Tesis Diseño BancoP. Franc

7/21/2019 Tesis Diseño BancoP. Franc

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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITÉCNICO

“SANTIAGO MARIÑO”

EXTENSIÓN VALENCIA

DISEÑO DE UN BANCO DE PRUEBAS PARA MEJORAR EL PROCESODE COMPROBACIÓN DEL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS

TABLEROS ELÉCTRICOS FABRICADOS ENLA EMPRESA ELEKTROMEK C.A.

Trabajo E!"#$a% &" Gra&o !r""'(a&o #o)o r"*+$$(o !ar#$a%!ara o!(ar a% T,(+%o &" I'-"'$"ro E%"#(r$#$(a.

Autor: /ra'#$#o V$%%"-aTutor acad!"co: Mar$o A-+$%ar

Va%"'#$a0 No1$")br" 2345REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA



EXTENSIÓN VALENCIA



DEDICATORIA

A#RADECIMIENTOS

$NDICE #ENERAL

$1


TABLEROS ELÉCTRICOS FABRICADOS EN

LA EMPRESA ELEKTROMEK C.A.

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Tutor acad!"co: Mar$o A-+$%ar

Va%"'#$a0 No1$")br" 2345



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CAP$TULO

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LISTA DE CUADROS

No. P!4

LISTA DE FI#URAS

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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA



EXTENSIÓN VALENCIA


TABLEROS ELÉCTRICOS FABRICADOS ENLA EMPRESA ELEKTROMEK C.A.

Autor: /ra'#$#o V$%%"-a

Tutor acad!"co: Mar$o A-+$%ar



RESUMEN

La ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A " +'a #o)!a,a 1"'"9o%a'a =abr$#a'(" &"(ab%"ro &" =+"r9a0 #o'(ro%0 !ro("##$o'"0 PoF"r o+" o(ro0 a!%$#a&o a!ro"#(o &" -"'"ra#$:' &$(r$b+#$:' &" "'"r-,a "%@#(r$#a0 !ara &$="r"'(""#(or" $'&+(r$a%"H !"(r:%"o0 -a0 "'"r-,a0 $'=ra"(r+#(+ra0 ")!r"a &"$'-"'$"r,a "' -"'"ra%. La !%a'(a =abr$#a'(" &" (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o!"r("'"#$"'(" a %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A0 #+"'(a #o' +' &"!ar(a)"'(o "%#+a% "( "'#ar-a&o &" r"a%$9ar &$="r"'(" ($!o &" !r+"ba a %o (ab%"ro"%@#(r$#o *+" o' =abr$#a&o "' !%a'(a o(ro a&*+$r$&o &" !ro1""&or""7("r$or". E' "% !r""'(" Trabajo E!"#$a% &" Gra&o " "'#+"'(ra %a$'1"($-a#$:' '"#"ar$a !ara %a r"a%$9a#$:' &"% &$"o &" +' ba'#o &"!r+"ba *+" !"r)$(a )"jorar "% !ro#"o &" #o)!roba#$:' &"% =+'#$o'a)$"'(o

&" %o &$="r"'(" (ab%"ro =abr$#a&o "' !%a'(a. E% &"arro%%o &" %a$'1"($-a#$:' $'$#$: "' %a /a" I #o' "% "(+&$o &" %a $(+a#$:' a#(+a% !r""'(""' %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A. ba'&o" "' %a (@#'$#a &" r"#o%"##$:' &"$'=or)a#$:'. A #o'($'+a#$:' "' %a /a" II0 " "="#(Ja "% a'%$$ &" %o &a(or"#o%"#(a&o "' "% &$a-':($#o0 a, &"%$)$(ar %a '"#"$&a&" &" &"%&"!ar(a)"'(o &" !r+"ba &" (ab%"ro &" %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A.S"-+$&a)"'(" "' %a /a" III " %%"1a a #abo "% &$"o &"% ba'#o &" !r+"ba"!"#$=$#a'&o (o&a %a $'-"'$"r,a &" &"(a%%" r"*+"r$&a !ara %a #o'=or)a#$:' &"%"*+$!o. E' %a /a" IV " r"a%$9a "% "(+&$o (@#'$#o "#o':)$#o !ara&"("r)$'ar $ "% ba'#o &" !r+"ba r"!r""'(ar b"'"=$#$o o%1"'(ar %a'"#"$&a& &" %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A.

D&'cr"%tor&': Tab%"ro "%@#(r$#o. Ba'#o &" Pr+"ba. Co'(ro% &" Ca%$&a&.



INTRODUCCIÓN

La #o)!"("'#$a $'&+(r$a% a '$1"% )+'&$a% "7$-" )aor "=$#$"'#$a

-ara'(,a %o !ro&+#(o =abr$#a&oK !or %o (a'(o " a' r"=$'a&o %a#a!a#$&a&" &" %o $(")a &" "1a%+a#$:' "' ""'#$a )*+$'a &"

"7!"r$)"'(a#$:' !r+"ba "' %a =br$#a &" !ro&+##$:'0 b+#a'&o %o-rar

#o' "(o $'!"##$o'ar #o' )aor "=$#$"'#$a %a #a%$&a& &" %o !ro&+#(o

=abr$#a&o0 =+'&a)"'(a% !ara "% =+'#$o'a)$"'(o :!($)o &" %o !ro#"o &"

!ro&+##$:' $'&+(r$a%" *+" "7$-"' !r"#$$:'0 #a%$&a& 1"%o#$&a&. La #a%$&a&

&" +' !ro&+#(o =$'a% "( &"("r)$'a&a !or %o !+'(o &" #o'(ro% +b$#a&o

"(ra(@-$#a)"'(" "' %a &$1"ra "(a!a &" =abr$#a#$:'. E(o !+'(o &"

#o'(ro% " r"a%$9a' (a'(o "' + &$"o0 1a%$&a#$:' !r+"ba0 #o)o "' %a

$'!"##$:' "7a+($1a &+ra'(" "% !ro#"o !ro&+#($1o.

E%"(ro)" C.A. " +'a ")!r"a 1"'"9o%a'a &"&$#a&a a% &"arro%%o

=abr$#a#$:' &" (ab%"ro &" =+"r9a0 #o'(ro%0 !ro("##$o'"0 PoF"r o+"0 !ara

&$="r"'(" a!%$#a#$o'" "' &$($'(o #a)!o $'&+(r$a%". La !o%,($#a &" %a

")!r"a #o'$(" "' %a a($=a##$:' &" %o #%$"'(" a (ra1@ &" %a !r"(a#$:'

&" "r1$#$o =abr$#a#$:' &" !ro&+#(o *+" #+)!%a' #o' %o r"*+"r$)$"'(o

&" #a%$&a&0 #o'=$ab$%$&a& "-+r$&a&. Para %o-rar "(" #o)"($&o #+"'(a #o'+' &"!ar(a)"'(o &" #o)!roba#$:' &" %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o =abr$#a&o

&"'(ro &" %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A. "' "% #+a% r"1$(" +'a -ra' $)!or(a'#$a

a *+" a (ra1@ &" &$#o $(")a " -ara'($9a %a !ro&+##$:' #o' "('&ar"

&" #a%$&a& "=$#$"'#$a *+" &")a'&a' %o #%$"'(".

