Unit 2 Science -Nutrition

7/24/2019 Unit 2 Science -Nutrition

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UNIDAD: 2.- LA NUTRICIÓN

¿QUÉ ES LA NUTRICIÓN?Los seres vivos ingieren comida y la convierte en su propia materia y en energía. Hay dos tipos de

nutrición:

• Nutrición autótrofa: Los seres vivos hacen su propia materia orgánica de materia inorgánica.

• Nutrición heterótrofa: Los seres vivos se alimentan de materia orgánica producida por otrosseres vivos.

¿QUÉ ES EL PROCESO DIGESTIVO?La digestión incluye todos los procesos que descomponen la comida en sustancias simples que son

usadas para tener energía, crecer y reparar células.

El proceso digestivo en los animales tiene cuatro etapas:

• Ingestión: La entrada de comida en el cuerpo a través de la boca.

• Digestión: La transformación de comida en nutrientes que el cuerpo puede absorber.

• Absorción: Es el paso de nutrientes del aparato digestivo a la sangre. La sangre lleva los

nutrientes a las células.• Excreción: Es la eliminación de los productos de desechos del aparato digestivo.

¿QUÉ ES EL TUBO DIGESTIVO?

El tubo digestivo es un tubo que empieza en la boca y termina en el ano.Órganos del tubo digestivo: en general, el tubo digestivo es similar en todos los animales

superiores.

Compara los órganos en un humano y en un conejo.

¿CÓMO RESPIRAN LOS ANIMALES?

Los animales respiran inhalando oxígeno del exterior, y luego exhalando dióxido de carbono. Haycuatro tipos de respiración en los animales:

• Respiración cutánea: El intercambio de gases tiene lugar a través de la piel, la cual es muy fina y

húmeda.

• Respiración traqueal: El intercambio de gases tiene lugar a través de tubos o traqueas.



• Respiración branquial: El intercambio de gases tiene lugar a través de las agallas.• Respiración pulmonar: El intercambio de gases tiene lugar en los pulmones.

¿QUÉ ES UN SISTEMA CIRCULATORIO?El sistema circulatorio consta de:

• Sangre: Es un fluido circulatorio interno. La sangre lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al cuerpo y los

producto de desechos.• Vasos sanguíneos: Son conductos que llevan sangre. Las arterias llevan la sangre desde el

corazón hasta el cuerpo y las venas llevan la sangre desde el cuerpo de vuelta al corazón.

• Corazón: Es un órgano como una bomba que hace circular la sangre a través de los vasos

sanguíneos del cuerpo.

FUNCIONES DEL APARATO CIRCULATORIO: Tiene dos funciones básicas:

• Lleva nutrientes y oxígeno a las células.

• Elimina el dióxido de carbono y los productos de desecho del metabolismo.

TIPOS DE SISTEMAS CIRCULATORIOS: Hay dos tipos de sistemas circulatorios:

• Sistema circulatorio abierto: El fluido circulatorio es bombeado por el corazón, desde aquí, la

sangre fluye por las cavidades del cuerpo directamente a los órganos internos.

• Sistema circulatorio cerrado: La sangre siempre circula dentro de vasos sanguíneos, bombeada por el corazón. Los vasos reparten la sangre por las células del cuerpo y retorna al corazón. Hay

dos tipos de sistemas circulatorios cerrados:

-Simple: la sangre pasa por el corazón una vez, completando una vuelta.

-Doble: la sangre pasa por el corazón dos veces, completando dos vueltas.

¿QUÉ ES LA EXCRECIÓN?Es el proceso de recogida de productos de desecho y la expulsión de ellos fuera del cuerpo.

El dióxido de carbono es expulsado por los aparatos circulatorio y respiratorio, pero otras

sustancias son eliminadas por el sistema excretor.El sistema excretor está formado por varios órganos:

• Los riñones filtran la sangre y producen la orina.

• Los uréteres son finos tubos por los que la orina salen de los riñones.

• La vejiga es el lugar donde se almacena la orina.

• La uretra: la orina es expulsada del cuerpo a través de la uretra.

¿CÓMO REALIZAN LA NUTRICIÓN LAS PLANTAS?Las plantas son autótrofas. Ellas producen materia orgánica a partir de materia inorgánica, como

dióxido de carbono, agua y sales minerales. La nutrición de las plantas implica cinco procesos:

• Absorción: El agua y las sales minerales son absorbidas por las raíces. Estos nutrientesinorgánicos se llaman savia bruta.

• Transporte de la savia bruta: la savia bruta sube por el tallo hacia las hojas por los vasosleñosos.

• Intercambio de gases: Tiene lugar en las hojas. El dióxido de carbono entra en la planta por los

estomas. El oxígeno y el agua también se evaporan por los estomas, en las hojas de las plantas. La

evaporación del agua se llama transpiración.

