lines (GI75) were advanced into the dose response assay at a concentration range of 6.25-100 ppm. Extracts which exhibited a total growth inhibition (TGI) of less than 6.25 ppm for at least two cell lines where regarded as potent. The results indicated that a hit rate of 3.4% was obtained based on the number of taxa screened. Although the extracts of these taxa were randomly selected during the screening programme, 88% of these taxa were reported to be used medicinally. The potent plant extracts were evaluated for efficacy at the NCI against a panel of sixty human cancer cell lines over a defined range of concentrations to determine the relative degree of growth inhibition against each cell line. Desktop literature investigations aimed at establishing information on the scientific validation of the plants demonstrating anti-cancer activity were conducted. The extracts of taxa with limited scientifically published information for their anti-cancer properties were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and the active constituents were isolated and identified. Results from this study led to the isolation and identification of known metabolites that have been described in the literature studies and were either patented or published for their use as anti-cancer agents. Anti-cancer activity was demonstrated for several metabolites and a few examples are discussed. These anti-cancer screening results mirrored the NCI experience where essentially, no new plant-derived clinical anti-cancer agents had been found from plants since the discovery of the taxanes and camptothecins in the early (1960-1980) program (Cragg et al, 2005). Based on the outcome of this screening programme, a strategy was employed to target endemic plant species as well as plant species containing selected classes of compounds. An evaluation of these plant species is ongoing. Reference: Cragg G.M. and Newman D.J., Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005; 100: 72-79. CO40- INTRAVESICAL MISTLETOE EXTRACT FOR ADJUVANT TREATMENT OF SUPERFICIAL URINARY BLADDER CANCER Bühler P, Leiber C, Wetterauer U, Elsässer-Beile U Department of Urology, University of Freiburg, Germany. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Patients with superficial bladder cancer are mostly treated by transurethral tumour resection and adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which was shown to reduce tumour recurrence significantly. However, serious side effects of this treatment promoted the search for other immunoactive substances, which to date have failed to show the equal efficacy as BCG. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intravesical mistletoe extract (ME) with respect to tolerability and recurrence rate. Materials and Methods: In a phase I/II clinical trial an aqueous ME, standardised to mistletoe lectin, was administered intravesically to 24 patients with urinary bladder cancer of the stages pTa G2 (n=14) and pT1 G2 (n=10). Four to seven weeks after transurethral resection each patient received 6 instillations at weekly intervals with 50 ml of ME at lectin concentrations between 10 ng/ml and 5,000 ng/ml. Three patients per group received a dose, which was then doubled in the next group. Clinical follow-up consisted of cytology, cystectomy and random biopsies. For determination of cytokine secretion, venous blood and urine samples were taken before instillation, and 2, 6, and 20 hours later. The local historical control group consisted of 18 patients with pTa G2 (n=5) and pT1 G2 (n=13) tumours that were treated with 6 BCG instillations after transurethral resection. Results: The tolerability of the ME was very good at all applied concentrations. None of the patients had local or systemic side effects. Within the observation time of 12 months, the patients treated with ME showed a recurrence rate of 8/24 (33 %). In the BCG treated group the recurrence rate was 5/18 (28 %) and therefore similar in both groups. Comparison of blood and urine cytokine levels brought about no significant alterations before and after instillation of ME. Conclusions: Intravesically applied standardized ME could be a potential alternative adjuvant therapy for superficial bladder cancer.





67

CO41- ANTITUMORAL AND ANTIMETASTATIC EVALUATION OF THE BROMELINA OBTAINED FROM STEMS OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus (L) MERRILL) Báez R1, Hernández M2, Vásquez A1 1Carretera a Moron, CP: 65200, Ciego de Ávila. Cuba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Ciego de Ávila.

[email protected] 2Lab. Ingeniería Metabólica. Centro de Bioplantas. UNICA. Ciego de Ávila. Cuba. Introduction: The bromelain is a protease, isolated and purified from different organs from plants of the Bromeliaceae family. Its use is recognized in the vaccine formulation and to skin debridement of burns, stand out its potentialities anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antithrombotic. Materials and methods: The bromelain was obtained through a process of extraction and developed purification in Cuba, from stems of adult plants of pineapples (Ananas comosus (L) Merrill). The crude extract was purified by chromatography of ionic interchange in cellulous-52 carboximetil (CMC). The employed tumor lines were: P-388 leukemia, sarcoma (S-37), ascitic tumor of Ehrlich (ATE), pulmonary carcinoma of Lewis (PCL), melanoma (M-B16F10) and adenocarcinoma mammary (ADC-755). The treatment with bromelain by intraperitoneal route (1, 5, 12.5 and 25 mg /kg) began to the 24 hours after the inoculation of a million of tumor cells by animals. The antitumoral activity became by means of the calculation of the index of increase of survival (A.S %), of the treated mice and survival average of the mice controls. The antimetastatic activity of the Bromelain on the CPL and ATE were evaluated. To the 21 days, the mice lungs were extracted and suspended in Bouin solution by 48 hours; later they told to the macrometastatics in Carl Zeiss stereoscopic. Results: In spite of being differences among them, demonstrated a remarkable antitumoral effect in lp-388, s-37 and ATE. A diminution of the number of metastasis in carrying animals of PCL took place and free animals of metastasis in ATE registered themselves. Conclusions: This protease had a antitumoral and antimetastatic effect in the treated animals which indicates that the probably pharmacologic mechanism is not the direct action on the circulating cells but in one of the processes implied in the metastasis cascade where the immune system of the animal play a determining paper in the elimination of such cells. CO42- ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOTOXIC POLYPEPTIDES FROM MARINE ORGANISM GYRM-12S RM Yua, LY Songa,b, SF Rena, Y Zhaob

aDepartment of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China. bDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310031 Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected] As a source of novel molecules, the potential of marine organism is immense and yet it has been barely investigated. Because of their longer evolutionary history, marine organisms likely possess a greater molecular diversity than do their terrestrial counterparts. Over the past decade, several new experimental anticancer agents derived from marine sources have entered preclinical and clinical trials. GYRM-12s, a marine animal native to the seas around China, has been utilized in the treatments of anemia and inflammation for centuries. During the course of our extensive screening program of traditional Chinese medicinal products for in vitro anti-tumor activity, marine organism GYRM-12s was selected because of its widespread geographic distribution in China, as well as its unique reputation among the folklore medicines. In the present work, we investigated the protein component of marine organism GYRM-12s by a combination of chemical and biological approaches. The purified polypeptides G-3 and G-4-2 were obtained from marine organism GYRM-12s using the techniques of homogenization, salting-out with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The purity of G-3 and G-4-2 was over 96% as measured by RP-HPLC. G-3 and G-4-2 were given by SDS-PAGE and IEF-PAGE with molecular weights of 8250.4 Da and 15970.8 Da, respectively and isoelectric points of 6.6 and 6.1, respectively. Amino acid constituents of G-3 and G-4-2 were also detected, and Phenol-vitriol test revealed that saccharides exist in G-3. G-3 and G-4-2 may both inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. The IC50 values of G-4-2 were 22.9 µg ml-1 and 46.1 µg ml-1 against Hela and HL-60 cell lines, respectively, as were measured by MTT assay and the IC50 value of G-3 against HL-60 was measured to be 123.2 µg ml-1.





68

CO43- CYTOTOXIC AND ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITIES OF VENEZUELAN PLANT EXTRACTS in vitro AND in vivo Villasmil Ja, Abad MJa, Arsenak Ma, Michelangeli Fb, Fernández Ab, Ruiz MCb, Williams Bb, Herrera Fc, Taylor Pa aCentro de Medicina Experimental, bCentro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, cEscuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad Central de Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected] Venezuela is a country where indigenous and local communities use over 1,500 species of plants for medicinal purposes. Many drugs used in the treatment of cancer are of plant origin. From our databases of botanical collections and ethnobiological usage, we selected 10 species to screen for antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo. Different parts of the plants were extracted in 95% ethanol. These crude extracts were screened for activity against a) four tumour cell lines, b) primary tumour growth and metastasis in the B16/BL6 melanoma / C57BL/6 mouse model, and c) NF-κB inhibitory activity in HeLa cells transfected with an NF-κB / luciferase reporter gene plasmid. Extracts from 4 species were cytotoxic at 100 µg/ml or less on one or more cell lines, with all but two extracts showing varying degrees of growth inhibition. We identified four plants with inhibitory activity on the growth of subcutaneous primary tumours when injected i.p. every other day during the course of tumour growth, and four which significantly reduced lung metastases after i.v. inoculation of tumour cells. Two plants from the Protium genus showed activity in both models. The nuclear factor NF-κB is a promising potential target for antitumour and anti-inflammation therapy. Four plants inhibited NF-κB activity in the HeLa cell reporter gene assay when the cells were activated with TNF-α, but also showed cytotoxic activity at higher concentrations in short-term MTS assays with the same cells. Further studies are being undertaken to investigate the relationship between the antitumour and NF-κB inhibitory activities shown by these extracts. CO44- Cimicifuga racemosa radix HEPATIC SAFETY Firenzuoli Fa, Gori La, Cinotti Sb aCentre of Natural Medicine, S.Giuseppe Hospital. Via Paladini 1, 50053 Az USL 11. Empoli. Italy. bDepartment of Emergency Medicine. S.Giuseppe Hospital. Az USL 11. Empoli, Italy. Email: [email protected] Cimicifuga racemosa radix extract is actually alleged to be a possible hepatotoxic medicinal herb especially after a statement of EMEA that collected 42 cases of possible hepatotoxicity and 4 considered possible, so that in Italy it is actually no more sold over the counter. In our department we administer Cimicifuga racemosa as special herbal extract together with soy isoflavones, Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa at the dose of 500- 1000 daily mg daily for treatment of menopause related disorders. After the EMEA's official signal we have contacted all our patients assuming the herbal extract continuously from more than 12 months. We followed-up 98 women, and asked them by telephone and/or after anamnesis and clinical examination (72/98) to undergo a blood sample examination of hepatic transaminases, coagulation and gamma-glutamil-transpeptidase. In all the patients (comprehending 4 patients suffering of benign hepatic disease and 1 suffering of chronic toxic hepatitis) there were no sign of hepatic disease neither alteration of plasma hepatic parameters, or worsening of already altered but stable parameters. We think on the base of these data and current literature Cimicifuga racemosa radix extract can be considered safe concerning liver diseases. CO45- HERBS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND HOW THEY ARE USED IN THE US. APPLICATIONS FOR ARTHRITIS, DEPRESSION, AND DRUG-HERB INTERACTIONS Bauer B Mayo Clinic, USA. No disponible al Cierre de la Edición de este Programa / Not available to the Closing of this Program Edition





69

CO46- DRUG-HERBAL/FOOD INTERACTIONS COUNSELLING CAN REDUCE THE ADVERSE EVENTS IN SENSITIVE PATIENT POPULATIONS Buttar HS Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1B9 Simultaneous intake of drugs and herbal products or dietary supplements may cause additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions, which may complicate the dosing regimen of long-term medications, or lead to undesirable side effects. Major adverse events, including death, have been recorded in case reports and post-marketing surveillance when herbal and dietary products were used chronically alone or in combination with prescription drugs. Drug-herbal/food interactions may be significantly important for drugs with narrow therapeutic margin (e.g. warfarin, digoxin, antiarrhythmics), and for sensitive populations such as elderly patients, pregnant women and nursing mothers as well as children and very sick individuals (e.g. AIDS/HIV, cancer and organ transplant patients) who may be exposed to polypharmacy. Multiple ingredients in herbs and dietary supplements may modify the intestinal pH and motility, and inhibit/induce intestinal drug transporters or metabolising enzymes (e.g. PgP, CYP3A4), and thus change the rate and extent of absorption, metabolism and disposition of conventional drugs. Before prescribing a medication, physicians should enquire whether their patients are consuming an interacting food or herbal product and either instruct their patients to stop consuming such products or adjust drug dosage to compensate for drug-food or drug-herbal effects. Collaborative efforts are required from patients, physicians, and pharmacists as well as industry (drug manufacturers, herbal products and food suppliers) to minimize or possibly prevent any potential risks associated with the concomitant use of natural health products, dietary supplements and interacting pharmaceuticals. This communication would highlight the mechanisms of drug-herbal/food interactions, and the regulatory initiatives (post-market surveillance and labelling changes) being carried out within Health Canada to meet the opportunities and challenges associated with the rapidly emerging area of herbal remedies and dietary supplements. CO47- THERAPEUTIC CONSULTATION SERVICE: AN INFORMATION SOURCE ABOUT NATURAL PRODUCTS Calvo-Barbado D, Cires-Pujol M, and Delgado-Martinez I Pharmacoepidemiology Development Center, 44 Str. and 5ta Ave., 11300, Havana. E-mail: [email protected] The need for the development and dissemination of objective and complete drug information for prescribers and consumers is an important aspect to reach in developed and developing countries. The information about any kind of drugs oriented to individualized patients is difficult to find, the same happen to scientific knowledgement of the use of natural medicines in specific patients. 1-5 The appropriate use of drugs is a priority of our Ministry of Public Health. In 1996 a network encompassing 175 municipal primary health care centers and 14 province pharmacoepidemiology groups was set up. The whole network is coordinated by the National Pharmacoepidemiology Development Center (PDC). As a part of our national medicine politics, in 1997 the Cuban national health system adds the traditional and natural medicine program, like a new measure inside the national medicines program. Functions of pharmacoepidemiologists in research, teaching and health care request the provision of drug information with the main goal: the improvement of efficacy and safety in the clinical use of drugs. In order to reach this objective our therapeutic consultation service was established in 1999, as a section of PDC.6-7 It offers the possibility of complementing drug product information with problem-oriented drug information emerging from cases in the real world of prescribing. This service has work procedure established, who include the question reception, research and identification of the knowledge deal with the formulated question, the assessment about the information and the relationship with the specific patient, the discussion and the inclusion in our database. We analyzed our 5 years´ database to find the number of them with relationship to natural and traditional medicine. The database of therapeutic consultations was designed by Microsoft office tool, ACCESS. We selected 2 of the most interesting consultation received during this period in our service. From the 963 consultations present in our database, around 5.6 % belong to issues related to natural medicines. The most consultant products were spirulina, PV2, policosanol and propolis. The questions was formulated in the majority of cases by patients. These consultations were classified as documentation and the related topics were general information. In province the questions about natural medicines occupied the first places. Besides





70

the importance of this alternative medicine there are not much questions of it, nevertheless in the lasted years this sort of consultation won a good position. References: 1. Ohman B. Lyrvall H.,.Tornqvist E, Alvan G. and. Sjoqvist E Clinical pharmacology and the provision of drug information . Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;42:563-5682. 2. Centri di Informazione dell’Istituto Mario Negri. Informazione ed educazione scientifica: I’ accesilita alla conoscenza disponible Ricerca & Pratica, 47 Ottobre 1992. 3. Spector R, Heller A, Johnson M W The Structure and function of a Clinical pharmacology consulting service. Journal Clin Pharmacol May-Jun 1999 :257-260. 4. Rodriguez C, Arnau J M, Vidal X, Laporte R. Therapeutic consultation : a necessary adjunt to indepedent drug information . Br. J. Clin. Pharmac. 5. Straus S E, Sackett DL. Using research findings in clinical practice. BMJ 1998; 317: 339-42. 6. OMS.Uso racional de los medicamentos. Informe de la Conferencia de Expertos, Nairobi, 25-29 de noviembre de 1985. Ginebra, Organización Mundial de la salud, 1987. 7. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Area Médico-Farmaceútica. Centro para el Desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología. Estrategia de la Farmacoepidemiología y de la Farmacia Principal Municipal. 1999. CO48- THREE YEARS OF FOLLOW UP OF SUSPECT ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS WITH HERBAL AND TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS IN CUBA Jiménez G, Ávila J, González B National Pharmacological Surveillance Coordinating Unit. Pharmacoepidemiology Development Centre. Calle 44 esq. 5ta Ave No 502 Miramar Playa CP 11300 Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. Email: [email protected] Plants have been used for the treatment of illness in humans since prehistoric time. About 80% of the world’s population currently depends on the traditional herbal medicines for managing their diseases. While information about adverse reactions to allopathic drugs has been recordered over several decades, it has become increasingly clear that the surveillance system must be extended to herbal remedies. Since 2001, the national coordinating unit has been working on natural products; the number of adverse drug reactions associated with herbal remedies and natural health products in our country reflects a growing awareness that these natural products may also cause harm. Based on spontaneous drug surveillance reports we made a retrospective and descriptive study, analyzing those reports since January 2003 until December 2005. Up to end of December 2005, the national pharmacological surveillance coordinating unit had received more than 680 reports of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in which products with one or more herbal ingredients were suspected to be the cause of the reaction. The top natural products were herbals (57.8%), acupuncture (37.0%) and apitherapy (2.1%). The causality assessment were probable for the majority of the reports (78.9%) and about the 72.0% of the reports were classified mild, there were not fatal reports and the low frequency reactions were reported in 21.5%. The collection of adverse drug reactions reports from herbals and similar products will lead to use herbal remedies in the same way that adverse drug reactions reports from allopathic medicines have done. In addition, reporting of ADR from herbals may lead to more knowledge about the plants used, which may, in turn, provide information that can be useful in the search for new allopathic medicines. CO49- CQF: STRATEGIES OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN NATURAL PRODUCTS Jáuregui-Haza UJ, Delgado-Hernández R, Garrido-Garrido G, González-Lavaut JA, Núñez-Sellés AJ Centro de Química Farmacéutica (CQF), 200 y 21, Atabey, Playa, Apdo. 16042, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Tel. (537)2717822, Fax: (537)2736471. Email: [email protected] The pharmaceutical industry consecrates their efforts in research and development of new formulations from natural products. Those processes have to be safe for human health and environment, renewable and sustainable. The Cuban government pays special attention to the rational exploration of natural resources, focusing an important part of the research and development processes to the search of health products. The Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CQF) is an institution of Ministry of Public Health devotes to generate and to assimilate technologies, services and knowledge through the development of scientific and technical investigation in order to obtain and commercialize pharmaceutical products and nutraceuticals. Here we present





71

the strategy and results obtained by the Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the search of pharmaceuticals, intermediates and nutraceuticals from Cuban natural products. A clean technology for producing an aqueous extract from stem bark of Mangifera indica L (VIMANG®) has been developed. VIMANG® has demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in different pharmacological preclinical models. Nowadays, VIMANG® is widely used as nutraceutical supplement, cosmetic and phytomedicine. Various galenic formulations are being developed in order to be used in clinical treatments. Several prostaglandins and steroids from natural intermediates have been studied. The prostaglandin A2 extracted from the gorgonia Plexaura homomalla var. S was the raw material for the synthesis of 15-methyl prostaglandin F2α methyl ester (luteolytic and abortifacient) and prostacyclin (vasodilator for pulmonary hypertension). On the other hand, a full series of androgenic and/or anabolic derivatives were obtained from the natural hecogenine of Agave furcroyde. Finally, the strategy of searching for new antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs from Cuban endemic flora is presented. The preliminary results of the screening from some Cuban species of Erythrin, Erythroxylum, Hypericum and Zanthoxylum are shown. CO50- DRUG RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER. SCIENTIFIC STRATEGY IN NATURAL PRODUCT Rodríguez-Chanfrau JE Drug Research and Development Center (CIDEM). Ave 26 #1605. Nuevo Vedado. Ciudad de la Habana. CP 10600. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] The Drug Research and Development Center was created to research and develop medicines, nutricional supplements and cosmetics. The center has always considered all ways possible to obtain and use the techniques and state of the art technologies in the creation, design, evaluation and production of a medicine, following all international requirements. The center’s research area includes researchers and technicians with a high profile of expertise backed with categories and scientific degrees. One of this important works in this center is a Natural Product. The fields of research in this center are:

• Agro-technological and phytochemical studies. • Technological development and obtaining of raw materials from natural sources. • Technological development of finished pharmaceutical products from natural sources. • Stability studies • Pharmacology, toxicology and genetic toxicology studies.

The objective of this conference is show the scientific strategy of Drug Research and Development Center in natural product research for next years.





72

CARTELES (P) / POSTERS (P) MARTES, 21 DE NOVIEMBRE / TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 21

P001- Murraya paniculata, AN ALTERNATIVE OF THE NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE TO THE DOORS OF THE PHYTOTHERAPY Casado C, Gutiérrez Y, Miranda M, Garcia G

Pharmacy and Foods Institute. University of Havana Ave. 23 no. 24 125, between 214 and 222. La Coronela. La Lisa. Havana City. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected]. The analgesic frictions of Muraya (Murraya paniculata), reported in the Natural Products Dispensary Guide (1992), of the MINSAP, constitute a therapeutic alternative for the relief of arthritic, arthrosic and rheumatic pains in people, fundamentally of the third age. Presently work was developed a multidisciplinary study that allowed to identify, among other elements, the economic contribution that has represented during the last two years, for our institution, the dispensation of the analgesic frictions of Murraya Paniculata; additionally by means of the application of an interview, were investigated the levels of acceptance, toward the natural product, and of trust toward the therapeutic activity that is attributed. It was evaluated, from the experimental point of view, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the tincture obtained directly of the vegetable drug, were used for it, the experimental models of edema, induced by croto oil, in mice’s ear, as well as the test of the acetic acid and that of the hot plate. Preliminary studies were developed from the pharmacognostic and phytochemical point of view for the drug, and also for the tincture obtained starting from the same one. Approximately 30% of the net earnings obtained in our unit were due to the sell of this natural product. They were met superior values to 80% of effectiveness of the treatment with the same one. The pharmacological results for the analgesic properties were satisfactory. They were established some parameters of quality for the tincture obtained starting from the plant. The results of the whole study, in their majority, satisfactory, impose us the necessity of so much deepen pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluations, like in the pharmacological and toxicological area that allow us to not base alone the effectiveness, but also, the security of the natural product object of our study. P002- SERUM HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS SERUM HYALURONIDASE AND URINARY GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS IN GONARTHROSIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH GRASS THERMAL THERAPY Verzelloni E1, Russo F2, Agostini G2, Manica P3, Conte A4 1Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, via Roma 55 Pisa. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Surgery University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 3Garniga Terme, Trento Italy. 4Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. In thermal resort of Garniga in Bondone Alp, Trento (Italy), spa therapy of osteoarthritis is carried out with applications on body of fresh selected grass collected from Bondone prairies, 1600 m above sea-level. During application heat is developed and grass compounds are released. The mechanism of therapy is not well known. Its beneficial effect continues for months after the standard treatment (11 applications in 2 weeks). Heat shock protein 70 (sHsp70) and 60 (sHsp60), which increase during various kinds of shock, were determined in serum. To evaluate the extra-cellular matrix turnover serum hyaluronidase activity (sHAA) and urinary glycosaminoglycans (uGags) were investigated. Fifteen gonarthrosic patients were treated with standard therapy. Clinical assessments were carried out and serum and urine were collected before and after the third and the last application and after one, three and six months. sHsp, sHAA and uGags were determined according references 1, 2, 3 respectively. Lequesne’s index, spontaneous pain rating, quality of life index, and analgesic consumption significantly improve after treatment. The improvement remains to the end of the follow-up period. Improvement of physical activity and of psychic and physical wellbeing is also obtained. Significant increasing of sHsp70 level is observed after the third application with a maximum after the last application then decreases progressively. No variations of sHsp60 level are found. Significant increase of sHAA and uGags is found during treatment. No adverse reactions were reported. Conclusion: Heat produced by grass applications determines a controlled repeated heat shock which increases intracellular and extra-cellular Hsp70





73

increasing cellular defences and modulating local and general immunity responses. Possible roles of grass-released compounds remain to be investigated. References: 1. Rea I.M. et al. Exp. Gerontol. 36, 341-52, 2001. 2. Marvin R. et al. Clin. Chim. Acta 245, 1-6, 1996. 3. Blumenkrantz N., Asboe-Hansen G. Meth. Biochem. Anal. 24, 39-91, 1977. P003- STRESS HORMONES IN CHRONIC MIGRAINE ARE MODULATED BY BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A Patacchioli FR1, Monnazzi P1, Simeoni S1, Colorisco G2, De Filippis S2, and Martelletti P2 1Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and 2Internal Medicine, 2nd School of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Chronic migraine is the most disabling form of headache among the ICDH-2. The failure of its treatment is often due to a superimposed medication overuse headache (MOH) a new form of secondary headache, which has been defined as an interaction between a medication used excessively and a susceptible patient. Subjects selected in the present study, all triptans abuser, attended to the rehabilitation procedure in outpatient regime for 5 days: the treatment consisted in infusion therapy with tiapride, ketorolac, ademetionine sulphate, reduced glutation, granisteron, ranitidine. One week after the end of the MOH rehabilitation procedure, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity was specifically monitored by measuring hormones in saliva, thus allowing the stressful event of venipuncture to be avoided. The participants were instructed how to collect saliva samples at home, which was performed twice a day (08:00 h and 20:00 h). Salivary cortisol, testosterone, DHEA-S and their ratios were measured in 20 women with chronic migraine (CM Group), previously affected by MOH, in comparison to 20 healthy women (Control Group). Moreover, after withdrawal from MOH, 10 women with chronic migraine were treated subcutaneously with botulinum toxin type A (CM + BOT Group). Morning and evening levels of cortisol were significantly increased in CM Group with respect to Control Group. With regard to the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio, an inverse marker of psycho-physical well-being, CM Group showed significantly higher values than controls. Moreover, testosterone/cortisol ratio (anabolic/catabolic index of physical performance) was significantly lower than controls in CM patients. CM + BOT Group showed, both in morning and evening measurements, hormone levels intermediate between controls and CM Group. Further studies are required to elucidate the clinical relevance of HPA derangement in chronic migraine. However, it is clearly important that neuroendocrine factors are controlled in future investigations, since migraine is often associated with di-stress, which is highlighted as a trigger factor of migraine attacks but may also appear as reaction to migraine attacks. P004- SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS TO ESSENTIAL OILS OF BRAZILIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS Santos VR, França EC, Oliveira RR, Cortés ME, Brandão MGL Laboratory of Microbiology and Biomaterials, Dentistry School. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy School, Minas Gerais Federal University (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Email: [email protected] The plants have been used in popular medicine for diverse ethiologies diseases treatment, due to its limitless disposability to the population, low cost and absence of serious collateral complications. Recently studies have detached a new medicine search for treatment of oral microbial diseases. In this work, it was studied the S. mutans, S. aureus, A. actinomycetemcomitans susceptibility to 12 different essential oils of Brazilian medicinal plants: mirene (Mir), ocimen (Oci), limonen (Lim), bisabolen (Bis), lindol (Lin), citral (Cit), cariofilen (Car), citronolol (Cin), eugenol acetate (Eug), geraniol (Ger), copaíba oil(Cop), andiroba oil (And). The guidelines of culture and inoculate preparation, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were on the NCCLS standard. A 0.1mL aliquot of bacteria strains cultures in BHI broth, corresponding to 0.5 turbidity on the McFarland scale, was plated onto Mueller Hinton agar. 20 ml of each oil had been absorbed in blanc discs and placed on the specific agar surfaces previously sown with 1,5 x 108 UFC/mL and incubated at 37ºC in C02 atmosphere during 48h. Amoxicilyn was used as positive control group. After 48 and 72 hours, the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured. The results were reported as M±SD and compared with nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results had shown that S. aureus growth was not inhibited by oils in tested concentrations. Bis and Cop had demonstrated effectiveness against A.actinomycetemcomitans, better while this was not inhibited by Mir, Eug, Ger and And. Cop, Cit, and Bis has the best inhibitors of S. mutans growth,





74

while Mir, Eug, Ger, Lin, Car and And were not effective. Studies in alive will be able to guide on the possibility of using essential oils wich better inhibit the growth of the oral bacteria, as medicine active principles against microbiota pathogenic buccal. Supported by Brazilian Government: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) P005- SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENS MICROORGANISMS TO Casearia sylvestris AND Stryphnodendron adstringens EXTRACTS Schwambach CW, França EC, Oliveira RR, Cortés ME, Brandão MGL, Santos VR Laboratory of Microbilogy and Biomaterials, Dentistry School. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy School. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – Belo Horizonte, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] S. adstringens (barbatimão) and C. sylvestris (guaçatonga) have been used in popular medicine in various diseases treatment, but there are few related studies in dentistry. These plants species, originated from Brazilian savane (cerrado), contents 20% tannin barks with scar and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to analyze the in vitro Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans susceptibility to barbatimão and guaçatonga ethanolic extracts, and to determine their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), through the agar diffusion test obeying standard NCCLS. Agar surface had been sown with 1,5 x 108 UFC/ml microorganism, 20 ml of the plants extracts were absorbed in blanc discs and placed on the specific agar surfaces. After that, they were incubated at 37ºC, during 72h. Amoxicilin, Nystatin, 98º GL ethanol and PBS were used as the controls groups. The diameters of inhibition zones, expressed in milimeters, were submited to the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed the efficient inhibition of bacteria in vitro growth. Barbatimão and Guaçatonga did not inibit the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. The result suggests that these plants possess active substances against bacteria, but not against moulds. Supported by Brazilian Government: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) P006- ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM TWO SPECIMENS OF Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (MYRTACEAE) NATIVE FROM SÃO PAULO STATE – BRAZIL Lima MEL1, Cordeiro I2, Young MCM2, Sobral MEG3, Moreno PRH1 1Instituto de Química, USP, Av. Lineu Prestes 748 B11 T 05508-900 São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected] 2Instituto de Botânica – Secretaria do Meio Ambiente - Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687 – CEP 04301-902 - Água Funda - São Paulo SP-Brasil 3Instituto de Biociências - UFMG- Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 – Pampulha Caixa Postal 486 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Nowadays, the research towards the discovery of new antimicrobial agents has increased, mainly due to the development of resistance and the appearance of fatal opportunistic infections associated with the immune system depression caused by AIDS, chemotherapy and transplants. Additionally, there is a consensus among natural products pharmacologists that substances showing an antimicrobial activity have a great probability to possess other pharmacological activities. Myrtaceae is one of the families of highest occurrence in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, especially in the Southern and Southeastern regions of the country, and it is recognized by its great potential of producing volatile oils of economic interest. Therefore the objective of the present work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two specimens of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus collected at two locations in São Paulo state (Cardoso Island and Paranapiacaba). The oils were obtained from the dried leaves by steam-distillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus for 4 h and analyzed by CG and CG/MS. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method in microplates against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). The values for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils were calculated by reading the absorbance of the plates at 630nm. The best results against E.coli (CIM = 48µL/L; CBM = 390µL/L) were obtained with the specimen collected in the Cardoso Island while against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus both specimens showed similar results. However, against C. albicans, the best results were found with the specimen collected in Paranapicaba (MIC=24µL/L and MBC=97µL/L). The difference in the sensitivity observed might be due to





75

the different chemical composition, in the Cardoso Island specimen the major component was eugenol while in the other one of anethole. P007- SCREENING OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY FROM ESSENTIAL OILS OF NATIVE SPECIES FROM THE ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST (SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL) Apel MA1, Lima MEL1, Souza A1,2, Cordeiro I2, Young MCM2, Sobral MEG3, Suffredini IB4, Moreno PRH1 1Instituto de Química, USP, Av. Lineu Prestes 748 B11 T 05508-900 São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected] 2Instituto de Botânica – Secretaria do Meio Ambiente - Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687 – CEP 04301-902 - Água Funda - São Paulo SP-Brasil. 3Instituto de Biociências - UFMG- Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 – Pampulha Caixa Postal 486 31270-910, Belo Horizonte. 4Laboratório de Extração – UNIP – Av. Paulista, 900, 1o andar, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil The traditional medicine all over the world employs aromatic plants in the treatment of microbial infections and as anti-inflammatory. The plant variety in tropical forests represents a rich source for searching new bioactive volatile compounds. In order to access the biological potential of the aromatic plants from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we assayed the essential oils from Symphyopappus itatiayensis (Asteraceae), Myrciaria floribundus (Myrtaceae), Talauma ovata (Magnoliaceae), Psidium cattleyanum (Myrtaceae) and Nectandra megapotamica (Lauraceae) for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. The oils were obtained steam-distillation for 4 h and analyzed by CG and CG/MS. The anti-inflammatory activity was assayed by leukocyte migration technique1. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method in microplates against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) after reading the absorbance at 630nm2. Antitumor activity was tested thorugh the growth inhibition of the tumor cells MCF-7 (Breast), PC-3 (prostate), NCI-H460 (Lung), KM-12 (colon), SF-268 (Central Nervous System), e RPMI-8226 (Leukemia)3. All the oils tested were active towards S. aureus and P.aeruginosa and none could be considered active against E. coli. The oil of P. cattleyanum was the only one which significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans (42%). In the anti-inflammatory assay, only one of the oils was active (P. cattleyanum), one showed no activity (M. floribundus) and three of them caused toxic effects to the leukocytes (S. itatiayensis, N. megapotamica and T. ovata). The antitumor assay showed that only the T. ovata oil did not inhibit the growth of any of the cell lines. The oils of the other species were toxic to at least two of the cell lines. The results indicated that the essential oils have a pharmacological potential as antibacterial agents for Gram + bacteria, and as antitumoral agents. References: 1. Mello, S.B.V. et al. (1992) J. Leukocyte Biol. 51:46-52. 2. Lenczewski, M. E., (1996) J. AOAC Int. 79(6):1294-1299. 3. Monks, A. et al. (1991) J, Nat. Cancer Inst. 83: 757-766. P008- THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF TWO FORMULATIONS OF AROMIELES AND ONE FORMULATION OF PROPOMIEL Baró-Suárez M1, Pedroso-Iglesias R3, Menéndez-Hernández J1, Domerego R2, Cherbuliez T2, Armesto-del Río M1, Hernández-Rubiera J3, Llano-Labrador B3, De La Rosa-Rodríguez M3 , Pérez-Piñero A4, Prado-González GL1, Lazo M1, González-Delgado JP1 1Instituto Finlay. Ave 27 No. 19805, La Lisa AP.16017, C. Habana CP.11600. Tel.: 2731218. 2Comisión de Apiterapia de APIMONDIA. Corso Vittorio Emanuelle II, 101 I-00186 Roma Italia. 3Consultorio del Médico de Familia de la Comunidad “Las Terrazas”. Municipio Candelaria. Pinar del Río. 4Apicultura. MINAGRI, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Collaborators from the Family ’s Doctor office of the Community "Las Terrazas”: Nurse Judit Barrionuevo Hernandez; Nurse Caridad Borrego Fernández; Nurse Maritza Soca Hernández; Nurse Maria Elena González Portales; Laboratory technician: Bárbara Martínez Rivera; Dental Assistant: Catalina Corrales García. Introduction: A study with two formulations of Aromieles and one formulation of Propomiel was carried out. Aromiel Broncopulmonar is used for the infectious diseases of the respiratory system, and Aromiel for general use with antibiotic effect of wide spectrum. Propomiel has antiseptic and healing properties. The aim of this paper was to describe the therapeutic benefits of the Aromieles and the Propomiel. This Protocol was approved by the State Center for the Quality Control of Medicines and it is in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki. Materials and Method: Prospective, observational and open study. Depending on the clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three study





76

groups: Aromiel Broncopulmonar, Aromiel for general use and Propomiel. Patients from both sexes (4 years old and oldres) participated. Study variables: clinical improvement, cured, treatment, failures, expected and unexpectet adverse events and serious adverse events and relation to the treatment. The Aromieles were indicated by oral route and doses according to body weight; Propomiel was applied by topic route. The treatment cycle was 7, 14 or 21 days. An individual Data Collecting Notebook was created. The Software Fox BASE+2.10 was used to enter date and Epi INFO version 6.0 was used for date processing. Results: Most frequent adverse events: Persistence of the product’s flavor was reported in 54.3% with Aromiel Broncopulmonar treatment, in 40.0% with Aromiel for general use and gastrointestinal disorders were reported in the 63.6% and 54.5% respectively. No serious adverse events were reported. The treatment effectiveness of the Aromieles was seen between 7 and 14 days and Propomiel: 7 days. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the treatments applied in the different pathologies offers the possibility of healing and improvement; thus these natural medicines can be applied to the patient according to the clinical diagnosis, since no topic effects have been observed. P009- ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A PRODUCT ISOLATED FROM Zanthoxylum elephantiasis Echemendía OAa, Almora Ea, Martínez Ia, Fidalgo Oa, González Kb, González JAb, Lago Va aInstituto Finlay. Centro de Investigación-Desarrollo-Producción de Vacunas. Ave 27 No. 19805, La Lisa, A. P. 16017. Cod. 11600. La Habana. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] bCentro de Química Farmacéutica, La Habana, Cuba. In the last years, the microbial resistence to the current antibiotics has stimulated to the searching of new therapeutic alternatives from natural sources. According to the internacional reports the Zanthoxylium genus has antibacterial, antifungical and antiviral properties as well as it can be used as insecticide. In our paper we evaluated the antibacterial activity of a derive alkaloid from the Zanthoxylum elephantiasis and obtained by Liquid Chromatography fractioning. The product was evaluated against E. coli (25922), Pseudomona aeruginosa (27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (29213) reference strains. The microorganisms were adjusted with the turbidity standard Mc Farland 0.5. It was used the plate micrtitulation technique for the antibacterial evaluation. Dilutions the two-fold the product were prepared from 40 mg/mL until 0.078mg/mL for determining the minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC). The alkaloid showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a MIC 0.15mg/mL. There was no activity neither E. coli nor P. aeruginosa. The results obtained suggest that the alkaloid studied should be considered as alternative antibacterial agent for the treatment of the infection caused by S. aureus P010- ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED FROM LEAVES OF Pluchea carolinensis (JACQ.) G. DON. Perera-Córdova WHa, González-Mesa Lb, Payo-Hill ALa, Nogueiras-Lima Cc, Oquendo-Suárez Ma and Sarduy-Domínguez Ra aInstituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Carretera Varona Km 31/2 Capdevila, 10800 Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. bCentro de Química Farmacéutica, 200 y 21, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. cLaboratorio de Productos Naturales. Facultad de Química, Zapata y G, Vedado, 10400, Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory among others. Flavonoids occupy the second group of metabolites of most distribution in genera Pluchea Cass. The relationship between the biological properties of some plant species of the genera and the presence of this kind of metabolites has been reported. Knowing that one of the pharmacological target studies in the Pluchea genera are the antibacterial and antifungal activities, we have proposed to evaluate the biological properties of the crude extracts and those of the flavonoids obtained from the leaves from Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don. Material and methods: 1.7 kg of the dried and turning into powder leaves were extracted with EtOH:H2O (7:3 v/v). The aqueous extract was subjected to some liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. We isolated and characterized two flavonoids from AcOEt crude extract by means of chromatography and spectroscopic techniques. The biological evaluation was carried out with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and





77

Fusarium oxysporum microorganisms by means of the direct-inoculation method on agar plates. Results: The AcOEt and n-BuOH crude extracts provoke inhibition halos of 10 mm and 9 mm (1000 µg/mL) with Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis bacterias, while CHCl3 extract provoke inhibition halos of 7 mm (1000 µg/mL) with Bacillus subtilis. The two flavonoids isolated from the AcOEt crude extract were identified as isorhamnetin and eupalitin, and they didn’t show positive antibacterial property. Conclusions: The CHCl3, AcOEt y n-BuOH extracts showed positive antibacterial results, while the flavonols isolated from AcOEt extract aren’t the responsible of the biological property found in such extract. Acknowledgements: Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Centro Integrado Rubén Martínez Villena, Lic. Pedro Herrera Oliver, Lic. Pedro Bravo Palma. P011- ENDEMIC Phyllanthus FROM CUBA. MEDICAL POTENTIALITIES Chevalier P1, Nogueiras C2 1Medical-Biological Department University of the Sport in Camagüey. 2Organic Chemistry Department University of the Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The viral hepatitis B (VHB) is one of the main morbility and mortality causes in the world. A number of species of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) are being studied by their employment in traditional medicine for the treatment of viral affections. In the search of those responsible for this action they should be considered those made up of type tannin since it is known their antiviral action. In Cuba dozens of species are reported with high endemism percent. Materials and methods: Ten species were evaluated by means of the technical ELISA to determine the inactivation from the surface antigen to the diverse extracts. The quantification of tannins was determined by means of colorimetric. The studies of toxicity were made with mice laboratory. The isolation, purification and characterization of the metabolites were made by means of traditional technical of extraction, column chromatographic and spectroscopic methods: RMNH1, IR, DEPT and Mass. Results: The best results in the inactivation of the surface antigen were: P. formosus, P. microdictyus and P. chamaecristoide ssp baracoensis, the last one was selected starting from the ecological approaches and cultivation possibility. The tannins are present in the whole plant, they accumulated preferably in the period of flourish-fructification and they can be extracted of the dry drug with easiness by means of infusion or decoction. The concentrations of these metabolites belong directly together with the inactivation of the surface antigen. Toxicological studies demonstrate that it is not harmful for the possible doses to use in correspondence with the absence of other generally toxic metabolites. Of the active fraction of leaves it was obtained a substance of type phenol, the 4-Hidroxibenzoato of 2',3',4'-trihidroxifenilo. Conclusions: The Phyllanthus chamaecristoide ssp baracoensis is species potentially useful to be used in the treatment of viral affections, specifically, for the treatment of the Viral Hepatitis B. P012- ESTUDIO TEÓRICO DE COMPUESTOS AROMÁTICOS CON ACTIVIDAD INHIBITORIA DE LA FORMACIÓN DE β-HEMATINA Jaramillo C1, Mora C1, Bravo K1, Muñoz K1, Arango G1, Quijano J2 1Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, GISB, Calle 62 52-59. Torre 2, Laboratorio 229, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 2Grupo de Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Universidad Nacional, sede Medellín, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] Una de las enfermedades de mayor importancia a nivel mundial es la malaria, cuyo vector de transmisión es el mosquito Anopheles. En Colombia se ve en aumento cada año la población afectada por esta enfermedad. Cuando el parásito, P. falciparum, se encuentra en el torrente sanguíneo del huésped, degrada la hemoglobina liberando el grupo heme, el cual se oxida a hematina, también conocida como ferriprotoporfirina IX. Como forma de destoxificación, el parásito forma un agregado de hematina, este proceso de agregación puede ser usado como blanco para la terapia antimalárica. Con el fin de contribuir en la búsqueda de compuestos con actividad antimalárica se sintetizaron 5 compuestos aromáticos, se evalúan como inhibidores de la formación de β-hematina y se reporta el estudio teórico de los agregados compuesto-hemina formados con el fin de determinar como se podría establecer la interacción droga-receptor. El % inhibición de la formación de β-hematina de la hemina y los compuestos potencialmente inhibidores se realiza bajo condiciones de acidez y temperatura controlada (pH 4.0, 60°C), y se toman lecturas espectrofotométricas a 386 nm. Se usa la cloroquina como patrón de referencia y los experimentos se





78

hacen por triplicado. Se realizó la modelación molecular de los compuestos con el fin de determinar la forma de interacción de estos con la hemina y el grupo funcional necesario para la formación del agregado compuesto-hemina requerido para la inhibición. El estudio teórico de los compuestos en Gaussian 03 y base B3LYP, muestran la interacción entre el oxigeno carbonílico y el Fe central del anillo porfirínico de la hemina. La modificación de grupos funcionales en los compuestos varía el %inhibición. Los parámetros geométrico de los agregados compuesto-hemina están altamente relacionados con la actividad inhibitoria. P013- LEAF OIL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF ABACO BUSH MEDICINES Setzer W, Schmidt J, Noletto J, Vogler B Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville. Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Four aromatic plants used in traditional “bush” medicine on Abaco Island, Bahamas were studied. Amyris elemifera (Rutaceae), “white torch”, is taken as a febrifuge and applied to sores and wounds, to treat influenza, and as an external bath and general tonic. Eugenia axillaris (Myrtaceae), “white stopper”, is used as an aphrodisiac, as well as to treat diarrhea and for bathing women after childbirth. Lantana involucrata (Verbenaceae), “wild sage”, is used to treat itching of the skin, measles and chicken pox. Myrica cerifera (Myricaceae), “bayberry”, is taken as a general tonic and diuretic. Materials and Methods: The leaf essential oils of the four aromatic plants were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger, and the in-vitro cytotoxicity of the oils on MDA-MB-231, MCF7, Hs 578T, Hep G2, and PC-3 human tumor cells have also been examined. Results: The most abundant components of Amyris elemifera were limonene (45.0%) and linalool (20.8%). Eugenia axillaris leaf oil was largely composed of α-pinene (15.5%) and dihydroagarofuran (9.2%). The leaf oil of Lantana involucrata was made up largely of germacrene D (21.1%), α-humulene (15.2%), and β-caryophyllene (13.7%). The most abundant essential oil components of Myrica cerifera were 1,8-cineole (30.7%) and α-terpineol (14.2%). L. involucrata leaf oil showed slight antibacterial activity against B. cereus and Staph. aureus and was weakly cytotoxic against our panel of cell lines. Neither A. elemifera, E. axillaris, nor M. cerifera leaf oils were appreciably antimicrobial or cytotoxic. Conclusions: The reported biological activities of the major constituents of A. elemifera leaf oil are consistent with the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant. The major components in the leaf oil and slight antimicrobial activity are consistent with the ethnobotanical use of L. involucrata to treat itching skin.

