COLPROTEC 2012
La importancia de la Formacion Superior
Profesional para el desarrollo economico y
regional en Francia
29 de mayo 2012
Cali - COLOMBIA
Plan
El ámbito de la I&D&I (Investigación, Desarrollo,
Innovación)
Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios
sectores económicos
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos
Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el
punto de vista del sector privado
Elementos claves del suceso
Lecciones para el futuro
J-P Lacotte 2 Colombia mayo 2012
Plan
El ámbito de la I&D&I (Investigación, Desarrollo,
Innovación)
Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios
sectores económicos
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos
Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el
punto de vista del sector privado
Elementos claves del suceso
Lecciones para el futuro
J-P Lacotte 3 Colombia mayo 2012
Un modelo puramente teórico
I&D & I (Innovación)
J-P Lacotte 4 Colombia mayo 2012
Various
Knowledge
Various
Know-how
El nivel promedio de conocimientos y del saber-hacer deben crecer siempre
El punto de vista profesional
5
El proceso de la Innovación
Cómo funciona hoy en día
Investigación dirigida del descubrimiento
I&D Industrial
Usuario/Mercado/Sociedad
El proceso de innovación no es lineal con intercaciones y reacciones entre
todas las etapas de investigación, incluyendo la implicación del usuario
Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
Investigación Dirigida de la Aplicación
El paisaje europeo de financiamiento
6
Medio plazo Largo plazo Corto plazo
TEN
Eu
rop
a
7th FP EUREKA
Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
Polos
de competitividad
FUI
Fondos I&D&I en Francia
• ANR, Agencia Nacional de la Investigación
• El FUI, Fondo Único Inter-ministerial
• Los “polos de competitividad” trabajo colaborativo
• Las “Inversiones del futuro” una inversión nacional importante para
el futuro :
– Un porcentaje pequeño de subsidios hacia la I&D&I pura ; y
– La parte principal, previendo el futuro, una inversión casi sin
riesgo con un Retorno nacional de la Inversión.
• Todo esto en acuerdo con las reglas de la Unión Europea,
– Pre-competitividad
– Todo tipo de socios : la gran industria y servicios, PYMES,
mundo académico, etc.
– Sin distorsión de las competencias
7 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
Plan
El ámbito de la I&D&I
Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios
sectores económicos
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos
Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el
punto de vista del sector privado
Elementos claves del suceso
Lecciones para el futuro
J-P Lacotte 8 Colombia mayo 2012
PYMEs
• Hay llaves para el futuro:
– Gran numero de empresas: start-up a empresas de gran experiencia
– Desde la high-tech hasta la low-tech
• Gran potencial de empleo, especialmente cuadros intermedios
• Gran dinamismo y reactividad
• Extensamente difundidos en los territorios
• Pero…
– Un problema a 3-7 años
– Contribuyen cada vez más a redes, Polos, EUREKA, 7FP…
– Incapaces de conducir grandes proyectos
– Deberían apoyarse sobre organizaciones mas importantes
– Podrían trabajar mas estrechamente con el sector de la investigación
publica
Cuadros intermedios deben ser formados para innovar 9 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
Plan
El ámbito de la I&D&I
Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios
sectores económicos
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos
Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el
punto de vista del sector privado
Elementos claves del suceso
Lecciones para el futuro
J-P Lacotte 10 Colombia mayo 2012
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT
puede contribuir
• Un IUT es, por ley, un componente de la Universidad con reglas especificas
y regulación. Como la Universidad, un IUT tiene dos pilares : educación e
investigación.
• Un IUT da cursos de formación profesional brindando un diploma nacional
perfectamente reconocido por los empleadores en todo el país.
• EL IUT es uno de los actores que contribuye al desarrollo del territorio. Los
115 IUT están repartidos en mas de 200 ciudades en Francia.
– Bien preparados para la transferencia de tecnología.
