qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 1
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli
qalTa uflebrivi
mdgomareoba da genderuli
Tanasworoba
2016
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba2
winamdebare publikacia Seqmnilia evrokavSiris daxmarebiT. mis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia mxolod saxalxo damcvelis aparati da publikaciis Sinaarsis evrokavSiris poziciad aRqma dauSvebelia.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 3
sarCevi
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba .............................................................5
qalTa monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi ......6
qalTa monawileoba soflis ganviTarebis programebsa
da sakrebuloebis saqmianobaSi .............................................................9
qalTa ekonomikuri aqtivoba da SromiTi uflebebi ...............13
martoxela da mravalSviliani dedebi ............................................14
qal uflebadamcvelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb ......................................16
media-saSualebebis roli genderuli Tanasworobis
damkvidrebisaTvis..........................................................................................17
qalebi, mSvidoba da usafrTxoeba ........................................................18
reproduqciuli da sqesobrivi janmrTeloba
da uflebebi .......................................................................................................22
dedaTa da bavSvTa sikvdilianoba .......................................................22
ojaxis dagegmvasTan dakavSirebuli gamowvevebi da
abortebi ..............................................................................................................23
adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) ...........................................................25
TavSesafrebis monitoringis Sedegebi .............................................27
qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da ojaxSi Zaladoba
saqarTveloSi ...................................................................................................28
ojaxSi Zaladobisgan damcavi meqanizmebis Sefaseba ..............30
qalTa ekonomikuri damoukideblobis SesaZlo gavlena
ojaxSi ZaladobasTan ..................................................................................32
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba4
ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis arsebuli servisebis
Sefaseba .................................................................................................................34
qalTa mkvlelobebi da TviTmkvlelobebi (femicidi) ............36
qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCreba .........................................................39
adreul asakSi da bavSvTa qorwineba ...............................................40
lgbti pirTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba .............................................45
rekomendaciebi .................................................................................................52
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 5
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba
Sesavali
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareobis da genderuli Tanasworobis mimarTulebiT qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime mdgomareoba, mimdinare saangariSo wels, arsebiTad ar Secvlila. saxelmwifos mier gadadgmuli nabijebis miuxedavad, kvlav rCeba gamowvevebi, romlebic gansakuTrebul yuradRebas da Zalisxmevas saWiroebs.
problemas warmoadgens saxelmwifos mier gatarebul RonisZiebebSi interseqciuri midgomebis nakleboba, rac Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva gamocdilebis mqone qalTa problematikis asaxvas abrkolebs da maTi mowyvladobis xarisxs zrdis.
2016 wels genderuli Tanasworobis da qalTa uflebebis dacvis mimarTulebiT sakanonmdeblo sivrcis daxvewisken qmediTi nabijebi ar gadadgmula. ufro metic, parlamentma mxari ar dauWira kvotirebis, seqsualuri Seviwroebisa da femicidis definiciebis Sesaxeb momzadebul sakanonmdeblo iniciativebs. saxalxo damcvelis SefasebiT maTi mxardaWera udavod win gadadgmuli nabiji iqneboda arsebuli gamowvevebis fonze, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis saerTaSoriso standartebTan harmonizaciis procesSi.
mniSvnelovania, rom 2017 wlis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos parlaments waredgina „qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTisa da prevenciis Sesaxeb“ evropis sabWos konvenciis saratifikacio paketi, romelic araerT mniSvnelovan garantias Seqmnis Zaladobis prevenciis, msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis sferoSi. samwuxarod, kanonproeqtSi warmodgenili ar aris seqsualuri Seviwroebis definicia, rac konvenciiT dadgenili valdebuleba da saqarTvelos winaSe mdgari mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa.
misasalmebelia, rom gaizarda qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi, rac pozitiurad aisaxa SemTxvevaTa gamovlenis maCvenebelze. Tumca gazrdili mimarTvianobis fonze ufro metad gamoikveTa sistemuri xarvezebi, rac reagirebis efeqtianobisa da problemis aRmofxvris procesSi mniSvnelovani dabrkolebaa.
