309

pppp\\\\krN: krN: krN: krN: 6666

gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt'amZt'amZt'amZt[r s>tin"[r s>tin"[r s>tin"[r s>tin" nvlkYi nvlkYi nvlkYi nvlkYimi> mi> mi> mi> ail[Kiy[l pail[Kiy[l pail[Kiy[l pail[Kiy[l p\\\\kZ(t an[ s>AkZ(tkZ(t an[ s>AkZ(tkZ(t an[ s>AkZ(tkZ(t an[ s>AkZ(t

6.1.6.1.6.1.6.1. pppp\\\\iiiiAtiAtiAtiAti((((vvvvkkkk:::: 6.2.6.2.6.2.6.2. gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt[r s>tin":gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt[r s>tin":gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt[r s>tin":gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt[r s>tin": 6.3.6.3.6.3.6.3. 'amZt[r s>tin"mi> ail[Kiy[l p'amZt[r s>tin"mi> ail[Kiy[l p'amZt[r s>tin"mi> ail[Kiy[l p'amZt[r s>tin"mi> ail[Kiy[l p\\\\kZ(t: kZ(t: kZ(t: kZ(t: 6.3.1.6.3.1.6.3.1.6.3.1. (n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p(n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p(n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p(n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p\\\\kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN: 6.3.2.6.3.2.6.3.2.6.3.2. sip[xr)t[ Yt&> psip[xr)t[ Yt&> psip[xr)t[ Yt&> psip[xr)t[ Yt&> p\\\\kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN: 6.3.2.1.6.3.2.1.6.3.2.1.6.3.2.1. pppp\\\\kZ(t (n$pN: minvkZ(t (n$pN: minvkZ(t (n$pN: minvkZ(t (n$pN: minvBivi[ Äykt krvi miT[:Bivi[ Äykt krvi miT[:Bivi[ Äykt krvi miT[:Bivi[ Äykt krvi miT[: 6.3.2.2.6.3.2.2.6.3.2.2.6.3.2.2. pppp\\\\kZ(t (n$pN: páid`B* tr)k[:kZ(t (n$pN: páid`B* tr)k[:kZ(t (n$pN: páid`B* tr)k[:kZ(t (n$pN: páid`B* tr)k[: 6.3.2.3.6.3.2.3.6.3.2.3.6.3.2.3. pppp\\\\kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: 6.3.2.4.6.3.2.4.6.3.2.4.6.3.2.4. al>kir sj<n miT[ pal>kir sj<n miT[ pal>kir sj<n miT[ pal>kir sj<n miT[ p\\\\kZ(tni[ upyi[g:kZ(tni[ upyi[g:kZ(tni[ upyi[g:kZ(tni[ upyi[g: 6.3.2.5.6.3.2.5.6.3.2.5.6.3.2.5. pppp\\\\kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN: 6.3.2.6.6.3.2.6.6.3.2.6.6.3.2.6. pppp\\\\kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n: 6.4.6.4.6.4.6.4. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[K'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[K'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[K'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l s>AkZ(t:iy[l s>AkZ(t:iy[l s>AkZ(t:iy[l s>AkZ(t: 6.4.1.6.4.1.6.4.1.6.4.1. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t: 6.4.2.6.4.2.6.4.2.6.4.2. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>Fji(tn) k>Fji(tn) k>Fji(tn) k>Fji(tn)

lix(Nktiai[:lix(Nktiai[:lix(Nktiai[:lix(Nktiai[: 6.4.3.6.4.3.6.4.3.6.4.3. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t----(rvij:(rvij:(rvij:(rvij: 6.4.4.6.4.4.6.4.4.6.4.4. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[: 6.4.5.6.4.5.6.4.5.6.4.5. 'amZ'amZ'amZ'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[lt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[lt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[lt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[----

uRsvi[:uRsvi[:uRsvi[:uRsvi[: 6.4.6.6.4.6.6.4.6.6.4.6. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l d>tkYiai[ d>tkYiai[ d>tkYiai[ d>tkYiai[----li[kkYiai[li[kkYiai[li[kkYiai[li[kkYiai[----

li[knZRyli[knZRyli[knZRyli[knZRy----li[kg)ti[:li[kg)ti[:li[kg)ti[:li[kg)ti[: 6.4.7.6.4.7.6.4.7.6.4.7. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: 6.4.8.6.4.8.6.4.8.6.4.8. 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l si'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l si'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l si'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l simi(jk p(rvt<nmi(jk p(rvt<nmi(jk p(rvt<nmi(jk p(rvt<n:::: 6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5. ups>hir:ups>hir:ups>hir:ups>hir:

310

pppp\\\\krN: krN: krN: krN: 6666

gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt[r s>tin"'amZt[r s>tin"'amZt[r s>tin"'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYi nvlkYi nvlkYi nvlkYimi> mi> mi> mi>

ail[Kiy[l pail[Kiy[l pail[Kiy[l pail[Kiy[l p\\\\kZ(t an[ s>AkZ(tkZ(t an[ s>AkZ(tkZ(t an[ s>AkZ(tkZ(t an[ s>AkZ(t

6.1: 6.1: 6.1: 6.1: pppp\\\\iiiiAtiAtiAtiAti((((vvvvkkkk::::

p\At&t p\krNmi> Birt)y BiPin) a[k mh_vn) BiPi ai[(Dyin) nvlkYi 'amZt[r

s>tin"n[ m*lvvini[ upk\m C[. t[ ph[li> t[ni sj<n ai[(Dyi nvlkYikir gi[p)niY mh>(tn&

Jvn an[ kvn dSi<v) ai[(Dyi nvlkYi si(hRyni[ (mtixr) p(rcy aipvini[ a[k p\yis

C[. ai(dvis) Jvn vN<vt) ‘amZt[r s>tin’ nvlkYimi> ai(dvis)ai[n) s>AkZ(t an[

a[mni (vAtirn) p\kZ(tn&> (n$pN krvimi aiÄy&> C[. ai[(rAsi rijyn) mi[Ti Bign) vAt)

(v(vF ai(dvis) ji(tai[n) C[. nvlkYi si(hRymi> ai ai(dvis) ji(tai[n&> Jvn

p\(t(b>(bt krvin&> ~[y kºh&crN mh>(t an[ gi[p)niY mh>(tn[ fiL[ jiy C[.

Birt)n) aºy BiPiai[n) j[mj ai[(Dyimi> nvlkYi si(hRyni[ p\ir>B pN a>g\[J

si(hRyni p\tip[ Yyi[ a[m kh) Skiy. aqirm) sd)mi> lKiy[l) v\jniY bdj[nin) 'ct&r`

(vni[d"n[ ai[(Dyi (vv[cki[ p\Ym nvlkYi tr)k[ uÃl[K[ C[. pr>t& p\ic)n p\(SOTtivid an[

pr>primi>Y) C*Tvini a[k s>k[t tr)k[ j t[n[ ji[E Skiy C[. ai[(Dyi si(hRymi> air>Bn)

nvlkYiai[ a](thi(sk ht) an[ kli(skl Qi>cin[ an&srt) ht). rimS>kr riy p\ir>(Bk

niTykir hi[vi upri>t t[mN[ nvlkYiai[ pN lK[l) C[. s[nip(ta[ nvlkYiai[ lKvi mi>D)

a[ni bir[k vP< agiu a[k gNnipi#i nvlkYi t[mN[ lK) k[ j[n&> nim C[ '(bvi(sn)".

ai[gN)sm) sd)ni a>tBigmi> an[ v)sm) sd)ni p\Ym Bigmi> s>AkZt S]l)a[ lKiy[l)

ni[>Fpi#i nvlkYiai[mi> '(byi(sn)" upri>t um[ScºW srkirn) 'pÞmil)" an[

gi[pilvÃlB disn) 'B)mi B*yi‡"ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[. ai[(Dyi si(hRyx[#i[ nvlkYi a[k

311

Avt>#i si(hRyp\kir tr)k[ p\(t(Oqt YE, pr>t& a[ni[ klid[h ti[ FDiyi[ fk)rmi[hn s[nip(tY).

ki[EpN jitn) si(h(Ryk k)(t<n) K[vni (sviy fk)rmi[hn[ mitZBiPi an[ mitZp\d[Sn)

mh_vn) s[vi bjiv) C[. t[mn) jiN)t) nvlkYi 'C miN aiq g&>q". ai smyni b)ji

mh_vni nvlkYikir tr)k[ (c>tim(N mihºt)n&> nim pN ni[>Fpi#i C[. a[mn) 'mi[(hn)"

nvlkYi ni[>Fpi#i gNiy C[. b)j&> nim nºd(kSi[r bln&> C[. t[mn) simi(jk nvlkYi

'knklti" gimDini si]>dy<n&> h*bh* (c#iN aip[ C[. v)sm) sd)ni p\Ym crNmi> a[k

l[(Kkia[ pi[tin) p\(tBiS(ktY) si] si(hRyr(ski[n&> ¹yin K[µy&> t[ C[ k&ºtlik&mir) sibt.

t[mn) mh_vn) nvlkYiai[mi> 'rG& ar>(xt", 'n an&ºD)" an[ 'kil) bh*"ni[ smiv[S Yiy

C[.

riFiniY an[ m&Fs*dnni an&yiy)ai[ v)sm) sd)n) ph[l) v)s) s&F) lKti rHi

pN ph[li dSkimi> j a[mn&> bL GT) gy&> an[ a[k nv&> g\&p a(AtRvmi> aiÄy&>. ai sRyvid)

g\&pni AYipk hti p>(Dt gi[pilb>F& dis. 'uRkl s(Àm(ln)" siY[ giQ r)t s>kLiy[l&> ai

l[KkvZ>d ai[(Dyin) p\ic)n ySi[giYini gin oiri ai[(Dyivis)ai[n[ a[k an[ a(vBi(jt

ai[(Dyin) Bivnin[ sikir kr[ a[v&> si(hRy sj<vi li³y&>. ai smygiLimi> nvlkYiai[

lKit) pN gNnipi#i n ht). nvlkYix[#i[ mh_vn&> p\din ti[ a[ pC) aivnir sb*j

g\&pni l[Kki[a[ ky&<>. 'sb*j" tr)k[ ai[LKiti ai m>DLni l[Kki[ upr rv)ºWniYn) p\Bivk

asr pD) C[. t[mni m&Kp#in&> nim ht&> 'y&gv)Ni". ai bLviKi[r j*Yni l[Kki[mi>

ki(lºd)crN pi(Ng\ih), aºndiS>kr r[, v]k&>qniY pTniyk, h(rhr mhipi#i, Srt m&KJ<

vg[r[ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[. ai sb*ji[a[ sim*(hk l[Knni p\yi[g tr)k[ 'bisºt)" nim[ a[k

nvlkYi lK) t[ ai[(Dyi si(hRymi> a[k mh_vn) nvlkYi gNiy C[.

ki(lºd)crNn) 'miT)r m(NP" klikZ(t tr)k[ U>c) ki[(Tn) an[ K*b li[k(p\y n)vD[l)

nvlkYi C[. fk)rmi[hnn) pr>prin[ ai nvlkYi aigL lE jiy C[. ki(lºd)crN[ 'l&hir

m(NP", 'amr(c#i", 'm&kti DrxFi" ai(d nvlkYiai[ lK) C[. sb*j dl k[ a[vi ki[E b)ji

dlmi> ji[Diyi (vni ai smygiLimi> Avy>Af*rNiY) Si>tpN[ l[Knkiy< krniri l[Kki[mi>

k\i(ºt)kir) k(v an[ viti<l[Kk gi[divr)S mhipi#i[ 'rktpit", 'rijWi[h" ai(d nvlkYiai[

312

lK) C[. gi>F)vid) (vcirsrN)ni a[k aigLni pg(Yyi tr)k[ p\g(tS)l si(hRyn) cLvL

aiv). sb*j dlni j k[Tlik l[Kki[ ai nv) p\vZ(_i siY[ s>kLiyi. mik<̀s an[ f\iEDn)

(vcirFirini[ y&vin bi](Üki[ upr jbri[ p\Biv pDyi[. nvlkYiai[mi> Dib[r) (vcirsrN)ni[

p\Biv ji[r pkDvi li³yi[. ai dlni l[Kki[ pi[tin[ 'jntini k(v" tr)k[ ai[LKivvi li³yi.

a[ni ag\N) hti Bgvt)crN pi(Ng\h). ai dlni si[Y) vFir[ p\Bivk l[Kk hti k(v Sc)

riutriy. t[ai[ sim\ijyvid an[ m*D)vid (vr&Ü ug\tiY) pi[tini (vciri[ rj* krti. t[mn)

nvlkYiai[mi> simi(jk Ø(OTki[N ag\AYin[ hi[y C[. t[mn) 'p*(N<mi", 'pY[" an[ '(c#ig&¼t"

nvlkYiai[ jiN)t) C[.

ai[(Dyi nvlkYimi> mh_vn&> p\din krnir p\(tBiSih) sj<k gi[p)niY mh>(t C[.

a[mni[ jºm 20m) a[(p\l, 1914mi> kTk-ai[(rsi Kit[ Yyi[ hti[. t[mn[ 'amZt[r s>tin"

nimn) nvlkYi miT[ 1955ni vP<ni[ Birt)y si(hRy akidm) p&rAkir p\i¼t Yyi[ hti[. k[

j[ a[mni[ gi]rvg\>Y pN gNiy C[. t[mN[ SiLi (SxN si[n[p&rimi> l)F&> ht&>. 1930 mi> m[(T^k

YE 1935mi> kTkn) rh[vn y&(nv(s<T)mi>Y) t[mN[ a>g\[J si(hRy siY[ a[m.a[.mi> (vS[P

g&Nv_ii m[Lv) ht). aiE.s).a[s. Yvin) aYvi p\i¹yipk bnvin) mh[µCi Cti> ai(Y<k

kirNi[sr 1938mi> ai[(rsi srkirn) simiºy pgirn) ni[kr) t[mn[ Av)kir) l)F) ht). j&di

j&di hi[Ñiai[ pr frj bjiÄyi pC) t[ai[ uµc pdi(Fkir) bºyi an[ 1969mi> s[vi(nvZ_i

Yyi. t[ai[ si(hRy akidm)ni s¿y pN rh) c*kyi hti. 1930 Y) 1940 ni vPi[<

dr(myin t[mni pr f\i[EDni mni[(vÅl[PNni[, r(Syn k\i>(t an[ gi>F)Jn) riOT^)y cLvLni[

p\Biv pDyi[ hti[. gi[k)< an[ ri[mi> ri[li> t[mni (p\y l[Kk hti.

1936Y) a[mni l[Knkiy<ni[ air>B Yyi[ hti[. 1938mi> p\gT Yy[l) 'mng(hrr

cis" nimn) nvlkYi a[mn) p\Ym nvlkYi ht). t[mN[ k&l 21 nvlkYiai[, 2 c(r#ig\>Yi[,

8 T*>k) viti<ni s>g\hi[, 2 niTki[, 1 (nb>Fs>g\h upri>t ai(dvis) BiPi prni 6 (vv[cng\>Yi[

l²yi C[. srkir) ni[kr) dr(myin gr)b ai(dvis)ai[, pdd(lt ki[mi[ an[ up[(xt

ji(tai[n) njr[ (nhiL[l #iisjnk hilt t[mj srkir) t>#i an[ svNi[< oiri Yt) t[mn)

up[xi pr aiFi(rt t[mn) 3 m&²y nvlkYiai[mi> 'prji", 'amZt[r s>tin" an[

313

'mi(TmTil"ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[. t[mn[ ai(dvis) smAyini tj`X minvimi aiv[ C[.

ai[(rsini g\imJvnn[ vN) l[t) ~[Oq kZ(t 'mi(TmTil" a[k s&d)F< nvlkYi C[. t[n[ p*r)

krti> t[mn[ 10 vP<ni[ smy li³yi> hti>. ai upri>t 'd(Db&Ü", 'rih&r Ciyi", 'h(rjn" vg[r[

t[mn) mh_vn) nvlkYiai[ C[. t[mN[ pi[t)k) S]l)a[ nvlkYiai[ lK). pi[tin[ j[ sic&> lig[

t[ (nB)<kpN[ rj* kr)n[ t[mN[ vAt& an[ r)(t prRv[ nvi[ c)li[ piDyi[. ai[(rsini> j>gli[mi>

vst) ai(dvis) p\jin[ t[mN[ (vPy tr)k[ ps>d kr). simi(jk-rijk)y p\âni[n[ cc<t)

ai[(Dyi nvlkYiai[ krti> gi[p)niYn) nvlkYiai[ j&d) tr) aiv[ C[. t[mn[ (vp&l

si(hRys[vi bdl 1970mi> 'si[(vy[T l[ºD nh[r& p&rAkir" an[ 1974mi> 'Xinp)q p&rAkir"

a[niyt Yyi. 1976mi> D). (lT`.n) pdv)Y) tYi 1981mi> 'pÞB*PN" p&rAkirY) t[mn&>

bh&min krvimi aiÄy&>.

gi[p)niYni mi[TiBiE kiºh&crN mh>(t pN bh&s>²y p&Atki[ni l[Kk C[. t[mn)

nvlkYiai[n) s>²yi GN) mi[T) C[. ni[>Fpi#i nvlkYiai[ni[ uÃl[K kr)a[ ti[ 'plitk",

'bil) rij", '(nOp(_i", 'hi aºn", 'ai[lT plT", 'B*(l" an[ 'z>zi"n[ gNv) pD[. t[mN)

'ki" nvlkYin[ si(hRy akidm)n&> pi(rti[(Pk mÇy&> C[. k[Tlik (vv[cki[n[ mt[ t[mn) 'Si(At"

{sji} nvlkYi a(Fk klip*N< C[. aºy uÃl[Kn)y nvlkYiai[mi> kmlikiºt disn) 'biu"

{mi}, h(ráºW bidln) 'd[Sk Dik" {d[Sni[ p&kir}, sRyin>d b$ain) ai[(Dyini pi(rvi(rk

Jvnn&> (c#iN aipt) 'sibt mi"ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[. Avit>#yi[_ir kiLmi> ai[(Dyi

nvlkYimi> p\jin) hilik) an[ B³niSpNin&> p\(t(b>b pDy&> C[. lx)Fr niyk rimp\sid

(s>hin) nvlkYiai[mi> Avit>#y pC) Birt)y p\jin[ F[r) vL[l) (nriSin&> (n$pN C[. s&r[ºW

mihºt) 'a>F (dg>t" Avit>#yi[_ir ai[(DSini[ simi(jk-rijk)y e(this ail[K[ C[. Xin)ºW

vmi<, n)lm(N Sih*, FnÆyim (m~i, sntk&mir aiciy< vg[r[ nvlkYikiri[a[ aiF&(nk

(nriSividn&> (n$pN ky&<> C[. aim, ai[(Dyi nvlkYi si(hRy hil s&F) (vPyvAt& an[

r)(tn) Ø(OTa[ nv)nti diKv) C[. s>²yin) Ø(OTa[ pN a[mi> siri[ a[vi[ j&viL ji[vi mL[ C[.