• Los estudiantes en IUT, en sus estudios y en relación con su proyecto
personal, deben pasar por lo menos un periodo de trabajo en la empresa, y
para eso, las PYMES son socios privilegiados:
– Este periodo de pasantía está bajo el control del equipo pedagógico del
IUT;
– Este periodo de pasantía da también la oportunidad al equipo
pedagógico de tener contactos útiles con las empresas identificando
problemas y proponiendo soluciones;
– La red de los IUT, con sus centenas de docentes-investigadores,
pueden ayudar. 11 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
El futuro de los graduados en IUT
(DUT)
J-P Lacotte 12 Colombia mayo 2012
Insertion immédiate et durable
15%
Une année d'études supplémentaire
20%
Deux années d'études supplémentaires
9%
Trois années d'études supplémentaires
47%
Autres parcours9%
Un año más de
estudios
20%
Dos años más
9%
Tres años más
47%
Inserción profesional
directa
15%
Otros
9%
8va encuesta nacional sobre los diplomados de DUT (Diplomados 2008)
Parámetros influenciando estos valores medios:
- diploma de entrada, general o tecnológico
- edad
- estudios a tiempo completo o en alternancia
Algunos puntos claves para las
relaciones PYMEs - IUT
• Las reglas de propiedad intelectual entre las partes deben ser
claramente identificadas y definidas.
• La normalización es importante para asegurar la innovación
– Estandarización : las organizaciones internacionales son cada vez menos
los iniciadores de nuevas proposiciones IEC, ISO, ITU, CENELEC, ETSI
etc…
– Las nuevas proposiciones son introducidas por grupos de empresas que
tratan de promover sus propios puntos de vista. Algunos tienen
reconocimiento mundial como DVB (digital televisión), AICC (aviación),
IETF, W3C (Internet and web) 3GPP, OMA (telecom) etc…
• Ventajas fiscales, el “Crédit Impôt Recherche”);
– Costos de personas en I&D&I;
– Costos de I&D&I en subcontratación en las universidades y centros de
investigación reconocidos;
– Gastos de patentes, mantenimiento y litigios por falsificación
– Gastos de normalización para defender sus propios productos
J-P Lacotte 13 Colombia mayo 2012
Plan
El ámbito de la I&D&I
Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios
sectores económicos
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos
Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el
punto de vista del sector privado
Elementos claves del suceso
Lecciones para el futuro
J-P Lacotte 14 Colombia mayo 2012
Hojas de Ruta sobre
la Tecnologia
Una herramienta importante para manejar la I&D&I
“TRM (technology roadmapping) makes industries aware of the
importance of jointly developing R&D programmes in a time where
R&D funding (also inside companies)is scarce. They enhance
knowledge exchange, collaboration and even the creation of more
durable networks amongst industries, and between industries and
academia, which is especially visible in sectors in which individual
industries did not collaborate. They provide strategic vision not
only for big firms but, very importantly, for SMEs, that were said to
be increasingly involved in TRM exercises of the kind presented
here.”
From The effectiveness of Technology Roadmapping; Bastian de
Laat, Shonie Mc Kibbin; The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs,
Pubnummer 03I18; section 3.27., page 28
15 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
Construyendo una Hoja de Ruta de
Tecnología
J-P Lacotte 16 Colombia mayo 2012
Niveles de
Aplicaciones/servicios
Una representación del mundo egocentrismo humano, de la sociedad…
Un traductor a partir de aplicaciones, servicios a las tecnologias: el marketing
El sueño El sueño EL sueño
Clúster de Tecnología
Impacto Social Mayor:
- Salud
- Envejecimiento
- Urbanizacion
- Entorno
- Conocimiento
- Seguridad & Proteccion
- Globalizacion
- On the move
Tipos Múltiples de
Servicios
X-a-Y
Donde X, Y pueden
ser por ejemplo:
A, (Agente),
B, (Business),
C, (Consumidor),
M, (Máquina),
S, (Servicio).
Physical Human
REAL
VIRTUAL Information Knowledge
Modelo RM3 Entidad Individual (personas, dispositivos o
maquinas) realizando y controlando sus metas
individuales y ofreciendo/usando servicios
de/hacia otros Colección de “yo” o “grupos”
cooperando hacia la
realización de objetivos
comunes, cada miembro
contribuye a esta realización
con reglas controlando al
grupo.
YO
Grupo
Organización con un
objetivo general,
conforme con reglas
legales o definidas
externamente, ofreciendo
servicios hacia un
individuo y/o Grupo
perteneciendo a una
comunidad global
Sociedad
Servicios adaptativos distribuidos, servicios
de apoyo genérico y de estructura utilizados
para servicios compuestos, aplicaciones y
sistemas de manera dinámica.