miuxedavad imisa, rom gaizarda ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa TavSesafrebis raodenoba da amasTan, gaixsna krizisuli centri, Zaladobisgan dacvis servisebi calsaxad saWiroebs daxvewas msxverplTa socialur-ekonomikuri gaZlierebis, damoukidebeli cxovrebis xelSewyobisa da dasaqmebis mimarTulebiT, rac mxolod TavSesafris servisis funqcionirebiT ver miiRweva.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba6
problemad rCeba adreul asakSi da bavSvTa qorwinebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis dabali cnobiereba da gulgrili damokidebuleba, rasac xSirad arasruwlovanTa saukeTeso interesebis ugulebelyofa da Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva sdevs Tan. gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebeli qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCrebis praqtikis gamovlena iyo, romelic mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi dafarul problemas warmoadgenda. aRniSnuli sakiTxebi, saxelmwifos mxridan koordinirebul, Tanmimdevrul da saWiroebebze dafuZnebul reagirebas moiTxovs.
arsebiTad ar gaumjobesebula qalTa reproduqciuli da sqesobrivi janmrTelobis da uflebebis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. problemad rCeba genderis niSniT sqesis seleqcia, ojaxis dagegmvis servisebis simcire da cnobierebis dabali done.
2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis procesze da Sedegebze dakvirvebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kvlav kritikulad dabalia qalTa monawileobis maCvenebeli gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom me-9 mowvevis parlamentSi qalTa monawileobis 4%-iani zrda spontanuria da ara genderulad mgrZnobiare politikuri dagegmvis Sedegi.
qalTa monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi
qalTa CarTuloba politikur cxovrebaSi demokratiuli saxelmwifos da pluralistuli, warmomadgenlobiTi sakanonmdeblo organos formirebis aucilebeli winapirobaa, Tumca, es sakiTxi kvlav rCeba erT-erT ZiriTad gamowvevad qalTa uflebebisa da genderuli Tanasworobis dacvis sferoSi.
2016 wlis genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis1 mixedviT, saqarTvelo qalTa politikuri monawileobisa da parlamentSi qalTa warmomadgenlobis maCvenebliT 144 qveyanas Soris 114-e adgilzea. parlamentTaSorisi kavSiris monacemebis2 mixedviT, saqarTvelo 2017 wlis 1 martis mdgomareobiT, 193 qveyanas Soris 124-e adgils ikavebs, 24 qaliT parlamentSi. 2016 wlis genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis3 mixedviT, qali kanonmdeblebisa da menejerul poziciebze maTi warmomadgenlobiT, saqarTvelo 144 qveyanas Soris 51-e adgilzea,xolo ministris poziciebze qalTa warmomadgenlobis kuTxiT 139 qveyanas So
1 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2016/economies/#economy=GEO [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
2 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
3 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR16/WEF_Global_Gen-der_Gap_Report_2016.pdf [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 7
ris 80-e adgils ikavebs.4 aqve aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom saparlamento arCevnebis Semdgom, aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi 18 ministridan mxolod ori qalia da am mxriv mdgomareoba gauaresda.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier saangariSo periodSi5 moxda aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis doneze dasaqmebulTa raodenobis Sefaseba da monacemTa genderuli analizi.
monacemebi cxadyofs, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministros garda, sadac dasaqmebulTa umravlesoba kacia, qalebi mravlad an TiTqmis Tanabrad arian warmodgenilni sxvadasxva uwyebebSi. Tumca, sagangaSoa is monacemi, romelic maT raodenobas asaxavs xelmZRvanel poziciebsa da gadawyvetilebis mimReb doneebze.
