Trabajo Areglado

8/16/2019 Trabajo Areglado

1/42

Ingeniería topográfica y agrimensura ingeniería de valuaciones

LA BOCATOMA, ESTRUCTURA CLAVE

EN UN PROYECTO DE

APROVECHAMIENTO HIDRÁULICO

Dr.- Ing. Arturo Roch !"#$c"%Consultor. Profesor Emérito de la

Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería

El presente artículo constituye un resumen y adaptación de algunos capítulos de

un trabajo integral en preparación sobre Bocatomas , que viene realizando el

autor, y fue presentado en forma de conferencia en agosto del 2003 al XI

Congreso Nacional de Estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil (CONEIC)

celebrado en Piura y reproducido en la !evista "ngeniería #ivil$ de la %acultad de

"ngeniería #ivil de la &'", ()o 0*+Edición ' 2+2003-

CONTENIDO

- ./u es una bocatoma1 efiniciones- %inalidad, 2- Problemas especiales que presentan las bocatomas , 4- (spectos del planeamiento de obras de captación superficial, 5- #ondiciones de dise)o, *0- 6a ingeniería civil en el dise)o de una bocatoma, **- 6as bocatomas y el %enómeno de E 'i)o 7%E'8, *3- #aracterísticas generales de la bocatoma de captación lateral, *9- :ifurcaciones, *5

- %unciones adicionales de una bocatoma, *5- :ocatoma tirolesa,*;- !efle


2/42

Ingeniería topográfica y agrimensura ingeniería de valuacionesBOCATOMA

E!INICIONE"

L% o&r% '" to( o &octo(% %on #% "%tructur% h$'r)u#$c% con%tru$'%

%o&r" un r*o o cn# con "# o&+"to '" ctr, "% '"c$r "tr"r, un rt" o #

tot#$'' '"# cu'# '" # corr$"nt" r$nc$#. L% &octo(% %u"#"n

crct"r$r%" r$nc$#("nt" or "# Cu'# '" Ctc$/n, "# 0u" %" '"1$n"

co(o "# g%to ()$(o 0u" un o&r '" to( u"'" '($t$r. A%* or "+"(#o, "#

cu'# '" ctc$/n '" # &octo( Lo% E+$'o%, %o&r" "# r*o P$ur, Pro2"cto

Ch$r-P$ur, "% '" 34 (56%.

E# t"( '" #% &octo(% "% %$"(r" ctu#. En "# P"r7 h2 "n o"rc$/n un

grn n7("ro '" o&r% '" to( r ro8"ch($"nto h$'r)u#$co. E# '$%"9o '"

"%t% "%tructur% "% c%$ %$"(r" '$1*c$# 2 '"&" r"curr$r%" tnto (:to'o%

n#*t$co% co(o # $n8"%t$gc$/n "n (o'"#o% h$'r)u#$co%. L o&%"r8c$/n 2

n)#$%$% '"# co(ort($"nto '" #% o&r% '" to( "n 1unc$on($"nto "% (u2

$(ortnt". Lo% ro"(% 0u" %" r"%"ntn "n un &octo( %on (ucho

()% '$1*c$#"% cun'o %" ct gu '"%'" un r*o 0u" cun'o %" hc" '"%'" un

cuc" rt$1$c$# ;cn#


3/42

La Bocatoma

0u" %" %u t$o, "% un "#"("nto "tr9o "n contcto con "# gu. E% '"c$r, 0u"

# "%tructur 8 ro'uc$r $n"8$t"("nt" #t"rc$on"% "n "# ("'$o ntur#

c$rcun'nt" 2, # 8", # ntur#" 8 r"cc$onr contr # o&r. E%t

$nt"rcc$/n 0u" %" r"%"nt # con%tru$r # o&r, 2 "n "# 1uturo # o"rr#, '"&"

%"r r"8$%t 2 contrrr"%t' oortun 2 '"&$'("nt". L "%t&$#$'' 2 # 8$''" un &octo( "%t)n %oc$'% # conc"to '" A8"n$' '" D$%"9o.

Tr'$c$on#("nt" %" h u%'o "# conc"to '" A8"n$' '" D$%"9o r '"%$gnr

"# ()$(o cu'# '"# r*o 0u" un &octo( u"'" '"+r %r %$n %u1r$r '9o%

0u" # 1"ct"n "%tructur#("nt" . M)% '"#nt" %" (#$r) "%t '"1$n$c$/n '"

cu"r'o # ""r$"nc$ '" #% 7#t$(% ':c'%.

!INALIDAD

L 1$n#$'' "% uno '" #o% (ucho% cr$t"r$o% 0u" "$%t"n r # c#%$1$cc$/n '"

#% o&r% '" to(. D"%'" "# unto '" 8$%t '" %u 1$n#$'' #% o&r% '" to(

%" c#%$1$cn "n 1unc$/n '" #% crct"r*%t$c% '"# ro2"cto # 0u" %$r8"n. E% %*

co(o %" t$"n"=

< O&r% '" to( r &%t"c$($"nto 7$co

&< O&r% '" to( r $rr$gc$/n

c< O&r% '" to( r c"ntr#"% h$'ro"#:ctr$c%

'< O&r% '" to( r $n'u%tr$ 2 ($n"r*

"< O&r% '" to( r otro% ro/%$to%

1< O&r% '" to( r u%o (7#t$#"

L c#%$1$cc$/n nt"r$or %" r"1$"r" # u%o r"'o($nnt" '"# gu. S$ &$"n "%

c$"rto 0u" h2 &octo(% 0u" t$"n"n un 1$n#$'' "%"c*1$c, t(&$:n #o "%

0u" c%$ %$"(r" #% &octo(% t$"n"n, un0u" %" "n "0u"9 roorc$/n,

#g7n otro u%o. En "# P"r7 h2 nu("ro%% &octo(% r t"n'"r #%

1$n#$''"% nt"% %"9#'%.

