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SUBPROGRAM XVSUBPROGRAM XV
CORROSION AND ENVIRONMENTALCORROSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ON MATERIALSIMPACT ON MATERIALS
InternationalInternational CoordinatorCoordinator :: Dr. LeonardoDr. Leonardo UllerUller/Brasil (1988/Brasil (1988--
2001); Dra.2001); Dra. CarmenCarmen Andrade/Andrade/EspaEspaaa (Since 2002)(Since 2002)
EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ONEFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ONREINFORCED CONCRETE DURABILITY INREINFORCED CONCRETE DURABILITY IN
IBEROAMERICAN COUNTRIES:IBEROAMERICAN COUNTRIES: DURACON PROJECT/CYTEDDURACON PROJECT/CYTED
InternationalInternational CoordinatorCoordinator : Prof.: Prof. OladisOladis T. deT. de RincRincnn
DirectorDirector ofofCentro deCentro de EstudiosEstudios dde Corrosie Corrosinn,,
FacultadFacultad dede IngenierIngenieraa ddee lala Universidad del Zulia.Universidad del Zulia.
MaracaiboMaracaibo--VenezuelaVenezuela
Jo r n a d a s d e
DURA B I L I DAD
To unify criteria, knowledge, experiences. among
Iberoamerican Specialists
Argentin
a BoliviaBraz
il
Colombia
CostaRi
ca
Spain
Mxico
Chile
Portugal
Uruguay
Vene
zuela
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
ARGENTINA
BRAZIL
COLOMBIA
CHILE
COSTA RICA
SPAIN
MEXICO
PORTUGAL
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
BOLIVIA
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
TheThe aimaim ofof thisthis projectproject is tois to characterizecharacterize thethe
durabilitydurability ofof concreteconcrete exposedexposed tto prevailingo prevailing
environmentalenvironmental conditionsconditions inin IberoIbero--AmericaAmerica,,
implementingimplementing naturalnatural testtest stationsstations inin eacheach countrycountry
inin atat leastleast twotwo sitessites withwith differentdifferent atmospheresatmospheresoneone
in a marinein a marine environmentenvironment,, anotheranother inin anan urbanurban
environmentenvironment..
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
MechanicalMechanical andand physicalphysical characterizationcharacterization,, duringduring
fabricationfabrication andand 2828 daysdays thereafterthereafter,, ofof concreteconcrete withwith thethe
samesame mixturemixture asas thethe onesones thatthat willwill bebe exposedexposed inin thethenaturalnatural testtest stationsstations..
ExposingExposing concreteconcrete specimensspecimens,, withwith//withoutwithout reinforcementreinforcement
inin thethe naturalnatural testtest stationsstations for afor a periodperiod ofofupup to fourto four yearsyears..
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
EvaluatingEvaluating climaticclimatic andand environmentalenvironmental parametersparameters
inin thethe exposureexposure sitessites duringduring thethe testtest periodperiod onon thethe
basisbasis ofof thethe methodologymethodology establishedestablished inin thethe ISOISO
Standards forStandards for thethe classificationclassification ofof atmosphericatmosphericaggressivenessaggressiveness..
DeterminingDetermining thethe potentialitypotentiality andand probabilityprobability inin
concreteconcrete toto initiateinitiate reinforcementreinforcement corrosioncorrosion byby
carbonationcarbonation,, dependingdepending onon thethe specificspecific environmentenvironment
wherewhere thethe probesprobes areare exposedexposed..
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
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PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
TypeType ofofAggregateAggregate :: CrushedCrushed 13 mm13 mm SiliceousSiliceous..
TypeType ofofSandSand:: QuartzQuartz--likelike..
PlastifierPlastifier:: SikaSika VZVZ PlastimentPlastiment, MBT, MBT PozzolitePozzolite oror similar,similar,
for w/c = 0.45.for w/c = 0.45.
MoldMold:: MetallicMetallic..
CuringCuring: In: In wetwet chamberchamber oror immersiimmersinn limelime waterwater..
MixtureMixture design indesign in accordanceaccordance withwith::
w/c = 0,45w/c = 0,45 andand 0.65. For w/c = 0.45 use a0.65. For w/c = 0.45 use a minimumminimum ofofcementcement, 400, 400
Kg/mKg/m33 ofofconcreteconcrete andand for w/c = 0.65 usefor w/c = 0.65 use minimumminimum ff cc = 210= 210
KgKg/cm/cm22..
MNZ = 13 mmMNZ = 13 mm
SettlingSettling = 10= 101 cm.1 cm.
