By
Formerly Professor of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Panjab University, Chandigarh
Dr. S.P. JAUHAR
For Class XII
CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
According to new syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi and State
Boards of Uttarakhand, Karnataka (IInd Year PUC), Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal,
Kerala, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur and other States following CBSE curriculum.
PART-I
Price of Part I & :II 1140.00
MODERN PUBLISHERS(Producers of Quality Textbooks)
abc OF
THOROUGHLY REVISED & UPDATEDEDITION 2016–2017
Strictly
in accordance
with the Latest
Guidelines and Syllabus
issued by
N.C.E.R.T. / C.B.S.E.
Including
Value Based Questions
Tuesday, December 29, 2015 4:40:54 PMColor profile: Disabled
C MY K
C MY K
We are committed to serve students with best of our knowledge and resources. We have taken utmost care and paid much attentionwhile editing and printing this book but we would beg to state that Authors and Publishers should not be held responsible for unintentionalmistakes that might have crept in. However, errors brought to our notice shall be gratefully acknowledged and attended to.
© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any breach willentail legal action and prosecution without further notice.
Published by : MODERN PUBLISHERSMBD House, Railway Road, Jalandhar City.
Printed at : M. GULAB SINGH & SONS (P) LTD.B-5/14, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad (U.P.)
MODERN'S OUTSTANDING TEXTBOOKSFOR CLASS XII
� Modern's abc + of Physics� Modern's abc of Practical Physics� Modern's abc of Numerical Problems in Physics� Modern's abc of Physics Lab Manual� Modern's abc + of Chemistry� Modern's abc of Practical Chemistry� Modern's abc of Chemistry Lab Manual� Modern's abc + of Biology� Modern's abc of Practical Biology� Modern's abc of Biology Lab Manual� Modern's abc + of Mathematics� Solutions of Modern's abc of Mathematics� Modern's abc of Computer Science
KIND ATTENTION : DEAR CUSTOMER
To avoid duplicacy, a HOLOGRAM has been pastedon the cover of this book. If this hologram is missing,please do not purchase the book as it is likely to bea duplicate book. Any such duplicacy if noted mayplease be intimated to the Publishers.
FOR JEE-Main, JEE-Advance& Medical (AIPMT)
� Modern's abc of Objective Physics� Modern's abc of Objective Chemistry� Modern's abc of Objective Mathematics� Modern's abc of Objective Biology� Modern's abc of Crash Course Physics (JEE-Main)� Modern's abc of Crash Course Chemistry (JEE-Main)� Modern's abc of Crash Course Mathematics (JEE-Main)
E [email protected] www.mbdgroup.com
Toll Free No. : 1800 200 2233
OUR ADDRESSES IN INDIA� New Delhi: MBD House, Gulab Bhawan, 6, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg Ph. 23317931, 23318301� Mumbai: A-683, T.T.C. Industrial Area, M.I.D.C. Off. Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai Ph. 32996410, 27780821, 8691053365� Chennai: No. 26 B/2 SIDCO Estate, North Phase, Pataravakkam, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Ambattur Ph. 26359376, 26242350� Chennai: Plot No. 3018, Old Y Block, 3rd Street, 12th Main Road, Anna Nagar West Ph. 23741471� Kolkata: Satyam Building, 46-D, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg Ph. 22296863, 22161670� Jalandhar City: MBD House, Railway Road Ph. 2458388, 2459046, 2455663� Bengaluru: 124/31, 1st Main, Industrial Town (Near Chowdeshwari Kalyan Mantap), West of Chord Road, Rajajinagar