E% !r""'(" Trabajo "!"#$a% &" Gra&o0 "(a !r$'#$!a%)"'(" or$"'(a&o a

&$"ar +' $(")a &" !r+"ba *+" !"r)$(a )"jorar "% !ro#"o &"

#o)!roba#$:' &"% =+'#$o'a)$"'(o &" %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o "' %a ")!r"a

E%"(ro)" C.A. #o' "% obj"(o &" a+)"'(ar %a a($=a##$:' &" %o #%$"'("0 a,

#o)o &" ("'"r )aor a!"r(+ra &"'(ro &" +' )"r#a&o #a)b$a'(" +' r"a

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#+a(ro #a!,(+%o %o #+a%" " &"arro%%ara' &" %a $-+$"'(" )a'"raH



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!rob%")a "7!%$#a'&o %a '"#"$&a&" =+'#$:' &"% !ro"#(o a r"a%$9ar0 "

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#o)!roba#$:' &" %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o "a ) "=$#$"'(". E(" #a!,(+%o

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-"'"ra% %o obj"($1o "!"#,=$#o0 !or J%($)o "' "(a "##$:' " "7!o'"' %a

j+($=$#a#$o'" &" %a $'1"($-a#$:'.

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*+" +("'(a' "(a $'1"($-a#$:'.

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*+" " &"=$'$r %a )o&a%$&a& ($!o &" $'1"($-a#$:' "' %a *+" "(a

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%a #+a%" (ra'#+rr$: "% &"arro%%o &" %a $'1"($-a#$:'0 #o)!r"'&" "j"#+#$:'

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CAP$TULO I

EL PROBLEMA

Co(t&)tua*"+ac",( d&* %ro-*&!a

La "%"#(r$#$&a& " +'a !ar(" ""'#$a% &" %a 1$&a )o&"r'a0 %a "#o'o),a &"

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*+" " abr" " #$"rra "-J' %a ("'$:' &" + ("r)$'a%". V"r /$-+ra ?.

Figura % H R&ct"2"cac",( d& corr"&(t&. /+"'("H T"or,a &" C$r#+$(o D$!o$($1oE%"#(r:'$#o.

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos10/riel/riel.shtml#corr

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F"*tro d& o(da

La ("'$:' "' %a #ar-a *+" " ob($"'" &" +' r"#($=$#a&or " "' =or)a &"

!+%o. E' +' #$#%o &" a%$&a #o)!%"(o0 %a ("'$:' "' %a #ar-a a+)"'(a &"

#"ro a +' 1a%or &" !$#o0 !ara #a"r &"!+@ &" '+"1o a #"ro. E(a 'o "%a #%a" &" ("'$:' #o'($'+a *+" !r"#$a' %a )aor !ar("

&" #$r#+$(o "%"#(r:'$#o. Lo *+" " '"#"$(a " +'a ("'$:' #o'(a'("0

$)$%ar a %a *+" !ro&+#" +'a ba("r,a. Para ob("'"r "(" ($!o &" ("'$:'

r"#($=$#a&a "' %a #ar-a " '"#"ar$o ")!%"ar +' =$%(ro.

E% ($!o ) #o)J' &" =$%(ro " "% &"% #o'&"'a&or a %a "'(ra&a0 "' %a

)aor,a &" %o #ao !"r="#(a)"'(" 1%$&o. V"r /$-+ra .

Figura &H O(da 2"*trada. /+"'("H T"or,a &" C$r#+$(o D$!o$($1o E%"#(r:'$#o.

E* r&0u*ador

U' r"-+%a&or o "(ab$%$9a&or " +' #$r#+$(o *+" " "'#ar-a &" r"&+#$r "%

r$9a&o &" !ro!or#$o'ar +'a ("'$:' &" a%$&a &" %a ("'$:' "7a#(a *+"

*+"ra)o. V"r /$-+ra 43.

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/nuevmicro/nuevmicro.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos901/debate-multicultural-etnia-clase-nacion/debate-multicultural-etnia-clase-nacion.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/nuevmicro/nuevmicro.shtml

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Figura 1' H R&0u*ador d& t&('",(. /+"'("H T"or,a &" C$r#+$(o D$!o$($1o E%"#(r:'$#o.



Fu&(t& d& corr"&(t&

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#o'(a'(" $'&"!"'&$"'(")"'(" &"% 1a%or &" %a ("'$:' "' + bor'". E' "%#ao a'("r$or &" %a =+"'(" &" ("'$:' ab,a +'a r"$("'#$a $'("r'a )+

!"*+"a0 !"ro +'a =+"'(" &" #orr$"'(" " &$="r"'("0 ($"'" +'a r"$("'#$a

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a%$&a *+" 'o &"!"'&" &"% 1a%or &" %a r"$("'#$a &" #ar-a. V"r /$-+ra 44.

Figura 11H Fu&(t& d& corr"&(t&. /+"'("H P"aT"#.

E(c*a/a!"&(to' &*ctr"co'

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!o$b%" ++ar$o. V"r /$-+ra 42.

Figura 12 H Pu&'ta a T"&rra. /+"'("H L$(a&o &" ,)bo%o "%@#(r$#o.

Parada d& &!&r0&(c"a

Lo &$!o$($1o &" !ara&a &" ")"r-"'#$a o=r"#"' a %o o!"ra&or" +'a

=or)a &" &"("'"r "% &$!o$($1o &+ra'(" +'a ")"r-"'#$a #o' o%o a!r"(ar +'

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!ara "% o!"rar$o #o)o !ara %a )*+$'a. V"r /$-+ra 48.

Figura 1H Bot,( Parada d& E!&r0&(c"a. /+"'("H S$")"'.

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4.

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#o'($(+" “La )@&+%a &"% !%a' *+" " r"=$"r" a %a &"#r$!#$:' &" %a

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r"#o%"##$:' &" &a(o0 %o $'(r+)"'(o0 %o !ro#"&$)$"'(o %a (@#'$#a &"

a'%$$.”

Moda*"dad d& *a I(/&'t"0ac",(

S"-J' Ta)ao 233> &"=$'" %a $'1"($-a#$:' #o)o +' !ro#"o *+"0

)"&$a'(" %a a!%$#a#$:' &"% )@(o&o #$"'(,=$#o0 !ro#+ra ob("'"r $'=or)a#$:'

r"%"1a'(" =$&"&$-'a0 !ara "'("'&"r0 1"r$=$#ar0 #orr"-$r o a!%$#ar "%

#o'o#$)$"'(o. A, )$)o0 "7!r"a *+" %a $'1"($-a#$:' " "% "(+&$o$(")($#o0 #o'(ro%a&o ")!,r$#o0 r"=%"7$1o #r,($#o &" !ro!o$#$o'"

$!o(@($#a obr" %a r"%a#$o'" *+" "7$("' "'(r" %o ="':)"'o 'a(+ra%".