A. Type of Probe: Cylindrical 15 x 30 cm.
Compressive strength (ASTM Standard C 39 ). At two ages (28 and90 days).
Indirect tensile strength (ASTM Standard C 496) Elasticity module (ASTM Standard C 469)
B. Type of Probe: In accordance with each particular test.
Resistivity (on saturated probe/ DURAR Manual) Total Absorption and Total Porosity (ASTM Standard C 642) Capillar Absorption (Fagerlund technique, express K, , ). Prepare
15x15x15 cm cubes andextract 10 cm x 5 cm-high cores. Permeability to chlorides (ASTM C 1202).
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PORTLAND I CEMENT USED
6.5012.5011.0064.002.500.430.330.9562.503.855.0021.50COSTA RICA
10.727,.618.2654.992.100.410.8564.392.954.4820.27VENEZUELA
8.3910.4119.8750.612.680.980.111.8862.173.425.3520.26PORTUGAL
3.5013.8020.5054.02.320.530.161.5163.374.544.2221.38MEXICO
0.4012.483.800.650.111.8565.844.102.3720.20SPAIN
6.611.416.066.02.20.400.202.762.03.304.6021.50CHILE
5.4511.4324.4949.211.930.220.191.5162.223.754.4620.48COLOMBIA
(2)
5.7311.3213.0662.76COLOMBIA
(1)
3.021.110.1957.32.795.1318.8BRAZIL
7.709.8219.2357.522.102.180.821.5147.682.686.7633.14BOLIVIA
-.--.--.-1.820.810.101.3861.524.983.8821.90ARGENTINA
C3AC4AFCsSC3SSO3K2ONa2OMgOCaOFe2O3Al2O3SiO2CHARACTER-
ISTICS
COUNTRY
1.64 10-47.603.71 1070.008215.256.7139.6533.82VENEZUELA
0.002013.1153.7548.75PORTUGAL
1.67 10-58.523.64 1070.014213.956.353.00MEXICO
9.80 10-55.2810.50 1070.00549.994.7059.3243.24SPAIN
1.42 10-42.593.55 1070.00488.952.4444.7043.60CHILE
9.70 10-57.4010.70 1070.00669.113.7953.2052.33COLOMBIA (2)
8.10 10-57.4015.26 1070.00608.213.3965.1762.02COLOMBIA (1)
4.00 10-55.1061.80 1070.00216.62.8044.3039.80ARGENTINA
28 d28 d28 d28 d28 d28 d90 d28 dTime
Capillary
Sorption
S
(m/s1/2)
Effective
Porosity
(%)
Resistance
towater
penetration
m (s/m2)
Capillary
Abso rptio n
(k/m2s1/2)
Total
Porosity
(%)
Total
Absor ption
(%)
Compression
Resistance(MPa)
CHARACTERISTICS
COUNTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCRETES PREPARED (w/c =0.45)
1,65 10-415,413,74 1070,025319,158,9330.826.8VENEZUELA
0,007712,637,032,75PORTUGAL
1.82 10-411.023.01 1070.02116.457.5532,3MEXICO
1,30 10-47,156,10 1070,009113,393,9034,3627,00SPAIN
2,11 10-416,132,25 1070,034117,025,2126,019,8CHILE
1,49 10-412,14,50 1070,008511,794,9130,2828,01COLOMBIA (2)
1,17 10-412,07,28 1070,012211,224,6638,5036,10COLOMBIA (1)
8,5 10-57,113,9 1070,060311,45,127,322,3ARGENTINA
28 d28 d28 d28 d28 d28 d90 d28 dTime
Capillary
Sorption
S
(m/s1/2)
Effective
Porosity
(%)
Resistance
towater
penetration
m (s/m2)
Capillary
Abso rptio n
(k/m2s1/2)
Total
Porosity
(%)
Total
Absor ption
(%)
Compression
Resistance
(MPa)
CHARACTERISTICS
COUNTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCRETES PREPARED (w/c =0.65)
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
1212 specimensspecimens forfor eacheach stationstation, 3/, 3/conditioncondition..
15x15x30 cm prismatic specimens with no reinforcement. 15x15x30 cm prismatic specimens with 6 reinforcements with
cover thicknesses of 1.5; 2.0; 3.0 cm.
Note: Meteorological and chemical parameters will be evaluated
monthly (ISO standards). Evaluation of the electrochemical
parameters (Ecorr, icorr, ) will be done in the same way. Chemical
analysis of the samples is being done annually, cutting a 5-cm thick
slice off the probes with no reinforcement. Carbonation will be
measured at the face of the cut. For Cl- analysis, a 5-cm core will
be taken outof thesample, at 3 cm fromthe lower border.