Infraestructuras
y servicios basicos
Una variedad de actividades y
herramientas software es requerida
para ayudar actores/personas/agentes
encargados en diseñar, implementar,
verificar, manteniendo y modificando
productos software-intensive y/o
sistemas y servicios
Sistemas,
servicios,
creación de software
Colombia mayo 2012 17 J-P Lacotte
Technology clusters & categories
(programme sphere)
Content & Knowledge - Acquisition &Processing
- Presentation
- Management
Interaction - More than Human
- New Multimodal & Multi Device
- Intelligent systems
- Security & Trust
- Engineering and development
Network & Computing - Infrastructure
- Services
- Resource Management
- Security, Privacy, Trust &
Robustness
Content
&
Knowledge
Acquisiti
on &
Processi
ng
Presentation
Manage
ment.
System Process support
Engineering
Software Service
Engineering
- Systems
- Software
-Service
- Process support
Technologies
of the
Future?
Colombia mayo 2012 18 J-P Lacotte
19
Metodología y evolución de RM3
Tecnologias
Content Acquisition & Processing 30
Now ST MT L T Digital Sensory System
Standardised exchange of positioning information domain-
speci Þ c generic
High-precision open-space localisation
Localisation in buildings
Low-cost location positioning with increasing precision
New or extended intelligent sensors
Sensor fusion to integrate raw physical data from dif ferent
sensors to information/knowledge
domain-
speci Þ c generic
Software architectures of collaborative sensory systems
Context capturing and management
Ef ficient & standardised context exchange
(e.g. user profiles)
context fusion; integration of context
Efficient analysis of data
Dynamic filtering and transformation for adaptation to
session context
Pattern matching of media data
Media interpretation algorithms of f-line
near
real-time real-time
Integration of information
Algorithms for media integration
(e.g. camera images, position and digital maps) of f-line
near
real-time real-time
Real-time projection algorithms for full windscreen projection
More ef ficient compression algorithms / bit-rate reduction
(transmission time (isochronous – asynchronous), cost,
space, quality (perceived quality - full integrity)
H.261/H.263 H.264
Compression with scalable complexity for optimising coding
parameters with respect to overall performances of the
transmission channel and terminal node capabilities
(e.g. CPU resources, and power)
Generating knowledge from data
Self-adapting learning algorithms for content & context
Descriptive coding of context evolution in space and time
(e.g. derived delay times from traf fic data)
Behaviour prediction based on actual and historical data domain-
speci Þ c generic
Derive high-level from low-level knowledge or data
(e.g. enhanced route-finding algorithms, taking into account
additional attributes such as user preferences and security
aspects)
T echnologies for Content Acquisition & Processing / T able 2-1
Rendezvous
Infrastructure,
standarisation
Rendezvous
Smart tags will allow
identification
of all the object in
the environment
Rendezvous
Challenge
Contenido &
Conocimiento
Network Services 56
Now ST MT L T
Ambient intelligence
T r ansparent access to distributed data (individual sensor /
actuator data or synthetic data) within the local network
(e.g. in home, building, plants)
Individual Synthetic
Remote access to local systems and services
(individual or synthetic)
Manually con Þ gured Individual Synthetic
Positioning 57 GPS T riangulation in
GSM/UMTS Everywhere, incl. in-door
Seamless distributed network capabilities
Automatic resource discovery in a network In a local network In a W AN network
Adaptive knowledge based auto-configuration Home and enterprise
W A N
Agent-based configuration of network elements Home and
enterprise
W A N
Service-based self-managing devices
Standardised device interface (sensors / actuators) and
application model 58
Identity management and profiling
Profiles for users and user clusters
(e.g. groups and communities)
Speci Þ c and
manage- ment
Standardised ontologies
and construction of pro Þ les from user habits
Fusion of pro Þ les
across applications
Identity management Monolithic, proprietary Federated
Universal identification Individual
to-URN resolution
Users ’ personal patterns of behaviour when on-line
established through ‘avatars ’ 59 Games Generic
Service coordination
Brokering of services
General support for application mobility