• Fotosíntesis: Tiene lugar en los cloroplastos donde se encuentra la clorofila. La clorofila absorbe

la luz solar para producir energía. La sabia bruta y el dióxido de carbono se transforma en saviaelaborada.



NAME:_________________________________________ DATE:__________ 2º ESO___ (Bilingual)

UNIT: 2.- NUTRITIONWHAT IS NUTRITION?

Living beings take in food and convert it into their own matter and into energy. There are two typesof nutrition:

• Autotrophic nutrition: Living beings make their own organic matter from inorganic matter.• Heterotrophic nutrition: Living beings feed on organic matter produced by other living beings.

1.- Copy below this information.

2.- Translate the following words: Nutrition: Autotrophic nutrition:

Living being: Heterotrophic nutrition:

Organic matter: Inorganic matter:

3.- Fill-in the blanks :

______________ take in food and convert it into their own ________ and into __________. There are two

types of _________:

________________________: Living beings make their own _______________ from ________________.

________________________: Living beings feed on ________________ produced by other

__________________.

4. – a) There are two types of nutrition: ______________________ and _______________________

b) Living beings take in food and convert it into _____________________ and _________________

c) In autotrophic nutrition, living beings make their own _________________from ______________

d) In heterotrophic nutrition, living beings feed on _______________ produced by ______________

5.- Complete with vowels: __ __t__tr__ph__c n__tr__t__ __n: L__v__ng b__ __ngs m__k__ th__ __r __wn

__rg__n__c m__tt__r fr__m __n__rg__n__c m__tt__r.

H__t__r__tr__ph__c n__tr__t__ __n: L__v__ng b__ __ngs f__ __d __n __rg__n__c

m__tt__r pr__d__c__d by __th__r l__v__ng b__ __ngs.



6.- Complete this picture:

7.- What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

8.- What is nutrition?:

9.- Correct the mistakes:a) Living beings take in matter and convert it into their own food and into energy.

b) There are three types of nutrition.

c) In autotrophic nutrition living beings make their own inorganic matter from organic matter.

d) In heterotrophic nutrition living beings feed on inorganic matter produced by other living beings.

10.- Draw a living being with autotrophic nutrition:




WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS?Digestion includes all the processes which break down food into simple substances which are used

for energy, growth and cell repair.The digestive process in animals has four stages:

• Ingestion: The intake of food into the body through the mouth.

• Digestion: The transformation of food into nutrients which the body can absorb.

• Absorption: It is the passage of nutrients from the digestive system into the blood. The blood

carries the nutrients to the cells.

• Egestion: It is the elimination of waste products from the digestive system

1.- Copy this information:

2.- Translate these words:Ingestion: Absorption: Egestion:

Digestion: Break down: Growth:

Mouth: Nutrients: Waste products:

Blood: Body: Digestive system:

3.- What is the difference between “ingestion” and “digestion”:

4.- Correct the mistakes:The digestive process in animals has five stages:

Ingestion: The take of food into the cell through the mouth.

Digestion: The transformation of foot into nutrients which the mouth can absorb.

Absorption: It is the passage of nutrients from the circulatory system into the blood. The hands carries the

nutrients to the cells.

Degestion: It is the elimination of food products from the digestive system.

5.- Match the two columns with arrows:

Ingestion It is the elimination of waste products from the digestive system

Digestion The intake of food into the body through the mouth

Absorption The transformation of food into nutrients which the body can absorb



Egestion It is the passage of nutrients from the digestive system into the blood.

6.- Write “T” if the statement is true or “F” if the statement is false.a) Digestion includes all the processes which break down food into simple substances.

b) The digestive process in animals and plants has four stages.

c) The intake of food into the body through the mouth occurs in the ingestion.

d) The transformation of food into nutrients which the body can absorb occurs in the digestion.

e) Absorption is the passage of nutrients from the digestive system into the blood. The blood carries the

nutrients to the cells.

f) Egestion is the elimination of waste products from the circulatory system.

7.- Complete each definition with “ingestion”, “digestion”, “absorption” or “egestion”

______________ : The process by which the products of digestion are transferred into the body's internal

environment, enabling them to reach the cells.

_______________: The process of breaking down food into its molecular and chemical components so

that these nutrient molecules can cross plasma membranes.

8.- Write these statements in the correct order:

a) which the body The transformation Digestion: can absorb. of food into nutrients

b) It is the elimination the digestive system. from of waste products Egestion:

c) The intake through the mouth. Ingestion: of food into the body

d) from the digestive system Absorption: It is the passage into the blood. of nutrients

9.- Label each picture with the appropriate stage of the digestive process:

________________ _________________ __________________ ____________________ 10.- Write the words: “ingestion”, “digestion”, “absorption” or “egestion” in its correct place.