E# &%t"c$($"nto '" gu # oc$/n "% # r$("r n"c"%$'' '" gu 0u"

'"&" %"r cu&$"rt. E# ro8"ch($"nto '" #% gu% %u"r1$c$#"%, "n "%"c$#

#% '" un r*o, con%t$tu2" un '" #% 1or(% ()% nt$gu% '" u%o '"# gu. En

#o% t$"(o% nt$guo% #% c$u''"% %" u&$c&n "n #% or$##% '" #o% r*o% r

3


4/42


5/42

La Bocatoma

o'"r ro8"chr %u% gu% 1)c$#("nt". E# cr"c$($"nto '" # oc$/n, #

"n%$/n ur&n, "# u("nto '" #% '"(n'% 2 otro% 1ctor"% '"t"r($nron

# n"c"%$'' '" con%tru$r ro2"cto% '" &%t"c$($"nto '" gu r #

oc$/n. E%to% ro2"cto% "($"n or un &octo( r ctr "# gu '"

un r*o, o '" otr 1u"nt" '" gu, 2 con'uc$r# #u"go # )r" ur&n.L% o&r% '" to( r &%t"c$($"nto oc$on# u"'"n %"r (u2 "0u"9%,

con un Cu'# '" Ctc$/n '" "n% uno% cunto% #$tro% or %"gun'o, o

(u2 grn'"% co(o # '" L Atr+", 0u" &%t"c" 8r$o% ($##on"% '"

h&$tnt"% '" # >rn L$(. E%t &octo(, cu2 1unc$/n r"'o($nnt" "% "#

&%t"c$($"nto oc$on#, %$r8" t(&$:n r # %t$%1cc$/n '" #gun%

n"c"%$''"% $n'u%tr$#"% u&$c'% "n "# r'$o ur&no. Cu#0u$"r 0u" %" %u

t(9o "%t% o&r% '" to( t$"n"n grn $(ortnc$ 2 un "nor(" cont"n$'o

%oc$#, u"% "# &%t"c$($"nto '" gu oc$on# "% $n%u%t$tu$".

S$ h)%"(o% '" #% r$or$''"% tr'$c$on#"% "n "# u%o '"# gu t"n'r*(o%

0u" #u"go '"# &%t"c$($"nto '" # oc$/n 8$"n" "# r$"go. En "# P"r7, 'on'"

h2 $(ortnt"% on% )r$'% 2 %"($)r$'%, # '""n'"nc$ '"# r$"go "% (u2

grn'". A# no h&"r ##u8$ 7t$#, "# ro8"ch($"nto '" #% gu% %u"r1$c$#"%

h %$'o '"%'" :oc% nc"%tr#"% "%"nc$# r # 8$' 2 "# '"%rro##o '" #%

ct$8$''"% hu(n%. L co%t "run con %u% ?44 444 h"ct)r"% cu#t$8'%

"% un $n("n% o&r '" $rr$gc$/n, 0u" no o'r* "$%t$r %$n # r"%"nc$ '"

c$"nto% '" &octo(%.

S" t$"n" t(&$:n o&r% '" to( cu2 1unc$/n "% ctr "# gu %u"r1$c$# r

%u con'ucc$/n un c"ntr# h$'ro"#:ctr$c. A%*, "n "# r*o Mntro %" t$"n" un

ctc$/n '" @4 (56% r g"n"rc$/n '" "n"rg*. Nu("ro%% $n'u%tr$% 2

($n% t$"n"n %u% ro$% &octo(%. Co(o "# P"r7 ro8"ch un orc"nt+"

"0u"9*%$(o '" %u "nor(" ot"nc$# h$'ro"#:ctr$co, "% '" "%"rr 0u" "n "#

1uturo %" $ncr"("nt"n #% r"%"ct$8% o&r% h$'r)u#$c% r #ogrr un (2or

ro8"ch($"nto.

4


6/42

La Bocatoma

PROBLEMAS ESPECIALES UE PRESENTAN LAS BOCATOMAS

En #o% grn'"% ro8"ch($"nto% h$'r)u#$co% "# co%to '" # &octo(

r"r"%"nt %/#o un orc"nt+" (u2 "0u"9o '"# co%to tot# '"# ro2"cto. Lcon%"cu"nc$ r)ct$c '" "%t" h"cho "% 0u" no %" '"&" "%ct$(r "%1u"ro% n$

trtr '" o&t"n"r un "%tructur "con/($c, %$no 0u" %" '"&" &u%cr "#

()$(o '" %"gur$''. Pr "# "%tu'$o '" un &octo( "% n"c"%r$o t"n"r "n

cu"nt 0u" un r*o trn%ort #o %$gu$"nt"=

< Agu ro8"n$"nt" '" # r"c$$tc$/n 0u" ocurr" "n # cu"nc

&< S/#$'o%, t(&$:n ##('o% %"'$("nto%, ro8"n$"nt"% '" #

"ro%$/n '" # cu"ncc< H$"#o, "n #o% #ugr"% 0u" "$%t", 2

'< Cu"ro% "tr9o% co(o )r&o#"%, #nt%, &%ur 2

'"%"r'$c$o%.

Lo% tr"% r$("ro% %"cto% ("nc$on'o% con%t$tu2"n #% 1unc$on"% ntur#"%

'" un r*o. E# trn%ort" '" cu"ro% "tr9o% con%t$tu2" un 1unc$/n no

ntur#, "ro 0u" '"%grc$'("nt" "% (u2 1r"cu"nt" "ntr" no%otro%. En

g"n"r#, "# '$%"9o 2 o"rc$/n '" un &octo( "n (ucho% '" #o% r*o% '" #

co%t "run r"%"nt ro"(% "%"c$#"% '"&$'o, "ntr" otr%, #%

%$gu$"nt"% cutro c$rcun%tnc$%=

< In"%t&$#$'' 1#u8$# " $rr"gu#r$'' '" #% '"%crg%

&< In%u1$c$"nt" $n1or(c$/n h$'ro#/g$c

c< >rn trn%ort" %/#$'o 2 '" cu"ro% "tr9o%

'< Ar$c$/n "8"ntu# '"# !"n/("no '" E# N$9o ;!EN


7/42

La Bocatoma

(u"%tr% '" # $n"%t&$#$'' 1#u8$# ro$ '" #o% r*o% +/8"n"%. Ocurr" #gun%

8"c"% 0u" # ro'uc$r%" uno '" #o% 1"n/("no% %"9#'o% # &octo( %"

0u"' "n %"co, r"%u#t &ur#' 2, c$"rt("nt" , 1u"r '" %"r8$c$o un0u" %$n

%u1r$r '9o%. En con%"cu"nc$, co(o rt" '"# "%tu'$o '" un &octo( %"

%u"#" hc"r un cu$''o%o "%tu'$o '" h$'r)u#$c 1#u8$# "n "# tr(oco(ro("t$'o.