4 iqve. 5 saangariSo periodi gulisxmobs 2016 wlis 1 ianvridan 31 dekembramde monacems.
cxrili #1: aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis doneze dasaqmebulTa raodenoba genderul WrilSi, 2016
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9Serigebisa da samoq. Tanasw. sakiTxebSi ministris aparati
eevropul da evroatl. struqt. integr. sakiTx. ministris...
sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministro
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro
Tavdacvis saministro
sagareo saqmeTa saministro
Sinagan saqmeTa saministro
finansTa saministro
iusticiis saministro
regionuli ganviT. da infrastruqturis saministro
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
soflis meurneobis saministro
kulturisa ds ZelgTa dacvis saministro
Sromis, janmrT. da soc. dacvis saministro
ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro
iZul. gadaadg. pirTa, gansaxl. da ltolvilTa saministro
energetikis saministro
sportisa da axalgazrd. saqmeTa saministro
qali kaci
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba8
aRsaniSnavia, rom saministroebSi kvlav ar arian gamoyofili uSualod genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli pirebi. gamoTxovili informaciis analizis safuZvelze, saministroTa 44%-Si aRniSnuli saqmianobis Sesruleba SeTavsebiT xdeba sxva poziciaze myofi pirebis mier, xolo saministroTa 50%-Si msgavsi kadri saerTod ar arsebobs, mxolod erT saministros hyavs uSualod genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli piri6.
saqarTveloSi arsebul politikur kulturas mWidro kavSiri aqvs tradiciul stereotipul damokidebulebebTan, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gamoricxavs qalis rolsa da monawileobas politikur procesebSi. amasTan politikaSi qalTa dabali monawileobis erT-erTi mizezi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi qalTa politikuri monawileobis waxalisebis efeqtiani meqanizmebis ararsebobacaa.
qalTa politikuri monawileobis zrda ar aris prioritetuli sakiTxi politikuri partiebisTvis, genderuli balansi, romlisTvisac kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilia finansuri waxalisebis procedura, 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebSi monawile 25 partiidan/blokidan, mxolod 4-ma daakmayofila,7 rac Sesabamisad aisaxa kidec saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegebze.
6 saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros werili N04/07/893, 18/01/2017.
7 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI_Statement_WomensParticipation_Georgia2016_Final_GE.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
cxrili #2: aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis doneze dasaqmebulTa raodenoba xelmZRvanel poziciebze, 2016
Serigebisa da samoq. Tanasw. sakiTxebSi ministris aparati
evropul da evroatl. struqt. integr. sakiTx. ministris...
sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministro
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro
Tavdacvis saministro
sagareo saqmeTa saministro
Sinagan saqmeTa saministro
finansTa saministro
iusticiis saministro
regionuli ganviT. da infrastruqturis saministro
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
soflis meurneobis saministro
kulturisa ds ZelgTa dacvis saministro
Sromis, janmrT. da soc. dacvis saministro
ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro
iZul. gadaadg. pirTa, gansaxl. da ltolvilTa saministro
energetikis saministro
sportisa da axalgazrd. saqmeTa saministro 86
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qali kaci
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 9
Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebSi monawile politikuri partiebis programebSi qalTa uflebebisa da genderul TanasworobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba ZiriTadad deklamaciur xasiaTs atarebda da partiebis politikuri programebis ekonomikuri, soflis meurneobis, ganaTlebis, socialuri da kulturuli politikis nawili mTlianad daclili iyo qalebisaTvis specifiuri problematikisagan8, xolo rigi partiebis saarCevno programebSi saerTod ar iyo warmodgenili genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevisken swrafva.
aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnul-demokratiuli institutis kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT,9 gamokiTxulTa 74% miiCnevs, rom arCeviT Tanamdebobebze qalebi da kacebi erTnairad, an qalebi kacebze ukeTesad muSaoben; xolo gamokiTxulTa 70%-s miaCnia, rom parlamentis wevrTa sul mcire 30% qali unda iyos. miuxedavad amisa, arsebuli realoba mkveTrad gansxvavdeba kvlevis Sedegebisgan da qalebi kvlav awydebian uamrav dabrkolebas politikur procesebSi Cabmisas.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, samwuxaroa, rom saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebma ar gaiziares diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris komitetis mier, saqarTvelos me–4 da me–5 perioduli angariSebis ganxilvis Semdeg miRebuli rekomendacia, romliTac, komitetma saxelmwifos qalTa politikuri monawileobis gazrdis uzrunvelsayofad, droebiTi specialuri zomebis miRebisken mouwoda.