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossD.html

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossD.html




WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE TUBE?The digestive tube is a tube which begins in the mouth and ends in the anus.

Organs of the digestive tube: in general, the digestive tube is similar in all superior animals

Compare the organs in a human and in a rabbit.

1.- Translate these words:Human: Digestive tube:

Rabbit: Digestive system:

Liver: Tongue: Mouth:

Pharynx: Rectum: Anus:Stomach: Gallbladder Large intestine:

Esophagus: Pancreas: Small intestine:

2.- Draw the digestive system (use colours):

3.- What are the differences between a human and a rabbit digestive system:



4.- What are the similarities between a human and a rabbit digestive system:

5.- What is the order of organs in the digestive system:

6.- Look at the picture and answer. What are the differences between the small and large intestine?

7.- Label this

picture:

8.- Label the parts of digestive system:

9.- Draw the following organs of human digestive system: Stomach: Pancreas: Liver: Gallbladder



10.- In which part of human digestive system occurs:“ingestion”: “digestion”: “absorption”: “egestion”?: NAME:_________________________________________ DATE:__________ 2º ESO___ (Bilingual)

HOW DO ANIMALS BREATHE?Animals breathe by inhaling oxygen from the outside, and then exhaling carbon dioxide. There are

four types of respiration in animals:

• Cutaneous respiration: Gas exchange takes place through the skin, which is very thin and moist.

• Tracheal respiration: Gas exchange takes place through internal tubes or tracheaes.• Branchial respiration: Gas exchange takes place through the gills.

• Pulmonary respiration: Gas exchange takes place in the lungs.1.- Copy this information:

_____________ respiration: Gas exchange takes place in the __________ .

4.- What is the difference between “Tracheal” and Tracheae?:

6.- Match the two columns with arrows Cutaneous respiration lungs

Tracheal respiration skin

Branchial respiration tracheae Pulmonary respiration gills

7.- Can an animal breathe at the same time though:

2.- Translate these words:Cutaneous: Tracheal: Tracheae:

Branchial: Pulmonary: Oxygen:Skin: Gills: Lungs:

3.- Complete:Animals __________ by inhaling ___________ from the ___________, and then exhaling ____________.

There are ______ types of _____________ in animals:

_____________ respiration: Gas exchange takes place through the _____ . _____________ respiration: Gas exchange takes place through the ____________ . _____________ respiration: Gas exchange takes place through the _________ .



a) Cutaneous respiration and pulmonary respiration?:

b) Cutaneous respiration and branchial respiration?:

c) Pulmonary respiration and branchial respiration?:

d) Tracheal respiration and pulmonary respiration?:

8.- Write bellow of each draw the type or respiration

9.- Look at the human

respiratory system and

write each word in

Spanish together with its respective word in English.

Alvéolos, faringe, epiglotis, laringe, bronquiolos terminales, tráquea, cavidad oral, cartílago, cavidad

nasal, bronquio derecho, pulmón izquierdo, fisura oblicua, pulmón derecho, diafragma.

10.- a) What do you think is the

type of respiration that mostanimals use?: b) What do you think is the type of respiration that the biggest animals use?: c) What do you think is the type of respiration that whales use?: d) What do you think is the type of respiration that sharks use?: e) What do you think is the type of respiration that frogs use?:

f) What do you think is the type of respiration that flies use?:



NAME:_________________________________________ DATE:__________ 2º ESO___ (Bilingual) WHAT IS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

The circulatory system consists of:

• Blood: It is an internal circulatory fluid. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients through out the body

and carries waste products away.• Blood vessels: They are ducts which carry blood. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and

through out the body and veins carry blood from the body back to the heart.

• Heart: It is an organ like a pump which helps blood to circulate through the blood vessels and

through out entire body.

FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: It has two basic functions:

• It carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells.

• It removes carbon dioxide and waste products discarded by the metabolism.

TYPES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS: There are two types of circulatory systems:

• Open circulatory system: the circulating fluid is pumped by the heart, from there, the blood

flows through the body cavity, directly to the internal organs.

• Closed circulatory system: The blood always circulates inside blood vessels pumped by theheart. The vessels deliver blood to body cells and return it to the heart. There are two types of

closed circulatory systems:

-Simple: the blood passes through the heart once, completing one loop.

-Double: The blood passes through the heart twice, completing two loops.

1.- Copy the types of circulatory systems:

2.- Translate these words:

Blood: Blood vessels: ArteriesVeins: Open circulatory system: Heart:

Once: Closed circulatory system: Loop:

3.- Label the pictures:



4.- a) Label the pictures correctly with: “Open circulatory system” or “Closed circulatory system”

____________________________________ __________________________________ b) Explain your answer:

5.- What are the functions of the circulatory system?:

6.- What are the three important parts of the circulatory system?

