CLIL

UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA EVOLUTION

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unidad didáctica CLIL :EvolutionEvolution es una unidad didáctica CLIL dirigida a los alumnos de Primero de Bachillerato que pretende introducir en inglés los conceptos más importantes de la evolución a un sector del alumnado cuyas necesidades van más allá de la pura instrucción lingüística: necesitan poner en práctica la lengua que han aprendido y nada mejor que un tema propio de una asignatura de contenido, en este caso de la asignatura de Biología. Esta unidad está pensada para ser impartida en la clase de Inglés, por lo quesu utilización tiene lugar de forma coordinada con el Departamento de Biología, fundiéndose así lengua y contenido en dos clases diferentes, con dos profesores diferentes, pero con unos objetivos compartidos.

Los objetivos de esta unidad son:

• Explicar la importancia de Charles Darwin y su teoría de la evolución en la historia de la Biología;

• Explicar el significado de la selección natural;

• Identificar las diferentes características de las distintas especies de homínidos ;

• Discutir las similitudes entre los humanos y los primates;

• Explicar el proceso por el cual sabemos que tenemos ancestros comunes con otros animales.

La unidad está dividida en ocho sesiones: En la primera sesión se presenta un texto sobre el origen de la vida, que se complementacon un vídeo explicativo de Youtube; los alumnos han de realizar actividades de comprensión escrita y ejercicios de vocabulario.

En la segunda sesión se hace un ejercicio simultáneo de comprensión oral y escrita a través de la transcripción de un vídeo sobre los primeros humanos, y los alumnos han derealizar un ejercicio de síntesis de la información recibida.

El tema de la tercera sesión es Darwin, su biografía y su viaje en el Beagle. El tipo de actividad que los alumnos realizan en esta sesión es un ejercicio de Verdadero/Falso justificado, al estilo de los que hacen las PAU.

La cuarta sesión explica la teoría de la evolución según Darwin, los problemas de su divulgación y la polémica con que fue recibida. Los alumnos realizan actividades de compresión escrita con preguntas estilo PAU y practican su vocabulario mediante una sopa de letras

La sesión quinta retoma la evolución humana a partir del género homo y explica, con laayuda de un vídeo de Youtube la dispersión del ser humano por el mundo, las distintas especies, etc. Los alumnos realizarán una tarea similar a la de la sesión dos, en la que han de escuchar y leer al mismo tiempo para entender el texto.

La séptima sesión se realiza en un laboratorio de idiomas y consiste en una webquest, que partiendo de diferentes websites intenta fijar los contenidos más importantes y dar una nueva dimensión lúdica a la unidad, a través de juegos online, de presentar la evolución de Homer Simpson, etc.

Durante las sesiones ocho y nueve los alumnos realizan y exponen por parejas una presentación sobre la evolución humana y realizan un timeline con los momentos más importantes. Estas son las tareas que, junto con el resto de actividades realizadas a lo largo de todas las sesiones, proporcionarán los elementos objetivamente evaluables.

Esta unidad didáctica está recogida en https://drive.google.com/file/d/0By7RaJl-g-JZSlVrQ0p0amw5b2M/edit?usp=sharing

La plantilla CLIL de esta unidad didáctica está en

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0By7RaJl-g-JZV1lER0tfT3VScWc/edit?usp=sharing

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Session 1

The origin of life

I

Proteins are what you get when you put amino acids together, and we need a lotof them. No one really knows, but there may be as many as a million types ofprotein in the human body, and each one is a little miracle. By all the laws ofprobability proteins shouldn’t exist. To make a protein you need to assemble(unir) amino acids (which are known as “the building blocks of life”) in aparticular order, in much the same way that you assemble letters in a particularorder to spell a word. The problem is that words in the amino acid alphabet areoften exceedingly long.

