Tamaño y fuerza del estado

8/20/2019 Tamaño y fuerza del estado

1/21

State-Building:The Missing Dimensions of Stateness

Francis Fukuyama

Johns Hopkins UniersitySchool of !danced "nternational Studies


2/21

Functions of the State

Source: #orld Bank$ #orld Deelopment %eport$ &''(

Addressing market failure Improving equity

Minimal Functions Providing pure public goods

Protecting the

poor

Defense

Antipoverty

programs

Law and rder Disaster relief

Property !ights

Macroeconomic management

Public "ealth

Intermediate Functions

Addressing

e#ternalities$

!egulating

monopoly$

vercoming

imperfect information$

Providing social

insurance

Providing social

insurance$

education utility regulation Insurance

!edistributive

pensions

environmental protection anti%trust Financial regulation

Family

allowances

&onsumer protection

'nemployment

insurance

Activist Functions

&oordinating private

activity$ !edistribution$

Fostering markets

Asset

redistribution

&luster initiatives


3/21

The Scope of State Functions

M i n i m

a l F u n c t i o n

s

I n t e r m

e d i a t e F u n c

t i o n s

A c t i v i s t F u n c t i o n s

) r o i d i n g p u r e p u * l i c g

o o d s

D e f e n

s e $ + a , a n d o r d

e r

) r o p e r t y r i g h t s

M a c r o

e c o n o m i c m a n a g e m e n t

) u * l i c

h e a l t h

" m p r o i n g e - u i t y

) r o t e c

t i n g t h e p o o r

.-a/is

! d d r e s s i n g e / t e r n a l i t i e s

0 d u c a t i o n $ e n i r o n m

e n t

% e g u l a t i n g M o n o p o l y

1 e r c o m i n g i m p e r f e c t e d u c a t i o n

" n s u r a n c e $ f i n a n c i a l

r e g u l a t i o n

S o c i a l

" n s u r a n c e

" n d u s t r i a l p o l i c y

# e a l t h r e d i s t r i * u t i o n


4/21

T,o Dimensions of Stateness

Scope of State Functions

S t r e n g t h

o f S t a t e " n s t i t u t i o n s


5/21

State 2apacity

state function

c a p a c i t y


6/21

Stateness and 0fficiency


S t r e n g t h


3uadrant " 3uadrant ""

3uadrant """ 3uadrant "4


7/21

The Stateness Matri/


S t r e n g t h


USS%

Japan

Bra5il

Sierra +eone

United States

France

Turkey


8/21

2hange oer Time


S t r e n g t h


USS% &'67

Japan &'67

%ussia 8777

Japan 877&

9e, ealand &'6&

9e, ealand &'';


9/21

%eform )aths


S t r e n g t h


)ath ""

)ath "

)ath """

)ath "4


10/21

Ta/ 0/traction %ates < )er 2apita =D)


11/21

2omponents of "nstitutional 2apacity

component discipline transferability

rgani(ational design andmanagement

management) publicadministration) economics high

Institutional design

political science)

economics) law medium

*asis of legitimation political science medium%low

+ocial and cultural factors sociology) anthropology low


12/21

#eak States and the Black Hole

of )u*lic !dministration> 2entral issue of all organi5ational theory is

delegated discretion

> Underlying issue in socialism de*ate

?Hayek@$ corporate structure ?2handler@$

federalism

> 2ontemporary approach *rings this under a principal-agent frame,ork


13/21

)rincipal-!gent Theory

> 2oase$ theory of the firm &'A(

> !lchian and Demset5$ firms as ne/us of

contracts &'(8

> #illiamson$ opportunism and *ounded

rationality

> Jensen and Meckling$ agency costs &'(

> Fama$ markets for managers &'67


14/21

Domains of 1rgani5ational

Uncertainty> !m*iguity of goals

> "mpossi*ility of erecting formal system of

monitoring and incenties

> "na*ility to determine appropriate degree of

delegation ex ante


15/21

)u*lic Sector 1utputs

+o, Transaction olume High

+ o ,

S p e c i f i c i t y

H i g h

3uadrant " 3uadrant ""

3uadrant """ 3uadrant "4


16/21

Monitora*ility of )u*lic Sector 1utputs

+o, Transaction olume High

+ o ,

S p e c i f i c i t y

H i g h

2entral *anking

!ircraft maintenance

)rimary school teaching

High,ay maintenance

)reentatie medicine

Telecoms

=uidance counseling

Foreign affairs

%ailroads

Uniersity education

2ourt systems


17/21

2onseuences of 1rgani5ational

!m*iguity> 9eed to understand *etter ,here different

pu*lic sector actiities fall in the matri/

C Seek to fi/ pro*lems that are actually sola*le

> 9e, approaches to actiities for ,hich

there are no *est practicesE

> 9eed to teach deelopment differently


18/21

#hat follo,s if pu*lic

administration is not a science> 9eed for metis ?Scott@

> Does not necessarily imply leaing local

institutions in place> %euires rather conte/tual Gudgment a*out

applica*ility of foreign models

> 9eed to think a*out the structure ofdecision-making rather than content ofdecisions


19/21

!pplications

> Japan: Mac!rthurs decision to keep the

0mperor

C ersus the clean *reak in =ermany

> "ra: dis*anding the "rai !rmy

> "ra: tri*alism in the Sunni triangle


20/21

Making Things #orse

> "F"s and donor community complicit in

destruction of institutional capacity

> 2ontradiction *et,een o*Gecties of

capacity-*uilding and proision of serices

> 9eed to rethink aims and emphasis of )hase

"" nation-*uilding


21/21

"mplications for Democracy

)romotion> 9eed to rethink &''7s emphasis on ciil

society

C =ood theory *ut uestiona*le allocation ofresources

> 9eed to deal first ,ith pro*lem of ,eak

states C )arty-*uilding ahead of ciil society promotion

Tamaño y fuerza del estado

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