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Informe de avance en la construcción de una base bibliográfica relacionada con la biodiversidad en el corredor marítimo del Pacifico (CMAR)

Díaz Rios, V.1

1. Bióloga Ambiental. Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano e-mail: [email protected]

Introducción

Con el fin de realizar un inventario del conocimiento existente sobre la biodiversidad acuática en el Pacífico este central, se realizaron búsquedas en línea de las áreas del núcleo y de grupos taxonimicos mayores presentes en éstas. Teniendo en mente generar una base de datos que sea actualizable a medida que se avance en el conocimiento o en la búsqueda de referencias bibliográficas, se creó una base de datos con la aplicación “EndNote”, que cuenta hasta la fecha con 664 referencias registradas.

Métodos

Se recolectaron registros bibliográficos disponibles en Google Scholar relacionados con la biodiversidad acuática marina en las áreas núcleo del CMAR. La búsqueda de información se hizo de la siguiente manera: se definieron cinco categorías de búsqueda (“condrictios” (peces cartilaginosos), “osteíctios” (peces óseos), “invertebrados marinos”, “mamíferos marinos” y “reptiles marinos”), para estas, se buscó la literatura disponible en cada área núcleo. También se crearon las categorías “ecosistemas” y “estudios”, donde se almacenaron los datos bibliográficos de las publicaciones relacionadas con climatología, oceanografía y dinámica ecosistémica (como en el caso de los arrecifes coralinos). Con el fin de generar una base de datos más completa, se absorbieron las bibliografías generadas por pasantías anteriores del CMAR. Posterior a la recolección bibliográfica, los datos fueron unificados en una base de “EndNote”.

Para aumentar la facilidad de navegación a través de la base de datos, cada referencia fue etiquetada con palabras claves relevantes, entre ellas:

área núcleo: Coiba, Isla del Coco, Malpelo, Gorgona y Galápagos taxonomía: Condrictios, Osteictios, Mamíferos, Invertebrados, Reptiles,

Ecosistemas, Estudios, y taxa más específicos (e.g. elasmobranchii, decapoda, echinodermata).

Según el tipo de información que ofrece la publicación: Biology, Diversity, Ecology, Community, Population, Climate, Oceanography, Fisheries, Invasive species.

Resultados

A la fecha se tiene un total de 664 referencias bibliográficas únicas, resultantes de la revisión de las citas disponibles en “Google Scholar” para las áreas núcleo. El avance en la revisión bibliogáfica es el siguiente: Isla del Coco (100% completo), Coiba (100% completo), Malpelo (100% completo), Galápagos (100% completo) y Gorgona (50% completo). La información recolectada se encuentra distribuida en las categorías de búsqueda de la siguiente manera (Tabla 1):

Tabla 1. Registros bibliográficos en las categorías de búsqueda (fecha de actualización: Nov 2016).

Grupo Número de referenciasCondrictios 80Ecosistemas 30

Estudios 102Invertebrados 231

Mamíferos 65Osteíctios 144Reptiles 38

Bibliografía No 1. CMAR 21TOTAL DE REFERENCIAS

UNICAS664

Es importante resaltar que, si se totaliza el número de referencias en cada categoría, se obtendría un número de citas mucho mayor al que se reportó previamente. Esto se debe a que un solo artículo puede estar en más de una de las categorías planteadas. Por ejemplo, un estudio relacionado con la comunidad de peces de un arrecife de coral puede ser clasificado en las categorías osteíctios y ecosistemas.

Las categorías de búsqueda que mayor número de registros bibliográficos han aportado a la base de datos son Invertebrados y Osteíctios. La abundancia de referencias concernientes al primer grupo se puede explicar, porque “Invertebrados” es una categoría de búsqueda muy gruesa, que agrupa varios grupos taxonómicos tales como: Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, Nematoda y Platyhelminthes, entre otros. El gran número de referencias bibliográficas agrupadas en osteíctios se explica porque hay gran cantidad de publicaciones relacionadas con pesquerías y reportes taxonómicos de las áreas de interés.