II

Yet we are talking about several hundred thousand types of protein, perhaps amillion, each unique and each, as far as we know, vital to the maintenance of ahealthy and happy you. And it goes on (sigue) from there. A protein to be of usemust not only assemble amino acids in the right sequence, but then must engagein a kind of chemical origami (papiroflexia) and fold (doblar) itself into a veryspecific shape. Even having achieved (lograr) this structural complexity, aprotein is no good to you if it can’t reproduce itself, and proteins can’t. For thisyou need DNA. DNA is a champion at replicating—it can make a copy of itselfin seconds—but can do nearly nothing else. So we have a paradoxical situation.Proteins can’t exist without DNA, and DNA has no purpose without proteins. Arewe to assume then that they started simultaneously with the purpose ofsupporting each other? If so: wow.

III

It is as if all the ingredients in your kitchen somehow got together and bakedthemselves into a cake—but a cake that could moreover divide when necessaryto produce more cakes. It is little wonder that we call it the miracle of life. It isalso little wonder that we have barely (apenas) begun to understand it.

Adapted from Bryson, BillA short story of nearly everything

NY., 2003

Many people that suffer from hair loss take protein supplements inhopes of accelerating their hair growth. Although proteindeficiency is not usually the cause of hair loss, adding protein andamino acids to your diet can improve the rate at which hair grows.

click here and you'll see (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaHHgEoa2c8 )

And now, let’s work a little:

Are these statements true or false? Support your answer with words form the text:

Amino acids and proteins are the same thing

____________________________________________________________

Proteins are the blocks of life

___________________________________________________________

A protein needs DNA to reduplicate

_____________________________________________________________

We call the miracle of life the fact that we can make cakes

______________________________________________________________

Find a synonym for each of the expressions below:

Extremely (paragraph I) _____________

However (paragraph II) _____________

Correct (paragraph II) _____________

In some way (paragraph II) _____________

Besides (paragraph III) _____________

This is all very difficult for me; can you explain the main idea of the text, please?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Session 2

The first humanshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-nLJI2BZIM

The only creature on the _____________ she fears is another of her own kind.Two hundred twenty million years ago… there is only one giant continent calledPangaea. It is a harsh place mostly covered by deserts…This line of ancient reptiles has met all challenges for more than a hundredmillion years, but now there is _____________ new… A family of reptiles destined toshape the course of life on earth for the next one hundred and sixty million years.These are the first dinosaurs This small raptor has survived the drought along with others of her kind, but they have now been joined by another type of dinosaur. A herd ofPlateosaurus has been drawn to the _____________. It is hard to believe that these four-legged giants are related to their small cousins; but they are plant-eating dinosaurs. Their size is the key to their _____________. At four tons, they are just too big to be threatened. This is the shape of things to come and their descendants will only get larger.

Further down the river is one of this period’s most _____________ animals. This is aconnecting link between reptiles and mammals. As he runs, his backbone moves from side to side like a reptiles but he has hair and lives in a burrow like a mammal.Deep inside, his mate sleeps on a bed of lichen. The bond between them is_____________, and they pair for life. Like all land reptiles, they lay eggs. But afterhatching their young are very dependant, and spend their first months feedingfrom special milk glands on the mother’s stomach.The Jurassic is a time of colossal sea-going monsters; full of _____________ bristling with spikes and clubs, horns and frills, and mountains of flesh so huge that they shook the ground beneath them.

125 million years ago. The slow _____________ of the continents is breaking up thenorthern and southern land masses, raising sea levels, and opening up newseaways and coastlines.Where once there was solid land, now there are ragged cliffs filled with flyingreptiles called Pterosaurs. Pterosaurs have been around for one hundred millionyears and some species are now huge.Wing spans of twenty feet are common, but there is one species that dwarfs them all. This giant is forty feet from wing tip to wing tip. With a body _____________ thana man’s, he is the undisputed king of the skies.This little mammal is a scavenger. She is a marsupial and specializes in raidingabandoned dinosaur nests. This _____________, she thinks she is in luck. Unfortunately, the smell of food has blinded her to the danger.Sixty-Five million years ago…A meteor just ten miles wide abruptly ended the reign of the dinosaurs.Three thousand miles to the north the effects are about to arrive.The light from the impact fades in _____________.The shockwave arrives.Next comes the blast front.

