In[19]:= Plot@8Abs@Sinc@p fDD, Abs@Sinc@p fDêH2 H1 - f^2LLD<,8f, 0, 4<, AxesLabel Ø 8f, "Magnitude of FT"<D
Out[19]=
1 2 3 4f
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Magnitude of FT
In[17]:=
Plot@820*Log@10, Abs@Sinc@p fDDD, 20*Log@10, Abs@Sinc@p fDêH2 H1 - f^2LLDD<,8f, 0, 10<, AxesLabel Ø 8f, "Magnitude of FT HdBL"<D
Out[17]=
2 4 6 8 10f
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
Magnitude of FT HdBL
In[20]:= Plot@Abs@1êH2 H1 - f^2LLD, 8f, 0, 4<, AxesLabel Ø 8f, "Ratio"<D
Out[20]=
1 2 3 4f
0.5
1.0
1.5
Ratio
In[19]:= Plot@8Abs@Sinc@p fDD, Abs@Sinc@p fDêH2 H1 - f^2LLD<,8f, 0, 4<, AxesLabel Ø 8f, "Magnitude of FT"<D
Out[19]=
1 2 3 4f
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Magnitude of FT
In[17]:=
Plot@820*Log@10, Abs@Sinc@p fDDD, 20*Log@10, Abs@Sinc@p fDêH2 H1 - f^2LLDD<,8f, 0, 10<, AxesLabel Ø 8f, "Magnitude of FT HdBL"<D
Out[17]=
2 4 6 8 10f
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
Magnitude of FT HdBL
In[20]:= Plot@Abs@1êH2 H1 - f^2LLD, 8f, 0, 4<, AxesLabel Ø 8f, "Ratio"<D
Out[20]=
1 2 3 4f
0.5
1.0
1.5
Ratio
F!1f,t
!A
!
!/2(f − f0)2 + (!/2)2
"= A e!i(2!f0t)!!!|t|
L(f) =A
!
!/2(f ! f0)2 + (!/2)2
Lorentzian:
! (FWHM)
87Rb D2 (52S1/2 ! 52P3/2)
! = 780.2412 nm
f0 = 384.230484 THz
! = 26.24 ns
0) Accomplishments in Phys 331
1) Course Evaluation
2) PID-Temperature Controller
3) Phys 332 - Plan
• Complex impedance - advanced use of concept• Sophisticated understanding of transistor operation• Ability to analyze and construct complicated transistor circuits• Advanced understanding of operational amplifiers• Design sophisticated analog filters • Basic digital electronics (switches, flip flops, ...)
Accomplishments in Physics 331
Analog and Digital
Electronics
Scientific Paper Writing
• Format of tables, figures, captions, ... • Nature of introduction, conclusion• Structure of report
LabVIEW• Solid understanding of the programming language • Experience with DAQ boards• Construction of the digital thermometer
Building a functioning device used in research: PID controller
Final Project
PID-Temperature Controller
proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely
used in industrial control systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller
Software
GND
TIP120
TIP125
470!
!8V +8V
Vin
µ1 F
µ1 F
TE Device
Decouples Voltage Divider
Voltage divider sets
VE
OpAmp:
Sets base voltage such that emitter voltage is constant
Unity Gain FollowerB
E
C
RLoad
Thermistor
2N2907+
!411
+
!411
R3
V = +15 VCC
GND
Vout
R1
R2
VEVoltage
prebuilt
PN2907
Analog Hardware
PS280 Power supply
Sat
in
e=T !T 0
COOL HEAT
!V
+VSat
V
Saturation Condition
Read and find average thermistor voltage Vthermistor
Calculate thermistor resistance Rthermistor
Calculate temperature Tn via Steinhart-Hart Equation(A=? B=? D(or C)=?)
Thermistor SubVI
Calculate error :
Calculate PID Control Voltage:
VPID = Kp En + Ki !tn!
m=0
Em + Kd1
!t(En ! En!1)
PID VI
En = Tset ! Tn
iteration n
Write VPID
Software
Implement Saturation condition
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALVo4aJpcF0
Effects of increasing parameters
Parameter Rise Time Overshoot Settling Time S.S. Error
Kp Decrease Increase Small Change Decrease
Ki Decrease Increase Increase Eliminate
Kd Small Decrease Decrease Decrease None
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controllerPID - parameter tuning
P and PID
Phys 332
Outlook
A) Finish up LabVIEW - GPIBB) 3 Experiments (2 Guided, 1 Independent)C) Presentation
J-Lab InstrumentationFUNCTION COMPONENT TYPE
INSTRUMENT
PRODUCE LIGHT
Visible/IR MonochromatorPulsed and Continuous Diode LaserPulsed Nitrogen LaserHelium-Neon LaserArgon Ion Laser
DETECT LIGHT
High Resolution SpectrometerPhoton Counting DetectorPhotodiode DetectorScintillation DetectorsFabry-Perot EtalonTelescope with CCD DetectorRadio Receiver
CONTROL TEMPERATURE
Closed Cycle Helium RefrigeratorPID Temperature Controller
APPLY EXTERNAL FIELDS
Voltage SourcesNMR Magnet
MEASURE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
Lock-In AmplifierDigitizing OscilloscopesFast-Timing Electronics
Telecommunication laser, detector, modulators + Fast Oscilloscope L. IllingChemistry NMR Spectrometer
J. Powell FTIR Spectrometer
PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS
• Doppler-Free Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy (Laser Diodes)
• Chaos in an Optoelectronic Feedback System (Fiber Optics, RF Electronics)
• Isotope Shift of Balmer Series in Hydrogen (Spectrometer)
• Mass and Velocity of Cosmic Ray Muon (Fast-Timing Electronics)
• Fabrication of Fullerenes (Materials Fabrication)
• Optical Bandgap of Semiconductor (Monochromator)
GUIDED EXPERIMENTS (last year):
PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS
Temp. Dependence of Diodes Saturation CurrentZeeman Effect
High-Temperature SuperconductorMinority Carrier Lifetime In Silicon
HologramsModes and Coherence Length of LaserChaotic Electric Circuit/ Chaos Control
SonoluminescenceLeidenfrost Effect
Imaging Moons of JupiterOptical Tweezers
Advanced Electronics: Phase-locked loops (PLL)Single Photon Generation
INDEPENDENT PROJECTS (Excerpt - past years):
PRESENTATION TOPICS
Lock-In Amplifiers
Vibrational Isolation
Diode Laser
Ion Laser
fs-pulsed Ti:Sapph Laser
Roughing Pump
Turbo Pumps
Ion Pumps
Magneto-Optic Traps
Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
Avalanche Photodiodes
Photomultipliers
CCD Arrays
Fast Fourier Transform
NMR Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Time Resolved Spectroscopy
Scanning Electron Microscope
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Atomic Force Microscope
Two Photon Excitation Microscope
Have a wonderful winter break
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