Otro '" #o% ro"(% %"r$o% 0u" %" r"%"nt 1r"cu"nt"("nt" "n "# '$%"9o '"

un &octo( %" or$g$n "n # r"%"nc$ '" "8"nto% h$'ro#/g$co% "tr"(o%=

8"c"% grn'"% 8"n$'% 2 otr% 8"c"% grn "%c%" '" gu. L% grn'"%

8"n$'% cr"n un %"r$" '" ro"(% h$'r)u#$co% 2 "%tructur#"% 0u" '"&"n

%"r '"&$'("nt" "8#u'o%. A#gun% cu"nc% t$"n"n 1"n/("no% rt$cu#r"%

0u" no u"'"n '"+r%" '" #'o. Un &u"n "+"(#o '" "%to "% # cu"nc '"# r*oSnt 'on'" # ocurr"nc$ '" #u8$on"% 2 #% "%"c$#"% crct"r*%t$c% '"

g"o'$n)($c "t"rn '" # cu"nc '"t"r($nn 0u" un "%tructur con%tru$'

%o&r" "# #"cho 1#u8$# %" (u2 8u#n"r" "8"nto% cu2 1r"cu"nc$ 2 (gn$tu'

no u"'"n c#cu#r%". En "%to% c%o% "# "8"nto ()% '"%18or" r #

&octo( no "% n"c"%r$("nt" # 8"n$' c#cu#' con un "r$o'o '"

r"torno grn'".

L "%c%" '" gu t(&$:n cr" ro"(%, u"% "n "%% oortun$''"% h2

0u" ctr grn rt", o # tot#$'', '"# gu r"%"nt" "n "# cur%o r$nc$#, #o

0u" u"'" %"r $ncon8"n$"nt". D" otro #'o, %&"(o% 0u" r "1"ctur un

'$%"9o con #t ro&&$#$'' '" :$to h&r* 0u" t"n"r, "ntr" otr%

$n1or(c$on"%, un (#$o 2 con1$" r"g$%tro '" 'to% '" c(o. E% (u2

1r"cu"nt" 0u" "n nu"%tro% ro2"cto% # $n1or(c$/n h$'ro#/g$c %" "%c% 2

'" &+ con1$&$#$''. >"n"r#("nt" %" t$"n" %"r$"% h$%t/r$c% (u2 cort%, #o

0u" ' $n%"gur$'' "n "# c)#cu#o '" #% grn'"% 8"n$'% 2, co(o

con%"cu"nc$, "n "# c)#cu#o '"# "r$o'o '" r"torno '" # 8"n$' '" '$%"9o.

Por #o g"n"r# #o% r*o% trn%ortn grn'"% cnt$''"% '" %/#$'o%, %" co(o

1on'o o '" %u%"n%$/n. Durnt" #% 8"n$'% "%t% cnt$''"% %" $ncr"("ntn

"nor("("nt" 2 con%t$tu2"n un %"r$" '$1$cu#t' r "# '$%"9o 2 o"rc$/n '"

#% &octo(% "n #% 0u" %" '"&" ctr gu con # (*n$( cnt$'' o%$"

'" %/#$'o%. E# "%tu'$o '"# trn%ort" '" %"'$("nto% 2 '" #% (n"r% '"

6


8/42


9/42

La Bocatoma

"#$($nr #o% %/#$'o% "n # ctc$/n %on %"cto% $(ortnt"% '"# '$%"9o '"

un &octo(. H2 t(&$:n (ucho% ro2"cto% "n #o% 0u" # r"%"nc$ '"

cu"ro% "tr9o%, co(o &%ur 2 '"%"r'$c$o%, cu%n un '9o grn'" "n #%

ctc$on"%. E# (n"+o '" #o% %/#$'o% "% un %unto $(ortnt" "n "# '$%"9o '"

un &octo(. En g"n"r#, # &octo( '"&" '$%"9r%" '" (o'o 0u" no$ngr"%"n # %$%t"( #o% %/#$'o% '" (2or t(9o. S"r) $n"8$t" 0u" #o% 1$no%

$ngr"%"n. Pr %u "#$($nc$/n %" '$%on" cont$nuc$/n '" # &octo( un

'"%r"n'or. E% or "%o 0u" "# %$%t"( &octo(-'"%r"n'or con8$"n"

"%tu'$r#o %"'$("nto#/g$c("nt" co(o un un$''.

E# !"n/("no '" E# N$9o ;!EN< "% un 1"n/("no ntur# 0u" r"r"%"nt r #

$ng"n$"r*, # "cono(* 2 #% ct$8$''"% hu(n% "n g"n"r#, un

(o'$1$cc$/n trn%$tor$, "8"ntu#("nt" 1u"rt", 2 #gun% 8"c"% '"%%tro%, '"#c#$( r"'o($nnt" "n un rt" $(ortnt" '"# #n"t. L% &octo(% '" #

co%t "run hn %u1r$'o "n (2or o ("nor gr'o "# $(cto '"# !"n/("no

'" E# N$9o. A#gun% hn %$'o '"%tru$'%, otr% hn %u1r$'o 1u"rt"% '9o% 2 hn

%#$'o '" %"r8$c$o, 2, (uch% '" "##%, hn n"c"%$t'o $(ortnt"%

r"rc$on"%. E# r"%u#t'o '" # 1## '" un &octo( 1"ct to'o "# ro2"cto

0u" '""n'" '" "##, con #o% con%$gu$"nt"% g%to% '" r"con%trucc$/n o

r"h&$#$tc$/n '" # "%tructur 2 #o% or$g$n'o% or # $nt"rruc$/n '"# %"r8$c$o.

Much% 8"c"% # $nt"rruc$/n '"# %"r8$c$o t$"n" con%"cu"nc$% no %/#o

"con/($c%, %$no %oc$#"%, u"% # 1#t '" gu "% (ort# r #o% %"r"%

8$8o%. Por #o tnto, # r"#c$/n "ntr" "# !"n/("no '" E# N$9o 2 #% &octo(%

"% un ro"( r"# '" $ng"n$"r* c$8$# 0u" r"0u$"r" '" un t"nc$/n "%"c$#.