Finally, a rain of molten rock starts to fall out of the darkening sky.The meteor hit the Gulf of Mexico with the force of ten billion Hiroshima bombs.With the catastrophic climate changes that followed, sixty five percent of all lifedied out. It took earth millions of years to recover and when it did the dinosaurswere gone forever.It is a time called the Eocene and earth has healed itself from the ravages of themassive meteor strike. A lot has changed since the time of the dinosaurs. It ishotter now and tropical rain forests have sprung up on every _____________. The toppredators now are the dinosaur’s direct descendents, the birds. There are manyvarieties in this weird habitat and the largest is a thousand pounds of muscle andfeathers and is as tall as a grown man.From small _____________, mammals are now prepared to take over the world. Overthe course of forty million years, mammals became more and more successfuluntil they were the biggest, fiercest, and most spectacular animals on the planet.Whatever the climate and whatever the habitat, mammals made it their own.Their great strength was their ability to _____________. They grew to huge sizes. Theyevolved into powerful killers like the famous Sabre tooth cats and they even laidclaim to the ocean.And then around 6 or 7 million years ago we have our first ancestor that is NOTalso an ancestor of any other living creature.

This is Toumai. It is the oldest known _____________ and dates to between 6 and 7 million ago.Orrorin dates almost to 6 million years ago and was probably bipedal.Ardepithecus lived from 5.8 to 4.4 million years ago.This is Kenyanthropus from 3.5 million years ago.This is Lucy, an Australopithecus Afarensis from 3.2 million years ago.Meet Australopithecus Africanus. He is from 2.5 million years ago.Homo Habilis from 1.9 million years ago was found with tools.Homo Ergaster dates to 1.6 million years ago.Homo Erectus lived from 1.8 million years ago until 300,000 years ago. This specimen is from 500,000 years ago.This woman is the mother of all _____________; the common ancestor from whom we all descend. She lived a hundred and fifty thousand years ago in East Africa and everyone on earth is related to her.

Fill the empty squares with the proper data:

Fact TimePangaea

125 million years ago65 million years ago

LucyHomo erectus

Session 3

Darwin 1Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809,

in Shrewsbury, a town in the west

of England. His father was a prosperous and well-regarded physician (médico). His motherdied when Charles was only eight.

Darwin enjoyed every advantage of education, but continually worried his widowed fatherwith his bad academic performance. “You care for nothing but shooting, dogs, and rat-catching, and you will be a disgrace to yourself and all your family,” once his father wrote.Although his inclination was to natural history, for his father’s sake he tried to studymedicine at Edinburgh University but couldn’t bear (soportar) the blood and suffering. Hetried law instead, but found that insupportably boring and finally managed to (consiguió)acquire a degree (título) in theology from Cambridge.

A life in a rural vicarage (vicaría) seemed to await him when from out of the blue (así porlas buenas) there came a more tempting offer. Darwin was invited to sail on the navalsurvey ship HMS Beagle, essentially as dinner company for the captain, Robert FitzRoy.FitzRoy, who was very strange, chose Darwin in part because he liked the shape ofDarwin’s nose. They were very, very young. At the time of sailing, FitzRoy was onlytwenty-three, Darwin just twenty-two.

Darwin’s time aboard HMS Beagle, from 1831 to 1836, was obviously theformative experience of his life, but also one of the most difficult. He and his

captain shared a small cabin, which can’t have been easy as FitzRoy was subject tofits (ataques) of fury. He and Darwin constantly had quarrels (peleas), some

“bordering on insanity (locura),” as Darwin later remembered. FitzRoycame from a family well known for a depressive instinct, and he wouldkill himself in 1865. Darwin was shocked to learn upon the conclusion

of their voyage that almost at once FitzRoy married a young woman towhom he had long been engaged. In five years in Darwin’s company, he

had not once mentioned her name.

In every other respect, however, the Beaglevoyage was a triumph. Darwin experiencedadventure enough to last a lifetime andaccumulated specimens sufficient to make hisreputation and keep him occupied for years..In 1836, aged twenty-seven, he returnedhome after being away for five years and twodays. He never left England again.