7.- What is the blood?:

8.- What are the differences between arteries and veins?:

9.- What are the differences between the “open circulatory system” and the “closed circulatorysystem”?:

10.- What are the differences between the “simple closed circulatory system” and the “double closedcirculatory system”?:



NAME:_________________________________________ DATE:__________ 2º ESO___ (Bilingual) WHAT IS EXCRETION?

It is the process of collecting waste products and expelling them outside the body.

Carbon dioxide is expelled by the circulatory and respiratory system, but others substances are

eliminated by the excretory system.

The excretory system consists of various organs:• Kidneys filter the blood and produce urine.

• Ureters are thin tubes through which the urine leaves the kidneys.

• The bladder is the place where the urine is stored.

• Urethra: The urine is expelled from the body through the urethra.


2.- Translate these words:Circulatory system: Kidneys: Urethra:

Respiratory system: Ureters: Urine:

Excretory system: Bladder: body:

3.- Write the name of each organ in excretorysystem.

4.- Complete:The human excretory system is comprised of: -

____________ produces urine. -

____________ tubes from kidney to bladder. - -

____________ urine storage organ.

- ____________ organ from bladder to exterior.

5.- Correct the mistakes:

The bladder is the place where the blood is stored.

Ureters are thin tubes through which the blood leaves bladder.

Urethra: The urine is expelled from the body through the ureters.



Kidneys filter the urine and produce blood.

6.- Draw the human excretory system in the body figure:

7.- Match the two columns with arrows

Kidneys place where the urine is stored.Ureters filter the blood.Bladder tubes through which the urine leaves the kidneys.Urethra urine is expelled from the body to exterior.

8.- Write “T” for true or “F” for false.a) Kidney filter the blood.

b) Kidney produces urine.c) Ureters store the urine.d) Ureters are between kidneys and bladder.

e) In bladder is stored the urine.f) Bladder is between kidneys and urethra.g) Urethra is between bladder and exterior.

h) Excretory system is similar in men and women.

9.- Write the organ names of excretory system in the dog figure (paint with colour the figure):

10.- Write the organ names of excretory system in the zebra:


HOW DO PLANTS CARRY OUT NUTRITION?



Plants are autotrophs. They produce organic matter from inorganic matter, such carbon dioxide,

water and mineral salts. Plant nutrition involves five processes:

• Absorption: water and mineral salts are absorbed by the roots. These inorganic nutrients are

called raw sap.

• Transport of raw sap: The raw sap travels up the stem to the leaves through the xylem vessels.

• Gas exchange: It takes place in the leaves. Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the

stomata. Oxygen and water evaporates through the stomata too, in the leaves of the plant. Water

evaporation is called transpiration.• Photosynthesis: It takes place in the chloroplast where chlorophyll is found. Chlorophyll

absorbs sunlight to produce energy. Raw sap and carbon dioxide transform into elaborated sap.


2.- Translate these words:Raw sap: Autotrophs: Mineral salts:

Sunlight: Chlorophyll: Inorganic nutrient:

Transpiration: Chloroplast: Xylem vessels:

Stomata: Elaborated sap: Carbon dioxide:

3.- Complete the coloured rectangles with these words: sunlight, water and mineral salts, carbondioxide, chlorophyll.

4.- Complete the diagram:Photosynthesis



5.- Correct the mistakes:

a) Plants are heterotrophy. They produce organic matter from inorganic matter.

b) Water and mineral salts are absorbed by the leaf.

c) The elaborated sap travels up the stem to the leaves through the xylem vessels.

d) Sunlight enters the plant through the stomata.

6.- Complete:a) Transport of _______________: The raw sap travels up the ________ to the ________ through the

__________________ .

b) ____________: water and ______________ are absorbed by the ______. These inorganic nutrients are

called ____________ .

c) ____________________: It takes place in the _________. __________________ enters the plant

through the ____________ .

7.- Match the two columns with arrows

Transport of raw sap stomata Absorption chlorophyll

Gas exchange xylem vessels

Photosynthesis raw sap

8.- What is the difference between chloroplast and chlorophyll?

9.- Complete with vowels:W__ t__r __nd m__n__r__l s__lts __r__ __bs__rb__d by th__ r__ __ts. Th__s__

__n__rg__n__c n__tr__ __nts __r__ c__ll__d r__w s__p.

10.- Put in the correct order these statements:

a) mineral salts Water the roots. and are absorbed by

b) takes place in the leaves. Gas exchange

c) evaporation Water is transpiration. called

d) the stomata. through Carbon dioxide the plant enters

Unit 2 Science -Nutrition

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