Lu"go '"# (2or conoc$($"nto 0u" "n # ctu#$'' t"n"(o% c"rc '"# !EN

r"%u#t "8$'"nt" 0u" %u% "1"cto% no u"'"n '"+r '" con%$'"rr%" "n "# '$%"9o

'" un o&r '" '"r$8c$/n $(ortnt".

L r$'*%$( ("nc$/n '" #o% cutro unto% nt"r$or"% no% ' un $'" '" #

grn cnt$'' 2 '$8"r%$'' '" ro"(% 0u" h2 0u" "n1r"ntr 2 r"%o#8"r r

'$%"9r un o&r '" to(. En # !$gur N %" r"c$ "%0u"()t$c("nt" "#

%$%t"( &octo(-'"%r"n'or.

7


10/42


11/42

ASPECTOS DEL PLANEAMIENTOLa Bocatoma

DE OBRAS DE CAPTACIFN SUPER!ICI AL

Son nu("ro%o% #o% ro"(% 0u" %" r"%"ntn "n "# #n"($"nto '" #%

O&r% '" To(, '"&$'o r$nc$#("nt" # $nt"rcc$/n "%tructur-ntur#".

E# #n"($"nto "% "# %o r"8$o # '$%"9o. E# #n"($"nto corr"cto "%

%u(("nt" $(ortnt" r "# :$to '"# ro2"cto. E% '$1*c$# "%t"c"r un

("to'o#og* '" #n"($"ntoG %$n "(&rgo, %" r"%"nt cont$nuc$/n

#guno% t"(% 0u" '"&"n t"n"r%" "n cu"nt. Lo% t"(% '"&"n trtr%"

("'$nt" un roc"%o '" ro$(c$on"% %uc"%$8%. E# or'"n "n "# 0u" %" #"%

r"%"nt cont$nuc$/n "%t) '"t"r($n'o %/#o or ron"% ro$% '" #

"o%$c$/n. Su n7("ro u"'" %"r &%tnt" (2or. Co(o un 1or( '"

$n$c$c$/n "n "# t"( '"# #n"($"nto '" un o&r '" to( %" con%$'"r #o%

%$"t" t"(% '" n)#$%$% %$gu$"nt"%=

< Co(ort($"nto h$'ro#/g$co

&< A%"cto% '" h$'r)u#$c 1#u8$#

c< Trn%ort" %/#$'o

'< S"#"cc$/n '"# t$o '" to(

"< M$cro#oc#$c$/n '" # o&r '" to(

1< >"o("tr* '" # &octo(, 2g< Con'$c$on"% rt$cu#r"% '" o"rc$/n 2

(nt"n$($"nto

L H$'ro#og* con%t$tu2" # $n1or(c$/n '" &%" $n'$%"n%" r "#

ro2"cto. Lo% o&+"t$8o% '"# "%tu'$o h$'ro#/g$co %on=

< S&"r 0u" "n "# r*o 8(o% t"n"r # cnt$'' '" gu

r"0u"r$' 2 o'"r %* grnt$r "# %"r8$c$o.

&< Conoc"r #% grn'"% 8"n$'% r "# c)#cu#o '" # 8"n$'

'" '$%"9o 2 o'"r %* grnt$r # "%t&$#$'' '" #

"%tructur.

8


12/42

La Bocatoma

E# "%tu'$o '" H$'r)u#$c !#u8$# no% "r($t$r) conoc"r #% crct"r*%t$c% '"#

r*o, 0u" %on (u2 8r$'%, %u "%t&$#$'', 2 #% o&r% 0u" "% n"c"%r$o r"#$r

r (nt"n"r#. E# "%tu'$o '" Trn%ort" S/#$'o %$r8" r conoc"r #

cnt$'' 2 c#$'' '" #o% %"'$("nto% trn%ort'o% or # corr$"nt", tnto

co(o (t"r$# '" 1on'o co(o "n %u%"n%$/n. E% con8"n$"nt" r"cor'r 0u" "#trn%ort" %/#$'o "% un (n$1"%tc$/n 1#u8$# 2 '""n'" '" #% crct"r*%t$c%

'"# r*o 2 '" # cu"nc. S$n un co(r"n%$/n c#r '"# co(ort($"nto 1#u8$# 2

'"# trn%ort" %/#$'o no "% o%$" "# '$%"9o '" un &octo(. E#

conoc$($"nto '" # 8r$&$#$'' '"# trn%ort" %/#$'o, '" #% cnt$''"%

$n8o#ucr'% 2 '" # grnu#o("tr* %on h"rr($"nt% 8#$o%% r "# '$%"9o.

L %"#"cc$/n '"# t$o '" o&r '" to( t$"n" 0u" hc"r%" rt$r '"# h"cho '"

0u" "$%t"n '$1"r"nt"% t$o% '" &octo(%. C' uno '" "##o% h %$'o

'"%rro##'o r r*o% '" '"t"r($n'% crct"r*%t$c%. En "%t" t"( #con%$'"rc$/n '" #o% 1un'("nt o% t"/r$co% 2 '" # ""r$"nc$ #oc# r"%u#tn

%"r $n%u%t$tu$"%. Un 8" '"t"r($n' # cot '" '"r$8c$/n "n # 0u" %"

con%tru$r) # &octo(, "n 1unc$/n '" #% n"c"%$''"% '"# %"r8$c$o, %"

roc"'" # ($cro#oc#$c$/n. E% "%t" un ro"( '" H$'r)u#$c !#u8$# "n "#

0u" +u"g un "# '"%tc'o # ""r$"nc$ 2 #o% conoc$($"nto% t"/r$co% '"#

$ng"n$"ro ro2"ct$%t. Do% tr(o% 1#u8$#"% (u2 r/$(o% u"'"n 'r #ugr

"%tructur% '" to( '" (u2 '$1"r"nt" co(ort($"nto %"'$("nto#/g$co. A%*

or "+"(#o, "n un tr(o "n cur8 # (rg"n "t"r$or "% "n g"n"r# un on

con t"n'"nc$ # "ro%$/n. A##* '"&" &u%cr%" "# #ugr ()% con8"n$"nt" r

u&$cr # to(.