Profile and network context-based service orchestration W o r k ß ow Context Pro Þ le
Advanced web services allowing secure and transactional
coordination between applications
Service-level agreements (SLA) End-to-end
Support for accountable events
Accountable event generation and collection
Rendezvous
Regulation and
standards
Rendezvous
Security and privacy
Rendezvous
Legal aspects
for inter-operation
T echnologies for Network Services / T a ble 3-2
Red & Cálculo
Human-System Interaction 67
Now ST MT L T
Simple, self-explaining and easy-to-use multimodal HSIs
Speech recognition, speech to text
V oice commands
noisy
environments in
speci Þ c domains
V oice commands,
noisy
environments in
multiple domains
Enhanced natural
language
understanding,
speaker
independence
Natural language
understanding,
application
related semantic
interpretation,
understanding
content, some
emotions
T ext to speech Monotonic Natural-sounding
with intonation
Understanding content, some
emotions
Gestures (to control applications) Monitoring,
directions
(games)
Interpretation, pointing
Facial
movements,
some expressions
Eye movement (to control applications); eye-ball tracking Calibration, focus control Understand
some emotions
Multi-user interfaces; v irtual and augmented reality 2D and 3D symbolic
(games and simulators) 3-D realistic,
other domains
Full 3D and
context support
Usability engineering Evolution of current approaches Disruptions
Platforms for HSI development Evolution of current systems Disruptions
HSI usability test systems Evolution of current systems Disruptions
Intelligent, context-aware and adaptive HSIs
User profiles Pro Þ les within closed or
proprietary environments
Dynamic and roamable pro Þ les
for various environments
Context-awareness (with sensors and pro Þ les) Simple
(presence,
location)
Groups, more
context, detailed
presence
Multi-diverse
environment
Full context and
situation, some
emotions
Learning user interfaces Adapting menus, mainly single users,
simple collaboration
Multi-diverse
environment
Understand some
human behaviour
Privacy and security Basic Multi-diverse environments, trust aspects Full support
Support for multi-display/device/HSI systems Basic
Session roaming, context support,
complex systems
Full adaptation
and support
Seamless and interchangeable HSIs
Multi-device HSIs Basic Multi-diverse environment Full support
T e chnologies for Human-System Interaction / T able 4-1
Interacción
Engineering process support 80
Now ST MT L T Integration and interoperation of engineering tools
Common meta-model for engineering artefacts E.g. MOF Data sharing
Standardised tool data transfer formats E.g. XMI Complete data transfer
Integrated navigation and linking of engineering
elements, including data management
Based on
Þ le paradigm Object management with versioning of schemas
T ool integration frameworks and platforms E.g. Eclipse Data sharing based on object management
Configurable, extensible and modular engineering
methodologies
Con Þ gurable,
E.g. RU P T ool support
Methodologies for per-to-peer engineering Open source best practice
W eb-based development environment 81
Distributed and collaborative engineering
Distributed engineering support technologies Shared work space
E.g. Groove
Concurrent engineering support technologies V ersion management,
E.g. CVS, GForce
Collaborative decision making, groupware solutions Proprietary
Integration of non-software engineering disciplines
Cyber rooms and processes
Configurable methodologies and process standards
Executable process definitions Process description language Executable
Configurable workflows T ool con Þ guration for
process support
Requirements driven process management
Requirements management and change management E.g. DOORS
From document-centred
to object-oriented Requirements linking and tracking
Requirements re-use techniques and guidelines Re-use by reference
Requirements based measurement
Requirements, meta-models and specification
languages T emplate Formalised description
Concept of uncertain requirements Formalised description
Requirements verification and validation
Requirements based code generation techniques,
test generations
Knowledge based engineering
Ontology , standardised knowledge models, taxonomies De Þ nitions and matching algorithms
Data mining, software mining and profiling 82
Speci Þ c Focused and adapted generic methods, e.g.