P014- INHIBITION OF CRUZAIN BY Ocotea LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA Setzer W, Takaku S, Stokes S, Penton A Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville. Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, U.S.A. Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Over 18 million people in tropical and subtropical America are afflicted by American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease. Symptoms of the disease include fever, swelling, and heart and brain damage, usually leading to death. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Cruzain is a cysteine protease from Trypanosoma cruzi that is key to replication and differentiation of the parasite and has been identified as an important biochemical target for treatment of this parasitic infection. Materials and Methods: The leaf essential oils of ten species of Ocotea from Monteverde, Costa Rica, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the essential oils against cruzain have been examined using a fluorometric assay. Results: O. meziana leaf oil was the most active (IC50 = 14.9 µg/mL) followed by O. whitei (15.8 µg/mL), Ocotea sp. nov. “los llanos” (17.1 µg/mL), Ocotea sp. nov. “small leaf” (19.2 µg/mL) and O. holdridgeana (76.9 µg/mL). The leaf oils of O. floribunda, O. tonduzii, and O. valeriana were somewhat active (IC50 100-200 µg/mL), but O. sinuata and O. veraguensis essential oils were inactive (IC50 > 500 µg/mL). The Ocotea leaf essential oils are generally dominated by the monoterpenes α- and β-pinene and the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and germacrene D. α-Pinene and β-pinene show slight cruzain inhibitory activity (IC50 = 160 and 155 µg/mL, respectively), but neither β-caryophyllene nor germacrene D are active





79

(IC50 > 500 µg/mL). Conclusions: The cruzain inhibitory activity of Ocotea leaf essential oils cannot be explained by the activities of the major components alone. There may be synergistic effects of the components or the activities may be due to minor components.

P015- TOXICIDAD DE NEOLIGNANOS AISLADOS DE Aristolochia taliscana CON ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICOBACTERIANA León-Díaz R1, Meckes Fisher M1, Luna-Herrera J2, Said-Fernández S3, Molina-Salinas G3, Jiménez-Arellanes A1 1UIMFPN, CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, México DF (México); 2Lab. Inmunoquímica, Depto. Inmunología, ENCB, IPN, México DF (México); 3CIBIN-IMSS, Monterrey, NL. México E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Introducción: A nivel mundial la tuberculosis es la segunda causa de muerte por un solo agente patógeno, 1/3 de la población mundial está infectada con Mycobacterium tuberculosis y anualmente ocurren 1.8 millones de muertes. La estrategia de control es el Tratamiento Acortado Estrictamente Supervisado. En la actualidad los casos multifarmacoresistentes son más comunes, y su tratamiento y control constituye un reto de salud. Por ello se han iniciado proyectos enfocados a la búsqueda de moléculas activas para desarrollar nuevos agentes a partir de diversas fuentes naturales y sintéticas que acorten el tratamiento y/o coadyuven al mismo. La búsqueda de moléculas con actividad antimicobacteriana en plantas medicinales mexicanas ha permitido encontrar especies vegetales y compuestos puros con actividad antimicobacteriana. Objetivo: Determinar la toxicidad y la actividad antimicobacteriana in vitro de neolignanos aislados de A. taliscana. Metodología: La toxicidad de las muestras se determinó por el método de Lorke en ratones machos Balb/C administrados por vía oral en un rango de concentración de 235 a 5000 mg/kg. La evaluación del efecto antimicobacteriano in vitro de las muestras fue determinado por el ensayo MABA; a la concentración de 200 a 6.25 µg/ml, contra M. tuberculosis H37Rv, 4 cepas monoresistentes y 17 aislados clínicos y 6 cepas no tuberculosas. La obtención de los compuestos se realizo por cromatografía y cristalización; la identificación fue por análisis de sus datos espectroscópicos y espectrométricos. Resultados: El extracto hexánico y la fracción más activa presentó una DL50 >5000mg/kg. Dos de los compuestos activos presentaron una DL50 >1700mg/kg. El fraccionamiento químico-biodirigido permitió obtener tres neolignanos con actividad antimicobacteriana: licarina A, licarina B y eupomatenoide-7 cuyas CMI´s están entre 50-3.12µg/mL contra las micobacterias probadas. Conclusiones: Aristolochia taliscana constituye una fuentes importante de compuestos con actividad antimicobacteriana y de baja toxicidad. P016- POTENCIAL ANTITUBERCULOSO DE LA ESPECIE MEDICINAL Thymus vulgaris Jiménez-Arellanes A1, Martinez R1, León Díaz R1, Luna J2, Said-Fernández S3, Molina-Salinas G3, Meckes M1 1Unidad Investigación Médica en Farmacología de Productos Naturales, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. 2Depto de Inmunología, ENCB, IPN. 3Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Monterrey, N. L., México. Emails: [email protected], [email protected] La tuberculosis es la segunda enfermedad infectocontagiosa del mundo. La OMS implemento la estrategia TAES para controlar y erradicar la TB; sin embargo, actualmente es provocada por cepas FR difíciles de tratar. Además, por más de tres décadas la investigación de nuevos agentes antituberculosos fue escasa. Debido a estos factores se han iniciado proyectos enfocados a la búsqueda de moléculas activas y/o prototipos para el desarrollo de nuevos agentes a partir de fuentes naturales y sintéticas. El desarrollo de una línea de investigación encaminada a la búsqueda de moléculas con actividad antiTB en plantas medicinales ha permitido encontrar especies con importante actividad, destacando Thymus vulgaris, que es utilizada para curar enfermedades de las vías respiratorias y gastrointestinales. Investigaciones previas describen su efecto antimicrobiano, antifúngico y antiséptico pero el potencial antiTB no ha sido descrito. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial antimicobacteriano y toxicológico de T. vulgaris mediante fraccionamiento químico biodirigido. Metodología: Los extratos hexánico y metanólico de T. vulgaris se prepararon vía maceración. La actividad antimicobacteriana se determino por el método colorimétrico de alamar azul en un rango de concentración de 6.25-100 µg/mL contra M. tuberculosis H37Rv y 7 aislados clínicos MFR de M. tuberculosis. El fraccionamiento químico permitió el aislamiento de los compuestos activos cuya identificación química se realizo por RMN y EM. La toxicidad aguda de los extractos se determino en ratones Balb C y en Artemia salina. Resultados: Del





80

extracto hexánico (más activo, CMI= 50 µg/mL) se obtuvieron por fraccionamiento químicolos compuestos activos, siendo: oleanan-11,13(18)-dieno, fitol, ácido hecadecanoico, ác. y la mezcla de ácido ursólico/oleanólico. Del extracto metanólico se obtuvo cantidades adicionales de la mezcla de ácido ursólico/oleanólico por proceso de partición ácido/base. La DL50 del extracto hexánico y metanólico fue >5000 mg/kg y la CI50 para el crustáceo Artemia salina fue de 646 ppm, para ambos extractos. P017- POTENCIAL FARMACOLÓGICO DE LA ESPECIE Rubus liebmanii MICROPROPAGADA Y BIOMASA DE CALLO Cornejo-Garrido J1, Jimenez-Arellanes A1, Meckes-Fischer M1, Rojas-Bibriesca G2, Nicasio-Torres P2, Tortoriello-García J2, Said-Fernández S3, Mata-García B3 1UIMFPN, CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, México DF, México; 2CIBIN-IMSS, Xochitepec, Morelos, México; 3CIBIN-IMSS, Monterrey, NL., México. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Introducción: Rubus liebmanii se utiliza en la medicina tradicional de México para tratar tos, insomnio y disentería. La especie no se ha investigado; pero los extractos y compuestos de otras especies del género se reportaron con importante actividad biológica. Entre ellos están: (+)-catequina, (-)-epicatequina, sitosterol y ácido elágico aislados de R. corifolius, sin embargo su micropropagación no se ha logrado, lo que no ha permitido completar los estudios que permitan determinar su potencial real. El estudio químico y biológico de R. liebmanii permitirá establecer sí contiene los mismos o diferentes compuestos reportados para R. corifolius. Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial farmacológico del material micropropagado y callo de R. liebmanii y aislar e identificar los compuestos responsables del efecto biológico. Metodología: Los extractos del material micropropagado y callo se prepararon vía maceración con etanol. El efecto antimicrobiano se determino por el método de dilución contra Staphylococcus aureus, S. pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, Trychophyton mentagrophytes y T. rubrum. La DL50 se determino en ratones Balb/C y en ratas Sprague Dawley a la concentración de 1000, 1600, 2900 y 5000 mg/kg, administrados por V.O. Resultados: El extracto etanólico del material micropropagado fue activo contra S. aureus (CMI=1 mg/mL) y moderadamente activo contra las cuatro bacterias restantes (CMI=8 mg/mL). Además, resulto activo contra las dos especies de Trychophyton (CMI=2 mg/mL) e inactivo contra C. albicans (>8 mg/mL). El extracto del callo resulto inactivo contra las bacterias y moderadamente activo contra Trychophyton (CMI=8 mg/mL). El efecto antiprotozoario del material micropropagado contra Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis y Giardia lamblia, fue del 10, 12 y 4 % de inhibición a 100 µg/mL, y contra G. intestinales presentó un IC50 de 11.75 µg/mL. La DL50 en ambas especies de roedores fue >5 g/kg, sin alteraciones físicas en los principales órganos ni variación de peso. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico del material micropropagado y del callo de R. lebmanii presentaron importante actividad biológica y bajo efecto tóxico por lo que puede constituir una fuente de compuestos activos o bien servir como material de referencia para el desarrollo de posibles preparaciones farmacéuticas. P018- INHIBICIÓN DE UN BLANCO MOLECULAR ESPECÍFICO DE ANTIMALÁRICOS Y CORRELACIÓN CON LA ACTIVIDAD SOBRE P. falciparum COMO CRITERIO DE SELECCIÓN DE POTENCIALES ANTIPLASMODIALES DE FUENTE NATURALES Muñoz K1, Fernandez G1, Alzate F1, Arango G1, Segura C2, Bravo K1

1Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas –GISB- Corporación Académica para el Estudio y Control de Patologías Tropicales CAPET. Facultad de Química Farmacéutica. 2Grupo de Malaria. Calle 62 # 52-59 Torre II laboratorio. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. Email: [email protected]. La malaria, enfermedad producida por parásitos del género Plasmodium, causa alrededor de 2,7 millones de muertes al año y 2.400 millones de personas viven en regiones de alto riesgo para su transmisión especialmente en las regiones al sur del Sahara en África, el sudeste de Asia y Latinoamérica (1). Una de las estrategias para proponer alternativas de tratamiento es el uso del conocimiento farmacológico que se tiene de los mecanismos de acción de los antimaláricos disponibles, así como de potenciales blancos a atacar para el descubrimiento de nuevas entidades moleculares obtenidas a partir de la biodiversidad. En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las especies de la flora Colombiana Monnina angustata (Polygalaceae) y Symbolanthus pterocalyx (Gentianaceae), plantas con crecimiento





81

restringido para Colombia y sus límites biogeográficos, con las cuales se realizó un estudio biodirigido según el cual para su fraccionamiento químico se rastreó la capacidad de inhibición de la formación de β-hematina, sustancia sintética idéntica a la hemozoina, la cual es formada en la vacuola del parásito para detoxificar el grupo heme; de tal manera que ésta inhibición desencadena procesos de estrés oxidativo mediados por unidades monoméricas o diméricas de ferriprotoporfirina IX que resultan en efectos altamente tóxicos para el parásito. Este modelo fue empleado para determinar los porcentajes de inhibición y los valores de CI50 de los extractos y fracciones comparados con Cloroquina. Finalmente se correlacionó la actividad de las fracciones inhibidoras de la formación de β-hematina con un modelo que permite hacer una determinación radioisotópica de la viabilidad celular utilizando la cepa FCB-1 de P. falciparum cultivada en presencia de hipoxantina tritiada, obteniendo así una importante correlación entre la actividad sobre el blanco molecular y el parásito (rp= 0,8805, valor P**). Referencia: 1. WHO Expert Committee on Malaria (2000) “Technical Report Series, Twentieth Report”.World Health Organization, Geneva. P019- EVALUACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE COMPUESTOS AROMÁTICOS COMO INHIBIDORES DE β-LACTAMASA Jaramillo MC, Mora CL, Vélez LE, Arango GJ Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, GISB, Calle 62 52-59. Torre 2, Laboratorio 229, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] La enzima β-lactamasa destruye hidrolíticamente moléculas antibióticas. La aparición frecuente de resistencia microbiana debido a la enzima β-lactamasa en bacterias patógenas, ha traído consecuencias importantes en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad en Colombia. En la lucha de contrarrestar la actividad destructora de la enzima β-lactamasa, nuestro grupo investiga sobre compuestos inhibidores de esta enzima con el fin de presentar alternativas para el control de bacteria productoras de β-lactamasa. Estos compuestos tienen como cabeza de serie la benzoacetofenona, al cual se le adiciono grupos extractores y dadores de electrones en los anillos aromáticos. La enzima fue preparada en buffer fosfato pH 7.3, incubada a 37°C por 10 hr con amoxicilina a concentraciones entre 18 µM y 108 µM. La concentración evaluada de ácido clavulánico, patrón de referencia usado para infecciones mixtas, y los compuestos fue de 5.4 µM. Los valores de Km y Vmax para los complejos enzima-sustrato fueron obtenidos con el paquete GraphPad prisma. Cada evaluación se realizó por triplicado. Se evaluó la benzoacetofenona sobre la enzima β-lactamasa, a este compuesto se le adicionaron diferentes grupos funcionales en los anillos aromáticos y el modo de acción del compuesto cambia de inhibidor no competitivo a inhibidor competitivo, es decir los grupos funcionales adicionados podrían cambiar la orientación del inhibidor con respecto al sitio activo. La adición de grupos funcionales atractores de electrones en uno de los anillos podría influenciar en la actividad inhibitoria de los compuestos. Los compuestos derivados de la benzoacetofenona son más activos como inhibidores competitivos de la enzima que el ácido clavulánico. Todos los compuestos evaluados fueron inhibidores de la enzima y después de 10 hr, la enzima no recobra su actividad, esto podría indicar que los compuestos reportados en este estudio podrían inhibir irreversiblemente la enzima β-lactamasa. P020- in vitro ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF ALKALOIDS FROM Phaedranassa dubia (AMARYLLIDACEAE) Osorio E1,2, Brun R3, Viladomat F2, Codina C2, Cabezas F4 and Bastida J2 1Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A. 1226-Medellín, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departament de Productes Naturals, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain. 3Parasite Chemotherapy, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrae 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. 4Departamento de Química, Grupo de Química de Compuestos Bioactivos, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia. Continuing our work on Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, the bulbs of Phaedranassa dubia were studied and found to contain eight alkaloids: pseudolycorine, ungeremine, zefbetaine, haemanthamine, sanguinine, galanthamine, epinorgalanthamine and buphanamine. Their structures were established using physical and spectroscopic methods. Each alkaloid was tested





82

against the following parasitic protozoa: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum. The results showed a good activity of the betaine ungeremine against P. falciparum (IC50 = 0.09 µg/ml). Additionally, haemanthamine presented noteworthy activity against T. brucei rhodesiense (IC50 = 0.49 µg/ml) and P. falciparum (IC50 = 0.69 µg/ml) and pseudolycorine was active against P. falciparum (IC50 = 0.24 µg/ml). Acknowledgements: Edison Osorio thanks the Fundación Carolina for his doctoral fellowship. P021- ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSAY GUIDED FRACTIONATION OF Eupatorium arnottianum EXTRACTS Clavin M1, Yardley V2, Croft S2, Anke T3 & Martino V1

1Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA) (UBA-CONICET), Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956- Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: [email protected] 2London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. 3LB Biotechnologie, University of Kaiserslautern, 23 P. Ehrlich St., Kaiserslautern, Germany. Antiprotozoal activities of dichloromethane extract and antimicrobial activity of dichloromethane and ethanol 50% extracts of E. arnottianum Griseb. are reported in the present study, as well as isolation of antimicrobial compounds. E. arnottianum is a medicinal herb used in Argentina and Bolivia. Kallawaya healers of the Bolivian Altiplano use its tea against bronchitis and colds, and the fresh or dried leaves for bone fractures and dislocations. Dichloromethane extract of E. arnottianum was assayed against Leishmania donovanni and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense according to Tasdemir et al, 2006. Antimicrobial activity of dichloromethane and ethanol 50% extracts and fractions were done using the disk difussion assay (200 ug extract/disk). Dichloromethane extract of E. arnottianum inhibited T. brucei rhodesiense growth (ED50 3.6 µg/ml) and L. donovani (ED50 11.5 µg/ml). This extract was adsorbed on celite and successively submitted to S/L extractions, CC in Sephadex LH 20 and preparative DAD HPLC. The four main fractions obtained were tested for bioactivity. From two active fractions (ED50 L. donovani 1.1 ug/ml) and (ED50 P. falciparum 6.18 µg/ml) four flavonoids were isolated, activity assays of which are in course. Dichloromethane extract was also active against B. brevis, B. subtilis and N. coryli. The extract was fractioned as mentioned above and fractions tested against B. brevis. From one of the fractions an active compound, jaceosidin, was isolated. Ethanol 50% extract selectively inhibited B. brevis and B. subtilis. This extract was partitioned by L/L extraction and CC Sephadex LH20. Bioautography and disk diffusion guided fractionation against B. brevis led to the isolation and identification of two active compounds: nepetin and eriodyctiol. References: Tasdemir D., Kaiser M., Brun R., Yardley V., Schmidt T.J., Tosun F., Ruedi P. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006; 50(4):1352-64. P022- ACTIVIDAD ANTIBACTERIANA DE EXTRACTOS DICLOROMETÁNICOS DE ONCE PLANTAS DE LA FLORA DE ENTRE RÍOS (ARGENTINA) Vivot E1, Muñoz JD2, Herrero I1, Dragán A1 y Sequin C1 Cátedras 1Química General, 2Botánica Sistemática, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, UNER-Ruta 11, Km 10, CC Nº 24 (3100), Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] La resistencia que han desarrollado distintos agentes infecciosos, especialmente las bacterias, a los medicamentos tradicionales, impone la urgente necesidad de buscar medicinas alternativas en el mundo vegetal. El conocimiento etnobotánico atesora numerosas plantas con reputación antimicrobiana que requieren la comprobación científica de dichas bioactividades. La flora vascular de Entre Ríos (Argentina) atesora más de 500 especies de plantas medicinales -de un total de 2.050-, que tienen registros de usos para el tratamiento de la salud. Muchas de estas plantas son utilizadas en la cultura popular para el tratamiento de dermatitis, infecciones, eczemas, granos y otras afecciones atribuidas a bacterias y hongos, de las cuales se seleccionaron 11 especies vegetales: Acacia bonariensis Gilles ex Hook & Arn.; Baccharis articulata (Lam.) Pers.; Blepharocahyx salicifolia (Kunth) O.Berg.; Castela Tweedii Planch.; Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms; Eritrina crista-galli L., Gaillardia megapotamica (Spreng.) Baker var. Megapotamica; Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam.; Phytolacca dioica L.; Senna scabriuscula (Vog.-Zuber) H.S. Irwin & barneby; Typha latifolia L. Se ensayaron 14 extractos diclorometánicos –11 de partes aéreas de todas las especies, 2 de corteza de E. crista-galli y P. dioica, y 1 de raíz de T. Latifolia- mediante el test de difusión en medio sólido





83

frente a cepas de bacterias gram positivas y negativas: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633); Escherichia coli (ATCC 25422); Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), como además frente a una cepa clínica(*) de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina. Los resultados muestran que los extractos de partes aéreas de E. crassipes y de corteza de E. crista-galli resultaron activos contra B. subtilis y S. aureus. Asimismo, mostraron actividad contra B. subtilis los extractos de H. Bonariensis, Typha latifolia (raiz), B. articulata y Blepharocahyx salicifolia. Los extractos de partes aéreas de B. salicifolia y E. crassipes evidenciaron actividad contra la cepa clínica de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina. Los resultados alcanzados auspician la profundización de los estudios. P023- ANTI-CHAGASIC AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF 5-NITRO-HETEROCYCLIC BENHYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES OBTAINED BY PARALLEL SYNTHESIS Rando DGa,b, Ferreira EIa, Avery MAc aUniversidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, Brasil; bUniversidade Bandeirante de São Paulo, R. Ma. Cândida, 1813, São Paulo, Brasil; cUniversity of Mississippi, 417 Faser Hall University, Oxford, MS, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Chagas´ disease and malaria have been considered neglected diseases and serious health and social problems to endemic countries. Nitroderivatives have been exploited in medicine as broad spectrum antimicrobial agents whose most accepted mechanism of action depends on the reduction of the nitro group, free radical production and damage to parasite DNA triggering a lethal effect. This project aimed the synthesis of a 5-nitro-heterocyclic benzhydrazide series with two main sites of diversity: the benzenic ring whit different linked R groups and substitution patterns and the kind of heterocyclic group directly bounded to the nitro group. A 64 compounds library was designed from non-substituted leads and 56 derivatives were obtained by applying automated parallel synthesis. This synthetic approach is an important tool to synthetic derivation of lead compounds and has been widely applied to the optimization of bioactive agents from natural sources. This library was screened in vitro in the search for active compounds against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi. 2D-QSAR studies were also carried out. Seven compounds exhibited promising activity against P. falciparum. 2D-QSAR analysis revealed compounds 7 fold more active than the non-substituted prototype. Nitrothiophenes derivatives were more active than nitrofurans pointing to the relevance of the kind of heterocyclic group linked to the nitro group for this activity. To the anti-chagasic activity, derivatives were highly promising and exhibited better pharmacological activity profiles than the reference drug. In contrast with the observed for the malaria assays, nitrofurans exhibited better activity than the nitrothiophenes derivatives. P024- ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF CUBAN VEGETABLE SPECIES González-Lavaut JAa, Prieto-González Sa, Garrido-Garrido Ga, García Torres Mb, González-Guevara JLa, González-García Ka, Monteagudo-Borges Rb, Rivas de la Vega Ya, Gordo-Alvarez Oa, Echemendía-Arana OAb, Pino-Rodríguez Sa

aCenter of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 200 Street and 21 Ave, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. bFinlay Institute, 27 Ave, No. 19805, La Lisa, La Habana. Cuba. Email: josea.lavaut@infomed. sld.cu Introduction: The natural products, fundamentally those that are based on medicinal plants constitute favourites therapies for the treatment of some ailments and illnesses. They are hundred the virus known by the sciences and every day they are discovered some more than cause a very negative effect for the humanity. In the action against the micro-organisms, the scientific development has propitiated the interest for the medicinal plants and the natural bioactive substances to battle some virus and today it is investigated strongly in this field. Material and methods: We carried out a prospecting of the scientific literature around the use of the medicinal plants for the treatment of viral processes. In the particular thing, it is evaluated the citotoxicity and antiviral capacity of extracts in several species of the Erythroxylum, Erythrina and Zanthoxylum genus that grow in Cuba against stumps of banks and of isolated clinical, in some cases the viruside activity is evaluated. Results: It is feasible to direct the investigations with vegetable species for the search of antiviral extracts, keeping in mind that the etnomedical knowledge constitutes an instrument of very potent information that allows guiding the current scientific investigations in the search of new therapies, in the face of a high diversity of superior plants to explore. In our mark, exist some genus of plants that are





84

promissory at least to find made up with properties antiviral. Extracts of several species of the Erythroxylum and Erythrina genus showed antiherpetic activity of the type I and II, and they don't turn out to be toxic. Conclusions: The flora constitutes an important resource for the treatment of viral affections. Diverse extracts coming from vegetable species can diminish or to eliminate the undesirable effects of the illnesses taken place by virus. Some extracts of the Erythroxylum and Erythrina goods show capacity antiviral and they could become phytomedicines. References: 1. Prieto-González, S. et al. (2004) Rev. CENIC Ciencias Biológicas 35:19-36. 2. González-García, K. et al. (2005) Acta Farmacéutica B., 24: 284-290. P025- ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTACTS FROM Erythroxylum GENUS AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 Monteagudo-Borges Ra, García-Torres Ma, Hidalgo-Perera Oa, Echemendía-Arana OAa, Bolaños-Queral Ga, Lago-Abascal Va, González-Lavaut JAb and González-Guevara Jb aInstituto Finlay. Centro de Investigación-Desarrollo-Producción de Vacunas. Ave 27 No. 19805, La Lisa, A.P. 16017. Postal Cod. 11600. La Habana. Cuba. bCentro de Química Farmacéutica, La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Nowadays, different drugs are used for the treatment of the Herpes simplex; more of them are very toxic and expensive. Several hundred plant species have potential antiviral properties. In this research, were evaluated the antiviral, virucidal and cytotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts derived from plants of the Erythroxylum genus, against Herpes simplex virus type 2. Materials and methods: The cytotoxicity of these extracts was determined by colorimetric MTT method. The antiviral assay was performed in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates. In these assays, different concentrations of extracts were added to confluent monolayers of cells. After 60 min of incubation at 370C, the virus suspensions were added. The 50% effective concentration was calculated using the MTT method. To determine the ability of compounds to directly inactivate HSV-2, the virus suspension was mixed with different concentrations of the extracts. After 60 min, the mixtures were added to monolayers of cell. All plates were incubated at 370C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere incubator. Results: The citotoxic values were found higher than 1000 µg/mL with 95% of cellular viability. All the extracts were be able to protect the cells against the infection by Herpes simple 2 and showed a good virucidal activity. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the extracts studied should be considered as good antiviral candidates. P026- EVALUATION OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS FROM Erythroxylum minutifolium AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 García-Torres M a, Monteagudo-Borges Ra, Fidalgo-Perera Oa, Echemendía-Arana OAa, Bolaños-Queral Ga, Lago-Abascal Va, Almora-Hernández Ea, González-Guevara Jb and González-Lavaut JAb aInstituto Finlay. Centro de Investigación-Desarrollo-Producción de Vacunas. Ave 27 No. 19805, La Lisa, A. P. 16017. Postal Cod. 11600. La Habana. Cuba. bCentro de Química Farmacéutica (CQF), La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Several hundred plants and herb species that have potential as novel antiviral agents have been studied, with surprisingly little overlap. The genus Erythroxylum contains species with potent antiviral activity against Herpes simplex viruses. In this research, were evaluated the antiviral and cytotoxic activities of six fractions from the Erythroxylum minutifolium, an endemic Cuban species, against Herpes simplex virus type 2. Materials and methods: The cytotoxicity of these fractions was evaluated using the quantitative MTT assay. The antiviral assay was performed in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates evaluating 4 replicates by sample. In these assays, different concentrations were added to confluent monolayers of cells. After 60 min of incubation at 370C, appropiate virus suspensions were added. The 50% effective concentration was calculated using the MTT method. To determine the ability of compounds to directly inactivate HSV-2, the virus suspension was mixed with different concentrations of each fraction. After 60 min, the mixtures were added to monolayers of cell. All plates were incubated at 370C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere incubator. Results: The fractions EM-CM, FA-P, FA, FA1, FA2 and FP showed antiviral activity against HSV-2. All fractions exhibited a potent virucidal activity, except the EM-C fraction, which did not show antiviral activity either.





85

Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the use of the fractions from Erythroxylum minutifolium species should be considered a source of effective antivirals. P027- ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION IN VIVO OF Spirulina platensis Megret Ra, Torres MAb

aDepartment of Pharmacy. Faculty Natural Sciences. University of Oriente. Patricio Lumumba s/n. Santiago of Cuba. Cuba. bDepartment of Toxicology. Institute of Pharmacy and Food. University of Havana. Street: 222. Coronela. Lisa. Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: At the present time, one works in the search compound capable to attenuate the physiologic disorders mediated by the generation of the reactive oxygen species, for that presently work are shown the results the antioxidant evaluation the Spirulina platensis, through a model toxicity induced by paraquat, which generates bipiridil radical and consequently lipid peroxidation. Materials and methods: Female rats Sprague Dawley was used tried with a suspension of Spiruilina platensis 10% in cellulose carboxymethyl 0.5%, to a dose 2 g/kg during 7 days by mouth and the paraquat was administered in saline solution 40 mg/kg intraperitonealy to the eighth day of the experiment, being carried out the sacrifice later 48 h. As antioxidant pattern was employee the vitamin E in sunflower oil to a dose 50 m/kg by mouth, the animals were distributed in five experimental groups: Control, toxicity with paraquat, Spirulina, Spirulina + paraquat and vitamin E + paraquat, were extracted the organs: liver, kidney and lung, for the obtaining homogenates, with which was measured biomarkers of the oxidative stress: reduced glutathione, total proteins, malonyldialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. Statistical analysis was carried out through the mean and standard deviation and the test of Kruscal Wallis and test of Dunn to determine the statistical significance among groups. Results: It was obtained that this microalgae, elevated the concentrations reduced glutathione and total proteins, it diminished the levels malonyldialdehyde, it increased the activity the superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, with securities statistically significant with regard to the group treaty with vitamin E. Conclusion: These discoveries suggest that the Spirulina platensis, possesses antioxidant compounds as: carotenes, vitamin E, vitamin C, among other, that confer it a preventive action against the oxidative damage induced for paraquat. P028- SCAVENGER THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY Spirulina platensis Megret Ra, Torres MAb aDepartment of Pharmacy. Faculty Natural Sciences. University of Oriente. Patricio Lumumba s/n. Santiago of Cuba. Cuba. bDepartment of Toxicology. Institute of Pharmacy and Food. University of Havana. Street: 222. Coronela. Lisa. Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Spirulina platensis, is a microalgae very utilized as nutritional supplement. In this investigation was carried out a study the antioxidant activity in vitro of different concentrations the hidroalcoholic extract, through the mensuration of the scavenger Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) that allowed to demonstrate its antioxidant capacity. Materials and methods: It was evaluated capturing the superoxide (O2

.-) for the method the Pirogallol, the scavenger hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by means of the colorimetric quantitative determination this ROS using the assay based on the oxidation the ferrous iron to ferric for hydrogen peroxide under acid conditions and the hidroxyl radical (OH.), as well as the power chelate iron of the Spirulina, by means of the generation the OH. for the system H2O2/EDTA/Fe3+/ ascorbic acid and the detection the damages that originates this radical to the sugar deoxyribose. For the determination the antioxidant capacity the homogenate it was obtained brain rats that it is rich in phospholipids and suffer peroxidative processes that can be measured by the increment the levels of reactive products with tiobarbituric acid. Statistical analysis was carried out using the test Anova and Dunnet. Results: The hidroalcoholic extract of the Spirulina possesses components as the ficocianin and the superoxide dismutase enzyme, capable to scavenger the O2

.-, besides protecting at deoxyribose for its capacity of scavenger OH. and chelate iron, for the presence compound as carotenes and vitamin E; the capture the H2O2 was not demonstrated. With relations to the antioxidant capacity was demonstrated that this natural substance is capable to significantly inhibit the peroxidative processes spontaneous and catalyzed by metals at the concentrations 0.35% and 0.5%. Conclusion: Vitamin E, ficocianin, superoxide dismutase enzyme, among other, presents in the Spirulina platensis confers great antioxidant activity.





86

P029- EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOEDEMATOGENIC, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF AERIAL PARTS OF Tillandsia streptocarpa -(Bromeliaceceae) Delaporte RHa, Sarragiotto MHb, Takemura OSc, Sánchez GMc, Pérez Davison Gc, Filho BPDd, Nakamura CVd aInstituto Superior de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Bioquímica, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Morais, s/n, 87502-210, Umuarama, PR., Brazil. bDepartamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR,.Brazil. cCenter for Evaluation and Biological Research, Institute of Pharmacy, Havana University, Havana, Cuba. dDepartamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The crude methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Tillandsia streptocarpa was investigated for their acute toxicity and antioedematogenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Also, the antioedematogenic activity of the hexane fraction resulting from the partition of the crude methanolic extract was evaluated. Material and methods: Tillandsia streptocarpa were collected, extracted with methanol and submitted to biological assay. Results: The methanolic extract and the hexane fraction showed significant (p< 0.05) inhibition of ear oedema observed at 2 and 4 mg/ear in the croton oil-induced mice ear oedema test. In the DPPH free-radical scavenging test, a high reactivity and potent antioxidant effect (IC50= 0,0056 % w/v) were observed for the methanolic extract. The antimicrobial activity assay showed that the crude methanolic extract was inactive toward E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. tropicalis (MIC >500 µg/ml). The methanolic extract showed no toxic effect at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. Common side effects including mild diarrhea, loss of weight and depression were not recorded. The compounds cycloartenol, 2’,5-dihydroxy-5’,7-dimethoxyflavanone and a mixture of the steroids stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol were isolated from the hexane fraction and identified by spectroscopic methods. Conclusions: The present study demonstrate the antioedematogenic and free radical scavenging effects as well as, the low toxicity of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of T. streptocarpa, supporting the traditional use of this plant for treatment of inflammatory processes. P030- BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPOUNDS FROM Pedilanthus tithymaloides González TLa, Abreu Pb, Matthew Sb, Costa Dc, Segundo Mc and Fernandes Ec aDepartamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba; Cuba, bCQFB/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; cREQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Anibal Cunha 164, 4090-030, Porto, Portugal. Email: [email protected] Pedilanthus tithymaloids (L.) Poit. (Euphorbiaceae) is a low tropical American shrub with a wide range of healing properties such as emetic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiseptic, antihemorrhagic, antiviral, antitumoral, and abortive.1 In Cuban traditional medicine, a 30% tincture of P. tithymaloides is used as an anti-inflammatory remedy in the treatment of stomatological affections. Aiming the identification of the active principles responsible for these medicinal properties, we have previously determined the scavenging effects of the tincture against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), with the following results: HO˙ (IC50 = 345 ± 77 µg/mL); O2

˙¯ (IC50 = 143 ± 7 µg/mL); HOCl (IC50 = 113 ± 20 µg/mL); ONOO¯ (IC50 = 44 ± 3 µg/mL); ONOO¯ in the presence of NaHCO3 (IC50 = 82 ± 12 µg/mL); and ˙NO (IC50 = 54 ± 4 µg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema assay, which showed 83, 94 and 92% inhibition, at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively.2 Following these results, a 70% EtOH extract of stem and leaves of P. tithymaloides was eluted over a RP-18 column with H2O, H2O/MeOH (1:1), MeOH, and CH2Cl2, and the corresponding fractions tested against ˙NO, ONOO¯, and ROO˙. The MeOH/H2O (1:1), and the MeOH fractions proved to be the most active, with the following IC50 values (µg/mL): ˙NO (MeOH/H2O, 11.9 ± 2.2; MeOH, 21.1 ± 8.4); ONOO¯ (MeOH/H2O, 2.5 ± 0.2; MeOH, 16.3 ± 1.1); ONOO¯ in the presence of NaHCO3 (MeOH/H2O, 1.9 ± 0.3; MeOH, 5.6 ± 1.1); ROO˙ (MeOH/H2O, 1157 ± 53; MeOH, 422 ± 39). Using a methodology of bioguided isolation, monitored by TLC autographic assay of 2,2-





87

diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical,3 we have isolated and identified the flavonoids kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-6´´-(3´´´-hydroxy-3´´´-methylglutarate), quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and the coumarin scopoletin. The results here presented indicate that these phenolic compounds constitute part of the active principles of the plant extract responsible for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Acknowledgements: REQUIMTE and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal). Referentes: 1. Roig, J.T., 1974. Plantas Medicinales e Venenosas de Cuba, ed. Editorial Científico Tecnico, La Habana. 2. Abreu, P., Matthew, S., González, T. Costa, D., Segundo, M.A., Fernandes, E., 2006. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of a medicinal tincture from Pedilanthus tithymaloides. Life Sciences 78, 1578–1585. 3. Cuendet, M., Hostettmann, K., Potterat, O., 1997. Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80, 1144-1152. P031- PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CAFFEINE ISOLATED FROM Ilex paraguariensis ON PEROXIDASE SECRETION IN RAT SUBMANDIBULARY GLANDS Anesini Ca, Turner Sa, Mauele MGa, Ferraro Gac, and Filip Rc

aIQUIMEFA (UBA- CONICET), cPharmacognosy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: [email protected] Free radicals are involved in diseases such as tumoral, central nervous system alterations, immunological and inflammatory pathologies. Peroxidase is an oral enzyme implicated in the defense of oral cavity. In previous study the presence of caffeolyl derivatives and methylxantines such as caffeine in the aqueous extract of the I. paraguariensis was investigated by HPLC analysis. Caffeine, have been shown to modulate the cAMP pathway through inhibition of phosphodiesterases. It is known that cAMP is involved in protein secretion. In this study, we propose 1-to investigate the influence of I. paraguariensis and the commercial product made with it “Yerba mate”, on peroxidase secretion in female rat submaxilary glands. 2- to isolate and quantify the caffeine present in both extracts. 3- to analyze the effect of the isolated caffeine on peroxidase secretion. 4- to investigate the mechanism of action evaluating the participation of cAMP. Peroxidase activity was determined by a spectroscopy method in triplicate; caffeine was isolated and quantified by Photodiode-Array Detector HPLC. I. paraguariensis and “Yerba mate” significantly increased the activity of secreted peroxidase, effective medium concentrations (EC50) (µg/ml) (I. paraguariensis: 841 ± 20; Yerba Mate: 148 ± 10). Caffeine was quantified in the aqueous extracts, results were expressed as g/100 g of dried plant material: (I. paraguariensis: 1.06 ± 0.06; “Yerba Mate”: 0.70 ± 0.06). The isolated caffeine increased peroxidase secretion in concentration-response relationship (EC50) (µg/ml): 238 ± 15). This effect was blunted by imidazole a phosphodiesterase activator: stimulation index of secreted peroxidase with caffeine 1000 µg/ml: 5 ± 0,3; caffeine + imidazole (µg/ml): 2 ± 0,15). These results suggest that caffeine exerted an important role in the secretion of peroxidase induced by the aqueous extracts where cAMP could be is one of the intracellular signals related in the caffeine action. P032- MANGIFERIN INTERACTION WITH MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN THIOL GROUPS AND GLUTATHIONE. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITIES Pardo-Andreu GL, Ávila R, Delgado R Department of Biomedical Investigations. Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Havana. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] We recently shown that mangiferin increased susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition-MPT (Arch Biochem Biophys 439 (2005) 184–193). We hypothesized that oxidized derivatives of mangiferin, particularly its quinoids derivatives, could interact with mitochondrial thiol groups eliciting such effect. In this work we test this hypothesis, using spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques with isolated mitochondria from rats liver. We showed that in vitro exposure of mitochondria to mangiferin plus Ca2+ resulted in oxidation of thiol groups, in the same way that the compound inhibited the Ca2+-induced peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane lipids. The spectrum of mangiferin during its oxidation by the H2O2/ Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) system showed a characteristic absorption peak at 380 nm, which decreased immediately after reaction was started; two isosbestic points at around 336 and 412 nm, with a blue shift in the position of the maxima absorption of mangiferin were observed, suggesting their conversion into one oxidation product. Glutathione abolished this decrease of absorbance,





88

suggesting that the oxidation product of mangiferin forms adducts with GSH. The results obtained by HPLC (trifluoracetic acid (0.1 %):acetonitrile (88:12 v/v), UV detection and λ = 275 nm) confirm the spectrophotometric assays. A new signal at 8 min of retention time was obtained after the oxidation process of mangiferin in the presence of GSH, which confirms the formation of the adduct between the oxidation products of mangiferin and GSH. We propose that Ca2+ increases levels of mitochondria-generated ROS, which reacts with mangiferin producing quinoid derivatives, which in turn react with the most accessible mitochondrial thiol groups, thus triggering MPT. It seems probable that the free radical scavenging activity of mangiferin shifts its anti-oxidant protection to the thiol arylation. An interesting proposition is that accumulation of mangiferin quinoid products would take place in cells exposed to an overproduction of ROS, such as cancer cells, where the occurrence of MPT-mediated apoptosis may be a cellular defence mechanism against excessive ROS formation. P033- MANGIFERIN-FE(III) COMPLEX: CHEMICAL EVIDENCE, SUPEROXIDE SCAVENGING ACTIVITY AND CYTOPROTECTION Pardo-Andreu GL1, Sánchez-Baldoquín C1, Ávila-González1, Delgado R1, Naal Z2, Curti C2 1Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200, Esq. 21, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Iron-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in several pathological processes like ß-thalassemia, Friedreich’s ataxia and hemochromatosis. In the present work we provided evidence for the formation of a mangiferin:Fe(III) complex (2:1), by means of either iron-induced changes in the UV/Vis spectrum of mangiferin or reduction of the anodic current peak in the voltammogram of that compound; we demonstrated, in addition, that the ferric complex is more effective than mangiferin itself in scavenging superoxide radicals generated by the pyrogallol autoxidation, as well as in protecting hepatocytes from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury. Moreover, we found that mangiferin:Fe(III) complex reacts more readily with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2 than does mangiferin alone. We postulate that mangiferin would afford protection against iron/ROS-mediated pathological processes by means of both iron chelating and/or iron-stimulated superoxide radical scavenging activity. P034- EFFECT OF BIOFLAVONOID LESPEFLAN ON XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN MERCURY CHLORIDE TOXICITY Nikolic J, Kocic G, Jevtovic-Stojmenov T Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia and Montenegro. Email: [email protected] Free radical production and oxidative stress is one of mechanisms of tissue damage in heavy metal toxicity. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme involved in catabolism of purine bases, adenine and guanine. Enzyme exists in two interconvertible forms, as xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenate. Higher level of xanthine oxidase activity toward xanthine dehydrogenase increases production of free radicals and lipid peroxidation level. Because of increased literature information on benefits of medical plants in health prevention the aim of the study was evaluation of the role of bioflavonoid lespeflan on xanthine oxidase activity in the mechanisms of toxicity of mercury chloride. Ration xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase activity is inportant mrchanism in free radical production and tissue damage. We have study xanthine oxidase activity, free radical production and possible effects of bioflavonoid lespeflan in mercury chloride neurotoxicity. In the experiment we used male Spraque Dawley rats weighing about 250g dividing into four groups: 1. control, 2- treated with mercury chloride; 3- rats treated with lespeflan and 4- animals treated with lespeflan one our before mercury chloride administration. Brain tissue homogenates were used for biochemical analysis. Results of the study show increased activity of xanthine oxidase and lipid peroxidation level in brain homogenate 24 hours after mercury chloride administration (p<0.05). Pretreatment of animals by bioflavonoid lespeflan significantly decreases enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxidation level compared to control group. Obtained results indicate that increase of xanthine oxidase activity and free radical production may be a mechanism in mercury chloride toxicity. Bioflavonoid lespeflan decreases xanthine oxidase activity and lipid preroxidation level.