L g"o("tr* '" # o&r, "% '"c$r, # '$%o%$c$/n '" #o% "#"("nto%, "% "# '$%"9o

($%(o. S" '"&" '"t"r($nr # #tur '" # r"% '"r$8'or, #% #ong$tu'"% '"

#% rt"% 8"rt"'or% 2 1$+%, "# )ngu#o '" ctc$/n, #o% (uro% gu* 2 to'o% #o%

"#"("nto% con%t$tu2"nt"% '" # o&r. En to'o "%to '"%"("9 un 1unc$/n

(u2 $(ortnt" "# "%tu'$o "n (o'"#o h$'r)u#$co, "# 0u" t$"n" # "nor(" 8"nt+

'" con%t$tu$r un r"r"%"ntc$/n tr$'$("n%$on# '" #% "%tructur% 2 '" #o%

1"n/("no%. C' &octo( t$"n" con'$c$on"% rt$cu#r"% '" o"rc$/n 2

(nt"n$($"nto 0u" '"&"n %"r to('% "n cu"nt "n "# (o("nto '"# '$%"9o.

L conc"c$/n '" # o"rc$/n "% $n%"r" '"# '$%"9o. C' &octo(

t$"n" un con+unto '" R"g#% '" O"rc$/n #% 0u" %" ##"g ("'$nt" un

roc"%o '" ro$(c$on"% %uc"%$8%.

9


13/42


14/42

CONDICIONES DE DISEO

La Bocatoma

Son 8r$% #% con'$c$on"% g"n"r#"% '" '$%"9o 0u" '"&" cu(#$r un

&octo(, cu#0u$"r 0u" %" %u t$o o crct"r*%t$c%. Entr" #% r$nc$#"%

"%t)n #% %$gu$"nt"%=

< A%"gurr # '"r$8c$/n "r(n"nt" '"# cu'# '" '$%"9o

2 '" #o% cu'#"% ("nor"% 0u" %"n r"0u"r$'o%. En

#g7n c%o %" '($t" un $nt"rruc$/n t"(or# '"#

%"r8$c$o.

&< Pro8""r un %$%t"( r '"+r %r # A8"n$' '"

D$%"9o, 0u" t$"n" grn cnt$'' '" %/#$'o% 2 (t"r$#

1#otnt". En on% %u+"t% # !"n/("no '" E# N$9o "%

("+or ut$#$r un H$'rogr( '" D$%"9o.

c< Ctr "# (*n$(o '" %/#$'o% 2 '$%on"r '" ("'$o%

ro$'o% r %u "8cuc$/n. Much% 8"c"% "%t "% #

c#8" '"# '$%"9o "1$c$"nt".

'< E%tr u&$c' "n un #ugr 0u" r"%"nt" con'$c$on"%

18or"% '"%'" "# unto '" 8$%t "%tructur# 2

con%truct$8o.

"< Con%"r8r gu% &+o %u1$c$"nt" cc$'' '"

trn%ort" r "8$tr %"'$("ntc$/n.

1< T"n"r un co%to ron"

10


15/42


16/42


17/42

La Bocatoma

r"#c$/n %" #$($tt$8 %" r"%"nt cont$nuc$/n un r"#c$/n '" #o%

r$nc$#"% t"(% 8$ncu#'o% # '$%"9o '" un o&r '" to(. E##o% %on=

< E%tu'$o '" # D"(n'&< Toogr1*

c< M"t"oro#og*

'< H$'ro#og*

"< Trn%ort" '" S"'$("nto%

1< H$'r)u#$c !#u8$#

g< >"o#og*

h< >"o'$n)($c

$< >"ot"cn$ +< S$%($c$''

K< Mt"r$#"% '" Con%trucc$/n

#< D$%"9o H$'r)u#$co

(< D$%"9o E%tructur#

n< D$%"9o E#"ctro("c)n$co

o< Proc"'$($"nto% '" Con%trucc$/n

< Mo'"#o% H$'r)u#$co%

0< Co%to% 2 Pr"%uu"%to%

r< An)#$%$% Econ/($co 2 !$nnc$"ro

%< E%tu'$o '" I(cto A(&$"nt#

R"%u"#to% #o% %"cto% '" #n"($"nto 2 '$%"9o %" % # con%trucc$/n.

E%t" "% un c(o '" cc$/n t*$co 2 "c#u%$8o '"# $ng"n$"ro c$8$#. L

con%trucc$/n '" un &octo( $(ortnt" "% '$1*c$# 2 %" r"0u$"r" (uch

""r$"nc$, no %/#o "n roc"%o% con%truct$8o%, %$no t(&$:n "n "# (n"+o '"#

r*o 'urnt" # con%trucc$/n. Pr # con%trucc$/n "% n"c"%r$o ro8"chr #o%

"%t$+"% '"# r*o. S" con%tru2" tgu*% gu% &+o 2 gu% rr$& 2 un o&r

'" '"%8*o r $%#r # on '" tr&+o.

12


18/42


19/42

La Bocatoma

LAS BOCATOMAS Y EL !ENFMENO DE EL NIO ;!EN<

D" #o% nu("ro%o% ro"(% 0u" t$"n"n 0u" "n1r"ntr #% &octo(% h2 tr"%

0u" %" 8"n not"("nt" "c"r&'o% 'urnt" "# !"n/("no '" E# N$9o,"%"c$#("nt" cun'o t$"n" crct"r*%t$c% '" M"gn$9o 2 0u" "%t)n

%oc$'o% =

< L r"cr$ "%t&$#$'' 1#u8$#,

&< L% 8"n$'% "tror'$nr$%, 2

c< L% grn'"% '"%crg% '" %/#$'o%.