Adapted from Bryson, BillA short story of nearly everything

NY., 2003

Click here and you’ll see (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olW9D7TQf3g )

Are these sentences true or false? Find evidence to support your answers

1. Darwin was Irish

2. He was a very good student

3. His father wanted him to be a doctor

4. He liked studying law

5. He had a strong religious formation

6. The journey took more than five years

7. FitzRoy liked his eyes

8. FitzRoy and Darwin were great friends

9. Darwin was twenty-seven when he started the voyage.

10. He had travelled around the world

Session 4

Darwin 2Natural selection seems a simple idea—it is a very simple idea—but it explained a greatdeal (mucho), and Darwin was prepared to devote his life to it. “How stupid of me not tohave thought of it!” T. H. Huxley cried upon reading On the Origin of Species. It is a viewthat has been echoed ever since. Interestingly, Darwin didn’t use the phrase “survival of thefittest” (la supervivencia del más apto) in any of his work (though he did express hisadmiration for it).

Darwin kept his theory to himself because he well knew the storm ( tormenta) it wouldcause, but in the early summer of 1858 he received a friendly letter from a young naturalistnamed Alfred Russel Wallace and the draft (borrador) of an article outlining (que resumía)a theory of natural selection that was very similar to Darwin’s secret writings. Even some ofthe phrasing echoed Darwin’s own. “I never saw a more unusual coincidence,” Darwinreflected in dismay. “

Darwin was placed in an agonizing dilemma. If he rushed (apresuraba) into print topreserve his priority, he would be taking advantage of an innocent admirer. But if hestepped aside, he would lose credit for a theory that he had independently propounded.Wallace’s theory was, by Wallace’s own admission, the result of a flash of insight(perspicacia); Darwin’s was the product of years of careful, methodical thought. It was allextremely unfair. So, the theory was presented under two names. On July 1, 1858, Darwin’sand Wallace’s theory was unveiled (desvelada) to the world. Darwin himself was notpresent. On the day of the meeting, he and his wife were burying (enterrando) their son.

On the Origin of Species was an immediatecommercial success, but rather less (mucho menos) ofa critical one. Darwin’s theory presented twointractable difficulties. It needed far more time thanthe age of the Earth was believed to be, and it wasscarcely (apenas) supported by fossil evidence.

The strongest criticism to Darwinism comes from avery conservative religious notion known asargument from design (diseño). Paley, the firsttheologian to put it through, claimed that if youfound a pocket watch on the ground, even if youhad never seen such a thing before, you would

instantly perceive that it had been made by an intelligent entity. So it was, he believed,with nature, for example, in relation with complex organs like eyes or wings (alas):their complexity was proof (prueba) of their design.

Adapted from Bryson, BillA short story of nearly everything

NY., 2003

Click here (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jvc3S_ZiucU) and here(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_RXX7pntr8) and you’ll see

Think and answer:Why is natural selection a simple idea?

Why would evolution theory create a storm?

Why is the argument form design related to religion?

Match the words with their definitions:Mimicry___ allelic frequency___ gene pool___ fossils___(mimetismo)a) occurrence of one of two or more forms of the DNA sequence of a particular geneb) preserved remains of living organisms from the remote pastc) similarity of one species to another which protects one or bothd) complete set of unique alleles in a species or population.