89

P035- ACUTE TOXICITY, HYPOGLUCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF Allophylus cominia (L) SW Rodríguez CCa, Martínez Gb, Canell Ya, Safonts La aLaboratorios Biológicos Farmacéuticos LABIOFAM. Ave Independencia Km 16½ Santiago de las Vegas. C. Habana. bCentro de Estudios para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas, CEIEB. Ave. 23 # 21425 e/ 214 y 222, La Coronela, La Lisa. C.P. 13600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Allophylus cominia (L) Sw, (palo de caja), has been used in Cuba as a folk medicine for treatment of diabetes. However, there is no information available on the pharmacological and toxicological actions of this plant. The oral acute toxicity, the hypoglucemic and antioxidant effect of two extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) of A. cominia was study. Acute oral toxicity assay was carried out according to Guideline 423 of OECD in adult Wistar rats at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats after administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (50mg/kg b.w., i.p, tail vein). Diabetes rats were classified into three groups of nine animals each one. Destilled water, ethanolic extract and aqueous extract were orally administrated to animals groups by seven consecutive days. The antioxidant activity of the extracts, was assayed by three methods: the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 1,1´-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity assays. Oral administration of A. cominia extracts (2000 mg/kg) did not result in lethality, behavioral changes, and macroscopical histological alterations. In addition no retarded (14 days) toxic signs were observed. Administration of aqueous and ethanolic extracts (50 mg/kg) of A. cominia significantly lowered (p<0.05) the blood glucose in STZ induced diabetes rats. A. cominia extracts acts as a potent free radicals scavenger in the DPPH assay and prevent the oxidation induced by Fe2+ (FRAP assay). Additionally, both extracts decreased the lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A. cominia was innocuous when administrated by oral way in rats and exhibited hypoglucemic effect and antioxidant activity in vitro. P036- ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION OF Musa paradisiaca EXTRACT (Acitan®) IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL INJURY INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS Pérez MRa, Guevara Ia, López Yb, Martínez Gb, Merino Nc, Álvarez Db, León OSb

aLABIOFAM, Ave Independencia Km 16½ Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. bCentro de Estudios para las Investigaciones y las Evaluaciones Biológicas, IFAL, Universidad de La Habana, Ave 23 No 21425 e/ 214 y 222, Lisa, C. Habana, Cuba. cCentro de Química Farmacéutica, 200 y 21Cuba, Atabey, Playa, C. Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation play an important rol in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin. The decreases glutathione peroxidase activity aggravates the injury due to accelerated accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxides in the gastric mucosal cell. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Acitan®, a natural product obtained from Musa paradisiaca stem, with antioxidant properties, on indomethacin induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Gastric haemorrhagic damage was induced by oral administration of indomethacin (50 mg/kg). Animals were divided into five groups consisting of ten animals/group (vehicle control, cimetidine as positive control, and Acitan® 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg respectively. The treatment carriet out during one week twice a day p.o before indomethacin administration. Five hours after indomethacin treatment the rats were killed under ether anesthesia, the stomach was removed and opened along the greater curvature. A sample of stomach was analyzed histopathologicaly, and additional sample was homogenized. The homogenate was centrifuged and supernatant was used for enzyme analysis (catalasa, superoxide dismutase, phospholipase A2, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde). Gastric injury was significantly increased after 5 hours of indomethacin administration. Pre-treatment with Acitan® (75, 150, 300 mg/kg) stimulated superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and glutathione levels (p<0.05) compared to control group. Acitan® inhibed neutrophilic infiltration, phospholipase A2 activity in comparison to control group (p<0.05). The increase in lipid peroxidation induced by indomethacin was inhibited by Acitan®. Biochemical findings are in agreement with histological results. These results provide evidence that Acitan® has a protective effect on mucosal gastric injury probably due to its antioxidant activity.





90

P037- LOCAL MEDITERRANEAN FOOD AS A SOURCE OF NOVEL ANTI-OXIDANTS Nebel S1, Leonti M1,2, Nilsson H1 & Heinrich M1 1Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Sq. London WC1N 1AX. 2Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Italy. Email: [email protected] There are still many rural regions and communities in Southern Europe, which follow traditional life styles. Food is an example exemplifying local knowledge and the use of local food species potentially has considerable health benefits. The Mediterranean traditional food knowledge has sometimes been described as a diet mainly composed by pasta, olive oil, vegetables, fruits, red wine, sea-foods and only few red meats. A hitherto little studied aspect are locally collected wild greens. This project focused specifically on new sources for natural and nutritional antioxidants and included a primary screening of wild food plants collected in Southern Italy, South Eastern Spain and Greece. Here we only focus on the plants collected in the Graecanic (Greek speaking) community of Gallicanó in Southern Italy (1,2). An antioxidant assay [measurement of free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH) assay] and the inhibition of the xanthine oxidase were used together with a large number of other assays (conducted by other members of the 'Local Food-Nutraceuticals Consortium’) as a panel of primary screening assays in order to selected species with the highest in vitro activity. Reichardia picroides Roth (Asteraceae) collected both from Gallicanó and on Crete (Greece) showed the highest overall activity score of the species from this regions; Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae), a species also collected in other regions of Italy and in Greece was another species which showed noteworthy activity (3). The chemical composition of Reseda alba is practically unknown. Only one compound, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl-glucosinolate, had previously been isolated (4). In the primary screen it showed noteworthy activity in the measurement of lipid peroxidation in mouse brain tissue (MDA, 3). The dried plant material (890 g dried young leaves) ground and extracted with dichloromethane and methanol (cold percolation) yielded in 18 g dichloromethane extract and 225 g methanol extract respectively. Flavonoid-type compounds were isolated using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and the purity of the samples was verified with TLC and 1H NMR. The structure was elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). From the methanol extract five flavonoid glycosides were isolated. One of the isolated flavonoid was identified as kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside. Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the input of all members of the consortium 'Local Food-Nutraceuticals' co-ordinated by MH (see http://www.biozentrum.uni-frankfurt.de/Pharmakologie/EU-Web/index.html) and funding by the EU (QLRT-2001-00173; 2002 – 2004). References: 1. Nebel S. (2005) Ta chòrta: Piante commestibili tradizionali di Gallicianò. London: University of London, School of Pharmacy. 61 pp. 2. Heinrich M, Leonti M, Nebel S, Peschel W. (2005). J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 56 (S): 5-22. 3. The Local Food-Nutraceuticals Consortium (2005) Pharmacol. Res. 52: 353-66. 4. Gmelin R Kjaer A. (1970) Phytochemistry 9: 599-600. P038- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND THE PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN TRADITIONAL BALSAMIC VINEGAR Verzelloni E1, Tagliazucchi D2, Panicucci E3, Conte A2

1Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 2Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Kennedy 17, Reggio Emilia, Italy. 3Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]

Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites found in plants. Plant phenolics present in fruits and vegetables and particularly those in green tea and red wine have received considerable attention for their antioxidant activity and potential health benefits [1]. The antioxidant properties of traditional balsamic vinegar as regards its phenolic and flavonoid content comparing to selected vinegars and red wines have been investigated. The polyphenols were separated from interfering compounds utilizing C18 columns. The interfering compounds were collected in water, whereas the polyphenols were collected in the methanolic fractions with a recovery over than 90%. The polyphenolic content was determined on the methanolic fractions utilizing both Folin-Ciocalteu and peroxidase assays [2]. The antioxidant capacity was quantified using both ABTS and FRAP assays [3]. The results show that traditional balsamic vinegar has lower antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid content than Nero d’Avola but higher than the other tested products. The antioxidant capacity of wines and vinegars is





91

highly correlated with their phenolic content, measured by peroxidase assay. The antioxidant capacity of red wines and red wine vinegar is also highly correlated with their flavonoid content while in traditional balsamic vinegar and balsamic vinegar this correlation diminishes suggesting that other compounds (such as phenolics different from flavonoids and Maillard reaction products) contribute to the antioxidant properties of these vinegars. The results suggest that traditional balsamic vinegar which is rich in phenolic antioxidants, is a seasoning that can contribute, along with vegetables and wine, to increase the total amount of antioxidants ingested during a meal. The study describes a simple and fast method of separating from other compounds and of measuring polyphenols in the analysis of red wines and vinegars with complex composition such as traditional balsamic vinegar. References: 1. Croft KD. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 854, 435, 1998. 2. Stevanato R., Fabris S. and Momo F. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 6287, 2004. 3. Prior R.L., Wu X. and Schaich K. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 4290, 2005. P039- THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ACETOVANILLONE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BORDERLINE AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION Jendeková L, Kojsová S, Pechánová O Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Email: [email protected] Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of acetovanillone (4 - hydroxy - 3 – methoxyacetophenone, apocynin), recognized as a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, on the blood pressure (BP) development in borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in comparison with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Methods: Young 6-week-old male BHR (offspring of SHR dams and Wistar Kyoto sires) and SHR were treated with apocynin in the dose of 30 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Systolic BP was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was determined by measuring the formation of L-[3H] citrulline from L-[3H] arginine in the aorta, left ventricle, kidney and cerebellum. Concentration of conjugated dienes (CD) and expression of nuclear factor NF-kappa B, markers of reactive oxygen species, were detected in the left ventricle, kidney and cerebellum. Concentration of cGMP was determined in the same tissues. Results: Systolic BP of WKY, BHR and SHR was 119±2, 144±3 and 189±2 mmHg, respectively, at the end of experiment. NOS activity was increased in the aorta, left ventricle and kidney of both hypertensive groups, while it was decreased in the cerebellum comparing to the normotensive WKY. Apocynin (A) significantly decreased BP rise in both hypertensive groups (131±2 mmHg in BHR+A and 144±2 mmHg in SHR+A) and lowered CD concentration and expression of NF-kappa B in the tissues investigated. Despite it failed to influence NOS activity, it was able to increase cGMP concentration with more pronounced effect in SHR. Conclusion: Yet, apocynin without effecting NOS activity decreased concentration of reactive oxygen species leading to the increased concentration of cGMP with preventing effect on the blood pressure rise in both borderline and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Supported by VEGA 2/6148/26 and APVV-51-018004. P040- VASORELAXATION RESPONSES INDUCED BY RED WINE POLYPHENOLS: THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE Pechánová Oa, Zenebe Wa, Andriantsitohaina Rb. aInstitute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, bUniversité Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7034, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France. Email: [email protected] Introduction: It was hypothesized that the cardioprotective effect of natural polyphenols results from their ability to protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation, to prevent platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion, and to promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of vasorelaxant responses induced by red wine polyphenolic compounds (Provinols™). Method: Rings of rat femoral artery with or without functional endothelium were set up in a myograph for isometric recording and precontracted with phenylephrine (10-5 M). Results: Provinols™ in cumulative doses (10-9 to 10-3 mg/ml) elicited endothelium- and dose-dependent relaxation of the artery with maximal relaxation of 56% at the concentration of 10-5 mg/ml. The relaxant responses to Provinols™ correlated well with the increase of NO synthase activity in the vascular tissue after administration of cumulative doses of Provinols™ (10-9 to 10-3 mg/ml). NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 3x10-





92

4 M) significantly attenuated the endothelium-dependent relaxation produced by Provinols™. Administration of L-arginine (3x10-5 M) restored the relaxation inhibited by L-NAME. The relaxant responses of Provinols™ were abolished in the presence of Ca2+-entry blocker, verapamil (10-6 M). Administration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) abolished acetylcholine (10-5 M)-induced relaxation of the rat femoral artery, while administration of Provinols™ (10-5 mg/ml) together with H2O2 helped to maintain the acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Provinols™ only partially affected the concentration-response curve for the NO donor sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation in rings without endothelium. In conclusion, Provinols™ elicited endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat femoral artery by the Ca2+-induced increase of NO synthase activity and by protecting NO from degradation. Supported by VEGA 2/6148/26, 1/3429/06 and APVV-51-018004. P041- LYCOPENE PROTECTS AGAINST BURN-INDUCED OXIDATIVE SKIN INJURY IN RATS Şener G1, Tavşu F2, Çetinel Ş3, Yeğen BÇ2

Marmara University, 1School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and School of Medicine, Departments of 2Physiology and 3Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey. There is extensive evidence that oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of burn injury. In the present study, we investigated whether lycopene, the predominant carotenoid in tomatoes, is protective against burn-induced injury of the skin. Under brief ether anesthesia, shaved dorsum of the rats was exposed to 90º C (burn group) or 25º C (control group) water bath for 10 s. Burned rats were treated intraperitoneally with either saline or lycopene (Mikrogen Pharmaceuticals; 4 mg/kg/day) until they were decapitated at 24 h or 3 days after burn injury. In another group of burned rats, treatments have started 10 days before the burn injury and continued after the burn for 24 h or 3 days. Skin samples were examined microscopically and analyzed for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA; an index of lipid peroxidation) and glutathione (GSH; a key antioxidant) levels. Severe burn caused a significant increase in dermal MDA level and a decrease in skin GSH level at 24 h and 3 days after burn injury (p<0.01-0.001). On the other hand, lycopene treatment reversed thermal trauma-induced biochemical (p<0.05-0.01), as well as histopathological alterations, observed in both the early and later periods of burn injury. Findings of the present study suggest that lycopene may alleviate some of the deleterious effects of oxidative burn injury, and thus, it can be regarded as a new treatment modality in burn-related inflammatory processes. P042- ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF LIGMED-A ON HUMANE ERITHROCYTES in vitro García L1, Abajo C2, del Campo J2, Mitjans M2, Marrero E1 y Vinardell M P2

1Grupo Química-Farmacología, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, San José de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba, 2Dept. Fisiologia-División IV, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, España. Email: [email protected] Ligmed-A is prepared from sugarcane and is commercially available in as an anti-diarrhoeal drug. This compound, which is composed of about 90% lignin, an insoluble polyphenolic constituent of plants and a component of dietary fibre, has been manufactured in Cuba since the 1990s. It shows a similar efficacy to other drugs used to treat diarrhoea and is effective 2 or 4 days after administration. We investigated the antioxidant activity of an aqueous solution of Ligmed-A by studying its protective effect on the hemolysis induced by an initiator of radicals such as 2, 2’-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH ). The antioxidant capacity was expressed as the IC50 (concentration inducing 50% of inhibition of hemolysis induced by AAPH). Ligmed-A was very active as antioxidant with a IC50 of 106,63 µg/ml. This property of Ligmed-A increase its benefits on animal health.





93

P043- CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE Coussapoa asperifolia magnifolia (TRÉCUL) AKKERMANS & C.C. BERG (CECROPIACEAE) Y Brosimum parinarioides DUCKE (MORACEAE) Gonçalves RT, Lima RD, Abreu ACA, Jeffreys MF, Pereira Jr. OL, Nunez CV Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2976, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, 69060-001. Email: [email protected] Realizando un estudio sistemático de plantas de la flora amazónica, fueron colectadas las hojas y los frutos de Coussapoa asperifolia magnifolia (Trécul) Akkermans & C.C. Berg (Cecropiaceae) y las hojas de Brosimum parinarioides Ducke (Moraceae). Los materiales fueron secos en temperatura ambiente o liofilizados y extraídos con diclorometano, metanol y agua. Cada material fue extraído 3 veces con cada solvente y utilizando ultra-son por 20 minutos. Las análisis antioxidantes fueron hechas comparando el porcentaje de inhibición de los extractos frente a DPPH y ABTS, y comparadas con la inhibición del ácido ascórbico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los extractos de Coussapoa asperifolia magnifolia son extremamente activos cuando analizados por DPPH y ABTS (valores entre 63,07 y 98,74 %, para concentraciones de 35 µg/mL). Ya el extracto diclorometánico de las hojas de Brosimum parinarioides es poco activo (valores entre 9,15 y 14,58 %) mientras que el extracto metanólico es bastante más activo (valores entre 42,38 al 91,51%), siendo estos datos de los dos tipos de ensayos - DPPH y ABTS, con concentraciones de 35 µg/mL. Todos estos análisis fueron comparados con la capacidad de inhibición del ácido ascórbico que presentó valores del orden de 99 al 100% para las concentraciones de 5 µg/mL. Por estos resultados, percibimos el enorme potencial antioxidante de las plantas estudiadas, una vez que fueron los extractos brutos testados que presentaron porcentajes de inhibición comparables al del ácido ascórbico. Algunos de los extractos testados fueron analizados por RMN y los espectros de los extractos más activos presentan señales de sustancias aromáticas, posiblemente flavonóides. Hasta el momento no fue posible aislar las sustancias responsables por la actividad observada. Agradecimientos: FAPEAM, CNPq, MCT-PPBio, al técnico Ananias Soares da Silva P044- MECANISMO DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y ANTIATEROGÉNICA DE MONOTERPENOS AROMÁTICOS: CARVACROL, TIMOL Y DERIVADOS HEMISINTÉTICOS Montoya G1,2, Londoño J1,2, Osorio E1, Jaramillo C1, Yassin L3, Aarango G1*

1Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Química Farmacéutica. 2Grupo de Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina. 3Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina. Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. *E-mail: [email protected] Varios estudios sobre la actividad antioxidante de aceites esenciales han reportado que el orégano, rico en timol y carvacrol, tiene un considerable efecto antioxidante. Además del orégano (Origanum vulgare L.), en otras plantas (Saturejae hortensis L., Saturejae montana L., Saturejae spicigera, Saturejae odora L., Saturejae parvifolia L.) los isómeros timol (5-metil-2-isopropilfenol) y carvacrol (5-isopropil-2-metilfenol) son los principales componentes. En general en las plantas de la familia Lamniaceae, el timol se encuentra siempre acompañado de su isómero carvacrol, ambos compuestos son biológicamente activos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir a la elucidación del mecanismo mediante el cual los isómeros timol, carvacrol y algunos derivados hemisintéticos pueden inhibir la peroxidación lipídica, proteger la Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad (LDL) del daño oxidativo y modular la respuesta inmune. La actividad antioxidante de los isómeros timol, carvacrol y la de sus derivados hemisintéticos fue comparada con el antioxidante sintético BHT (Hidroxitolueno Butilado), el cual presenta una similitud estructural con los compuestos evaluados. Se midió el comportamiento cinético frente al radical libre DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), y la protección de la LDL frente a peroxidación lipídica fue estimada por la disminución en la producción de Especies Reactivas del Ácido Tiobarbiturico (TBARS) y los cambios en la movilidad electroforética de la Apolipoproteína B. Adicionalmente se determinó por citometría de flujo la captación de LDL oxidada en macrófagos (PMN de sangre periférica) tratados con los compuestos. La citotoxicidad fue evaluada por el micrométodo enzimático MTT.





94

P045- CONTROL OF BIODERIORATION USING A FRACTION ISOLATED FROM LEAFS OF Ricinus commmunis Linn de la Paz J1, Larionova M2, Maceira MA2, Borrego SF1, Echevarría E1 1Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba (ARNAC) CITMA. Compostela Nº 906, Esquina San Isidro, Habana Vieja, CP 10100, Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. 2Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar “Dr. Luís Díaz Soto”. Ave. Monumental y Carretera del Asilo. La Habana del Este. CP 11700. Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. Email: [email protected], [email protected] In archives, especially in those that are located in tropical weather, biodeterioration causes increasing damages every year to founds, which leads occasionally to the irreversible lost of documental heritage that is treasured in it. The different controlling methods are often chemicals, that have limitations due their costs and to the negative impact they can cause on the environment and on the substrate that receives it. In virtue of this situation, search of alternatives as the rational use of natural products that come from plants has been done. That is why the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of a isolated fraction from Ricinus communis Linn on isolated bacteria from indoor environments of archives as well as in the control of rodents. The evaluated fraction (FRC2A) was obtained using acetyl acetate extraction from an aqueous extract of leafs of R. communis. The raticide effect was determinate by the Media Lethal Dose (LD50) oral way in 70 hybrids B6D2F1 while the bactericide effect was evaluated by the growth inhibiting method by diffusion of the product on agar holes, using strains of Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus polimixa and Streptomyces sp for this essay. The calculated LD50 was 388.08 mg/kg and the concentrations that showed antimicrobial activity were 50 mg/mL. The obtained effects could be related with the presence of ricinine and different flavonoids in the evaluated fraction. P046- RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN IN THE CONTROL OF BIODETERIORATION Guiamet P1,3, Gómez de Saravia S1,4, Arenas P2,3, Battistoni P1,3 y Pérez ML2, de la Paz J5, Borrego S5

1Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET. C.C. 16, Suc.4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina. 2Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP. 3CONICET. 4CICBA. 5Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba (ARNAC), CITMA. Compostela 906, Esquina San Isidro. CP 10100, Habana Vieja, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected], [email protected]

It is known as biodeterioration the physical and chemicals alterations that occur on a surface as result of the biological activity that happens on it. Microorganisms communities related with biodeterioration can grow as biofilms that adhere to the surfaces of the substrates, this affects not only aesthetically but also causes an irreversible damage to the substrate due its degradation, and so it leads to economical lost of different magnitude. The treatments used to control the problems related with biodeterioration and biofouling in materials of heritage interest, are based on avoid or to minimize the formation of biofilms. The biocides used for this purpose are generally chemical products, that usually are toxic, lots of them are very difficult to degrade and persistent in the environment. There is an increasing interest to regulate the indiscriminate use of toxic chemical compounds. The natural products with biocide activity, obtained from vegetable species, are an alternative source, very use full in the control of biodeterioration, and they don’t cause a negative impact on the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of aqueous, acetonic and ethanolic extracts of Cichorium intybus, Allium sativum, Pinus caribea, Eucalipto citriodora and Piper auritum on different microoorganisms that are related with biodeterioration. The effectiveness values of the different concentrations of the used extracts were estimated by MIC (Minimum Inhibiting Concentration) and by inhibition of the microbial growth by diffusion of the product on agar holes. The results of the different obtained extracts are presented, analyzed and discussed as well as the potential values of this natural product in the control and prevention of biodeterioration.





95

P047- NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF PUBLIC HEALTH. BIOETICS ASPECTS Del Toro G, Trapero YM Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biofísica Médica, Universidad de Oriente; Patricio Lumumba s/n, 90500, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Emails: [email protected], [email protected] Until very recently, non-scientific medical practices, like Natural Traditional Medicine, had been rejected in the institutionalized systems of public health in contemporary societies. Science and Modern Technology advancement became intolerant with respect to the non-conventional knowledge. Medical Ethics associated to modern public health systems, demanded the observance of the scientific nature. However, lately, the tendency to incorporate those practices to health systems has been accentuated, which raises challenges for the medical ethics and the bioethics, incapable of being put off. A bibliographical study is presented that summarizes some of the stages in the incorporation of the natural traditional medicine to the daily medical practice, as well as bioethics aspects. The modernization of the public health negatively influenced the traditional medicine, although unquestionably it also promoted the study and use of therapeutic methods based on scientific knowledge and in the latest medical technologies. In Cuba, the marginalization of traditional medicines changed the national plan of investigations to validate species of medicinal plants and their uses emerged, as well as the development of herbal medicines. Doors have opened to traditional and non-conventional medicine. The bioethical approach of its incorporation to the modern public health system requires considering the beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. A traditional drug may report a benefit, but it could also cause short, medium or long term damage. The costs of the investigation and use of traditional drugs need to be considered as sometimes it is very expensive to find out and extract the plant’s active pharmacological principle. Stimulating the study and use of natural traditional medicine is fair since it extends the possibilities of treatment at a massive level. This would even demand an active and public participation in the health care, allowing a better articulation between the professional and popular culture. P048- EFFICACY OF GARLIC CAPSULES IN THE STABLE CHEST ANGINA Aguila M, Pérez I, Hernández A, Rodríguez A, Batista J, Acosta N

"Carlos J. Finlay" Medical University of Camagüey.Carretera Central Oeste s/n Apdo 144. Camagüey. Cuba E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] An open clinical trial phase II was carried out, with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of the capsules of garlic (Allium sativum) in the Angina of Stable Chest in the service of Cardiology of the Surgical Clinical Educational Provincial Hospital "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" of Camagüey from September 2004 to February 2005. The sample remained conformed by 20 patients, 14 of the male sex and 6 of the female one, that after offering their consent reported in writing and to comply the criteria of inclusion were treated with capsules of garlic of 500 mg each 8 hours during 2 months independently of the processing of base that received, being found the Arterial Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia as the most frequent associated illnesses. It was evaluated each 15 days the frequency of the pain, the apparition or not of adverse reactions and the arterial tension and a test was carried out ergometric before and after the processing. The 80% of the patients were maintained asymptomatic from the 30 days of the treatment and was observed in the ergometric evolutionary test a significant reduction of double product (p <0,001) and a significant increase p<0,05 of the average of w they reached, which express train an improvement in the functional capacity of the same. The arterial tension diminished to the 15 days not of significant form and yes to the 30 days (p<0,001) which was maintained until finalizing the study. All the data were processed by methods computerized and the results are shown in boards and graphic.





96

P049- CYTOTOXIC FLAVONOIDS FROM THE BARK OF Lonchocarpus haberi FROM MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA Vogler B, Cholewa L, Schmidt J, Setzer W Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville. Huntsville, Alabama 35899, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The crude acetone bark extract of Lonchocarpus haberi (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) showed in-vitro cytotoxic activity against Hep G2, PC-3, and Hs578T human tumor cell lines. Materials and Methods: The crude extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic–nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (LC-NMR) methods, which indicated it to be composed largely of flavonoids. The cytotoxic flavonoids were isolated by preparative HPLC and the structures determined by NMR techniques. Results: Four cytotoxic flavonoids were isolated and identified. Conclusions: A mixture of cytotoxic flavonoids account for the biological activity of L. haberi crude bark extract. P050- ESTUDIO DE FUENTES NATURALES COMO POTENCIALES ACLARADORES DE PIEL EN UN MODELO ENZIMÁTICO DE INHIBICIÓN DE TIROSINASA, CORRELACIÓN ENTRE LA ACTIVIDAD, EL CONTENIDO DE COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS Y LA CITOTOXICIDAD Muñoz K1, Sierra J1, Londoño J2, Arango G1, Arenas J1, Mira L1, Ochoa J1 1Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas –GISB- Corporación Académica para el Estudio y Control de Patologías Tropicales CAEPT, Facultad de Química Farmacéutica. 2Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Corporación Biogénesis. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. Email: [email protected] El problema del tono cutáneo irregular se relaciona desde el punto de vista bioquímico, con el proceso de pigmentación que está dado por la producción de melanina en el estrato basal de la epidermis. A este nivel se da el metabolismo y las reacciones bioquímicas necesarias para la síntesis a partir de oxidaciones catalizadas por el enzima tirosinasa, para producir los precursores de melanina in-vivo. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el potencial inhibidor de la síntesis de melanina de diversas fuentes naturales en un modelo enzimático in vitro, se correlacionó esta actividad con el contenido de polifenoles totales, compuestos que se relacionan con la actividad antitirosinásica y se midió la citotoxicidad de estas fuentes con el fin de ser usadas en estudios de formulaciones cosméticas de uso tópico. Con el objetivo de hacer un análisis comparativo en cuanto a la variación del contenido de polifenoles totales, de la actividad antitirosinásica y la citotoxicidad, se evaluaron tres metodologías diferentes de extracción en dos especies activas. La actividad antitirosinásica se determinó calculando las velocidades de reacción del sistema enzimático con y sin extractos, se utilizó tirosinasa de hongo (Sigma, 3400U/mg) con tirosina (Sigma, 98%) como sustrato. El contenido total de compuestos fenólicos se evaluó mediante el método de Folin-ciocalteau obteniendo los respectivos valores de GAE (equivalentes de ácido gálico) y la citotoxicidad fue medida usando el micrométodo enzimático del MTT en la línea de fibroblastos de ratón L929. Se pudo observar que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y el grado de toxicidad según el método de extracción, sin modificar sustancialmente la actividad sobre el enzima.





97

P051- BÚSQUEDA RACIONAL DE INHIBIDORES DE LA ENZIMA TRANSPORTADORA DE ESTERES DE COLESTERILO (CETP) COMO POTENCIALES ANTIATEROGÉNICOS QUE MODIFIQUEN EL PERFIL HDL/LDL Londoño J1,2, Arango G1, Ramírez R2 1Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Química Farmacéutica. 2Grupo de Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina. Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] La homeostasis del colesterol se mantiene gracias a una ruta específica multipasos (Transporte Reverso) cuya acción resulta en un movimiento neto de colesterol desde los tejidos periféricos, vía compartimiento plasmático, hacia el hígado para su eventual excreción. Entre los actores claves involucrados en esta vía se encuentra la CETP (Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein), la cual juega un rol fundamental en la transferencia de ésteres de colesterilo desde HDL hacía lipoproteínas pro-aterogénicas cómo VLDL, IDL y LDL, siendo evidente que la inhibición de la actividad de CETP es esencial para aumentar los niveles de HDL a expensas de reducir el contenido de ésteres de colesterilo en VLDL, IDL y LDL. Desafortunadamente la farmacoterapia disponible no logra aumentos considerables de HDL, siendo imperante la búsqueda de agentes mejor tolerados y con mayor actividad; indudablemente el despliegue de investigación en los últimos años ha demostrado que los inhibidores de la CETP son uno de ellos. Gracias al conocimiento reciente de la proteína se ha podido plantear la hipótesis de que un agente alquilante, específico para grupos sulfhidrilo, voluminoso, fuertemente hidrofóbico, e idealmente competitivo del sustrato natural podría ser un buen candidato para inhibirla. Basados en esta hipótesis se evaluó la capacidad de análogos estructurales del colesterol obtenidos de fuentes naturales, moléculas de uso comercial y derivados hemisintéticos con los requerimientos estructurales mencionados para inhibir la transferencia de un marcador fluorescente de lípidos neutros desde una partícula donadora (HDL) hacia otra receptora (LDL) mediado por una fuente de CETP (suero de conejo); un aumento en la intensidad de fluorescencia se tomó como evidencia de la actividad de la enzima, determinando el porcentaje de inhibición para cada compuesto y encontrando resultados promisorios en varios de ellos. P052- EFFECT OF (FZ) GLICOLIT ON KINETIC OF ABSORPTION OF LABELED 14C GLUCOSE IN WISTAR RATS Fleitas A1, Derivet Ml2, Simón M1, Rodríguez G3, Concepción Bl3 1National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (INACV). Calzada del Cerro 1551, esquina Domínguez, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. 2Cuban Institute of Sugar Investigations (ICINAZ). 3Institute of Materials and Reagents (INRE). UH. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic dysfunction whose incidence has gradually increasing in the world. The antihiperglicemiants are drugs that are used in the patient's metabolic control, it is important for our diabetic patients to obtain a drug that contributes to control the glucose levels in blood in the post-pandrial periods. Our working group is developing a derivative product of the natural zeolits (FZ) that have named Glicolit; in previous studies it has shown effects on the intestinal absorption of glucose, slowing the absorption and the increments in blood after the post-pandrial periods, this substance at the same time allows these patients to improve quality of life and to slow the complications characteristic of this illness. Objectives: To know the effectiveness of the drug, as well as to deepen in the mechanisms of action and the kinetics of absorption of the same one. Material and Method: 15 rats were studied, at 6 of them was administered a preparation of labeled glucose with 14C, in fast (group 1 control), and to the other 9 remaining they were administered a preparation that contained labeled glucose plus Glicolit (group 2). It was carried out blood withdrawals and radio-active counts in the plasma at different times: Results: it was observed differences in the areas under the absorption curves of the glucose between both groups of rats, the Glicolit showed its capacity as an antihyperglicemiant. Conclusions: The reached results allow us to continue working in the study of this possible drug. The results obtained by the radio isotopic method with labeled glucose with 14 C also corroborate the results of previous studies. References: 1. Spengler, M; ”Novedades en Diabetes: Los inhibidores de las alfa-glucosidasas 3er Simposio Internacional sobre Acarbosa. Munich, Marzo de 1991 pp 280- 284. 2. Thomas M.S. Wolever.”Assessing the Antihyperglycemic effect of Acarbose”. Diabetes Care, V 21,no 4 Abril 1998:667-668. 3. Fleitas A.S. Efecto del Glicolit sobre la absorción de glucosa marcada con C14 en





98

ratas Wistar. Rev. Cubana de Angilogía y Cirugía Vascular 2001 Vol1. 4. Fleitas A.S. Efecto de diferentes dosis de Glicolit en ratas Wistar. Rev. Cubana de Angilogia y Cirugia Vascular 2004; 5(1) P053- DEVELOPMENT OF A NATURAL SUBSTANCE AS AN ANTIHYPERGLICEMIANT DRUG FOR GLICEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS Fleitas AS National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (INACV). Calzada del Cerro 1551, esquina Domínguez, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The Diabetes mellitus can improve with a diet, insulin, or with an oral treatment with hypoglicemiants. However, this standard treatment that has been developed has not highly avoided the development of chronic complications. Consequently the standard treatment is evidently unsatisfactory. So we are looking for a new approach focused on the basic treatment of the diabetes that is the dietary treatment. Our working group has developed a natural substance, with a view to get a medication that helps to the metabolic control of the diabetic patients that possesses antihyperglicemiant properties, denominated FZ (Glicolit). Material and method: We have been carried out in in vitro, toxicological and pre-clinical studies using FZ (Glicolit). Results: It has been demonstrated that this substance possesses selective adsorptive properties for the glucose in the gastrointestinal tract, what allows controlling the levels of glucose in blood in laboratory animals glucose fed, sucrose and starch. This substance did not show in the studies carried out, acute toxicological effects and genotoxicity. Conclusions: The FZ contributes to the treatment of Diabetes for its antihyperglicemiant action and it can also improve the quality of life of these patients. References: References: 1. Spengler, M; ”Novedades en Diabetes: Los inhibidores de las alfa-glucosidasas 3er Simposio Internacional sobre Acarbosa. Munich, Marzo de 1991 pp 280- 284. 2. Thomas M.S. Wolever.”Assessing the Antihyperglycemic effect of Acarbose”. Diabetes Care, V 21, no 4 Abril 1998:667-668. 3. Fleitas A.S. Efecto del Glicolit sobre la absorción de glucosa marcada con C14 en ratas Wistar. Rev. Cubana de Angilogía y Cirugía Vascular 2001 Vol1. 4. Fleitas A.S. Efecto de diferentes dosis de Glicolit en ratas Wistar. Rev. Cubana de Angilogia y Cirugia Vascular 2004; 5(1) P054- EVALUATION OF THE HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF Balanites aegyptiaca ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS Badria FAa, Abou-Seif Mb, Osama Mb, and Ahmed AFa

aPharmacognosy Department, bBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516 Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] The aim was to investigate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of an aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats liver. The aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (500 mg/kg) and Gliclazide (100 mg/kg), were administered orally once a day for two weeks to STZ-induced diabetic rats. The effects of on serum blood glucose, hepatic glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid profiles were studied. The same parameters were assessed in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats, as well as normal rats treated with Balanites aegyptiaca extract. Treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with an aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of serum blood glucose p<0.001), hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, MDA, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol compared to the corresponding levels of the untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats. The effects produced by Balanites aegyptiaca extract were found to be comparable with that of gliclazide. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of the mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca possess hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities.





99

P055- EFECTO ANTIDIABETICO DE Cochlospermum vitifolium y Tournefortia hartwegiana: AGENTES ANTIHIPERGLICEMICOS VIA INHIBICION DE ALFA-GLUCOSIDASAS INTESTINALES Ortiz-Andrade RR1, Castillo-España P1, Sánchez-Salgado JC1, Villalobos-Molina R2, Ramírez-Ávila G3 y Estrada-Soto S1

1Facultad de Farmacia y Centro de Investigaciones en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. 2FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF. 3Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, IMSS, Xochitepec, Morelos, México. E-mail: [email protected] Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel (Cochlospermaceae) y Tournefortia hartwegiana Steudl (Boraginaceae) son dos especies utilizadas en la Medicina Tradicional del Estado de Morelos para el tratamiento de la diabetes, comúnmente son conocidas en el Estado como “Panicua” y “Tachichinole”, respectivamente. Los extractos metanólicos de C. vitifolium y T. hartwegiana mostraron un efecto hipoglucemiante significativo (p< 0.05) en modelos agudo y crónico utilizando ratas normoglucémicas, estos extractos indujeron una disminución de los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa de 30% y 40%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, se realizaron las curvas de tolerancia a la glucosa (CTG) utilizando diferentes sustratos como glucosa, sacarosa y maltosa. Las CTG de ambos extractos permitieron establecer que los mismos retardan la absorción de la glucosa entre una y dos horas aproximadamente (p<0.05). Finalmente, ambas especies inhiben significativamente la actividad enzimática de la α-glucosidasa intestinal (C. vitifolium IC50 = 1.9 mg/mL; T. hartwegiana IC50 =5.25 mg/mL). Este estudio permitió corroborar el efecto antidiabético atribuido en la Medicina Tradicional elucidando dos principales modos de acción: 1) un efecto hipoglucemiante y 2) un efecto antihiperglucémico vía inhibición de la enzima α-glucosidasa intestinal y por retraso de la absorción de carbohidratos. P056- ACTIVIDAD Y CONTENIDO DE COMPUESTOS HIPOGLUCEMIANTES DE DOS ESPECIES CONOCIDAS COMO “GUARUMBO”: Cecropia peltata Y Cecropia obtusifolia Erazo JC1, Aguilar L1, Aranda E2 y Nicasio P1

1Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina No. 1, Colonia Centro, 62790 Xochitepec Morelos, México. 2Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos, México. E-mail: [email protected] La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es la enfermedad metabólica más común en el mundo. Los fármacos existentes son utilizados en el control de la hiperglucemia; sin embargo, no suprimen las complicaciones asociadas a esta enfermedad, siendo necesario explorar nuevas medicinas antidiabéticas. Las plantas representan una excelente alternativa para el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos. Los árboles de Cecropia obtusifolia y C. peltata son popularmente conocidos en México como “guarumbo”, y las infusiones de sus hojas utilizadas tradicionalmente para tratar la DM2. El efecto hipoglucemiante de ambas Cecropias ha sido probado en murinos sanos, hiperglicemicos y diabetizados, así como en humanos diabéticos tipo 2, actividad que es atribuida a los compuestos fenólicos ácido clorogénico (AC) e isoorientina (ISO). El efecto hipoglucemiante producido por el extracto metanólico de hojas de C. peltata en ratones normales se determinó como el mejor y estuvo positivamente correlacionado con el contenido de AC. Por ello, los árboles de C. obtusifolia y C. peltata son una alternativa para el desarrollo de un fitofármaco estandarizado en sus principios activos para el tratamiento de la DM2. Con el interés de contar con un cultivo homogéneo para la formulación del medicamento hipoglucemiante, ambas especies han sido micropropagadas a través de las técnicas de cultivos de tejidos de vegetales y adaptadas en condiciones de invernadero. El mejor tratamiento para derivar plantas de Cecropia fue desarrollado en medio de cultivo de Murashige y Skoog complementado con las fitohormonas: bencilaminopurina (26.64 µM) combinada con ácido naftalenacético o ácido indolacético (0.57 µM). Los extractos metanólicos de hojas de las plantas redujeron los niveles de glucosa en sangre al ser administrados vía oral (1 y 0.5 g/ kg de peso) en ratones normales; este efecto fue correlacionado con el contenido –analizados por HPLC- de CA e ISO. El efecto hipoglucemiante y contenido de compuestos fenólicos mas altos, fueron registrados en las hojas de las plantas micropropagadas y silvestre de C. peltata. Nuestros resultados ofrecen un protocolo para la multiplicación y conservación de las propiedades curativas de dos plantas medicinales mexicanas importantes.