saxalxo damcveli kvlav miiCnevs, rom kvotirebis sistemis SemoReba, gansakuTrebiT, 2017 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebamde, erT-erTi qmediTi gamosavali iqneba Seqmnili uTanasworo mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad.
qalTa monawileoba soflis ganviTarebis programebsada sakrebuloebis saqmianobaSi
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis 2015-2020 wlebis strategiis10 mixedviT, soflis meurneobaSi CarTuli qalebis gaZliereba, strategiis yvela mimarTulebis mniSvnelovani RerZi unda iyos. aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT, saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministrodan miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, gazrdilia im municipalitetebis ricxvi, sadac qalTa gaZlierebis programebi xorcieldeba, Tumca samwuxaroa, rom municipalitetebis nawili saWirod
8 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.feminism-boell.org/ka/proekti-ikitxe-politika> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
9 iqve. 10 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2733545> [bolos
nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba10
ar miiCnevs specialurad qalTa gaZlierebisaken mimarTuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebas.11
aRsaniSnavia, rom qalTa gaZlierebisken mimarTuli proeqtebis umravlesoba municipalur doneze „qalTa oTaxebis“ mowyobasa da qalebisTvis reproduqciuli janmrTelobis sakiTxebze servisebis SeTavazebas moicavs. soflad mcxovrebi qalebis problematikis gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania metad Seewyos xeli qalTa ekonomikur da politikur uflebebze zegavlenis momxdeni proeqtebis ganxorcielebas.
kvlav dabalia qalebis CarTuloba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis doneze gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. 2016 wels soflis krebebsa da sxvadasxva tipis Sexvedrebze kacTa monawileoba TiTqmis orjer aRemateba qalebis CarTulobas.
11 qarelis municipalitetis sakrebulos werili N08/20, 02/02/2017; ambrolauris municipalitetis sakrebulos werili N19, 24/01/2017; borjomis municipalitetis gamgeobis werili N02/639, 26/01/2017; samtrediis municipalitetis gamgeobis werili N37/473, 27/01/2017.
ganaxorcieles ar ganaxorcieles
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Sida qarTli
qvemo qarTli
samegrelo _ zemo svaneTi
imereTi
kaxeTi
cxrili #3: 2016 wels ganxorcielebuli proeqtebi, romlebic exeboda qalTa gaZlierebas
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 11
qalTa dabali monawileobis maCvenebeli sajaro sivrceebsa da SekrebebSi gamowveulia sxvadasxva faqtoriT, Tumca, saxalxo damcvelis aparatis dakvirveba da gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom xSiria Tavad kacebis mxridan winaaRmdegoba msgavsi tipis aqtivobebSi maTi ojaxis wevri qalebis CarTulobis Sesaxeb, amasTan, Sexvedris organizebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebis mier xSirad ar xdeba qalebis informireba mosalodneli Sexvedris Sesaxeb.
miRebuli informaciis analizi cxadyofs, rom TviTmmarTveli organoebis umetesobaSi genderuli Tanasworobisa da qalTa sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebze muSaoba xdeba SeTavsebiT, xolo rig municipalitetebSi saerTod ar hyavT pasuxismgebeli piri. misasalmebelia, rom wina wlebTan SedarebiT gazrdilia im gamgeobebis ricxvi, romelTac hyavT genderis mrCeveli. kerZod, 20 gamgeobaSi hyavT specialurad am sakiTxze pasuxismgebeli piri, 11-Si SeTavsebiT, xolo 25 gamgeobaSi genderis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli piri daniSnuli ar aris. xolo sakrebulos doneze monacemebi ase gamoiyureba:
cxrili #4: soflis krebebze da mosaxleobasTan Sexvedrebisas daswrebis raodenobrivi maCvenebeli sqesis miTiTebiT, 2016
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19,911 qali 37,392 kaci
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba12
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis mier warmodgenili informaciidan naTlad Cans, rom dabalia gadawyvetilebis miRebis doneze qalTa CarTuloba. aqve, aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erTi TviTmmarTveli qalaqis meri ar aris qali da mxolod erTi gamgebelia qali12.