T I M H N C E A N A O V H M S B E A G L E C P A O

I P E C S A Y N I W R A D S E L R A H C E L T I G

V A N A T O M Y Y L O A Y C U R S S A O U A L F C

P E L E Q A L L E L I C F R E Q U E N C Y I A O A

E T S O I P E E S A S G A L A P A G O S N C I S M

C R M M I M I C R Y F L A Y T I S R E V I D Z S O

N I A R T I F I C I A L S E L E C T I O N A P I U

E A A D A P T I V E R A D I A T I O N I I G I L F

D O A N O Y E R U T C U R T S S U O G O L A N A L

I M I U R S N G E I O I N M L O O P E N E G O I A

V G L R S G G E N E T I C D R I F T E Y S Y I G G

E Y L V A R I A T I O N B I O C H E M I S T R Y E

S E M B R Y O L O G Y Q T O G R A D U A L I S M E

O N I N O I T A I C E P S E I S A C B L E L I Y M

Y F R E S F N O I T C E L E S L A R U T A N M E S

WORD LIST

ADAPTIVERADIATION ALLELICFREQUENCY ANATOMY

ANALOGOUSSTRUCTURE

ARTIFICIALSELECTION BIOCHEMISTRY

CAMOUFLAGE CHARLESDARWIN VARIATION

SPECIATION DIVERSITY EMBRYOLOGY

EVIDENCE FOSSIL GALAPAGOS

GENEPOOL GENETICDRIFT GRADUALISM

HMSBEAGLE MIMICRYNATURALSELECTIO

N

Session 5:

Evolution Of Modern Humanshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KjJ234XPC4

Over the next few million years, some of our ancient _____________ left Africa;discovered fire, _____________ and clothes.The human species evolved and multiplied. But due to climatic changes, the onlymodern humans to _____________ were those that stayed in Africa.

This woman is the mother of all mankind; the common ancestor from whom we alldescend. She lived a hundred and fifty thousand years ago in East Africa and everyoneon earth is related to her.

Eighty thousand years ago severe climate _____________ have again reduced thenumber of modern humans to fewer than ten thousand. They are scattered throughoutAfrica in small groups. In an effort to find food, one group living on the east coastattempted a crossing of the red sea to the far coast of Yemen – a distance of only tenmiles but a difficult and _____________ journey. They were successful and every non-African in the world today is descended from this group. While some of our ancestorsstayed in Yemen, others moved east along the coast of the Indian Ocean looking forwarm gentle places to stop. It took six thousand years after reaching Yemen, but ourancestors ate their way to Malaysia. Six thousand miles from Africa, they were deep inthe tropical _____________ of Southeast Asia living a life of hunting and_____________. They roamed in small bands. They stayed in one place only longenough to reap the harvest of wildlife and then they moved on. Their bodies graduallyadapted to the rainforest conditions. Away from the harsh African sun, their skinsbecame lighter and their stature was reduced by a lack of meat.

The Toba eruption happened in Sumatra seventy-four thousand years ago. It was thesingle biggest explosion on Earth in the last two million years. The plume was twenty-five miles high and it plunged much of the world into six years of ash-covered_____________. Once again, our ancestors had to move to survive.

Seventy four thousand years ago, sea levels were one hundred and sixty feet lower thantoday, and most of the islands of Southeast Asia were joined together in a single landmass. Running to escape from the Toba eruption, humans were pressured to cross to theunknown continent of Australia. One hundred miles of _____________ infested seaswas an intimidating barrier. But, amazingly, the evidence suggests that wave after waveof our ancestors made this perilous journey.

For thirty thousand years, harsh deserts blocked the passage from Yemen into Europe,but a favorable climate shift finally brought the rain. Rivers swelled, and game spreadnorth and our ancestors _____________ the game. They spread quickly to theMediterranean, then south along the coast into North Africa…and up through theBalkans and into Europe.

Tools shark rainforest survive gathering followed darkness relatives dangerous conditions

Bridge actual migrationempty settlement skills

Fifty thousand years ago our ancestors entered what is now Germany, but they were infor a surprise. Germany was not _____________. Another line of hominids that had leftAfrica over two hundred and fifty thousand years earlier was now the master of Europe.And although they had brains fully as large as modern humans, Neanderthal did notsurvive this contact. They were soon extinct.

By thirty five thousand years ago, our ancestors were creating art and other treasuredobjects. Carvings from this time can be delicate and expertly done. Cave paintings aswell as carvings were sometimes symbolic and sometimes representative of_____________ people or animals. Paintings often depicted the prey they werehunting…in some cases dangerous animals such as lions or woolly rhinoceros. Otherpaintings may even represent magical or imaginary creatures.

By twenty five thousand years ago, our ancestors had trekked north from SoutheastAsia, and east from the steppes in Siberia. The _____________ converged at the BeringStraits connecting Asia with North America.