En #o% 7#t$(o% c$nco %$g#o% hn ocurr$'o '$" M"gn$9o% con un $nt"r8#o("'$o '" J 9o% 2 "n #o% 7#t$(o% 9o% %" hn r"%"nt'o cutro

M"gn$9o% con un $nt"r8#o ("'$o '" 53 9o%. E%to +u%t$1$c (#$("nt" #

ctu#$'' " $(ortnc$ r"g$on# 2 nc$on# '"# "%tu'$o '"# $(cto '"#

!"n/("no '" E# N$9o 2 '" # (n"r '" ($t$gr %u% "1"cto% n"gt$8o%. L%

'"%crg% '" #o% r*o% '" # co%t %on (u2 8r$"% "n "# t$"(o. H2 un

8r$c$/n "%tc$on# (u2 (rc' 2 8r$c$on"%, t(&$:n (u2 1u"rt"% 2 '"

grn $rr"gu#r$'', '" un 9o otro. Co(o con%"cu"nc$ '"# c(&$o '" c#$(

crct"r*%t$co '"# !EN 2 '"# $ncr"("nto '" #% ##u8$%, u("ntn

$nu%$t'("nt" #% '"%crg% '" #o% r*o%. S" ro'uc"n %* #% grn'"%

8"n$'%. E%to contr%t con #o 0u" ocurr" g"n"r#("nt", 2 "n "%"c$# "n #

co%t "run, 'on'" #% 8"n$'% %on &r"8"%. Pr"c$%(" nt" un '" #%

'"1$n$c$on"% '" un 8"n$' "% "#"8c$/n r)$' 2 h&$tu#("nt" &r"8" '"#

cu'# '" un r*o. Un 8"n$' u"'" ("'$r%" or "# ()$(o n$8"# #cn'o

or #% gu%, or # '"%crg ()$( $n%tnt)n" o or "# 8o#u("n

'"%crg'o. P"ro, #% 8"n$'% 0u" ocurr"n 'urnt" "# !"n/("no '" E# N$9o

%" crct"r$n or no %"r &r"8"%, "% '"c$r, t$"n"n un #rg 'urc$/n. Por #o

tnto, '"()% '" #cnr%" 8#or"% $n%tnt)n"o% (u2 #to%, %" t$"n" un

8o#u("n '"%crg'o %u(("nt" $(ortnt" 2 '9$no. E% %* co(o %" h

8$%to # n"c"%$'' '" con%$'"rr un H$'rogr( '" D$%"9o "n #ugr '" un 8#or

untu#.

13


20/42


21/42

La Bocatoma

L% '"%crg% "tror'$nr$% 8n co(9'% '" grn'"% cnt$''"% '"

%/#$'o% 2 1r"cu"nt"("nt" cu%n #t"rc$on"% 1#u8$o(or1o#/g$c%, co(o

"ro%$/n 2 %"'$("ntc$/n, 2 ro'uc"n '$8"r%% (n$1"%tc$on"% '" '$n)($c

1#u8$#, co(o 1or(c$/n '" &ro% o c(&$o% '" r"corr$'o. Durnt" "# !EN

t(&$:n ocurr"n '"%crg% $nu%$t'% '" 0u"&r'% con%$'"r'%"rr/n"("nt" co(o %"c% 2, "8"ntu#("nt" , # 1or(c$/n '" hu$co% 2 '"

'$8"r%o% 1"n/("no% '" g"o'$n)($c "t"rn 0u" u"'"n con%t$tu$r un

("n r # o&r '" to(.

L "r%$%t"nc$ '" cu'#"% #to% 2 %u $n%u1$c$"nt" con%$'"rc$/n "n #o%

'$%"9o% %u"#" con'uc$r # 1## '" nu("ro%% "%tructur% h$'r)u#$c%.

Durnt" "# !"n/("no '" E# N$9o #% &octo(% %" 8"n %o("t$'% # cc$/n

'" 8"n$'% 1u"rt"% 2 '" #rg 'urc$/n 2 0u" '"()% t$"n"n un #to cont"n$'o'" %/#$'o%. En #gun% oortun$''"% ocurr" 0u" #% grn'"% '"%crg%

%/#$'% 2 #*0u$'% cu%n '9o% $(ortnt"% "n #% "%tructur% or "ro%$/n '"

#% ($%(% ;&r%$/n< . A "%r '" 0u" "n r*o% '" 1u"rt" "n'$"nt" 2 grn

8o#u("n '" %/#$'o% '" $(ortnt" t(9o %" rot"g" #% "%tructur% con

r"8"%t$($"nto% '"cu'o%, %$"(r" "$%t" # o%$&$#$'', co(o '" h"cho h

ocurr$'o, '" '"%g%t" '" #o% "#"("nto% "%tructur#"%, t#"% co(o $#r"%,

(uro% 2 %o#'o%. A#gun% 8"c"% # "ro%$/n h %$'o '" t# $nt"n%$'' 0u" h

co(ro("t$'o # c$("ntc$/n 2 # "%t&$#$'' '" to' # "%tructur.

En otr% oortun$''"% h ocurr$'o 0u" co(o con%"cu"nc$ '" #% grn'"%

'"%crg%, "%"c$#("nt" '"&$'o %u #rg 'urc$/n, %" ro'uc" un "ro%$/n

g"n"r#$' ;'"gr'c$/n< "n "# #"cho 1#u8$# gu% &+o '"# co#ch/n

'$%$'or '" "n"rg* '" # r"% '"r$8'or. E%t '"gr'c$/n tr" co(o

con%"cu"nc$ 0u" #o% n$8"#"% gu% &+o %"n ("nor"% 0u" #o% %uu"%to% "n

"# '$%"9o 2, or #o tnto, "# %#to h$'r)u#$co no %" 1or( '"ntro '" # o co(o

%" h&* r"8$%to. E# r"%u#t'o "% # '"%trucc$/n '"# %o#'o '" # o

'$%$'or '" "n"rg*, 2 '"# #"cho 1#u8$# u&$c'o $n("'$t("nt" gu% &+o,

2 # u"%t "n "#$gro '" to' # "%tructur.

Su"#" ocurr$r t(&$:n 0u" # grn cnt$'' 2 t(9o '" #o% %/#$'o%, '"()% '"

#o% cu"ro% "tr9o%, r"%"nt"% "n "# gu, '"n co(o con%"cu"nc$ #

r$c$/n '" '9o% $(ortnt"% "n #% co(u"rt%, r"+$##% 2 otro% "#"("nto%.