6.2: 6.2: 6.2: 6.2: gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct nvlkYi 'amZt[r s>tin":gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct nvlkYi 'amZt[r s>tin":gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct nvlkYi 'amZt[r s>tin":gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct nvlkYi 'amZt[r s>tin":

314

gi[p)niY mh>(ta[ ai[(Dyi si(hRyn&> vh[N bdÃy&>. nvi p\vihni p\ir>Bkir tr)k[

ai[(Dyi si(hRymi> t[mn&> AYin mh_vn&> C[. ai[(Dyi si(hRyni 'sb*j" g\*pY) tÑn j&d) a[v)

S(ktSiL) gwS]l) mh>(ta[ (npjiv) C[. t[mn) S]l) upr Avk)y Äy(ktRvn) m&Wi Uq[l)

C[. gi[p)niY mh>(t r(ct 'amZt[r s>tin" ai[(Dyi si(hRymi> p\Ym p>(ktmi> AYin Friv[

a[v) nvlkYi C[. ai[(rsin) d(xNmi> aiv[li ki[Tip&r (jÃlini U>ci pv<ti[ni (n(bD

j>gli[mi> vst) k>F ji(tni Jvnni uplxmi> t[mn) ai nvlkYi lKiE C[. smg\

nvlkYimi> k>F ji(t a[k pi#i tr)k[ aiv[ C[. k>F p\d[Sn) p\ikZ(tk páid`B*mi> nvlkYi

aikir l[ C[ an[ a[ Ø(OTa[ pN a[n&> mh_v C[. k>F ji(tn&> Äy(ktRv ai p\ikZ(tk páid`B*mi>

j GDiy&> C[. k>F ji(t an[ k>F li[ki[a[ ai p\kZ(tni>-amZtni> j s>tini[ C[. l[Kk Si miT[

a[mn[ 'amZtni s>tini[" gN[ C[ a[ (vS[ Bi[LiBiE pT[l kh[ C[ t[m: ''ai[(Dyi nvlkYikir

gi[p)niY mhiºt)n) 'amZts>tin" nvlkYimi> j[ amZts>tini[n) kYi C[ t[mn) pis[ aij[y

up(nPdn&> aili[kp\i¼t dS<n nY), nY) Xin-(vXinn) d)(¼t. a[Tl[ amZtp\ji kh[vDivvin)

t[mn) yi[³yti t[mn) srl, p\ikZ(tk an[ ai(dm Jvnr)(tn[ l)F[ C[.""1111

ai[(rsini d(xNBigmi> aiv[li #iN gimDi> upr l[Kkn) njr qr) C[. À·yipiy&,

b>(dkir an[ (B>g(T>k. ai nvlkYimi> k>F li[ki[ni Jvnni> ain>d-(vPid, s&K-d&:K, r)(t-

(rvij, ji(t(cºhi[, ji(t(nP[Fi[, aiAYi-(vVis ap*v< r)t[ nvlkYimi> g*>YiE gyi> C[.

ah)>ni phiDpv<ti[, zrNi>, t[mni> s>giY) vZxi[ an[ vºy p\iN)ai[, ah)>n) svir, m¹yih`nni[

ri]Wp\Kr tip, hiD Y)jiv) d[ t[v) q>D), m&SLFir vrsid, Utrt) si>j, giQ a>Fkir, ci>dn)

(ntrt) ci>dn), ah)>ni> B*tp\[t vg[r[ sJv YE Uqyi C[. ai upri>t À·yipiy&ni[ m&K)

srb* si>vti[, t[ni[ p&#i (duD* an[ p&#ivF& p&y*, p&#i) p&b&l) an[ srb*ni[ BiE l[j& k>F,

pi[tini pr bLRkir g&jrti> Yy[li a[k mi#i v[Lini jit)y s>Bi[gni ain>dn[ vigi[L)n[

(nv)<y p(tn) siY[ Jvn g&jirt) si[nd[E, m[dini[n) r)tBit an[ kim(vwi S)K) aiv[l)

(pyi[T), aikiSni tiriai[n) g(t mi¼yi krti[ jyi[(tP), p\[tn[ pN Dr lig[ t[v) b[Di[L

b[j&N) vg[r[ pi#ii[ pN Jv>t YE Uqyi C[.

315

nvlkYin) pi#isZ(Ot v](v¹ysBr hi[vi Cti> pN viAtvmi> ai nvlkYi pi#ip\Fin k[

GTnip\Fin hi[vi krti> vitivrNp\Fin (vS[P C[. nvlkYikir simi(jk p\âi[n) cci< krti

hi[y a[v&> ligti hi[vi Cti> k>F p\d[Sni li[ki[ an[ a[mn) Jv>t s>AkZ(tni> (vF(vF $pi[n[

Cti> krvini[ t[mni[ aiSy Cti[ Yyi (sviy rh[ti[ nY). l[Kk[ li[kg)ti[n) y#it#i vPi< kr)

C[. pr>prigt miºytiai[n[ kliRmk r)t[ g*>Y) l)F) C[. k>F ji(tni> a>F(vVis, miºytiai[,

viykiai[ a[ bF&> j K*b)Y) ai nvlkYimi> ail[Knni (vPy bºyi C[. nvlkYimi>

smkil)n GTnini[ ki[E s>dB< p\AtZt nY). ji[ k[ bhirn) d&(nyi siY[ s>pk< AYpiti v[>t ai

ai(dm ji(tmi> aivnir p(rvt<nn) kÃpni l[Kk[ kr) C[ Kr). k>F ji(tni ai ai(dvis)ai[

(vS[ l[Kk pi[t[ Bi[LiBiE pT[l siY[ Yy[l) m&likitmi> jNiv[ C[: ''1940mi> mir)

ki[Tip&rimi> (nmN*>k YE... Ryi>ni ai(dvis)ai[n[ ji[En[ a[k) siY[ ain>d an[ aiGitn[

an&Bv Yyi[. ain>d a[Tli miT[ Yyi[ k[ ai ai(dvis) p\ji uÃlisY) sBr ht), srL an[

(nOkpT ht), an[ s>g)t(p\y ht). ai ki[rip&T-jyi> 10 f*Tn&> pN l[vl g\iuºD n mL[. U>ci

phiDi[ an[ U>D) K)Ni[. (SyiLimi> giQ F&Àms. piN) brf bn) jiy. ci[misimi> Bir[ vPi<.

Ryi>ni ai ki[>F ai(dvis)ai[-ji[mv>ti. pN a[mn[ ji[E aiGit[y a[Tli[ li³yi[, k[m k[ ki[E

pN p\ji aiTl) d(rW hi[y, aiTl) Si[(Pt hi[y a[ kÃpni bhirn) vit ht). t[mnimi> an[k

vh[m. ki[E mi>di[ pD[ ti[ ki[E d[v-d[v) k[ ki[E p*v<(jy&> min[. aij[ pN t[ai[ v][(dk r)(tY) aig

p[Tiv[ C[, (dvisL) nY) viprti.""2222 l[Kkn) Bi[LiBiE siY[ Yy[l) ai vitc)tmi> j ai

ai(dvis) li[ki[n) lix(Nktiai[ p\gT Yiy C[. a[ upri>t ah)>n) p\kZ(tn&> (c#i pN aipN)

sim[ Ups) aiv[ C[. gr)biE an[ ai(dvis) jiN[ k[ (skkin) b[ bij&ai[ n hi[y. smg\

Birtmi> ji[Ea[ ti[ aizid)ni smygiLi dr(myin ji[vi mLt) ai hk)kt C[ an[ b)J

hk)kt t[ a[ k[ srkir) a(Fkir)ai[ an[ sv<Ni[ oiri Yt&> a[mn&> Si[PN an[ dmn.

'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYin) cci< kr)a[ an[ p\kZ(tni vN<ni[ (vS[ kS) cci< n kr)a[

ti[ cci< aF&r) kh[viy. aim pN miri s>Si[Fnni[ a[k (vPy ti[ Birt)y nvlkYiai[mi>

p\kZ(t (n$pN ti[ C[ j. j[m k>F ji(t ah)> a[k pi#i C[ t[m b)j&> pi#i C[ ah)>n) p\kZ(t. a[

b>n[ vµc[ni tidiRÀyn) ai kYi C[. p\kZ(t (n$pN smg\tiY) Yy&> C[. ai p\kZ(t mi#i s&>dr j

316

nY), BÄy pN C[ an[ siY[ siY[ Byink pN C[. p\kZ(tni b)hD an[ rmN)y Av$pi[

ai>Ki[mi> a>jiE jiy C[. l[Kk[ ah)> p\kZ(t an[ ät&ck\ (vS[ (vAtirY) ail[Kn ky&<> C[.

(n$p[xr)(ta[ an[ sip[xr)(ta[ a[m b>n[ r)t[ l[Kkn[ p\kZ(t (n$pN krti ji[E Skiy C[.

m[Liai[ an[ uRsvi[-th[viri[ni vN<nmi> pN l[Kk[ p\ikZ(tk p(rv[Sn[ s&>dr r)t[ Äykt kr[ C[.

minv Bivi[n[ Äykt krvi miT[ pN sj<k[ p\kZ(tni[ aiFir l)Fi[ C[. nvlkYimi>Y) psir Yyi

bid (c_imi> b[ j vAt&ai[ CviE jiy C[ a[k C[ p\kZ(t an[ b)J C[ k>F ji(t.

6.3: 6.3: 6.3: 6.3: 'amZt[r s>tin"'amZt[r s>tin"'amZt[r s>tin"'amZt[r s>tin"mi> ail[Kiy[l pmi> ail[Kiy[l pmi> ail[Kiy[l pmi> ail[Kiy[l p\\\\kZ(tkZ(tkZ(tkZ(t: : : :

ai[(Dyi nvlkYimi> 'amZt[r s>tin"mi> j[ p\kZ(t (n$pN Yy&> C[ a[n) cci< ah)> hiY

Fr)S&>. aipN[ aigL ji[y&> t[m p\kZ(t (n$pN m&²yRv[ b[ r)t[ Yiy C[: a[k ti[ (nrp[xr)t[

an[ b)j&> sip[xr)t[. p\Ym ti[ aipN[ (nrp[xr)t[ Yti p\kZ(t (n$pNn[ ji[ES&>.

6.3.1: 6.3.1: 6.3.1: 6.3.1: (n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p(n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p(n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p(n$p[xr)t[ Yt&> p\\\\kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:

nvlkYini air>BY) j p\kZ(t vN<ni[ ji[vi mL[ C[. l[Kk ail[K[ C[: ''(ngih[> (jtn) d*r

tk ji pit) h]>, utn) d*r tk (zl(ml-(zl(ml hlki k&hisi h]. us hlk[ k&hr[ k[ B)tr tn[-tn[ n&k)l[

phiD h]. phiDi[> k[ tl[-tl[ an(gnt lh(ryi[> k) trh pi[l) g&fiE<> h], KÏ h], zrn[ h]>.""3333 jyi> s&F)

njr phi[>ct) ht) Ryi> s&F) F&Àms f[liy[l&> ht&>. a[ F&Àmsn) vµc[ uB[li-s)Fi phiDi[. ai

phiDi[n) tL[T)ai[mi> k[Tk[Tl)y g*fiai[-KiDiai[ an[ zrNiai[ hti. l[Kk (nrp[xr)t[ p\kZ(t

(n$pN kr[ C[.

pi[tini[ b)ji[ jºm YS[ k[ nh)> a[ (vS[ (vcir krti[ srb* si>vti mitZB*(mn) s&>drti

(vS[ kh[ C[: ''es s&ºdr milB*(m k[ aRyºt s&ºdr r>g-(br>g[ phiDi[> k) gi[d m[> Af(Tk k) trh AvµC

zrn[ h]>. ciri[> ai[r hl(dyi r>g k[ aDs) k[ p)l[-p)l[ f*l CiE h]>. aDs) ki mF& l[kr mF&-m(±Kyi‡

d)viri[> tk m[> C_i[ lgin[ m[> ÄyAt h]>.""4444 ai s&>dr milB*(mni a>Ryt s&>dr r>gb[r>g) phiDi[ni

Ki[L[ Af(Tk j[v&> AvµC zrNin&> piN) C[. cir[ bij& p)Li r>gni aDs) {a[k jitn&> p&Op}ni

317

f*l K)Ãyi C[. aDs)n&> mF c&s) mFmiK)ai[ (dvili[mi> pN mFp*Di bnivvimi> ÄyAY C[. j[

phiD) (vAtirmi> srb* si>vti rh[ C[ t[n) s>&drtin&> (n$pN l[Kk ah)> kr[ C[. aigL (n$p[

C[: ''aDs) k[ p)l[-p)l[ f*li[> s[ sj[-s>vr[ y[ Qilvin h]>, y[ Ci[T[-Ci[T[ Qil& phiD h]>. hr[-n)l[ kmrK

k) trh k[ U‡c[-n)c[ en phiDi[> k[ Upr y[ r>g-(br>g[ hlk[-f*lk[ Q)l[-Qil[ m[G h].""5555 aDs)ni

p)Li-p)Li f*li[Y) SNgiriy[li ai Qi[Livi[ C[, nini-nini QLti phiDi[ C[. U>ci-n)ci

phiDi[n) upr r>gb[r>g) hlki-p*lki vidLi[ C[. pi[tin) ai k>F B*(m an[ a[ni pr p\kZ(tn)

j[ CTi (vK[riy[l) C[ t[n&> (n$pN l[Kk srb*ni m&K[ kr[ C[. pi[P m(hnin) svirn&> ØÆy

(n$pti l[Kk kh[ C[: ''p*s k) F*p m[> (tt(lyi‡ uD rh) h]>. n jin[ (ktn[ jin[-anjin[ vn-f*li[> k)

di]>k)-di]>k) g>F m‡h-m‡h krt) air h) h]. vn-d[S k) apn) (nj) g>F h] yh. simn[ k[ phiD k[ Upr

F*p lhr rh) h]. gi‡v U>G rhi h]>.""6666 pi[P misni tDkimi> p>t(gyiai[ U>D) rHi C[. n jiN[

k[Tliy vnf*li[n) s&>gF vh) rh) C[. vnd[Sn) pi[tin) a[k s&>gF hi[y C[. sim[ni phiD pr

tDki[ Utr) aiÄyi[ C[. gim hj& U>F) rH&> C[. aim l[Kk k>F ji(tni p\d[Sn[ aipN) sim[

p\kZ(tvN<n oiri tiÑS kr[ C[ a[k a[vi[ p\d[S k[ j[ k&drt) s&>drtiY) smZÜ C[. k&drt) s&>drti

ti[ C[ pN siY[ siY[ a[ni Byink $pi[ni dS<n pN ah)> aipNn[ Yiy C[.

srb* si>vtini mZRy& bid ai ar·y gimmi> a>Fir&> pYriy&> C[ a[ smyni d&:Kd

vitivrN&> (c#i rj* krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''d*r-d*r k[ p[D ai]r phiD, ji[ (dn k[ smy F*p

k) ckici]>F m[> (bliE rht[ h]>, ykiyk p\kT hi[ uq[. lil-lil lk)ri[>vil[ (d³vly k) pZOqB*(m m[> unk)

F&‡Fl) aikZ(t k&C d[r tk sif-sif (dKt) rh). k&C d[r yi[> h) (dKt[ rhn[ k[ bid (fr v[ sB) a‡(Fyir[

k[ sigr m[> D*b gE. rit hi[ ge<.""7777 (dvs[ s*y<ni tDki[ a>jiyn[ (krNi[n) cmkmi> ji[E n Skiti

d*r-d*rni vZxi[ an[ phiDi[ a[kia[k p\gT YE gyi. (sºd&rvN<n) r[Kiai[n) pZOqB*(mmi>

F*>FL)-F*>FL) a[mn) aikZ(t ApAT d[Kit) ht). Yi[Di smy d[Kiyi pC) fr) a>Fkir$p)

sigrmi> D*b) gyi. rit YE gE.

ai ar·y (vAtir k[vi[ C[ a[ni (vS[ nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''di[ni> ai[r k[ S*ºy m[> k&hr[

ki sigr (hli[r[> mir rhi h]. us k&hr[ k[ tl[ n jin[ (ktn[ agm-(vjn vn (Cp[ pD[ h]>. n jin[ (ktn[ s*n[

pi‡tr h]>, biGi[> k[ crivr ai]r (hrni[> k) crgih[> (Cp) h&e< h]>. s*rj k[vl Upr-h)-Upr (vksi h]. n)c[

318

k[ tli[> m[> unk) (krNi[> k) p]q nh)> h], F*p ki nim nh)> h]. k[vl a‡F[r[ zrn h], ji[ si‡y-si‡y krt[,

f*(hyi[> k[ t*fin uqit[ bh[ c>l[ ji rh[ h].""8888 k>d Si[Fvi phiDi[ pr gy[l) p&y*n) ai>K[ nvlkYikir

ai ghn-(vjn ar·y (vAtirni[ p(rcy Bivkn[ kriv[ C[. b>n[ bij& F*Àms f[liy[l&> ht&>. a[

F*Àmsn) n)c[ n jiN[ k[Tliy ghn-(vjn vni[ C*piy[li hti. n jiN[ k[Tl)y s*n) K)Ni[

ht), viGn[ (Skir krvin) an[ hrNiai[n[ crvin) j³yi a[mi> C&piy[l) ht). s*rj fkt

vZxi[n) upr-upr j ajviL&> piYrti[. vZxi[n[ B[d)n[ a[ni (krN jm)n s&F) jE Skti nY).