E' "(" "'($&o Ar$a 4?0 "7!%$#a *+" %a $'1"($-a#$:' &" #a)!o

#o'$(" "' %a r"#o%"##$:' &" &a(o &$r"#(a)"'(" &" %a r"a%$&a& &o'&"



o#+rr"' %o "#o0 $' )a'$!+%ar o #o'(ro%ar 1ar$ab%" a%-+'a. La

$'1"($-a#$:' #o'$($r "' +' "(+&$o r"a%$9a&o #o' "% =$' &" $'("r!r"(ar0

"'("'&"r %a 'a(+ra%"9a "7!%$#ar %a #a+a "="#(o &"r$1a&o &" %a

!rob%")($#a obj"(o a "(+&$ar0 !or %o #+a% %o &a(o "r' (o)a&o &" %ar"a%$&a&.

A)bo a+(or" #o'#+"r&a' "' *+" %a $'1"($-a#$:' " +' !ro#"o &"

bJ*+"&a &" r"!+"(a0 $'("rro-a'(" o $'=or)a#$:'0 &" )a'"ra #%ara

"=$#a90 a!%$#a'&o +'a "r$" &" (@#'$#a )@(o&o. Baa&o "' "%%o !"r)$("

&"#+br$r '+"1o "#o o &a(o0 r"%a#$o'" o %"" "' #+a%*+$"r #a)!o &"

#o'o#$)$"'(o +)a'o.

Par($"'&o &" %o a'("r$or)"'(" "7!+"(o0 a#"r#a &" %a !rob%")($#a"(+&$a&a "' %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" !%a'(a 1a%"'#$a0 " %%"1a a #abo bajo

+'a $'1"($-a#$:' &" #a)!o0 a *+" !ara + &"arro%%o =+" '"#"ar$a %a (o)a

&" $'=or)a#$:' a (ra1@ &" %a ob"r1a#$:' &$r"#(a.

T"%o d& "(/&'t"0ac",(

A% )o)"'(o &" ($!$=$#ar +'a $'1"($-a#$:'0 a &" !r$1ar "% ($'o "(+&$oo0

a *+" "(a #%a$=$#a#$:' " o!or(a obr" "% #o)!o'"'(" !ro#"&$)"'(a% *+"

"1"'(+a%)"'(" " "j"#+(ara. A,0 " ($!$=$#ara "% (rabajo "' 1$r(+& a% or$9o'("

*+" " !r"1@. Ta)ao 4 %o !+'(+a%$9a &" )a'"ra ba(a'(" #%ara #+a'&o

a#o(a *+" " '"#"ar$o ("'"r "' #+"'(a "% ($!o &" $'1"($-a#$:' o "(+&$o *+"

" 1a a r"a%$9ar0 a *+" #a&a +'o ($"'" +'a "(ra("-$a &$="r"'(" !ara +

(ra(a)$"'(o )"(o&o%:-$#o.

E% ($!o &" $'1"($-a#$:' " r"=$"r" a %a "(ra("-$a &" a##$:' +($%$9a&a

!ara &"arro%%ar %a !ro!+"(a &" a#+"r&o a %a "(a!a )o)"'(o *+" "%%ar"*+$"r". E% &$##$o'ar$o &" %a $'1"($-a#$:' #$"'(,=$#a &" Ta)ao &$#" *+" "

%a "(r+#(+ra a "-+$r "' +'a $'1"($-a#$:' "j"r#$"'&o "% #o'(ro% &" %a )$)a

a =$' &" "'#o'(rar r"+%(a&o #o'=$ab%" r"%a#$:' #o' %o $'("rro-a'("

+r-$&o &" %a $!:("$0 +'a 1"9 *+" " !r"#$" "% !%a'("a)$"'(o &"%



!rob%")a0 " &"=$'" "% a%#a'#" $'$#$a% &" %a $'1"($-a#$:' " =or)+%"' %a

$!:("$0 "% $'1"($-a&or &"b" 1$+a%$9ar &" )a'"ra !r#($#a #o'#r"(a &"

r"!o'&"r a %a !r"-+'(a &" $'1"($-a#$:'0 a&") &" #+br$r %o obj"($1o

=$ja&o. E(o $)!%$#a "%"##$o'ar o &"arro%%ar +'o o ) &$"o &"$'1"($-a#$:' a!%$#ar%o a% #o'("7(o !ar($#+%ar &" + "(+&$o.

E% (rabajo "(ar or$"'(a&o "' %o *+" " &"'o)$'a !ro"#(o =a#($b%"0

(o)a'&o #o)o r"="r"'#$a %o "7!+"(o !or Ba%"(r$'$0 M 23340 &o'&" "a%a

*+" "(" ($!o &" "(+&$o "( or$"'(a&o a !ro!or#$o'ar r"!+"(a o

o%+#$o'" a !rob%")a !%a'("a&o "' +'a &"("r)$'a&a r"a%$&a&.

Po-*ac",( 8 Mu&'tra

Po-*ac",(

E( &"("r)$'a&a !or %a #a'($&a& &" $'&$1$&+o o "%")"'(o *+"

#o'=or)ara' "% +'$1"ro &" "(+&$o "' #+a%*+$"r $'1"($-a#$:' o a'%$$. E'

"% ("7(o &"% a+(or Ar$a /. 233;0 P-. ?40 " &"=$'" #o)o "% #o'j+'(o =$'$(o o

$'=$'$(o &" "%")"'(o #o' #ara#("r,($#a #o)+'" !ara %o #+a%" "r'

"7("'$1a %a #o'#%+$o'" &" %a $'1"($-a#$:'. E(a *+"&a &"%$)$(a&a !or "%

!rob%")a !or %o obj"($1o &" "(+&$o.

Co)o #o)!%")"'(o &" %a $'1"($-a#$:' !r""'(a&a !or Ar$a0 " !+"&"

aa&$r0 “(o(a%$&a& &" +' ="':)"'o "' "(+&$o0 $'#%+" %a (o(a%$&a& &" +'$&a&"

&" a'%$$ o "'($&a&" &" !ob%a#$:' *+" $'("-ra' &$#o ="':)"'o *+"

&"b" #+a'($=$#ar" !ara +' &"("r)$'a&o "(+&$o0 $'("-ra&o !or +' #o'j+'(o

N &" "'($&a&" *+" !ar($#$!a' &" +'a &"("r)$'a&a #ara#("r,($#a0 " %"

%%a)a !ob%a#$:' !or #o'($(+$r %a (o(a%$&a& &"% ="':)"'o a&#r$(o a +' "(+&$o

o $'1"($-a#$:'”. Ta)ao M. 2330 P-. 4?3.To)a'&o "' #o'$&"ra#$:' %a &"=$'$#$o'" "7!+"(a a'("r$or)"'("0 "

&"("r)$'a *+" %a !ob%a#$:' obj"(o &" "(+&$o "' "% !r""'(" !ro"#(o %o

#o'($(+"' %a #a'($&a& &" (ab%"ro *+" " =abr$#a' "' %a !%a'(a &"

"'a)b%aj" &" E%"(ro)" C.A.