14


22/42


23/42

La Bocatoma

!$n#("nt", u"'" ocurr$r 0u" #o% '9o% %"n tnto%, tn $(ortnt"% 2 '" tn

'$8"r%o or$g"n 0u" tr$gn co(o con%"cu"nc$ # '"%trucc$/n tot# '" #

"%tructur o %u u"%t 1u"r '" %"r8$c$o 'urnt" un t$"(o &%tnt" #rgo.

E%t" r)$'o r"cu"nto '" #% 1##% 0u" ocurr"n "n #% r"%% '"r$8'or% no%

$n8$t "n%r "n # $(ortnc$ '"# '$%"9o 2 '" #% ("'$'% 0u" '"&"to(r%" r "8$tr o '$%($nu$r #o% '9o%.

CARACTERSTICAS >ENERALES

DE LA BOCATOMA DE CAPTACIFN LATERAL

L &octo( #t"r# "% un o&r '" ctc$/n %u"r1$c$# 2 "% # ()% "(#"'

cun'o %" trt '" ctr "# gu '" un r*o. E% "%t" t$o '" &octo( # 0u"'"'$c(o% # (2or rt" '" "%t "o%$c$/n. L 1or( ()% %$(#" '"

conc"&$r un ctc$/n #t"r# "% co(o un &$1urcc$/n. En r$("r #ugr

con8$"n" r"%"ntr un &r"8" '"%cr$c$/n '" #o% "#"("nto% con%t$tu2"nt"%

()% 1r"cu"nt"% '" un &octo( '" ctc$/n #t"r# , #o% 0u" o'r*n

c#%$1$cr%" '" # %$gu$"nt" (n"r=

Elementos de encau#amiento $ cierre. Su o&+"to "% "#"8r "# n$8"# '"# gu

r "r($t$r %u $ngr"%o # to( 2 # cn# '" '"r$8c$/n " $("'$r "#

'"%&or'" '"# r*o.

Elementos de descarga de avenidas. P"r($t"n "# %o '" #% cr"c$'%. Son

/rgno% '" %"gur$''.

Elementos de control de sedimentos. T$"n"n or o&+"to "# (n"+o '" #o%

%/#$'o%.

Elementos de control del ingreso de agua. P"r($t"n r"gu#r # cnt$'' '"

gu 0u" $ngr"% # '"r$8c$/n.

Elementos de control de la erosi%n.

&r%$/n

P"r($t"n '$%($nu$r # "ro%$/n 2 #

15


24/42


25/42

Elementos estructurales. Son #o% 0u" 'n "%t&$#$'' # o&r.La Bocatoma

En # !$gur N %" r"c$ un '$%o%$c$/n t*$c '" #o% r$nc$#"%

"#"("nto% '" un &octo( '" ctc$/n #t"r# "#o #$&r". E##o% %on=

&ertedero fi'o o resa derivadora. E# 8"rt"'"ro o r"% '"r$8'or "%

"%tructur#("nt" un u'. E% un r"% 8"rt"'or. Su"#" ##()r%"#" &rr+".

Su 1unc$/n "% # '" "#"8r "# n$8"# '"# gu

r #cnr "# r"0u"r$'o or #% n"c"%$''"% '" ctc$/n. E# u' cr" #

crg n"c"%r$ %o&r" "# cn# '" '"r$8c$/n r 0u" u"' $ngr"%r "#

Cu'# '" D$%"9o. E% '"c$r, o$g # gu "ntrr # ctc$/n. En t#

%"nt$'o "% un r"% '"r$8'or, '$1"r"nt" #% r"%% '" #(c"n($"nto. En

con%"cu"nc$, %u #tur %o&r" "# #"cho '"# r*o %u"#" %"r "0u"9 ;#guno%

oco% ("tro%


26/42

La Bocatoma

##"8r r"+$##% '" rot"cc$/n contr "# $ngr"%o '" cu"ro% "tr9o%,#% 0u"

u"'"n "%tr ro8$%t% '" #$($rr"+%.

Comuertas de cataci%n. Son #% 0u" r"gu#n "# $ngr"%o '" gu # cn# '"

'"r$8c$/n. Pu"'"n "%tr u&$c'% co(o rt" '" #% 8"ntn% '" ctc$/n, o,%$ hu&$"%" un "#"("nto '"cnt'or u&$c'o $n("'$t("nt" gu% &+o '"

#% 8"ntn% '" ctc$/n, o'r*n "%tr u&$c'% ()% hc$ gu% &+o, "n

"# $ngr"%o # cn#. En #% &octo(% "0u"9% u"'" trtr%" '" un %o#

co(u"rt.

Po#as disiadoras de energía. Agu% &+o '" #o% &rr+"% 1$+o 2 (/8$# "%

n"c"%r$o '$%on"r #g7n "#"("nto 0u" 2u'" '$%$r # "n"rg*.

>"n"r#("nt" %" '$%$ # "n"rg* ("'$nt" # 1or(c$/n '" un %#toh$'r)u#$co, r #o 0u" "% n"c"%r$o '$%on"r un o. In("'$t("nt" gu%

&+o, 2 co(o trn%$c$/n con "# #"cho 1#u8$#, %" co#oc un rot"cc$/n '"

1on'o &%" '" $"'r% # 0u" %" #" '"no($n r$-r. En # !$gur N 5 %"

r"c$ #% '"1or(c$on"% '"# #"cho 1#u8$# co(o con%"cu"nc$ '" #

con%trucc$/n '" un &rr+".

+uros guía. Son (uro% %"r'or"% 0u" %u"#" n u&$cr%" "ntr" #o% &rr+"%

1$+o 2 (/8$# 2 gu% rr$& '" "##o%. Pu"'"n t(&$:n "t"n'"r%" hc$ gu%

&+o, %"rn'o (&% o% '$%$'or% '" "n"rg*.