Ryi> tDkin&> nimi[(nSin nY). fkt a>Fir)yi zrNiai[ C[, j[ai[ kL-kL krti vh[ti rh[ C[.

ah)>ni ai vni[ a[Tli bFi giQ C[ k[ jyi> s*rj pN p\v[S) Skti[ nY).

pi[P misni th[vir[ aiv[li (mD`(TD` gimni y&vini[ uRsvn) ujvN) kr) fr) piCi

pi[tini gim fr C[ Ryir[ j>gli[n) Si[Bi, p\kZ(tni rÀy-ri]W $pi[n[ ail[Kti nvlkYikir kh[

C[: ''j>gl b[trh Gni hi[ gyi h] ai]r K*b bQi h]. jiDi[> k[ (dni[> m[> j>gl ¶yidi hi[ti h) h]. (grl) k[

lil-lil f*li[> n[ di[ni[> ai[r lil ri[Sn)-s) kr rK) h]. z&>D-k[-z&>D si‡Br (grl) k[ f*l Kin[ k[ (lE

phiDi[> s[ utrt[ h]>. riAti di[ni[> ai[r k[ j>gli[> k) s>(F k[ Upr s)Fi cli gyi h]. (jGr d[Ki[ uGr h) Q[r-

k[-Q[r pRYr h]>. kh)> GiT) h], ti[ kh)> KDi Qlvin h]. kh)>-kh)> Ci[T[-Ci[T[ zrn[ h]. unk[ B)tr ti[ j>gl

ai]r B) a>Gkirmy h]>.""9999 b[S& k>F an[ a[mni siY)ai[ piCi pi[tini gim fyi< C[ Ryir[

nvlkYikir p\kZ(tn&> vN<n kr[ C[. j>gl g)c an[ giQ Yt&> gy&>. aim pN S)yiLini

(dvsi[mi> j>gl g)c ti[ hi[y j C[. (grl) {a[k jitn&> f*l}ni lil-lil f*li[a[ lil r>gn)

ri[Sn) jiN[ f[liv) ht). Ti[Lini Ti[Li sibri[ ai (grl)ni f*li[n[ Kivi phiDi[ prY) utr)

aivti hti. rAtin) b>n[ bij&ni j>gli[ KiEmi>Y) s)Fi f[liy[li C[. jyi> jyi[ Ryi> p¸Yr n[

p¸Yr. kyi>k KiE C[ ti[ kyi>k KiDiai[. kyi>k kyi>k nini-nini zrNiai[ C[. a[n) aigL ti[

j>gl vF&n[ vF& a>Fkirmy bn) jt&> lig[ C[. aim nvlkYikir ai (bhD-giQ j>glni[

p(rcy Bivkn[ kriv[ C[.

gimn) A#i)ai[ siY[ p&y* likDi (vNvi n)kL[ C[. Ryir[ nvlkYikir p\kZ(tn&> (n$pN

krti vN<v[ C[: ''F*p Ql rh) Y). Bir) j>gl h]. sK&E ai]r bi>s ki j>gl. n)c[ pRYri[> k[ Q[r h]> jhi‡-

thi‡. jhi‡-thi> s*K) Di(lyi[> ai]r s*K[ bi‡si[> k[ a>bir pD[ h]. d)mk lg rh[ h]> unm[>. es j>gl s[ bi‡s

319

kiTkr bihr nh)> l[ jiti ki[e<. Bi‡(t-Bi‡(t k) ji(yi[> k[ bi‡s h].""10101010 tip vF) rHi[ hti[ a[vi smy[

a[ai[ j>glmi> jiy C[. K*b g)c j>gl ht&>. sK&a[ an[ vi>sni j>gli[ hti. n)c[ p¸Yri[ni

Qgliai[ jyi> Ryi> hti. jyi> Ryi> s&K) DiL)ai[ an[ vis pD[li hti. a[mi> uFE lig) gE

ht). ai j>glmi>Y) ki[E vis kip)n[ n lE jt&>. jitjitni vis ah)>> hti a[m

nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[.

k>F p\d[Smi> Briti D&>big&Di bjir[ À·yip&yi an[ aij&bij& gimni ai(dvis) li[ki[

jiy C[. Ryir[ rAtimi> p\kZ(tni (v(vF $pi[ an[ a[ni si]>dy<n&> (c#iN krti nvlkYikir vN<v[

C[: ''j>gli[> k[ tl[-tl[ n jin[ (ktn[ p\kir k[ f*l h]>, ltiE‡ h]>, g&Ãm h]>. jh)>-th)> Ci[T[-Ci[T[ T&kTi[> m[>

(vS[P-(vS[P p\kir k[ j>gl h]‘‘‘ b*Q[ phiD k[ fT[ hi[qi[> s[ zr-zr-zr-zr pin) c* rhi h]. jhi‡-jhi‡

pin) zrti h], vhi‡-vhi‡ f*li[> k[ vn h]‘‘‘ ciri[> ai[r mF&m(±Kyi‡ uDt) (fr rh) h]> ai]r unki g&ng&n-g&ng&n

gin s&nie< pD rhi h]. jgh-jgh anjin) j>gl) n(dyi[> k) si‡y-si‡y si[>-si[> aivij s&nie< pDn[ lg

jit) h].""11111111 j>glmi> jyi>-Ryi> k[Tli>y p\kirni f*li[ an[ ltiai[ C[. jyi>-Ryi> nini

T*kDiai[mi> jit-jitn&> j>gl. phiDmi>Y) zr-zr piN) vh[ C[. jyi>-Ryi> piN)ni zrNiai[ C[

an[ t[ t[ j³yia[ f*li[ni vni[ pN C[. ci[trf mFmiK)ai[ uD) rh) C[. q[r-q[r ajiN) j>gl)

nd)ai[ pN vh) rh) C[.

ai ar·y p\d[Sn) pri[Qn&> ØÆy a>(kt krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''Upr s[ F*p k)

phl) (krN[> F)r[-F)r[ tl[ k) Gi(Tyi[> m[> utr rh) h]>. hlki k&hri pD rhi h]. jiDi hi[ (k grm), es

pqir) d[S m[> Bi[r k[ smy birhi[> mis E[si h) k&hri pDi krti h].""12121212 uprY) s*y<n) ph[l) (krNi[

F)m[ F)m[ K)Ni[mi> utrvi lig). hÃk&> F&Àms pD) rH&> ht&>. q>D) hi[y k[ grm) ai phiD)

(vAtirmi> svirni smy[ bir[ mis F&Àms ti[ pDt&> j hi[y C[. ai phiD) (vAtirmi> fsl

pikvini smy[ p\kZ(t k[v) hi[y C[ t[ (n$pti nvlkYikir kh[ C[: ''pqir pr rit k) q>D utr

aie<. Si>(t Ci ge<. T[kr) k[ T)l[> k[ Upr Ek aig-Br jlt) rh) ai]r aili[k f]lit) rh). d*r phiDi[>

pr E[s[ h) jin[ (ktn[ aliv rh-rh kr lpT[> l[ uqt[ h]>. d*r k) aig sdi h) bD) s&ºdr lgt) h].""13131313

phiDi[ pr ri#i[ q>D) pDvi lig) C[. bF[ Si>(t Cviy[l) C[. T[kr)ai[ pr bLt) aig ajviL&

f[liv) rh) ht). d*rni phiDi[ pr k[Tl)y j³yia[ a(³n rh) rh)n[ sLg) Uqt) ht). d*rn)

320

a(³n sdi s&>dr j ligt) hi[y C[. aim nvlkYikr (nrp[xr)t[ p\kZ(t (n$pN krti ji[E

Skiy C[.

6.3.2: 6.3.2: 6.3.2: 6.3.2: sip[xr)t[ Yt&> psip[xr)t[ Yt&> psip[xr)t[ Yt&> psip[xr)t[ Yt&> p\\\\kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:kZ(t (n$pN:

sip[xr)t[ Yti p\kZ(t vN<n (v(vF p\kiri[ C[ a[ni aiFir[ aipN[ cci< kr)S&>.

6.3.2.1: 6.3.2.1: 6.3.2.1: 6.3.2.1: pppp\\\\kZ(t (n$pN: minvBivi[ Äykt krvi miT[kZ(t (n$pN: minvBivi[ Äykt krvi miT[kZ(t (n$pN: minvBivi[ Äykt krvi miT[kZ(t (n$pN: minvBivi[ Äykt krvi miT[::::

nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''k>(Fyi Bie<, milB*(m pr tn kr KD[ phiD k) trh U‡ci tYi

aikiS k) trh udir ai]r srl hi[ti h].""14141414 k>F li[ki[n) lix(Nktiai[ dSi<vvi miT[ ah)> p\kZ(tni[

upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ C[. k>F ji(tni li[ki[ pv<tn) j[m U>ci C[ an[ aikiSn) j[m udir

an[ srL hi[y C[. p&y* pi[tini yi]vnni (dvsi[n[ yid kr[ C[ Ryir[ nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[:

''vh (ttl) k) trh pvn-lh(ryi[> m[> p>K Ki[l[ uDt) (frt) Y).""15151515 a[ pt>(gyin) j[m pvn-

lh[r)ai[mi> pi>K Ki[l) UDt) rh[t) ht). p&y*ni yi]vnni trvriTn[ l[Kk pt>(gyi siY[

srKiv[ C[. p&y*ni mi[Bivni[n[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C: ''mn k[ B)tr k[vl hlk[

bidli[> si k&C (trn[-utrin[ lgti h].""16161616 p&y* pi[tini (vS[ (vcir[ C[. p\Ym vKt pi[tini mnni

mN)yirn[ ji[En[ a[N[ (pyrn[ B*lvi miDy&> ht&>. hv[ a[ a[k biLkn) miti C[. pi[tini

biLkn[ ji[En[ hv[ a[ pi[tini p(tn[ pN jiN[ B*l) jt) n hi[y a[m a[n[ lig[ C[. a[ni

mni[Bivi[ vidLi[n) j[m UD) rHi C[.

p&y*n) mn:(AY(tn[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''mr&B*(m k) tpt) r[t pr ai‡s&

Qiln[ ki j) nh)> hi[ti.""17171717 j[ni ãdymi> ki[E s>v[dni j nY) a[vi Äy(kt sim[ ai>s& sirvi a[

(nrY<k bibt C[ a[m p&y*n[ lig[ C[. b[j&N)ni mZRy& bid À·yipiy& gim trf jti li[ki[ni

mni[Bivi[n[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir jNiv[ C[: ''sB) k[ c[hri[> pr, sB) k) ai‡Ki[> m[> Ym[ m[Gi[>-

j]s) Cie< h], ki[e< Ek-j]s) h) ghrie< h].""18181818 viG[ b[j&N)n) hRyi kr), Ryir bid ai phiD)

(vAtirni li[ki[ni mni[Bivn[ Äykt krti l[Kk a[mni ch[ri an[ ai>Ki[ pr j[ (c>ti

321

Cviy[l) C[ a[n[ aikiSmi> Cviy[li m[G siY[ srKiv[ C[. kEk a[k j[v) j U>DiE k[ ghnti

a[mni ch[riai[ pr Cviy[l) C[.

6.3.2.2: 6.3.2.2: 6.3.2.2: 6.3.2.2: pppp\\\\kZ(t (n$pN: pkZ(t (n$pN: pkZ(t (n$pN: pkZ(t (n$pN: páid`B* tr)k[:áid`B* tr)k[:áid`B* tr)k[:áid`B* tr)k[:

nvlkYikir À·yipiy& gimni p(rv[Sni[ (ctir aipti ail[K[ C[: ''phiD k) Uprvil)

ci[T) k[ aiF[ riAt[ pr r[>D k) fsl lhlhi rh) h]. usk[ bid B)PN ghn vn S&$ hi[ti h]. Ek ai[r

sit-pitil tl[ utrti h&ai Gi[r a‡(Fyiri j>gl h]. n)c[ tlhT) m[> sGn k&>j h]>. unk[ us pir tTh)n

phiD h]. Ek ai[r ki[ K[t) k) trie< h]. K[t) k) trie< ki[ G[r[ h‡(sE k) trh aFc>di bniE (vriT` pv<t

KD[ h]. d*sr) ai[r gi‡v h]. phiD k[ n)c[ Qilvin h]. Qilvin FnK[t) k[ ci]>r m[> utr kr (fr ghn-

kinnmy pv<t k[ Upr k) ai[r ki[ cQti h) cli gyi h].""19191919 pv<tni uprn) Ti[cni arF[ rAt[ r[>D

{a[k jitni[ pik} lh[riE C[. Ryir bid S$ Yiy C[ giQ j>gli[. a[k bij& K)Nmi> utrt&>

giQ a>Fi(ry&> j>gl C[. n)c[ tL[T)mi> k&>j C[. a[n) p[l) pir tTh)n phiD C[. K[tri[n[ G[r)n[

aF<c>Wkir aikir pv<t f[liy[li[ C[. b)J bij& gim C[. phiDn) n)c[ QLiv C[. QLiv n)c[

Utr[ C[ an[ pC) pv<tn) upr cQiE S$ Yiy C[. aigL nvlkYikir (n$p[ C[: ''(jGr B)

d[K[>, an(gnt phiDi[> s[ Br[ pqir-h)-pqir h]>. Gn[-Gn[ j>gl h]. t(hyiE h&E s[, Yik-pr-Yik sjiE

h&E s[, Upr ai]r usk[ B) Upr, phiDi[> k) Di[l)n&mi ci[(Tyi‡ h]> ‘‘‘ gi‡v k[ Upr ki F&‡ai‡ k&hr[ k[ F&E‡ m[>

G&l-(ml kr Ekikir hi[ gyi h]. ai]r yh F&ai‡dir k&hri K[ti[> k[ Upr, j>gli[> k[ Upr f]lti cli gyi

h].""20202020 jyi> j&ai[ Ryi> phiD n[ phiD. giQi j>gli[, gi[qv[li hi[y t[m a[k upr a[k m*k[li,

upr a[n) upr, pv<ti[n) Ti[c C[. U>ciEa[Y) n)kLti[ F*miDi[ an[ F&Àms b>n[ mL)n[ a[kikir

YE gyi C[ an[ a[ F*miDi an[ F&Àmsn&> vidL K[tri[ an[ j>gli[ pr f[lit&> gy&> C[. À·yipiy&

gim an[ a[n) aij&bij&ni p(rv[S upri[kt vN<ni[mi> (n$(pt Yiy C[. ai p\d[S j p\v<ti[,

K)Ni[, zrNiai[ an[ j>gli[Y) Cviy[li[ C[.

srb* si>vtini mZRy&ni smy[ sijni smy[ gimni vitivrNn&> (n$pN krti l[Kk

kh[ C[: ''Qi[r-D>gr li]T aiE. F*l k[ bidl r>g-ab)r k) trh uDn[ lg[. zrn[ k[ (knir[ ki FD-FD-

FDik` Q*‡-Q*‡-Qi‡-Qi‡ ki[lihl smi¼t hi[ gyi.""21212121 Qi[r-Qi>kr gimmi piCi fyi< C[. Qi[r-Qi>krni

322

gimmi> piCi frviY) F*Ln) Dmr)ai[ U>D) rh) C[. zrNin) (knir[ Yti[ ki[lihl pN smi¼t

Yyi[ C[.

k>dn) Si[Fmi> phiDi[ pr gy[l) p&y*ni ail[Kn vKt[ nvlkYikir ai phiD) (vAtir,

j>gli[-vni[-ar·yi[, pv<ti[, zrNiai[, vZxi[ a[Tl[ k[ ah)>n) p\kZ(tn&> (n$pN kr[ C[. j[

(c#in) j[m aipN) sim[ tid`S Yiy C[. nlvkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''ab di[ni[> ai[r ai‡vl[ k[ j>gl

h]. Di(lyi[> m[> g&µCi[>-k[-g&µC[ ai‡vl[ g&>Y[ h]>. jgh-jgh q*‡q h]>, jgh-jgh n>g[ tGD c(Tl pRYr h]>.