Mu&'tra

E(a " +'a !or#$:' r"!r""'(a($1a &"% +'$1"ro o !ob%a#$:' bajo "(+&$o.

Ar$a /. 233;0 P-. ? &"=$'" a %a )+"(ra #o)o +' +b#o'j+'(o

r"!r""'(a($1o =$'$(o *+" " "7(ra" &" %a !ob%a#$:' a##"$b%". D" %a )$)a=or)a0 &"=$'" +'a )+"(ra r"!r""'(a($1a0 #o)o a*+"%%a *+" !or + (a)ao

#ara#("r,($#a $)$%ar" a %a &"% #o'j+'(o !"r)$(" a#"r $'="r"'#$a o

-"'"ra%$9ar %o r"+%(a&o a% r"(o &" %a !ob%a#$:' #o' +'a )ar-"' &" "rror

#o'o#$&o.

E% a+(or Ta)ao M. 2330 P-. 4?2 !r""'(a "% #o'#"!(o &" )+"(r"o

$'("'#$o'a&o0 "' "% #+a% "% $'1"($-a&or "%"##$o'a %o "%")"'(o *+" a +

j+$#$o o' r"!r""'(a($1o0 %o "7$-"' +' #o'o#$)$"'(o !r"1$o &" %a !ob%a#$:'*+" " "(+&$a' !ara !o&"r &"("r)$'ar #+%" o' %a #a("-or,a o

"%")"'(o *+" " !+"&"' #o'$&"rar #o)o r"!r""'(a($1o &"% ="':)"'o.

Ba'&o" "' %a &"=$'$#$:' &" )+"(r"o $'("'#$o'a%0 !r""'(a&o !or

Ta)ao M. %a )+"(ra "(ar #o'=or)a&a %o (ab%"ro !roba&o !or "%

&"!ar(a)"'(o &" #o'(ro% &" #a%$&a&.

Tc("ca' & "('tru!&(to' d& R&co*&cc",( d& Dato'

La (@#'$#a &" r"#o%"##$:' &" &a(o o' %a &$($'(a =or)a o

)a'"ra &" ob("'"r %a $'=or)a#$:'. Por (a% )o($1o0 "7$(" +'a -ra' &$1"r$&a&

&" (@#'$#a " $'(r+)"'(o *+" !+"&"' "r +($%$9a&a !or "% $'1"($-a&or !ara

"% &"arro%%o &" %o $(")a &" $'=or)a#$:'0 %o #+a%" !+"&"' "r %a

"'(r"1$(a0 %a "'#+"(a0 "% #+"($o'ar$o0 %a ob"r1a#$:'. To&a "(a

(@#'$#a " a!%$#ar' "' +' )o)"'(o "' !ar($#+%ar0 #o' "% !ro!:$(o &"

b+#ar $'=or)a#$:' *+" "r J($% !ara %a $'1"($-a#$:'. E' "(" "'($&o0 %a(@#'$#a &" r"#o%"##$:' &" &a(o a ")!%"ar "' "(a $'1"($-a#$:' "r %a

ob"r1a#$:' #$"'(,=$#a0 %a ob"r1a#$:' "(r+#(+ra&a o =or)+%a&a %a

"'(r"1$(a 'o "(r+#(+ra&a. D" $-+a% )o&o /$&$a G. 233;0 &"#r$b" *+"0 “+'

$'(r+)"'(o &" r"#o%"##$:' &" &a(o " #+a%*+$"r r"#+ro0 &$!o$($1o o



=or)a(o "' !a!"% o &$-$(a% *+" " +($%$9a !ara ob("'"r0 r"-$(rar o a%)a#"'ar

$'=or)a#$:'” Pa-. ;. E' &"=$'$($1a %+"-o &" &"=$'$r "% ($!o &" $'1"($-a#$:'

"% &$"o &" %a )$)a0 "r '"#"ar$o "(ab%"#"r %a (@#'$#a &" r"#o%"##$:'

&" &a(o !ara #o'(r+$r %o "%")"'(o *+" !"r)$($r' ob("'"r%o &" %ar"a%$&a&. Para "%%o "7$("' &$1"ro )@(o&o0 a #o'($'+a#$:' )"'#$o'a'

a%-+'o0 a+' #+a'&o "(o 'o %$)$(a "' '$'-J' )o&o a %o *+" +($%$9ar' a

*+" "% &"arro%%o &" %a $'1"($-a#$:' &"("r)$'ara %a (@#'$#a '"#"ar$a.

4. La ob"r1a#$:' #$"'(,=$#a %a #+a% !"r#$b" a#($1a)"'(" %a r"a%$&a&

"7("r$or #o' "% !ro!:$(o &" ("'"r %o &a(o *+" !r"1$a)"'(" a' $&o

&"=$'$&o &" $'("r@ !ara %a $'1"($-a#$:'. M"&$a'(" "(a (@#'$#a " "="#(+: "%

%"1a'(a)$"'(o &" %a $'=or)a#$:' #o'#"r'$"'(" a %o &a(o &" %o (ab%"ro *+"$'("-ra' %a )+"(ra &" "(+&$o.

2. Ob"r1a#$:' "(r+#(+ra&a o =or)a%$9a&a0 #+a'&o " "(ab%"#" &" a'("

)a'o +' !a+(a &" ob"r1a#$:' "7!%$#$(a &o'&" " &"(a%%a *+" &a(o

abr")o &" r"#o-"r0 %o &a(o " !+"&"' #+a'($=$#ar ) =#$%)"'(" &"b$&o

a + o)o-"'"$&a&0 " ("'&r %a #"r("9a &" 'o ab"r o%1$&a&o r"-$(rar

'$'-+'o &" %o a!"#(o !r$'#$!a%" &"% !rob%")a "' "(+&$o. Co' "(a

(@#'$#a " %o-r: #+a'($=$#ar %o #"'(ro &" #o'(ro% &" )o(or"0 (ab%"ro

$'&$1$&+a%"0 %o #o)!o'"'(" *+" %o $'("-ra'0 )"&$a'(" %o a##"o a %o

&$($'(o "!a#$o &"'(ro &" %a !%a'(a.

8. La "'(r"1$(a #o)o =or)a #o)o =or)a "!"#,=$#a &" $'("ra##$:' o#$a%

*+" ($"'" !or obj"(o r"#o%"#(ar &a(o !ara +'a $'&a-a#$:'. E% $'1"($-a&or

=or)+%a !r"-+'(a a %a !"ro'a #a!a#" &" a!or(ar%" &a(o &" $'("r@0

"(ab%"#$"'&o +' &$%o-o0 &o'&" +'a b+#a r"#o-"r $'=or)a#$:' %a o(ra "

%a =+"'("K " a &" +($%$9ar "' "% !r""'(" !ro"#(o %a "'(r"1$(a 'o

"(r+#(+ra&a o 'o =or)a%$9a&a &o'&" "7$(" +' )ar-"' ) o )"'o -ra'&"#o' %$b"r(a& !ara =or)+%ar %a !r"-+'(a r"!+"(a0 'o " -+,a' !or +'

#+"($o'ar$o o )o&"%o r,-$&o. Lo r"%"1a'(" &" "(a (@#'$#a " *+" "% a'%$$

#+a%$(a($1o "7$-" &"#r$!#$:'0 $'("r!r"(a#$:' "7!%$#a#$:' &" %o &a(o "

$'=or)a#$:' ob("'$&a )"&$a'(" %a a!%$#a#$:' &" #r$("r$o (@#'$#o.



