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Rear Admiral Grace Hopper
The Second Most Celebrated Female in theHistory of Computing
Presented by Michael CarruthersCIS-110
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R. Adm. Grace Hopper - Legacy
Formal Education in Mathematics -
_BA Vassar College; MA, PhD., Yale_University
Served in the U.S. Navy for __ years
Helped in Development of Mark
_Series of Computers
Subsequent Work on UNIVAC
_Computers
Developed the Compiler
Developed the Computer Language_COBOL
Standards in Computing
Teaching Legacy
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MARK Series
Aka Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
Gears, Counters, Mechanical Switches and Relays, Control Circuits,
Rudimentary Vacuum Tube Technology, Punched Paper Tape; 55x 8
Designed for Ordinance Ballistics Calculations; Used by USN in WW2
Part of the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project (also IBM-Harvard)
Located at Harvards Cruft Laboratories
After USNR Midshipmans School, Dr. Hopper Entered the USN in 1943 and
Began Work on Project in 1944 under Dr. Howard Aiken
Dr. Hoppers First Assignment -- Calculate Sinusoidal Coefficients of a
Triangle
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UNIVAC Series
J. Presper Eckert, CBS's Walter Cronkitebehind console of the UNIVAC, election night,
1952.
Eckert-Mauchly Corporation
UNIVAC -- Universal Automatic Computer; Evolved
from ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator andCalculator used in WW2 by US Army Ordinance)
First Large-Scale Electronic Digital Computer --
Used Vacuum Tubes and Magnetic Tape Input
Dr. Hopper Developed First Compiler --
The A-O
Dr. Hopper Developed FLOW-MATIC (B-O) =>
First Versions of COBOL
Mathematical Symbols => Machine Code; Call
Numbers References for the Calling of Routines
Routines = Blocks of Code in Libraries Shared by
Programmers
Used by CBS to Predict the Results of the 1952
Eisenhower-Stevenson Presidential Race (but results
were not used)
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COBOL
COmmon Business Oriented Language
CODASYL (Eckert-Mauchly COBOL Executive Committee)
Developed in the 1959 from Dr. Hoppers FLOW-MATIC Set of
_Routines for UNIVAC
Purpose -- Because Dr. Hopper Said She was lazy
Easy-to-Understand English-like Instruction Set
Still in Use Today
Standardized by the U.S. Military (Leadership of Dr. Hopper)Not Designed at the Start to Perform Low-Level System
_Operations or Routines
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Amazing Grace - Teaching Legacy
Weve Always Done It That Way -_NOT
Calculating Cost of Misinformation
1 Nanosecond = ~ 11.38 Foot Cable;
_1_Microsecond = ~ Thousand Feet Cable
Orphan Children
We Manage Things; We LeadPeople
Converted the Navy to the Computer Age
__(All Hands, Sept. 1982)
Widely Lectured after Retirement from_USN
Always Wore USN Uniform
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President Ronald Reagan Promotion Ceremony
Promotional Ceremony of Dr. Grace Hopper to Rank of Commodore_
_in White House Dec. 1983
Two Years Later Commodore is Eliminated and Merged with Rear
_Admiral
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USS Grace Murray Hopper
DDG-70*
*Although Dr. Hopper has had a U.S. Navy destroyer named afterher, she has never had a computer language named after her.
(Commissioned 1997)
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XE6 Hopper modular system
- 153,308 Opteron processor cores
- Suse Linux operating system
- External Lustre File System (storage)
NERSC Hopper CRAY XE6
Supercomputer
External Lustre File System
- 2PB disk space
- Dual channel max 50GB/sec (25
_GB-sec/channel peak I/O
- Phase I implementation
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National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(NERSC)
Located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories on the grounds of the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley
Operated by the LBNL and owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)
Named after Dr. Lawrence, a physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project
Provides computer support for computation-intensive unclassified research projects
www.NERSC.gov Home Page
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1906 - 1992
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References:
1] http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hopper.html
2] http://www.women-inventors.com/Dr-Grace-Murray-Hopper.asp
3] http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html
4] http://gracehopper.org/2013/about/about-grace-hopper/
5] http://www.hopper.navy.mil/
6] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271591/Grace-Murray-Hopper
7] http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htm
8] http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_Grace_Hopper.htm
9] Grace Hopper--A Living Legend. All Hands, Sept. 1982 (pages in jpeg format from
__http://gracehopper.org/)
10] Remembering Grace Murray Hopper--A Legend in Her Own Time. Chips, April 1992
__(pages in jpeg format from http://gracehopper.org/)
11] Computer Pioneer Hopper dies at 85. Navy Times, Jan. 1992 (pages in jpeg format from
___http://gracehopper.org/)
12] http://www.nersc.gov
13] http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html
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Image Credits:
1] ALL HANDS Magazine, Sept. 1982
2] http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htm
3] http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/09/univac-the-troubled-life-of-americas-first-computer/
4] CHIPS Magazine, April 1992
5] All Hands Magazine, Sept. 1982
6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Hopper_%28DDG-70%29
7] Ibid.
8] http://s.libertaddigital.com/fotos/galerias/superordenadores-junio-2011/8-
hopper.jpg
9] http://www.nersc.gov/assets/ImageGallery/Computational-
Systems/HopperStorage.jpg
10] http:/www.nersc.gov
11] http://gracehopper.org/2009/assets/GraceHopper16.jpg
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