Ph. 23103329, 23104667� Hyderabad: 3-4-492, Varun Towers, Barkatpura Ph. 27564788, 9985820001� Ernakulam: Surabhi Building, South Janatha Road, Palarivattom Ph. 2338107, 2347371� Pune: Survey No. 44, Behind Matoshree Garden, Kondhwa–Khadi Machine, Pisoli Road, at Post-Pisoli Ph. 65271413, 65275071� Nagpur: Near N.I.T. Swimming Pool, North Ambazari Road, Ambazari Layout Ph. 2248104, 2248106, 2248649, 2245648� Ahmedabad: Godown No. 10, Vedant Prabha Estate, Opp. ONGC Pumping Station, Sarkhej Sanand Road, Sarkhej Ph. 26890336, 32986505� Cuttack: Badambadi, Link Road Ph. 2367277, 2367279, 2313013� Guwahati: Chancellor Commercial, Hem Baruah Road, Paan Bazar Ph. 2131476, 8822857385� Lucknow: 173/15, Dr. B. N. Verma Road, Old 30 Kutchery Road Ph. 4010992, 4010993� Patna: Ist Floor, Annapurna Complex, Naya Tola Ph. 2672732, 2686994, 2662472� Bhopal: Plot No. 137, 138, 139, Sector-I, Special Industrial Area, Govindpura Ph. 2581540, 2601535� Jabalpur: 840, Palash Chamber, Malviya Chowk Ph. 2405854� Goa: H. No. 932, Plot No. 66, Kranti Nagar (Behind Azad Bhawan), Alto Porvorim, Bardez Ph. 2413982, 2414394� Jaipur: C-66A, In front of Malpani Hospital, Road No. 1, V.K. Industrial Area, Sikar Road Ph. 4050309, 4020168� Raipur: Behind Kailash Provision Store, Ravi Nagar Ph. 2445370, 4052529� Karnal: Plot No. 203, Sector-3, HSIDC, Near Namaste Chowk, Opp. New World Ph. 2220006, 2220009� Shimla (H.P.): C-89, Sector-I, New Shimla-9 Ph. 2670221,2670618� Jammu (J&K): MBD Office, 48 Gurjjar Colony, C/o Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust, N.H. Bye Pass Road Ph. 2467376, 9419104035� Ranchi (Jharkhand): Shivani Complex, 2nd Floor, Jyoti Sangam Lane, Upper Bazar Ph. 9431257111� Sahibabad (U.P.): B-9 & 10, Site IV, Industrial Area Ph. 3100045, 2896939� Dehradun (Uttarakhand): Plot No. 37, Bhagirathipuram Niranjanpur, GMS Road Ph. 2520360, 2107214
DELHI LOCAL OFFICES:� Delhi (Shakarpur): MB 161, Street No. 4 Ph. 22546557, 22518122� Delhi (Daryaganj): MBD House, 4587/15, Opp. Times of India Ph. 23245676� Delhi (Patparganj): Plot No. 225, Industrial Area Ph. 22149691, 22147073
I feel pleasure in presenting the revised edition of the book for Class XIIstudents. The book has been prepared strictly according to the new syllabus proposed by
and
Text matter has been planned giving emphasis on in a simple, clear andsystematic method. The text has been presented in an interesting style with a large number of
and The text also has special features : Key Point, WatchOut, Learning Plus, In Focus, Competition Plus and Additional Useful Informations.
A number of and have been given under the headingpromoting problem solving skills in students.
Alarge number of (Solved) are given in each chapter.
Thought provoking questions under the heading are given in all chapters.
In NCERT File all the are solved.
with Hints & Solutions are given at the end of each chapter to help thestudents to check their performance after covering the chapter. A Mock Test with solutions accordingto CBSE pattern is given at the end of the book.
At the end of each chapter, havebeen added to check the retention power of the students.
Tough & Tricky with solutions are added to accelerate the potential of the students for.
A number of (HOTS) and with answers areincluded at the end of each chapter.
A variety of from different competitive examinations have been added tomake the book useful for the preparation of competitive examinations in Competition File.
MCQs with Comprehension/Passages followed by (MCQs), Assertionand Reason Type Questions, Matrix Match Type Questions and Integer Type questions in the light ofnew pattern of JEE-Advanced are also given.
The book provides complete coverage of previous years’ Board examinations of different States andAll India Secondary Board.
UNIT PRACTICE TESTS
PROBLEMSSOLVING NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
Value Based Questions with Answers are given in each chapter.
‘‘Modern’s abc of Chemistry’’
Education Boards of Indian States
fundamental concepts
+C.B.S.E. New
Delhi
illustrative examples numerical problems.
problems short answer questions PracticeProblems
Conceptual Questions
R U Curious....
