Taxonomies Presentation
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Taxonomies & Classification
Shannon LucasInformation Architecture
INF 389F
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Taxonomies & Classification
Classification
Classification theory refers to a cognitive process, not aphysical one (i.e., arranging books).
Is basically categorization and aims at making informationmore accessible.
Humans tend to classify almost universally at the genuslevel.
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Taxonomies & Classification
Genus-Level Classification
Animal
Vertebrate
Reptile
Lizard
Bearded Dragon
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Taxonomies & Classification
Exact Schemes
Divide along sections that are well defined or mutuallyexclusive.
Usually involve known-item searching. Common exact schemes:
Alphabetical - White Page residential listings,employee directories.
Chronological - Time lines, news coverage, web logs. Geographical - Travel planners, bus routes, travel
directions.
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Taxonomies & Classification
Ambiguous Schemes
Organization based on subjective areas that people maybe more familiar with.
Common ambiguous schemes: Subject Task Audience
Metaphor
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Taxonomies & Classification
Subject Classification
Also called topical classification. Rooted in Aristotles idea of perfect categories. Categories based on external characteristics or
subjectively determined aboutness.
Allows users to find by browsing. Made more powerful through cross-referencing.
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Yahoo Social Science Directory
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Yahoo LIS Directory 01
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Yahoo LIS Directory 02
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Taxonomies & Classification
Problems With Subject Classification
Some categories group items with few (or no) similarfeatures.
Wittgenstein noticed this with the category games. J. L. Austins word study also exposed further problems
caused by property names.
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Taxonomies & Classification
Task-Based
Focuses on activities users are expected to perform. Task-based schemes are familiar from desktop
applications.
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Task-Based Classification
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Taxonomies & Classification
Audience-Based
Organizes content based on expected user type. Often placed on top of another classification system.
Can also offer per user customization.
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Epson Main Site
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Epson North America
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Epson Ireland
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Epson Japan
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Taxonomies & Classification
Metaphors
Use concepts which users may already be familiar with. Desktop metaphor use in most operating systems. Spatial metaphors very common.
Often focus more on perception thanconceptualization.
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Oscar Mayer
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Apple eWorld
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Lipton Favorites
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Taxonomies & Classification
Taxonomies
No agreed upon definition, but is manifestation of aclassification system.
Most people familiar with hierarchies and parent-childrelationships.
Two main types of web taxonomies: Descriptive Navigational
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Taxonomies & Classification
Descriptive Taxonomies
Use a controlled vocabulary to allow retrieval bysearching.
Can be made more user-friendly by indexing synonymsand common misspellings.
Are easily grown by adding by adding parent-child orthesaurus relationships.
Data management vocabularies allow a bottom-upapproach.
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Mayo Clinic
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Taxonomies & Classification
Navigational Taxonomies
Focus is user and not content. Generally a top-down approach using ambiguous
classification system.
Language used for links different from descriptivetaxonomy.
Architect must decide on breadth and depth. Broad and shallow generally considered better.
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Taxonomies & Classification
Deep Hierarchy
Transport
Air Sea
Planes Balloons Submarines Boats
Powered Unpowered
Human
Powered
Fueled
Powered Unpowered
Human
Powered
Fueled
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Taxonomies & Classification
Wider Hierarchy
Transport
Air Sea
Planes Balloons Submarines Boats
UnpoweredHuman
PoweredFueled
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ThylacineTaxonomies & Classification
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Taxonomies & Classification
References
Benyon, D. R., (1998). Beyond Navigation as Metaphor. Retrieved October 25, 2003 fromhttp://www.dcs.napier.ac.uk/~dbenyon/EuroDL.html
Conway, S., & Sligar, C., (2002). Unlocking Knowledge Assets. Redmond, Washington. MicrosoftPress.
Cooperating Systems, Inc. (2003). HelloWorld Overview. Retrieved October 26, 2003 fromhttp://www.cooperatingsystems.com/helloworld/overview/index.html
Neural Networks Research Center (NNRC) at Helsinki University of Technology (HUT). (1999).WEBSOM - A novem SOM-based approach to free-text mining. Retrieved October 25, 2003 fromhttp://websom.hut.fi/
Norman, D.A., (1990). Why Interfaces Dont Work. In B. Laurel (Ed.), The Art of Human-ComputerInterface Design (pp. 209-219). Reading, Massachusetts. Addison-Wesley
Raskin, J., (2002). The Humane Interface.. Boston. Addison-Wesley.
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Taxonomies & Classification
References (continued)
Rosenfeld, L., & Morville, P. (2002). Information Architecture for the World Wide Web. Cambridge:OReilly.
Taylor, Arlene G. (1999). The Organization of Information. Westport, Connecticut: LibrariesUnlimited.
Van Duyne, D., Landay, J.A., & Hong, J.I. (2003). The Design of Sites. Boston: Addison-Wesley.