100

P057- PRESENCE OF SPASMOLYTIC CONSTITUENTS IN Gratiola officinalis Jabbar-Shah A, Usman IS, Hassan-Gilani A Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi-74800, Pakistan. Email: [email protected] Gratiola officinalis L. is traditionally used in a variety of disorders including gut spasm and diarrhea. Aim of this study was to provide pharmacological basis for some of its traditional uses. Rabbits were killed by cervical dislocation and jejunum was dissected out. Approximately 2 cm long segments of jejunum were incubated in normal Tyrod’s solutions at 37 oC, aerated with carbogen. Isotonic responses of the tissues were measured on Bioscience oscillograph. The crude extract of Gratiola officinalis (Go.Cr) caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions at 0.30-5.00 mg/mL, suggesting that Go.Cr mediate its antispasmodic effect through calcium channel blocking (CCB) activity. The CCB activity was further confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with Go.Cr (0.3-3.0 mg/mL) shifted the Ca++ dose-response curves to the right similar to that produced by verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. Activity-directed fractionation revealed that the spasmolytic activity was concentrated in the chloroform fraction while potency of the aqueous fraction was similar to that of the parent crude extract. These results suggest that the antispasmodic effect of Gratiola officinalis is mediated though CCB activity, which provides sound mechanistic basis for its traditional uses in some of the gastrointestinal disorders such as gut spasms and diarrhea. P058- PRECLINIC STUDIES OF THREE DIURETIC PLANTS OF TRADITIONAL USE IN CUBA Iglesias E, Herrera R, Ferrándiz D, León MC, Turiño J, Ramírez A Medical University “Carlos J. Finlay”, Carretera Central Oeste s/n Apdo: 144, CP 70100, Camagüey, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Although the herbal drugs have been used during centuries, alone a small quantity of plants has been investigated through scientific methods that validate its use for that reason the objective of this work is the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of flowing extracts of three diuretic medicinal plants of wide popular use: Xanthium strumarium L, Lepidium virginicum L and rough Archryrantes aspera. It was carried out in the Toxicology and Pharmacology Experimental Unit of Camagüey. The diuretic action was evaluated for each extract according to the method of Lipschitz. For evaluation of diuresis, 40 female line Wistar rats was used distributed aleatorily in 5 groups. The groups were the following ones: G 1 negative control, G 2, 3 and 4 extracts dose of 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg respectively and G 5 positive control. The used variables were: volumetric urinary excretion (VUE%) and excretion of electrolytes in urine. Toxicological evaluation was carried out according to the Sharp Toxicity Classes Method (CTA) starting from preset dose of 25, 200 and 2 000 mg/kg. The used variable was the variation of the corporal weight. In both studies it was carried out the variance analysis (ANOVA) of a classification road, followed by Tuckey multiple ranges test. The three researched extracts had an VUE % bigger that the negative control and in the case of the L. virginicum L. superior to the positive control. In all cases 400 mg/kg of weight dose was the biggest VUE %. The three plants caused significant excretion of electrolytes. The evaluation toxicological of the extracts threw that plows not toxic for to 2000 mg/kg of weight dose, significant decrease of corporal weight was not observed, neither signs nor symptoms that evidenced toxic effect existed. P059- DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED POPULARLY IN CUBA Boffill Ma, Lorenzo Ga, Monteagudo Ea, Sueiro Mb, Matos Jc

aExperimental Toxicology Unit. Medical College of Villa Clara, Acueduct St. And Circumvallation, C.P. 50200. bMedical Supplies Enterprise. Cuba St. e/ Nazareno and San Miguel. C.P.: 50100. cFlora and Fauna Enterprise. Los Caneyes Rd. C.P.:50300. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: diuretics are drugs capable of increase levels of urine, so they are useful in the treatment of diseases related with the retention of fluids. In Cuba it is attributed diuretic action to 179 vegetable species based on its





101

traditional use but only a few of them has been experimentally valuated. The objective of this investigation was to experimentally proof the diuretic action because of its traditional use attributed to: Bidens alba (romerillo), Carica papaya (fruta bomba), Rhoeo spathacea (SW) Stearn (cordován), Costus cylindricus Jack (caña de la India) and Capraria biflora (esclaviosa) and to evaluate the toxic potential at a single dose of those more pharmacologically effective. Materials and Methods: the extracts were submitted to phytochemical analysis; diuretic effect was carried out in SD rats (180 – 220 g BW) by measuring the urine volume every hour in the first 6 hours and later at 24 hours. Positive control was furosemide (20 mg/kg BW). The aqueous extracts were administered at 400 mg/kg BW and those who exerted similar diuretic effect to that of furosemide at doses of: 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg BW. Results: B. alba and C. cylindricus showed the best diuretic effects but with higher K+ and Na+ excretion compared to positive control ones. C. biflora extracts are not potent excretors of K+ which is an advantage over furosemide. It was proved that B. alba and C. cylindricus are non toxic after single dose administration. Conclusions: it was determined that all the extracts show diuretic effect outstandingly those of B. Alba and C. cylindricus which also are non toxic at all. P060- PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE DIURETICAL EFFECT OF Lepidium virginicum L Barreiro AV1, Jacas J2 1Laboratory of Antobodies and Experimentals Biomodels. LABEX.23 st and Carretera Caney. Vista Alegre.BOX 4032 PC.90400, Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. 2Laboratory of Antobodies and Experimentals Biomodels. LABEX.23 st and Carretera Caney. Vista Alegre.BOX 4032 PC.90400, Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: Considering the popular roots of using “mastuerzo” (Lepidium virginicum L) with diuretical purposes, a preclinical study was made to evaluate this effect. Materials and methods: Leaves of the plant were brought to powder by means of an electrical mill to prepare infusions of different concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20% w/v). For comparison and control, salty solutions and furosemide were used. Lepidium virginicum L. infusions were supplied to male Wistar rats by oral via to determine which concentration made the rats to release more diuretical volume. Chloride, sodium, potassium, albumin and Ph concentrations were determined as well as the cytology of the urine collected. Results: The most important diuretical effect was found with 20% concentration infusions in all determinations. (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours).Chloride, sodium and potassium concentrations as well as density values were higher when “mastuerzo” was used than in those treated with salty solution. No differences were found in the aspect or the colour of urine. Neither albumin nor cytological alterations were found in any of the experimental groups. Conclusions: The diuretical effect shown by the infusion of Lepidium virginicum L. was similar to that found by using furosemide, except in the excretion of sodium and potassium. This reinforces the pharmaceutical possibilities of the plant. P061- ACUTE TOXICITY AND DIURETIC EFFECT OF THE Commelina elegans H. B. K. (TUBE) Pérez I, Fields AM, Churches AND, Herrera R, Eagle M, García L "Carlos J. Finlay" Medical University of Camagüey.Carretera Central Oeste s/n Apdo 144. Camagüey. Cuba E-mail: [email protected] It was carried out a preclinical study in 50 rats of the line Wistar, with the objective of evaluating the possible diuretic effect and the oral acute toxicity of the decoction of the Commelina elegans H. B. K. For the diuretic action three doses was proven: 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of corporal weight. The results were compared with those obtained by the hydrochlorothiazide to the dose of 10 mg/kg of weight (reference diuretic) and with the standardized water (control). The volume of liquid administered for all the group was of 50 ml/kg of weight (it overloads hydric). The urinary excretion was measured until the sixth hour and it was determined to the final volume the concentration of sodium and potassium. The obtained results demonstrated the diuretic effect of the three used doses, accompanied by natriuresis and kaluresis. To determine the toxic effects the method of the Classes of Acute Toxicity it was used (CTA) and the decoction of the Commelina elegans H. B. K. was classified like not toxic (ATCo, or not classifiable), when not being





102

observed mortality neither toxic signs with the dose of 2000 mg/kg that is the dose limit according to the used norm. These results are shown in charts and graphics. P062- DIURETIC EFFECT OF Bryophyllum pinnatum LAM (SIEMPREVIVA) Pérez I, Olivera O, Reynaldo I, Batista J, Grinión LE, Pestano Y Carlos J. Finlay. Medical University of Camagüey. Central Highway West. Camagüey. Cuba. Email: [email protected] It was carried out a preclinical study in 50 rats of the line Winstar to demonstrate the diuretic effect of the decoction of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam, determining the eliminated urine volumes and concentrations of potassium and sodium at sixth later hours after administered of thy decoction and comparing the diuretic effect of plant with a positive and negative control. Were determined the physical-chemical parameters and the control of the quality of the plant and decoction. The model was constituted by 25 female rats and 25 rats males with a weight between 150 and 200 g, they were divided in 5 groups: Group 1 (negative Control with standardized water), Group 2, 3 and 4 (Decoction of the plant in three levels to dose of 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg) and the group 5 (positive Control with hydrochlothiazide). For the comparative evaluations of the diuretic action it was carried out a descriptive statistic and test of Hypothesis of mean by MICROSTAT program with the objective of determining the difference (p <0.05). The urinary excretion was measured at the 2, 4 and 6 hours, being determined its total volume, to which was determined the concentration of potassium and sodium. The conclusions of the study demonstrated the diuretic effect from the decoction to the used doses 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of corporal weight and the effect natriuretic and kaluretic. The decoction of the Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam was compared with a group negative control and with other positive group (reference diuretic), showing a diuretic effect quantitatively superior to the group negative control. The dose of 400 mg/Kg of weight showed a diuretic effect quantitatively superior at the second and quarter hour. These results are shown in graphics and charts. P063- THE VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY IN THE TEACHING OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY. A THREE YEARS’ EXPERIENCE León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, García-Rodríguez R Faculty of Health Sciences Dr. Faustino Pérez Hernández. Circunvalante Norte s/n. Olivos 3. Sancti Spíritus. PC 60 100. Cuba. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: The beginning of the 90´s whit the advent of the special period with the great economical limitations compelled the Cuban Government to look for strategies to supply the deficit of medications, such as: a) The generalized use of Traditional and Natural Medicine (TNM). B) The development of Pharmacoepidemiology achieving in this way a Rational Use of Medications (RUM). But to introduce these strategies it was necessary to qualify our health professional in both areas. Material and Methods: A descriptive-retrospective study was carried out with the general characteristics, results and satisfaction level of the 423 sstudents who made our 9 Distance-Learning Courses (DLC) of Phytotherapy (6) and Pharmacoepidemiology (3) taught by our staff since November 2002 to December 2005. Results: Several students from more than 5 curricula were certified, graduated, among them, 231 physicians, 100 nurses, 43 dentist and some other health professionals. Their final evaluation was classified as follows: 98.9 % passed with the highest marks (4 and 5). More than 90 % of the graduated population was satisfied with the four pedagogical surveyed items. The DLC provided many advantages compared with the Full -Time Courses (FTC) because the former had very few affectations to their health services and very low cost. Conclusions: Many health professionals from our province have been qualified with a predominant source of medical doctors and nurses who obtained good academic results confirming the effectiveness of the Virtual University and great satisfaction level in booths DLC. As can be seen it also had a paramount social and economical impact.





103

P064- LA FARMACOLOGÍA EN EL CONTEXTO DEL APRENDIZAJE DE LAS CIENCIAS BÁSICAS Y LA ORIENTACIÓN MOTIVACIONAL DEL ESTUDIANTE Contreras E, Castañeda S Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. P. O. Box 70297, México, D. F. 04510, México. Email: [email protected] La importancia de la Farmacología en el estudio de Medicina parece incuestionable; varios autores la identifican como la base racional de la terapéutica. Su enseñanza formal se establece en etapas diferentes. En el Plan de estudios de la Facultad de Medicina (PEFACMED) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) está en el segundo año. La Facultad atiende anualmente 1000 nuevos estudiantes. El objetivo del Programa de Farmacología enfatiza las bases racionales de la terapéutica con medicamentos. El propósito de este trabajo fue conocer la relación entre las ciencias médicas básicas establecidas en el PEFACMED y las estrategias de aprendizaje. La muestra estuvo constituida por 69 alumnos: 33 (48%) mujeres y 36 (52%) hombres. Se aplicó un examen de conocimientos previos de 35 reactivos: 12 de Bioquímica, 15 de Biología Celular y 8 de Biología del Desarrollo; se aplicó simultáneamente un cuestionario sobre estrategias de aprendizaje. Durante el curso se aplicaron tres exámenes de Farmacología. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas según la escuela de procedencia en el examen diagnóstico a su ingreso a la carrera y diferencias significativas en el examen de conocimientos previos al iniciar el curso de Farmacología y finalmente, diferencias no significativas en los exámenes de Farmacología. Se titularon 53 (76.8%) como médico cirujano en el término establecido. Consideramos que este estudio confirma la correlación entre ciencias afines con la Farmacología y que pareciera afirmar el carácter social de la educación, al encontrar diferencias significativas en el desempeño de los estudiantes sólo al inicio de sus estudios. P065- PROPERTIES OF THE Aloe IN THE RECURRENT STOMATITIS Aguila L, García G Policlínico Santo Domingo. Independence #201 Santo Domingo. Villa Clara. E-mail: [email protected] Recurrent stomatitis, also called oral soresis or simply "sores" it is an illness inflammatory chronicle characterized clinically by buds of soresis lesions in the oral mucous. It presents like unique or multiple lesions almost always small (smaller than 0, 5 cm.), not very deep, erosive, painful, of sudden presentation, initially necrotics and of character recurrent. The natural medicine or alternative has allowed introducing the use of medicinal plants for what we carry out this work with the objective of demonstrating the healing effect of the Aloe. Carry out a prospective study to 55 patients that went to the consultation of stomatology of Santo Domingo's policlinic during the understood period of January - December of 2005 that presented diagnostic of stomatitis recurrent. The treatment with aloe began in forms of the cataplasm s being administered in the lesion, as well as to take it in that same three times a day for period of seven days. To patients they are given a leaf of information that included different data about aloe. About the obtained results, we have that the feminine sex prevailed (58.18%). The age average was de15-39, prevailing the white race. The most frequent form in presentation was the smallest soresis. All the patients carried out the two treatments obtaining very good results in 92.72% of the patients the sintomatology disappeared. P066- PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF A STANDARDIZED EXTRACT OF THE Allium sativum L. TO 20% FOR ITS USE IN STOMATOLOGY Ferrándiz D, Padilla M, Iglesias E Superior Institute of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, Highway Central West s/n, CP 70100, Camagüey, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] In our country, the Ministry of Public Health as part of the politics of the World Health Organization stimulates the investigation works on medicinal plants. The norms of the medical specialties for the use of medicinal plants recommend the employment of the dye of garlic in the toothache. This is an annual grass, of Asian origin that presents bulbs denominated "heads" and it is probably the studied medicinal plant. This work was developed in the Provincial





104

Unit of Experimental Toxicology of Camagüey to carry out the study of Irritability in Oral Mucous to the standardized dye of Allium sativum L. to 20%, which was obtained by maceration. Total ashes, acid-insoluble and acid-hydrosoluble were determined. Hydroalcoholic extracts were studied (in ethanol 95 and 40%), acetic (2%) and watery, picking up you pH values, relative density, refraction index, total solids and qualitative chemical composition. It was carried out the macro and micro-morphologic study of the drug and data Cuban ethnologic was analyzed through reports phytochemical and toxicological drug of the international literature. For the irritability in mucous of male adults Syriams hamsters was used with a weight understood between 100 and 150 g. It was carried out a acute test during 24 h and another to repeated doses by 7 days being applied this dye in the gule bags of the animals. During the realization of the acute study in 24 h macroscopic alterations were not observed in the gule bags of the animals of the treated groups, It didn't seize for repeated exhibitions, where starting from the third day of treatment they were already begun to observe lesions in the mucous corresponding to erythema and moderate edema, ending up being severe starting from the fourth day, being observed serious dysfunctions in the mucous one that you/they go from cellular degeneration to severe necrosis, with epithelium loss and abundant inflammatory reaction. Therefore, this dye applied in acute form to the mucous one oral it demonstrated that it didn't affect the application place, that is to say, it is considered potentially not irritating, but the administration to repeated dose produced severe damages in the mucous one for what doesn't recommend its use to repeated dose. References: 1. The Burton Goldberg Group. (1993) Alternative Medicine. Washington: Future Medicine. 2. OMS. (1991) Pautas para la evaluación de medicamentos herbarios. Ginebra. (WHO-TRM/91. 4.) P067- OPINIONS OF PATIENTS FROM SANCTI SPIRITUS AND LA SIERPE MUNICIPALITIES ABOUT MEDICINAL HERBS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL DRUGS León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, Gonzalez-Valdivia G Dr Faustino Pérez Hernández Faculty of Health Sciences. Circunvalante Norte s/n. Olivos 3. Sancti Spíritus. PC 60 100. Cuba. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: In Cuba there is a rich popular tradition in the use of herbs for medicinal purposes, which dates back to several centuries ago, and which results from the combination of knowledge and practice of our ancestors from the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Africa. We consider that the population know and trust this valuable therapeutical resource. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed during the period from January to March of 2006, by surveying 45 patients from the North Health Area of Sancti Spiritus and the Urban Health area of La Sierpe municipalities, with the aim of assessing their knowledge, appeal, and use of medicinal herbs and derivatives as a therapeutical resource. The results obtained are expressed in tables. Results: Most of the patients surveyed are over 20 years, with predominance of primary and intermediate educational levels in Sancti Spiritus, and of the intermediate one in La Sierpe. The answers about many things related to medicinal herbs (therapeutical usefulness, knowledge, prescribed medical use, self-prescription, studies prior to therapeutical use, etc.) were predominantly positive in both municipalities. Most of the patients considered medicinal herbs as powerful as or more powerful than synthetic drugs. Conclusions: There are no differences between the answers of surveyed patients from both municipalities. Knowledge and use of medicinal herbs were not affected by either age or educational level, for patients report almost unanimously that they are useful in different diseases, which they have learned through different ways, and they generally use them from self-prescription. Nevertheless, most of them admit that they must be studied before their use is officially recommended, because most of them are powerful or more powerful than synthetic drugs.





105

P068- KNOWLEDGE AND OPINIONS OF DOCTORS FROM SANCTI SPIRITUS AND LA SIERPE MUNICIPALITY ABOUT PHYTOTHERAPY León-Espinosa O, Ruiz-Calabuch H, Ramos-Torres L, León-Espinosa I, Gonzalez-Valdivia G Dr Faustino Pérez Hernández Faculty of Health Sciences. Circunvalante Norte s/n. Olivos 3. Sancti Spíritus. PC 60 100. Cuba. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: There is a tendency to rescue Traditional and Natural Medicine (TNM) all over the world, Cuba advocates the combined use of TNM and Western medicine. We start from the consideration that doctors have a little academic formation in phytotherapy, which limits its adequate use. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed during the period from January to March of 2006 by surveying 54 doctors from the North and Urban Health Areas of Sancti Spiritus and La Sierpe municipalities, respectively, with the aim of assessing their knowledge, appeal and application of medicinal herbs. The results obtained are expressed in tables. Results: Among the surveyed doctors, there is a predominance of residents and specialists of General Integrated Medicine (GIM) who claim to trust the phytopharmacological agents and knowing them on a self-taught basis or from postgraduate courses, suggesting that those that are made in pharmacies are the choice, prescribing them convinced of their efficacy, and considering them as effective as synthetic medications. On inquiring about seven medicinal herbs of frequent use in our setting, 80 percent of the answers were right, but there were a 20 % of wrong answers. A high production and sale of phytopharmacological drugs was reported, but their medical prescription is low, mainly in Sancti Spiritus. These drugs are sold before their expiry date. Conclusions: In these professionals, there is a contrast between what they report and what they really know, because of the great number of mistakes detected. There is a contradiction between the high therapeutical value they claim to attribute to medicinal herbs and their low medical prescription. The results of Sancti Spiritus municipality are worse than those of La Sierpe`s. P069- USE OF THE HERBALIST TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE MUNICIPALITY JIMAGUAYU OF CAMAGUEY Ricardo Ma, Valls ARb aCompany of Pharmacy and Optics: Pharmacy 690. Carretera Santa Cruz del Sur km 10. Rescate de Sanguily. Jimaguayu. Camaguey. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] bMedical University " Carlos J. Finlay". Carretera Central Oeste s/n Apdo 144. Camaguey. Cuba. Email: [email protected] The perspective of the use of the medicinal plants, so much directly as the used ones in the preparation of new medicines, is increasingly more extensive and promising in the measure that its new possibilities of use know medicinal in agreement with the guidelines established by the Organization World cup of the Health. We carry out this study in the municipality Jimaguayu of the province Camaguey in the period of January - April of the present year to determine the frequency of utilization of the herbalist traditional medicine to work in function of the needs of the routine medical practice and to verify the validity of the popular assertions of the most employed through bibliographical references. The method of work was the application of surveys to 100 people where 90 % was of female sex and the major number (37 %) corresponding to the status of ages between 45 and 59 years. Of 474 emitted reports 120 species of plants were registered, being detected that the salvia and the oregano were the most reported with 27 and 25 uses, respectively. The most employed parts were the leaves with 277 and the oral way, the most utilized way of administration with 397 reports. 77 therapeutic properties were reported where the plants with anticatarrhal effects were the most used (150 reports) followed by them utilized against renal infections, anti-diarrheics and sedates (54, 35 and 29 reports respectively). Finally it was verified that the popular uses of the four most utilized plants correspond with the studies reported in the scientific literature whenever themselves they be not utilized of irrational form. The data registered are employed to encourage or to discourage the employment of some of the plants and for in the present to investigate in the search of new drugs.





106

P070- EVALUATION OF CONSUME OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE HEALTH AREA OF RENE VALLEJO CLINIC, BAYAMO CITY SINCE JANUARY TO MAY, 2006 Perez Valerino DRa, Espronceda Reyes Ab aResearch Vice-presidency, Finlay Institute, Havana, Cuba, P. O. Box 16017. bHealth Provincial Center (b) , Saco 252, between Capotico and Pio Rosado, Bayamo City, PO Box 85100, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Nowadays 80% of the world population use medicinal herbs (MH) as treatment against different diseases. Traditionally people prepare these medicinal herbs as infusions or decoctions, whether it is using as whole form or its parts. There are some risks that entail the use of solutions based in MH due to could have some toxic compounds that could induce several troubles, especially in pregnant women, where the woman and the foetus are both exposed. Pregnant could present unexpected abort, childbirth before 37 weeks, or child with congenital malformation as consequence of the not controlled consume of MH’s preparations. Material and methods: We realized a descriptive study with the following aim: to value consume of MH’s preparations in 150 pregnant women at the Obstetrics Consult in “Rene Vallejo Hospital”, Bayamo City since January to May of 2006. Data obtained were processed through survey and interviews. Results: Of the 150 patients, 56% consumed the MH’s preparations; 41% consumed MH’s preparations during the third quarter; 62% of pregnant consumed the MH’s preparations indicated by himself or with out medical prescription. Plants with high percent of consuming were mint (27), garlic (6), lime tree (18), ginger (4), anison (10), basil (15), and others (20). Conclusions: These results show that there’s no suitable culture in our population related with the well use of MH’s preparations during pregnancy. Because of these reasons we must work with high efficiency for developing this culture and then contribute with Cuban Infant Maternal Program. P071- MEDICINAL PLANTS USED AGAINST ANTI - PARASITE DISEASES. EVALUATION OF ITS USE IN A HEALTH AREA Espronceda Reyes Aa Perez Valerino DRb aHealth Provincial Center (b) , Saco 252, between Capotico and Pio Rosado, Bayamo City, PO Box 85100, Cuba. bResearch Vice-presidency, Finlay Institute, Havana, Cuba, P. O. Box 16017, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The Cuban scientific community has increased the research’s programs related with medicinal herbs with the aim of improving its use against diseases provoked by parasites. Bayamo City is a municipality characterized by a high consume of preparations based in medicinal herbs against this health situations. Material and methods: Taken into account this characteristic we decided to realize a bibliographic search about plants or herbs with anti parasite action reported in the literature and using as work tool a survey we actualized this revision with the reality of our municipality related with the consume of this preparations and its well use by people. Survey was confectioned with the following data: sex, age, if the patient has consumed medicinal plants as treatment, if the patient knows any secondary effect, which part of the plant was used, etc. Results: 550 patients were interviewed during six moths, all they residents of Bayamo City. 67% of the patients drank medicinal plants as anti parasite; more than the 60 % were woman. The predominant range of age was 55-70 years, and only a 15 % knew about an alternative with similar effect for the treatment. Conclusions: Verbena Cimarrona (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis), Piña ratón (Bromelia penguin), Apasote (Chenopodium ambrosioides), and Paraíso (Melia azedarach) were reported as the most popular. Besides, we proved that people had a general knowledge about these medicinal plants but they didn’t use correctly so, they could use indistinctly against any similar infection.





107

P072- ETHNOPHARMACOBOTANICAL STUDY OF A URBAN POPULATION AT THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE Pérez de Arce R1, Herrera C1, Coria Y1, Leal B1, Probst U1, Villena L1, Norambuena F1, León J1, Curaqueo R2, Meza I3, Barrera E3, Martínez JL2,4,5 1Estudiantes Liceo de Aplicación, Santiago, Chile; 2Profesor Liceo de Aplicación; 3Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; 4Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Ciencias Pecuarias, Universidad Iberoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología, Santiago, Chile; 5Correspondencia a Casilla 70036, Santiago 7, Chile. It is known since colonial ages that medicinal plants have been and and they will continue being source of health (1). The ethnobotanical studies of zones delimited of Chile are scarce in special in “Región Metropolitana” --Metropolitan Region of Santiago--, alone there is ethnobotanical study of areas large; is because of it that for some years start was given pharmacoethnobotanical study in delimited sectors of Metropolitan Region. In the year 2000 a study was realized in San Juan de Pirque, Province of Cordillera in Metropolitan Region (2). In this opportunity, the locality of María Pinto has been considered, in the province of Melipilla in the same Region but coast. The present study considers only the urban sector of said locality. It were made 8 visits in diverse zones selected at random where applied an ethnobotanical survey to the woman and it were obtained a total of 69 medicinal plants that were utilized to cure some illness and that cultivated in family orchard. Once they classified 53 unrepeated species were registered, among native and introduced species in the country. This reflects that the population continues utilizing medicinal plants to treat illnesses in its houses. Acknowledgements: This investigation was financed by Proyecto Club Explora EC 006/013 – 2006 (CONICYT – Chile) – 2006) and Fundación para la Innovación Agraria (FIA). References: 1. Zin, J. and Weiss, C. (1998). La salud por medio de las plantas medicinales. Ed. Don Bosco S.A., 7ª Edición, Santiago, Chile. 2. Calvo, C., Páez, I., Tamayo, F., Barraza, F., Yuen, Y-S., Lopehandía, M., Garrido, J., Raiman, M., Bonifaz, M.E., and Martínez, J.L. (2000). Estudio preliminar sobre calidad de vioda, automedicación, plantas medicinales y medio ambiente en sectores rurales de la zona de Pirque (Región Metropolitana). Libro de resúmenes del Primer Ecuentro de Estudiantes Científicos de la Región del Maule, 3 y 4 de Noviembre de 2000, Talca, Chile P073- USE AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS EMPLOYEES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE ACUTE DIARRHEIC ILLNESSES López Ma, Pérez Mb, Martin Ya, Marrero Rc aMunicipal Main Pharmacy #691, Fructuoso Rodríguez #114A, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53000, Cuba. bMunicipal Direction of Health, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53000, Cuba. cCelestino Hernández Hospital, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, PC 54830, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] In the treatment of the Acute Diarrheic Illnesses, the population's high percent uses the medicinal plants, for that the popularization and correct use of the same ones are of special interest. For it was carried out a prospective study in the area of health of the Manuel Piti Fajardo Policlinic with the objective of knowing which plant the population it uses for the treatment of these illnesses and how they use them. 35 patients were included with this diagnosis. The data for the analysis were obtained by means of the realization of an interview, of the entirety of patient, 28 (80%) they used medicinal plants and 11 only used correctly them for what one could affirm that they are insufficiently informed. The more used plants were “chamomile” Matricaria chamomilla (46.4%), “rice” Oryza sativa (39.3%), “guava” Psidium guajava (21.4%) and the “balm-gentle of mint” Mentha piperita (10.7%); being the leaves the part more employee and the form of more frequent preparation was the decoction. Keeping in mind the obtained results was made folding informative and a chat was imparted on the thematic one in question.





108

P074- MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PREGNANCY López Ma, Santos Mb aMunicipal Main Pharmacy #691, Fructuoso Rodríguez #114A, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53000, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected],cu . bMarta Abreu of Las Villas University, Camajuaní Road, Km 5½ Santa Clara, Villa Clara, PC 54830 Cuba, E-mail: [email protected] The use of vegetable preparations for pregnant women is very dangerous, mainly when the whole plants are used and not the isolated or purified components. The remedies with the help of plants can possess toxic components; able to induce diverse dysfunctions to those that it would not be only exposed the woman but also the fetus. Keeping in mind these arguments was carried out the present study in the area of health of the Santo Domingo Policlinic with the objective of valuing the consumption of medicinal plants in pregnant, as well as the knowledge on possible undesirable effects that it can appear after their administration. The data were obtained through surveys and they included time of gestation in the moment of the consumption, consumed plants and knowledge on the undesirable effects with the employment of the same ones. Of 57 pregnant included in the study, 21 (36.5%) they consumed decoctions of grasses. The time of pregnant of more consumption was the first three-month (57.1%), 16 pregnant women take the preparations without physicians indication and the used plants were: “tilo”, Justicia pectooralis (38%); “verbena”, Verbena officinalis (28.5%); “albahaca”, Ocimun basilicum (19%) and “sábila” Aloe barbadensis (4%); the “menta” Lippia alba; the “caisimón de anís” Piper auritum and the “oregano” Origanum vulgare were used in smaller measure. These plants possess active principles able to cause unexpected abortions, inhibition of the fetal growth and others problems. 100% of the pregnant ones ignore the consequences of the use of these preparations. To replace the opposing necessities of information they were designed folding informative and up-to-date information was given. P075- CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROFESSIONALS OF THE HEALTH AND THE POPULATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY LA LISA IN RELATION TO THE KNOWLEDGE THAT POSSESS ON MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PHYTOTHERAPY Ferrer Y, Miranda M, García V Pharmacy and Foods Institute. University of Havana Ave. 23 no. 24 125, between 214 and 222. La Coronela. La Lisa. Havana City. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] The return to use of natural products not only in therapeutics but also in the whole society has been affected due to the population and health professionals acknowledges about that topic. Present work made a characterization of the health professionals and population knowledge about medicinal plants and phytotherapics. In this study, were included all the pharmacists (10) and for doctors and population we took a representative sample of 96 doctors and 393 people. The analysis of evaluated parameters was fulfilled using percentual values and the chi – square statistical test. Professionals stated in high percents (98 and 80%) to know about medicinal plants however it was not in agreement with prescription, dispensation and information given population stated to know in 8o% about some medicinal plants. The most dispensed fitofarmacos aren’t in agreement with the most frequent pathologies in which they can be used. Most known and consumed medicinal plants according to people were Justice pectoralis Jacq, Aloe vera, Bidens pilosa L, Plecthranthus amboinicus and Matricaria recutita. The main affections noted to be treated with this kind of medicine were not totally in agreement with the chosen therapies. In sum, doctors trust on phytotherapy but its use is limited by unknowledge and because it is not always available. Population trust on medicinal plants and uses then usually. Although both professionals state that they’re orienting people about the use of natural products, this is not what population said.





109

P076- NATURAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. ACCEPTANCE ON PEDIATRIC PRACTICE Lacoste MJ, Rodríguez Téllez S, López del Rosario G Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente “Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña”. Dolores Betancourt S/N, La Caridad, 70300, Camagüey, Cuba Introduction: Cuba has excellent natural conditions, therefore there is a popular traditions using natural medicine. Material and Methods: A descriptive study of 50 physicians, which treat pediatric patients, was carried out at the Camagüey Pediatric Teaching Hospital. Variables such as: level of knowledge regarding natural medicine, level of acceptance by the population and most frequent diseases treated by natural therapy were included. Results: 65% of the questioned physicians were Pediatricians, 10% had poor knowledge concerning natural medicine. Gingivoestomatitis, respiratory diseases, and anxiety were the most frequent diseases treated by natural medicine. Conclusions: Natural and traditional medicine is an alternative therapy in the management of pediatric patients. P077- USE OF PHYTOMEDICINES AT ¨GUSTAVO MACHIN¨ HOSPITAL Griñan D, Saumell Y, Perdomo D, Ortiz L. Superior Institute of Medical Sciences of Santiago of Cuba. Avenue of the Américas between E and I streets, District Sueño, Postal code 90100 Santiago of Cuba, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The wealth of a country in herbal medicine only reaches its true value when a correct use of it occurs. Objective: To describe the consumption pattern and to determine the use of natural products produced in the Pharmacy of each of the health services in comparison with the availabilities in the "Gustavo Machin" Psychiatric Hospital during the months of January-June, 2004. Material and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was made. The universe was made of natural products consumed in the institution, which were produced by the Pharmaceutical Chemical Industry during the period of study. The data were obtained from consumption register at the hospital and all the orders received in the pharmacy for this concept and according to medical indications were checked during these months. Results: A total of 15 were processed. The ones more often prescribed in the semester were: Expectorant Syrup -37, Guava tincture (Psidium guajava) - 25, Aloe vera Cream (Aloe vera L)-22, Orange tincture (Citrus aurantium L) -16.These results can be justified by the morbility that appeared in that period of study, with the highest consumption of expectorant syrups due to the high incidence of catarrhal viruses and also because they are the most know. Conclusions: They are still few the indications of phytomedicines in the health services. According to the availability of these products in the pharmacy the ones more often prescribed were: expectorant syrup, Guava tincture, Aloe vera Cream and Orange tincture. That’s why we recommended increasing the use of these products, to increase the knowledge of their uses and applications and the creation of a Garden of herbal medicine in the Hospital for the self-supplying and the recovery of the psychiatric patient. P078- RATIONAL USE OF DIETETIC SUPPLEMENTS Saumell Ya, Lores Db, Griñan Da, Perdomo Da aHigher Institute of Medical Sciences of Santiago of Cuba. Las Americas Avenue, Sueño neighborhood, Santiago of Cuba 90100, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] bMunicipal Main Pharmacy of Santiago of Cuba. Street 5, Sueño neighborhood, Santiago of Cuba 90100, Cuba Introduction: There is a concern about the security of the dietetic supplements, exacerbated so that some users are not well informed about the adequate use of these products and frequently the sanitary professionals do not know that they consume them. In the last few years data on the risks and benefits of the vitaminic supplements have been published that are those that abounds more in the world. Objective: To know the use of dietetic supplements and the perception sanitary that patients and professionals have on their indications and effectiveness, as well as its information sources about these products. Methods: 300 questionnaires were distributed among users that went to the Municipal Main Pharmacy of Santiago of Cuba, and 16 among the sanitary professionals of the health areas assigned to that Pharmacy. The answers were collected to do a descriptive analysis. Results: 256 answers of the





110

patients were collected. The 75,4% of those had used dietetic supplements and in the 53.1% of these cases the doctor did not know that they used these products. 23.1% of them had at least 3 co-morbid situations. 11 dietetic supplements for 6 categories of health problems were used. The 3 most used products were vitaminic complex (n = 132), Viprol (n = 87), and PV 2 (n = 57). The patients adjudged an ample rank of indications to the dietetic supplements. The use of these products on the part of the patients is influenced fundamentally by the publicity (61,3%) and by recommendation of other people (39.2%). The 63,7% of the professionals affirmed to be using dietetic supplements; and 74% of them affirmed to have used them sometimes. Nevertheless no one had participated in formative programs about the use of dietetic supplements. Conclusions: This population uses an ample range of dietetic supplements. The perceived indications have little consistency. This can prevent to the clinical doctors to establish adequately, which is the rational use of a specific remedy for a determined group of co-morbid situations in an individual or in a population. In order to contribute to the rational use of this product, the sanitary professionals would have to worry to know the use dietetic supplements among their patients and look for evidence on risks and benefits of these products. P079- PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC PRESCRIPTION IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Melgarejo-López N, Álvarez-Bustamante G, Alonso-Abad A 20 of May Str. Between Patria and Amenidad, 457 No 11. Cerro, Postal code 10600, Ministery of Health, Havana, Cuba, E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] The Practical Guide for phytotherapeutic prescription in primary health care was drawn up and takes into account the need of ensuring an adequate prescription of phytopharmaceuticals at this level of care. It was prepared taking as a basis the existing relations between the experimentally-assessed pharmacological actions and the pharmaceutical forms of medicinal plants approved by MINSAP. This relation was set by using double entry tables and using the condensed system, which allows a rapid definition of the prescription and similarly, ways of administration, posology, contraindications and warnings. Additional data on medicinal plants and their active principles are given to the physician so that he/she can have comprehensive knowledge of the phytopharmaceuticals derived from those plants. P080- CLINICAL TRIALS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS Marrero-Miragaya MA National Center for Clinical Trials Coordination, Havana, Cuba. The editors of the New England Journal Medicine in the year 1998 declared: "it is time that the scientific community stops the free one to walk of the alternative medicine". (1) These positions took for some practitioners of the orthodox medicine, like touches of death for the Complementary Medicine and Alternative. (CAM, initials in English). Their positions were based in the few scientific publications of this field. The Cochrane Complementary Field, discovered that the index articles like alternative medicine only reached 0,4% of the striped total of articles for the MEDLINE for the period of 1966-1996 (2), possibility toasted to classify this medicine with anti-scientific and anecdotic. The increment in the use of the natural therapies and especially of the herbal medications it should take to that, so many those that indicate it, as those that elaborate it market, as well as the responsible ones in regulating their use, increase the demands, and this way to arrive to the consumers or patients completing three basic elements, effectiveness, security and quality. It makes necessary the application of the methodology of clinical rehearsal to guarantee the quality, security and effectiveness for this medication type. It is carried out an analysis of the why it becomes necessary to subject to clinical rehearsals the medicinal plant that at the present time are marketing without the regulatory demand necessary.