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
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RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
FREE FACE
DIRECTION OF CASTING
DIRECTION OF
PREVALING WIND
MaracaiboMaracaibo/Venezuela/Venezuela ElEl PoPoss/Costa Rica/Costa Rica
Santiago/ChileSantiago/ChileElEl PardoPardo/Uruguay/Uruguay
w/c = 0.65
w/c = 0.45
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
1.1. EnvironmentalEnvironmental HumidityHumidity..
2.2. ChlorideChloride ConcentrationConcentration..
3. Sulfate3. Sulfate ConcentrationConcentration..
4. Wind4. Wind PatternsPatterns..
5.5. PrecipitationPrecipitation..
6.6. TemperatureTemperature..
7.7. InsolationInsolation..
8. CO8. CO22 ConcentrationConcentration..
9.9. AnyAny othersothers thatthat maymay bebe consideredconsidered..
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
Test Stations
RED DURACONRED DURACONPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
Andrs Torres, Pedro CastroMexico
Ruby Mejas de Gutirrez, Silvio Del VastoColombia
Ericka Saborio, Catalina VillalobosCosta Rica
Isabel Martnez, Marta CastelloteSpain
Manuela Salta, Ana P. De MeloPortugal
Gerardo Rodrguez, Marit DerrgibusUruguay
Miguel Snchez, Emilia de PartidasVenezuela
Juan Carlos MontenegroBolivia
Maryangela Geimba De Lima, Paulo HeleneBrazil
Mirta Barboza, Edgardo IrassarArgentina
NATIONAL COORDINATORSCOUNTRY
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CategoryTOW
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Puerto Cabello/Venezuela Vigo/Espaa
Valparaiso/Chile
Estacin LaPaloma
Estacin LaPaloma
La Paloma/Uruguay
012345678
910
Valpa
raiso
Buenaventura
_M1
Buenaventura
_M2
Vigo
Prog
reso
Veracruz
Cabo
Raso_M1
Cabo
Raso_M2
LaPalo
ma
LaVoz
P.Cabe
llo
ftd h KCO2 K Cap HR Temp p luvia l Cl
43.652.362.0243.2433.8263.9fck(MPa)
82.889.289.269.090.074.0RH (%)
6.65.455.730.4010.728.39C3A
2.50x 10710.7 x 10715.26 x 10710.5x 1073.71 x 107m (s m-2)
13.407.407.405.287.60 (%)
0.00270.00660.00600.00540.00820.0020k (kg m-2 s -1/2)
w / c = 0,45
500658165811267,6398109Rain
(mm/year)
Environment
387400400400414.3400
19.2629.029.0156.21166.321392Cl - (mg/m2 d)
15.325.925.915.829.3517.0Temp. ( C)
0.700.890.890.310.670.46f()
Cement Content (Kg/cm3)
CHILE
(Valparaiso)
COLOMBIA (2)
(Buenaventura)
COLOMBIA (1)
(Buenaventura)
SPAIN
(Vigo)
VENEZUELA
(La Voz)
PORTUGAL
(Cabo Raso)
COUNTRY
(STATION)
Potentiality and Probability of Reinforcement
Corrosion onset in Concrete by Chloride PenetrationPROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
Venezuelafc
k= 33.82
C3A = 10.72
Cl- = 166.52 mg m-2 d-1
f() = 0.67
Rain= 398
= 7.22
Spainfc
k= 43.24
C3A = 0.40
Cl- = 156 mg m-2 d-1
f() = 0.31
Rain= 1267.6
= 5.28
Portugalfc
k= 63.90
C3A = 8,39
Cl- = 1392 mg m-2 d-1
f() =0.46
Rain= 109
Chilefc
k= 43.6
C3A = 6.6
Cl-
= 19.26 mg m-2
d-1
f() = 0.7
Rain= 500
= 13.4
Colombia (1)fc
k= 62.02
C3A = 5.73
Cl- = 29 mgm-2 d-1
f() = 1
Rain= 6581
= 10.0
REBAR CORROSION
PROBABILITY BY CHLORIDES
DIFFUSION (w/c=0.45)
Colombia (2)fc
k= 52.3
C3A = 5.45
Cl- = 29 mgm-2 d-1
f() = 0.89
Rain= 6581
= 10.0
PROJECT XV.3PROJECT XV.3
DURACONDURACON
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