Proc&d"!"&(to' d& *a I(/&'t"0ac",(

Par($"'&o &"% ($!o &" $'1"($-a#$:' &" %a )"(o&o%o-,a a +($%$9ar "

&$1$&$r "% "(+&$o "' #+a(ro "(a!a o =a" *+" #orr"%a($1a)"'(" "&"b"' $r #+)!%$"'&o !ara &ar !ao a %a $-+$"'("0 "(a " &"#r$b"' a

#o'($'+a#$:'H

Fa'& I: D"a0(o't"car *a '"tuac",( actua* u& '& %r&'&(ta dura(t& &*

%roc&'o d& co!%ro-ac",( d&* 2u(c"o(a!"&(to d& *o' ta-*&ro'

&*ctr"co' 2a-r"cado' &( *a &!%r&'a E*&9tro!&9 C.A. a tra/' d& *a'

tc("ca' d& r&co*&cc",( d& "(2or!ac",(.

I'$#$a%)"'(" " &"arro%%: +' &$a-':($#o &" %a $(+a#$:' "7$("'(" "' %ar"a%$&a& &" "(+&$o0 #o)o +' )"&$o !ara r"#o'o#"r %a !ro!$"&a&"

#ara#("r,($#a &"% obj"(o o #ao "' $'1"($-a#$:'0 &" "(a =or)a r"a%$9ar +'

a'%$$ o b+#ar +'a o%+#$:' a + !rob%")a o &$=$#+%(a&". E(a "(a!a "

r"a%$9: !ara &"("r)$'ar %a =or)a "' *+" "% &"!ar(a)"'(o &" !r+"ba #o'(ro%

&" #a%$&a& &" %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A. r"a%$9a + o!"ra#$o'" "' %a

!%a'(a &" =abr$#a#$:' &" (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#oK )"&$a'(" "% +o &" &$($'(a

(@#'$#a "rra)$"'(a #o)o %a $'!"##$:' %a ob"r1a#$:' &$r"#(a0 "%

"(+&$o0 a!%$#a#$:' &" !r+"ba0 (o)a &" &a(o0 #o'+%(a (@#'$#a0 r"1$$:'

&" $'=or)a#$:' (@#'$#a &o#+)"'(a%0 (o&o "(o #o' %a &"b$&a a"or,a -+,a

&"% !"ro'a% #a%$=$#a&o &" %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A. E $)!or(a'(" r"a%(ar

*+" &+ra'(" "(a =a" " a#" +o &" %a (@#'$#a " $'(r+)"'(o &"

r"#o%"##$:' &" $'=or)a#$:' #o' %a =$'a%$&a& &" #+)!%$r "% obj"($1o &" r"a%$9ar

+' &$a-':($#o *+" $'&$#a "% #o)$"'9o !+"(a "' )ar#a &" %a

$'1"($-a#$:' !ro!$a)"'("0 !ara a, r"#abar (o&a %a $'=or)a#$:' !o$b%" obr"

"% #ao &" "(+&$o. E' "(a !r$)"ra =a" " +($%$9: %a (@#'$#a '"#"ar$a!ara %a r"#o%"##$:' &" &a(o0 ("'$"'&o #o)o !+'(o &" !ar($&a %a ob"r1a#$:'

&$r"#(a0 #o' %a )$)a " %o-r: #o'o#"r %a )"(o&o%o-,a *+" "% &"!ar(a)"'(o

&" !r+"ba #o'(ro% &" #a%$&a& ")!%"a !ara r"a%$9ar %a !r+"ba0 a, )$)o

#o'o#"r %o "*+$!o *+" +($%$9a&o !ara r"a%$9ar %a !r+"ba.



Fa'& II: A(a*"+ar *o' r&'u*tado' o-t&("do' d&* d"a0(,'t"co %ara

d&t&r!"(ar *a' (&c&'"dad&' d&* d&%arta!&(to d& %ru&-a' 8 co(tro* d&

ca*"dad d& *o' ta-*&ro' &*ctr"co' 2a-r"cado' &( *a &!%r&'a E*&9tro!&9

C.A.E' "(a =a" &"% !ro"#(o a("'&$"'&o a %o r"+%(a&o &"% &$a-':($#o

r"a%$9a&o "' %a =a" a'("r$or0 " !ro$-+" #o' "% a'%$$ &" (o&o %o &a(o

r"#o%"#(a&o "' %a /a" I0 "% a'%$$ &" &a(o " #"'(ra "' %a $'="r"'#$a0 "%

!ro#"o &" &"r$1ar +'a #o'#%+$:' ba'&o" o%a)"'(" "' %o *+" #o'o#" "%

$'1"($-a&or. E(" !ro#"o &" a'%$$ &" &a(o "r1$r !ara $'!"##$o'ar0

%$)!$ar (ra'=or)ar %o &a(o r"#o!$%a&o #o' "% obj"($1o &" r"a%(ar

$'=or)a#$:' J($%0 %o *+" +-$"r" #o'#%+$o'"0 a!oo a %a (o)a &"&"#$$o'". E' &"=$'$($1a " "7a)$'ar' %o &a(o "' br+(o #o' "% !ro!:$(o

&" ob("'"r #o'#%+$o'" obr" %a $'=or)a#$:' r"#aba&a.

E% &"arro%%o &" "(a =a" !"r)$(" #o'o#"r &" =or)a or&"'a&a

$(")($#a %a &"=$#$"'#$a *+" !r""'(a "% &"!ar(a)"'(o &" !r+"ba

#o'(ro% &" #a%$&a& &" %a ")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A.K !ara %+"-o #o' "(a

$'=or)a#$:' r"a%$9ar %o "(+&$o '"#"ar$a *+" !"r)$(a' or$"'(ar %o

(rabajo *+" &"' o%+#$:' o!or(+'a a %a !rob%")($#a !%a'("a&a.

Fa'& III: E&cutar &* d"'&7o d& cada u(a d& *a' %art&' &*ctr"ca' 8

!&c4("ca' u& co(2or!ara( &* -a(co d& %ru&-a' to!a(do &(

co('"d&rac",( toda *a "(0&("&r1a d& d&ta**& (&c&'ar"a.

La =a" III #o'$($: "' "% &"arro%%o &"% &$"o &"% ba'#o &" !r+"ba &"

=or)a *+" " $'#%+a' (o&a %a !ar(" "%@#(r$#a )"#'$#a &"% )$)o.