pattern matching based on DN A analysis
Rendezvous
Domain-specific
CAD technologies
Rendezvous
Domain-specific
CAD technologies
T echnologies for engineering process support / T able 5-3
Ingeniería
Dominios
Escenarios
Scripts
Clústeres
Content Acquisition & Processing 30
Now ST MT L T Digital Sensory System
Standardised exchange of positioning information domain-
speci Þ c generic
High-precision open-space localisation
Localisation in buildings
Low-cost location positioning with increasing precision
New or extended intelligent sensors
Sensor fusion to integrate raw physical data from dif ferent
sensors to information/knowledge
domain-
speci Þ c generic
Software architectures of collaborative sensory systems
Context capturing and management
Ef ficient & standardised context exchange
(e.g. user profiles)
context fusion; integration of context
Efficient analysis of data
Dynamic filtering and transformation for adaptation to
session context
Pattern matching of media data
Media interpretation algorithms of f-line
near
real-time real-time
Integration of information
Algorithms for media integration
(e.g. camera images, position and digital maps) of f-line
near
real-time real-time
Real-time projection algorithms for full windscreen projection
More ef ficient compression algorithms / bit-rate reduction
(transmission time (isochronous – asynchronous), cost,
space, quality (perceived quality - full integrity)
H.261/H.263 H.264
Compression with scalable complexity for optimising coding
parameters with respect to overall performances of the
transmission channel and terminal node capabilities
(e.g. CPU resources, and power)
Generating knowledge from data
Self-adapting learning algorithms for content & context
Descriptive coding of context evolution in space and time
(e.g. derived delay times from traf fic data)
Behaviour prediction based on actual and historical data domain-
speci Þ c generic
Derive high-level from low-level knowledge or data
(e.g. enhanced route-finding algorithms, taking into account
additional attributes such as user preferences and security
aspects)
T echnologies for Content Acquisition & Processing / T able 2-1
Rendezvous
Infrastructure,
standarisation
Rendezvous
Smart tags will allow
identification
of all the object in
the environment
Tecnologías
del Futuro ?
?
Servicios, Sistemas & Creación de
Software
Infraestructura & Servicios
Básicos
Service composition
Short term Medium term Long term
Vision
Services built by „integrators‟ based on existing building blocks at development time. User recognised by each service, very limited personalisation and a large number of services to surf.
Profile built for categorised users: group/family profile.
Limited dynamic system service composition.
User recognised by a information service provider or independent entity – single authentication.
User represented by proxy in simple situations
Dynamic system service composition considering context and personal profile – one-stop shop.
Autonomous agent acting on behalf of user
Technologies
Brokering technologies: service ontology
1 for service
description covering functional and non-functional aspects. Services describing quality properties. Directories and dynamic discovery technology will mature.
Service certification for ensuring the expected behaviour – e.g. QoS.
Intelligent brokering adapted to user and context.
Container technology: servers, client and agent containers including standard basic services.
Self-organising – i.e. intelligent, self-adaptive, self-configurable and scalable – infrastructure services.
Data mining and profiling technologies – e.g. profile servers.
Semantic search engines.
Ontology for profiles and context.
Context-aware multimedia search technologies.
Content certification.
Fusion of data from profiles with recognition of user habits.
Technology to fulfil legal requirements – e.g. identification of user, provider, illegal content, etc.
1 Set of specified concepts (entities and interactions) defining the working model.
YO
Me domain: A day with the „Internet of things‟
Short term Medium term Long term
Vision
Ubiquitous connectivity of personal items, digital things and the environment. End-user control and management of privacy settings
Self diagnostics in proximity of a car.
Machine readable ID documents such as passports and driving licences. (already exists)
Smart clothes
Wireless/remote diagnostics of a car.
Personal preferences stored in and read from user belongings.
Remotely readable ID documents like passports and driving licenses.
Video call on sunglasses
Automatic presence that is accessible via the Internet
Automatic car maintenance, for example robot-driven tyre replacement.
Automatic checking of ID documents while driving, still preserving privacy.
Automatic and personalised weather and risk forecasts based on local and remote services.
Beverage machine that automatically recognises users‟ preferences
Technologies
Sensor for tyre pressure in a car (already exists but not a standard feature yet)
Diagnostics computer in car (already exists)
Weather sensing in clothes, phones and other user belongings.
Remote-readable user preferences with the user (in phone, wallet, ….)
Connectivity of clothes gadgets, etc.
User control of access and traceability of car data
Remotely readable driver‟s licence and passport information with end-user control
Video display in sunglasses.
Remotely readable location information, for example based on car and personal navigation systems
Delegation of ID (passport and driving license) to car for remote reading.
Common and standardised history for user preferences and services.
