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Bibhuti Bhushan Bhardwaj
(CIB-09-016)
&
Azaz Ahmed
(CIB-09-015)
Presented By-
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Introduction
Shelter
Economical
Orthodox designs
Functionality
Adaptability
Economical
Aesthetic
Safety FirstGreen building
Multipurpose
OLD CONCEPT
MODERN CONCEPT
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Modern building
materials
Modern innovative
technologies
Smart materials
Polymers
Earthquake-pr oof ing
Fire-pr oof ing
Exoskeleton
Ensu
res Structures that are
Fully f unctional
Aesthetically beautif ulResistant to natural & accidental calamities
Envir onment f riendly
Capable of soaring towards the sky
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Smart Materials Also known as
Intelligent materials
Active materials
Adaptive materials
Capable of responding
to changes in the
environment in a useful
and repetitive manner.
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
Magnetostrictive Materials
Electro Rheological Fluids
Piezoelectric Materials
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Concrete (CFRC)
Smart Concrete
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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
Composed of alloys of Ni ± Ti or C u ± A l ± Z n
Undergo large strains at the end of the
deformation pr ocess
Great potential to enhance civil engineering
structures
Pre-existing and new applications in the f ields
of damping, active vibration contr ol and pre-stressing or post-tensioning of structures
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Magnetostrictive Materials
Capable of changing its shape/ physical dimensions when it is subjected
to a magnetic f ield.
Electro Rheological Fluids
Suspension of extremely f ine non conducting particles
The apparent viscosity of these f luids changes reversibly by an order of
up to 100,000 in response to an electric f ield
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P iezoelectric Materials
Pr oduce a voltage in response to an
applied force.
A change in dimensions can be
induced by the application of a voltage
to it.
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C arbon Fibre Reinforced C oncrete ( C FR C )
Conducts electricity
Capacity to change its conductivity with mechanical stress
Durability superior to metals and plastics.
Smart C oncrete
Developed Dr. Deborah, D.L. Chung f r om State University of New York
Reinforced by carbon f ibre
High sense ability to strain or stress
Adding short carbon f ibre into concrete, the electrical resistance of
concrete can be increased.
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Synthetic polystyrene or polyurethane foam
+
used in combination with structural materialsused in combination with structural materials
Light weight
Easily shaped
Excellent insulator.
Used as part of a structural
insulated panel
Foam
Wood/Cement
Foam
Wood/Cement
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Some Modern Technologies:
Sound- P roofing
Vinyl can be used to stop the transf er of noise.
Lead Lined Sheetr ock is an excellent noise reducer, but can cost
` 6250-12500 per piece of sheetr ock
Fire- P
roofing Earlier, asbestos was used for f irepr oof ing, either on its own, or together with
binders such as cement.
Now a days, Firepr oof ing plasters are used viz.
Gypsum plasters
Cementious plasters
Fibrous plasters
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Earthquake resistance technology
Earthquakes can collapse buildings and
other structures
Liquefaction a major challenge
faced by buildings during earthquake
Earthquake Resistant Techniques to
overcome those
1. Base Isolation for Earthquake Resistance
2. Using of Energy Dissipation Devices.
e.g. Dampers
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Case studies
Burj-Khalifa, Dubai
Tallest building in the world (828m)
Costs- ar ound ` 7500 cr ores
Advanced cladding panels maximize resistance
against heat transmission f r om the sun & thus savingenergy thr ough high per formance ref lective glazing
Highest installation of glass and aluminium f acade
Materials used:
Dow Corning 993 Silicone
Dow Corning 798 Cold & Clean r oom silicone
sealant for sealing the exclusive bathr ooms
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Burj-Al-Arab, Dubai
Dow Corning 993
Dow Corning 984
Dow Corning 785
Dow Corning Q3-3793
T allest hotel in the world (32 1m)
T echnology involved-
Installation of dampers to counter
effect vortex shedding
Materials Used
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Taipei 101, Taiwan
Total height is 508m
It costs ar ound ` 350 cr ores.
Technologies involved
Hysteretic Dampers
Velocity Dampers
To overcome-
Typhoon winds
Large potential earthquakes
Weak soil conditions
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Dubai Infinity Tower
First building on earth having twists of f ull
90 degrees f r om its base to its cr own .
It has a total height of 306.9 metres
As the perimeter columns ascend f r omstory to story, they lean in or out, in a
direction perpendicular to the slab edge.
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Comparatively str ong and reliable
For example, steel is more reliable as well as str onger than
ordinary bamb
oo o
r such typeof
things.
Unlike others they are not enhancing deforestation.
Because of its durability, its pr oves economical in the long run.
Advantages of Modern Building Materials
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Disadvantages of Modern Building Materials
High Initial cost
Can not be afforded by developing / underdeveloped
countries
Complex pr ocesses involved in repair / replacement
Can¶t be pr ocured easily ( Unavailability )
High technical staff required for construction/installation.
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C onclusion
Modern materials have an upper edge over the old conventionalmaterials
But
Complex process involved in their Manufacturing process
High skills required for implementation &
Unavailability
Chief ly responsible for their low usage in developing countries like
India where locally available resources such as bamboo, thatch,
mud, brick, mortar etc are given more precedence.
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