111

P081- PROPOSAL OF GUIDELINE FOR THE REALIZATION OF CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOLS WITH HERBAL DRUGS Pérez M, Cid M, Méndez R, Rodríguez M1, Arboláez M

Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Dr. “Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz”. Vicerrectorado de Investigaciones. Subcentro de Ensayos Clínicos, Carretera a Acueducto y Circunvalación. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, CP: 50200. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: In 1998 the editors of the New England Journal of Medicine declared: "it is time that the scientific community stops the free walking in alternative medicine". Those statements were based on the few scientific publications in this field. From that moment the practitioners and researchers in this type of medicine started to defend it by the publication of clinical investigations. Cuba has a lot of works in this field, however only a few get to the clinical phase of drug development. Our objective was to design a new guideline for clinical trials with herbal drugs and to show the updated regulations to start this investigation. Material and methods: For the guideline conformation a detailed bibliographic search about regulatory aspects in clinical trials in Cuba and the world was done. The guideline format proposed is: 1) Index, included to archive organization of the contents. 2) Summary, 3) fifty charters, related to the clinical trials. The guideline also proposes the inclusion of annexes. Results: A new guideline containing 15 chapters which allow the writing of the clear and detailed clinical trial protocol was done. The guideline contains the information required to guide the research staff who is interested in the validation of herbal drugs pharmacological activations from the perspective of clinical trials. Conclusions: It was a herbal drug clinical trial protocol which contains the updated methodology in this field and shows the documentation of the products. P082- GUIDE OF NATURAL MEDICATIONS FOR THE FAMILY ´S USE Cedeño E, Sierra L Medical University of Santiago de Cuba. Email: [email protected] The Cuban National Health System has prioritized the development of the production of natural medications which are sold in pharmacies of Santiago de Cuba. More than 50 medications obtained from herbs are sold for frequent use in different affections of therapeutical management in primary attention. The use of natural medications is spread more in the population each day, while their benefits are known and above all, the minimum amount of side effects they casse. The aim of this work is to provide people of the community with a guide of natural medications. Besides, the guide also approaches the uses and effects of these medications as well as their ways of application and/ or administration and possible side effects. This guide was elaborated from the available bibliographic references and the autors´ experience. A series of 67 medical plants with the following information: common name, scientific name, main medial uses, biological effects, indications, uses and side effect. Some of them are: Manzanilla, Ginger, Aloe, Rosemary, Eucalyptus, Mango, Mastuerzo, Curcuma, Corn, Mint, Marjoram, Banana, Caña Santa, Anizon, Passiflora, Marigold, and others. This information is available on pharmacies located in the fourth District of Santiago de Cuba. P083- EFFECTS OF Solanum melongena AND Plantago major EXTRACTS ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES González Y, Boffill MA, Bermúdez D, Castillo O, Iglesias N. Experimental Toxicology Unit. Medical Collage of Villa Clara. Dr. “Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz”. Road to Aqueduct and Circumvallation. PC: 50200. Santa Clara. Villa Clara. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: An optimal biological model for the study of the activity on biological membranes is the employment of the erythrocyte. In our work we evaluate across the test of red cells the activity photohemolytic of two medicinal plants: Solanum melongena and Plantago major. Materials and Methods: Red cells were used from heparin human blood of healthy donors and the extracts hydroalcoholics of the plants of study were elaborated in the Medicinal Plants Laboratory´s of Villa Clara. The evaluation of the photohemolisys carried out according to protocol 81 of the INVITOX to determine the percent of hemolysis in every case. Concentrations of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 mg/mL of Solanum





112

melongena and 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 mg/mL for Plantago major were evaluated. Results: In case of the Solanum melongena 7,5 mg/mL was obtained as fifty hemolytic concentration (HC50) for the irradiated samples and 8.1 mg/mL for the unirradiated samples, for the Plantago major it was estimated that HC50 for both the irradiated and the unirradiated samples is higher than 1.4 m/ml. A relation HC50 UIS (unirradiated samples)/HC50 IS (irradiated samples) was obtained minor to 3 units in both cases. Conclusions: Both evaluated extracts are not photohemolytic. The Solanum melongena and Plantago major extracts proved to be HC50 raised in comparison with the positive pattern chlorpromazine. The Solanum melongena showed lower hemolytic effect than the Plantago major. P084- EFFECT OF CHAIN LENGTH AND ALDEHYDIC FUNCTION ON SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PARROPOLYENES Tagliazucchi D,1 Verzelloni E,2 Ghelardoni S,2 Pini E,3 Maltinti S,2 Ronca G,2 Conte A1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. 2Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56100 Pisa, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel. +39-0522-522022. Fax +39-0522-522027 3Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Parropolyenes, also called parroenes, parrodienes and psittacofulvines, are aldehydes of an unsaturated chains ranging from 8 to 18 carbon atoms. These compounds, isolated from the plumage of parrots, were synthesized in the laboratory. Parropolyenes have antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. We investigated the effect of chain length and the role of aldehydic function of some parropolyenes by comparing their biological activities with those of their corresponding alcohols. Trans, trans-∆2,4-hexadienal at a concentration of 100 µM significantly inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y, HL60 and HPBALL cells after 72 h of incubation. All-trans- ∆2,4,6-octatrienal and all-trans-∆2,4,6,8,10-dodecapentaenal were more effective since significant inhibition of growth was observed at 10 µM. The corresponding alcohols were less effective. All the above-mentioned compounds protected 2-deoxyribose from degradation by ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide [1]. The protection increased with increasing chain length. No significant difference was observed between aldehydes and alcohols. Parropolyenes increased the rate of lysis of erythrocyte membrane in a lactoperoxidase-potassium iodide-hydrogen peroxide assay [2]. The cytolytic effect increased with chain length without difference between aldehydes and alcohols. β-Amyloid peptide 25-35 aggregates determine erythrocyte lysis by formation of pores in membrane [3]. At micromolar concentrations, parropolyenes inhibited lysis. These compounds may interact with the erythrocyte membrane and with β-amyloid peptide 25-35, decreasing pore formation. Increased chain length increased the inhibitory effect. In all assays the effects were concentration dependent. To conclude, in all assays the increasing of chain length significantly increases the activity while the aldehydic function only contributes to cell growth inhibition. The shown properties suggest further investigations for the pharmacological use of some of these compounds. References: 1. Halliwell B. et al. Methods Biochem. Anal. 33, 59, 1988. 2. Mc Faul S.J., Everse J. Methods Enzymol. 132, 491, 1986. 3. Mattson M.P. et al. Brain Res. 771, 147, 1997. P085- CLINICAL TRIAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS TROFIN/BIOTROFER FOR THE TREATEMENT OF ANEMIA IN CANCER PATIENTS Aznar GEa, González HRa, Catalá Mb, Barroso Eb, González Mc, Díaz BYc aCentro Nacional de Biopreparados, BioCen. Apartado 6048 Habana 6. bCIMEQ. Centro de investigaciones Médico Quirúrgica. Ciudad de la Habana. Cuba. Y Hospital Iván Portuondo San Antonio de los Baños. Habana.Cuba. cLab. Reconstituyente Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, BioCen, La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: Cancer diseases have the high mortality in the word. In Cuba is also important problem. The physiological nutritional requirement in cancer patients is very important, because in these patients there are the negative influences on hematological and immunological function. Most the studies on the association between nutrient and cancer showed that cancer patients with chemical and radio therapy treatment need nutritional supplementation, because this therapy decreased some hematological and immunological response. In Cancer patients the hemoglobin decreased during and after with chemical and radio therapy. The objective is the study was a





113

evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of Trofin solutions in cancer patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Materials and methods: Studies were performed with 90 cancer patients. Clinical trial protocols follow the principles for Good Clinical Practices. The patients were distributed in 2 groups with Trofin and Control. Hematological indicator was studied before and after the treatment administrations. Results: The efficacy was 93.35 %; These patients increasing the hemoglobin’s to 110 g/L, with significatively difference with control patients .In the control group only the 7, 14 % Increasing the Hemoglobin. The Comparative Clinical Trials between Trofin and control ( enough Trofin ) showed the following advantages of this Trofin in these one none adverse reaction These results showed that natural iron has high solubility and absorption. An increase in serum leukocytes and plattelets was demonstrated. These results demonstrate Trofin can improve the function of cellular immunity. The comparative between Trofin and control showed in these patients immunoestimulations reaction, these result is an advantages of this Trofin in these one none adverse reaction these results showed that natural iron has high solubility and absorption. Conclusions: The Trofin can be used for preventive and therapeutically antianemic effects in cancer patients; its use them before and during the chime an radiotherapy treatment for maintain the normal value hemoglobin. P086- IRON ABSORTION AND EFFICACY THE ANTIANEMICS IRON HEM TROFIN/BIOTROFER AND DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS González HR, Aznar GE Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, BioCen. Apartado 6048 Habana 6, La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: Report from the WHO estimates that 46% of the world’s 5- to 14-year-old children are anemic; 48% of the world’s pregnant women are anemic due to iron deficiency The iron absorption is carefully regulated for maintain an equilibrium between absorption and body iron. There are two abortions way: Ferric iron is absorbed via integrin and mobilferrin pathways. Ferrous iron uptake is facilitating by DMT-1. Other factors are the amino acids and peptides present in the formula. Inter-organ transport and uptake of nonheme iron is largely performed by the complex transferring-transferring receptor system. Moreover, the discovery of cytoplasmic iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) has provided a molecular framework from which we understand the coordination of cellular iron homeostasis. The low absorption and biodisponibility with iron salts is the cause of several adverse reactions. Mechanisms and iron sources for news products with high absorption and tolerability. Materials and Methods: The new product of the natural iron (hem) was obtained (Trofin/Biotrofer), with composition about minerals (natural iron) proteins, peptides, and bee honey. Clinical trials were studied and hemoglobin and serum iron were measured during studies. Results: Trofin/Biotrofer contains natural iron hem in a medium composed of proteins and amino acids. These elements make it highly solubility that influence iron absorption. Acute Toxicity, Repeat Dose trials with rats and mice were done. The toxicological and repeat dose trials showed a homogeneous dose-response pattern with a high level of safety. Trofin and Neotrofin provides great clinical-hematological improvements (>90%) in a period of time which is shorter than that given by other anemia drugs (30-60 days). The clinical trial showed hemoglobin and iron serum concentration was significantly higher after the treatment. Similar result was obtained with tablet formulations. Conclusions: Iron-containing proteins and amino acids have essential roles in the iron absorption and make high solubility, absorption, biodisponibility, efficacy and tolerance. P087- HEMATOPOIETIC ACTIVITY OF Smilax aristolochiaefolia in vitro AND in vivo Velasco R, González C, Tapia R, Román R Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa. México, D. F. 09340. Email: [email protected] In Mexican traditional medical practice, Smilax aristolochiaefolia (Liliaceae), is empirically used against tumors, leprosy, anemia and as a tonic. Although this plant is used as antiamenic, there is not scientific information about its hematopoietic properties. Then, we prepared water, methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts from pulverized roots by heating for 3 hours at reflux temperature. 0.1 ml of dilutions of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/mL were added to cultures of bone marrow and spleen cells (only 0.4, 0.2 g/mL) of CD1 strain male mice aged 8 to 12 weeks. Cell cultures were incubated at 37°C for 72 hours, and cells were counted using an hemocytometer. Aqueous and methanolic extracts





114

were administered orally at a single daily dosage of 0.8, 0.4 0.2 and 0.1 g/mL to groups of 10 mice. A control group received saline solution only. Forty eight hours after the last dose was administered, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and nucleated bone marrow cells (femoral) were counted. Doses of 0.4 y 0.2 g/mL of aqueous extract increased 2 y 1.4 times the cell concentration on bone marrow cultures, respectively, while methanol extract stimulated the cell proliferation at the four doses tested as compared with control cultures (p<0.01). On the other hand, chloroform and hexane extract did not stimulate the cell proliferation. Water and methanol extracts at doses of 0.4 and 0.2 g/mL increased 3 and 1.9 times and 5.7 y 5 times, respectively cell concentration in spleen cells cultures. On the other hand, aqueous extract at dose of 0.8 increased the concentration of erythrocytes in vivo and significative increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit values (p<0.01) at doses tested. Methanol extract increased erythrocytes at all doses (p<0.001). No effect was observed on leucocytes and platelet concentration. Water and methanol extracts were hematopoietic in vitro, but only methanol extract was erythropoietic. P088- Ginkgo biloba SAFETY ISSUE: COAGULATION Gori La, Firenzuoli Fa, Lombardo Gb aCentre of Natural Medicine, S.Giuseppe Hospital. Via Paladini 1, 50053 Az USL 11. Empoli, Italy. bDepartment of Internal Medicine. Az USL 11. Empoli, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Ginkgo biloba is one of the most used medicinal plants in the world and there are some concerns about its safety about for potential anticoagulant and anti-aggregant activity. In our department we tested in 16 patients, mean age 42 y.o. (range 25-72 y.o) not suffering of hematological pathologies or supposed diseases that could alter coagulation parameters, potential anti-aggregant and anticoagulant activity of a Ginkgo biloba standardized extract at the dose of 240 mg daily. In these patients that were not assuming other drugs neither herbal extracts was tested blood coagulation (PT,PTT, red cells and platelets count, INR and platelets aggregability) before and 1 month after assumption of Ginkgo biloba. In one patient there were spontaneous alterations of coagulation and so was excluded from the study and referred to a hematologist. In all other 15 patients there was not any modification of coagulation and platelet aggregability parameters. We conclude that Ginkgo biloba extract probably cannot be considered a medicinal plant modifying platelet aggregability and blood coagulating activities in healthy patients. Nevertheless if it has to be administered for long time patients should undergo a complete coagulative blood test before starting the treatment to exclude undiagnosed coagulating disorders. P089- EFFECT OF ROOIBOS TEA ON LIVER DAMAGE INDUCED BY EXPERIMENTAL TOXIC INJURY Janega P1,4, Líšková S2,4, Uličná O3, Vančová O3, Greksák M5, Babál P1, Pechánová O4 1Department of Pathology, 2Department of Pharmacology, 3Pharmacobiochem. Lab. of III. Department of Internal medicine, School of Medicine Comenius University, 4Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 5Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, SR, [email protected] Introduction: Rooibos tea containing wide range of polyphenolic compounds has been documented to exert potent antioxidant activity. Material and Methods: This study evaluates the effect of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea on liver damage induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) experimental intoxication. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: a control group, a group receiving CCl4 for 6 weeks, a group with free access to Rooibos tea instead of water supply in the recovery period after 6 weeks of toxicity induction (regression group) and a group that received Rooibos tea during the toxicity induction (preventive group). The animals were killed after 0, 21 and 42 days following the toxicity induction period. Results: CCl4 administration led to liver fibrosis and steatosis and an increase of laboratory parameters typical for liver damage. Parallel tea administration in the preventive group significantly reduced the fibrosis with a complementary steatosis increase. The decrease of free radicals formation was documented by malondialdehyde evaluation in the liver tissue. No differences of the decreasing fibrosis levels between the groups with and without Rooibos tea treatment after 21 and 42 days of recovery was observed. The fibrosis level did not decrease significantly during the regression period in the groups without the tea administration. NO synthase activity in the liver was increases by Rooibos administration. Conclusion: It is likely that Rooibos tea compounds can participate on reduction of the liver damage when given during the intoxication period. The antioxidant activity stimulation of NO





115

synthase activity can explain these effects. One has to recognize that the free radicals may play a not negligible role in the organism as an important factor of tissue recovery after toxic injury. This can explain the extended healing period when Rooibos tea was administrated during the recovery period. Supported by VEGA 1/1171/04, 2/6148/26, APVV-20-025204. P090- HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN BILIARY-OBSTRUCTED RATS IS PREVENTED BY GRAPE SEED EXTRACT TREATMENT Ozel Y1, Dulundu E1, Topalaoglu U1, Toklu H2, Gedik N3, Ercan F4, Şener G2 1Haydarpaşa Numune Hospital, Department of 4th Surgery, 2Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, 3Kasımpasa Military Hospital, Division of Biochemistry; 4Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology-Embriology, Istanbul/Turkey The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of chronic administration of Grape seed extract (GSE) on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar albino rats by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL). GSE (50 mg/kg) or saline was administered for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed by decapitation. Serum total biluribin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), TNF-α, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined to assess liver functions and tissue damage respectively. Liver tissues were taken for determination of the free radicals, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an end product of lipid peroxidation; glutathione (GSH) levels, a key antioxidant; and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as an indirect index of neutrophil infiltration. Hepatic collagen content, as a fibrosis marker was also determined. Serum AST, ALT, LDH and TNF-α levels were elevated in the BDL group as compared to control group, while this increase was significantly decreased by GSE treatment. Hepatic GSH levels, significantly depressed by BDL, were elevated back to control levels in GS -treated BDL group. Increases in tissue MDA levels and MPO activity due to BDL were reduced back to control levels by GS treatment. Similarly, increased hepatic collagen content in the BDL rats was reduced to the level of the control group with GS treatment. Since GSE administration alleviated the BDL-induced oxidative injury of the liver and improved the hepatic structure and function, it seems likely that GSE with its antioxidant and antifibrotic properties may be of potential therapeutic value in protecting the liver fibrosis and oxidative injury due to biliary obstruction. P091- EFECTO DE LOS ALCALOIDES DE Heimia salicifolia (H.B.K.) LINK SOBRE LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL Guzmán. E A, Segura D, Vázquez B Laboratorio Farmacología, UIICSE FES-Iztacala. UNAM. México CP. 54090. Email: [email protected] Estudios preliminares del extracto acuoso de Heimia salicifolia (Fam. Lythraceae) mostraron hipotensión en la rata anestesiada. Objetivo: estudiar el efecto antihipertensivo de los alcaloides aislados de las hojas de Heimia salicifolia. Métodos: mediante cromatografía en columna y en placa fina se aislaron 4 alcaloides (AL), los cuales se sometieron a pruebas de coloración específica dando positivo para alcaloides tipo quinolizidina, cuyo Rf fue: AL-1 0.92, AL-2 0.87, AL-3 0.55 y AL-4 0.35. Se utilizaron ratas Wistar macho (250 -300 g), anestesiadas con pentobarbital (45 mg/kg), se registro la presión arterial (PA) de la arteria carótida, se administraron en la vena femoral los AL y/o angiotensina II (AngII). Se realizaron curvas dosis respuesta a los AL observándose disminución de la PA con la mezcla y con AL-1, AL-2 y AL-3 dependiente de la dosis. La curva dosis respuesta a AngII (25-125 ng/kg) en presencia de la mezcla de los AL (MA) y de cada uno de ellos (dosis 2 mg/kg), fue desplazada hacía la derecha. AL-2 y AL-3 disminuyeron la respuesta máxima a AngII en 32 y 59.6% respectivamente. Los estudios de reactividad vascular se realizaron en el riñón aislado perfundido con solución Krebs, precontraidos con fenilefrina 10–3 M y/o L-NAME 10–4 M respectivamente. Se realizaron curvas dosis respuesta a acetil colina y a AL-3 (30, 50, 70, 90, 120 y 150 µg) observándose disminución de la PP de manera similar a lo observada con acetil colina, al incubar el riñón con atropina la relajación se bloqueo Conclusión, el efecto antihipertensor de Heimia salicifolia se debe a la presencia de los AL tipo quinolizidina, posiblemente por liberación de óxido nítrico.





116

P092- ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO DEL EXTRACTO METANÓLICO DE Strothanthus venetus EN EL SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR DE LA RATA ANESTESIADA Lorenzana-Jiménez M1, García X2, Gijón E2 y Magos Guerrero G A1 1Departamento de Farmacología y 2Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Email: [email protected] La hipertensión arterial se encuentra entre las 10 primeras causas de muerte en el mundo, por lo que es importante el desarrollo de nuevos hipotensores. Estudios del extracto metanólico de la planta Struthanthus venetus (Sv), conocida popularmente como “injerto” (Voucher 33393, Herbario Nacional de México, Instituto de Biología, UNAM), muestran efectos hipotensores y cardiotóxicos en la rata anestesiada. En anillos sin endotelio obtenidos de la aorta de cobayo y precontraídos con norepinefrina, el mismo extracto produce efecto vasorelajante. Con el propósito de conocer el mecanismo de estas acciones y aislar la o las sustancias responsables, se realizó el fraccionamiento del extracto metánolico de las hojas de Sv. La utilización de cromatografía en columna con soporte de sílica gel y una mezcla de metanol, acetato de etilo y acetona como eluentes, permitió la obtención de varias fracciones, las cuales fueron ensayadas en el modelo de presión arterial directa de rata anestesiada. El estudio químico-analítico de las fracciones, a través de cromatografía en placa fina, mostró una zona responsable de la actividad hipotensora que es dosis dependiente y del efecto cardiotóxico manifestado por alargamiento del intervalo P-R y aplanamiento de la onda T del electrocardiograma de la rata. Estos resultados sugieren que el efecto se debe a compuestos solubles en agua, los cuales pueden separarse por cromatografía de fase normal. El mecanismo responsable del efecto hipotensor, está relacionado con actividad beta adrenérgica, como previamente lo informamos con el extracto metanólico completo de las hojas. La elucidación estructural de los compuestos activos se encuentra bajo estudio. P093- USE OF HOMEOPATHY IN PATIENT WITH STOMATOLOGIC AFFECTIONS Aguila L, García G Santo Domingo Policlinic. Independence #201 Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] The Homeopathy, medicine of the similar one, is a therapeutic medicaments, not pharmacological, reactional, non actional and a distinctive characteristic in its extreme individualization in the procedure of selection of the remedy to use in the sick person and it is usually of great specificity (1). The stomatology is not free of its application, in this field it has been used with satisfactory results in different affections of the buccal cavity and among them the urgencies, standing out the alveolitis, more frequent complication in the process of cure of the wounds for extraction would jag, constituting one of the urgencies more painful stomatologics that face the stomatologist in its daily practice. The present works consist on the treatment of 75 patient alveolitis payees that went to the stomatology service of Santo Domingo policlinic. To all the patients were carried out a meticulous exam of the buccal cavity to which were indicated homeopathy medications according to the type of alveolitis. The patients included in the study took previous informed consent, payees of the illness in ages of 15 to 70 years of both sexes without treatment medicament. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the homeopathy in the treatment of the alveolitis being observed that the pain diminishes or it disappears in the 24 or 48 hours of being appied the medications, the alveolus epitelization begins in a short time. It demonstrates that the therapy homeopathy is effective in the treatment of the alveolitis whenever the used medications are it more similar to the symptoms that the patients present.





117

P094- PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS ON HOMEOPATHIC CLINICAL PRACTICE Perdomo Delgado Ja, González Pla Eb and Perdomo Alvarez N.c aDirección Provincial de Salud, Sta. Teresa 7905, CP: 40100, Matanzas, Cuba. bHospital “Mario Muñoz”, 154 final, Reparto Reynold García, CP 40100, Matanzas, Cuba. cCentro Provincial de Medicina Tradicional y Natural “Dr. Mario Dihigo”, Navia esquina Isabel Primera, Versalles, CP: 40100, Matanzas, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Homeopathy and Phytotherapy are two major therapeutics classified as Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Although various considerations, they can be combined when necessary to treat certain conditions. Material and methods: A total of 38 Clinical Histories from patients treated combining Homeopathy and Phytotherapy were reviewed to evaluate the characteristics and conditions determining the therapeutic associations. Results: Phytopharmaceuticals were used to improve various health conditions even when it is more common that patients receive classical homeopathic single-remedy treatment. The most frequent clinical diagnosis involving combined treatment were various dermatological infections and other skin diseases (20 patients), peripheral venous insufficiency (5 patients), and less frequently other diagnosis including high blood pressure, chronic gastroduodenitis, hyperlipemia, recurrent aphthous disease and allergic rhinitis. Except on patients consulting due to skin infections, where local applications of Calendula officinalis were associated, and those with peripheral venous insufficiency who received a “combination” homeopathic formula, phytopharmaceuticals were associated after the Second Prescription. Both, traditional uses and homeopathic Materia Medica determined the herbal product to select. The most common herbal medicines were Calendula officinalis (Tincture 20%), Aloe barbadensis (Cream 50%), Citrus aurantifolia (Tincture 20%), Rhizophora mangle plus Honey, Allium sativum (Tincture 20%), Plantago major (Fluid extract) and Passiflora incarnata (Fluid extract). Only the patient with allergic rhinitis did not improve his condition for he was reevaluated and a diagnosis of nasal polyps was performed. There was no evidence of drugs interactions or side effects. Conclusions: Combination of Homeopathy and phytotherapy can be recommended as a treatment option depending on patient’s requirements. References: 1. OMS. Estrategias de la OMS sobre Medicina Tradicional. Ginebra: OMS; 2002. 2. Cabieses F. A favor y en contra del uso de las plantas medicinales. En: Lozoya X. 5 Simposio Internacional de Fitofármacos: Los Fitofármacos en la Clínica Moderna. México D.F.: IMSS-Farmassa Schwabe; 2001. p. 5-13. 3. The Bourton Goldberg Group. Alternative Medicine. Tiburon: Future Publishing; 1999. 4. Alonso J. Aplicación de los Fitofármacos en la clínica diaria. . En: Lozoya X. 5 Simposio Internacional de Fitofármacos: Los Fitofármacos en la Clínica Moderna. México D.F.: IMSS-Farmassa Schwabe; 2001. p. 79-88. 5. Díaz Mastellari M. En defensa de la Medicina y de su Método Científico. Bogotá: Fotolito e Impresiones Hel; 2005. 6. Demarque D. L´homéopathie sans masque. Paris: Doin; 1979. 7. Duflo-Boujard O. Traité d´ophtalmologie homéopathique. 2ème éd. Ste-Foy-lès-Lyon: Boiron; 1988. P095- BACH `S FLAWER THERAPY IN MILD INTERMMITTENT BROCHIAL ASTHMA Cedeño E, Benítez G, Sierra L Medical University of Santiago de Cuba. Email: [email protected] The flower essences constitute a therapeutic system arising from energetic elements of de flower of some plants in a hidroalcoholic solution. One of the midely knowvered systems is Edward Bach¨s. Who discovered this way of curation. It includes 39 flower essences, from which the most used is the Rescue Remedy (39).It is related clinically with emergency situations, stress, anguish and others. Because of the usefulness of natural medications in the treatment of the multiple affections and the necessity to value the therapeutic effects of much demanded remedies such as the flower essences. At random, controlled clinical essay was done with Rescue remedy (39) of the therapeutic system of Bach ¨s flower with the aim to asses. The efficacy in the treatment of quick relief of mild intermmittent Bronchial Asthma in patients who attended the emergency room (PPU) of Rajayoga in the third trimester of 2005.Patients were divided into two group (30 patients each) One of the group was treated conventionally (Bronchodilators) and the other (experimental group) with flower essence 39, 4 drops every 5 minutes until 3 doses. The independent varialbles assesed were: age, sex, clinical symptoms of the disease and effects of the remedy upon the symptom. Statistics descriptive and inferencial methods were used. The following results were obtained: At 15 minutes the 98 % of the patients of the studied group improved the symptoms, compared with 53 % in the control group. Dyspnoea diminished in both gruop 86 % at 5 minutes after treatment. The efficacy of Rescue Remedy was demonstrated an emergency therapy in the patients studied





118

P096- FLORAL PRESCRIPTION DETECTION BY KINESEOLOGY Rodríguez de la Torre, E Complejo Interdisciplinario de Salud, La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The revaluation of the western world about the kindness of the natural medicine has happened in a holistic approach of the man cataloguing it like a bioenergetics unit harmoniously interrelated with the universal power field, standing out between the diagnostics practices before the imbalances the Kinesiology developed by the Austrian scientist Raphael Van Assche, who offers a method by means of muscular reflections of the arms known like "arm reflex" (AR), like an answer given stimuli to the subject. Materials and Methods: using the Kinesiology to indicate the best prescription of floral essences we made a prospective study during three months with one hundred divided patients in two groups of 50 subjects each one, in the consultation of Bioenergetics Therapies of the CACSO Sta. Rosa de Lima, in Peru, being prescribed the first group by means of verbal conventional test; and the second group with the thrown thing by Kinesiology when responding to the floral essences of the set of 39 flowers of Edgard Bach, that placed in groups of five bottles of mothers’ essences on the plexus to pave of the subjects caused an AR like answer to the inter-performance by bio-psicosonance body-flower. Results: the main findings reflect remarkable differences between groups both. The testing group improved considerably in a 60%; and the group prescribed by Kinesiology a 97% sent satisfactorily. Conclusions: on the basis of the reached results evidence that the application of the Kinesiology even serves like bioenergetics diagnosis for the indication as the floral essences that harmonize with the patient, indicating the necessary metering, becoming as well extraordinary instrument in the natural product investigation P097- PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF A SOFT EXTRACT AND OINTMENTS OF Petiveria alliacea L Ochoa Pacheco Aa , Gross Fernández Cb, Armas Corría Aa and Gutiérrez Fonseca YGa aPharmacy Department, Naturals Sciences Faculty, Oriente University (a), Address: Patricio Lumumba s/n Street and Av. Las Américas, Alt. Quintero; Post Code 90500, Santiago de Cuba City, Cuba. bFaculty # 1 of Medic Sciences (b), Address: Av. Las Américas Street and E, Fomento neigbordhood; Post Code 90100, Santiago de Cuba City, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Introduction: Psoriasis constitutes a health problem, due to its high incidence rate and the deficit of existing drugs for its treatment, these are the motives for designing this investigation, with the proposition of using a herbal drug from the plant specie Petiveria alliacea L. (anamú); for the intended treatment of this condition, after completing all the studies which are established by the Critical Route of Investigation in Medicinal Plants of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba. Materials and methods: A Preclinical Pharmacological Evaluation I of the anti-inflammatory action of the soft extract (active principle) and ointments elaborated from the leaves of this plant specie was carried out. A Model of Biological Valuation: Sub-plantar oedema by carrageenan was used in male Sprague Dawley rats. The soft extract was administered by intraperitoneal injection using doses of 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg/kg of body weight and the ointments by topical application at concentrations of the 10, 30 and 50 % of the active principle. The positive controls utilized were: Indomethacin suspension 10 mg/kg of body weight and niflumic acid ointment 3 %, respectively. Three groups of rats were selected aleatorially according to the compounds evaluated and at the same time each of these groups was divided into three subgroups consisting of 6 animals each. Results: The soft extract at the three doses tested and the ointments at the concentrations of 30 and 50 % possess effective anti-inflammatory activity, the ointment of 10 % gave negative results. Conclusions: The best anti-inflammatory efficacy is achieved with the highest doses and concentrations tested without showing external signs of toxicity, this is similar with the positive controls.





119

P098- ANTIRUST VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN DIET OF ADOLESCENTS LIKE RISK FACTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Martorell-González N, Torres-Hernández MR Policlínico Universitario “Dr. Jorge Ruis Ramírez” Ciudad de la Habana Cuba, Hosp. Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Ciudad de La Habana Cuba. Email: [email protected]. We made a cross-sectional study in 130 adolescents of 14 - 17 years, of both sexes, students, to determine the antirust in the blood and obtained vitamin concentrations by means of the diet, and its association with dietetic and the measures. After the consent informed into the adolescents blood samples were taken to determine vitamin E, C and carotenoid totals and were interviewered to determine the frequency of the consumption of these vitamins in the diet and they were measuring. According to the biochemistry results classify of high risk for the Vitamin E concentrations 24.6% of the adolescents, for carotenoid 47.8% and Vitamin C 23.6%. As sources of natural origin of these antirust ones we have of Vitamin A: orange, carrot, spinach, lettuce, pumpkin, sweet potato, fruit pump, handle, cucumber, banana, Indian corn, yucca, tangerine, radish, parsley, pepper and kidney bean, of Vitamin E: oil of soy bean, Indian corn, peanut, sunflower, pea, chick-peas, lentils, avocado, spinach, and of Vitamin C: cashew nut, cucumber, guava, fruit pump, beet, handle, tangerine, onion, mamey, tomato and star apple. If to these the obtained percentage of moderate risk is added to him, the numbers increase. The food ingestion was low for vitamin E and C, which supports the deficiencies found in the blood. The measures did not show association with the deficiencies of found vitamins. Some recommendations were set out. P099- ERIDAL®. ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OINTMENT MADE OUT OF OIL EXTRACTS FROM LEMMON GRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) Vidal R, Vidal E University of Granma. High-Road Bayamo-Manzanillo, Km. 17, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Emails: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: Eridal® is the commercial name for an analgesic and anti-inflammatory ointment made out of oil extracts from Lemmon grass (Cymbopogon citratus). Lemmon Grass has been widely used in Cuban Traditional medicine due to its therapeutic properties to treat several illnesses, both internal and external. This paper summarizes the results from several comprehensive researches that lead to the making of a topic drug adjuvant in the treatment of hypertension, headaches, insect stings, odontalgia, lumbago and other muscle pains. Materials and Methods: The ointment is made out of Lemmon grass essential oil extracted from the leaves by steam distillation the process defines the main physical and chemical parameters of the essential oil such as: density, index of refraction, content of citral as well as other organoleptic characteristics (Pharmacopoeia USP XVI). Results: The effectiveness of this ointment was confirmed by clinical trials carried out in 5 clinics and hospitals from different Cuban provinces in 20000 patients. As a result the ointment was approved for usage in the above mentioned pathologies by the CECMED. P100- EFFECTS OF A MIXTURE OF FATTY ACIDS FROM SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) WAX OIL IN INFLAMMATION Ledón N1, Casacó A1, Remírez D2, González A1, Cruz J3, González R3, Capote A3, Tolón Z3, Rojas E3, Rodríguez VJ3, Merino N4,. Rodríguez S3, Ancheta O3, Cano M3 1Centro de Inmunología Molecular. Calle 216 y 17 Playa. 2Centro Estatal para el Control de la Calidad de los Medicamentos. Calle 200 No. 1706 e/ 17 y 19. Reparto Siboney. Playa. 3Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas. Ave 25 y 158. Playa. 4Centro de Química Farmacéutica. 200 y 21, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba A mixture of fatty acids obtained from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) wax oil, (FAM) in which the main constituents are palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, was evaluated in two models of inflammation: zymosan- induced arthritis and in the tail test for psoriasis, both on mice. In the first model, FAM significantly reduced zymozan-





120

induced increase of β glucuronidase (DE50 90 ± 7 mg/kg). Histopathological studies showed inhibition in cellular infiltration and reduction of synovial hyperplasia and synovitis, whereas in the second test, histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed that topical application of FAM induced orthokeratosis with the presence of keratohyalin granules in the previously parakeratotic adult mouse-tail, and without effects on epidermal thickness The ED50 of FAM in this model was 155 ± 10 mg. The results of our studies showed that topical application of FAM exerts an important anti-inflammatory activity in both tests without evidence of irritant effects. The anti-inflammatory effects exerted by FAM may be due to its inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-inflammatory effect of sugar cane by-products in experimental models of arthritis and psoriasis. P101- PHARMACOLOGIAL PRE-CLINICAL EVALUATION OF Isocarpha cubana BLAKE Peña D1, Montes de Oca N1, Rojas S1, Parra A2, García G3

1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Zoilo Marinello Vidaurreta”. Las Tunas. 2Laboratorio Provincialde Medicamentos. Las Tunas. 3Laboratorios LIORAD. Centro de Estudios para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas (CEIEB). Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos. Universidad de La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: The common chamomile (Isocarpha Cubana Blake) is a plant commonly used by our population. It has the same properties scientifically tested on the sweet chamomile (Matricaria Recutita, L.). A few studies have been related to it and none has demonstrated that the plant has the properties attributed to it. A preliminary pharmacognostic study dealt favorably with the possible similarities of both plants. It was the basis that determined the study of its pre-clinical pharmacological effects. Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory action was evaluated by means of the model of induced inflammation by carrageenan, which values the acute effect. It was completed with the two other models of inflammation: that of granuloma to evaluate the chronic effect of the extract and that of auricular edema to evaluate the topic anti-inflammatory action of the cream. Taking into account the wide use of this plant by our population as an anti-diarrheic and digestive medication, its effect on the intestinal duct was also studied. Results: The fluid extract diminished the percentage of acute inflammation produced by carrageenan in three dose levels, being this dose effect dependent and similar to that of indomethacin. In the same way, it inhibited significantly the production of granulomatous tissue in the model of chronic inflammation. However, the chamomile cream at 5 % was not able to diminish, in a topic way, the inflammatory effect produced by the croton oil. While studying its activity on the intestinal tract the extract acted out as an anti-diarrheic medication, being able to decrease the laxative effect of glycerin. Conclusions: The fluid extract of the common chamomile demonstrated to have acute and chronic anti-inflammatory action as well as anti-diarrheic effect while the chamomile cream at 5 % did not have anti-inflammatory effect in a topic way. P102- APOPTOSIS AND FOOD-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS: THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR RHEUMATOID AND OSTEOARTHRITIS Farid-Badria A1 and Fathy El-Batoty M2

1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516 Egypt. Email: [email protected] The present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of apoptosis of blood neutrophils in normal subjects, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients with and without addition of some selected natural products. This study was conducted on 30 normal volunteers and 85 patients; 55 cases with RA (active and inactive) and 30 cases with OA of the knee. Blood neutrophils were prepared, cultured, and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours in medium with and without 27 selected flavonoids and related phenolic compounds commonly abundant in many foods and medicinal plants. Both morphology and DNA fragmentation methods assessed the percentage of neutrophils apoptosis in each culture. There was significant increase of the percentage of apoptotic cells with aging in culture medium from normal subjects, RA and OA patients. In RA patients, there was inhibition of neutrophils apoptosis in comparison to normal subjects and OA patients in whom inflammatory response is less than in RA patients. There was no significant difference in the percentage of apoptotic cells between active and inactive RA patients. Aflavins proved to be the most active group, especially theaflavin-3-3'-digallate. On the other hand,





121

isoflavones showed to be the least active group in this study. All glycosides showed lower activity than their corresponding aglycones. The position and number of either methoxy or hydroxyl groups in all tested compounds showed significant effect on apoptosis. P103- AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Uncaria tomentosa (CAT'S CLAW) AMELIORATES OZONE INDUCED INFLAMMATION Cisneros FJ1 & Jayo M2 1Charles River Laboratories - Pennsylvania. 905 Sheehy Drive, Horsham, PA19044. 2Tengion, Inc. Winston-Salem, NC 27103. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Background & Significance: Uncaria tomentosa (UT) is woody climbing shrub member of the Rubiaceae family. UT is indigenous to the tropical Amazonian rainforest (extending from Honduras to Bolivia). In Spanish, UT is called “Uña de Gato”, because of its characteristic thorns which resemble a cat’s claw. Traditionally, UT is used as an herbal “folk” remedy to prevent and/or treat several inflammatory disorders. Environmental airway exposure to ozone (O3) has been associated with respiratory tract diseases that affect function and cause inflammation. Consequently, we designed an experiment to 1) characterize O3-induced lung inflammation in mice, and 2) test the efficacy of an UT concoction in preventing O3-induced lung inflammation in mice. Materials & Methods: O3-induced lung inflammation in the mouse model was evaluated using several endpoints that included: total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), BALF cytological smears, and microscopic histopathology and morphometry. These endpoints were then used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of UT. An aqueous UT extract was prepared and given to male mice 8 days prior to exposure to O3. Then, the mice were killed at 0 and 8 hrs post-exposure. Results: O3 inhalation caused increased BALF protein levels and an acute pneumonitis characterized by high numbers of infiltrating neutrophils, both at 0 and 8 hrs post-exposure. Compared to untreated controls, UT-treated mice had significantly (p < 0.05) lower BALF protein levels, a lesser degree of bronchiolar epithelial necrosis, a greater number of morphologically intact epithelial cells, and lower numbers of luminal neutrophils. Conclusions: In the mouse model, acute exposure to O3 inhalation causes a reproducible pneumonitis and bronchiolitis. Drinking an aqueous UT extract for 8 days prior to O3 exposure prevented the inflammatory changes associated with O3- exposure. P104- THE MARINE PLANT Thalassia testudinum POSSESSES ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES Llanio M1, Fernandez MD1, CabreraB1, Bermejo P2, Abad MJ2, Payá M3, Alcaraz MJ3 1Bioproducts Marine Center, Loma y 37 Cuba. 2Pharmacology Dept. Madrid Complutense University, Spain. 3Pharmacology Dept. Valencia University, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] The natural marine compounds represent a source of new chemical structures (Payá et al, 1993) and of pharmacological substances with anti-inflammatory activity that will allow to deepen in the knowledge of the inflammatory process and in novel mechanisms of action of therapeutic agents. In this work we carry out the study of a extract of a marine plant present in the Cuban coast, Thalassia testudinum (Tt) with the objective of detecting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by carrageenan paw oedema, croton oil mouse ear oedema, phospholipase A2 inhibition (PLA2), cyclo-oxigenase inhibition (COX) and writhing tests. Three obtained fractions of these extract were also evaluated in the assay of croton oil-induced ear oedema, PLA2 inhibition, COX inhibition and writhing test. The extract obtained from the Tt plant demonstrated an inhibitory effect in the carragenan paw oedema. It also demonstrated inhibitory effect over PLA2 and COX enzyme. Chloroform and butanolic fractions also inhibited mouse ear oedema assay, and COX enzyme, but only the chloroform fraction inhibited the PLA2 enzyme. The extract, butanolic and aqueous fractions inhibited writhing test. We can conclude that as much the extract, the chloroform and butanolic fractions present anti-inflammatory properties and the extract and two of the fractions show analgesic effect. Reference: Payá, M., Ferrándiz, M. L., Sanz, M. J., Bustos, G., Blasco, R., Rios, J. L., and Alcaraz, M. J. (1993) Study of the antioedema activity of some seaweed and sponge extracts from the mediterranean coast in mice. Phytother. Res. 7, 159-162.





122

P105- Stypopodium zonale: A MARINE ALGA WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT EFFECTS Fernández MDa, Llanio Ma, Cabrera Ba, Bermejo Pb, Abad MJb, Payá Mc and Alcaraz MJc aMarine Bioproducts Center. Havana. Cuba. bDept. of Pharmacology. Faculty of Pharmacy. University Complutense of Madrid. cDept. of Pharmacology. Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Valencia. Spain. E-mail: [email protected] Compounds with anti-inflammatory effects have been obtained from marine organisms such as sponges, coelenterates and algae. A representative compound obtained from algae, due to its great number of properties, is epitaondiol that inhibits phospholipase A2 enzyme (PLA2) and the formation and/or liberation of prostaglandins and leucotriens. Another anti-inflammatory compound also isolated from a marine algae is pacifenol that, besides the above mentioned, inhibits the formation of reactive species of oxygen. Considering these results we carried out the study of an extract obtained from Stypopodium zonale, present in the Cuban coasts, with the aim to know if it presents anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties and the possible mechanisms of action for these effects. For these, we used different in vivo tests like croton oil and arachidonic acid mouse ear oedema and writhing induced by acetic acid, as well as in vitro inhibition test as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), ciclooxigenase (COX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, and lipid peroxidation (TBA). Our results showed that the extract inhibits the mouse ear oedema induced by both compounds: the PLA2 obtained from bee poison and from human recombinant source, the writhing induced by acetic acid, the lipoperoxidation, showing, also, mimetic SOD activity. The extract showed anti-inflammatory activity in models related with prostaglandins and leukotrienes formation. We can conclude that the Stypopodium zonale extract presents anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties. P106- MONITORING OF INFLAMMATION ALLEGIC AND AIRWAY REMODELING MARKERS IN TWO ASTHMATIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH VIMANG® CAPSULES Alvarez A1, Sanchez C1, Rodriguez J1, Lemus Y1, Jane A2, Izquierdo M 3, Delgado R1 1Department of Biomedical Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 243’s Hospital. 3Center of Surgery Medical Researches, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Bronchial Asthma is the allergic disease with a most incidence in Cuba (15%). Regarding the desirable results obtained in preclinical allergic models with the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica L, a clinical study was carried out in two patients with moderate persistent and severe persistent asthma. This extract has been used in Cuba as a food supplement under the brand name of VIMANG®. Both patients received the same medication, a capsule of VIMANG® 300 mg c/8h, during three months. Respiratory functional tests were applied to each patient as well as determinations of parameters related to inflammatory and allergic processes that triggers the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the exacerbation of symptoms of bronchial asthma. During the three months of treatment, three measurements took place at equal intervals of time, al the first at the beginning, the second after one and a half month, and the third at the end of the experimental period. In both individuals, a significant improvement in the volume of force expiration in 1s (FEV1) was observed, and the levels of serum of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and the enzymatic activity of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) decreased noticeably; all of them, important indicators related with inflammatory and allergic processes that occurs in the airways of asthmatic patients. These results show the effectiveness of VIMANG® as adjuvant in the treatment of bronchial asthma.





