Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 USM, Pulau Pinang

Pusat Pengajian Sains FizikSchool of Physics

DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CELL BASED CARBON NANOTUBES

NAME : NURUL IZATUL BINTI KAMARUNCOURSE : APPLIED SCIENCE (PHYSICS)PROJECT : PROF.DR.KAMARULAZIZI IBRAHIMSUPERVISOR EXAMINER : DR.NG SHA SHIONGYEAR : 2015

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Fe70 %

C30 %

Al crucible Microwave 800 w

0.5 ml DMF solutionSonication process

30 minutes

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes

METHODOLOGY

Bench-top Ring Mill MechineZirconia container

2 hours

RCA cleaning

Solution 1 ( 75°C for 10 minutes )Solution 2 ( 15 – 20 seconds )Solution 3 ( 75°C for 10 minutes )

Annealing ProcessGray Furnace Chamber

gas400 °C 2 hours

Materialization Thermal Evaporator machine

Al contact7.5 x

Spin coating 1500 rpm 20 seconds

150 °C

Plasma treatment15 minutes

80 w

Development of Solar Cell

Annealing Process

Schottky Barrier graph Structure of the devices

DISCUSSION

Carbon Nanotubes

Raman Spectroscopy

Inner tube ( Fe ) : 270400 = 248. nm / ( MWCNT ) 392 = 248. nm /

=0.63 nm

Ferrocene

0.6602

ZETA potential machineDiameter Fe grind for 2 hours

Image of Fe on FESEM

CNTs

Raman Spectroscopy

outer tube : 150< 300 = 248. nm / ( MWCNT )

289 = 248. nm / = 0.86 nm

Notation Frequency ( )

Symmetry Type of Mode

( inner tube, Fe ) 392 A In phase radial displacment ( outer tube, CNTs) 289 A In phase radial displacmentG band 1582 A,, Graphite related optical mode band 2663 - Overtone of D band, high dispersive

D band 1334 - Defect induce, dispersive

Image CNTs on FESEM ( Fe grind 80 minutes )

Raman Spectroscopy data

FF / = /

FF = /

I-V measurement graph on Solar Cell Simulator System

Solar Cell

Performance Parameters

Measurement

(A) 0.00000148 (V) 0.22364

(Ω) 85137.5(Ω) 183411Fill Factor 0.386919

Power Parameters

Measurement

(A) 0.000000913 (V) 0.14Efficiency,η(%) 0.000128

I-V measurement data

CONCLUSION

Diameter

Ferrocene

Raman Spectroscopy = 0.63 nmZETA Potential Machine = 0.66 nm

Carbon Nanotubes

Raman Spectroscopy = 0.86 nm

• The diameter of Ferrocene should be less than 1 nm, thus the diameter of CNTs will be less than 10 nm.

• TEM and AFM measurement can be use to characterize the sizing of Ferrocene.• The more longer sonication process is done it will improve the growth of CNTs.

CONCLUSION

Efficiency

η ( efficiency solar cell ) = 0.000128%

• The voltage range : 0 V – 0.7 V• The Fill Factor value : 0.4 – 0.85• The best Fill Factor value is 70% to 85 %, cannot be 100% due to PN junction properties.• The value of and depend on input power.• The efficiency increases when the fill factor is increase.

THE END