Intext Questions, Textbook Exercises and Exemplar Problems
Higher Order Thinking Skills Brain Twisting Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
more than one correct answers,
.
Salient Features of the Book
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
Quick Revision through Objective Questions “Quick Memory Test”
I am extremely thankful to Dr. (Mrs.) Sheenu Jauhar for her sincere efforts and unmatched contribution incrictical and thorough revision of the whole book and revising Objective Questions. I am also thankful tomany teachers and students who have been sending their valuable suggestions and comments for theimprovement of the book. We are greatly indebted to them. I wish to acknowledge my sincere thanks toMr. Arun Kamboj (G.S.S. School, Tohana), Dr. G.J.P. Singh (Chemistry Deptt., P.U., Chandigarh), Dr. O.P.Sood (Govt. College, Chandigarh), Dr. Sajeev Soni (S.D. College, Chandigarh), Dr. A.N. Sharma (Govt.College, Hamirpur), Mrs. T. Sondhi (Sacred Heart High School, Chandigarh), Ms. Parveen (Faridkot), Dr.Neelam Vohra (M.L.N. College, Yamuna Nagar), Dr. R.L. Singla (S.A. Jain College, Ambala), Dr. C.M.Gupta (Govt. College, Muktsar), Mrs. Anju Goel (Govt. S.S. School, Sec 37), Mr. Deepak Mishra, H.O.D.(Shri Gauri Shankar Inter College, Firozabad), Mr. Praveen Kumar (S.V.M. Senior Sec. School, Kosi Kalan,Mathura), Mr. Vikas Chander (Saint Mary S.S. School, Gurdaspur), Mr. Rakesh Jassotia (Sr. Lecturer, Govt.H.S.S. Nagari, Parole, Kathua), Mrs. Amita Sharma (Saraswati Institute, Chandigarh), Prof. R.C. Bhanot(Govt. College, Patiala), Dr. Paramjit Singh and Prof. A.S. Chahal (S.G.G.S. Colllege, Chandigarh), Dr. G.S.Arora, Mr. Sudhanshu Jaitley, Gaurav Chakraborty (Chandigarh), Vinod Kumar, G.S.S.S. Ganaur(Sonepat) and Vaibhav Yavlekar, (Ujjain). Finally, I am happy to express my sincerest thanks andindebtness to our dynamic and versatile publisher and his efficient staff for making the project successful.I am also thankful to Mr. Manik Juneja, National Head — Content Operations, Mr. S.K. Sikka, Mr. B.S.Rawat, Ravinder Pathania and L.B. Mishra who have taken great pains in bringing up the book. I hopethat the present book will be warmly received by the students and the teachers.
Dr. S.P. Jauhar
4
Tuesday, November 18, 2014 7:29:27 PMColor profile: Disabled
Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees
5
Tuesday, November 18, 2014 7:29:28 PMColor profile: Disabled
Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees
C MY K
C MY K
Actinium
Aluminium
Americium
Antimony
Argon
Arsenic
Astatine
Barium
Berkelium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Californium
Carbon
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Curium
Dysprosium
Einsteinium
Erbium
Europium
Fermium
Fluorine
Francium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Gold
Hafnium
Hanium
Helium
Holmium
Hydrogen
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iron
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lawrencium
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Manganese
Ac
Al
Am
Sb
Ar
As
At
Ba
Bk
Be
Bi
B
Br
Cd
Ca
Cf
C
Ce
Cs
Cl
Cr
Co
Cu
Cm
Dy
Es
Er
Eu
Fm
F
Fr
Gd
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
Ha
He
Ho
H
In
I
Ir
Fe
Kr
La
Lr
Pb
Li
Lu
Mg
Mn
89
13
95
51
18
33
85
56
97
4
83
5
35
48
20
98
6
58
55
17
24
27
29
96
66
99
68
63
100
9
87
64
31
32
79
72
105
2
67
1
49
53
77
26
36
57
103
82
3
71
12
25
227
26.9
243
121.75
39.94
74.92
210
137.3
247
9.01
208.98
10.81
79.90
112.40
40.02
251
12
140.12
132.90
35.45
51.99
58.93
63.54
245
162.50
254
167.26
151.96
257
18.99
223
157.25
69.72
72.59
196.99
178.48
260
