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Management of Citrus OrchardsChina: The Past 50 YearsYulu Xia
North Carolina State University
Ron Sequeira
Veracruz, Mexico ugus ,
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Content
Introduction of citrus production, HLB and
A Brief on our method development andsurvey programs in China
,management of the newly planted groves
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Introduction of citrus production, HLB
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, ,
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Citrus Production in China: diverse environment and practices
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Citrus Production in China: good
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Citrus Production in China: bad with HLB infestation
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China HLB Belt
?
reported 1919
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Guangdong Province in 1919. But itwas poss y n ere s nce a e1800s
The disease is still #1 factor limiting
c rus pro uc on n uang ong,Guan xi and Fu ian
In spite of the long present, HLB hasnot spread to all areas where the
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A Brief on Our Method Developmentan urvey rograms n na
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Collaborators: South China Agri. Univ. (SCAU) Fujian Academy of Agri. Sci (FAAS) uangx rus esearc ns . Guangdong Entomological Insti. (GEI) , .
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Survey SCAU, FAAS, GCRI The epidemiological significance of Murraya paniculata and
Murraya spp. - FAAS
Microbials and Plant Immune Activation - FAAS Dynamics of Reset Plants Migration patterns of ACP - SCAU
Oils and Soaps for Field Management - GEI Best Practices for ACP/HLB Management GEI & Additional Insect Vectors and Host plants - SCAU
Chinese literature review and inventory GEI ACP insecticide resistance and resistance management
(GCRI)
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anagemen n na, nc u ngmana ement of the newl lantedgroves
e w start w t t e pr nc p es, messages,lessons learned, etc Then some examples
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Chinese have been dealin with thedisease for over 80 years.
are o success an a ure
HLB infested plants taken in 1930 in chaoshan
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1. HLB is a ver tou h disease due to thenatures such as:.
b. No effective agent against the diseasec. Infection by the vector and other means,
,2. HLB is cancer only to individual plant. To a
grove/region, HLB is a manageable
disease assumin ou follow the booknot mess around
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a. Removing the infested plants ASAPb. Control of ACP
-.
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What is the mess around?
b. Not effective control of ACP
c. Dont use pathogen-free seedlings
Chinese experience showed that addingnutr t on as no ong term ene t. t s adangerous practice by leaving inoculum
source
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plants under peak production
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plantations in China was destroyed, dueto slow in removing the infested plants
see the color
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This view became widespread by the late,
sponsored Mass Area-wide of HLB,
increasing fertilization, cutting the heavily,
decayed roots, across the huge HLB,
especially in Fujian and Guangdong, . ,
the program failed. HLB became even.
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A four-year old groves with 100% infested HLBl n . B i l k in h rin wi h
fertilization and irrigation
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You cant follow the book in one year,
disease/ACP in the area Skip even just one season can cost youa lot.
This is particularly true for the small
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anagemen n na, nc u ng
mana ement of the newl lantedgroves
e w start w t t e pr nc p es, messages,lessons learned, etc Then some examples
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Guangdong Province
Where HLB was first reportedStill the most severe region
aos an, rs
reported HLB
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Guangdong Province
Yangcun Citrus Plantation (YCP),
research institute (figure below), hospital,, ,
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OccurrenceHistory of HLB in YCP 1953 - 2010
HLB Rate80%
1st Generation Citrus 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen.
1953 - 1973 19821975
1995 2010
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YCP 1 st Generation PlantsHLB Rate
80%
The year of reduced insecti. use and OCs ban
ACP o .Urate was below 0.01%
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2nd Generation PlantsHLB Rate
80%
ar ng am y- ase c rusproduction system
1986 and 1987 were the
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3 rd Generation Plants
HLB Rate80%
1995
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G i i
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Guangxi Province
Among the top three HLB devastatingareas
But HLB is under control b followin thebook
Guangxi
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Massive grass-root efforts in control of HLB (Credit: Bai XJ)
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5.98
7
5
6
3.94
1.82.16
2
0
1
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Province-wide HLB incidence rate in Guan xi
2005-2009
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HLB Rate (%)
23,45%
15%
8%10%
1% 1%0 44%
5%
, , ,0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
HLB Occurrence in Li Xing Citrus Plantation, Guangxi Prov. credit: Bai XJ
ear: =
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Key Points
manageable disease. The three-pronged approach has to be
followed.
Management of HLB is more of an issue of, .
No resistance scion and/or rootstock wasobserved.
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Mineral/agri//horticultural oils are effective
aga ns y o nsec c e ac v y,
possibly repellency. Insecticide resistance has been observed
immidacloprid. ACP shows migration long distance
followin the wind. Flushing control shows good outcome, but
inappropriately.
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ACP can come and go pretty quickly
Come: reproduction can be fast if the
environment is suitable Go: natural factors can cause over 90%
mortality. In the new area, natural enemy
plays less role at the beginning, but will catchup
Monitoring population is a key when ACP
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rac as
43- ear mandarin tree(Lu mandarin, C. reticulata)
A more than 200 year-old of Citrus sunki grows well in Guangxi, in spiteHLB area of Fujian prov.of the fact that the province is one of the most serious HLB occurrence area in the world
(credit: BAI XJ)
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