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At the end of the lecture students should acquire theseabilities:
To discuss the legal basis
To analyse the purpose
To examine the procedure
To explain the assessment of market value
To evaluate the validity
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Torrens System NLC 1965 land belongs tostate
Powers of disposal - alienation -reversion
Land state matter
Land development by Federal & State
State needs to acquire alienated land fromregistered proprietor of alienated land
Definition of land acquisition
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Chiranjit Lal v. Union of India AIR 1951 SC 41
Acquisition means the acquiring of the entire
title of the expropriated owner, whatever thenature or extent of that title may be. The entire
bundle of rights which were vested in the originalholder would pass on acquisition to the acquirer
leaving nothing to the former.
At page 51
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Citizens view
strictly contrary to freedom of property in capitalist society.
Role/function of government welfare of society where
land is required to carry out this function land acquisitionbecomes necessary.
States view
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Legal Principle
Solus populi suprema lex
the public interest is paramount and that private interestmay in certain circumstances be subordinated to the higherinterest of the public.
Doctrine of eminent domainState of Bihar v. Kameshirar Singh
Yeap Seak Pen v. Government of Kelantan
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Legal Principle
The exercise of such power has been recognised in thejurisprudence of all civilised countries as conditioned bypublic necessity and payment of compensation.
Yeap Seak Pen v. Government of Kelantan
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Federal Constitution (Article 13)
Legal Principle
a. No person shall be deprived of property save inaccordance with law.
b. No law shall provide for compulsory acquisition or use
of property without adequate compensation.
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Charanjit Lal v. Union of India
Legal Principle
It is a right of every sovereign to take and appropriateprivate property belonging to individual citizens for publicuse. This right which is described as eminent domain inAmerican law, is like the power of taxation, an offspring ofpolitical necessity and it is supposed to be based upon animplied reservation by government that property acquiredby its citizens under its protection may be taken or its useis controlled for public benefit irrespective of the wishes ofthe owner.BK Mukherjee J.
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Federal Constitution
National Land Code 1965
Land Acquisition Act 1960 (Rev. 1965)
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Public Purpose
Syed Omar al-Sagoff & Anor v. Government of the State of
Johore [1979] 1 MLJ 49
Purpose
Kulaisingam & Anor v. Commissioner of Lands, FederalTerritory & Anor [1982] 1 MLJ 204
Yeap Seok Pen v. Government of State of Kelantan [1982]
2 MLJ 202 Stamford Holdings Sdn. Bhd. V. Kerajaan Negeri Johor &
4 Ors. [1995] 2 AMR 1138
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Section 3 Land Acquisition Act 1960
More cases on Public Purpose
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1. Declarations of Acquisition
(sections 4,5 & 6 - Forms A & B)
PROCEDURE
2. Enquiry(section 9 - Form E)
3. Award (sections 14 & 16 - Forms G & H)
4. Taking Possession (section 22 - Form K)5. Payment (section 29)
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Note:Importance of Procedure
6. Reference to Court(section 36, 37, 3843)
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PROCEDURE
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Importance of Procedure
Article 13(1):
No person can be deprived of property except in accordancewith law.
Goh Seng Peow & Sons Realty v. CLR WP [1986] 2 MLJ
395
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PROCEDURE
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1. Declarations of Acquisition
Section 4 - Form A
Preliminary Declaration (Declaration of Intention
It enables the State Authority to enter land and carryout investigation/inspection, survey, soil test, etc.
Section 5 - Form B
State Authority prepares Schedule of land affected bythe intended acquisition exercise.
Section 7 - Form C
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PROCEDURE
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1. Declarations of Acquisition
Section 8 - Form D
Declaration of Acquisition
If investigation proves site suitable for purpose ofacquisition then State Authority issues Declaration ofAcquisition in Form D
Period between Form A and Form B 12 months
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PROCEDURE
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Significant of Form D
Market Value:
Notice of RDT:
o Form D is issued within 6 months of Form A marketvalue as at date of Form A
Form D is issued after 6 months of Form A marketvalue as date of Form D
Notice of acquisition endorse in RDT on date of Form D
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PROCEDURE
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Significant of Form D
Award
Acquisition exercise lapses:
within 2 years of Form D otherwise the declarationunder section 4 lapses.
Form D is issued after 12 months of Form A Acquisitionlapses.
Award not paid within 2 years of Form D
Conclusive Evidence [s.8(3)]:
Purpose of acquisition permits by the Act
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2. Enquiry
PROCEDURE
Purposes:
To investigate interested parties and their status withrespect to the land.
To hear claims or objections
To determine value of land prepare valuation report
To make awards
Section 11 -Form F
Notice requiring written answer
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Section 9 -Form E
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3. Award
PROCEDURE
Section 14- Form G:
Written award of compensation
Section 16 - Form H:
Notice of award and offer of compensation
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4. TAKING POSSESSION
PROCEDURE
Section 22 -Form K:
Notice that possession of land has been taken
Entry in Document of Title
Memorial in RTD Surrender of IDT
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Section 24 -Form L:
Notice to deliver IDT
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4. TAKING POSSESSION
PROCEDURE
Section 19 -Form I:
Certificate of Urgency
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Section 58 -Form Q:
Notice to occupy temporarily
Section 20 -Form J:
Notice to vacate building/land under certificate of urgency
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5. PAYMENT OF AWARD
PROCEDURE
Section 29(1) as soon as may be
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6. Reference to Court
PROCEDURE
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Section 36 - Form M : By Collector of Land Revenue
Section 38(1) - Form N : By Proprietor
Section 38(5) - Form O : By State Authority
Section 43 -Form P :Notice of Hearing
Section 56
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