Until recently archaeologists believed that humans reached North America about fifteenthousand years ago, but new evidence places our ancestors crossing the narrow land_____________ into North America between twenty and twenty-five thousand yearsago. Advancing ice from the north smothered the central plains and forced the migrantsdown the west coast into South America. As the ice retreated, they spread backnorthward. There is evidence of a _____________ in a rocky shelter on the Ohio Riverin Pennsylvania that was inhabited more than sixteen thousand years ago.

By eight thousand years ago, humans had mastered herding, agriculture, metallurgy andother _____________. Civilizations sprang up around the world and included: Babylon,Persia, Egypt, Greece, America, India, Sumeria, and China. From those civilizations toour own is a matter of history. One thousand years ago Chinese astronomers observed the first supernova in modernhistory. Today we see its remnants as the Crab Nebula.A hundred and thirty years ago, Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements that arecreated in the hearts of stars into today’s periodic table.About one hundred years ago, Thompson discovered the electron; Rutherforddiscovered the nucleus and Bohr put together the first detailed description of an atom.About 80 years ago, physicists concluded that protons existed inside the nucleus.And about 70 years ago, Chadwick discovered the neutron.About 30 years ago, Murray Gell-Mann theorized the existence of quarks. Existence ofthe final quark cousin predicted by his theory was confirmed in 1995.Penzias and Wilson discovered the Cosmic Microwave Background, and 10 years agoan experiment detected ripples in the thermal nature of that background, thusconfirming inflation.The universe was created in an enormous explosion some 13.7 billion years ago.Before that explosion, there was no time, no space, no energy, and no matter.

Session 6

A webquest on evolution

This is a webquest about evolution. You have to surf the net to find some answers, and show that you are crack in the new technologies (there is life after tuenti).

Activity oneWe start here, in the USA: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_02Oh my God, there some words missing here. Please find them.

Biological evolution, simply put, is _______________ with modification. The central idea of biological evolution is that all life on Earth shares a common _______________, just as you and your cousins share a common grandmother.

Now, click on next: What do frogs and wehave in common? We are vertebrate, we have askeleton, and _______________

Activity twoLet’s see a movie: Hi, do you know who I am? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faRlFsYmkeY )

Write a shot description of the video you have just seen: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity threeNow, we cross the Atlantic Ocean and we go to the UK. Look at this beautiful thing by the BBC: click here (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/life_on_earth/theory_evolutionrev2.shtml) , and, yes, we have another picture of our dear friend Charlie.What are the key points of the theory of evolution? Try to say it with your own words

1. _______________________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________

Activity fourJust above these facts on natural selection, you can see a wonderful timeline made bethe BBC: you have to complete the data related to the dates. What happened

4.6 billion years ago? __________________________________

3.5billion years ago __________________________________

1 billion years ago? __________________________________

500 million years ago? __________________________________

450 million years ago? __________________________________

390 million years ago? __________________________________

250 million years ago? __________________________________

220 million years ago? __________________________________

200. million years ago? __________________________________

130 million years ago __________________________________

65 million years ago? __________________________________

45 million years ago? __________________________________

3 million years ago? __________________________________

Activity five

Find the answer to these questions in the Learning area of this website:http://www.atapuerca.org/

Activity six

So much for working so hard. Now we are going to play a little: click on these links:Let's play 1 (http://www.purposegames.com/game/e40352a20c )Let's play 2 (http://www.purposegames.com/game/eeaa444c2e) http://learningapps.org/display?v=p83ta26k301

And now take this easy quiz:human-evolution-quiz-game (http://www.purposegames.com/game/human-evolution-quiz-game )

Follow up activity: we have stopped in the time line at moment of the apparition of thefirst hominid. Now it is up to you to create a time line with the highlights of HumanEvolution. You must look up for your data, describe the facts with your words and addyour pictures. It you don’t know how to do it, click here(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHhdgX2wKzw ) and you will get wonderfulideas

Session 7

Work with your partner: you have to create a PowerPoint presentation on the Human evolution: Which aspects do you find more interesting?You presentation must be divided in two parts, and each of you must explain his or her part to the class.

Session 8

Presentations