4
164.93
1
114.82
126.90
192.2
55.84
83.80
138.91
257
207.19
6.93
174.97
24.31
54.93
[Rn]86
6dl
7s2
[Ne]10
3s2
3pl
[Rn]86
5f 7
7s2
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
5p3
[Ne]10
3s2
3p6
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
4p3
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
6p5
[Xe]54
6s2
[Rn]86
5f9
7s2
[He]2
2s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
6p3
[He]54
2s2
2p1
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
4p5
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
[Ar]18
4s2
[Rn]86
5f10
7s2
[He]2
2s2
2p2
[Xe]54
4f1
5d1
6s2
[Xe]54
6s1
[Ne]10
3s2
3p5
[Ar]18
3d5
4s1
[Ar]18
3d7
4s2
[Ar]18
3d10
4s1
[Rn]86
5f7
6d1
7s2
[Xe]54
4f10
6s2
[Rn]86
5f11
7s2
[Xe]54
f12
6s2
[Xe]54
4f7
6s2
[Rn]86
5f12
7s2
[He]2
2s2
2p5
[Rn]86
7s1
[Xe]54
4f7
5d1
6s2
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
4pl
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
4p2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s1
[Xe]54
4f14
5d2
6s2
[Rn]86
5f14
6d3
7s2
1s2
[Xe]54
4f11
6s2
1s1
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
5pl
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
5p5
[Xe]54
4f14
5d7
6s2
[Ar]18
3d6
4s2
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
4p6
[Xe]54
5d1
6s2
[Rn]86
5f14
6d1
7s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
6p2
[He]2
1s1
[Xe]54
4f14
5d1
6s2
[Ne]10
3s2
[Ar]18
3d5
4s2
Atomic Masses (C12 = 12.00) and Electronic Configurations of Elements
Element Symbol Atomic Atomic Electronic ConfigurationNumber Mass
C MY K
C MY K
Element Symbol Atomic Atomic Electronic ConfigurationNumber Mass
Mendelevium
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Neon
Neptunium
Nickel
Niobium
Nitrogen
Nobelium
Osmium
Oxygen
Palladium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Plutonium
Polonium
Potassium
Praseodymium
Promethium
Protactinium
Radium
Radon
Rhenium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Rutherfordium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulphur
Tantalum
Technetium
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Xenon
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
Md
Hg
Mo
Nd
Ne
Np
Ni
Nb
N
No
Os
O
Pd
P
Pt
Pu
Po
K
Pr
Pm
Pa
Ra
Rn
Re
Rh
Rb
Ru
Rf
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Tc
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tm
Sn
Ti
W
U
V
Xe
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
101
80
42
60
10
93
28
41
7
102
76
8
46
15
78
94
84
19
59
61
91
88
86
75
45
37
44
104
62
21
34
14
47
11
38
16
73
43
52
65
81
90
69
50
22
74
92
23
54
70
39
30
40
256
200.50
95.94
144.24
20.18
237
58.71
92.90
14
254
190.2
15.99
106.4
30.97
195.09
244
210
39.102
140.907
145
231
226
222
186.2
102.90
85.47
101.07
257
150.35
44.95
78.96
28.08
107.87
22.98
87.62
32.06
180.94
99
127.60
158.92
204.37
232.03
168.93
118.69
47.90
183.85
238.02
50.94
131.04
173.04
88.90
63.37
91.22
[Rn]86
5f13
7s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
[Kr]36
4d5
5s1
[Xe]54
4f4
6s2
[He]2
2s2
2p6
[Rn]86
5f4
6d1
7s2
[Ar]18
3d8
4s2
[Kr]36
4d4
5s1
[He]2
2s2
2p3
[Rn]56
5f14
7s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d6
6s2
[He]2
2s2
2p4
[Kr]36
4d10
[Ne]10
3s2
3p3
[Xe]54
4f14
5d9
6s1
[Rn]86
5f6
7s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
6p4
[Ar]18
4s1
[Xe]54
4f3
6s2
[Xe]54
4f5
6s2
[Rn]86
5f2
6d1
7s2
[Rn]86
7s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
6p6
[Xe]54
4f14
5d5
6s2
[Kr]36
4d8
5s1
[Kr]36
5s1
[Kr]36
4d7
5s1
[Rn]86
5f14
6d2
7s2
[Xe]54
4f6
6s2
[Ar]18
3d1
4s2
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
4p4
[Ne]10
3s2
3p2
[Kr]22
4d10
5s1
[Ne]10
3s1
[Kr]36
5s2