kh)>-kh)> zi(Dyi[> k[ z&rm&T Br h) h]>. b)c-b)c m[> ekl[-d&kl[ bdgd KD[ h]>. hr kh)> sib[ Gis ki vn

h]. sib[ pi[rs[-pi[rs[ Br s[ B) U‡c) bQ) h&e< h]>.""22222222 ah)>ni ai(dvis)ai[ Ki[rikmi> k>dni[ pN

upyi[g kr[ C[. a[ k>d mi[TiBig[ pv<ti[-phiDi[ pr mLti hi[y C[. p&y* k>d Si[Fvi jiy C[ Ryir[

nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[ k[ jyi> ji[Ea[ Ryi> aimLini j>gli[ C[. g&µCi n[ g&µCimi> aimLi

li³yi C[. jyi> n[ Ryi> p¸Yri[ pDyi C[. nini nini ziD)-ziKrini z*>Dni z*>D jyi> n[ Ryi>

ug[li C[. vµc[ vµc[ vDni vZxi[ pN ug[li C[. sv<#i Gisn&> vn. a[mn) U>ciE miYi s&F)n)

YE C[. aigL Frt) si>kD) Yt) jiy C[. cir[ bij& f[liy[li F*miDi an[ F*ÀmsY) F[riy[li

vitivrNmi> pv<tn) Ti[c miY&> U>c&> kr)n[ aikiS sim[ UB) C[ an[ p\âiY< m&Wimi> upr ji[E

rh) C[ pN ai p\âni[ ki[E jvib nY). b)J bij& pN a[k m[din C[. m[din F)m[ F)m[ n)c[n)

bij& Utr[ C[. m[dinn) upr jyi> Ryi> ki[tri[ an[ g&fiai[ C[. a[ (vAtiri[mi> j mi[Ti-mi[Ti k>d

mL[ C[. p&y* jyi> UB) C[ Ryi> miY[ mi[r pi[tin) pi>Ki[ S[k) rHi[ C[. j>gl) mrFiai[ni

aivji[ pN aiv) rHi C[. Yi[Di smy aim-t[m fyi< bid a[vi[ jiN[ kyi> s>tiE jS[. ai

phiD) (vAtir j vºy pS&-p>K)ai[Y) smZÜ C[ a[n&> (c#i aipNn[ mL) rh[ C[.

nv misni[ gB< j[ni p[Tmi> C[ a[v) nvlkYi ni(yki p&y* k>d Si[Fvi phiDi[ pr gE

C[. a[ni p[Tmi> dd< S$ Yiy C[. nvlkYikir a[ smyn) (nj<n, (nrv p\kZ(tn&> (n$pN krti

ail[K[ C[: ''simn[ aismin k) mi[hk n)(lmi f]l) Y). n)c[-n)l[-hr[ vn lhlhi rh[ Y[. di[ni[> k[ b)c

fi‡k k) trh siri S*ºy-h)-S*ºy Yi. sif-s&Yri ujli-GpiGp S*ºy. fi‡k j]s) us S*ºy m[> c)l[>

knki]v[ k) g&(ýyi[> k) trh (trt) (fr rh) Y)>. kil)-kil) (c(Dyi[> k[ gi[l-k[-gi[l (f>k[-h&ai[> k) trh

uD-uD jit[ Y[. ki[e< kh)> $kti-aTkti n Yi. d&(Kyi[> ki[ Es[ fi‡k j]s[ S*ºy s[ ki[e< Qirs, Bri[si yi

323

shiri nh)> (mlti. (fr B) p&y* us S*ºy m[> ai‡K[> gDiE v[dni k[ h*l z[lt) rh).""23232323 aikiSmi> mi[hk

n)(lmi f[liy[l) ht). n)c[ h(ryiLi vni[ lh[riE rHi hti. a[ b>n[n) vµc[ a[k (nrvti

ht). x&¾Fti p\sr[l) ht). a[ S*ºytimi>, (nrvtimi> bij px)ai[ m>DriE rHi hti. kiL)-

kiL) ckL)ai[ni Ti[Lini Ti[Li UDti jti hti. ki[E kyiy[, ki[Eni miT[y ri[kit&> n ht&>.

d&:K)ai[n[ ai (nrv, x&¾F, S*ºytimi>Y) Bri[si[ k[ shiri[ ti[ kyi> mL[. ti[ pN p&y* a[

S*ºytimi>-(nrvtimi> v[dnin[ z[l) rh) ht). p\kZ(tn&> ck\ ti[ sdi ciÃyi j krt&> hi[y C[. a[

ki[En[ miT[ ri[kit&> nY). (nr>tr vh[>t&> rh[ C[.

mhi m(hnimi> K[t)n) rK[viL) krti li[ki[ ri#i[ K[tri[mi> mi>Dvi bi>F)n[ rh[ C[.

kDkDt) q>D) pDt) hi[y C[. K[tri[ an[ j>gli[n) vµc[ hi[vin[ kirN[ j>gl) p\iN)ai[ni[ upWv

vF) jti[ hi[y C[. hrNi>ai[ an[ sibri[ni Ti[Liai[ni-Ti[Liai[ K[tri[mi> aiv) cQti hi[y C[

a[ ri(#iai[n&> vN<n krti l[Kk[ ail[K[ C[: ''miF cQi h]. bD) q>D h]. a‡F[r) riti[> ki[ Qlvini[> ai]r

KD`Di[> m[> (sf< k&hri-h) k&hri lhriti rhti h]‘‘‘ (hrni[> ai]r si‡Bri[> k[ z&>D-k[-z&>D p[>-p[> m[>-m[> krt[ h&E

utrt[ h]> ai]r ki>d&l {bD) arhr} k[ K[ti[> m[> G&s pDt[ h]>‘‘‘ kB)-kB) mhibl biF mcini[> k[ n)c[ s[

d&md&mit[, grjt[ ai]r pih&li[> {p>ji[>} k) Yp-Yp Yi s[ j>gl k‡pk‡pit[ (nkl jit[ h]‘‘‘ mcin agr U‡c[ n

h&E yi fi‡d-Cli‡g kr mcin pr ji ph&‡cn[ ki si[y-s&B)ti rhi, ti[ y[ biG aid(myi[> ki[ ziDt[-z‡zi[Dt[

ai]r (hlit[-D&lit[ l[ Bigt[ h].""24242424 mhi m(hnimi> K[t)n) rK[viL) krti k>F li[ki[ni Jvnn)

ai viAt(vkti C[. ah)> ki[N kyi>r[ ki[ni[ (Skir bn[ a[ kh)> Skit&> nY). a>Fir) rit, kDkDt)

q>D), ci[trf f[liy[l F&Àms, an[ a[mi> Ki[rikn) Si[Fmi> aivti hrNi>ai[ an[ sibri[ni

Ti[Lin[ Ti[Li K[tri[mi> Utr) pDti. ki[Ek vir viG pN mi>Dvi n)c[Y) psir Yti[. a[n) #iiD,

gj<ni an[ pgli>ai[ni[ YpYpiT si>BL) j>gli[ F\&jvi ligti. rit[ rh[vi miT[ni mi>Dvi ji[

n)ci hi[y k[ a[ni pr k*dki mirvi miT[ ki[E aiFir hi[y ti[ viG mi>Dvi pr cQ) miNsn[

upiD) jti[. aiv) p(r(AY(tmi> a[mn[ K[tri[n) rK[viL) miT[ ritvisi[ krvi[ pDti[ hti[.

À·yip&yi gimn) b[S& k>F an[ a[ni siY)ai[ piCi fr[ C[ Ryir[ nvlkYikir rAtin)

p\kZ(tni[ (ctir rj* kr[ C[: ''j>gl b[trh Gni hi[ gyi h] ai]r K*b bQi h]. jiDi[> k[ (dni[> m[> j>gl ¶yidi

hi[ti h) h]‘‘‘ z&>D –k[-z&>D si‡Br (grl) k[ f*l Kin[ k[ (lE phiDi[> s[ utrt[ h]>. riAti di[ni[> ai[r k[ j>gl

324

k) s>(F k[ Upr s)Fi cli gyi h]‘‘‘ kh)> GiT) h], ti[ kh)> KDi Qlvin h]. kh)> kh)> Ci[T[-Ci[T[ zrn[ h].

unk[ B)tr ti[ j>gl ai]r B) a>Fkirmy h].""25252525 aigL jti j>gl vF& giQ YE gy&> ht&>.

(SyiLin) ät&mi> aim pN j>gl g)c j hi[y C[. Ti[Li>-ni-Ti[Li> sibri[ (grl)ni f*li[

Kivi aivti hti. b>n[ bij&ni j>gln) s>(Fa[ rAti[ upr trf vF) jti[ hti[. kyi>k GiT) C[

ti[ kyi>k KiDiai[ an[ QLiv. kyi> kyi> nini-nini zrNiai[ C[. a[ zrNiai[n) aigL ti[

j>gl vF&n[ vF& a>Fkirmy bn) jt&> ligt&> ht&>. aim ai phiD) (vAtirmi> k[Tli g)c

j>gli[ C[ t[ aipN[ ji[E Sk)a[ C)a[.

srb& si>vtini BiE l[>j& k>Fn&> Jvn a[klviy&> C[. a[n[ kim krvimi> mn ligt&>

nY). a[ smy[ nvlkYikir p\kZ(tn&> (n$pN krti kh[ C[: ''Ud)-Ud) F*p ug) Y). hvi m[> s>tr[

k[ f*li[> k) g>F (tr) ai rh) Y). ciri[> ai[r U‡F)-U‡F)-s) alsihT Cie< Y). us) Si>t als t>Wi m[>

kThl k[ p[Di[> pr Q[>(kyi f&l z*l rh[ Y[. aim aFpk[ hi[ cl[ Y[‘‘‘ ""26262626 z)Ni[ z)Ni[ tip vti<y rHi[

C[. hvimi> s>trini f*li[n) s&>gF p\sr) rh) C[. cir[ bij& jiN[ aiLs Cviy[l) C[. a[ Si>t

aiLsmy vitivrNmi> ki>TiLi vZxni f*li[ z*l) rHi C[. k[r)ai[ aF<pik) YE rh) C[. aim,

p\kZ(tmi> j s&At) C[. j[n&> (n$pN nvlkYikir ah)> krti ji[E Skiy C[.

ai vnd[Sn&> (c#i di[rti nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[: ''vnd[S k[ a>dr ciri[> ai[r vn-h)-vn Br[

pD[ h]. Gi[r j>gl‘‘‘ nºh[-nºh[ k&>j (sr (hlin[ lgt[ h]. un pr Cie< b[li[> k) ki[pl kin (hlin[ lgt)

h]>.""27272727 ai vnd[Sn) cir[bij& fkt j>gli[n[ j>gli[ j C[. giQ j>gli[. nini nini k&>ji[mi>

m[>hk) rHi> C[. a[mni pr Cviy[l v[l)ai[ hil) rh) C[. a[k (c#in) j[m l[Kk ah)> phiDni

ai p\d[Sn&> (c#i aipN) sim[ di[r) d[ C[. aim l[Kk páid`B* tr)k[ p\kZ(tn&> (n$pN krti

ji[E Skiy C[.

6.3.2.3: 6.3.2.3: 6.3.2.3: 6.3.2.3: pppp\\\\kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti: kZ(tmi> Äyi¼t rhAymyti:

p\kZ(t minv miT[ rhAymy C[. a[ni bdliti jti $pi[n[ minv) (vAmyY) j&a[ C[.

a[ni ai~y[ rh[ti k[Tk[Tli>y Jvi[n[ a[ ai~y aip[ C[. hiY)n[ mN an[ k)D)n[ kN ah)>

mL) rh[ C[. a[ni (ntnvi $p-r>g ji[E minv) a[ni rhAyi[n[ jiN)-smJ Skti[ nY). ai

p\kZ(t (vS[ nvlYikir ail[K[ C[: ''yhi‡, aidm) p\kZ(t s[ y&Û (kE (bni k&C B) nh)> piti. ai]r

325

apni y&Û vh lDti B) aip h) h]. ak[l[, (nhRY[. mrn[ ki By nh)> krti.""28282828 p\kZ(tn) sim[ zz*Àyi

vgr minv) aivi giQ-(vjn ar·yi[mi> Jv) Skti[ nY). a[N[ lDvin&> hi[y C[ pi[t[ pi[tin)

jit[. a[kli an[ h(Yyir vgr. aim, p\kZ(t minv)n[ ai~y ti[ aip[ C[ pN Byink $p

sm[ minv)n[ pi[t[ Jvvi miT[ lDv&> pN pD[ C[. aigL nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[ t[m: ''uRm_i

p\kZ(t aidm) s[ brbs g)t gvi l[t) h], us[ ncit) h], mtvili bni d[t) h].""29292929 p\kZ(tni Ki[L[ rh[ti

minv)n[ p\kZ(t pi[tini si]>dy<Y) git)-nict) kr) d[ C[. a[n[ pi[tini si]>dymi> D*biD) d[ C[.

a[n[ pi[tini[ cihk bniv) d[ C[. an[ mi[hmi> minv) b>Fiy pN jiy C[.

6.3.2.4: 6.3.2.4: 6.3.2.4: 6.3.2.4: al>kir sj<n miT[ pal>kir sj<n miT[ pal>kir sj<n miT[ pal>kir sj<n miT[ p\\\\kZ(tni[ upyi[g:kZ(tni[ upyi[g:kZ(tni[ upyi[g:kZ(tni[ upyi[g:

nvlkYikir al>kir sj<n miT[ pN p\kZ(tni[ upyi[g krti ji[E Skiy C[.

nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''(grl) k[ lil-lil f*li[> n[ di[ni[> ai[r lil ri[Sn)-s) kr rK) h].""30303030

(grl) nimni f*li[ k[ j[ lil r>gni C[ a[mni f*li[Y) jiN[ aij&bij&mi> lilr>gn&> ajviL&>

n pYriy&> hi[t a[m lig[ C[. aigL nvlkYikir vN<n kr[ C[: ''Upr-Upr aimi[> m[> bi]r lg[ h]>,

kThli[> m[> l[>D {f*l} lg[ h], ai]r tl[-tl[ mZt p#ii[> ai]r m>j(ryi[> s[ Frt) pr g(Ñyi‡-s) (bC ge< h].""31313131

upr upr ai>bi pr miƒr aiv) gyi[ C[. fNs {a[k jitn&> vZx}n[ pN f*l aiÄyi C[. n)c[

n)c[ pinKr[ K[rv[li pNi[< an[ m>j(rai[Y) Frt) pr jiN[ gidl&> piYy&<> hi[y a[v&> lig[ C[.

ah)> l[Kk al>kir sj<n miT[ p\kZ(t (n$pN krti ji[vi mL[ C[.

ci[misimi> j>gli[mi> j[ nvi ziD)-ziKri Ug) n)kL[ C[ a[ (vS[ nvlkYikir ail[K[

C[: ''brsit) p[D-pi]Fi[> k[ j>gl b[trh bQ gE Y[, g>j[ phiD Bil* k) trh zbr]l[ hi[ uq[ Y[‘‘‘""32323232

vrsid pDti j>glmi> jit-jitni Ci[Dviai[, v[liai[ f[liE gyi C[. j[ phiDi[ K&Ãli hti

a[ni (vS[ l[Kk kh[ C[ t[m r)>Cni Sr)rni viLn) j[m K&Ãli phiDi[ pr nvi ziDviai[ Ug)

aiÄyi hti. aim ah)> l[Kk K&Ãli phiDi[n[ r)>Cni Sr)rn) siY[ srKiv[ C[.

6.3.2.5: 6.3.2.5: 6.3.2.5: 6.3.2.5: pppp\\\\kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:kZ(tn&> minv)ykrN:

p\AtZt nvlkYimi> p\kZ(tni (v(vF $pi[ ail[Kiyi C[ a[j r)t[ p\kZ(tn&> ail[Kn pN

(v(vF r)t[ Yy&> C[. nvlkYikir p\kZ(tni t_vi[n&> minv)ykrN pN krti ji[E Skiy C[.

326

nvlkYikir vNv[ C[: ''T[s* k) trh ThiTh lil ci‡d Cli‡g mirkr, fi‡d kr ugi. pv<t-sm&W k[

B)tr s[ usk) lh(ryi[> k[ Upr fi‡dkr. usk[ ugn[ k[ s‡g-s‡g shlit) g&dg&dit)-s) hlk)-hlk)

pvn Di[ln[ lg).""33333333 ah)> nvlkYikir ci>dn[ Cli>g mirti[ c)tr[ C[ jiN[ k[ a[ Jv>t n

hi[y. a[ni UgviY) hvi F)m[ F)m[ Di[lvi lig).

(duD&n&> mn Si>t nY) a[ j>gli[ trf jiy C[ Ryir[ nvlkYikir p\kZ(tn&> vN<n kr[ C[:

''j>gl s*K c&ki h]. j>gl s*ni pDi h]. F*p q)k miY[ pr ai ge<. me< kTin ki j>gl T[k(ryi[> pr l[T-

l[Ti m&rziti h&ai aig lgiE jin[ k) biT ji[h rhi h].""34343434 uniLini (dvsi[ C[. j>gl s&kiE gy&> C[.

jiN[ j>gli[ s*ni pD) gyi C[ j[v&> (duD&n&> mn s*n& pD[l&> C[ t[m. m[ m(hnimi> kpinir j>gl

T[kr)ai[ pr jiN[ s*kiEn[ aig lgiDvin) rih n ji[t&> hi[y t[m lig[ C[.