123

P107- ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE Aristotelia chilensis, ESPECIE NATIVA CHILENA Delporte C, Torres V, Erazo S, Silva X, Negrete R, Muñoz O, Backhouse N Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Introducción: Aristotelia chilensis (Eleaocarpaceae) n.v maqui es un árbol muy abundante que crece en terrenos húmedos con distribución entre la I y X Región de Chile. La medicina folclórica le atribuye a las hojas propiedades para aliviar afecciones de garganta y amígdalas. La mayoría de los estudios previos relacionados con esta especie, son referidos a los frutos, los que son explotados económicamente como alimento y fuente de colorantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las actividades antiinflamatoria y antimicrobiana de los distintos extractos obtenidos desde las hojas de Aristotelia chilensis, con miras a validar su uso por parte de la medicina folclórica. Resultados previos sobre la evaluación de la actividad analgésica mostraron que los diferentes extractos obtenidos desde las hojas exhibieron actividad analgésica. Metodología: después de recolectar las hojas, éstas fueron secadas, molidas y extraídas en forma sucesiva y hasta total agotamiento con disolventes de polaridad creciente, obteniéndose los extractos de hexano, diclorometano y metanol. Una vez eliminado totalmente el disolvente, los extractos fueron sometidos a los ensayos farmacológicos. La actividad antiinflamatoria vía tópica fue evaluada en ratones a los que se les indujo una inflamación dérmica en la oreja con ácido araquidónico (AA) y 12-decanoilforbol 13-acetato, en ambos ensayos el extracto fue aplicado 5 min antes del agente inflamatorio. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó con el bioensayo bioautografía. Resultados: en ambos ensayos in vivo, los tres extractos presentaron efectos antiinflamatorios, siendo el extracto de diclorometano el de mayor actividad antiinflamatoria tópica, 63,9 y 31,5% frente a TPA y AA respectivamente. Los resultados de la evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana mostraron un leve efecto inhibitorio de todos los extractos sobre el crecimiento de S. aureus, B. subtilis y E. coli siendo activos los extracto de hexano y diclorometano en tanto que el extracto metanólico mostró actividad solamente S. aureus. No presentaron actividad frente a los hongos C. albicans ni frente a S. cereviseae. Agradecimientos: Proyecto FIA-ES-C-2005-1-A-040 y al Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP) por los animales de experimentación. P108- ACTIVIDADES ANALGÉSICA Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE Malesherbia auristipulata, ESPECIE PRE-ANDINA CHILENA Erazo S, Backhouse N, García R, Zaldívar M, Negrete R, Belmonte E, San Martín A, Rojas O, Delporte C Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Introducción: Malesherbia auristipulata Ricardo (Malesherbiaceae), n.v. ají de zorra, es una planta que crece en la I región de Chile. El género de esta especie es usado para la tos. No se registran estudios químicos ni farmacológicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue validar sus usos folclóricos mediante la evaluación de las actividades analgésica y antimicrobiana de los distintos extractos de esta planta. Metodología: el exudado resinoso fue obtenido con diclorometano desde la parte aérea de la planta. Posteriormente el marco vegetal fue extraído en forma sucesiva con disolventes de polaridad creciente, obteniéndose los extractos de hexano, diclorometano y metanol. La actividad analgésica se determinó in vivo mediante el método de las contorsiones abdominales inducidas por ácido acético y la actividad antimicrobiana se realizó mediante los métodos de siembra radial y bioautografía. Resultados: el exudado resinoso y extracto diclorometano exhibieron importantes actividades analgésicas (67,9 y 60,3 % respectivamente). La actividad analgésica de dos fracciones bioactivas obtenidas desde extracto de diclorometano se debe en parte al canferol y β-sitosterol. En la evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana sólo el exudado resinoso presentó actividad frente a bacterias gram (+): S. aureus, B. subtilis y M flavus a concentraciones de 100 y 200 µg/mL. Todos los extractos fueron inactivos contra C. albicans. Los compuestos activos fueron una mezcla de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados constituídos principalmente de ácido γ-linolénico 58,04% (G/MS), con una CMI de 120, 30 y 30 µg/mL para S. aureus, B. subtilis y M flavus. Agradecimientos: Programa CYTED y al Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP) por los animales de experimentación.





124

P109- ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CULTURED Ginkgo biloba RM Yu, CY Yan, LY Song Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China. Email: [email protected] Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is an ancient Chinese tree has been cultivated and held revered for its health-promoting properties. The extract of dried leaves of G. biloba can play a role in reducing brain damage [1-3]. A standardized extrac (EGb 761) of dried leaves of G. biloba, containing 24% ginkgo flavonol glycosides and 6% terpene lactones such as ginkgolides and bilobalide, was developed by Willmar Schwabe [2]. It has commonly been used in Europe to treat peripheral vascular and neurological disorders [4]. Based on our previous research [5-6], two polysaccharides from cultured Ginkgo biloba were isolated and structurally elucidated. The isolation, purification, identification and their biological activities are reported in this paper. Two polysaccharides, one from the culture solution, another from water extract of cultured Ginkgo biloba L, were isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weights were determined using gel-filtration chromatography. The structures of ECPGB-1 and ICPGB-1 were elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR spectroscopy. ECPGB-1 and ICPGB-1 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and anoxic protection activity in mice. It is well known that inflammation and anoxia cause damage to body. The results of the pharmacological study in mice indicate that ECPGB-1 and ICPGB-1 have anti-inflammatory activities and protective effects on anoxia, which suggests the two polysaccharides enhance body’s abilities to resist harmful stimulation. The mechanism of their biological activities needs to be studied further. References: 1. S. Pierre, I. Jamme, M.T. Droy-Lefaix, A. Nouvelot, J.M. Maixent, Neuro Report 1999; 10: 47. 2. Y. Christen, J. Costentin, M. Lacour (Eds.), Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) on the Central Nervous System, Elsevier, Paris, 1992, p.19. 3. J. Krieglstein, F. Ausmeir, H. Ek-Abhar, K. Lippert, M. Welsch, K. Rupalla, P. Henrich-Noack, Eur. J. Pharmaceut Sci.. 1995; 3: 39-48. 4. F.V. DeFeudis (Ed.), Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761): Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Applications, Elsevier, Paris, 1991, p.97, Ch.5. 5. Yu RM, Zhao HL, Zheng YG, et al. Studies on the callus culture of Ginkgo biloba and its metabolites-ginkgolides, Chinese Journal of Biotechnology (English edition) 1999; 15(1): 52-58. 6. Yu RM, Zhao HL, Yao XS, et al. The suspension culture of Ginkgo biloba and the analysis of its secondary metabolites-ginkgolides, Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 1999; 15(2): 207-210. P110- ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWER TOPS OF Gentiana Kurroo ROYALE EXTRACT Latif A, Khan TF and Afaq SH Department of Ilml Advia, A.K. Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India. Email: [email protected] Gentiana Kurroo Royale (GK) flower tops (Gule-Ghafis) has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, fever, hepatitis in Unani System of Medicine. The plant was sold in Easter countries under the name Gul-Ghafis which is Gentiana daliurica Fisch. But sample obtained from the major cities of India were found and identified as flower tops of Gentiana Kurroo Royale. However this work was aimed at the scientific validation of ethanopharmacological claim about the anti-inflammatory property of Gentiana Kurroo Royal flower tops extract. Air-dried flower tops of GK were blended to a fine powder extracted with 50% ethanol. The phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation (%) TLC and anti-inflammatory screening were investigated. The study was carried out on Wister rats of either sex. Animals were divided into three groups of six each. Rat paw edema induced by Carrageenan 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan in 0.9% NaCl was administered into planter surface of right hind paw. The experimental groups-I was fed with extract in the dose of 1000 mg/ kg body weight, the animal in group-II served as control group and administered with 20 ml/ kg distilled water while standard drug Diclofenac sodium was given to group-III in the dose of 5 mg/ kg orally an hour prior to administration of carrageenan. After injection animals were observed and readings were obtained for each rat at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes with the aid of Plethysmometer. The percentage of inhibition for each rats were calculated by the formula of New Bould (1963). The phytochemical screening was revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, free phenols, sterols/ terpens. Percentage estimated as alkaloid 0.33 ± 0.02, phenols 2.9 ± 0.07, sterols/ terpens 1.35 ± 0.01, flavonoid 0.34 ± 0.24 were found. Thin layer chromatography of flavonoid fraction showed Robinetin-0, Luteolin, Apigenin, Kaempferol and Kaempferid.





125

The effect of extract of flower tops of GK showed a maximum anti-inflammatory effect about 68.58% (p < 0.01) at 180 min. while the anti-inflammatory effect of Diclofenac sodium reached a maximum 70.58% (p < 0.01) at 180 min. The results indicate that the flower tops of GK posses anti-inflammatory activity against inflammation induced by carrageen an in acute phase. Thus, this study strongly indicates the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory activity. They may act by the inhibition of production of prostaglandins, other than this the presence of flavonoids may account for its anti-inflammatory pharmacological activity. This pharmacological study is validating the claims of ancient Unani Physicians regarding the anti inflammatory property of the Gentiana Kurroo Royale flower tops. P111- PHARMACOLOGICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON Mangifera indica L AND MANGIFERIN: BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY WITH SCIENCE CITATION INDEX Jáuregui-Haza Ua, Domínguez-Mesa MIa, Valdés-González Mb, Izquierdo-González M aCentro de Química Farmacéutica (CQF). 200 y 21, Apdo. 16042, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. bConsultoría Biomundi. Calle 200 1922 e/ 19 y 21, Apdo. 16015, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. cCentro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ). 216 y 13, Apdo. 6096, Siboney, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The recent research on Mangifera indica and mangiferin, one of the main metabolites present in mango tree, has awaken the interest of international scientific community starting from the results related to therapeutics properties attributed to this specie. The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. is widely used in Cuban traditional medicine and several preclinical studies and clinical evidences of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potentially immunomodulatory activity of this extract have been reported. The purpose of present work is to show the impact of published results about Mangifera indica L. and mangiferin. Material and methods: The registered information in the data base Science Citation Index from 1997-2005 was analyzed. Results The number of scientific articles on Mangifera indica and mangiferin has systematically increase during last 8 years, from 10 in 1997 to 76 in 2005. Among the countries with the highest amount of publications are India, United States of America, Australia, Brazil and Cuba. Even the greater part of papers are related to the culture of the plant, it can be observed an increase in pharmacological and toxicological investigations as well as in topics on medicinal chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology. The reports about antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica's extract, including the first clinical evidences in controlled clinical trials, and about anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of Mangifera indica and mangiferin are among the more relevant results. An analysis of main directions to which future development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations will be addressed, as well as the perspective of the preparation of functional foods with the extract of Mangifera indica, mangiferin or other metabolites present in this specie has been discussed. P112- THE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS NATIONAL CENTER INFORMATION AS PROMOTER OF THE RATIONAL USE OF THE NATURAL MEDICINE

Echavarria M, López R, Ferrer Y, Casado C, Miranda M Pharmacy and Foods Institute. University of Havana Ave. 23 no. 24 125, between 214 and 222. La Coronela. La Lisa. Havana. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Now a days, the use of medicinal plants and their pharmaceutical preparations is bigger every time, that is why it is necessary the development of programs that guarantee the formation of the whole health personnel and patients in the correct employment of the same ones and of the phytomedicines, it has being necessary to enlarge the objectives and the profile of the medications information centers or simply the creation of centers specialized in this line like it is our case. Presently work will approach the different investigation lines developed in the medicinal plants national center information of the Experimental Pharmacy of the PFI (Pharmacy and Foods Institute), which takes 6 months in operation, carrying out tasks of sanitary education with the participation in activities directed toward specific groups of patient, particularizing in hypertens, diabetics and people with dysfunctions hematologics . Not only the promotion and education in health activities but also clinical studies have been developed with some phytomedicaments such as Cane Santa dye (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), cañandonga syrup (Cassia grandis L.), etc., sow this way we can detect the main problems related with this therapeutic variant employment. Starting from





126

these results they have been developed a group of activities directed to fomenting a culture on the medicinal plants rational use where the pharmacist's paper as dispenser has been shown. Generally we have given solution to a total of 65 queries of those which 37 were professionals of the health and 19 to the population, of them 62 they have been of the capital and 3 of the rest of the provinces. P113- A WEB SITE OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE Allium sativum L (GARLIC) López Ma, García Oa, Yera Yb, Rodríguez Ab, Hernández LCb aMunicipal Main Pharmacy #691,. Fructuoso Rodríguez #114A, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53000, Cuba. bCalculation Center, Sugar Company George Washington, Batey Washington, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53500, Cuba, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] The resurgence of the medications starting from natural sources has shown the big therapeutic values of many plants. The wide use that at the moment have these, it implies a constant upgrade of the professionals of the health. For it was made it a WEB site on the Alluim sativum L (garlic), one of the most used traditional plants and that it is also recognized in the world by the numerous therapeutic properties that are attributed. The WEB site will serve as consultation material, the Dreamweaver was used for its edition, and the site can be visualized with Internet Explorer 4.0. In these different WEB pages are included for the thematic ones approached: Generalities of the Allium sativum L, Chemical Composition, Uses in Traditional Medicine and Pharmacological Properties (fibrinolitic and platelet anti-addictive, hypoglyceric, cardioprotective, hypotensive, anti-rust, anti-cancerigenic, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal and antiviral). To guarantee the upgrade of the topics 133 bibliographic references of the last 5 years were revised. P114- THE INFORMATION OF PATENT DOCUMENTS FOR THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN NATURAL PRODUCTS. THE CASE OF SOLANESOL Valdés-González M Consultoría Biomundi, calle 200, No 1022, e/ 19 y 21, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] The documents of patents constitute one of the available information resources that can help in the R&D of the natural products. However, this type of documents is very little used for such ends. The patents protect the technical patrimony and to help to stimulate the innovative capacity of the companies. They offer technical information never before disclosed in another means. By means of the consultation of the patent documents is avoided the parallel development and duplicity of efforts in the investigation, because with alone to make a consultation to these many centers of R&D the researchers would verify that their problems have already been solved previously or they could find solution to reorient their investigations or simply to find a possible partner. To corroborate some of the previous positions was carried out a study of the patents bibliographical information of the databases Espacenet and Delphion related with the solanesol. This compound is a natural product obtained from the Solanaceae family, fundamentally from tobacco. In the study is determined the companies and more innovative inventors, the main lines of R&D (including the pharmacological evaluation), as well as the technological evolution of solanesol, among other aspects. Japanese and Chinese companies are those that more has worked in this area. The protected inventions are directed fundamentally to improve the extraction and purification processes of solanesol, more than to its medical application and that they have developed novel techniques for the production of the coenzyme Q-10 starting from this compound.





127

P115- USE OF LDE (LEUKOCYTES DIALYZABLE EXTRACT) IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE Santos MN, Santos C ICO Hospital Ramón Pando Ferrer, Hospital Pediátrico del Cerro, Calle 76 y Ave 31, Marianao, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] A high incidence of breathing infections exists in Pediatric patients favored by the states of discordant immunity characteristic of that age and to the tenacious character of the microorganisms due to the abuse in the use of the antimicrobianos and other factors related with the environmental changes, etc. The Leukocytes Dializable Extract (LDE) although their use is known from the last century it is today that we possess in our country preparation in enough quantities and with quality for boarding del use of this product in the help to patients that don't respond to the antimicrobial therapy. We present the results obtained in a Descriptive Study carried out in 60 patients between 2 and 14 years with Recurrent Breathing Infections without improvement with conventional treatments. In all patients were carried out evaluations: Count of immune cells and quantification of Immunoglobulines besides evaluations microorganism, etc. before and 1 month after having concluded the treatment besides clinical evaluations of the patients every 15 days and whenever they needed it. The doses of utilized LDE went from 1 to 2 daily units during the acute phase spending later on to 1 weekly unit for 8 weeks. The answer was classified as Satisfactory being obtained a decrease of the number of infections by year in more than 56% of the patients. The adverse effects were local pain in 10% and fever in 6.6% of the cases P116- NATURAL Neissera DERIVE PROTEOLIPOSOME AND COCHLEATE AS POTENT VACCINE ADJUVANTS Pérez O1, Lastre M1, Bracho G1, del Campo J1, Zayas C1, Acevedo R1, Gil D1, Mora N1, González D2, Balboa J1, Cabrera O1, Cuello C1, Pérez DR1, Barberá R2, Fajardo EF3, Sierra G4, Solís RL5, and Campa C4

1Immunology, 2Production Vice-presidency, 3Vaccine Adviser, 4Presidency, 5Resarch Vice-presidency, Finlay Institute, PO Box 16017, Havana City, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Proteoliposome (PL) and its derivated- Cochleate (AFCo1) contain immunopotentiating properties and delivery system capacities required for a good adjuvant. In addition, they permit package of multimeric antigens and synergistic PAMP. Consequently, we hypothesized that PL and AFCo1 will function as good vaccine adjuvants. PL is a detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicle from live Neisseria meningitidis B and can be transforming into AFCo1 in calcium environment. Both are produced at industrial scale and control at Finlay Institute under GMP conditions1-4. PL and its AFCo1 have exceptional characteristics because they: (1) combine in the same structure the potentiator activity, the polarizing agents, and the delivery system capacities; (2) exhibit multimeric copies (repetition of porins and other proteins); (3) contain multiprotein composition (Hmbr, FrpB, PorA, PorB, rmpM, Opc, Opa, SpA, etc.); (4) contain multi PAMP components (LPS, porins, phospholipids, DNA, etc); (5) contain synergistic PAMPs-TLRs interactions (TLR4 and TLR9); (6) act co-administrated but also allow the inclusion of other PAMPs, proteins, peptides, etc; (7) induce both type I IFN and IL-12 cytokines which suggest the stimulation in human of plasmocytoid precursor and conventional dendritic cells, respectively; (8) induce a preferential Th1 pattern of response5; (9) induce T CD4+, T CD8+, and cross presentation6; (10) has polyclonal B cell activity, and (11) function by parenteral and mucosal routes7.The constitution of Proteo-Cochleate permits per se their function as a vaccine. The inclusion of heterologous PAMPs and the formation of Cochleates using PL obtained from other microorganisms is a real fact. PL, in addition to Men BC vaccine that is in Phase IV, has concluded the preclinical stage in an allergic vaccine8. Preliminary results against Malaria and sexual transmitted disease are very promising. PL and Cochleate acting directly as vaccines or used as adjuvants are very promising. References: 1. Huergo C.C., et al. 1997. United States patent 5,597,572. 2. O. Pérez, et al. Patent application 2002-0292. 3. G Bracho, et al. Vaccine 24(S2):30, 2006. 4. C Zayas et al. Vaccine 24(S2):94, 2006. 5. O. Pérez, et al. Infect and Immun. 2001, 69:4502. 6. T Rodríguez, et al. Vaccine 2005, 23:1312. 7. O Pérez, et al. Vaccine 24(S2):52, 2006. 8. M Lastre, et al. Vaccine 24(S2):34, 2006.





128

P117- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF T-BIOMODULINE AND ITS CYTO-RESTORING AND INMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY Pérez M, Ramírez W , Jorge OC National Center of Bioproducts (BioCen). Beltran street, Km ½, Bejucal, 6048, La Havana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Biomodulin T is a natural product, composed by polypeptidic specific fractions of the Bovine Cheat with cyto-restoring and immunomodulatory activities, it stimulates lymphoblastoid mitosis and normalizes lymphocytes-T differentiation; it elevates natural killer cells levels. It doesn't present toxicity; neither produces organs and tissues alterations, without negative interference with main systems. It is indicated in states with cellular type immunologic dysfunction: aging with repetitive infections, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, active chronic hepatitis, Crohn illness, immunodeficiency syndrome, and in neoplasics and pigmentary retinosis treatments. Results: This product applied with hidroxycobalamine has other applications in Chronicle Fatigue Syndrome, immuno-senescence treatment and prevention, herpetimorph pathologies, neural therapy and coadyuvation of T-Biomoduline administration by venoclisis. Comparative studies with levamisol showed that this product achieves bigger recovery of thymic mass in children with thymic hypoplasia. An infecting process liberates glucocorticoids for the suprarrenal glands, activating apoptosis in intrathymic lymphocytes, and transforming this organ fibrograss tissue; Biomodulin T avoids these deleterious effects and is able to increase the thymic area with numeral increasing of mature lymphocytes T and decreasing of the immature ones, increases thymic hormones liberation through epithelial cells, by a positive feedback phenomenon and it also produces organic resources recovering. Conclusions: The National Center of Bioproducts obtains this product with appropriate quality specifications for its clinical use, besides it has the production license granted by the State Center for Medications Control and other certificates that also consolidate this production. P118- CONSTRUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL in vitro EVALUATION OF IMMUNOTOXINS BY LINKING OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH A HAEMOLYTIC TOXIN FROM A SEA ANEMONE Ávila AD1, Calderón CF1, Pérez RM1, Álvarez I2, Pons C1, Ortiz AR1. Pereda C1 1Unit of Evaluation and Research of Antitumoral, Oncology and Radiobiology Institute, 29th and E, Vedado, PO BOX 10400, Havana City, Cuba. 2Molecular Immunology Centre, 216th st. and 15th Ave, Siboney, PO BOX 11600, Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The immunotoxins (IT) are bifunctional proteic which are obtained by conjugation of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and toxins. This kind of molecules has the monoclonal specificity and the toxic properties are conferred by the toxin component. The cell which carried the appropriate receptor will selectively killed by the immunotoxin. In the present work we shows the construction of IT using chemical methods and its in vitro biological evaluation. The hybrid molecules were built by covalent linking between the hemoliytic toxin and the 17-1A and IOR-R3 monoclonal antibodies that recognize a 37kDa protein expressed in colorectal human carcinoma (MAb 17-1A) and the human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF receptor) (MAb IOR R3), respectively. Material and methods: To obtain of conjugates the toxin was conjugated to the MAbs using the heterobifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl-3(2-piridilditio) propinate (SPDP). The thiolated and reduced HT and the thiolated MAb were mixed in a molar ratio 1:1 and 7:1 for IOR-R3 MAb and 171A MAb, respectively. The reaction time was 72 hours at 4°C. Toxicity in vitro for IOR R3-HT for was measured in H125 cell line (human lung adenocarcinome) which carried the human EGF receptor and on U1906 cell line (small cell lung carcinoma) which did not carry the hEGFr. Toxicity in vitro for 17-1A-HT for was measured in SW1116 cell line (human colon carcinome) which carried the antigen and on MW14 cell line (human melanoma) which did not express the antigen. Results: A hybrid molecule was obtained in both cases. The biological activity of IT´s components were preserved as it was demonstrated by the selective citotoxicity experiments with cell lines. Conclusion: Membrane-active molecules of these kinds could be good choice for building up immunotoxin comprising antibodies towards antigen which not need endocytic internalization like carcinoma-associated antigens.





129

P119- IMMUNOSTIMULATION OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FOLLOWING DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF ERGOSAN TO INVESTIGATE ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF WHITE SHRIMP IN BUSHEHR-IRAN Takami GA, Yavari A, Heidarieh M University of Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] There is a growing need to control, prevent or minimize the devastating effects of disease in crustacean culture, without recourse to toxic chemicals or antibiotics. The agents currently under scrutiny for crustacean include glucans, lipopolysaccharides and killed bacterial cell. They are thought to act as immunostimulats because of their know effects on the crustacean immune system in vitro. Ergosan is an algine based immunomodulator extracted from marine algae. The active ingredients include algines and polysaccharides. It is completely natural product and as such is an accepted feed ingredient. Its algines stimulate the active uptake and transfer of oxygen across cell membranes, allowing the cells to work at a higher metabolic rate, thereby enabling them to perform their role more effectively. Much of the early work was conducted on crab, cray fish and lobster but subsequent research on shrimps and prawn has shown that the basic mechanism also operate within the Penaeid and sergestid shrimp. In this study, Ergosan (Schering-plough Aquaculture) used to investigate its effect on the shrimp immunity, expecting that by enhancing the shrimp immunity, the resultant increase in the growth of the shrimps fed by Ergosan to the other group that is not treated by Ergosan, is more rapid and they weigh more. To achieve this goal, four different groups of shrimps each were fed separately. One group was fed by Ergosan, another by Ergosan and Vibromax (Schering-Plough aquaculture), the third one by Vibromax and the last group as the control. The result of this study showed that the highest amount of survival and growth were obsevered in the first group fed by Ergosan and the second group showed a lower amount of survival and growth, while the control group had yet lower results and finally the third group fed only by Vibromax showed the lowest amount of survival and growth. P120- PRIMARY DERMAL IRRITABILITY TEST TO HERBAL PRODUCTS OF DERMATOLOGICAL USE Valls ARa, Iglesias Ea , Ferrandiz Da, Turiño Ja, Batista Ja aMedical University "Carlos J. Finlay". Carretera Central Oeste s/n Apdo 144. Camagüey. Cuba E-mail: [email protected] The herbal medicines are widely used by the population many centuries ago behind and they have a considerable importance in the international commerce. To register the product on the market, the toxicological studies play an important role to evaluate the safety of the product. The toxicological study was realized in the Unit of Experimental Toxicology of Camagüey to detect the signs and symptoms of the Dermal Primary Irritation of three natural products of dermatological use: fluid extract of Pinus caribacea, a cream prepared from the watery extract of peloides (Pel - Real 1) and another cream from waters mothers with minerals (Pel - Real 2). For the execution of this study three albino hybrid males rabbits were used for each product, whose weight oscillated among 2- 2,5 Kg and 3 months of age. The products were utilized according to the dosage reported in the Dispensarial Therapeutic Guide of Fitofarmacos and Apifarmacos. Each product was applied in only one dose of 0.5 ml or 0.5 g in each place to evaluate during four hours. The evaluations were carried out at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours using the scale Draize. It was calculated for each product the Index of Dermal Primary Irritability (DPI), which oscillated between 0 to 0.4 and the innocuous of the products was corroborated after negative results were obtained in the formation of edemas and erythemas. Finally, we concluded that the products are not irritating. According to the potential use of these natural products can be approved for its use in external applications of the skin.





130

P121- DERMAL AND OPHTHALMIC IRRITABILITY OF THE CREAM OF ONION TO 25% Ramírez K, Puente E, Betancourt J, Mora Y Center of Toxicology and Biomedical. TOXIMED. Freeway National Km 1.5, Santiago de Cuba. Cuba E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] The toxicological evaluation of the substances for all the proposed uses, especially the topic, the determination of the irritating potential of the skin and the eyes, it constitutes an initial step, this will allow to determine if the substance will produce prejudicial effect or not when contacting this structures and therefore to accept or to reject the proposed use of the new product. The Dermal and Ophthalmic Irritability of the onion cream was evaluated, where the results were evaluated ace it indicates the Methodology of the OECD No. 405 and 404, being carried out the calculation for him method validated by Draize in 1944 and you limit them of Acceptance or Rejection settled down by Gastón and col. in the event of the Ophthalmic Irritability. This product was proposed as a medication of use topic and in mucous, with diverse pharmacological actions, as anti-inflammatory, antimicotic and antitumoral. The Index of primary, ophthalmic and dermal irritation was of (0). In the study, anatomo-pathological alterations of diagnostic it valued were not evidenced, for what the studied product is to not be Irritating, according to the methodologies and species animal employee. P122- CYP ENZYME INHIBITION BY Echinacea AND ITS ALKAMIDES – IS IT CLINICALLY RELEVANT? Modarai M1, Gertsch J2, Suter A3, Heinrich M1, Kortenkamp A1 1The School of Pharmacy University of London29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX United Kingdom. 2Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Office HCI H494.4 , Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland. 3Bioforce AG, 9325 Roggwil, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] Echinacea preparations are one of the best selling herbal medicinal products (HMPs) with a well established therapeutic use in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and other minor conditions. Their use is increasing, but information regarding possible interactions with other medicines is scarce. Many of these interactions occur via induction or inhibition of the CYP P450 enzyme system. The cytochrome P450s are a superfamily of membrane-bound, haeme-thiolate proteins, which are principally responsible for phase 1 oxidative metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics and endobiotics (e.g. steroids, fatty acids, retinoids, eicosanoids, vitamins, cholesterol and prostaglandins).The objective was to analyse the inhibitory potential of the standardised Echinacea extract (Echinaforce®) and two alkamides:dodeca 2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z tetranoic acid isobutylamide (TAI) and dodeca 2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide (DAI) on single baculovirus expressed Cytochrome P450 isoforms – CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 as stipulated by the German regulatory authority BfArM (Bundesinstitut fur Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte) (1). In a modified fluorometric 96-well plate assay enzyme activity was measured by detecting the fluorescent metabolite produced from the reaction of the substrate with the CYPs (2). The substrates used were7-Benzyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (BFC) (CYP3A4), 3-Cyano-7-EthoxyCoumarin (CEC) (CYP1A2, CYP2C19) and 3-(2-N, N-diethyl-N-methylaminoethyl)-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (AMMC) (CYP2D6). Control reactions were also set up to account for intrinsic fluorescence of the extract and the effect of ethanol on the enzyme. Both the extract and the individual alkamides showed moderate inhibitory activity against CYP enzymes, but these effects are unlikely at the doses of Echinaforce® normally encountered in clinical setting (Table). The inhibitory potency of the extract cannot be explained entirely in terms of its alkamide content, particularly since both alkamides showed no inhibition of CYP1A2, which is nevertheless inhibited by the extract.The lowest IC50 value recorded in our study was 1.96µg/ml for TAI. Based upon a recent bioavailability study, these values would be 4900 folds higher than the anticipated maximal concentration in hepatocytes, assuming that there are no potential loses of the alkamide via distribution, uptake etc (3). With these IC50 values it is unlikely that inhibitory concentrations will be reached within the liver. Acknowledgements: This project is sponsored by Bioforce, UK. References: 1. http://www.bfarm.de/cln_042/nn_424630/DE/Arzneimittel/besTherap/amPflanz/ampflanz-node.html 2. Crespi et al. (1997) Analytical Biochemistry 248: 190-193. 3. Bauer et al. (2005) Presentation,AGA conference, Florence.





131

P123- OZONETHERAPY REDUCES TNF-ALPHA LEVELS IN SERUM AND LUNG MYELOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN LPS- INDUCED ENDOTOXIC SHOCK IN MICE Zamora Z1 , Borrego A1, Sanchez C2, Delgado R2, González R1 , Menendez S1, Hernández F 1 and Schulz S3 1Department of Biomedicine, Ozone Research Center, (National Center for Scientific Research) P.O.Box 6414, Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] 2Department Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. O. Box 16042, Havana, Cuba. 3Veterinary Services and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany. The molecular basis of events leading to the adverse and sometimes lethal outcome of sepsis has not been fully elucidated. Cytokines are undoubtedly involved in these processes, with the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and others playing a pivotal role. Ozonetherapy exerts a beneficial effect in lethal polimicrobial sepsis in rats because it increased animal survival and protected them against death. Tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine greatly involved in the pathophysiological changes associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, including septic shock, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and the respiratory distress syndrome. This study investigates whether Ozonetherapy can modulate the release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitricc oxide (NO) levels in mouse serum as well as Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung as indicators of inflammation in endotoxic shock induced by lipopolysacharide in mice. LPS doses of 30 mg kg-1 were used. Pretreatment with ozone/oxygen mixture was administered intraperitoneally (0.2, 0.4 and 1.2 mg kg -1) once daily during five days before LPS injection (30 mg kg-1 i.p). TNF-α was measured by cytotoxicity on L-929 cells and NO was measured by the Griess reaction and MPO was determined in lung twenty four hours after LPS injection (30 mg kg -1). Ozone/oxygen mixture reduced TNF-α levels in serum in a dose-dependent manner. Statistically significant decreases in TNF-α levels after LPS injection were observed with ozone intraperitoneal applications at 0.2 (47.10 %), 0.4 (61.85 %) and 1.2 (82.19 %) mgkg-1. MPO activity was significantly reduced in lung after LPS administration to the animals pretreated with Ozone/oxygen mixture independently of the doses used even NO levels in serum were reduced significantly by OOP. Our results demonstrated the inhibitory effects on TNF-α release an NO levels in mice sera and a reduction of neutrophil infiltration in lung tissue. Ozone administration by i.p route exerts beneficial effects in this experimental model of endotoxic shock. P124- OZONIZED SUNFLOWER OIL (OSO) REDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS González Ra, Zamora Za, Guanche Da, Merino Nb, Menéndez Sa, Hernández Fa, Alonso Ya and Schulz Sc

aLaboratory of Biological Assays, Department of Biomedical Research, Ozone Research Center. P. O. Box 6414, Havana, Cuba. b Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. O. Box 16042, Havana, Cuba. c Veterinary Services and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany. E mail: [email protected] Ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) for oral application (Oleozon ®) is a registered drug that is obtained from the reaction between ozone and sunflower oil under appropriate conditions according to a process developed in our center. OSO has shown antimicrobial effects against virus, bacteria and fungi (Sechi et al 2001). In addition, preclinical toxicological studies with OSO have demonstrated that this drug is safe and no genotoxic (Remigio et al 1998). This study was carried out in order to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) in the damage of rat gastric mucosa induced by indomethacin and also to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and some constituents of antioxidant defense such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in these effects. The gastric damage was induced by indomethacin (20 mg Kg -1) as solution in 0,5 % sodium bicarbonate and given intragastrically. Three hours later OSO (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mL) per animal and cimetidine 25 mg Kg -1 were administered also by oral route. Three hours thereafter the rats were killed and the stomachs were removed for biochemical analysis and histological study. The gastric ulcer index was reduced by OSO and cimetidine. OSO also reduced TBARS concentracion, but it increased SOD activity in gastric mucosa homogenates. In contrast CAT activity was not significantly modified with the treatment. Histological study confirmed the cytoprotective effects of OSO in rat gastric mucosa damaged by indomethacin. It was concluded that cytoprotective effects of OSO in rat gastric mucosa is mediated at least partially by increase of SOD activity and reduction of lipid peroxidation.





132

References: 1. Sechi, L. A., Lezcano, I., Nuñez, N., Espino, M. (2001) Antibacterial activity of ozonized sunflower oil (OLEOZON). J. Appl. Microbiol. 90: 279-281. 2. Remigio, A., González, Y., Zamora, Z., Moleiro, J. (1998) Evaluación genotóxico del OLEOZON por el ensayo de micronúcleos en medula ósea y sangre periférica de ratón. Revista CENIC, Ciencias Biológicas. 28: 200-202 P125- ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF OZONE IN CHILDREN WITH IMPETIGO Ruiz H, Ramos L, Abreu MC, Crespo N, González A, Ulloa F, León O ”José Martí Pérez” Provincial Paediatric Hospital. Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] An open controlled randomized clinical study was made in children diagnosed with impetigo, coming from the dermatology services of “José Martí Pérez” Provincial Paediatric Hospital of the city of Sancti Spiritus in the period from December of 2003 to July of 2004, with the aims of assessing the efficacy and safety of ozonized oil in the treatment of impetigo. 14 children of both genres under 14 years of age, whose parents accepted their consent to participate, were included in the study. A clinical and bacteriological diagnosis was made as a method of confirming the disease. Children over 14 years of age, those who received previous treatments with antimicrobials, immunosupressors or vaccines against different bacteria were excluded. In the damaged areas of the skin a topical ambulatory treatment with mupirocine (control group) or ozonized oil was applied for 10 days with an initial assessment, an intermediate one after 5 days, and a final one after the treatment was completed. A clinical and bacteriological assessment was made. The most frequently isolated germs were staphylococci and streptococci. 2 patients withdrew the treatment in the study group, with a moderate adverse event being reported in one case; therefore we consider that ozonized oil is effective and safe as an adequate therapy in the management of patients with impetigo. P126- ACUTE ULCEROUS NECROTIZING GINGIVITIS (AUNG). AN ALTERNATIVE OF TREATMENT WITH OZONIZED OIL Ruiz H, Ramos L, Arftiles A, León O, Benítez I “Camilo Cienfuegos” University Hospital. Bartolomé Massó s/n PC: 60 100, Sancti Spíritus. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] An open controlled randomized clinical trial was made to assess the efficacy and safety of ozonized oil (oleozon) in the treatment of AUNG in patients coming from the periodontology consult of the odontology services of “Camilo Cienfuegos” University Hospital, in the period from January of 2003 to December of 2005. 40 patients of both genders, over 18 years of age, who gave their written consent to participate, were included. Patients of chronic diseases were excluded as well as those with mental impairments, pregnant women, and those who had used chemotherapy or immunosupressor drugs at least 15 days prior to the inclusion in the study group, in a topical way for 7 days, with an intermediate clinical assessment on the third day, and a final assessment one day after the completion of the treatment. Clinical symptoms such as pain, halitosis, gingival bleeding and inflammation were assessed. No significant differences were reported between both treatments as to healing, though a tendency to clinical improvement was seen in the group that used oleozon. Mild adverse reactions were reported in three patients who used sodium perborate, but not with those who used oleozon, which shows the safety of this product in the treatment of AUNG. We consider that ozonized oil is a useful and safe therapeutical alternative in patients with AUNG.





133

P127- BEHAVIOR OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT TREATED WITH PROPOLIS Bermúdez Ia, Reyes Ia Frómeta Vb y Suárez Cc

aUniversity of Oriente. Faculty of Natural Sciences. Department of Pharmacy. Patricio Lumumba s/n. bJoaquín Castillo Duany Hospital. cSaturnino Lora Provincial Hospital. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The chemical composition of propolis varies with the geographical region and according to the vegetation. The Cuban propolis, collected in the Manzanillo area, Granma province, has benzophenone polyprenilate as a major constituent which accounts for its antioxidant activity. The use of propolis in traditional medicine and its demonstrated antioxidant properties encouraged the Pharmacy Department of the Oriente University in 1992 to elaborate a cream with propolis collected in the Manzanillo area to make its clinical use easy and to study the effects of the propolis on the oxidative stress of patients with diabetic foot. Material and methods: The investigation was carried out on 120 patients with diabetic foot and 60 healthy subjects with age, sex and race similar to the sample of the population. Serum samples were collected, before and after of the treatment and the samples were assayed for the determination in serum of glucose levels, fructosamine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total hydroperoxides, non-protein sulfhydryl group and albumin. Results: The results demonstrate that the propolis from Manzanillo has regulator effect over the redox status because these patients show a susceptibility to the lipid peroxidation under of 2460±6,22 nmol/L, an antioxidant capacity greater than 66,2±10,2% with low levels of total hydroperoxides (<187±14,3 µmol/L) and catalase that overtook the normal value taken as reference (1000±12,5 U/L/min) and high levels of superoxide dismutase (>1460±0,14 U/L/min). The non-protein sulfhydryl groups and the albumin showed an increase compared with the group treated with habitual therapy and the control group (healthy subjects). Conclusions: This behavior permits to affirm that the propolis from Manzanillo protects from the oxidative stress aside from the fact that it also avoids the oxidation of important functionally group from the proteins and enzymes. P128- EFFECT OF THE CUBAN PROPOLIS COLLECTED IN MANZANILLO AREA ON THE WOUNDS HEALING IN RATS Bermúdez Ia, García GSb, Piloto AAb , Pérez YFb y Valdivieso AGb

aUniversity of Oriente. Natural Sciences Faculty. Pharmacy Department. Patricio Lumumba s/n. Santiago of Cuba, Cuba. bBiological Evaluation and Investigation Center. University of Havana. Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The use of propolis for the treatment of wounds has been reported by several European authors. Recent evidence suggests that propolis induce epidermal cell maturation and the growth of the granulation tissue. Besides this substance form a thin skin that protects the surface of the wound. The necessity of to evaluate the effect on the wounds healing of the Cuban propolis collected in Manzanillo area was the aim of this work. Material and methods: Forty Sprage Dawley rats, (CENPALAB; CUBA), twenty female and twenty male were used in the study. Nine millimetres-diameter, skin wounds were practiced on the external side of the right upper hind limb with a skin biotome (Acu, Acuderm Inc, USA) in aseptic conditions. Rats were distributed among 4 experimental groups of 10 animals each on. In every animal two wounds were medicated with 10% propolis cream and 1% silver sulfadiazine respectively, one with the base of the formulation and another was the non-medicated control. Wounded tissue was harvested on day 5 and day 8, and used for histological examination and morphometric studies with computerized-assisted. Results: Propolis cream treated wounds had a total re-epithelization of 60%. It was significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) to the others. Similarly, these wounds had the largest rate of epithelial linear ingrowths and the lowest values of wound perimeter. (p < 0,05). Dermis reconstitution was stimulated in the propolis cream treated wounds but it wasn’t significantly improved with respect to the non-medicated control. Inflammatory infiltrate was reduced in propolis cream treated wounds, and showed a quickly highest fibrovascular reaction compared to the others. Conclusions: The propolis cream help to the wound healing but no accelerate this process.