[Ne]10
3s2
3p4
[Xe]54
4f14
5d 3
6s2
[Kr]36
4d5
5s2
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
5p4
[Xe]54
4f9
6s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d10
6s2
6 p1
[Rn]86
6d2
7s2
[Xe]54
4f13
6s2
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
5p2
[Ar]18
3d2
4s2
[Xe]54
4f14
5d4
6s2
[Rn]86
5f2
6d1
7s2
[Ar]18
3d3
4s2
[Kr]36
4d10
5s2
5p6
[Xe]54
4f14
6s2
[Kr]36
4d1
5s2
[Ar]18
3d10
4s2
[Kr]36
4d2
5s2
Award of ExcellenceAward of ExcellenceModern’s abc+ of Chemistry (XI & XII) was awarded
FIRST PRIZE FOR EXCELLENCETHE FEDERATION OF INDIAN PUBLISHERSBY
Award for
Excellence
in Book
Production
FIRST PRIZEFIRST PRIZE
Thursday, December 31, 2015 12:58:47 PMColor profile: Disabled
The present book has been prepared to provide a single book for students preparing for different Boards’
Examinations and Competitive Examinations for Entrance to Medical, Engineering and other Professional
Colleges. Each chapter is divided into two parts. The first part of each chapter provides complete discussion
of all the basic principles, definitions, terms and mathematical relations. The aim of the book is to make the
basic concepts strong with Practice Problems and Conceptual Questions.
The second part of each chapter under the heading Competition File is planned with a target of Competitive
Examinations. This provides additional useful information (not covered in the chapter). This also includes
Objective Questions in the form of multiple choice type, comprehension type, matching type, matrix-match
type, integer answer type and assertion reason type. Hints & Answers to almost all MCQs have been given.
A NOTE TO THE STUDENTS
PLEASE SEE THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE BOOK IN THE MARGINS
WHICH MAKE IT NUMBER 1.
First Prize
IN ADDITION : EACH UNIT HAS
•
•
•
•
•
AISB Qs. and State Boards’ Qs.
highlighted in Revision Exercises
Quick Memory Test
HOTS & Brain Twisting
Questions.
AIPMT, JEE (main),
JEE (advance) given separately.
Unit Practice Test with
Hints & Solutions.
Nytra: a first augmented reality app for K-12 Education in India.
To help the students to visualize the concepts more easily and enhance understanding – a digital revolution:
Watch chemistry come alive.
ABOVE ALL : A NEW FEATURE
Awardof
Excellence
Awardof
Excellence
COMPETITION PLUS
Advanced level matter to explore
more about the topic for competitive
examinations with reference at the
appropriate place in the text and
detail in competition file.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Provides definitions of new terms,
laws, name reactions in organic
chemistry, important facts to
remember and
mathematical relations.
Main contents are given in the
beginning to make the book Target
Oriented. For Boards Examinations
& Competitive Examinations,
students can eaisly search the relevent
material without wasting time
IN THIS UNIT
A very large number of solved
numerical problems of different
levels of difficulty and practice
problems promoting problem
solving skills in students.
SOLVED EXAMPLES &
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Thought provoking questions during
understanding of the text with
answers to satisfy your curiosity.
R U CURIOUS....
To accelerate the potential of students
for solving numerical problems.
TOUGH & TRICKY PROBLEMS
With Answers are given in each unit.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
Thursday, December 31, 2015 12:59:15 PMColor profile: Disabled
in Engineering and Medical
For
JEE-Main Precise discussion of chapters,emphasising allbasic principles, definitions, diagrams,
terms and analytical relations.