Para "%%o "% #r$("r$o ) $)!or(a'(" a #o'$&"rar " %a $'-"'$"r,a &" &"(a%%"0

a *+" " %a =a" "' %a *+" *+"&a' &"=$'$&o (o&o #a&a +'o &" %o

$(")a0 #o)!o'"'(" o !ar(" *+" $'("-ra' "% !ro"#(o0 &"("r)$'a'&o(o&o %o "%")"'(o !ao '"#"ar$o *+" a' &" "r +=$#$"'(" !ara

%%"1ar%o a %a !r#($#a0 " &"#$r0 *+" "(a =a" &"("r)$'a %a o%+#$o'" *+"

&"b"' #o'#r"(ar" "' r"!+"(a a% !rob%")a !%a'("a&o0 *+" &"#r$b"' "'

+ (o(a%$&a& #o' "% &"(a%%" '"#"ar$o %o r"*+$$(o !ara + !o("r$or



(ra'=or)a#$:' "' +'a r"a%$&a&. La =a" III &" %a $'-"'$"r,a &" &"(a%%" $'#%+$r

"% a'%$$ &"% !ro"#(o !ara *+" "(" " %%"1" a #abo0 (o)a'&o "' #+"'(a "%

&$"o !%a'("a&o0 &"=$'$"'&o %a #o'=$-+ra#$:' -"'"ra% !ara "% ba'#o &"

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+($%$9ar. Co' (o&a %a $'=or)a#$:' r"#aba&a "' %a =a" a'("r$or" " r"a%$9ara

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CAP$TULO I3

RESULTADOS

S"-J'0 "% Ma'+a% &" Trabajo E!"#$a% &" Gra&o &"% I'($(+(o

U'$1"r$(ar$o Po%$(@#'$#o Sa'($a-o Mar$o 233;H

S" #o'$&"ra' %o r"+%(a&o #o)o +'a '+"1a !ro!+"(a o=or)+%a#$:' (":r$#a0 !r#($#a0 o (":r$#o!r#($#a "-J' "%"(+&$o r"a%$9a&o0 *+" #o'(r$b+" a% "'r$*+"#$)$"'(o &"%#o'o#$)$"'(oK " $-+a%)"'(" #o'($(+"' +' $'("'(o &" !%a)ar "' +' (o&o #o"r"'(" %o &")o(ra&o "' "% a'%$$ &" %or"+%(a&o0 "' 1$r(+& &" %o #+a% "% ra9o'a)$"'(o $'&+#($1o ")+"(ra a !%"'$(+&. !.84.

E% #a!,(+%o *+" aora " "7!o'" "( &$r$-$&o a %o r"+%(a&o &" %a

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!ar($"'&o &" %a $(+a#$:' a#(+a%0 !aa'&o !or "% "(+&$o &" %a $'=or)a#$:'

r"#o!$%a&a0 "% &$"o &" +'a o%+#$:' a% !rob%")a0 "% "(+&$o &" %a =a#($b$%$&a&

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!r""'(ar %a o%+#$:' a% !rob%")a0 &ar #+)!%$"'&o a %a =a" !r""'(a&a

"' "% )ar#o )"(o&o%:-$#o. Lo r"+%(a&o =+"ro' !r""'(a&o !or "(a!a0 %a#+a%" 1a' &"&" "% &$a-':($#o &" %a $(+a#$:' a#(+a%K a'%$$ &" %a

$'=or)a#$:' r"#o%"#(a&a0 "%abora#$:' &"% &$"o &" +' &$!o$($1o "%@#(r$#o0

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"1a%+a#$:' (@#'$#o"#o':)$#a &" %a !ro!+"(a.



Fa'& I: D"a0(o't"car *a '"tuac",( actua* u& '& %r&'&(ta dura(t& &*

%roc&'o d& co!%ro-ac",( d&* 2u(c"o(a!"&(to d& *o' ta-*&ro'

&*ctr"co' 2a-r"cado' &( *a &!%r&'a E*&9tro!&9 C.A. a tra/' d& *a'

tc("ca' d& r&co*&cc",( d& "(2or!ac",(.

A #o'($'+a#$:' " !ro!or#$o'a %a $'=or)a#$:' b$#a '"#"ar$a a#"r#a

&"% %+-ar "% #ao &" "(+&$o0 #o)o %o " %a +b$#a#$:'0 %a =+'#$:' *+" a%%, "

#+)!%"0 %o "%")"'(o *+" $'#%+" %a $'("ra##$:' "'(r" "%%o0 #o' "% =$' &"

#o'o#"r %o a!"#(o -"'"ra%" &"% !rob%")a0 (o&o "(o a#$"'&o +o &"

(@#'$#a *+" !"r)$(a' r"#o!$%ar (o&a %a $'=or)a#$:' '"#"ar$a a% ($")!o *+"

" "7!%ora' %a #o'&$#$o'" a#(+a%" a (ra1@ &" %a ob"r1a#$:' &$r"#(a.E(a a#($1$&a& !"r)$(" #o'o#"r "% a)b$"'(" (o&o %o r"%a#$o'a&o #o' %a

%,'"a "' "(+&$o0 #o)o +b$#a#$:'0 #ara#("r,($#a &" + !ro#"o !ro&+#($1o0

!"ro'a% *+" %abora "' "%%a0 "'(r" o(ro. Co' "%%o " #o'o#" a&") "%

#o)!or(a)$"'(o *+" ($"'" #a&a +'o &" %o "%")"'(o "'(r" ,0 %o

#o'#"r'$"'(" a &a(o (@#'$#o &" %a %,'"a &" !ro&+##$:' (a'(o &" +

!ro#"o #o)o &" %a #ara#("r,($#a (@#'$#a &" %o &$="r"'(" "*+$!o.

E*&9tro!&9 C.A.

E%"(ro)" C.A. " +'a ")!r"a 1"'"9o%a'a *+" #o)$"'9a +

o!"ra#$o'" "' "% ao 440 "!"#$a%$(a "' "% &"arro%%o &" !ro"#(o

$'("-ra%" &" -"'"ra#$:' &$(r$b+#$:' &" "'"r-,a "%@#(r$#a0 =abr$#a'(" &"H

(ab%"ro &" =+"r9a0 #o'(ro%0 !ro("##$o'"0 PoF"r o+" )"(a%)"#'$#a.

Co' &$1"ra a!%$#a#$o'"0 "' ")!r"a &"% ra)o !"(ro%"ro0 -a0

#o'(r+##$:'0 (ra'!or(" ")!r"a &" $'-"'$"r,a "' -"'"ra%.

U-"cac",(

La !%a'(a " +b$#a&a "' %a Zo'a I'&+(r$a% M+'$#$!a% Nor("0 #a%%" 4

!ro%o'-a#$:' A1. M$#"%"'a0 Va%"'#$a "(a&o Carabobo. V"r /$-+ra 4;.



Figura 1# H U-"cac",( d& *a &!%r&'a E*&9tro!&9 C.A. /+"'("H Goo-%" Ma!.

Eu"%o' 2a-r"cado' &( *a &!%r&'a E*&9tro!&9 C.A.



S"'t&!a' %orta ca-*& d& ;"&rro 8 a*u!"("o.

U'$&a& *+" =or)a +' $(")a "(r+#(+ra% r,-$&o +a&o !ara +j"(ar o !ara

a!oar #o' "-+r$&a& %o #ab%". V"r /$-+ra 4>.

