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Experiences of ISFOC on
Concentration Photovoltaic
Francisca Rubio
ISFOC R&D Director
Standard presentation - Only fo r internal use -
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Outline
Concentration photovoltaic
ISFOC Creation
R&D plan First results
Degradation study
O&M issues
CPV and PV comparison
CPV advantages
Conclusions
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The Concentration Photovoltaic (CPV) concentratesthe radiation into the cell using an opticalcomponent
Definition
3
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Advantages
Cells much smaller than the traditional one =>Less material needed
Possibility to use a more efficient cell (III-Vmultijunction technology (40% instead of 20%)
4
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Cell
Multijunction cell: GaInP, GaInAs, Ge
Courtesy A. Luque, Project CONSOLIDER - GENESIS FV
Better use of the spectrum
5
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Optic
LENS: FresnelWITH SECONDARY OPTICS
Cell
6
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Optic
PARABOLA:
Cell
45
7
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Optic
TIR: TOTAL INTERNAL REFLEXION
cell
Secondary optic
TIR
lens
silicone
8
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Optic
New optical concepts(XR, XRI)
Cell
mirror
Secondary opticGa As cell
mirror
mirror
15 mm
40 mm
9
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Heatsink
Passive refrigeration: Heatsink
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Heatsink
Active cooling
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Trackers
One axis trackers: Only for low concentration
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Trackers
Two axis trackers
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Other technologies
Trackers
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Module
Light into cellMultijunction cell
receives the light
Cells with heatsinkand lens
Final module
Pictures by Courtesy of Concentrix 15
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UPM-IES
SIC
Launching ISFOC
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Train a group of experts capable of promoting both
high level research and local industrial development
by means of setting up pilot photovoltaicconcentration plants.
To become a centre of reference that provides reliable
information to the entire world on the power and
productivity of commercial CPV systems.
ISFOC: Mission
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FIRST PHASE: ISFOC Establishment First International call for tenders in 2006
1,7 MW awarded to 3 companies
Second International call for tenders in 2007
1,3 MW awarded to 4 companies
Construction of HQ Building and laboratories
Recruitment of key personnel
ISFOC
SECOND PHASE: Projects and Operation
Operation and Maintenance of the power plants
R&D plan deployment
New projects
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Manufacturers
500kW
500kW
400kW
300kW
300kW
300kW
400kW19
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Puertollano (Ciudad Real)
HQ and 800kWISOFOTNCONCENTRIXSOLFOCUS
Puertollano 2
SOITEC300 KwSecond Call for tenders
Almoguera (Guadalajara)
SOLFOCUS300 Kw
Infrastructures
20
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About ISFOC
1stand 2ndPhase ISFOC Project Installations (3MW)
Puertollano I
800kW installed andconnected to the grid
Almoguera
300kW installed andconnected to the grid
Puertollano II
1.130kW installed100 kW under construction400 kW free for new systems
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About ISFOC
1stand 2ndPhase ISFOC Project Installations (3MW)
Puertollano I
800kW installed andconnected to the grid
Almoguera
300kW installed andconnected to the grid
Puertollano II
1.130kW installed100 kW under construction400 kW free for new systems
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About ISFOC
1stand 2ndPhase ISFOC Project Installations (3MW)
Puertollano I
800kW installed andconnected to the grid
Almoguera
300kW installed andconnected to the grid
Puertollano II
1.130kW installed100 kW under construction400 kW free for new systems
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Laboratories
Offices
Maintenance
InfrastructuresPuertollano I
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Design
Working mode
Manufacturing
Not working mode
Standards
Transport
Construction & Installations
Module assembly
Operation & Maintenance
Recycling
Life cycle
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Standards
Measurement
Technology
Maintenance &
Recycling
Solar radiation
Concentratorimprovement
Training &
Consultancy
Environment
Dissemination
R&D plan
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MASDAR: R&D Activities
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MASDAR: Bilateral project with MASDAR for theinstallations of 800 kW of CPVActivities- Call for tenders and contract definition
- Engineering Works supervision- Training of the Masdar personal- Evaluation and acceptation of the installed plants-Definition and installations of the meteorological
stations-Development of a Data Base to analyze the data of allthe locations.