6.3.2.6: 6.3.2.6: 6.3.2.6: 6.3.2.6: pppp\\\\kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n:

nvlkYikir p\kZ(tni (v(Bºn Av$pi[n&> vN<n pN krti ji[E Skiy C[. p\kZ(t rÀy-

BÄy $pi[n&> (n$pN kr[ C[ ti[ a[ni Byink $pn&> pN (n$pN krti ji[E Skiy C[. uniLini

tipmi> ai j>gli[n) dSi k[v) C[ a[ (n$pti nvlkYikir jNiv[ C[: ''F*p s[ tp-tp kr j>gl

s*K rh[ h]>. aidm) k[ pip-tip s[ pis k[ j>gl jl-jl kr pi[D& K[t bn gE h]>. g\)Om k) uOmi s[ vn

k) ~) Bip bn kr uD ge< h]. ki[s-Br B) cl[ nh)> (k p]r Yk jit[ h]. bihr (nkl[ nh)> (k d[h ubl

kr s)z jit) h]. hiY k) k&dil) ai]r k>F[ k) k&Ãhir) tv-s) tp-tp jit) h].""35353535 p\kZ(tn&> ah)>

Byink $p (c(#it Yy&> C[. uniLini (dvsi[mi> tip pDviY) j>gli[ s*kiE rHi> C[. miNsni

pip-tipY) biL)n[ K[t) miT[ jm)n t]yir krti nJkni j>gli[ K[tri[mi> f[rviE gyi C[.

g\)Omn) ai grm)mi> vni[n) ~) vriL bn)n[ uD) gE C[. aivi tipni (dvsi[mi> Yi[D&>k j

ciÃyi nY) n[ pg Yikvi lig[ C[. bhir n)kLti j Sr)r S[kivi lig[ C[. hiYmi>n) ki[diL)

an[ KB[ riK[l) k&hiD) tipY) tvi j[v) grm YE jiy C[. aim ai ar·yi[mi> uniLimi> j[

grm) pD[ C[ t[n&> sci[T (c#i l[Kk ah)> ky&<> C[.

a[j r)t[ ci[misimi> ai ar·y (vAtirmi> Fi[Fmir vrsid pDti[ hi[y C[. vidLi[ni>

z*>Dn[ z*>D aiv) vP)< jti hi[y C[. a[vi smy[ kyir[ rit pD) an[ kyi>r[ svir YE a[ Kbr j

pDt) nY). nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[ t[m: ''brsit k[ (dn yi[> h) dnidn b)t[ cl[ ji rh[ Y[. (dn (gnni

327

(ks) k[ bs k) bit n Y)‘‘‘ pti h) nh)> clti Yi (k kb (dn h&ai ai]r kb rit h&e<. bidl v]s[ h)

(dn-rit ld[ rht[ Y[. bi]Cir[> Qiln[ lgt[, ti[ Qilt[ h) cl[ jit[. (dn-rit ki B[d a>F[r[ k[ z)n[pn-giQ[pn

m[> h) (smT gyi Yi. rit ki a>F[ri ghri mj)(qyi kili hi[ti Yi, (dn ki kB) giQi kRYe< kili ti[ kB)

b]gn) kili‘‘‘ brsit) p[D-pi]>Fi[> k[ j>gl b[trh bQ gE Y[‘‘‘""36363636 ci[misini (dvsi[ v)tti jti hti>,

a[ (dvsi[ gNvi ki[Eni hiYn) vit n ht). Kbr j n pDt) k[ kyir[ (dvs Yyi[ an[ kyir[

ri#i pD). vidLi[ (dvs-rit Cviy[li rh[ti. ritn&> a>Fir&> giQ rh[t&>, (dvsn&> pN giQ kRYE

kiL&> k[ kyi>r[k v[gNni r>gn&> rh[t&>. vrsidmi> ugnir ziD)-ziKriai[ K*b vF) gyi hti.

aim ci[misimi> ai ar·y(vAtiri[mi> j[ Fi[Fmir vrsid pDti[ hi[y C[ t[n&> (c#i ah)> C[.

'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> l[Kk upri[kt r)(tai[Y) p\kZ(t vN<ni[ krti ji[E Skiy C[.

6.4: 6.4: 6.4: 6.4: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l s>AkZ(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l s>AkZ(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l s>AkZ(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l s>AkZ(t:

ai[(Dyi nvlkYi 'amZt[r s>tin"mi> k>F ji(t C[ an[ a[ni[ j[ smij C[, t[ smijn)

s>AkZ(tn&> j[ (n$pN Yy&> C[ a[ aipN[ ji[ES&>:

6.4.1: 6.4.1: 6.4.1: 6.4.1: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>F ji(t:

nvlkYikir ai ar·yvis) (vAtirni[ p(rcy aipti ah)>ni ai(d (nvis) k>F

ji(tni[ p(rcy kriv[ C[. ai ji(t ah)>ni phiDi[ni m*L(nvis) C[. k[Tk[Tl)y jit)ni li[ki[

an[ sm*hi[ ah)> aiv)n[ vAyi> C[. pN a[mni aiÄyi ph[l[Y) j k>F ji(tni p*v<ji[ ah)>

vsti hti. nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''aiy< aiE, pr vh ti[ kl k) h) bit h]. unk[ phl[, prsi[>,

W(vD aiE Y[. unk[ B) phl[ hl(dyi r>g k[ n&k)l[ m&‡h ai]r cpT) nikvil[ ai]r (Tm(Tmit) n)l)-n)l)

ai‡Ki[ vil[ li[gi[ k[ sit[-k[-si[t[ aiE Y[. gdvi, pir[>gi, svri, m&>Dir), (fr k&D-kiD-c&D-ciD-BiP)

li[gi[> k[ si[t[. pr ai(dm kil k[ phiDi[> k[ s>g), drtn) miti k[ p*t, yhi‡ k[ k>F h) h]. uºh) ki yh

apni (nj) rij h], unk) K[t)-'B&‡e<" h], (Skir-'B&‡e<" h].""37373737 aiy< aiÄyi, pN a[ ti[ jiN[

gEkiln) j vit C[. a[mn) ph[li> W(vDi[ aiÄyi> hti>. a[mn) ph[li> p)Li r>gni, t)Ni

mi[>viLi an[ cpTi nikviLi an[ Tm-Tmit) B*r)-B*r) ai>Ki[viLi li[ki[ni Ti[Li-n[-Ti[Li

328

aiÄyi hti. gdvi, pir[>gi, svri, m&>Dir) pC) k&D-kiD-c&D-ciD BiP) li[ki[ni Ti[Li aiÄyi.

pN ai(dkiLY) phiDi[ni s>g), Frt) mitni sp*t, ah)>ni k>Fi[ j C[. a[mn&> j a[ pi[tin&>

rijy C[. a[mn) K[tB*(m an[ (SkirB*(m C[.

srb* sivti[ pi[tini aiyKi (vS[ j[ (vcir[ C[ t[ smg\ k>F ji(tn[ lig& pD[ t[m C[:

''(Skir, K[t), di$ ai]r mi]j-mj[, bs es) m[. aAs) sil kT gy[.""38383838 (Skir krvi[, K[t) krv)

an[ di$ p)vi[ an[ Ryir bid mi[j-mji, bs a[mi>j a[>s) vP< p*ri YE gyi. (Skir an[

K[t) t[mni aiJ(vkini siFni[ C[. p[Tn) aig a[niY) d*r kr[ C[. di$ a[mni[ sdi s&K-

d&:Kni[ siY) C[. a[mni Jvnn[ K&mir) p*r) piD[ C[ an[ pC) mi[j-mji-mAt). ai C[ k>F

ji(tni li[ki[n&> Jvn. a[ai[ (Skir an[ K[t) kr) jiN[ C[. di$ vgr a[mni Äyvhiri[ k[

p\>sgi[ Yti nY). gr)b), B*Kmri[ an[ an[k aCti[ vµc[ pN t[vi[ (nB[<L ain>d miN) Sk[

C[. a[ bF&> p\kZ(tni s>giY[ rh[viY) j kdic S)Kit&> hS[!

drtn) miti an[ drb* d[vtini[ uRsv p*N< Yyi[ C[ Ryir bid ai ar·yvis)ai[ S&>

kr[ C[ a[ (vS[ nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''g&ms&m s&nsin gi‡v m[> ykiyk chl-phl bQ ge<. ain>d

ki hP<ri[r g*‡j uqi. di$ k[ di]ri[> k) agvin) h&e<. di[ni[> pi‡ti[> k[ Gri[> s[ di$ li-li kr K&l[ g(lyiri[ m[>

rK) ge<. apn[-apn[ hiYi[> m[> (mT`T) k[ T*T[ brtni[ k[ K¼pr, kÑ* k) t&>(byi‡, bi[tl[>, (TnpiT, ai(d l[-

l[kr gi‡v k[ sir[ li[g di$ k[ mTki[> ki[ G[r kr b]q gE.""39393939 s*msim gimmi> a[kia[k chl-phl

Yvi lig). ain>dni[ hP<Gi[P g*>J rHi[. di$ p)vin) S$ait YE b>n[ p>(ktai[ni Gri[mi>Y)

di$ liv)n[ K*Ãli ci[ginmi> m*kvimi> aiÄyi[. di$ p)vi miT[ pi[t-pi[tini hiYmi> visNi[-

siFni[ lE gimni sv< li[ki[ di$ni mTkin) aij&bij& gi[qviE gyi. aim aipN[ aigL

ji[y&> t[m ai ar·yvis)ai[ni s&K-d&:Kni siY) tr)k[ di$n) gNni krv) pD[.

ai k>F li[ki[ni[ smijmi> kyi> kyi> li[ki[ aiv[ C[, a[mni smijni[ piyi[ kyi> kyi>

li[ki[n[ aiFir[ bn[ C[ t[ smjivti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''hr k>F gi‡v m[> si‡vti, jin), (Dsr)

ai(d k) trh b[j&N) B) Ek aivÆyk s>AYin hi[t) h], Ek an&Oqin-pi#i) hi[t) h].""40404040 p\Ry[k gimmi>

si>vti, jin) an[ (Dsr) a[Tl[ k[ m&K), p&ri[(ht an[ jyi[(tn) siY[ siY[ b[j&N) {d[vtiai[

329

siY[ s>vid krnir} pN a[k aivÆyk s>AYin hi[y C[, a[n&> pN a[k aigv&> AYin ai k>F

smijmi> ji[vi mL[ C[.

ai k>F ji(tni li[ki[ni pi[tini Jvnn[ Jvvi miT[ j>glni (h>sk p\iN)ai[ sim[ ti[

lDv&> j pD[ C[. pN a[mni[ vF& Dr a[mn[ ligti[ nY). kirN k[ a[ai[ ti[ a[mni sdini siY)

C[. p\kZ(tni[ (nym j a[vi[ C[ k[ k>Ek niS pim[ ti[ k>Ek nv&> sj<n Yiy C[. ai

ar·yvis)ai[ni si]Y) mi[Ti S#i&ai[ ti[ C[ Sih&kiri[ an[ srkir) a(Fkir)ai[. k[ j[ a[mn&>

h>m[Si Si[PN krti rh[ C[. ai viAt(vk p(r(AY(tni[ (ctir pN nvlkYikir yYi-yi[³y r)t[

aip[ C[.

ai k>F ji(tni li[ki[n&> Jvn j (n(v<kir C[. aiF&(nk s¿ytin) cmk-dmk a[mnimi>

nY), j>gli[mi> frti ki>Tiai[ an[ p¸Yri[ a[mni pgn[ Ci[lti rh[ C[ ti[ pN vnni vis)ai[

a[niY) hir minti nY). k[Tk[Tl)y m&Æk[l)ai[ni[ a[ai[ simni[ kr[ C[ pN kyir[y htiS Yti

nY). nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''pr k>F kB) this nh)> hi[ti. htiS hi[ jiy tb ti[ es pqir) d[S m[>

j)ni h) as>Bv hi[ jiygi.""41414141 k>F li[ki[ kyir[y (nriS k[ htiS Yti nY). ji[ ai phiDi[n)

(AY(t-p(r(AY(tY) htiS YE jiy ti[ aivi phiD) (vAtirmi> a[mn&> Jvv&> as>Bv YE jiy.

6.4.2: 6.4.2: 6.4.2: 6.4.2: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l k>Fji(tn) lix(Nktiai[: k>Fji(tn) lix(Nktiai[: k>Fji(tn) lix(Nktiai[: k>Fji(tn) lix(Nktiai[:

k>F ji(tni li[ki[n) a[k lix(Nkti vN<vti nvlkYikir jNiv[ C[ k[: ''k>F ki[ jb yh

(vVis hi[ jiti h] (k (ks) n[ usk) (ml(kyt m[> p]qkr usk[ mil-mti ki[ n&ksin ph&‡ciyi h], ti[ usk[

ri[P ki (qkini nh)> rhti. ai]r vnvis) li[g ri[P m[> ait[ h) apn[ k>F[ pr lTkt) Ti‡(gyi k&ÃhiD) tin

l[t[ h]>. p(rNim ki[ si[c-smzkr yi p(rmiN ki[ mip-ji[K kr simi(jk ºyiy k) p(r(F k[ B)tr cln[

ki unki a¿yis nh)> hi[ti‘‘‘ us uBir k[ smy vh ki[e< ri[k-Ti[k nh)> minti, ki[e< (v¹n-biFi nh)>

minti, (ks) B) aiF&(nk (nym-kin*n k) pib>d) nh)> minti.""42424242 k>Fn[ jyir[ a[ (vVis YE jiy k[

a[n) mil-(mlktn[ ki[Ea[ n&ksin phi[>ciDvin) ki[(SS kr) C[ ti[ a[ni[ g&Asi[ crm s)mia[

phi[>c) jiy C[. an[ ai vnvis) li[ki[ g&Asimi> aivtin) siY[ KBi pr m*k[l) k&hiD) hiYmi>

FirN kr) l[ C[. a[n&> j[ ki[E p(rNim aiv[ t[, a[n[ smijvin) k[ a[ simi(jk ºyiyn)

p(r(Fmi> rh[vin) a[ai[n[ aivDt nY) hi[t). aivi g&Asini smy[ a[ai[ ki[E ri[k-Ti[k minti

330

nY), ki[E (v¹n-aiDn[ minti nY), ki[E pN aiF&(nkt kiydi-kin*nn&> b>Fn a[mn[ bi>F)

Skt&> nY). ai a[k lix(Nkti C[ k>F li[ki[n). g&Asini aiv[gmi> a[vi[ ki[En&> K*n krvin&> pN

c*kti nY) pC) Bl[ a[n&> p(rNim j[ aiv[ t[.

k>F ji(tn) b)J lix(Nkti dS<vti nvlkYikir kh[ C[: ''j>gl m[> y#i-t#i biF (frt[

h]>, si‡p-(bµC* (frt[ h]>. smij m[> sih*kir (frt[ h]>, a(Fkir) (frt[ h]. en sb k[ b)c k>F ji(t agr

ab tk es aiÆcy<jnk $p s[ bc) rh) h], ti[ (sf< es kirN Ki[jn[ k[ a¿yis k[ h) bl-b*t[ pr bc)

rh) h].""43434343 j>glmi> jyi>n[ Ryi> viG, sip k[ v)C)ai[ni[ Dr, a[ upri>t Sih*kir an[

a(Fkir)ai[n&> Si[PN, ai bFin) vµc[ pN k>F ji(t aRyir s&F) pN j[ aiVy<jnk $pmi>

bc) rh) C[ ti[ a[n&> a[k mi#i kirN a[ C[ k[ ki[E pN vitn&> (nrikrN Si[Fvin) a[mn)

pi[tin) r)t C[. ai ai(dvis)ai[ j>glmi> bnt) p\Ry[k k&drt) an[ kZ(#im GTniai[n[ pi[tin)

r)t[ ji[E, smJ, smjvini[ p\yRn krti rh[ C[. jyi> s&F) ki[E GTnini[ tig a[mn[ mLti[

nY) Ryi> s&F) a[vi[ Si>(tY) b[sti nY). ai j a[k a[mn) lix(Nkti C[ j[n[ kirN[ a[vi[

(v(Bºn aip(_iai[, (vD>bNiai[ an[ an[k r)t[ Si[PN Yvi Cti sh)slimt hyit C[.

ai k>F ji(tn) b)J a[k lix(Nktin&> (n$pN krti nvlkYikir kh[ C[: ''ki>F[ pr

Ti>(gyi hi[ ai]r bi>hi[> m[> b*ti hi[, ti[ k>F (ks) bit s[ nh)> Drti. Drti h] ti[ bs lij ai]r apmin s[.""44444444

KB[ k&hiD) an[ bij&ai[mi> tikit hi[y ti[ k>F ki[E vitY) gBriti[ k[ Drti[ nY). a[ Dr[ C[ ti[

bs Srm an[ apmin Y). ai pN a[mn) a[k lix(Nkti j C[.