134

P129- USE OF THE PROPOLIS CREAM 10% IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH Candida IN VULVA AND VAGINA López Ma, Jiménez Ib, Santos Mc aMunicipal Main Pharmacy #691, Fructuoso Rodríguez #114A, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53000. Cuba. bFamily Medical Clinic #9. Martí 121. Santo Domingo. Villa Clara. PC 53000. Cuba. cMarta Abreu of Las Villas University, Camajuaní Road, Km 5½ Santa Clara, Villa Clara, PC 54830 Cuba. E-mail: [email protected],cu, [email protected] In the medical practice the vaginal infections represent a problem of health, it is said that approximately 95% of the patients is consulted by vaginal flow. Among these infections the Candida in vulva-vagina is one of the most frequent; with the drugs used for their treatment, adverse reactions that bear to the abandonment of the treatment in occasions can appear. Keeping in mind that exposed previously, as well as the therapeutic possibilities of the propolis, their low cost and easy acquisition in pharmacy, we decide to use them in the treatment of 63 women with Candida that went to the family medical clinic #9, belonging to the health area of the Policlinic "Manuel Piti Fajardo" of Santo Domingo, in the understood period of December of 2005 until May of 2006. The diagnosis was carried out for anamnesis and physical exam and to all they were indicated hydrophilic cream of propolis 10% in deep vaginal application, twice a day during 10 days. Clinical - gynecological pursuit was given for 15 days. Of the total of the sample, in 58 patients (92.1%) all the signs and symptoms referred initially disappeared, 4 remained equally and one abandoned the treatment. With this bee-drug a high % of effectiveness was achieved, they diminished the treatment costs for patient and undesirable effects were not reported. P130- In vitro ACTIVITY OF PROPOAROMIEL AGAINST Candida sp. Fidalgo O, Almora E, Lago V Instituto de Investigación - Producción de Vacunas y Sueros ¨ Carlos J. Finlay¨. Ave 27 No.19805, La Lisa, Ap.16017. Cod. 11600. La Habana, Cuba. Fax: 208-60-75. E mail: [email protected]

Introduction: Propoaromiel is a pharmaceutical product containing honey, propolis and essentials oils. Due to the wide range of biological properties so this product possesses this product has, it can be considered for therapeutic purposes. For this reason, in this present paper evaluates its sensivity in vitro on 27 strains of Candida sp. Material and Methods: The antifungical activity was determinated by using of the dilution method in solid medium. The plates were incubated for 24-48 hours at 37ºC and the results were evaluated according to the growing of the microorganism in the dilution. Results: This product inhibited the growth of isolates and the reference strain showing a 92% of effectiveness until a 1/8 dilution.Conclusions: So, we can assure that Propoaromiel has antifungical propiertes against Candida sp. P131- ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY OF Candida albicans TREATED WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND ITS MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION Mello AM, Silva LG, Resende SL, Alves JB; Cortes ME, Schwambach CW, Abreu SRL, Santos VR Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Dentistry School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Email: [email protected] Oral candidiasis is often present in world population. Germ tube represents the virulence factor in Candida albicans infection of the host oral mucosa epithelial cells. Recent studies have shown that propolis has appreciable in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Brazilian Green Propolis (BGP) necessary to inhibit in vitro germ tube formation, and to verify C. albicans cell morphology changes after the treatment. Green Propolis was collected from the honey bee Apis mellifera in Southweastern of Brazil, origin of Baccharis dracunculifolia. The 20% ethanolic propolis extract, used in this study, was obtained by PharmaNéctar®, Brazil. Samples of C. albicans (ATCC 18804) had been displayed in different concentrations of BGP. The MIC was disposed against the yeast by using microdilution test. The starting inoculum





135

was 1.0 x 106 UFC/mL. The BGP anti- germ tube formation activity was studied by using foetal calf serum incubated at 37ºC during 2h. MICs were recorded after 48h of incubation using RPMI Medium (Sigma). Nystatin (Sigma) and C. glabrata (ATCC 2001) were used as the control. The BGP MIC observed were 0.03µg/mL and 0.10µg/mL for BGP and Nistatyn, respectively. The light microscopy demonstrated that BGP had antifungal activity and inhibited the germ tube formation on these studied concentrations. Analysis of the ultraestructure of the yeast cells revealed changes on cells walls. The positive results suggest that the Brazilian Green Propolis should be further tested as an alternative therapy of infectious conditions of the oral cavity, such candidiasis and denture stomatitis. Supported by Brazilian Government: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), PharmaNéctar®. P132- PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT WITH BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS GEL Amaral RRC, Rocha WMS, Abreu SRL, Santos VR Department of Clinic Pathology and Surgery. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Email: [email protected] Propolis has been exhibits in vitro antimicrobial properties against periodontal pathogens microorganisms. The aim of this study was to observe the Brazilian Green Propolis gel (BGP) eficacy treatment in patients with gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis (CP). Four patients, 1 male and 3 females, 36, 42,46, 51 years old age, presented rooth calculus , gingivitis, oedema, bleeding, gingival recession, pocket depths, attachment loss, suppuration, tooth mobility and alveolar bone loss was submitted at BGP 15% treatment . The patients` mouths were divided in four quadrants. Superior Right (SD) - BGP irrigation; Superior Left (SL) – scraping/ smoothing dental root (RAR) and pocket depths BGP irrigation; Inferior Right (IR) - RAR; Inferior Left (IL) - was the control. Dental brushing with BGP and washing mouth with propolis solution daily was carried through during the treatment. BGP was applied in each periodontal pocket 1 time week, during 5 weeks, having used barren dismissible syringe. The results shown a regression of 95% gingivitis and suppuration in all the teeth irrigated with BGP, as well as a pocket depths reduction in all unsubmitted and submitted teeth previously to the RAR. Do not observe alveolar bone reorganization. It was observed an increase of gingival contraction and dental mobility reduction. In this clinic study, the patient treated with the BGP showed periodontitis/gingivitis regression. It means that the 10% BGP used, in the therapeutic method assigned in this research is effective in the treatment of Chronic Periodontitis. The propolis gel efficacy in periodontitis treatment is Public Health of great interest in Brazil. Other studies with significant number patients are necessary for statistical analysis confirmation of these results. Acknowledgments: Dentistry Studies Centre IPSEMG/ PharmaNéctar® P133- SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI TO BRAZILIAN GREEN PROPOLIS EXTRACT de Paula MB1, Santiago WK1, Dias SMD1, Cortés ME1, Dias RS2, Santos VR1 1Laboratory of Microbiology and Biomaterials, Dentistry Schooll, Minas Gerais Federal University, 2Food Microbiology Laboratory, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Email: [email protected]

The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extract and fractions of Brazilian green propolis (BGP) collected by bees from Baccharis dracunculifolia against 16 oral pathogens microorganisms. BGP was examinated by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC). BGP was measured the absorption spectra using UV-Spectrophotometer. Identification of flavonoids and other chemical constituents were carriede out using authentic standards. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion and agar dilution method. Obtained results indicate that all microorganisms demonstrated sensible to BGP. None of the essayed fractions coumaric acid, kaempferol, pinobanskin-3-acetate, chrysin, galangin, kaempferide, and artepillin C was more active than the extract.





136

P134- ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A PROPOLIS ADHESIVE FORMULATION ON DIFFERENT ORAL PATHOGENS Gomes RT, Teixeira KIR, Cortés ME, Abreu SRL, Santos VR Laboratory of Microbiology and Biomaterials-Clinic, Pathology and Surgery Department. Restorative Dentistry Department, Dentistry School,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees and exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity. A successful topical treatment of oral diseases is difficulted, particulary, for the constant flow of saliva. A few relevant studies have been carried on a new therapy against bacteria and moulds in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of seven oral pathogens by a new propolis adhesive formulation. Brazilian Green Propolis (BGP) was supplied by PharmaNectar® (Brazil). Propolis was solubilized in ethanol 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and it was mixed with a polysorbate 20 (0.374%) solution in propyleneglycol (0.15% w/v). Hydroxymethylpropyl cellulose polymer was dissolved at 3% w/v in water. Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelli, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans susceptibility test was performed by agar diffusion according NCCLS. A 0.1 mL aliquot of bacteria strains cultures in BHI broth corresponding to 0.5 turbidity on the McFarland scale, was plated onto Mueller Hinton agar and incubated at 37ºC in C02 atmosphere. Candida spp was incubated in Sabouraud dextrose medium at 37ºC. Tetraciclyn and nystatin were used as positive control. 5x3mm diameter height polypropylene rings were filled with 150 µl of the formulated ointment. Sterile pure ointment was used as negative control. The diameters of inhibition zones were measured after 48, 72 hours and 7 days of incubation. The results were reported as M±SD and compared with nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. The propolis ointment showed antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. It is important to remember that in vitro tests do not reflect the real conditions found in the oral cavity. The antimicrobial action observed in this new propolis formulation suggests its use as an alternative adjuvant therapy for infectious conditions of the oral cavity, such as denture stomatitis, periodontitis, odontogenic abscesses or actinomycosis. Supported by Brazilian Government: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and PharmaNéctar® P135- STIMULATION OF HEMATOPOIESIS BY A WATER-SOLUBLE DERIVATIVE OF PROPOLIS IN MICE Oršolić N, Tadić Z, Benković V, Horvat Knežević A, Lisičić D, Bašić I Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia We have investigated the effect of a water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) on hematopoiesis of CBA mice using exogenous spleen colony assay (CFUs assay). Given perorally (po) 50 mg / kg to mice for 20 consecutive days WSDP increased the number of exogenous CFUs as compared to control. WSDP given either for 20 or 40 days elevated the number of cells in hematopoietic tissue and increased the number of leucocytes in peripheral blood; prolonged treatment with WSDP also elevated histological appearance of myeloid and megakaryocytic types of CFUs. P136- RESVERATROL ALLEVIATES IFOSFAMIDE-INDUCED URINARY TOXICITY IN RATS Göksel Ş1, Özer S1, Abdullah S2, Velioğlu-Ogunc A3, Cetinel S4, Gedik N5, Yeğen BÇ6 1Marmara University, 1School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey, 2USC School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Columbia SC, USA, 3Marmara University, Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Istanbul, Turkey, 4Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology- Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey, 5Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey, 6Kasımpasa Military Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey. Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin present in grapes, peanuts, mulberries and red wine, has various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory properties, modulation of lipid metabolism and prevention of cancer. Ifosfamide





137

(IFO), an antineoplastic drug used to treat a wide range of tumors in both adults and children, is known to induce urinary toxicity. To elucidate the possible protective effect of resveratrol on IFO-induced toxicity, Wistar albino rats were injected intraperioneally for 5 days with either saline, IFO (50 mg/kg/day), resveratrol (RVT; 10 mg/kg/day) or IFO + RVT. On the 5th day, animals were decapitated and trunk blood was collected. Kidneys were obtained for biochemical and histological analysis. The results demonstrated that IFO-induced increased serum creatinine and urea levels, while RVT markedly ameliorated the severity of renal dysfunction induced by IFO. IFO-induced increases in malondialdehyde levels, myeloperoxidase activity and collagen content in the kidneys (p<0.01-0.001) were accompanied by a reduction in glutathione levels. However, in the RVT treated IFO group, all of these oxidant responses were prevented significantly (p<0.05-p<0.01). Our results suggest that IFO–induced oxidative damage in the renal tissue is alleviated by resveratrol through its antioxidant effects. The therapeutic potential of resveratrol as a “tissue injury-limiting agent” must be further elucidated in anti-neoplastic drug-induced oxidative injuries. P137- EFECTO DE Coriandrum sativum (CILANTRO) EN RATAS INTOXICADAS CON PLOMO González-Hernández S, Narro-Juárez A, González-Ramírez D Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología del Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. 2 de Abril y San Luis Potosí, Col. Independencia. Monterrey, N.L. México. E-mail: [email protected] Coriandrum sativum (cilantro) es usado en la medicina natural tradicional como anticonvulsivo, antihiperglicémico, antihiperlipidémico, y se ha sugerido una acción quelante de metales pesados. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los posibles efectos de una solución preparada a base de partes aéreas de C. sativum en ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas intoxicadas con plomo (Pb). Se formó el grupo: 1 control (recibió solo agua destilada); 2 (unicamente Pb), 3 (Pb + C. sativum); 4 control positivo (DMSA, ácido meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccínico en dosis de 30 mg/kg/día/5 días). Se administró nitrato de Pb (0.2%/vía oral/4 semanas). Una semana después de suspender el Pb recibieron la solución de C. sativum por vía oral durante 5 días. Se registró peso corporal, volumen de orina, se determinó Pb (Pb-U) y ácido �-aminolevulínico (ALA-U) urinario, Pb en sangre (Pb-S) y análisis bioquímico. No apreciándose cambios significativos en el crecimiento ponderal y volumen de orina. No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa en la eliminación de Pb-U y la concentración de Pb-S en el grupo 3 con respecto al grupo 2 pero sí se mostró una disminución significativa en la eliminación de ALA-U. En los análisis bioquímicos, se apreció una disminución de la creatinina sérica en el grupo 2 siendo diferente significativamente con respecto al grupo 3. En el presente estudio pudimos observar el efecto de C. sativum en comparación con el DMSA sin asegurar su acción quelante, sin embargo, existe una modificación en la eliminación de ALA que es un indicador importante de la acción tóxica del Pb. P138- In vitro CULTURE OF Morinda royoc L., Psidium guajava L. var “EEA18-40” AND Morus alba L. var “Criolla” FOR OBTENTION OF SOME THERAPEUTICALLY INTERESTING SECONDARY METABOLITES Capote A1, Pérez N1, Pérez A1, Barbón R1, Salas E1, Wilken D2, Gerth A2, Müller-Kuhrt L3 and Jiménez E1 1Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. 2BioPlanta GmbH, Leipzig, Alemania. 3AnalytiCon Discoveries GmbH, Postdam, Alemania. The plants cell and tissue in vitro culture are one of the alternatives for the identification of new compounds or to already increase the production of compound well-known that are utility for the humanity. The aim of this work was to produce biomass of Morinda royoc L, Psidium guajava L var "EEA18-40" and Morus alba L var “Criolla” species using different regeneration systems to determine the profile of metabolites production in the biomass cultivated in vitro and plants in field by means of the combined techniques of liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometer. In all the species the content of water was bigger in the vegetable material obtained in the in vitro culture systems compare with the biomass obtained from fields and green house plants. In Morinda royoc the shoots culture was the in vitro culture system more feasible for the production of biomass with bigger content of dry matter compared with cells and callus system. In all the species the yields of the extracts were always bigger in the in vitro culture systems in comparison with those obtained from field or green house plants It was bigger as the differentiation was smaller (shoots, callus





138

and cells suspension). In Morinda royoc the widest spectrum of compound was obtained in the callus and cells suspension in comparison with the samples of leaves of green house plants and shoots in vitro culture. In this species the profiles of compounds detected in green house plants and shoots in vitro culture were similar, while in Psidium guajava and Morus alba the expression profiles between samples of leaves from field plants and shoots in vitro culture were different, which demonstrate that each genotype reacts in way different to the in vitro culture and therefore the compounds that are synthesized as answer to these abnormally conditions of growth are different. It was demonstrated that the in vitro culture is a potential source for the identification and production of new compounds. P139- TEMPORARY IMMERSION: A VALUABLE OPTION FOR CARDIOTONIC GLYCOSIDES PRODUCTION OF Digitalis purpurea L. Pérez N1, Jiménez E1, Capote A1, Wilken D2, Gerth A2, Jähn A3, Nitzsche H-M3, Kerns G4 1Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas. Universidad Central de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní Km5,5. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. 2 BioPlanta GmbH. Deutscher Platz 5. 04103 Leipzig, Germany. 3Instituto de Química no Clásica. Universidad de Leipzig. Permosestraße 5, Leipzig, Germany. 4Instituto de Sajonia para la Biotecnología Aplicada. Universidad de Leipzig. Permosestraße 5, Leipzig, Germany. Email: [email protected] Digitalis purpurea, is an example of cardiotonic drug. Digoxin and digitoxin are glycosides produced by this plant which are cardiac stimulants with a wide use in the treatment of heart problems. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of temporary immersion on biomass production and the content of cardiotonic glycosides (digitoxin and digoxin), determined by Liquid Cromatography. Biomass production was favoured by increasing the frequency of immersions. The highest value of fresh weight (106.2 g) and lower percentage of hyperhydricity (27 %) were obtained with immersions of 2 minutes every 4 hours. The content of digoxin was always lower than digitoxin. However, the concentration of digoxin increases with immersions every 4 and 3 hours, while the accumulation of digitoxin was stable in all treatments. The effect of temporary immersion on glycosides accumulation in shoots of Digitalis purpurea presented in this paper has not been described in the literature till now. P140- COMMUNITY EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Melaleuca quinquenervia (CAYEPUT), AN INTEGRATED FOCUS, AN ECOLOGICAL-MEDICAL SOLUTION (PROJECT BEHIQUE) Abuín A1, Lobato O2, Prado G3, Chateloin T4, Fernández F2, Boan M1, Torrientes D1, Guevara E1, Bacallao M1, Victores O1, Gonzáles R1, Pensado L1, Oliva M1 1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas Juan Guiteras Gener. 2Universidad de Matanzas Camilo Cienfuegos. 3Instituto Finlay. 4Empresa Municipal Agropecuaria (E.M.A.) Victoria de Girón, Matanzas, Cuba Essential oils are phytocomplex substances with low point of vaporization that are characterized themselves for their smell, oily appearance and facility to volatilize at room temperature. Some families of plants contain many aromatic sorts like the Lauraceae, Umbeliferae, Pinaceae, Asteraceae and Mirtaceae. In this last family, we find a plant with important pharmacologic applications, the cayeput (Melaleuca spp.). By trawling steam distillation essential oil with prospective investigating and quality control objectives (with portable team DELUXE) are obtained, in order to conclude the studies of security and therapeutic effectiveness for its posterior record that the use in humans certifies. BEHIQUE project proposes a program of extraction with communal ecological and human gain of cayeput's essential oil (M. quinquenervia) to a high stepladder. This natural product is an oily yellow browned liquid, obtained of Melaleuca's leaves and branches. It has been shown that has antibiotic and wide-reaching anti-mycotic properties. Inclusive formulations of essential oil with high request exist on the international market. An abundant population of cayeput that can be characterized biochemically with two chemotypes meets at Zapata's Marsh: A ) viridiflorole + globulol and B ) 1.8 cineole (eucalyptol) + terpinolene + terpinen 4 ol. Pharmacological characterizations and clinical implications by each chemotypes are considered. We discus the extent bibliography related to identity tests; microbiological, chemical assay, pesticide residues, radioactive residues purity tests; Major chemical constituents; Medicinal uses supported by clinical data, described in pharmacopoeias and traditional systems of medicine, and folk medicine not supported by experimental or clinical data; Other data like experimental pharmacology; toxicology and clinical pharmacology; contraindication; warnings; precautions; adverse reactions; dosage forms and posology are





139

also defined. The set-up proposed of community short industry of essential oils, in the reserve of the biosphere of the Marsh of Zapata, would be able to contribute the sustainable development of nature and human community in that inhabits place, when generating healthy sources of job, attractive in consonance with the ecosystem with a simple pharmacological point of view intervention. Besides will be a form of rational Melaleuca control, than at the region is considers like invader because displacing the indigenous flora. Additionally, by this means may resolve him with endogenous resources important problems of health, like respiratory infections and cutaneous mycosis that cover an important morbility in communities with Zapata's Marsh so that intervention will have an impact in many aspects of integral and global health of the Wetland. P141- DETECTION OF PICEATANNOL, PTEROSTILBENE AND 3’-HYDROXY-PTEROSTILBENE IN NATURAL PRODUCTS Crosta La, Grippi Fa, Curione Aa, Tolomeo Mb, Aiello Ga, D’Amico Ra, Oliveri Fa, Gebbia Na aCo.Ri.Bi.A. (Consorzio di Ricerca sul Rischio Biologico in Agricoltura), Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy. bDipartimento di Ematologia, Policlinico, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy. Stilbene-based compounds are widely represented in nature and have become of particular interest to chemists and biologists because of their wide range of biological activities like prevention of heart disease and cancer. Resveratrol, a stilbene compound present in grapes and other food products. Piceatannol and pterostilbene are two trans-resveratrol-like natural stilbenes endowed with anticancer activity higher than that of resveratrol; however they are not diffused in nature as resveratrol. 3’-hydroxypterostilbene, (3’-hps) is a natural pterostilbene analogue recently isolated from the whole herbs of Sphaerophysa salsula; it is 50-90 times more active as apoptotic agent in neoplastic cells than resveratrol. In this work some Sicilian plants were analyzed by HPLC for the presence of piceatannol, pterostilbene and 3’-hps. We observed that some sicilian grapes were rich of free piceatannol; in these grapes we detected picetannol concentrations ranging from 0.18 ± 0.25 to 22.97 ± 3.01 mg/Kg. In 250 samples of grapes analyzed, pterostilbene and 3’-hps were detected only two grapes of Nero d’Avola variety. Sicilian pistachios is a nut containing high concentration of resveratrol ranged from 6.38 to 8.27 mg/Kg (av = 7.09 ± 0.54 mg/Kg); however, neither pterostilbene nor 3’-hps were detected in twelve different pistachios samples examined. Interestingly, a high amount of pterostilbene and 3’-hpt was detected in propolis. Indeed, in Sicilian propolis the concentration of these compounds is 0.2 µg/mg for pterostilbene and 2.22 µg/mg for 3’-hpt. However, analyzing other samples of propolis from Japan or China, we detected concentrations of pterostilbene and 3’-hps ranging from 0.59 ± 0.05 to 5.06 ± 0.02 µg/mg, and from 6.08 ± 0.08 to 9.46 ± 0.11 µg/mg, respectively. In conclusion, piceatannol is widely rapresented in Sicilian grapes and wines. It was also of interest the detection of high amounts of 3’-hps in propolis, a finding that could explain, at least in part, the benefical effect of propolis for human health. Acknowledgements: The study was financially supported by the Assessorato Agricoltura e Foreste della Regione Sicilian (Italy). P142- CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LONGIPILINE ACETATE Ospina O1, Rojas C1, Vega D2

1Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: [email protected] Longipilin acetate (C23H28O9), was extracted from Frailejón, a Colombian native plant that belongs to the Espeletia species, Espeletia killipii, of the family asteraceae. It grows between 2600 and 3300 m above sea level and previous work has attributed a variety of medicinal properties to it (Torrenegra & Téllez, 1996). The aim of the present work was to provide experimental information about the conformation of a member of the germacranolide family. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution of chloroform/ethanol (1:3 v/v) at room temperature. The X ray data for the crystal of the compound were collected in the Rigaku AFC6S diffractometer using MSC/AFC6S diffractometer control Software for data collection, cell refinement and data reduction. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The molecule contains two non-planar rings, a ten membered ring and a five membered lactone. The five membered lactone ring adopts an envelope conformation, with C7 located 0.459 Å from the C11/C12/O6/C6 mean plane. The methyl ester group is almost planar like the acetoxy





140

substituent at C9. The C9-O9 bond is in an equatorial orientation with the H atom axial. Various substituents around the ten membered rings provide very weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions that determine the molecular folding. P143- NEW MONOGLYCOSIDE FROM Ageratina vacciniaefolia Huertas A1,2, Vega D3, Rodríguez O1, Torrenegra R1, Rodríguez A2 and Rojas C1

1Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. 3Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: [email protected] The Ageratina vacciniaefolia is native plant from Colombia.The plant in found in the Andean Paramos between 2600 and 3300 meters over the level of the sea. Its leaves and inflorescence are used in rural and indigenous medicine and its type of compound present physiological effect as gibberelllic, antitumural and antiinflamatory activities. The plant was collected in the paramo Cruz Verde. It was put under a process of extraction using solvents of polarity increasing, and the substances were isolated by chromatography of column and fine layer. The identification of the substance was made by means of the analysis of NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and point of fusion, optical activity and the behavior of the substances before some chemical reagents. For the determination of the configuration three-dimensional from the substances, monocrystals were obtained using the method of slow evaporation from a solution. The crystallografic parameters and the phases of the structure factor were obtained directly from the intensities of the pattern of x-rays diffraction; the refinement of the models was made using the method of least square. The geometries of the substance they optimized by the autocosistente quantum method based on Hartree Fock, using as electronic bases gaussians functions. The substance was denominated Angehu3 was identified like (-)-(16) - (\beta -glucopiranosiloxil)-17-ol-kauran-19-oico-acid. The unit cell was monoclinic and contains four asymmetric units. It’s packed by hydrogens bonds principally. Among their structural characteristics, it can be mentioned the diclohexans rings like a chair, three of them are formed kauranol group and the other one is asymmetric and belongs to the glucopyranosyl group. P144- IMPACTO DE LA VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL EN LA EFICACIA DE Ugni molinae y Buddleja globosa, ESPECIES NATIVAS CHILENAS Delporte C, Negrete R, Saavedra A, Peredo N, Aguirre MC, Silva X, Erazo S, Miranda HF, Apablaza C, Backhouse N Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Vicuña Mackenna 20, Providencia, Santiago, Chile. Email: [email protected] Introducción: Ugni molinae (Mirtacea, n.v. murtilla) y Buddleja globosa (Buddlejacea, n.v. matico), son especies nativas de Chile y sus hojas son ampliamente utilizadas como antiinflamatorias, analgésicas y cicatrizantes. Con el fin de validar su uso por la medicina folclórica y obtener un extracto estandarizado química y farmacológicamente, se prepararon a partir de sus hojas distintos extractos, y éstos fueron sometidos a evaluaciones de sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y analgésicas tópicas. Para ambas especies, se postula que el porcentaje de principios activos varía dependiendo de la época de recolección de las hojas, lo que modularía las propiedades farmacológicas de los extractos. Metodología: a partir de las hojas se obtuvieron los extractos de hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo y etanol. Del extracto con mayor actividad farmacológica y por un estudio químico bioguiado, se aislaron e identificaron los principios activos. La actividad analgésica tópica fue evaluada por diferentes ensayos: tail flick y el método de la formalina en la cola. La actividad antiinflamatoria vía tópica fue evaluada en ratones a los que se les indujo una inflamación dérmica en la oreja con ácido araquidónico (AA) y 12-decanoilforbol 13-acetato (TPA) (Aguirre et al., 2006). Resultados: Los extractos con efectos analgésicos y antiinflamatorios más significativos, fueron el extracto de acetato de etilo de murtilla y un extracto etanólico purificado de matico. La cuantificación de los principios activos de ambas especies, mostró que éstos varían de acuerdo a la época de recolección de las hojas. Los principios activos del extracto etanólico purificado de matico, fueron los flavonoles y los derivados del ácido cafeico como lo es el verbascósido (metabolito mayoritario del extracto) que se encuentran más elevados en las plantas de verano, no así en las hojas recolectadas en invierno. En relación al extracto de acetato de etilo de murtilla, los compuestos activos son ácidos triterpenos pentaciclícos 2-α-hidroxi como los ácidos asiático, corosólico y alfitólico (Aguirre et al., 2006).





141

Estos triterpenos están en mayor proporción en las hojas recolectadas en otoño, en cambio, la cuantificación de estos triterpenos en las hojas recolectadas en invierno, mostró un menor porcentaje de estos triterpenos. Conclusiones: De los resultados de este estudio, se concluye que es muy importante estandarizar química y farmacológicamente un extracto activo, para el desarrollo de un producto farmacéutico con efectos analgésicos y antiinflamatorios de máxima eficacia. Agradecimientos: proyecto DI, Universidad de Chile Nº MULT 04/22-2 y al Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP) por los animales de experimentación. Referencia: Aguirre M.C., Delporte C., Backhouse N., Erazo S., Letelier M.E., Cassels B.K., Silva X., Alegría S., Negrete R. 2006. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of 2-α- hydroxy pentacyclic triterpene acids from the leaves of Ugni molinae. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry. 14(16): 5673-5677. P145- FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL EFFECT IN RATS OF CUSHURO (Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher)¹ Nunez J², Mendoza A³ ¹Scientific Research Institute. ²Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, ³Associate Professor, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad Nacional de Ancash, Huaraz, Av. Centenario 200, Apt 70, Huaraz, Perú. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: The green-blue algae cushuro (Nostoc Sphaericum vaucher) grow spontaneously in lakes at high altitude and it is a food eaten for native dwellers from Peruvian sierra. Notwithstanding there is no studies whether its consumption is benefit or no. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of its ingestion, in rats eaten at libitum; and the composition of its fatty acid contents. Results: a) The chemical proximal analysis of cushuro was: 98 % water, 0.17 % protein, and the rest are fiber, chlorophyll and others. Chromatographic analysis of fatty acids is the following: Saturated: 14:0, 15:0, 16:0 y 18:0; monounsaturated: 16:1 (cis9), 18:1 (cis9) y 18:1 (cis11); polyunsaturated: 16:2 (cis9,cis12), 18:2 (cis9,cis12) y 18:3 (cis9,cis12,cis15). The plentiful fatty acids are 15:0, 16:0, 16:1 y 18:3. The fatty acids 15:0 and 18:1 (cis11) are uncommon in biology and not important in human diets. b) Weanling rats were feed with a normal standard diet (13.8 % protein and 38 % sugar) with addition 5 % of dry cushuro weight, during two months. They had a significative weight loss (p = 0.000006), a significative excreta production (p = 0.000266) and a moderate increase of water drinking (p = 0.032697) than rats with a standard diet only. The ingestion of solid food was similar in two groups (p = 0.19999). Conclusion: The alga cushuro seem to contain antinutrients in the enough amounts which may influence the weight loose in rats and influence negatively in the nutrient absorption of a normal diet. P146- RECOVERY OF CHITOSAN FROM AQUOUS ACIDIC SOLUTIONS BY SALTING-OUT WITH FOOD-COMPATIBLE ORGANIC SALTS

LeHoux JG, and Dupuis G Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, CANADA, J1H5N4, E-mail: [email protected] Chitosan is a linear biopolymer of partially N-acetylated glucosamine that has found applications in a large number of areas including cosmetics, the food industry and biomedicine. The useful properties of chitosan are related to its molecular size and degree of N-acetylation. This is particularly true of chitosan used as a plasma cholesterol-lowering neutraceutics. However, generating chitosans of defined molecular sizes and recoveries from hydrolysates remain a formidable challenge. Here, we describe a novel and easy-to-use approach based on salting-out to efficiently recover chitosan from aqueous acidic solutions. We show that inorganic salts of the Hofmeister series (SO4

2- > H2PO4- ≅

HPO42- > NO3

-) salted-out chitosans of 30 kiloDaltons (kDa), 240 kDa and a high molecular weight form of the biopolymer dissolved in dilute HCl or acetic acid. Importantly, food-compatible, naturally-occurring, salts of tricarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids could also be used to salt-out chitosan from enzymatic hydrolysates. For instance, trisodium citrate salted-out chitosans of 26,000 Daltons (Da) to ≥ 139,000 Da but was less efficient for 240 kDa and high molecular weight (HMW) forms of chitosan. Sodium malate, tartrate, succinate and malonate were also efficient to salt-out 30 kDa chitosan. Sodium acetate, lactate and propionate were not effective. Temperature (4oC, room temperature or 50oC) had no appreciable effect. Chitosan (30 kDa) salted-out with sodium citrate, tartrate, malate and





142

malonate was generally soluble in a dilute HCl or acetic acid. In conclusion, this technique allows the preparation of food-compatible chitosan that can be used, for example, as a hypercholesterolemic agent. P147- CHRONIC MELATONIN APPLICATION MODIFIES THE CYTOARCHITECTURE OF TESTIS AND DECREASES THE SPERM NUMBER IN WISTAR RAT Gutiérrez-Ruiz J, Granados-Canseco F, Martínez-Esparza C, Velázquez-Paniagua M and Prieto-Gómez B Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México D.F. 04510. Email: [email protected] Melatonin, a pineal hormone has an important role in seasonal reproduction. This indol seems to act at hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and/or gonad tissue level. Nevertheless the exact site of its action is not absolutely clear. The objective of this work is to determine the effect of the chronic application of melatonin in the testicular cytoarchitecture and on the spermatozoa number in the Wistar rat, a nonstational mammal. Transversal sections of the seminiferous tubules from the control rats exhibited an ovoid form with almost similar horizontal and perpendicular axis mean while, the melatonin rats these tubules exhibited a form that resembled a “sausage” and both axis were larger than those in the control animals. Moreover, the melatonin treated rats had a lower number of spermatozoa and a higher number of Leydig cells than control rats. Data indicates that melatonin elicits significant changes in the seminiferous tubules architecture and decreases the number of spermatozoids which could reduce fertility in the Wistar rat. P148- BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF THE ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF THE EXTRACT OF THE AQUATIC PLANT Echinodorus berteroi (SPRENGEL) FASSETT (UPRIGHT BURHEAD) Buznego MT, Pérez-Saad H Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Experimental Neurology, Havana, Cuba, Calles 29 y D, Vedado, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, Postal Code14000. Email: [email protected] Echinodorus berteroi is an aquatic plant found in Central America and the Caribbean to which antiepileptic action has been attributed by folk medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential behavioral and antiepileptic effect of decoctions (1, 5 and 30 %, intraperitoneally) of the dried roots. One and five percent decoctions produced hypoactivity in mice. Hyperactivity induced by amphetamine (3 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was significantly reduced by 30 % decoction, in rats. The extracts did not modify the latency to the first clonic convulsion or the survival time in the isoniazid (210 mg/kg, ip) treated mice. The 30 % percent decoction significantly increased the latency to the first picrotoxin-induced clonic convulsion (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), as well as survival time. Repeated administration of 5 % decoction (30-minute intervals) significantly reduced the amplitude (µV) of the epileptic spikes induced by topical application of penicillin to sensorimotor cortex, in curare-treated rats. In summary, the root decoctions of E. berteroi paradoxically exhibited neuroleptic and antiepileptic actions. Nevertheless, these results partly justify the use of the plant for the treatment of epilepsy by practitioners of the folk medicine. P149- ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF Salvia elegans EXTRACT Ruenes K1, Garateix A1, Buznego MT2, García T1, Pérez-Saad H2, Palmero A1, Guzmán A1, Tortoriello J3 and Pérez-Saad H1 1Centro de Bioproductos Marinos (CEBIMAR), Loma y 37 Alturas del Vedado, CITMA, La Habana, Cuba. 2Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, calles 29 y D, Vedado, MINSAP, La Habana, Cuba. 3Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, IMSS. Argentina 1, Xochitepec, Morelos, México 62790. E-mail: [email protected] Salvia is an important genus that it has been widely used in traditional medicine in different countries in treatment of Central Nervous System disorders. A great number of studies were carried out to show the chemical composition and the pharmacological characteristics of Salvia extracts. Many of these investigations describe Central Nervous System (CNS) effects of Salvia extracts. In this report were studied the effects of an extract of the plant Salvia elegans on two





143

behavioural models that have been used to evaluate anxiolytic properties: elevated plus maze and marble buring test as well as on exploratory behaviour. The extract (500 - 2000 mg/kg body weight) has significant effects in the time spent in the open arms in relationship with the total time in the elevated plus maze test whereas in the marble burning test the effects were significant at 500 and 1000 mg/kg weight. Moreover, the extract reduced the exploratory behaviour (rears plus number of times the animals crossed the circle) at 1000 mg/kg. According to these results we conclude that the ethanolic extract of Salvia elegans has anxiolytic and sedative effect. P150- NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FOUR MARINE PLANT EXTRACTS Garateix A1, Ruenes K1, Buznego MT2, García T1, Menéndez T1, Palmero A1, Guzmán A1 , Valdés O1, Alejandre L1, Laguna A1 and Pérez-Saad H2

1Centro de Bioproductos Marinos (CEBIMAR), Loma y 37 Alturas del Vedado, CITMA, La Habana, Cuba. 2Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, calles 29 y D, Vedado, MINSAP, La Habana, Cuba. E.mail: [email protected] Marine plants constitute a natural resource of great variety of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antioxidant potential of phenolic components and the neuroprotective action of extract and/or extract´s components of several seaweeds. Also, depressant, antidepressive and anticonvulsivant effects among others neuroactive actions have been detected. The present study evaluates several neuropharmacological effects of the ethanolic extract of Thalassia testudinum, Sargassum fluitans, Dictyota pinnatifida and Ullva fasciata. Extracts were intraperitoneally and/or orally administered to mice (OF-1, 18-22 g body weight) as single doses (40-1000 mg/kg weight). One hour after administration the effects of the extracts were studied in exploratory behavior, electric-induced convulsions, sleeping time induced by thiopental, marble burying test and elevated plus maze. Besides, their neuroprotective effects were investigated using convulsion induced by ip administration of ammonium acetate (11mmol/kg). The extracts were also evaluated as anticholinergic and antiglutamatergic agents using snail receptors (0.2 – 1 mg/ml). Our results showed that the most relevant effects were; sedative effect as well as anxiolytic action for the single oral administration of Dictyota´s extracts and anticolvulsivant effects for Sargasum extract. The four extracts act at the level of cholinergic and glutamatergic snail receptors at the concentration range tested. Besides, single intraperitoneal administration of the extracts showed that all, except that from Ulva fasciata, significantly increased the onset of convulsions induced by ammonium. The fact that the pharmacological actions in mice were observed after single administration suggest that the active components of the extracts can rapidly cross the blood barrier allowing them to act on the Central Nervous System. The neuropharmacological actions presented here open new therapeutical possibilities for these species. It is discussed the interest and importance in continuing the investigations in this field in order to identify the components responsible of such effects. P151- PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Bunodosoma TOXINS ON VOLTAGE DEPENDENT SODIUM CHANNELS Garateix A1, Salceda E2, López O2, Salazar H2, Aneiros A1, Zaharenko A.J3 , de Freitas JC3 and Soto E2

1Centro de Bioproductos Marinos, CITMA, La Habana, Cuba, 2Instituto de Fisiología, BUAP, Puebla; 3 Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Voltage dependent sodium channels represent an important target for different neurotoxins and there have been identified different binding sites according to these interactions. The so called site 3 toxins comprise a diverse group of peptides obtained from sea anemones and α-scorpions that bind to voltage gated sodium channels slowing down the inactivation process. These polypeptides vary considerably in their affinities for the sodium channels in different excitable cells. In this work we studied the pharmacological action of three toxins: BgII and BgIII (isolated from Bunodosoma granulifera) and BcIII (isolated from Bunodosoma caissarum) on isolated cultured neurons of rat dorsal root ganglion. The biophysical effects and the potency of these polypeptides were compared and their effects were studied with voltage clamp techniques. These compounds considerably prolonged the action potential and selectively slowed down the inactivation process of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium current. The potency of these compounds according to the IC50 values were of: BcIII 2.7±2µM, BgII 4.1±1.2 µM and BgIII 11.9 ±1.4 µM. Several studies have pointed out the importance of specific amino acid residues in the determination of toxin activity. The three





144

studied toxins are structurally similar. BgII and BgIII differ in the presence of Asp at position 16 instead Asn in BgIII, and this only substitution may contribute to the less potency of this toxin. Concerning to BcIII, a positive amino acid in position 47 could explain its higher potency in comparison with the others Bunodosoma toxins. P152- LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTIONS FROM THE CRUDE EXTRACT OF Condylactis gigantea, ACTING ON POTASSIUM CHANNELS Santos Y1, Díaz M2, López T1, Souto R3, Rodríguez A2, Martínez J4, Castañeda O1 1Facultad de Biología. Universidad de La Habana. 2Centro de Bioactivos Marinos. 3Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. 4Museo Municipal Habana del Este, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Anemones are solitary polyp organisms which constitute a well known source of ion channels toxins. Cardiotoxins have been commonly related to toxins acting on sodium channels, nevertheless in the last decade certain cardiac disorders as ventricular fibrillation and long QT syndrome, which are common cause of large incidence in human population, are being associated with disorders in the functioning of some types K channels. A whole body extract of the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea, a well known representative of the Caribbean Sea platform, was prepared and submitted to gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 as a first chromatographic step. The low molecular weight fraction was tested in patch clamp experiments, for its capacity to act upon certain subtypes of K channels expressed in Xenopus oocyte membranes. The active fraction was submitted to a second gel filtration step in Sephadex G-25 and the activity was localized in fraction 3. This fraction caused a significant blockade of K+ currents in Kv 1,4 channels and a less potent effect in blocking of Kv 1,1 and HERG channels. Taking into consideration that Kv 1,4 channels are associated to the early repolarization of ventricular membrane potential and the HERG channels are involved in arrhythmias, these original results in natural origin products, have a significant value and a potential therapeutic interest for these cardiovascular disorders. The total purification of the agent(s) responsible of these affects is a basic prerequisite to fulfill the pharmacological characterization of the active principle(s). P153- COGNITIVE AND MOOD EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND THEANINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION Haskell CFa, Kennedy DOa, Milne ALa, Wesnes KAa, b, Zangara Aa & Scholey ABa

aHuman Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Northumbria University, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom. bCDR Ltd., Gatehampton Road, Goring-on-Thames, RG8 0EN, United Kingdom. E mail: [email protected] Theanine and caffeine are often found together in tea beverages. There is a wealth of research into the psychopharmacology and neurocognitive effects of caffeine. Less is known about theanine although recent research lends some support to its traditional role as a relaxant. Despite the common co-consumption of theanine and caffeine, no research to date explicitly aimed at examining the interaction of the two substances. This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, balanced crossover study investigated the acute cognitive and mood effects of theanine and caffeine separately and together using a comprehensive assessment battery. Twenty-two healthy young participants received a 250 ml drink containing either 250 mg theanine, 150 mg of caffeine, a combination containing 150 mg caffeine plus 250 mg theanine, or a placebo, not less than 7 days apart. Cognitive and mood assessments were undertaken at baseline and 30 minutes and 90 minutes post-drink and included the Cognitive Drug Research computerised test battery, two serial subtraction tasks, a sentence verification task and subjective visual analogue mood scales. Saliva samples were also taken at each time point. There were significant improvements following caffeine alone in simple reaction time; digit vigilance reaction time; RVIP accuracy; numeric working memory reaction time; and accuracy of spatial memory. Caffeine also decreased ratings of tiredness and headache. Theanine alone led to improvements in sentence verification reaction time but impaired reaction time of numeric memory and delayed word recognition. It also led to a decrease in alertness and an increase in ratings of headache. However, when combined, theanine potentiated the caffeine effect on a number of cognitive tasks and on alertness. There were very few positive effects associated with theanine alone, but it generally potentiated the effects of caffeine suggesting a possible synergy. Such effects are likely to be mediated by a number of neurotransmitter systems affected by theanine.