Exclusive Numerical Problems (Solved).
Fill in the Blanks and True orFalse Statements.
Self Evaluation Tests.
Coverage of previous years'objective and subjective questions of
various examinations.
MBD House, Gulab Bhawan, 6, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110 002
Ph. : 23317931, 23318301, Fax : 011-23319471, website : mbdgroup.com
Objective Physics
Objective ChemistryObjective Mathematics
Objective Biology
JEE-Main Sample Papers
All questions have been picked up fromthe various entrance examinations.
The most exhaustive books everpublished.
ForAIPMT
Cover the most tricky and difficultquestions.
Modern’s abc Series Always Firstwith the Best.
Multiple Choice Questions with MiscellaneousMCQ's (with Hints and Solutions).
Thursday, December 31, 2015 4:43:10 PMColor profile: Disabled
Useful Relations
π = 3.1416 lnX = 2.303 log X 2.303 RT/F = 0.05916 V
e = 2.71828 2.303 RT = 5709 J mol (at 25°C)
(at 25°C)
Selected Greek letters Some Useful Conversion Factors
α alpha ξ xi 1 kg = 1000 gram
β beta ν nu 1 gram = 10 decigram
γ gamma Π, π pi = 100 centigram
Δ, δ delta ρ rho = 1000 milligram
ε epsilon Σ, σ sigma 1 litre = 1 dm3
= 103
cm3
η eta τ tau 1eV = 1.6022 × 10–19
J
θ theta Φ, φ phi 1 cal = 4.184 J = 4.184 × 107
erg
κ kappa χ chi 1 J = 107
erg
Λ, λ lambda ψ psi 1 L. atm = 24.217 cal = 101.32 J
μ mu Ω, ω omega 1 Å = 10–8
cm = 10–10
m = 0.1 nm
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
= 1.013 × 105
pascals
1 bar = 105
pascals
Prefixes
f p n μ m c d k M
femto pico nano micro milli centi deci kilo mega
USEFUL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Quantity Symbol Value
Speed of light c 2.9979 × 108
ms–1
Atomic mass unit amu 1.6606 × 10–27
kg
or u
Avogadro constant NA
6.022 × 1023
mol–1
Planck constant h 6.6262 × 10–34
J s
Faraday constant F 9.64846 × 104
C mol–1
Boltzmann constant k 1.3807 × 10–23
JK–1
Charge-to-mass ratio of electron e/m 1.7588 × 1011
C kg–1
Electronic charge e 1.60219 × 10–19
C
Gas constant R 8.314 J mol–1
K–1
Molar volume (STP) Vm
22.414 × 10–3
m3
mol–1
22.414 dm3
mol–1
Mass of electron me
9.10953 × 10–31
kg
Mass of proton mp
1.67265 × 10–27
kg
Mass of neutron mn
1.67495 × 10–27
kg
Rydberg constant R 1.096 × 107
m–1
C MY K
C MY K
CMYK
MBD
CMYK
MBD
CHEMISTRYCLASS XII (THEORY)
SYLLABUS
Time : 3 Hours 70 Marks
UNIT Title No. of Periods Marks
Total 160 70
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements 08
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X. 10
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
Solid State 10
Solutions 10
Electrochemistry 12 23
Chemical Kinetics 10
Surface Chemistry 08
-Block Elements 12
- and -Block Elements 1219
Coordination Compounds 12
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10
Aldehydes, Ketones and CarboxylicAcids 10
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 10 28
Biomolecules 12
Polymers 08
Chemistry in Everyday Life 06
p
d f
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids,
amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two and three dimensional lattices,
calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit
cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. Band theory of metals,
conductors, semiconductorsandinsulators, and -and -type semiconductors
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in
liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law,
elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses
using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.
n p
Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of
conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary
idea), dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode
potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, relation between Gibb's energy change
and emf of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.