Grupo
Short term Medium term Long term
Vision
Dynamics: Manual set up of groups
Self constitution of ad-hoc group based on location of members
Self constitution of generalised, automated ad hoc groups, based on location and profiles
Ubiquity: Best access selection End-to-end connectivity
Session continuity across heterogeneous technologies
Any terminal
Semantic routing of information within the network participating in the intelligent management of information distribution
Adaptation to member profile: Focused broadcasting of contacts and information
Information filtering
Semantic analysis of messages
Natural language interfaces
Automated high quality translation
Adapted information insertion
Automatic learning of user behaviour
Avatar acting on behalf of the user
Virtual collaborative environment: Interactive multimedia content sharing
Multimedia content co-creation
Virtual presence
Haptic communication
Emotion communication
Context awareness: Location-based services
Awareness of the proximity of group members
Capture and exchange of member environment
Automatic knowledge of member context based on behavioural models and adaptation of communication mode
Augmented reality
Technologies
High bit-rate fixed and mobile access
Profiling systems and algorithms
Digital rights management
Web 2.0
Peer-to-peer
Cross-media
Self-organisation
Protocol interoperability
Multiplatform applications
Human-system interaction
Learning mechanisms
Semantics
Content management
High throughput connections
End-to-end quality of service
Context modelling and interpretation
Open standards architecture and interfaces for flexible group management
Knowledge management
Application-aware networking
Behaviour modelling
Sociedad
Public security and safety
Short term Medium term Long term
Vision
Traceability for safer food
On-line vision
On-line customs/tax declarations
High throughput airport security control – check-in
Management of security credentials – e.g. based on biometrics – at home by citizens
Integrated disaster management
Global citizenship-based open standards
Technologies
E-Pedigree through smart tags for safe food
Standardised interfaces for accessing public services
Conditional credential checking based on biometrics
Implementing tamper-resistance for widely adopted security tokens
Surveillance systems
Ad-hoc co-ordination and communications systems in harsh environments
Federated security systems
Advanced modelling techniques
Services paradigm
Short term Medium term Long term
Vision
Adapting existing components into network services.
Services over Internet
Some dedicated software as a service, mainly in the office domain.
Web 2.0
Services orchestration – from a single control point
Automatic discovery and invocation of network-enabled services
Services choreography
Dynamic and adaptive processes
Services monitoring and management
Secured services infrastructure
Agile applications – self adapting, self optimising…
Business-driven automated compositions
(Any-)user generated services
QoS-aware service composition
Evolutionary services – seamless replacement of components
Service governance – services must conform to shared rules
Technologies
Wrapping components
Distributed computing, Databases, Security
Web services
XML technologies (SOAP, XSLT, XQuery…)
Service-oriented architecture (SOA), UDDI, WSDL, WS-CDL, BPEL4WS, ESB
Mash-ups
Service middleware infrastructures for data and process integration, with end-to-end security
Integration brokers
Service aggregators
Web services distributed management (WSDM)
Advanced business modelling
Dynamically reconfigurable service architectures
Semantically enhanced service discovery
Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
20
El proceso de la Innovación
Cómo funciona hoy en día
Investigación dirigida del descubrimiento
I&D Industrial
Usuario/Mercado/Sociedad
El proceso de innovación no es lineal con intercaciones y reacciones entre
todas las etapas de investigación, incluyendo la implicación del usuario
Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte
Investigación Dirigida de la Aplicación
Plan
El ámbito de la I&D&I
Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios
sectores económicos
Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos
Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el
punto de vista del sector privado
Elementos claves del suceso
Lecciones para el futuro
J-P Lacotte 21 Colombia mayo 2012
Importancia del rol de los Tecnologos
(Técnicos superiores)
• EL IUT es, por ley, un componente de la Universidad
que beneficia de un estatus especial.
• Como la Universidad, el IUT tiene 2 pilares:
formación e investigación.
• Los estudiantes de los IUT son bien preparados para
participar a la innovación en sus especialidades.
• Los estudiantes de los IUT tienen una posición
jerárquica reconocida entre los ingenieros y los
obreros (especializados o no).
• El tecnólogo (técnico superior en Francia) como
todos los actores de la empresa, debe estar
preparado a cambiar de trabajo durante su vida
profesional. J-P Lacotte 22 Colombia mayo 2012
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