Se estima que se está accediendo a un tercio de la bibliografía disponible, pues no se incorpora dentro de la base bibliográfica piezas de bibliografía gris (tales como tesis, reportes técnicos y artículos sin publicar), los cuales pueden representar el

grueso de los reportes y estudios de las especies presentes en el marco del corredor. También se resalta que no se incluyeron aves marinas en la revisión de literatura.

Recomendaciones

Con el fin de tener una recopilación completa de la presencia de especies en estas áreas, se recomienda revisar otros portales de información especializados como:

SIB (a nivel Colombia) Fishbase WoRMS

Además, se recomienda completar la revison de la literatura para Gorgona (50% por completar) y expandir las categorías taxonómicas para incluir “aves marinas”.

También se recomienda revisar la literatura gris de las universidades del país (especialmente de la Universidad del Valle). Una vez establecida la línea base, se recomienda revisar portales de conservación como la UICN con el fin de priorizar las especies y acciones a tomar en el futuro.

Referencias (agrupadas por categoría)

Bibliografia 1 CMAR

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ARAP. 2014. Guía para la identificación de mamíferos y reptiles marinos de Panamá. Autoridad de los Recursos Acuáticos de Panamá (ARAP), Ciudad de Panamá.

Barragan-Paladines, M. 2003. Desplazamientos de las ballenas jorobadas (Megaptera novaeangliae, Borowski, 1781) (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae) entre zonas de reproducción en el Ecuador. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.

Cadena-López, G., and L. G. Naranjo. 2010. Distribución, abundancia y reproducción de las aves marinas residentes en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Colombia. Boletín SAO 20:10.

Conservancy, T. N. 2008. Evaluación de ecorregiones marinas en Mesoamérica. Sitios prioritarios para la conservación en las ecorregiones Bahía de Panamá, Isla del Coco y Nicoya del Pacífico Tropical Oriental, y en el Caribe de Costa Rica y Panamá. The Nature Conservancy, San José, Costa Rica.

CPPS, and PNUMA. 2012. Atlas sobre distribución, rutas migratorias, hábitats críticos y amenazas para grandes cetáceos en el Pacífico Oriental. Comisión permanente del Pacífico sur-CPPS, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Estela, F., M. López-Victoria, L. Castillo, and L. Naranjo. 2010. Estado del conocimiento sobre aves marinas en Colombia, después de 110 años de investigación. Boletín SAO 20:19.

Franke, R. 1992. Frecuencia y abundancia de 17 especies de tiburones en el Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona (Pacífico colombiano). Pages 682-696 Mem. VII Sem. Nal. de Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Invemar Santa Marta.

Franke, R., and A. Acero. 1991. Registros nuevos y comentarios adicionales sobre peces cartilaginosos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Pacífico colombiano) I Tiburones.

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Jiménez, P., S. Torres, J. Alava, and J. Samaniego. 2010-2011. Inventario, abundancia y distribución espacial de mamíferos marinos y aves en las Islas Galápagos durante el Crucero Oceanográfico (BAE ORIÓN) en abril 2009: Implicaciones para conservación. Acta Oceanográfica del Pacífico 16:20.

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Valencia, B. 2006. Presencia y comportamiento del Delfín Moteado pantropical (Stenella attenuata) en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Pacífico colombiano. XII Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencias del Mar. Universidad del Valle, Centro de Convenciones Florianopolis.

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Venail, R. 2002. Acercamiento a la estructura y composición de la comunidad íctica arrecifal de la Isla de Malpelo, utilizando el censo visual rápido (RVC) en el mes de marzo de 2002. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C.

Condrictios

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Acuña-Marrero, D., J. S. Zimmerhackel, J. Mayorga, and A. Hearn. 2013. First record of three shark species, Odontaspis ferox, Mustelus albipinnis and Centrophorus squamosus, from the Galápagos Islands. Marine Biodiversity Records 6:87.

Almeida Saá, A. C. 2015. Demografía del tiburón tollo Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839) y del tiburón zorro Alopias spp. en aguas de Galapagos, Ecuador. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito.

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Bessudo, S., G. A. Soler, P. A. Klimley, J. Ketchum, R. Arauz, A. Hearn, A. Guzmán, and B. Calmettes. 2011b. Vertical and horizontal movements of the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) around Malpelo and Cocos Islands (Tropical Eastern Pacific) using satellite telemetry. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR 40:91-106.

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