145

P154- EFFECTS OF A MULTIVITAMIN PREPARATION WITH GUARANÁ ON SUSTAINED MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL FATIGUE Kennedy DOa, Scholey ABa, Zangara Aa, Luedemann Jb, Maggini Sb, Brewster-Maund C, Ruf Mb aHuman Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom. bBayer Consumer Care AG, Basel, Switzerland, Peter Merian House 84, 4002 Basel, CH. Email: [email protected] The present study tested the effects of a multivitamin-mineral supplement with guaraná (Berocca Boost Performance®) on aspects of cognitive performance and self-reported mental fatigue during sustained mental effort. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study assessed the acute effects of a single dose of either the vitamin/mineral/guaraná supplement or placebo, in the form of an effervescent drink, in 129 healthy young adults (18-24 years). On the testing day, overnight fasted participants attended the laboratory at 9am. Following two (practice and baseline) pre-dose completions of the 10 minute cognitive demand battery (Serial 3s subtractions, Serial 7s subtractions, and Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) tasks plus a ‘Mental Fatigue’ visual analogue scale) participants consumed their treatment. Starting 30 minutes following consumption of the drink participants made 6 consecutive completions of the battery (60 minutes in total). The vitamin/mineral/guaraná combination resulted, most notably, in improved cognitive task performance in terms of increased speed and accuracy of performing the Rapid Visual Information Processing task, and reduced ratings of subjective mental fatigue. This latter effect became most noticeable towards the later, more fatiguing, repetitions of the cognitive demand battery. This research supports previous findings about the psychoactive properties of guaraná and provides evidence for the first time in humans that a multivitamin-mineral preparation with guaraná can improve cognitive performance and reduce the mental fatigue associated with sustained mental effort, and suggests Berocca Boost Performance® increases alertness. P155- ALKALOID FRACTION OBTAINED FROM LEAVES OF Annona muricata WITH ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN MICE Oviedo VMO1, García MG2, Rincón JV1, Guerrero MP1

1Departamento de Farmacia – Facultad de Ciencias – Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Apartado aéreo: 11430. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, 2060, Costa Rica. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Alkaloid fraction (0.5 g/kg, vo) obtained from leaves of Annona muricata showed anxiolytic activity in plus maze test applied to ICR male mice. Hole board test was applied previously to asses basal level of mice activity. The screening included anticonvulsant, antidepressant and anxiolytic activity of hydro alcoholic extract (40%) throw maximal electroshock seizures, pentylentetrazol seizures and forced swimming test. Phytochemical study confirmed presence of flavonoid compounds also. Alkaloid fraction was identified by thin layer chromatographic analysis. This work supports ethno botanical use of A. muricata and shows that alkaloid compounds play a key roll in pharmacological activity of this specie. P156- Rhodiola rosea IN MINOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS Firenzuoli Fa

, Gori La, Calapai Gb

aCentre of Natural Medicine, S.Giuseppe Hospital. Via Paladini 1, 50053 Az USL 11. Empoli. Italy. bInstitute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina. Italy. Email: [email protected] Rhodiola rosea is usually used as adaptogen and on the base of our experience we decide to test in 40 consecutive patients the efficacy of a Rhodiola rosea herbal extract tritated at 40% salidroside and 15% rosavin and administered to patient at the dose of 800 mg daily. Clinical response was defined by HAM-D as a 50% reduction and/or a score 7. Measures were conducted at baseline, and after 3 months of treatment. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and





146

Visual Analog Scales (VAS) were used as secondary efficacy parameters. Patients were not suffering of other diseases, neither menopause complaints nor pregnant or lactating women excluded. They were not assuming other drugs neither herbal extracts, mean age 37 y.o. (range 25-43 y.o). Rhodiola extract had clinical significant effect in minor depressed patients with HAM-D up to 17 . There were not significant side effects and no patients were dropped out. On the base of these preliminary results we conclude that Rhodiola rosea can be useful in the treatment of minor depressive disorders, although further clinical studies are needed to definitely confirm antidepressive activity. P157- MIGRAPRECOL AND MIGRAMENSTRUAL. MEDICINAL PLANTS FORMULATIONS IN MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS Reyes Ra, Marrero-Miragaya MAb, Eirez Mb

aCentro Internacional de Salud La Pradera, Cuba. bNational Center Coordinator of Clinical Trial, Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Objective: To determine the efficacy of a medicinal plants formulation in the prophylaxis of migraine. Design: Double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Setting: Neurological outpatient clinic. The studies followed the guidelines recommended by the International Headache Society's committee on clinical trials in migraine1. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of migraine with and without aura according to the criteria of the International Headache Society,2 men and women aged between 18 and 60 years, presence of migraine for more than a year, onset of migraine before the age of 50 years, and attacks of migraine occurring two to six times a month. Exclusion criteria were interval headache that the patient was unable to differentiate from migraine, use of prophylactic drugs for migraine in the four weeks before randomization, pregnancy or inability to use contraceptives, decreased renal or hepatic function, history of angioneurotic oedema, and psychiatric disorder. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The regional ethics committee for medical research approved the study protocol, and all patients gave written, informed consent before enrolment. Studies in Development and the projected start date in February 2006, Migraprecol (N= 156, include 150 patients), Migramenstrual (N=76, include 40 patients). Project duration: 12 months References 1. International Headache Society Committee on Clinical Trials in Migraine. Guidelines for controlled trials of drugs in migraine. Cephalalgia 1991; 11/1: 1-12. 2. Bender WI. ACE inhibitors for prophylaxis of migraine headaches. Headache 1995; 35: 470-471 P158- Calendula officinalis: VARIATION TO THE METHODOLOGY OF EXTRACTS OBTENTION, CHARACTERIZATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE AND ACUTE TOXICITY Monteagudo Ea, Cepero Va, Mollineda Ab aExperimental Toxicology Unit. Medical College of Villa Clara. Aqueduct Rd. and Circumvallation. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, ZC: 50200. bAgropecuary Investigations Centre. Agropecuary Sciences Faculty. Central University “Martha Abreu” of Las Villas. Camajuani Road, km 5. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Calendula officinalis has a great variety of therapeutical properties so it is needed to get deep in the study of its extracts. Experimentation requires several concentrations or doses of the extracts and if we work with big quantities of green mass there is the chance of imprecisions in final concentration due to the wasting of menstruo. Physico-chemical characteristics should be also determined. Materials and Methods: Flowers were used as vegetable material and aqueous extracts were prepared by infusion (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and varying the drug mass. Humectation volume was determined by breaking flowers and adding 0,5 ml of menstruo each 30 minutes. The extracts were characterized for aspect, Total Solids, pH, refraction index, UV absorption and qualitative flavonoids using established equipment and techniques. Toxicity study consisted of the alternative test Up and Down Procedure (UDP): 5 animals, receiving a 2000 mg/kg BW dose, administered orally, were used. Each animal was dosed every 24 hours and were observed for 14 days to determine toxicity symptoms and signs, later were sacrificed to carry our anatomopathological studies. Results: The extraction method (Humectation Volume) is valid and can be calculated (HV= 2.295 X drug mass + 1.034), 20% extract shows the best extractive efficiency. The infusion is a flower smelling liquid, and its amber colour, total solids, refraction index and absorbance increase with concentration as pH decreases. Measuring Refraction index allows to assess the total solids content (IR = 0.00028 X total solids + 1.33).





147

Most probable flavonoids in extracts are: flavones, flavonols and isoflavones. In the UDP study all the animals survived not showing any symptom neither signs of toxicity. There were no anatomopathological alterations in any studied organ. Conclusions: mathematical determination of the humectation volume and its maintenance also the Refraction Index gives an appropriated extraction method for the pharmaceutical characterization of C. officinalis, it contains flavonoid type metabolites and toxicologically, the studied extract, is considered NON TOXIC. P159- PHARMACOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Gracylaria cylindrica ALGAE Monteagudo Ea, Cepero Va, Cordovés Db, Verdecía Ba, Blanco Fa, Díaz La, Mollineda Ac aExperimental Toxicology Unit. Medical College of Villa Clara. Aqueduct Road and Circumvallation. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, ZC: 50200. bPharmacy and Chemistry Faculty. Central University “Martha Abreu” of Las Villas. Camajuani Road, km 5. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. cAgropecuary Investigations Centre. Agropecuary Sciences Faculty. Central University “Martha Abreu” of Las Villas. Camajuani Rd. km 5. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Marine products, especially algae have a high demand for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The Gracilarya cylindrica algae have big potentialities due to its properties and exploitation possibilities. Materials and Methods: Experimental Pharmacology studies concerning photoprotective effect and the influence of the conditions of extractions in such effect were carried out, Toxicological studies were Acute Toxicity Class (ACT), an alternative accepted method and Dermic and Ophthalmologic Irritation. For the photoprotective effect it was obtained the absorbance spectrum of each one of the extracts prepared (12) from 600 to 200 ηm using a spectrophotometer. The UV area maxims evidence was analyzed. The ACT method used 2 groups of 3 Wistar rats, sex ratio 1:1, which were administered with single 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW doses. They were observed during the next 14 days, body weight was measured on days 1, 7 and 14 and anatomopathological studies were also done. Dermal and Eye irritations tests were applied to dry (prime matter) and to the aequous extract using New Zealand rabbits, assigning the values according to the accepted Draize scale. Results: The extract does not have absorption maxims in the UV region and the extractions conditions studied had no influence in the absorption characteristics. ACT study did not show toxicity symptoms neither signs, only an animal died at the dose of 500 mg/kg BW. Dermal and eye irritations studies did not show any lesion related to the products applied. Conclusions: the studied extract does not show photoprotective effect; toxicologically speaking the product is classified as NON TOXIC, and as neither NON PRIMARY DERMAL IRRITANT nor EYE IRRITANT for both types of extracts. P160- ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF SIX MEDICINAL PLANTS USING THREE ALTERNATIVE METHODS Monteagudo E, Boffill M, Bermúdez D, Quesada D, Roca A, Verdecia B, Blanco F, Díaz L, Betancourt E Experimental Toxicology Unit. Medical College of Villa Clara. Aqueduct Rd. and Circumvallation. ZC: 50200. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, E-mail: [email protected] The implantation of new experimental procedures or methods requires of a standardization process to compare its results and to conclude about its use feasibility. OECD, for known reasons abolished the Acute Toxicity classical test for three alternative methods: Toxical Acute Classification (TAC), Up and Down Procedure (UDP) and Fix Dose Procedure (FDP). On the other hand, it has been strategically decided to promote the use of pharmaceutical forms derived from plants such as tilo (Justicia pectoralis), guava (Psidium guajava), oregano (Plethranctus amboinicus), holly cane (Cymbopogon citratus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and majagua (Hibiscus elatus). Materials and Methods: The animals were dosed orally (2000 mg/kg BW, on total solid basis). The plants were collected according to the regulations indicated and aqueous extracts were done. The animals were observed systematically during the first 24 hours and daily until 14 days. Body weight was controlled on days 1, 7 and 14. After that all the animals were sacrificed previous clinical inspection and later on anatomopathological studies were executed. Results: No mortality neither other toxic symptoms were observed, only in the case of J. pectoralis happened light sedation, which is attributed to the medicinal effect of this plant. No body weight neither anatomopathological lesions were seen. Conclusions: The uniformity results of each experiment for the extracts studied indicates its reproducibility and validity confirming that the LD50 of those extracts is above 2000 mg/kg BW.





148

P161- TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW ANTIANEMIC FORMULATION FROM NATURAL PRODUCT DRY TROFÍN® García Ya, González Ra, Bourg Va, González Yb, González Bb, Mancebo Ab, Bada AMb, Mier Yb, Arteaga MEb, González Cb, Hernández Jb

aNational Center of Biological Products (BIOCEN) Beltrán Mainroad, 1 ½ Km, Bejucal, Havana. Cuba. bNational Center of Breeding of Laboratory Animal (CENPALAB) Tirabeque, Cacahual Mainroad, 2 ½ Km, Bejucal, Havana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: Iron deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder all over around the world. For prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia iron salts obtain for synthetic pathway have a wide use in spite the adverse effects and low bioavailability. On the contrary, heme iron containing in the blood haemoglobin has been a little use in spite the high bioavailability and it doesn’t produce adverse reactions. Combination both type of iron for to obtain a drug or a nutritional supplement is newness. The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of a new formulation with both heme iron of dry Trofín® and non heme iron of ferrous fumarate, in both acute and repeated doses by oral route in Sprague-Dawley rats. Material and methods: In acute toxicity assay, doses evaluated were 6, 12 and 40 mgFe/kg of corporal weight/day. In the repeat toxicity assay doses evaluated were 3, 6 and 12 mgFe/kg of corporal weight/day and one group received the assayed substance doses of 12 mgFe/kg of corporal weight/day and was analyzed 14 days after the last administration (satellite). In both studies control groups received saline solution or dry Trofín®. Clinical observations were done every days and corporal weight was measured weekly. Macroscopical necropsies were done in both assays and in the repeated doses assays was done too histological preparations. Results: In both assay 100% of rats survived and corporal weight of animals were increased. In the stomach of rats treated with low and high doses of substance assayed a lightly reddish coloration, gastric mucous erosions and independent hemorrhages were observed. Microscopical preparations showed hyperemic blood vessels with many congestion and point-like erosions. None of these reactions were observed in satellite group. Conclusions: Adverse reactions provoked by the assayed substance are characteristic adverse reactions due to utilization of iron salt in humans. P162- TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AN INFUSSION OF Bidens pilosa Boffill M, Lorenzo G, Sainz O, Sanchez C, Betancourt E Experimental Toxicology Unit. Medical College of Villa Clara, Aqueduct Rd. and Circumvallation, C.P.: 50200. Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Bidens pilosa (romerillo) is a widely used medicinal plant for the treatment of many diseases and it has been scientifically proved a lot of therapeutical actions. The objective of this paper is to determine if its potential toxicity after the oral administration of an infusion of this plant in an single and repeated dose (28 days) using in both cases limit doses and to assess if this preparation was a dermal irritant. Materials and Methods: acute toxicity was evaluated in 2 groups of 10 SD rats each (5 males and 5 females), group 1 was treated and 2 was negative control. In repeated dose toxicity were conformed 3 groups of 20 animals each (10 males and 10 females), group 1 was treated with the infusion, group 2 treated with distilled water and number 3 was sentinel. Products were administered orally 6 days a week. Passed 28 days animals (groups 1 and 2) were sacrificed and group 3 was done so 30 days after. Haematological and biochemical variables were measured and indicated organs were histopathologically evaluated. Dermal irritancy war carried out using 3 rabbits for each preparation. Results: toxicological effects were absent in the single dose study and repeated dose study behave in the same way. There were no oedemas or erythema in dermal studies. Conclusions: It is proved that the infusion of B. alba is non toxic for single and repeated dose also for dermal structures.





149

P163- TOXICOLOGICAL PRE-CLINICAL EVALUATION OF Isocarpha cubana BLAKE Peña D1, Montes de Oca N1, Rojas S1, Parra A2, García G3

1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Zoilo Marinello Vidaurreta”. Las Tunas. 2Laboratorio Provincial de Medicamentos. Las Tunas. 3Laboratorios LIORAD. Centro de Estudios para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas (CEIEB). Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos. Universidad de La Habana. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: The common chamomile (Isocarpha cubana Blake) is a plant commonly used by our population. It has the same properties scientifically tested on the sweet chamomile (Matricaria recutita, L.). A few studies have been carried out about it and none has demonstrated that the plant is sufficiently harmless. Therefore, a pre-clinical toxicological study on the plant is proposed as an indispensable preamble for experimentation with any product in human beings and its subsequent production, commercialization and use in our health system. Materials and methods: In this regard the trials on oral and dermic acute toxicity were developed. Taking into account the results obtained, the oral acute toxicity was carried out by using two methods: limit dose and classes. All the trials on irritability were also carried out. They included dermic, ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal and oral mucus trials and were aimed at evaluating the irritant potential of the plant extract while in contact with the different corporeal structures in one way or another. All the trials were carried out by following the protocols internationally established (ISO, OECD). Results: The fluid extract provoked oral acute toxicity, with death in animals at limit dose and clinical signs of toxicity at a lesser dose. It was classified as harmful by this way. From a dermic point of view, no sign of toxicity was presented and there was weight gain in animals. It provoked slight macroscopic alterations in the oral mucus, no dermic irritation at all, severe damage in the ocular structures and macroscopic alterations in the rectal and vaginal mucus. No test of irritability presented any other clinical sign. Conclusions: The fluid extract presented oral acute toxicity and was harmless from a dermic point of view. It is a non-irritant product for the oral mucus, slightly irritant by the rectal and vaginal ducts and severely irritant for the ocular structures. P164- CARDIOTOXIC ACTIONS OF STHICHOLYSINS I AND II, TWO CYTOLYSINS ISOLATED FROM THE SEA ANEMONE Stichodactyla helianthus Galán L1, Souto RD1, Ruiz Y1, Lanio ME2, Alvarez C2, Alvarez JL1 1Laboratorio de Electrofisiología. Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. Calle 17 # 702, esq. a A, Vedado, La Habana. 2Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Grupo de Proteínas y Enzimas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana. Calle 25 entre J e I, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] The sthicholysins I y II, are cytolytic proteins from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus that interact with biologic membranes and form a oligomeric pore and thus produce the cellular lysis. In general the cytolysins are very lethal in mammals. The cardiotoxic activity of the cytolysins seems to be the most important effect that conduces to animals to death. For all these, our purpose was to study the actions of sthicholysins I and II on action potential and contraction of isolated perffusing rat heart (Langendorff) and rat ventricular papillary muscle and on the sodium and calcium currents of isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes using the patch-clamp technique in whole cell variant. Also we characterized a possible pharmacologic action of theses cytolysins, additional and independent of the forming pore activity, analyzing all the experiments mentioned here, but incubating the cytolysins in a basic pH (pH=11.5), because at this pH value these proteins lost the cytolytic action. Both cytolysins produced a powerful cardiotoxic action, characterized by bradicardia and depressed contraction. Also they produced arrhythmias and death of the preparation. Both compounds depressed the sodium current and without effect on calcium current and they produced the cellular death. All effects were irreversible. When the cytolysins were preincubated to pH = 11.5, also they produced bradicardia and depressed the contraction of perfusing isolated rat hearts (Langendorff), but less powerful and the preparations did not die. However, the cytolysins had not effects on sodium and calcium currents and they did not produced cellular death. These results suggest that the additional pharmacologic action seen in Langendorff experiments is not linked with these ionic channels.





150

P165- MEDICINAL PLANTS ASSESSING AS RADIOPROTECTORS USING SOS CHROMOTEST Fuentes JL1, Alonso A1, Cuetara E2, Vernhe M1, Alvarez N3, Sánchez-Lamar A4, Llagostera M5,6

1Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN). Apartado Postal 6122. Calle 30, # 502, e/ 5ta y 7ma, Miramar, Playa, C. Habana, Cuba. 2Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIBIOMED). Apartado Postal 3530, Calle 146 No. 3102, Playa, C. Habana, Cuba. 3Instituto Finlay, Apartado Postal 16017, Calle 17 No. 19801, e/ 198 y 200, Playa, C. Habana, Cuba. 4Facultad de Biología de la Universidad de la Habana, calle 25 e/ I y J, Vedado, C. Habana, Cuba. 5Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra),Spain. 6Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona -Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària (UAB-IRTA), Bellaterra, 08193 - Barcelona, Spain. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The study of radioprotective properties of phytochemicals enriches the radiotherapy horizon and supports the continuous development of pharmaceutical industry. This work was aimed to evaluate antigenotoxicity activity against γ-rays of plant extracts with proved antioxidant activity, and to elucidate the antigenotoxic mechanisms involved in radioprotection using a modified protocol of the SOS Chromotest. Materials and Methods: The radioprotective potential of Phyllanthus orbicularis HBK, Cymbopogon citrates (DC) Stapf and Pinus caribaea Morelet aqueous extracts was compared with those observed using amifostine and the antigenotoxic mechanisms were clarify using different approaches as pre- co- and post- treatment of bacterial cells with amifostine and each plant extract. Results: The P. caribaea and C. citratus extracts were antigenotoxic against γ-rays when the cells were pre- or co-treated with both extracts, suggesting a possibly antigenotoxic action through free radicals scavenging mechanisms; while the P. orbicularis was also antigenotoxic under post-irradiation treatment, indicating that several antimutagenic components of this plant extract may also act by some intracellular mechanism unlike its antioxidant activity. Antigenotoxic properties of P. orbicularis extract were comparable with those observed for amifostine. Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of the studied plant species. The results have demonstrated the usefulness of the modified SOS Chromotest assay in the screening of phytochemical radioprotectors as well as in studying of their antimutagenic mechanisms. P166- TOXO-PLANT 1.0 TOXICOLOGY OF CUBAN MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION Domínguez A, Reyes L, García O, Macías B, y Pérez L Centro de Toxicología y Biomedicina. Autopista Nacional Km. 1 ½. Apartado Postal 4033. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. Email: [email protected] Taking into consideration there is a great amount of not liable information, which is also disperse and not accessible about toxicological characteristics in medicinal plants with antimicrobial action and also the information given by the system of information and interconnectivity. It was conceived a software, with the objective of summing up, concentrate and provide updated toxicological information, based in specific evidences obtained by in vivo and in vitro (general toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity immunotoxicity) developed in the Biomedical and Toxicology Center. This software design had multiple principles into consideration (necessity, attention, multiple entries, multilane, uniformity) multifactor (users, content, didactic function, structure, and easy up dated information). As result we obtained an interactive multimedia (TOXO-Plant 1.0) with a modular structure, capable of selected information related to the level of knowledge and interest of users using an acute, adequate, and simple language and its use is not based in the application of highly computer knowledge.





151

P167- NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLANTS. KNOWLEDGE IN DOCTORS AND PRACTITIONERS FROM EMPIRIC TRADITIONAL MEDICINE López Ma, García Oa, Hernández LCb, Yera Yb, Rodríguez A2 aMunicipal Main Pharmacy #691,. Fructuoso Rodríguez #114A, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53000, Cuba. bCalculation Center, Sugar Company George Washington, Batey Washington, Santo Domingo, Villa Clara, PC 53500, Cuba, Email: [email protected], [email protected] The consumers of the vegetable preparations don't always know the real reach of these. Many cheats the selection and prosecution of the plants is based on the empiric knowledge of the tradition, existing the possibility that they plows used since in an erroneous way what is dangerous they could it causes different toxicity degrees. In this sense it becomes evident the necessity to offer information to the population and the personnel of the health. For it was carried out a prospective study guided to determine the degree of knowledge that the doctors and practitioners of empiric traditional medicine of Santo Domingo's town have, on the neurotoxic effects of 22 plants that are potentially usable for their therapeutic possibilities for the population and they also grow in the country of Villa Clara. The data for the analysis were obtained by means of the realization from an interview to the practitioners and a questionnaire to the prescriptores. All the information was processed statistically by means of the program SPSS/PC, version 8.0. 20 practitioners and 11 doctors were included. Of the practitioners, 14 knew the toxic effects that the “Chamico” (Datura stramonium L.) generates for the Central Nervous System, 9 those of the “Campana” (Datura arborea L.), 5 of the “Piñón de Botija” (Jatropha curcas L.) and one those of the “Paraiso” (Melia azedarach L.), the toxic reactions of the other plants were ignored. As for the physicians it was found that the 11 (100%) they only knew the neurotoxic effects of Datura stramonium and Datura arborea. The toxicity of the other ones was unknown. The results demonstrate that a great ignorance exists in the practitioners and doctors on the noxious effects of these plants. To increase the general level of the practitioners' information they were made folding and chats were given; to the doctors they were designed a pamphlet and it was design a database for consultation. P168- EVALUATION OF ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY OF FIVE MEDICINAL HERBS BY MEANS OF AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD Alfonso Aa, Ramírez Kc, Betancourt Jb, Salas Hb, Puentes Ec, Domínguez Ad Centro de Toxicología y Biomedicina. Autopista Nacional Km 1½ Apartado Postal 4033. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction: In spite of the several photochemical studies and therapeutic applications that have been carried out on the medicinal herbs, their use in the human being should be preceded by scientific investigations validating its therapeutic effectiveness and safety. For this reason, for the toxicological evaluation of five medicinal herbs, we decided to use an alternative method instead of the conventional method. An advantage of this method is the use of a smaller number of animals. Materials and Methods: For each trial 6 rats Sprague Dawley were selected (3 females and 3 males) with 6-8 weeks of age and weight ranging from 150 to 200 g. Volume of decoction of the tested substances to be administered was determined taking into account the initial weight. Trials were first made in females and the dosage was of 2000 mg/kg. The substances were administered orally in a single dose by means of a stomach tube # 10. The observation was initiated 48 hours after administration and during the 14 days of trials, as there were not clinical signs or deaths. At 48 hours postadministration the female rats showed no clinical signs and deaths, for which reason the administration was initiated in male rats and the same steps were followed as the females. Rats were weighted the days 0, 7 and 14. On day 15 of trial the autopsy was made, as well as the gross examination of all the organs. Results: Clinical signs that evidenced toxicity were not observed. All the female and male rats gained weight and this was statistically significant among the days of trial and between females and males in every day of trial. The organs studied grossly did not show lesions of diagnosis value. Conclusions: The decoctions of the evaluated substances are considered "without classifying" in the animal model, the level of used dose and under the observed experimental conditions.





152

P169- PRE-CLINIC EVALUATION OF PROTEASES FROM C. candamarcensis AS DERMAL HEALING PRINCIPLES Lemos FO1, Mello VJ1, Cassali GD2, Salas CE3 and Lopes MTP1 Departments of 1Farmacologia, 2Patologia and 3Bioquímica e Imnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-010, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Email: [email protected] Prior results from our group demonstrate that a cysteine proteinase containing fraction from C candamarcensis latex displays mitogenic activity, like that seen in growth factors added to mammalian cell lines. Considering the proteolytic and proliferative activities of this fraction (P1G10), we evaluated its skin healing ability on lesions in Hairless or Swiss depilated mice, as well as, some toxicological parameters following topical administration. Primary dermal irritation, measured by the Draize method, showed that P1G10 (<1% w/w), did not enhance dermal irritation or corrosion on intact or scarified Hairless mice skin. The healing activity of P1G10 (1 and 0.1%) on Hairless or Swiss mice scarified skin showed a 5-fold increase in healing rate of the lesion compared to the control containing Polawax alone (vehicle). The weight variation and histopathologic analysis of Swiss mice organs topically treated during 3 or 6 months with 0.1% P1G10 in Polawax vehicle, did not suffer significant alterations compared to control animals. In view of the pharmacological activity exhibited by P1G10 in pre clinical tests, and the absence of toxicity, also demonstrated following systemic application (data not shown), we conclude that P1G10 has a dermal healing therapeutic potential. The next step of this study involves the evaluation of clinical safety for this formulation. Acknowledgements: Support by CNPq, FAPEMIG and CAPES. P170- ESTUDIO FARMACOTOXICOLÓGICO DE LOS EXTRACTOS SECOS OBTENIDOS DE LA SEMILLA DE Thevetia peruviana Campos A1, Magos G1, Rodríguez A1, González C1, Aguilar A2 y Martínez E1 1Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM; 2Herbario IMSSM, México D.F., 04510. E-mail: [email protected] La Thevetia peruviana (Tp) es una planta que pertenece a la familia de las Apocináceas. En México, se localiza en regiones tropicales y subtropicales y es parte de la flora de todos los estados de la republica donde recibe diferentes nombres (hueso de fraile, codo de fraile, narciso amarillo, etc). Las semillas de la Tp se usa empíricamente con propósitos terapéuticos en diversas patologías, el uso indiscriminado para reducir de peso corporal ha provocado numerosos casos de intoxicaciones que se manifiestan a nivel cardiovascular y gastrointestinal, algunos de ellos con consecuencias mortales. En este estudio se identifican los efectos tóxicos agudos de los extractos obtenidos de la semilla de Tp con acetato de etilo (AE), metanol (MeOH) y agua (A). A lotes diferentes de ratones macho, adultos de la cepa CFW, se les administró por vía ip, los extractos secos a varias dosis (n de 10 animales por dosis). El grupo control recibió el vehículo. Se midió la temperatura rectal, se registraron las manifestaciones de toxicidad y se calculo la dosis letal cincuenta (DL50). También se estudiaron los efectos de los extractos sobre el corazón registrando el electrocardiograma en ratas Wistar macho. Las manifestaciones que presentaron los animales que recibieron los extractos secos MeOH y A, fueron similares a las que se presentan por la intoxicación digitálica; se observó una marcada retención urinaria e intensa hipotérmia, efectos dependientes de la dosis. En contraste, el extracto de AE no mostró signos de toxicidad. La DL50 para los extractos secos de MeOH y A se ubican en la categoría toxicológica de 4 (muy tóxico), mientras que para el AE es de 2 (moderadamente tóxico).





153

P171- EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD TÓXICA DE DIVERSOS EXTRACTOS SOBRE Artemia salina Tapia R1, Estrada M1, Vega E1, Lobato A1, Alvarez C2, Ortiz V1, Velasco R1 1Departamento de Ciencias de la Salúd, 2Departamento de Hidrobiología. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340. Email: [email protected] Hoy en día se emplean a nivel mundial plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades. En México es común esta práctica para combatir infecciones y cáncer. Para validar el uso de las plantas se realizan pruebas biológicas in vitro e in vivo, estas últimas requieren mayor espacio y adiestramiento en el uso de animales. Un procedimiento rápido, sencillo, reproducible y de bajo costo para pruebas de toxicidad general in vivo es utilizando un organismo multicelular como la larva de Artemia salina (crustáceo, subclase Branchiopoda). El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la toxicidad aguda sobre A. salina de extractos o fracciones de Solanum torvum, S. hispidum, Cuphea aequipetala, Tillandsia recurvata y Sargassum vulgaris, los cuales en estudios anteriores presentaron actividad antibacteriana o citotóxica in vitro sobre células humanas transformadas, exceptuando a S. vulgaris. Para realizar esta prueba se utilizaron vasos de precipitado de 10 mL en los que se prepararon diluciones de 10, 100 y 1000ppm, de la solución inicial del extracto de prueba (10 mg/ml), en 5 ml de solución salina artificial, se colocaron 10 larvas de Artemia salina en cada recipiente y 24 horas después se contaron las artemias vivas y muertas. Se empleó como control positivo de mortalidad K2CrO4 (10 mg/mL) y como negativo Dimetilsulfoxido al 50 % (DMSO). Se probó cada dilución por triplicado con tres repeticiones. El porcentaje de mortalidad (%M) provocado con dosis de 1000ppm del extracto de Solanum torvum y S. hispidum (con actividad citotóxica), fue de 31.91 y 21.73 %, respectivamente, mientras que en las fracciones de Cuphea aequipetala fue de 98 y 100% con 100 y 1000ppm, respectivamente. Tillandsia recurvata (con actividad antibacteriana) provocó 37.89% de mortalidad a 1000ppm. Sargassum vulgaris presentó 21.9%M a la máxima concentración probada. Se observa correlación de la toxicidad obtenida in vitro e in vivo. P172- VALORACIÓN CITO Y GENOTÓXICA DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE Psacalium peltatum (MATARIQUE) EN CULTIVOS DE LINFOCITOS HUMANOS Casillas IL, Dávalos KV, Hurtado M, Cruz A, Aguilar M A, Velasco-Lezama R, Alarcón F Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, México. Email: [email protected] En México, como en muchos otros países del mundo, el uso de extractos de plantas para la atención de la salud es una tradición ancestral. Experimentos realizados en la UAM Iztapalapa han mostrado que el extracto acuoso del matarique, P. peltatum, tiene efecto hipoglucemiante en ratas y citotóxico para las células de cáncer de próstata in vitro. Con el fin de determinar el posible efecto cito y genotóxico de ese extracto sobre células no transformadas, se expusieron cultivos de linfocitos humanos de 10 donadores al extracto durante 48 horas (concentraciones finales de 1, 10 y 100 µg/ ml ) empleando como marcadores el índice mitótico (IM), la cinética de proliferación (CP), la frecuencia de alteraciones cromosómicas (AC) y el daño al ADN mediante el ensayo cometa. El extracto en concentración de 10 µg/ ml elevó significativamente el IM pero, los linfocitos estimulados únicamente con el extracto no proliferaron por lo que es probable que potencie al mitógeno usado (fitohemaglutinina). El IM disminuyó significativamente en el lote expuesto a 100 µg/ ml, por lo que posiblemente esa concentración sea tan dañina que merme la población celular proliferante. En lo que a la velocidad de replicación celular se refiere, no se registraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes lotes. Tampoco se encontraron variaciones significativas del número diploide 2n=46 ni en la frecuencia de aberraciones estructurales. El ensayo cometa mostró que a partir de la exposición a 10 µg/ ml la proporción de células con daño al ADN aumentó significativamente así como la longitud promedio de la migración del ADN. Sin embargo, aún la mayor lesión registrada se encuentra en el intervalo de menor daño, menos de 20 µm. Los efectos observados del extracto acuoso de P. peltatum servirán para definir las dosis que deberán tomar los pacientes y estarán estrechamente relacionados con el padecimiento a tratar.





154

P173- MICROENSAYO MODIFICADO DE TOXICIDAD SOBRE LARVAS DE Artemia salina Molina-Salinas G, Said-Fernández S Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Dos de Abril y San Luis Potosí, Colonia Independencia, Monterrey N.L., México. C.P. 64720. Email: [email protected]. Las larvas de Artemia salina son ampliamente utilizadas como un modelo para determinar la toxicidad de productos sintéticos y naturales; este ensayo es sencillo, económico y rápido. Las larvas de A. salina son usadas también en microensayos de toxicidad, los cuales permiten evaluar un gran número de productos y series de diluciones (Solis et al., 1993). Sin embargo, nosotros observamos sistemáticamente que cerca del 30% de las larvas no tratadas morían. Con el propósito de mejorar la supervivencia y movilidad de las larvas, fijamos y controlamos varios parámetros: pH= 8.5 para el agua de mar artificial, alimentación durante eclosión, crecimiento y ensayo de toxicidad, larvas fototrópicas de 36 h, incubación de microplaca en cámara húmeda con agitación a 100 rpm e iluminación controlada. Adicionalmente incluimos como controles internos, diluciones seriadas de K2Cr2O7 (100.00-0.78 µg/mL), un conocido control positivo. La CL50 para K2Cr2O7 fue calculada mediante análisis Probit. Las modificaciones anteriormente mencionadas permitieron obtener el 100% de la supervivencia y muy buena movilidad de las larvas en los controles negativos. La CL50 para K2Cr2O7 fue 11.54 µg/mL, valor muy cercano al 12.50 µg/mL previamente reportado (González-Pérez et al., 2001). Los resultados obtenidos nos permitieron tener control de nuestro ensayo y los datos fueron analizados rápida y fácilmente. Nosotros proponemos este microensayo modificado el cual ofrece reproducibilidad y confiabilidad. Referencias: 1. Solis PN, Wright CW, Andersen MM, et al. A microwell cytotoxicity assay using Artemia salina (brine shrimp). Planta Med 1993;59:250-2. 2. González-Pérez Y, Aportela-Gilling P. Determinación de la toxicidad aguda del dicromato de potasio en larvas de Artemia salina. Anuario Toxicología 2001;1:104-8. P174- MANGIFERIN, A GLUCOSYLXANTHONE EXTRACTED FROM Mangifera indica L. PROTECTS FROM INJURY INDUCED TO DNA: in vitro STUDIES Rodeiro I, Morffi J, Garrido G and Delgado R Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Centro de Química Farmacéutica, 200 y 21, Atabey, Playa, Ciudad Habana. Email: [email protected] Mangiferina is a glucosylxanthone that can be extracted from Mangifera indica L. (Mango). In the last years, this polyphenol has been extensively studied and attributed different pharmacological properties as antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, immunomodulator, among other effects. In this study, the effects of mangiferin were evaluated on the damage induced by the gamma radiations and/or different mutagenic agents on the DNA using a battery of in vitro tests. They were used in the study two tests in bacteria: the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium and the test of induction of SOS genes in E. coli. On the other hand, the effects of mangiferin were evaluated on the DNA damage study of human lymphocytes from peripheral blood, the cell line of human linfoblastoid (AT567T) and hepatocytes’ culture using the Comet Assay. The results allow to affirm that mangiferin protects from mutagenicity induced in bacteria by mutagenic agents that is exposed the man frequently (mitomicin C, bleomicin and cyclophosphamide). The compound, in a concentration range of 5-100 ug/mL, also protected from the DNA damage of the biological radiations in all the test systems that were used. Mangiferin was able to protect (5-25 ug/mL) from the damage induced to the DNA by the hydrogen peroxide in the primary cultivation of rat hepatocytes. These results suggest that the antioxidant activity of mangiferin is related with the anti-mutagenic and anti-genotoxic effects observed in these tests and they enlarge the pharmacological properties of this compound.





155

P175- HEALING EFFECT OF THE SKIN-REGENERATED CREAM USING IN TRAUMATIC ULCERS OF WISTAR RATS LOWER MEMBERS Alfonso M, Quintela A, Lemus R, Garcia M Vascular Surgery and Angiology Institute. Calzada del Cerro 1551 esquina Dominguez, La Habana, Cuba. Email: [email protected] Introduction: The skin-regenerated cream is a natural product (peloide) formed by clay, mud, and gherkins. Its main functions consist in the healing, regeneration and skin- rebuilding process. Materials and method: 30 Wistar rats were used divided fortuitously into 3 groups of 10 animals each other. It was applied to group 1 the cream studied. In group 2, it was applied Zinc Oxide (Conventional treatment) and In group 3 (control) it wasn’t applied any cream. Results: After 72 hours of treatment, 50 percent of animals from group 1 and 30 percent from group 2 get better. There weren’t change in group 3. After 7 days of treatment, 100 percent from group 1 had healed their ulcers; however 30 percent from group 2 and 70 percent from group 3 still had ulcers without healing. Conclusions: This study allowed us to know and evaluate the healing process of the skin-regenerated cream, a national and accessible product. For this reason, we recommend to perform the clinical assay using this product in affected patients who suffer from ulcers. P176- PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A HYALURONIC ACID JELLY FOR THE WOUND HEALING Oruña L1, Lago G2, Coto G2, Bousa P3

1Center of Molecular Immunology. 216 esq. 15. Atabey. Playa, Habana 11 600. 2Placentary Histoterapy Center. 18 esq. 43. Playa, Habana 11 600. 3Evaluation of Drug Center 26 esq. Calzada del Cerro, Havana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: To assess pharmacologically three concentrations levels of a hyaluronic acid (HA) jelly that was obtained of the umbilical cord of human placental in the treatment of wound healing following morphological and biochemical indicators. Methods: Sixty Spraguey Dawley rats were used under controlled experimental conditions of temperature, humidity, 12/12 hr light cycles and ad libitum feeding. A wound was made on the dorsum of each animal with an 8 mm cutaneous biotome. Treatments were: spontaneous control (C), placebo (P), positive control (C+) and 2, 4 and 8% of HA jelly. Animals were treated for 7 days, and a daily clinical control of the wounds was made. Slaughtering was carried out at 7 days of treatment and samples were taken for histopathological studies with the H/E tinting and trichromic of Masson to evaluate the dermal reconstitution (DR) and epithelial migration (EM). Morphometric studies through a computer image treatment system (Digipat System) estimated the re-epitheliazed area and other indicators. Also the biochemical indicators were determined by acid hydrolysis as α amino, total amino acids and the identification among others of hydroxyproline through an amino acid analyser (Pharmacia). Results: The 2 and 4% HA jelly showed the best response regarding the remaining treatments with higher re-epithelization percentage and epithelial migrations, respectively. DR showed a difference between the two levels where 4% attained 100% in the II and III Degrees and 2% an 80% in the II Degree. The biochemical indicators performed similarly for the jelly in the three concentrations with a decreasing trend in 8, and 2%, respectively. Conclusion: On analysing integrally the results it is considered that 4% jelly attains the best therapeutic efficiency in the wounds healing.





156

P177- PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF Rhizophora mangle L. AS ANTIULCEROGENIC POTENTIAL DRUG Sánchez-Perera LMa, Beringuer Bb, Martin Calero MJ b, Bulnes Ca, Escobar Aa, Carnesolta Dc, Remigio MAd

aChemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, National Centre for Animal and Plant Heath Cuba, CENSA, Apdo. 10, San José de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] bDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Profesor García González Street No. 2, 41012 Seville, Spain. cINOR, Cuba. dCIDEM, Cuba Rhizophora mangle L. is vegetal specie with a high distribution in Cuba. This specie is characterized by several ethnobotanical activities as antiseptic, astringent and a fungicide, as well for treating skin ulcers. In the present work we described a complete pharmacological, toxicological and chemical evaluation of this plant by it use as human medicine in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. Acute and chronic’s gastric and duodenal models were used by test they antiulcerogenic effect. These models were: protective and prostaglandin activity in ethanol-HCL; indomethacin and diclofenac models in rats. Antisecretor effect in the pyloric ligation. Duodenal activity in cysteamine administration test and chronic ulcers produced by topical application of acetic acid on gastric wall. Other pharmacological test were making as intestinal transit, activity over arterial pression and ileum activity. We studied chemical profile of this aqueous extract by colorimetric, HPLC and Gas Chromatography and we make some toxicological studied (acute and sub- acute toxicological studied and genotoxicological testing). Aqueous extract of Rhizophora mangle ´s bark shown gastroprotective, antioxidant, antisecretor effects, as well this extract induced a recovery of PGE2 levels in doses – dependence comparable of knowledge antiulcerogenic medicaments. Not effect was observed by arterial pression in rats and intestinal transit was inhibited. The intestinal motility was stimulated. The extract presented polyphenolic structures (54.78%) and other structural components (45.22%). Polymeric tannins were the major polyphenolic component (80%) and 20% were hydrolysable tannins. Epicatechin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and ellagic acid were monomeric structures determined in this extract. Phytosterols (0.0285%): stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and likewise campesterol were present too. No toxicological signs were obtained by this extract in the maxim therapeutic doses. Acknowledgments: I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Ma. José Martin Calero; University of Seville, Spain and Coordinator of PIGASTRIN Project, X-10, CYTED for the opportunity offered to collaborate with CENSA staff on natural products research- finding by the treatment of gastrointestinal action. Thanks are due to The Cuban Minister of Public Health for financial support of the projects. References: 1. Sánchez LM et al (2001). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77, 1-3. 2. Sánchez LM et al. (2004). Pharmaceutical Biology 42 (3). 3. Sánchez LM et. Al. (2006) Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 6(5). 4. Beringuer Bettina, Sánchez LM et al. (2006) Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103(2) pp. 194-200.

Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología -...

Documents

Transcript of Sociedad Cubana de Farmacología -...