6.4.3: 6.4.3: 6.4.3: 6.4.3: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[li r)(t----(rvij:(rvij:(rvij:(rvij:

'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> k>F ji(tni j[ r)(t-(rviji[ ail[Kiyi C[ a[ni Yk) ai

ar·yvis) ji(tn) Cb) aipN) sim[ vFir[ sir) r)t[ ApOT Yiy C[. mZRy& (vS[ni r)(t-

(rviji[n&> ail[Kn krti nvlkYikir jNiv[ C[: ''usn[ gNni-Si[F krk[ yh yi[g btiyi h] (k

jÃd h), z&Tp&Ti pDt[ h), sir[ dih-s>Akir p*r[ kr n (lE gE ti[ kl tk p\t)xi krn) pD[g)‘‘‘ aY)<

uq). di[ni[> ai[r jlt) l&kiq) k) mSil[> (lE, Si[k-(vlip git[ h&E, r]yt k>F apn[ si‡vti ki[ Qi[ l[ gE.

aiFi riAti pir krn[ pr b)c rih m[> f*T) hi‡D) ai]r tiji Bit rK (dyi gyi‘‘‘ msin ph&‡c kr lkD) k)

(cti sjie< ge<. si‡vti ki[ us pr s&li (dyi gyi. usk[ (sr k[ pis f*T) hi‡D) ai]r T*T) Ti[kr) rK d)

331

ge<>. (fr Upr s[ ai]r lkD) ji[D) ge<. si‡vti k[ (sr pr r[>D ki t[l Qil (dyi gyi.""45454545 ai ji(tmi>

pN s&K-d&:Kni p\>sgi[a[ yi[g a[Tl[ k[ (t(Y ji[vini[ (rvij C[. si>vtini mZRy& bid a[ni

d[hn[ lE jvimi> aiv[ C[. arF[ rAt[ t*T[l) miTl) an[ Bit m*kvimi aiv[ C[. AmSin

phi[>c)n[ (cti pr si>vtin[ s*vDivvimi aiv[ C[. a[ni miY[ t[l lgiDvmi aiv[ C[. aim ai

p\s>g oiri k>F ji(tni li[ki[ni r)t-(rviji[n&> p\(t(b>b aipN) sim[ pD[ C[.

mZRy&ni b)ji (dvsni r)t-(rvij (vS[ l[Kk ail[K[ C[: ''gi‡v k[ li[g (fr lkD) ai]r

aig l[kr vhi‡ ai ph&‡c[. p\Yi k[ an&sir (cti-f*l ki[ s&bh jliyi jiti h].""46464646 si>vtini mZRy& bid

a[n[ a(³ndih ai¼yi bid b)j[ (dvs[ gimni li[ki[ (rvij p\miN[ AmSin[ jE (ctini f*li[n[

aig ci>p[ C[. a[ a[mni smijni[ a[k (rvij C[. aigL nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[: ''m&rg[ k[ cir

c*j[ kiT kr usk[ nim pr unki li[h* Q&l (dyi gyi. c*ji[> k[ mi‡s ki[ li[gi[> n[ K&d Ki (lyi. gi‡v k[

p&ri[(ht n[ uski nim l[-l[ kr p&kiri. khi, srb* si‡vti, srb* si‡vti, ab ai]r mt aini t&m. kB) mt

aini. (js rih aiy[ Y[, us) rih cl[ jiti[. hmir[ Upr apni jil mt f]liai[. hm[> ri[g mt di[. hm h]

tB) ti[ hmn[, ji[ k&C bn pDi hms[, t&Àh[> (dyi‘‘‘ ji[ k&C B) hmn[ (dyi h], us) pr sºti[P kri[‘‘‘""47474747

aim srb& si>vtini mZRy& bid k>F ji(tni (rviji[ p\miN[ a[n) p*ji-ac<ni krvimi aiv[ C[.

mZt aiRmin[ a[ai[ Bi[g cQiv[ C[ an[ kh[ C[ k[ hv[ a[ ah)> n aiv[. j[ rAt[Y) ai aiÄyi[

hti[ a[ j rAt[ piCi[ ciÃyi[ jiy. a[ai[ C[ miT[ j a[n[ Bi[g cQivvimi aiÄyi[ C[. a[ai[ ni

hi[t ti[ ai bF&> n Yit. aim k>F ji(tn) p\Yiai[ p\miN[ mZtaiRmi piCL upri[kt (v(F-

(vFini[ Yiy C[.

k>F ji(tmi> b)ji[ pN a[k (rvij C[ k[ j[ ki[E Äy(ktn) pRn)n[ viG KiE jiy t[vi

Äy(ktn[ b)ji l³n krvi hi[y ti[ j[ni p(tn[ viG KiE gyi[ hi[t t[v) A#i) siY[ j a[ni

l³n YE Sk[. ''k>F ji(t k[ prÀprigt (nym k[ an&sir ab l[>j& ki ¾yih agr hi[ skti h] ti[ k[vl

us) A#i) s[ hi[ skti h], (jsk[ p(t ki[ (ks) biF n[ Ki Dili hi[.""48484848 srb& si>vtini BiE l[>j&

k>Fn) pRn)n[ viG KiE jiy C[ hv[ ai smijni (nym p\miN[ a[ni l³n a[ j A#i) siY[ YE

Sk[ k[ j[ni p(tn[ viG KiE gyi[ hi[y. a[ pN k>F smijni[ a[k (nym C[.

332

ai k>F ji(t p\d[Smi> s>d[S mi[klvini[ pN a[k (rvij C[. ki[E j$r) s>d[S hi[y ti[

a[n) siY[ lil mrc&> bi>F)n[ mi[klvimi aiv[ C[. nvlkYikir a[ (vS[ kh[ C[: ''(ks) p&rin[

jmin[ s[ yh p\Yi k>F d[S m[> cl) ai rh) Y). jin pDti h] (k k>Fi[> k[ rijRv-kil m[> E[si (nym rhi

hi[gi (k liq) m[> (cT`q) lTkikr usm[> Ek lil (mc< bi‡F d[n[ s[ s>d[Si j$r) mini jiygi ai]r us[

ph&‡cin[ k[ (lE sB) bi¹y hi[>g[. es kim ki[ krn[ s[ enkir krn[ k) C*T) (ks) ki[ nh)> rh) hi[g).""49494949

ai p\Yi p\ic)n kiLmi> k>F p\d[Smi> p\c(lt hS[. k>Fi[ni rijykiLmi> a[ (nym hS[ k[

likD)mi> c)Î) lTkiv)n[ a[mi> a[k lil mrc&> bi>FviY) a[ s>d[S j$r) minvimi> aivti[ an[

a[n[ phi[>ciDvi[ a[ bFi miT[ (nym hti[. ai kiy<mi>Y) ki[En[ pN C*T mLt) nh)>. a[ (nym

a[k p\Yi bn) gE an[ aRyir s&F) pN ai (vAtirmi> p\c(lt C[. ki[E kºyi pi[t[ pN

Big)n[ ki[Ek siY[ l³n kr[ ti[ a[ kºyini gimni li[ki[ l[N&> l[vi a[ kºyini p(tni gim[

jti. a[ smy[ a[k a[vi[ (rvij hti[ k[ j[ p&$P k[ p(t hi[y t[n[ gimni (rvij p\miN[

mirvimi> aivti[. ai upri>t k>F ji(tni[ jyi[(tP) gimmi> l³n hi[y ti[ a[n) ph[li, ri#i[

zrNia[ piN) Brvi jti[. ri#i[ a[Tli miT[ k[ ki[E a[n[ ji[E n jiy, piN) Br)n[ livti ji[

an[ ki[E ji[E jiy ti[ a[ aS&B minvimi aivt&> an[ a[ piN) l³n (v(F miT[ upyi[g)

rh[t&> nY). nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''kl p*ji h]. k>F k[ SiA#i ki (vFin yh h] (k ¾yih k[ (lE

p&n)t m>gl-jl rit s[ h) ggr) m[> s>ji[ rKi jini ci(hE.""50505050 kil[ p*ji ht). k>F ji(tni (nymi[

p\miN[ l³n krvi miT[n&> p(v#i m>gL jL ri#i[ j gigrmi> Br) riKv&> pDt&> ht&>. ritni

a>Firimi> piN) Br)n[ livv&> pDt&> ht&> j[Y) ki[E a[n[ ji[E n jiy. aim ai pN a[k k>F

ji(tni[ (rvij C[.

6.4.4: 6.4.4: 6.4.4: 6.4.4: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> Äykt Yt) miºytiai[:

À·yipiy& gimmi> an[ aij&bij&ni pv<ti[ pr vsti k>F ji(tni ai(dvis)ai[n)

miºytiai[ an[ (v(vF (vPyi[ prni (vciri[ pN ai nvlkYimi> Äykt Yiy C[. ai upri>t

nvlkYikir pi[t[ pN pi[tini (vciri[ k[ miºytiai[ pi#ii[ k[ p\s>g oiri aipN) sim[ rj* kr[

C[ ti[ ki[Ek vir pi[t[ nvlkYimi> p\v[S)n[ (vciri[ rj* krti jNiy C[ t[n) ni[>F lES&>. ai k>F

ji(tn) a[k miºyti C[ t[ p&nj<ºmn). mZRy& bid p&nj<ºm mL[ C[ a[v&> minniri ai smijni

333

(vciri[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''vh (pCl[ jnm m[> Bli Yi, es jnm m[> Bli h],

esk[ bid uski agli jnm hi[ni aTl h], a(nviy< h].""51515151 srb* sivti (vcir[ C[ k[ a[ piCli

jºmmi> siri[ miNs hti[, ai jºmmi> pN siri[ miNs C[ miT[ mZRy& bid a[ni[ b)ji[ jºm

Yvi[ a(nviy< an[ aTl GTni C[. srb* sivti (vcir[ C[ k[ jºm l[vi[ ti[ pi[tini hiYmi> C[.

ti[ mZRy& miT[ Si miT[ d&:K) Yv&>. ai k>F ji(t Jvnn[ an[ khi[ k[ smg\tin[ s&>dr min[ C[. j[

k>E C[ t[ a[mni miT[ s>&dr C[. p\Ym Bigmi> aivti srb*ni (vciri[ ai vitn[ f(lt kr[ C[.

ai B*(m, pv<ti[, phiDi[, zrNiai[, vni[-j>gli[, vZxi[, p>S&-p>K)ai[, p\iN)ai[, f*li[-a[mn)

K&Æb&, an[ mn&Oy jºm bF&> j s&>dr C[ a[m min[ C[.

Jvn (vS[ni (vciri[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''j)vn sRy h], j)vn s&ºdr

h], p&rin) d[h k[ gl jin[ pr (fr es) s&ºdr Frt) pr jºm l[ni h] us]!""52525252 Jvn sRy C[, Jvn s&>dr

C[. j*ni[ d[h nOT Yti fr) ai j s&>dr Frt) pr jºm l[vi[ C[ a[n[. aim srb& si>vti[ (vcir[

C[. ai ji(t miT[ Jvn sRy an[ s&>dr C[.

minv Jvn (vS[ni (vciri[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir srb* si>vtini mZRy& bid

ail[K[ C[: ''jin[ khi ki pin) khi‡ ki[ cli jiti h]. s¿yti (mT`T) k[ tl[, j>gli[> k) aiD m[>, D*b

rht) h]. (ks) Ek at)t k) Firi Ki[jn[ m[ BTkti-BTkti mn&Oy aip B) B*t hi[ jiti h]‘‘‘ ji[ jiti h],

si[ jiti h]. ji[ ri[ti h], si[ B) cli jiti h]. ji[ aiti h], (ks) ki[ phcin tk nh)> piti, si[ B) cli

jiti h].""53535353 minv Jvn cir (dvsn&> C[. minvni[ jºm Yiy C[, a[ mi[Ti[ Yiy C[ an[ a>t[

mZRy& pim[ C[. j[m b)jmi>Y) a>k&r n)kL[, Ug[, vZx bn[ an[ pC) fr) s*kiE jiy. cir

(dvsn) j ai bF) rmt C[. s¿ytiai[ni[ (vkis Yiy C[ an[ a>t[ a[ jm)n n)c[ k[ j>gln)

vµc[ kyi>k dbiE rh[ C[. ki[E a[k Firini at)tn) Si[F krti krti minv) pi[t[ pN at)t

bn) jiy C[. j[ jiy C[ t[ jiy C[. j[ rDt&> rh[ C[ a[ pN jiy C[ an[ j[ aiv[ C[, ki[En[

ai[LKti pN nY) a[ pN jiy C[. minv Jvnn) xNB>g*rtin&> dS<n ah)> nvlkYikir

kriv[ C[.

d[vtiai[ (vS[ni (vciri[ rj* krti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''l[(kn jhi‡-jhi> By h], vhi‡

vhi‡ By k[ s‡g-s‡g d[vti B) h]>‘‘‘ en d[vtiai[> ki aiS)<vid bni rh[, ti[ S&B-h)-S&B, m>gl-h)-m>gl

334

hi[ti h]. am>gl p)C[ rh jiti h].""54545454 nvlkYikir jNiv[ C[ k[ jyi> jyi> By C[ a[n) siY[ siY[

d[vtiai[-Bgvini[ pN C[ j. ai d[vtiai[ni[ aiS)vi<d mLti[ rh[ ti[ bF& S&Bn[ S&B C[,

m>gln[ m>gl C[. am>gl d*r rh) jiy C[.

minv s>AkZ(tni[ (vkis an[ minvni AvBiv (vS[ni (vciri[ Äykt krti nvlkYikir

jNiv[ C[: ''li[g Ek jgh j&Tt[ nh)> (k unk) nini-(vF l)liE‡ S&$ hi[ jit) h]>. sBi-p>city[> hi[t) h]>,

pi‡t-p>gt[> b]qt) h], lDie<-(BDie< hi[t) h]>, j>gl-ziD jlikr 'pi[D*" K[t) hi[t) h]. li[g r[t)l[ m]dini[> k)

kil) ci]>(Tyi[> k) trh Yi[D) h) jgh m[> KDbd-Kdbd Br[ rht[ h]>. Shr bst[ h]>. gi‡v bst[ h]. phiD

kTt[ h]>, nd) b‡Ft) h]. siri-k&C mn&Oy-dli[> k[ hiYi[> h) krimit h].""55555555 minv AvBivn&> ah)>

(n$pN krvimi> aiÄy&> C[. minvi[ a[k AYL[ B[gi Yti a[n) (vF-(vF p\vZ(_iai[ S$ YE jiy

C[. sBi-p>ciyti[, m>DL)-p>gti[, lDiE-zGDiai[ S$ YE jiy C[. j>gln[ sif kr) K[t) miT[

upyi[g) jm)n t]yir krvimi aiv[ C[. r[t)li m[dinn) k)D)ai[n) j[m a[k j j³yia[ ai[vi[

Kdbdti rh[ C[. Shr[ vs[ C[, gim vs[ C[. phiD ti[Dvimi> aiv[ C[. nd)n[ bi>Fvimi> aiv[ C[.

ai bF&> mn&Oyni Ti[Lin) hiYn) j krimti[ C[. minv s¿ytini[ (vkis j minv)n) ai

kiy<krvin) vZ(_iY) Yyi[ C[. s>AkZ(tai[n&> sj<n j km<S)ltin[ kirN[ Yy&> C[. ji[ minv)

km<S)l n hi[y ti[ aijn) ai avAYia[ kdic a[ n phi[>c) Skyi[ hti[.

ai ar·y (vAtirn) (vS[Pti k[ a[n) lix(Nktin[ dSi<vti nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[:

''yh) hiT h]. mn&Oy k) pZOqB*(m. es pZOqB*(m ki[ kiT (dyi jiy ti[ l[>j&, (duD*, p&b&l), p&Ãm[> ai(d (ks)

ki[ B) smzni as>Bv hi[ uq[gi. yh gDb(Dyi, mnmi]j), mAt-b[prvi, di(yRvh)n (grAt) h) minv-

smij k) n)>v h]‘‘‘ yhi‡ n ki[e< (vkis h], n ki[e< b>Fn. C>di[h)n (c#i-cpl FDkn[ h) es d[S k[ C>d

h].""56565656 l[Kk ah) minv AvBivni a[k b)ji pisin[ ujigr kr[ C[. bjirmi frv&>, mi[j-

mji krv), uRsvi[-th[viri[ ujvvi a[ j minv AvBiv C[. ah)>ni mn&Oyi[n) pZOqB*(m j

bjiri[ {hiT} C[. a[n[ Ci[D)n[ ji[ l[>j&, (duD*, p&b&l) k[ pÃm[>n[ smjv&> hi[y ti[ a[ as>Bv

bibt bn) rh[. algir) AvBiv, mnmi]JpN&>, mAt-b[prvih di(yRvh)n s>b>F j ai

minv-smijni[ piyi[ C[. g&jrit) nvlkYi 't_vm(s"mi> SiA#i)J kh[ C[ t[m 'aipN[ bFi

ti[ m&(ktni s>tini[ C)a[." ah)> pN nvlkYikir ai j vitn[ rj* krti ji[E Skiy C[.

335

ah)>ni ai k>F li[ki[ min[ C[ k[ minvn&> mZRy& nY) Yt&>. a[ai[ kh[ C[ k[ aiRmi nv&>

Sr)r FirN krS[. biLkni jºm Ytin) siY[ j a[n) Si[F S$ Yiy C[ k[ a[ni Sr)rmi> ki[ni[

aiRmi C[. a[mni p&ri[(ht p*v<jºmni[ e(this kh[ti[ hi[y C[. ah)ni[ bFi li[ki[ t[ ji[ j$r

jiN[ C[ k[ a[mni Sr)rmi> ki[ni[ aiRmi C[. Jvn k[v&> C[ ti[ nvlkYikir nvlkYini a>t[

ail[K[ C[: ''j)vn m[> Avid h], rs h]. mrN nh)>, d&K nh)>!""57575757 Jvnmi> Avid C[, rs C[. mrN

ki[En&> Yt&> nY). d&:K nY). Jvnn&> ck\ ti[ sdi ciÃyi kr[ C[. minv) a[k Sr)r FirN kr[ C[

a[ JN< Yti b)j&> Sr)r a[ FirN kr) l[ C[. aiRmi ki[E (dvs mrti[ nY) a[ ti[ Sr)r

bdÃyi kr[ C[. aim, aiRmi (vS[n&> v](dk t_v(c>tn ai aBN, gmir, ar·yvis)ai[mi> pN

ji[vi mL[ C[.