Figura 1$ H S"'t&!a' %ortaca-*&'. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



Po&r ou'&.

U' #"'(ro "%@#(r$#o !r"=abr$#a&o "( "!"#$a%)"'(" &$"a&o !ara "%

)o'(aj" &" "*+$!o "%@#(r$#o &" !o("'#$a #o'(ro%0 a&") &" %o "*+$!o

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$(")a &" &"("##$:' %a &$!o$#$:' &" #o)!o'"'("0 &"b" "r %a )

a&"#+a&a !ara a%b"r-ar%o0 a&") !ro!or#$o'ar a% o!"ra&or +' a)b$"'("

"-+ro a!ro!$a&o !ara %a )a'$obra &" %o "*+$!o. O=$#$'a0 bao0 #+ar(o

&" ba("r,a0 #+ar(o &" )a'("'$)$"'(o0 #+ar(o &" #o)+'$#a#$o'"0 !+"&"'

"r a-r"-a&a a% #"'(ro "%@#(r$#o !r"=abr$#a&o. V"r /$-+ra 4?.

Figura 1% H Po&r ou'&. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

C&(tro d& co(tro* d& !otor&'.

Lo #"'(ro &" #o'(ro% &" )o(or" o' #o'j+'(o &" &$!o$($1o

"'#ar-a&o &" r"-+%ar "% =+'#$o'a)$"'(o a##$o'a)$"'(o &" %o )o(or" &"%a )*+$'a V"r /$-+ra 4. S" (ra(a &" -ab$'"(" o ar)ar$o )"(%$#o

&"'(ro &" %o #+a%" " a-r+!a' +'$&a&" &" #o'(ro% *+" !"r)$("' !ro("-"r a

%o )o(or". D"'(ro &" %o #"'(ro &" #o'(ro% &" )o(or" " "'#+"'(ra' %o

#+b,#+%o0 &o'&" " a-r+!a' %a +'$&a&" &" #o'(ro%. V"r #+a&ro 4.



Figura 1&H C&(tro d& co(tro* d& !otor&'. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro <C&(tro d& Co(tro* d& !otor&'.

/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

C&*da' d& M&d"a T&('",(Co'j+'(o &" "##$o'" 1"r($#a%" V"r /$-+ra 23 "' %a #+a%" " +b$#a'

"*+$!o &" )a'$obra $'("rr+!(or" &" !o("'#$a "7(ra,b%"0

"##$o'a&or"0 )"&$&a (ra'=or)a&or" &" #orr$"'(" &" ("'$:'0 0

#+a'&o " o%$#$("0 "*+$!o &" !ro("##$:' #o'(ro%0 )o'(a&o "' +'o o )



#o)!ar($)$"'(o $'"r(o "' +'a "(r+#(+ra )"(%$#a "7("r'a0 *+" #+)!%" %a

=+'#$:' &" r"#$b$r &$(r$b+$r %a "'"r-,a "%@#(r$#a. V"r C+a&ro 2.

Figura 2' H C&*da' d& M&d"a T&('",(. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro >C&*da' d& M&d"a T&('",(



/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



C&(tro d& d"'tr"-uc",( d& %ot&(c"a

U'a "'1o%1"'(" )o&+%ar !r"=abr$#a&a0 !ara #"%&a &" !o("'#$a "*+$!o

a+7$%$ar. U'a +'$&a& a+(o+=$#$"'(" "( #o)!%"(a)"'(" #oor&$'a&a0

"'a)b%a&a "'aa&a "' +' a)b$"'(" #o'(ro%a&o "' =br$#a. V"r /$-+ra24. V"r C+a&ro 8.

Figura 21H C&(tro d& d"'tr"-uc",( d& %ot&(c"a. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro C&(tro d& d"'tr"-uc",( d& %ot&(c"a

/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



Ta-*&ro' Corr&ctor d& Factor d& Pot&(c"a

Ba'#o &" #o'&"'a&or" !ara %a #orr"##$:' &"% =a#(or &" !o("'#$a #o'

"% =$' &" &ar )aor "=$#$"'#$a "%@#(r$#a a + 1"9 %a &$)$'+#$:' &"% #o(o &"

"'"r-,a. V"r /$-+ra 22. V"r C+a&ro .

Figura 22 H Ta-*&ro' Corr&ctor d& Factor d& Pot&(c"a. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro @Ta-*&ro' Corr&ctor d& Factor d& Pot&(c"a



/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



C&*da' d& tra('2&r&(c"a

E(a !"r)$("' #a)b$ar %a =+"'(" &" a%$)"'(a#$:' &" +'a a o(ra.

T,!$#a)"'(" " (ra(a &" (ra'="r$r &"&" +'a =+"'(" &" a%$)"'(a#$:' !r$'#$!a%0

(a% #o)o %a #o)!a,a %o#a%0 a +'a =+"'(" &" a%$)"'(a#$:' "#+'&ar$a0 (a%#o)o +' -"'"ra&or &" ")"r-"'#$a. V"r /$-+ra 28. V"r C+a&ro 5.

Figura 2H C&*da' d& tra('2&r&(c"a. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro ?C&*da' d& tra('2&r&(c"a

/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



Caa' 8 c&(tro' d& !&d"c",(.

So' a*+"%%a *+" a%b"r-a' "%")"'(o #o'(a&or" &" "'"r-,a "%@#(r$#a.

V"r /$-+ra 2. V"r C+a&ro ;.

Figura 2!H Caa' 8 c&(tro' d& !&d"c",(. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro GCaa' 8 c&(tro' d& !&d"c",(

/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



Su-&'tac"o(&' co!%acta'

U'a +b"(a#$:' #o)!a#(a #o'$(" "' +' #"rra)$"'(o #o)J' *+"

#o'($"'"H Tra'=or)a&or &" D$(r$b+#$:'0 Tab%"ro &" Baja T"'$:'0 Tab%"ro &"

M"&$a T"'$:'. V"r /$-+ra 25. V"r C+a&ro >.

Figura 2" H Su-&'tac",( co!%acta. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Cuadro HSu-&'tac"o(&' co!%acta'

/+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



Ta-*&ro' d& a*u!-rado 8 d"'tr"-uc",(

E%")"'(o *+" $r1"' !ara #o'(ro%ar &$1$&$r #$r#+$(o &" +'a $'(a%a#$:'

"%@#(r$#a0 "' %a #+a% (a)b$@' " !o$b%" a%$)"'(ar #o'(ro%ar &$1"ro #"'(ro

&" #ar-a. V"r /$-+ra 2;.

Figura 2# H Su-&'tac",( co!%acta. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Co('o*a' 8 caa' d& co(tro*.

E r"!o'ab%" &" %a o!"ra#$:' +!"r1$$:' #oor&$'a&a "' ($")!o r"a%

&" %a $'(a%a#$o'" "%@#(r$#a. V"r /$-+ra 2>.

Figura 2$ H Co('o*a' 8 caa' d& co(tro*. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



P*a(ta Fa-r"* 8 Mo(ta& d& *a &!%r&'a E*&9tro!&9 C.A.