Unit I : (Periods 10)
Unit II : Solutions (Periods 10)
Solid State
Unit III: Electrochemistry (Periods 12)
�
�
�
1
Mod. Chemistry-12 (Syllabus).psD:\data\MGS-pm65\Modern\Mod. abc + of Chemistry-XII\Mod. abc of Chemistry-XII (Prelims) Part I\Mod. Chemistry-12 (Syllabus).cdrSaturday, November 15, 2014 11:30:41 AM
Unit IV : Chemical Kinetics (Periods 10)
Unit V : Surface Chemistry (Periods 8)
Unit VI : General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements (Periods 8)
Unit VII : -Block Elements (Periods 12)
Unit VIII : and -Block Elements (Periods 12)
Unit IX : Coordination Compounds (Periods 12)
Unit X : Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (Periods 10)
p
d f
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration,temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant,integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collisiontheory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)Activation energy,Arrhenius equation.
Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids;catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous activity and selectivity, enzyme catalysis, colloidal statedistinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic, multimolecularand macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement,electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions – types of emulsions.
Principles and methods of extraction–concentration, oxidation, reduction : electrolytic method andrefining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states,trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen – preparation, properties and uses; compoundsof nitrogen: preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structureonly); Phosphorus–allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties ofphosphine ,halides (PCl ,PCl ) and oxoacids (elementary idea only).
General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,trends in physical and chemical properties, Dioxygen – preparation, properties and uses;classification of oxides; Ozone. Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation,properties and uses of sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses,oxoacids of sulphur (structures only).
General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: preparation, properties and usesof chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only).
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physicaland chemical properties, uses.
General introduction ,electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy,oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds,alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K Cr O and KMnO .
electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoidcontraction and its consequences.
Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic propertiesand shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding; Werner'stheory, VBT, CFT, structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (inqualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).
Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism ofsubstitution reactions, optical rotation.
Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen formonosubstituted compounds only)
Uses and environmental effects of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,iodoform, freons, DDT.
Group 15 elements :
Group 16 elements :
Group 17 elements :
Group 18 elements :
Lanthanoids –
Actinoids –
Haloalkanes:
Haloarenes:
3 5
2 2 7 4
2
Mod. Chemistry-12 (Syllabus).psD:\data\MGS-pm65\Modern\Mod. abc + of Chemistry-XII\Mod. abc of Chemistry-XII (Prelims) Part I\Mod. Chemistry-12 (Syllabus).cdrSaturday, November 15, 2014 11:30:43 AMColor profile: Disabled
Unit XI : Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Periods 10)
Unit XII : Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids (Periods 10)
Unit XIII : Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen (Periods 10)
Unit XIV : Biomolecules (Periods 12)
Unit XV : Polymers (Periods 8)
Unit XVI : Chemistry in Everyday Life (Periods 6)
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
Alcohols :
Phenols :
Ethers :
Aldehydes and Ketones :
Carboxylic acids :
Amines :
Cyanides and Isocyanides
Diazonium salts :
Carbohydrates –
Proteins
Vitamins
Nucleic acids:
Chemicals in medicines –
Chemicals in food –
Cleansing agents –
Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primaryalcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration,uses, some important compounds – methanol and ethanol.
Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature ofphenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physicaland chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen inaldehydes, uses.
Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties, uses.
Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
will be mentioned at relevant places in the text.
Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose),oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)importance of carbohydrates.
– Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primarystructure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only),denaturation of proteins, enzymes, hormones-Elementary idea excluding structure.
– Classification and functions.
DNAand RNA.
Classification – natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation),copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters,bakelite, rubber; Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.
1. analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials,antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
2. preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of anti-oxidants.
3 soaps and detergents, cleansing action.
α
3
Mod. Chemistry-12 (Syllabus).psD:\data\MGS-pm65\Modern\Mod. abc + of Chemistry-XII\Mod. abc of Chemistry-XII (Prelims) Part I\Mod. Chemistry-12 (Syllabus).cdrSaturday, November 15, 2014 11:30:45 AMColor profile: Disabled
MOD ABC Plus Of Chemistry Class 12Part-I
Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers
ISBN : 9789351841227 Author : Dr. S. P. Jauhar
Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/11999
Get this eBook
40%OFF
Top Related