6.4.5: 6.4.5: 6.4.5: 6.4.5: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ai'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ai'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ai'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[ll[Kiy[ll[Kiy[ll[Kiy[l d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[----

uRsvi[:uRsvi[:uRsvi[:uRsvi[:

ai ar·yvis)ai[ni (v(vF d[vtiai[ an[ th[viri[ C[. a[mni m&²y d[vtiai[ C[

'drm*" an[ 'drtn)". drm* a[Tl[ Fm<d[vti k[ s*y<d[vti an[ drtn) a[Tl[ Frt) miti. a[vi[

'zikr d[vti"n) pN p*ji kr[ C[. ai upri>t 'm[(ryi p*ji" a[Tl[ k[ b(lp*ji pN krvimi

aiv[ C[. l[Kk ail[K[ C[: ''yh p\s(Ü m[(ryi-p*ji {b(l-p*ji} k>F d[S m[> p*s k[ lgt[ ai]r miG k[

cQt[ h) h&ai krt) h].""58585858 ai b(l-p*ji k>F d[S pi[P misn) S$aitmi krvimi aivt) ht).

ai b(l-p*jini (dvs[ ph[li ti[ miNsn) b(l cQivvimi aivt) ht). nvlkYikir ail[K[

C[: ''un (dni[>, phl[ jmin[ m[>, ti[ aij k[ (dn min&s-b(l pDi krt) Y). b(l pDn[ vil[ aidm) ki[ k&C

(dn phl[ s[ h) si‡vti k[ Gr m[> rKi jiti Yi. usk) rKvil) k) jit) Y). p*ji k[ (dn li[g ki[lihl

krt[ h&E usn[ lin[ jiyi krt[ Y[.""59595959 a[ smy[ aijni (dvs[ miNsn) b(l cQivvimi aivt).

b(l cQnir Äy(ktn[ k[Tlik (dvs ph[liY) si>vti {m&K)}ni Gr[ riKvimi> aivti[ hti[.

a[n) rK[viL) krvimi> aivt). p*jini (dvs[ ki[lihlp*N< vitivrNmi> a[n[ l[vi miT[ gimni

li[ki[ jti hti. m&K)n[ $(pyi aip) b(lni miNsn[ Kr)d) l[vimi> aivti[. a[ Äy(ktn[

drm*-drtn) miT[ b(l aipvimi> aivt) ht). pN aij[ smy bdliyi[ C[. nvlkYikir

336

vN<v[ C[ t[m: ''ab jmini bdl gyi h]. min&s-b(l ki (rvij ti[ ab ai]r rhi nh)>. ab ti[ min&s k[

bdl[ s*ar ai]r s*ar B) n (mli, ti[ c*h[ k) b(l cQit[ h]>.""60606060 aij[ jmini[ bdliyi[ C[. mn&Oy

b(lni[ (rvij hv[ rHi[ nY). hv[ mn&Oyn[ bdl[ B*>D k[ B*>D pN n mL[ ti[ udrn) b(l

cQivvimi> aiv[ C[. aim ai ai(dvis) li[ki[ ph[li Bgvinn[ mn&Oyn) b(l cQivti hti.

hv[ bdliy[li smymi> t[ai[ B*>D k[ u>drn) b(l cQiv[ C[.

p\ic)n smymi> d[vtiai[n[ mn&Oy b(l Si miT[ aipvimi aivt) a[ (vS[

nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[: ''min&s k) FirNi Y) (k apn[ h) grm-grm li[h* ki tp<N krn[ s[ d[vti ki[

Si(ºt (mlt) h]. es)(lE min&s apni b(ldin krti Yi, aiRmRyig krti Yi.""61616161 ai ji(tni li[ki[n)

a[v) FirNi ht) k[ pi[tini j grm-grm li[h)n&> tp<N krviY) d[vtiai[n[ Si>(t mLS[. miT[

mn&Oy pi[tin&> b(ldin aipti[ hti[, aiRmRyig krti[ hti[. a[ p*ji piCL, minvn&> li[h)

ap<N krti piCL a[mni[ h[t& S&> hti[ a[ ti[ a[mni g)tni aiFir[ Äykt Yt) ji[E Skiy C[:

''ki[e< n (mT[, biG n rh[

sB) s&K Bi[g[>, Si(ºt s[ rh[>,

ri¶y m[> akil pD[ ti[ pD[, d[S m[> akil n pD[

¼yij k) fsl Br)-p*r) hi[, lhs&n k) fsl Br)-p*r) hi[‘‘‘

hm mhip\B& ki[ n]v[F d[t[ h]>, h[ d[vti, hm t&Àh[> Bi[g d[t[ h]!

ri¶y u¶¶vl hi[, d[S u¶¶vl hi[, t&Àhir[ Bi[g pin[ s[.""

aim pi[tin&> S&B Yiy, ji(tn&> S&B Yiy, d[Sn&> S&B Yiy, minv ji(tn&> S&B Yiy a[ j

mni[kimni ai ai(dm li[ki[n) C[. pi[tini (vAtirmi> d&OkiL n pD[, K[t) Brp*r Yiy miT[

a[vi[ b(l cQiv[ C[. ah)> a[k vit a[ pN ni[>Fv) j$r) gNiS[ k[ rijy a[ d[S krti mi[T)

(vBivni C[. rijy S¾dn[ a[ smg\ (vAtir-p\d[Sni s>dB<mi> l[ti ji[vi mL[ C[ jyir[ d[S

a[Tl[ k[ a[mni[ k>d p\d[S-a[ (vAtir, a[ j a[mni[ d[S.

ai p\d[Sni b)ji d[vtiai[ (vS[ nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''j>gl-j>gl m[> 'hi[$-p[n*"

{vn d[vti} h]>. nim l[k[ p&kiri[ ti[ 'ai[-i[-i[" khkr g&hir ki jvib d[t[ h] ai]r kh)> B) jiai[ k>F-jgt`

337

k[ Gr-d[vti 'zikr-p[n*" ti[ h]> h).""62626262 aim ai k>F ji(tni li[ki[ni d[vtiai[mi> j[m Frt) miti,

s*y< d[v k[ Fm< d[v C[ t[m vn d[vti an[ zikr d[vti pN a(AtRv Friv[ C[.

6.4.6: 6.4.6: 6.4.6: 6.4.6: 'amZt[r s>tin'amZt[r s>tin'amZt[r s>tin'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l d>tkYiai[ d>tkYiai[ d>tkYiai[ d>tkYiai[----li[kkYiai[li[kkYiai[li[kkYiai[li[kkYiai[----

li[knZRyli[knZRyli[knZRyli[knZRy----li[kg)ti[:li[kg)ti[:li[kg)ti[:li[kg)ti[:

k>F ji(tni li[ki[mi> d>tkYiai[ p\c(lt C[ t[ aipN[ ji[ES&>. aim pN ai(dvis)ai[ni[

ki[E (SOT e(this mLti[ nY). a[mni at)tn) zlk ti[ aipNn[ mL[ C[ a[mn)

d>tkYiai[mi>, li[kkYiai[mi>, li[knZRy k[ li[kg)ti[mi>. ai k>F ji(t (v(Bºn Ti[Lk)ai[mi>

vh[>ciy[l) ht) a[n[ a[k j*Y n)c[ livvin&> kiy< rim[ ky&<> ht&>. a[ (vS[n) d>tkYi ai

(vAtirmi> p\c(lt C[. nvlkYikir kh[ C[: ''bD[-b*Q[ kht[ Y[ (k kB) (ks) jmin[ m[> rim nim k[

ki[e< rijk&mir Y[. vh apn) A#i) ai]r Bie< ki[ l[kr es) vn m[> Big aiE Y[. un (dni[> k>F d[S m[> d(xN

k[ sih*kiri[> ki Bir) aRyicir f]li Yi‘‘‘ p\iAki {hn&min bºdr} v>S k[ hn& k>F ai]r ji>biki {Bil&} gi[#i

k[ ji>bvin n[ unk) shiyti k) Y). tmim d*sr[-d*sr[ gi[#ii[> k[ k>F unk) s[ni m[> (spih) bn gE Y[.

T&kDi[>-T&kDi[> m[> (bKr) h&e< k>F ji(t ki[ rim n[ Ekj&T (kyi Yi. d)n-h)n d(rW mj*ri[> ai]r (ksini[> k)

s[ni n[ brC[, Ki‡D[, pRYr ai]r bi‡s l[-l[kr 'p*‡j)vid)" s¿yti k[ (v$Ü y&Ü (kyi Yi ai]r us[ ulT-

plT Dili Yi.""63636363 vPi[< ph[li> rim nimni rijk&mir pi[tin) pRn) an[ BiEn[ lEn[ ai

j>gli[mi> aiÄyi hti. a[ smy[ k>F d[Smi> d(xNni Sih&kiri[ni[ K*b aRyicir f[liy[li[ hti[.

p*>Jp(tai[ni aRyiciri[n) sim[ a[mn[ nvi n[ti mÇyi hti. p\iAki v>Sni hn& k>F an[

jibiki gi[#ini ji>bvin[ a[mn[ mdd kr) ht). (v(Bºn gi[#ini k>F a[mn) s[nimi> ji[Diyi

hti. nini-nini kb)liai[mi> vh[>ciy[l) k>F ji(tn[ rim[ a[k#i kr), a[ksiY[ B[gi kyi< hti.

ai d)n-h)n mj*ri[ an[ K[D*ti[n) s[nia[ p*>Jvid) s¿yti (v$Ü lDiE kr) an[ a[mi> Jt

m[Lv) ht). aim rimiyNni pi]ri(Nk pi#ii[ a[mn) d>tkYiai[mi> up(AYt Yti ji[E Skiy C[.

k>F ji(tni li[ki[ni[ jºm kE r)t[ Yyi[ a[ (vS[n) d>tkYi pN ai (vAtirmi> p\c(lt

C[. Frt) a[ smy[ biÃyvAYimi ht). cir[ (dSiai[mi> fkt kidv-n[-kidv hti[ an[ piN)

an[ piN)n&> sim\ijy ht&>. ziDviai[ k[ Ci[Dviai[ kS&> n ht&>. a[ kidv an[ piN)Y) Cviy[li

338

(vAtirmi> Frt) mitia[ p\Ym k>F-k>Fn)n[ jºm ai¼yi[. B*t-p\[t a[mn[ Kivi di[Dyi. s*y<

mhip\B&a[ sit (dvs s&F) a>Fi$ f[liv) a[mn[ C&piv) ri²yi. ajviL&> Yti Frt) s&kiy

an[ j>gli[ U³yi. mhip\B&a[ kH&> k[ hv[ Gr-s>sir mi>Di[. pC) a[mN[ b>n[n&> (mln ky&<> Ryir[

a[vi[ kh[vi li³yi k[ am[ ti[ BiE-bh[n C[. pC) licir YE mhip\B&a[ S)tLi nim[ ri[gn&>

sj<n ky&<>. a[ ri[g[ BiE-bh[n b>n[ni ch[ri bdl) ni²yi. pC) a[vi[ a[k-b)jin[ ai[LK) n

Skti p(t-pRn) bn) Gr-s>sir mi>Dyi[. a[mni sit Ci[kri Yyi. dr[k Ci[krini nim prY)

v>Sn&> nim pDy&>. a[mni sgiai[ni nim[ v>Si[ S$ Yyi. d[vtiai[ v¹yi. kiydi-kin*ni[ bºyi.

e(this-p&riN bºyi. Ryir bid a[ d[S a[mni hiYmi>Y) n)kL) gyi[. aim ai k>F ji(tmi>

a[mni jºm (vS[n) d>tkYi p\c(lt C[ j[n[ l[Kk Bivk sim[ p\AtZt kr[ C[.

b>Di prji ji(tn) A#i)ai[ Si miT[ n³n j hi[y C[ a[ (vS[n) pN a[k d>tkYi C[.

nvlkYikri ail[K[ C[: ''unk) (A#iyi[> ki[ n>g) rhn[ ki Sip h]. s)tij) ki Sip. vnvis k[ (dni[> m[>

s)tid[v) D&D&mi {jlp\pit} k[ pin) m[> n>g) nhi rh) Y). b>Di prji ai]rti[> n[ unk) hi>s) uDie<. es)(lE

Sip h]. us) (dn s[ v[ n>g) h], (sr s[ m&>D) h]>, bil nh) rKt)>.""64646464 a[v&> kh[viy C[ k[ vnvisi[ni

(dvsi[mi> s)ti ai vnni ki[E jlp\pitmi> n³n nih) rh) ht) Ryir[ b>Di prji ji(tn)

A#i)ai[a[ a[n) hi>s) uDiv) ht). miT[ a[mn[ Sip aipvimi aiÄyi[ hti[. an[ a[j (dvsY)

a[ai[ n³n C[, miY&> m&>Dn kriv[l C[, viL riKt) nY). ai d>tkYiai[n) siY[ siY[ ai

ai(dvis) smijmi> j[ li[kg)ti[ C[ t[n&> pN (n$pN l[Kk kr[ C[.

6.4.7: 6.4.7: 6.4.7: 6.4.7: 'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t: A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t:

'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> j[ ai(dvis) smij ail[Kiyi[ C[ a[ ai(dvis) k>F

smijmi> A#i)ai[n) p(r(AY(t k[v) C[ t[ni[ (ctir pN aipN[ nvlkYimi>Y) mL) rh[ C[. aim

ji[vi jEa[ ti[ k>F smij pN p&$P p\Fin smij C[. ti[ pN b)ji ai(dvis) smiji[n) j[m

ah)> pN A#i)ai[ni[ drjji[ p&$P smin j C[. p&$P p\Fin smij trfY) a[mn[ aºyiy ti[

Yti[, ti[ pN a[mn[ ai k>F ji(t smijmi> sic&> min-pin pN mLt&> ht&>. di$ ai ai

smijni li[ki[ni[ siY) C[, pC) a[ A#i) hi[y k[ p&$P bFi siY[ b[s)n[ pN di$ p)ti.

nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''kh)> p&$Pi[> ki mdpin cl rhi h], ti[ kh)> A#i)ai[> ki.""65656565 ai kYn prY)

339

a[Tl&> ti[ smJ Skiy k[ p&$Pi[n) j[m A#i)ai[ pN mFpin kr[ C[ an[ a[mn[ pN ai smij[

mFpin krvin) C*T aip) C[.

k>F ji(tn) ai A#i)ai[ fkt nij&k nmN) j nY) a[ai[ KDtr pN C[. kirN ai

phiD) (vAtirmi> rh[ti p\kZ(t j a[mn[ KDtl bniv) d[ C[. a[n&> u_im udihrN ti[ aipNn[

nvlkYin) ni(yk p&y* p*r&> piD[ C[. p&y*ni p[Tmi> niv misni[ gB< C[ a[v) avAYimi pN a[

j>glmi> likDi kipvi jiy C[. a[ smyn) (AY(tni[ (ctir aipti nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[:

''p[T Bir) h]. ni] mih k[ gB< ki bi[z h]‘‘‘ (nj<n-(nÆS¾d vn h]. pr n)c[ drtn) h]>, Upr drm* h]. (vVis

h]. c)ºhi-phcini j>gl h]. p&y* ki[ ki[e< Dr-By nh)>. p[T k[ B)tr ki (v(c#i j)v n jin[ kb s[ uski

Ek nyi s>g) bn gyi h].""66666666 p&y*ni p[Tmi> nv misni[ gB< C[. a[ gB<vAYimi> j[ a[ j>glmi>

likDi kipvi jiy C[. a[n&> p[T Bir) C[. nv misni[ gB<n&> vjn C[. (nj<n, (n:S¾d vn C[.

pN n)c[ Frt) miti C[ an[ upr s*y< d[vti C[. a[n[ (vVis C[. ji[y[l&>-jiN[l&>-ai[Liy[l&>

j>gl C[. p&y*n[ ki[E Dr-By nY). p[Tmi> rh[l (v(c#i Jv n jiN[ kyirY) a[ni[ nvi[ siY)