E "% %+-ar &o'&" " r"a%$9a "% !ro#"o &" )o'(aj"0 )"&$a'(" "% #+a% "

")!%a9a #a&a !$"9a r"*+"r$&a !or +' (ab%"ro "' + !o$#$:' &"=$'$($1a.Co'($(+" "% $(")a !ro&+#($1o #o)!%"(o0 =%"7$b%" "*+$%$bra&o &" %a

")!r"a E%"(ro)" C.A. !ara r"a%$9ar (o&a %a o!"ra#$o'"H -"($:' &" %a

$'=or)a#$:' &" )a("r$a%"0 &$="r"'(" !ro#"o &" =abr$#a#$:' "-J' "% ($!o

&" (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#oK #+"'(a #o' )"&$o (@#'$#o0 "*+$!o "!"#$a%$9a&o0

!"ro'a% #a%$=$#a&o !ara r"a%$9ar %a (ar"a &" "'a)b%aj"0 )o'(+ra

=abr$#a#$:' &" %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o. V"r /$-+ra 2?.



Figura 2% H P*a(ta d& !o(ta& 8 2a-r"cac",(. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



D&%arta!&(to d& %ru&-a' 8 co(tro* d& ca*"dad E*&9tro!&9 C.A.

E% &"!ar(a)"'(o &" !r+"ba #o'(ro% &" #a%$&a&0 " "% "'#ar-a&o &"

&"("#(ar %a !r""'#$a &" "rror" "' %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o *+" a%"' &" %a!%a'(a &" "'a)b%aj". Para "%%o "% !"ro'a% r"a%$9a &$="r"'(" (ar"a #o)oH

=+'#$o'a%" "%@#(r$#a0 1"r$=$#a#$:' &" !$'(+ra0 #o'(ro% &" (or*+" &" a!r$"(" "'

bor'"K a#$"'&o +o &" )"#a'$)o0 a##$o'" "rra)$"'(a *+" !"r)$(a'

1"r$=$#ar *+" %a #o'&$#$o'" &" %o (ab%"ro #+)!%"' #o' %o r"*+"r$)$"'(o

&" #a%$&a& "-+r$&a& "7$-$&o. V"r /$-+ra 2.

Figura 2&H Pru&-a' 8 co(tro* d& ca*"dad. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

Pru&-a' E*ctr"ca' r&a*"+ada'

La !r+"ba "%@#(r$#a *+" " r"a%$9a' a %o (ab%"ro0 1ar,a'

&"!"'&$"'&o &"% ($!o &" (ab%"ro %a =+'#$:' *+" " 1a a !robar. S$' ")bar-o0



" &"#r$b$r' %a &$($'(a !r+"ba *+" " r"a%$9a' &" =or)a -"'"ra% a %o

(ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o.

Pu&'ta &( '&r/"c"o a t&('"o(&' (o!"(a*&' 5<>=>=@= 3AC6.E(a !r+"ba " r"a%$9a !ara "'"r-$9ar %a barra &" %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o

a %a ("'$o'" !ara %a *+" a' $&o =abr$#a&o0 &"("r)$'ar $ "% "*+$!o 'o

!r""'(a &"r$1a#$o'" a ($"rra +($%$9a'&o +' )+%(,)"(ro. V"r /$-+ra 83.

Figura ' H Pru&-a d& u( ta-*&ro &*ctr"co. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

I(8&cc",( DC 5>@@<>? 3DC6.

O(ra &" %a !r+"ba r"a%$9a&a a %o (ab%"ro "%@#(r$#o0 "' %o #ao "'

*+" " r"*+$"ra0 " %a $'"##$:' &" #orr$"'(" #o'($'+a DC. E(a !r+"ba "

r"*+"r$&a !r$'#$!a%)"'(" !ara a*+"%%o (ab%"ro *+" !or + a!%$#a#$:' ($"'"'

"'(r" + #o)!o'"'(" r"%@ o br"a"r &" #orr$"'(" #o'($'+a0 "

'"#"ar$o &"("r)$'ar $ "(o o!"ra' &" a#+"r&o a %o 1a%or" a&"#+a&o.

V"r /$-+ra 84.



Figura 1H Ta-*&ro d& R&*'. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



I(8&cc",( d& corr"&(t& 5>??=<== A!%6.

E(a !r+"ba " r"a%$9a !r$'#$!a%)"'(" !ara !robar "*+$!o &"($'a&o a

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r"%@ &" #+a%*+$"r ($!o o br"a"r =+$b%". Para "%%o " a#" '"#"ar$o$'"#(ar #orr$"'(" &" ra'-o 1ar$ab%". A#(+a%)"'(" %a ")!r"a 'o #+"'(a

#o' +' &$!o$($1o #a!a9 &" r"a%$9ar "(" ($!o &" !r+"ba0 !or %o *+" " &"b"

r"#+rr$r a ("r#"ro !ara #o)!robar *+" %o "*+$!o &" !ro("##$:' =+'#$o'a'

&" a#+"r&o a %a "!"#$=$#a#$o'". V"r /$-+ra 82.



Figura 2 H Ta-*&ro d& %rot&cc",(. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

I(8&cc",( AC /ar"a-*& 5=G== 3AC6.

O(ra &" %a !r+"ba r"a%$9a&a !or "% &"!ar(a)"'(o &" !r+"ba #o'(ro%

&" #a%$&a&0 " %a $'"##$:' &" #orr$"'(" a%("r'a AC. E(a !r+"ba " r"a%$9a

!r$)or&$a%)"'(" !ara #o)!robar "% #orr"#(o =+'#$o'a)$"'(o &" %a #"%&a &"

(ra'="r"'#$a =abr$#a&a "' %a ")!r"a0 !ara "%%o " #o'"#(a "% (ab%"ro a

=+"'(" $'&"!"'&$"'(" &" #orr$"'(" a%("r'a0 " a#" 1ar$ar %a ("'$:' "'



+'a &" "(a =+"'("0 $)+%a'&o +'a =a%%a "' "% +)$'$(ro &" "'"r-,a0 &"

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")!%"a&o. V"r /$-+ra 88.



Figura 2 H Tra('2or!ador &*ctr"co 2u(d"do %or u'o "(corr&cto. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.



Durac",( d& *a' %ru&-a'

La r"a%$9a#$:' &" %a !r+"ba "%@#(r$#a %" (o)a a% &"!ar(a)"'(o &"

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)"r#a&o. V"r /$-+ra 88.



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La !r$'#$!a% #a+a &" "(a !rob%")($#a " %a #ar"'#$a "' "%

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C.A. &" +' "*+$!o0 ba'#o &" !r+"ba *+" %" !"r)$(a a %o (rabaja&or"

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Figura !H Durac",( d& Pru&-a' &*ctr"ca'. /+"'("H E%"(ro)" C.A.

E $)!or(a'(" &"(a#ar *+" %o "*+$!o !ara %o #+a%" " &"b" &$!o'"r

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#o(oo0 &"b$&o a + -ra' %abor$o$&a& "' #+a'(o a% &$"o0 #o'(r+##$:'

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