Canal desriiador. E% un "0u"9o cn# r#"#o # corr$"nt" r$nc$#,

u&$c'o +unto #% 8"ntn% '" ctc$/n 2 0u" "% nor(# # '$r"cc$/n '" #

corr$"nt" 0u" $ngr"% # ctc$/n. P"r($t" # "#$($nc$/n '" #o% %/#$'o%

cun'o #% c$rcun%tnc$% h$'r)u#$c% 2 toogr)1$c% #o "r($t"n.

i,ues de encau#amiento. S" u&$cn gu% rr$& 2 gu% &+o '"# "+" '" #

r"% '" '"r$8c$/n, "n # ("'$' "n # 0u" #% c$rcun%tnc$% toogr)1$c% #o

r"0u$"rn. Pr 0u" un &octo( %" "%t" "% n"c"%r$o 0u" #o %" "# tr(o

1#u8$# "n "# 0u" "%t) u&$c'. D" c) 0u" "n (uch% oortun$''"% h2 0u"

r"#$r "# "ncu($"nto '"# tr(o '" r*o "n #% $n("'$c$on"% '" # o&r '"

to(. A#gun% 8"c"% #o% '$0u"% '" "ncu($"nto %" "t$"n'"n #o #rgo '"

8r$o% K$#/("tro%. Su co%to u"'" %"r $(ortnt", "ro r"%u#tn &%o#ut("nt"

17


27/42


28/42


29/42


30/42

BOCATOMA TIROLESA

La Bocatoma

E$%t"n nu("ro%o% t$o% '" &octo(%. S"r* (u2 #rgo, 2 "%cr* #o%

1$n"% '" "%t "o%$c$/n, r"%"ntr #o% '$1"r"nt"% t$o% '" o&r% '" to( 0u"

1or(n rt" '" #o% ro2"cto% '" ro8"ch($"nto h$'r)u#$co. S$n "(&rgo,r 0u" no 0u"'" # $'" '" 0u" %/#o %" con%tru2"n ctc$on"% #t"r#"%

co(o #% nt"% '"%cr$t%, %" o1r"c" cont$nuc$/n un &r"8" $n1or(c$/n

%o&r" un t$o rt$cu#r '" o&r '" to(= # to( t$ro#"%, t(&$:n ##('

cuc%$n, #$n o %u("rg$'. S" trt '" un "%tructur t*$c '" #% rt"%

#t% '" #o% torr"nt"% '" (ont9. L ctc$/n %" "1"ct7 or ("'$o '" un

r"+$## '" 1on'o cu2o% &rrot"% %" '$%on"n "n # '$r"cc$/n '" # corr$"nt". V"r

!$gur N . L r"+$## '"&" t"n"r un 1u"rt" "n'$"nt", (2or 0u" # '"# r*o.

Lo% &rrot"% '"&"n t"n"r un "r1$# ro$'o '" (o'o 0u" #% $"'r% no %"tr0u"n "ntr" "##o%.

In("'$t("nt" '"&+o '" # r"+$## %" '$%on" un c)(r '"cnt'or "n #

0u" "# (t"r$# %/#$'o ct'o '"o%$t 2 "% #u"go "#$($n'o cc$onn'o un

co(u"rt, ##(' '" urg, "%"c$#("nt" '$%u"%t r "# "1"cto. E# gu,

#$&r" '" %"'$("nto%, %" ct or ("'$o '" un 8"rt"'"ro u&$c'o "n # c)(r

'"cnt'or. E# gu %* ct' "% con'uc$' or "# cn# hc$ # on '"

ro8"ch($"nto. V"r !$gur N 3. E%t" t$o '" ctc$/n "% &%tnt" %$(#" 2h ''o &u"no% r"%u#t'o% "n torr"nt"% con (t"r$# gru"%o. S" ut$#$

g"n"r#("nt" r ctr cu'#"% "0u"9o%. A#gun% to(% u&$c'% "n #o%

A#"% hn ''o (u2 &u"no% r"%u#t'o% r cu'#"% '" ctc$/n

co(r"n'$'o% "ntr" 4, 2 (56%. L% "n'$"nt"% '" #% r"+$##% 8r$ron "ntr"

=4 2 =. En #guno% ro2"cto% %" h $ncoror'o # uto(t$c$/n '" #%

co(u"rt%, con (u2 &u"no% r"%u#t'o%. E%t" t$o '" ctc$/n 1u" "%tu'$'o

"t"n%("nt" "n Tur0u* or "# ro1"%or ""n, 0u$"n r"#$/ 8r$%

$n8"%t$gc$on"% "n (o'"#o h$'r)u#$co. Do% &octo(% $(ortnt"%, r J 2 ?

(56%, 1unc$onron &%tnt" &$"n. D"&", %$n "(&rgo, r"cor'r%" 0u" "n 8r$o%

#ugr"% %" h con%tru$'o "%t" t$o '" to(, "ro "# r"%u#t'o 1u" un co(#"to

1rc%o. E%to %" '"&$/ 0u" no "$%t*n #% con'$c$on"% '"cu'%.

19


31/42

RE!LEQIFN !INAL

La Bocatoma

E# t"( '" #% &octo(% no "% %"nc$##o. S" r"0u$"r" # con%$'"rc$/n '"

(ucho% %"cto% "ntr" #o% cu#"% "%t)n #o% t"/r$co%, ""r$("nt#"% 2

r)ct$co%. En "%t "o%$c$/n %" h r"%"nt'o no %/#o un 8$%$/n g"n"r# '"#'$%"9o '" &octo(%, %$no 0u" t(&$:n %" h "n1t$'o %u $(ortnc$ "n un

ro2"cto '" ro8"ch($"nto h$'r)u#$co. D"&" t"n"r%" r"%"nt" 0u" "n "#

#n"($"nto, '$%"9o, con%trucc$/n, o"rc$/n 2 (nt"n$($"nto '" un

&octo( # $ng"n$"r* c$8$# t$"n" un "# (u2 $(ortnt", u"% %" "(#"

#"n$tu'.

20


32/42


33/42

Arturo Rocha Felices

-

D"%r"n'or

La Bocatoma

!$gur N -eresentaci%n es,uemtica del sistema ocatoma/desarenador

21


34/42


35/42

Arturo Rocha Felices La Bocatoma

!$gur N isosici%n tíica de los rinciales elementosde una ocatoma de cataci%n lateral

22


36/42


37/42


38/42

Arturo Rocha Felices La Bocatoma

!$gur N J -eresentaci%n es,uemtica de una ifurcaci%n

24


39/42


40/42


!$gur N Cataci%n tirolesa

La Bocatoma

25


41/42


!$gur N 3 Cataci%n tirolesa (corte)

La Bocatoma

26


42/42

Trabajo Areglado

Documents

Transcript of Trabajo Areglado