CONFIDENTIAL
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Services
1) Development phase:
- Design review, FMEA, etc.2) Characterization phase- - Indoor and outdoor characterization- - Outdoor performance study3) Validation phase
- - Pre-certification qualification tests- - Certification tests4) Demonstration and commercial plants
- Solar resource and meteorology study- Yield & production study- Engineering- Evaluation and follow-up of the demo plant- Monitoring
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Tracker issues
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O&M issues
Tracker issues solutions
ISFOC, Spanish working group and IEC WG7are working in new standards for trackerspecification and qualification to improve thetrackers design
Most of the tracker issues by ISFOC havealready been solved
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Outline
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O&M issues
Protection and wiring issues explanationThe most important issues are linked with switches and overgenerationSolution: Good design of the installations
32
Pareto Chart
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
Ove
r-tempge
nerals
witch
Ove
r-gen
eratio
n
Tran
sformer
switch
off
DCpr
otectio
nsburnt
out
Conta
ctor
failu
re
Oth
ers
Incident Type
FailureOccurrence
Frequency
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
%C
umulative
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O&M issues
Module issues: Very few modules found with minorissues generally not affecting production
33
SOLVED IN THE PRESENT COMERTIAL GENERATION
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O&M issues
Conclusions- Most of the Operation failures come from thetrackers- Many failures can be solved after reparation
- Qualification tests needed to avoid thetrackers failures- Very few failures in modules, which can besolved with the experience in demonstrationplants
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Degradation study
- Almost the same slope in the 3 years => No visible degradation- Performance depending of the DNI
35
Yearly degradation
y = 0.121x - 13.945
R2= 0.9314
y = 0.1204x - 14.452
R2= 0.9299y = 0.1211x - 16.988
R2= 0.9471
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
DNI (Wh/m2)
Energy
(kWh)
Energy 2009 Energy 2010 Energy 2011
Lineal (Energy 2009) Lineal (Energy 2010) Lineal (Energy 2011)
Hourly production comparison shows no degradation after 3 year
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CPV vs PV production
CPV production much higher than tracked PV duringsummer in Puertollano in 2009
36
Monthly Production CPV vs PV
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sept oct nov dec
Puertollano - 2009
Pr
oduction(kWh/kWp)
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
R
adiation(kWh/m2)
CPV
Fix PV
Track PV
DNI
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CPV vs PV production
Similar production for CPV and tracked PV inPuertollano in 2009
37
Cummulated Production CPV vs PV
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sept oct nov dec
Puertollano - 2009
Pro
duction(kWh/kWp)
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
1600.00
1800.00
2000.00
Radiation(kWh/m2)
Cum CPV
Cum Fix PV
Cum Track PV
Cum DNI
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Results: CPVPV efficiency
CPV efficiency increases with the DNI.
PV efficiency decreases
Figure 9:Monthly Efficiency versus DNI in Puertollano in CPV and
tracked PV between the months of January 2010 and July 2010CONFIDENTIAL
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CPV vs PV
Conclusions
- Very similar production level between CPV andtracked PV systems in Puertollano, which is a
medium sunny region, with the CPV rated at 850W/m2
- Fix PV has always less production than CPVand tracked PV systems
- Much better production of CPV in very sunnymonths
39
CPV market
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CPV market
CPV is desirable for high radiation location and all sizes plants
source: Prometheus Institute
DNI Direct radiation map
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DNIDirect radiation map
Many high radiation locations in the world for CPV market
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Other advantages
Enviromentaladvantages
- No PermanentShadowing
- Minimal Impact to Land- Dual Land Usage- Flexible Layout Sites- No Water Usage for
Electricity Generation
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Other advantages
Production during the peak demand
43
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Biggest advantages
Performance
- Better performance than PV in sunny and hotcountries
- Better efficiency => Less number of modules,trackers and land
- Production during the whole day- Lower degradation (to be demonstrated)
44
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CPV manufacturers
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CPV Companies Company locationAmerican CPV USAAmonix USABoeing USAChromasun USAConcentrating Technologies USACool earth Solar USAEdtek USAEMCORE USAEnergy Innovations USAEnfocus Engineering USAEntech USAGreenVolts USAIBM USAJX Crystal USAOpel International USAPyron Solar USAScaled Solar USASemprius USASkyline USASolarTech USASolfocus USASoliant Energy USASUNRGI
USA
Xtreme Energetics USAZettaSun USAMenova CanadaMorgan Solar CanadaHeliofocus IsraelMST IsraelVerilite IsraelZenithsolar IsraelZyrtech solar Israel
CPV Companies Company locationAbengoa Solar SpainBSQ SpainConcentralia SpainFoton HC SpainIsofoton SpainOn sun Systems SpainRenovalia CPV SpainSol 3G SpainSoltec SpainZytech solar SpainAngelantoni ItalyCPOWER ItalyENEA ItalyMagpower PortugalMartifer PortugalHeliotrop FranceConcentrix GermanySolar Tec AG GermanyAbsolicon SwedenCircadian Solar UKSilicon CPV UKWhitfield Solar UKSichuan Zhonghan Solar Power Co.Ltd ChinaSuntrix ChinaES System KoreaDaido Steel JapanSharp Solar JapanArima ECO TaiwanCompsolar TaiwanDelta Electronics TaiwanEverphoton Energy TaiwanSpirox TaiwanConcentrating Solar Systems AustraliaGreen and Gold Energy AustraliaSolar Systems Australia
Industry Progress installations &
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Industry Progress installations &
modules
Amonix installed 40 MW (AC) in 2011 Semprius announced 33.9% efficientmodule
Amonix expects to be the first III-V basedCPV module to be officially listed in theProgress in PV Efficiency Tables
Several companies are reporting moduleefficiencies > 30%
Ch ll
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Challenges
CPV should demonstrate: Reliability O&M Data
Strong reference investors needed
Bankability
Pressure on CPV due to PV price reduction Cost reduction of the system
Target: 2 $/Watt1,5 $/Watt
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Technology ready Life time cycle learning
ISFOC Positioning
First installations and R&D plan
CPV production higher than PV production insunny locations
O&M and Degradation study
CPV advantages
CPV challenges & roadmap
CPV IS STARTING THE DEPLOYMENT WITHVERY BIG PLANTS!
Conclusions
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Pol. La Nava
13500 Puertollano
(Ciudad Real)
SPAIN+34 926 441 673
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