C[. ah)>. aipN[ ji[E Sk)a[ C)a[ k[ nv misni[ gB< hi[vi Cti> p&y* phiD pr likDi kipvi

jiy C[. ai ai(dvis) A#i)ai[n) K&mir) nY) ti[ b)j&> S&> C[. likDi kipvi gy[l) p&y*ni

p[Tmi> d&:K vFt&> jiy C[ an[ a[ cir hjir f*Tn) u>ciE a[kl) C[. a[v) avAYimi> a[ a[k

biLkn[ jºm aip[ C[. nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[: ''abl hiYi[> m[> Ek Firdir pRYr l[kr p&y* n[ aip h)

apn[ bµc[ k) nir kiT d). kT) jgh pr phcin) dvi ki p_ii k&cl kr l[p (dyi. aip Ek ai]r b&T)

uKiD kr Ki l). bµc[ k[ m&‡h m[> Ek ai]r Kis p_i[ ki rs cTi (dyi.""67676767 pi[tini hiYY) j a[N[

biLk siY[ ji[Diy[l) niD kip) niK). kpiy[l) j³yia[ j>glmi>Y) ki[Ek jiN)ti dvini pN<

lE a[ni[ l[p kyi[<. biLkn[ pN a[k Kis pN<ni[ rs piyi[. a[Tl&> ti[ kh)> Skiy k[ ai

ar·yvis)ai[ p\kZ(tni s>tini[ C[, p\kZ(tni Ki[L[ j a[ai[ jºm[ C[ an[ mZRy& pN pim[ C[. ai

p\kZ(t j a[mn[ Jvn Jvvi miT[n) simg\) p*r) piDt) hi[y C[. j>glni[ vis) hi[y a[n[

a[Tl&> ti[ Kbr j hi[vin&> k[ kyi> fL, f*l, m*L an[ Cilni[ kriy k[ n kriy.

k>F ji(tn) miti pi[tini biLkn[ kE r)t[ mi[T&> kr[ C[ a[ (vS[ nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[:

''k>(Fn) miti gv< k[ siY bµc[ ki[ (plit) h]. vh abl ti[ nh)>, d&bl) ti[ nh)>, bi‡z ti[ nh)> h] n? usn[

340

apn[ li[h* s[ gQ kr bµc[ ki[ t]yir (kyi h]. us[ d*F (plikr min&P bnin[ k) S(±t B) rKt) h].""68686868

k>(Fn) miti pi[tini biLkn[ gv<Y) d*F (pvDiv[ C[. gv< a[n[ a[ vitn&> C[ k[ a[ abLi nY),

aSkt nY) an[ vi>zN) nY). a[ (vcir[ C[ k[ a[N[ pi[tini li[h)Y) biLkn[ bniÄy&> C[. a[n[

pi[tin&> d*F (pvDiv)n[ miNs bnivvin) S(kt pN a[nimi> rh[l) C[. ai k>F ji(tmi> A#i)ai[

k>F li[ki[n) b[qki[mi> b[s) Sk[ C[. a[ b[qki[mi> A#i)ai[ pi[tini (vciri[ pN p\gT kr) Sk[ C[.

a[Tl[ k[ A#i)ai[n[ ai smijmi> smintini[ a(Fkir mL[l C[. ai upri>t ki[E A#i)n&> mn n

min[ ti[ b)ji l³n krvi a[Tl[ k[ b)ji[ p(t krvi miT[ pN a[n[ a(Fkir mL[ C[.

nvlkYikir kh[ C[: ''mn n min[ ti[ nyi p(t kr l[n[ ki a(Fkir k>F-d[S m[> h].""69696969 a[k

li[kg)tmi> ai phiD) A#i)ai[n&> s&>dr vN<n l[Kk kr[ C[. a[ g)tmi> A#i)ai[ pi[tin) jitn[

phiDi[n) ckl)ai[ siY[ srKiv[ C[ k[ j[ siY)n[ Si[F[ C[, b>F&n[ Si[F[ C[. a[vi ki[E (p>jrimi>

rh[nir ckl)ai[ nY).

ai k>F ji(tni li[ki[mi> A#i)ai[n) j[ p(r(AY(t C[ t[ni[ (ctir pN aipNn[ mL) rh[

C[. nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''k>F d[S m[> p(t ki[ nhlini pRn) ki a(Fkir ai]r a¿yis di[ni[> h) hi[ti

h]. cih[ ki[e< (ktn) B) h‡s) ±yi[> n uDiE, l[(kn k>F d[S k[ diÀpRy j)vn ki etni jri-si yh Avi‡g

bh&t h) p&rini (SOTcir h].""70707070 k>F p\d[Smi> p(tn[ Anin krivv&> a[ pRn)ni[ a(Fkir an[

a¿yis b>n[ minvimi> aiv[ C[. ki[E gm[ t[Tl&> h>s[ pN k>F p\d[Sni diÀpRy Jvnmi> ai

nin) GTni K*b p\ic)n (SOTcir minvimi> aiv[ C[. aim A#i)ai[n[ j[ a(Fkiri[ ai p\d[Smi>

mL[ C[ t[ni[ (ctir ah)> aipNn[ mL) rh[ C[.

6.4.8: 6.4.8: 6.4.8: 6.4.8: 'amZt[r s>ti'amZt[r s>ti'amZt[r s>ti'amZt[r s>tin" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l simi(jk p(rvt<nn" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l simi(jk p(rvt<nn" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l simi(jk p(rvt<nn" nvlkYimi> ail[Kiy[l simi(jk p(rvt<n::::

Sh[r) s¿ytin&> aik\mN F)r F)r[ ai phiD) (vAtirmi> pN vF) rH&> C[. j[Y) a[mni[

smij F)r[ F)r[ (vniSni mig[< Fk[liE rHi[ C[. ai B*(m, ai vni[-j>gli[, ai phiDi[ bFi

a[mni j hti pN hv[ a[mn&> kS&> rH&> nY). ph[li m[dini[mi> rh[ti, a[ m[dini[ (CnviE jti

t[ai[ phiDi[ pr aiv) gyi C[. phiD pN hv[ ti[ b)jiai[n) s>p(_i bn) gyi C[. srb*ni

m&K[ nvlkYikir ail[K[ C[: ''d&Bi³y (dn-pr-(dn bQti h) ji rhi h]. trie< k[ m]dini[> k) spiT Frt)

(Cn ge<, ti[ k>F en phiDi[> pr cQ aiE. ab phiD B) sir[-k[-sir[ priyi[> k[ hi[ gE h]. apni khn[ ki[

341

ab k&C nh)> rh gyi h]. ab ti[ bs, priyi[> ki bi[z h] ai]r priyi[> ki h) j&ai h]. k>Fi[ ki rij (mT c&ki

h]. unki d[S (Cºn-(Bºn hi[ c&ki h]. (ks) (dn E[si B) hi[ skti h] (k li[g yh B) B*l b]q[> (k k>F nim

k[ B) kB) ki[e< li[g Y[.""71717171 k>Fi[n&> rijy nOT YE gy&> C[. a[mni[ d[S (Cºn-(Bºn YE gyi[ C[.

ki[E (dvs a[vi[ aivS[ k[ jyir[ li[ki[ a[ pN B*l) jS[ k[ k>F nimni ki[E li[ki[ pN hti.

a[mni[ d[S gyi[, s¿yti t*T)-f*T) gE. bF&> nOT YE gy&>. bµyi[ C[ ti[ fkt ai

ai(dm phiD) (vAtir. k>F ji(tni[ j>glni[ siY sdi ciÃyi[ aiÄyi[ C[. jyi> jyi> j>gli[ C[

Ryi> Ryi> k>F li[ki[ C[. Sh[r) s¿ytin&> aik\mN Yti, j>gli[ni[ niS Yiy C[ an[ k>F li[ki[ pN

a[ j>gl (v(hn p\d[Sn[ Ci[D) b)ji (vAtirmi ciÃyi jiy C[. nvlkYikir vN<v[ C[: ''K[ti[> k[

aibid hi[t[ h) p)C[-p)C[ lg) 's¿yti" ait) h]. aYi<t` sih*kir ait[ h], sf[dpi[S ait[ h]>. jb v[ d[Kt[

h]> (k jm)n aµC) h], ti[ zT us[ h(Yli l[t[ h]> ai]r k>F vhi‡ s[ hTkr ai]r Upr phiDi[> pr cQ jiti h].

es trh n)c[ s[ s¿yti us[ Kd[Dt) h) jit) h] ai]r vh sdi-Upr sdi-Upr cQti h) jiti h]. es)(lE

jhi‡ j>gl h], vh)> k>F h]>. j>gl kT jit[ h], (dSiE‡ K&l jit) h]>, ti[ k>F B) vhi> s[ uD jit[ h].""72727272

aiF&(nk s¿ytin&> aik\mN ai phiD) (vAtirmi> pN YE rH&> C[. aiF&(nk s¿ytini

Sih&kiri[ an[ sf[dpi[S a[Tl[ k[ a(Fkir)ai[ a[mni (vAtirmi> aivti Yiy C[, a[mn) jm)ni[

ji[E C[ an[ ji[ sir) jm)n hi[y ti[ a[ C)nv) l[ C[. k>F fr) phiDn) upr trf pi[tini[

visi[ lE jiy C[. aim aiF&(nk s¿ytini aik\mNY) k>F ji(tni[, a[mn) s>AkZ(tni[ an[

pr>priai[ni[ (vniS YE rHi[ C[. a(Fkir)ai[ni SrNmi> j[ rh[ C[ t[mni ti[ sit K*n pN

mif krvimi aiv[ C[. ag*>qi[ an[ kigL, kigL an[ a>g*qi[ ai b>n[n) adli-bdl)Y)

jm)ni[ a[mn[ mL) jiy C[. j[n) liq) a[n) B[>s a[ kh[vt ah)> lig&> pDt) ji[E Skiy C[.

k>F ji(tni[ ki[E Äy(kt j[vi[ kigL pr pi[tini[ ag*>qi[ aip[ C[ an[ trt j a[ phiDi[ pr

b)J nv) jm)n Si[Fvin) S$ait kr) d[ C[. ai a[mn) viAt(vkti C[ j[ nvlkYikir

Bivk sim[ ujigr kr[ C[.

À·yipiy&, b>(dkir an[ (mD(TD vg[r[ gimi[ hj& j>gli[ vµc[ C[. aiF&(nk s¿ytin&>

aik\mN p*ri ji[SY) hj& ai (vAtirmi> Yy&> nY). ah)> j>gli[ C[, viG C[, p\ic)n r)(t-

(rviji[ hyit C[, a[mn) pi[tin) miºytiai[ C[. pr>priai[ C[. aij[ pN gimni m&K)n&> min-

342

pin C[. j>gl) f*li[, v[l)ai[, ltiai[ C[ ti[ nini-nini zrNiai[ klrv krti vHi> kr[ C[.

j>gl) p\iN)ai[ pN C[ an[ px)ai[ pN C[. ti[ pN ai giQ j>glmi> biH d&(nyini[ p\Biv

Yi[Di[gNi[ vti<y rHi[ C[. minv b(l-p\Yi b>F YE gE C[. srkir) a(Fkir)ai[ m&likit[

aivti Yyi C[. krv[ri[ l[nir a(Fkir)ai[ pN aivti Yyi C[. a[ upri>t j>glKitini

a(Fkir)ai[ pN j>gln[ Yti n&ksinn[ ji[vi aiv[ C[. Sih&kiri[ pi[t[ C)nv) l)F[l) jm)n

ji[vi aiv[ C[. ti[ pN aiF&(nkt s¿ytin&> aik\mN vF& t)v\ nY). kirN k[ ai phiD)

(vAtirmi> hj& s&F) pik) sDk bn) nY). a[Tl[ phiDi[ni B[d, rhAy hj& s&F) bhir aiÄyi

nY).

6.5: 6.5: 6.5: 6.5: ups>hir:ups>hir:ups>hir:ups>hir:

p\AtZt nvlkYi 'amZt[r s>tin"mi> ~) gi[p)niY m>h(ta[ ai[(rAsini k>F ji(tni

ai(dvis)ai[n) kYi k[ºWmi> riK)n[ ail[K) C[. ai k>F p\d[S j>gli[Y) Cviy[li[ C[. k>F ji(t

ai(dkiLY) ai j>gli[ni Ki[L[ rh[t) aiv) C[. a[mni r)(t-(rviji[, pr>priai[, miºytiai[,

rh[N)-krN), th[viri[ an[ uRsvi[, d>tkYiai[ an[ li[kg)ti[ bF&> ah)> aivr) l[vimi> aiÄy&>

C[. 'b*Qi" phiDi[ pr vsti p\kZ(tni s>tini[n) ai kYi C[. a[mn) S]l)n) (c#iiRmkti aiKi

p\d[Sn[ aipN) sim[ tiÑS kr) d[ C[. p\kZ(tni> b)hD an[ rmN)y Av$pi[ ai>Ki[n[ ai>J ni>K[

C[. alg alg rNkir Frivti vnB*(mni ninimi[Ti aviji[ kin Br) d[ C[. ''m[li[> ai]r

uRsvi[> k[ vN<n m[> B) l[Kk n[ p\ikZ(tk p(rv[S ki[ Äy(±tRv (dyi h]. tmim mni[Bivi[> ki[ Äy±t krn[ m[>

l[Kk p\kZ(t ki ai~y l[ti h]. p\kZ(t-p\kZ(t-p\kZ(t! upºyis pQ l[n[ k[ bid (c_i m[> p\kZ(t Ci jit) h].

ai]r usk) (n(bD Ciyi m[> cmkt[ h]> k>F ji(t k[ $p m[> phcin[ jit[ c]tºy k[ aN&!""73737373 aim,

nvlkYimi>Y) psir Yti p\kZ(t pi[tin) a[k Cip ti[ Ci[D) j jiy C[. p\kZ(t n³n ti[ hi[y j

C[. p\kZ(tY) gNtr) S$ kr)a[ ti[ kE vAt& ah)> a[v) C[ k[ j[ n³n nY). ah)> ai li[ki[mi>

n³nti C[ pN ki[E (vkir nY). (n(v<kirti bF[ ji[vi mL[ C[. gi[p)niYn) ai nvlkYi k>F

ji(tni Jvnn[ ail[Kt) mhikYi C[. pi#isZ(OT pN (v(v¹ysBr C[. p\kZ(tn) siY[ pi[tin)

a[k ani[K), aigv) k>F ji(tni smijn) pr>pri an[ s>AkZ(t C[. ah)> (n$piy[l) s>AkZ(t

343

pN ai nvlkYin) a[k (vS[Pti C[. a[k j&di j p\d[Sn) s>AkZ(t an[ p\kZ(tn[ ai nvlkYi

oiri mi·yini[ Bivk s>tZ(Otni Biv siY[ an&Bv kr[ C[. a[ j ai nvlkYin) fl~&(t k[

upl(¾F kh) Skiy C[.

’ ’ ’ ’ ’

344

pidT)p pidT)p pidT)p pidT)p

1. pT[l, Bi[LiBiE: 'p*vi<pr", air.air. S[qn) k>pn), m&>bE, p\Ym aivZ(_i:

1976, pZ: 89.

2. pT[l, Bi[LiBiE: 'kilp&r&P", air.air. S[qn) k>pn), m&>bE, p\Ym aivZ(_i:

1979, pZ: 182 Y) 183.

3. m>h(t, gi[p)niY: 'amZt[r s>tin", si(hRy aikd[m), (dÃh), p&nm&<WN:

2005, pZ: 02.

4. a[jn: pZ: 03.

5. a[jn: pZ: 09.

6. a[jn: pZ: 10.

7. a[jn: pZ: 16.

8. a[jn: pZ: 25.

9. a[jn: pZ: 90.

10. a[jn: pZ: 120.

11. a[jn: pZ: 169.

12. a[jn: pZ: 360.

13. a[jn: pZ: 445.

14. a[jn: pZ: 02.

15. a[jn: pZ: 32.

16. a[jn: pZ: 60.

17. a[jn: pZ: 157.

18. a[jn: pZ: 715.

19. a[jn: pZ: 11.

345

20. a[jn: pZ: 11.

21. a[jn: pZ: 12.

22. a[jn: pZ: 26.

23. a[jn: pZ: 29.

24. a[jn: pZ: 54 Y) 55.

25. a[jn: pZ: 90.

26. a[jn: pZ: 507.

27. a[jn: pZ: 741.

28. a[jn: pZ: 29.

29. a[jn: pZ: 62.

30. a[jn: pZ: 90.

31. a[jn: pZ: 169.

32. a[jn: pZ: 644.

33. a[jn: pZ: 273.

34. a[jn: pZ: 432.

35. a[jn: pZ: 522.

36. a[jn: pZ: 644.

37. a[jn: pZ: 11.

38. a[jn: pZ: 09.

39. a[jn: pZ: 12.

40. a[jn: pZ: 199.

41. a[jn: pZ: 567

42. a[jn: pZ: 197 Y) 198.

43. a[jn: pZ: 201.

44. a[jn: pZ: 661.

346

45. a[jn: pZ: 19.

46. a[jn: pZ: 22.

47. a[jn: pZ: 35 Y) 36.

48. a[jn: pZ: 56.

49. a[jn: pZ: 207.

50. a[jn: pZ: 478.

51. a[jn: pZ: 03.

52. a[jn: pZ: 10.

53. a[jn: pZ: 34.

54. a[jn: pZ: 123.

55. a[jn: pZ: 180.

56. a[jn: pZ: 185.

57. a[jn: pZ: 814.

58. a[jn: pZ: 05.

59. a[jn: pZ: 05 Y) 06.

60. a[jn: pZ: 06.

61. a[jn: pZ: 06.

62. a[jn: pZ: 123.

63. a[jn: pZ: 04.

64. a[jn: pZ: 718.

65. a[jn: pZ: 13.

66. a[jn: pZ: 27.

67. a[jn: pZ: 31.

68. a[jn: pZ: 39.

69. a[jn: pZ: 129.

347

70. a[jn: pZ: 158.

71. a[jn: pZ: 03.

72. a[jn: pZ: 97.

73. ci]Fr), rG&v)r: 'ai>c(lk ai]r aiF&(nk", r>goir p\kiSn, amdivid, p\Ym aivZ(_i: 1999, pZ: 120.

’ ’ ’ ’ ’