stereotipuli damokidebulebebi qalis genderul rolTan dakavSirebiT naTlad warmoCinda qedis municipalitetis sakrebuloSi gamarTul sxdomaze, sadac sakrebulos wevr qalebs sxdomaTa darbazis datoveba mosTxoves sakrebulos wevrma kacebma da mizezad piradi saqme daasaxeles.13 SemaSfoTebelia is garemoeba, rom aRniSnul faqts adgili hqonda adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoSi, romlis saqmianobis efeqturad warmarTva municipalur doneze moqalaqeTa cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebas da adamianis uflebebis dacvas unda emsaxurebodes. dauSvebelia, mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli deputatebis mier politikuri forumi aRqmuli iyos, rogorc piradi sivrce, sadac SeeZlebaT qalebs politikuri debatebis datoveba mosTxovon.
12 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://tianeti.org.ge/?m=3&sm=1> [bolos nanaxia 24 marts]
13 2016 wlis 31 agvistos saxalxo damcvelis gancxadeba qedis municipalitetis sakrebulos wevrebis seqsisturi gamonaTqvamebis Sesaxeb, xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://www.om-budsman.ge/ge/news/saxalxo-damcveli-qedis-sakrebulos-wevrebis-seqsistur-gamonatqvamebs-exmianeba.page >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
cxrili #5: genderis sakiTxebSi pasuxismgebeli piri sakrebulos doneze, 2016
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1q. Tbilisi
Sida qarTli
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guria
samcxe-javaxeTi
imereTi
raWa-leCxumi
qvemo qarTli
kaxeTi
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 13
qalTa ekonomikuri aqtivoba da SromiTi uflebebi
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier, 2015 wlis Semdgomi ganviTarebis dRis wesrigSi14 calsaxad aris gawerili, rom mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTareba da genderuli Tanasworoba is ori gamowvevaa, romelsac gardamavali ekonomikis mqone saxelmwifoebma Tanadroulad unda upasuxon, radgan qalTa da gogonaTa uflebebis sruli da efeqtiani ganxorcieleba warmatebuli ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sawindaria15. es ori faqtori erTmaneTs kveTs qarTul realobaSic, sadac, ekonomikur aqtivobaSi qalebis Tanabari uflebebiT CarTva kvlav gamowvevad rCeba.
qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovania genderuli aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, radgan tradiciuli ekonomikuri instrumentebi ver asaxavs qalTa ekonomikur mdgomareobas16. im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTveloSi qalebs ar aqvT srulfasovani wvdoma ekonomikur saqmianobasTan, mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifom meti Zalisxmeva gaswios qalTa Tanabari monawileobis xelSewyobisaTvis, rogorc sakanonmdeblo garantiebis, ise ekonomikaSi qalTa rolis Sesaxeb cnobierebis gazrdis kuTxiT.
„genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis“ mixedviT qalTa monawileoba Sromis bazarze kacebTan SedarebiT naklebia,17 am monacemis gaTvaliswinebiT, 2015 welTan SedarebiT, saqarTvelos maCvenebeli gauaresda da saboloo jamSi igi 144 qveynidan 90-e adgils ikavebs. amave kvlevis mixedviT, Tanabari Rirebulebis Sromis Tanabari anazRaurebis maCvenebliT saqarTvelo 34-e adgils ikavebs. gansxvavdeba sqesTa Soris saSualo Semosavlis Tanafardobac, romlis mixedviTac kacis savaraudo wliuri Semosavali (12,551 aSS dolari) daaxloebiT orjer aRemateba qalis wliur saSualo Semosavals (6,072 aSS dolari). am maCvenebels mravali socio-kulturuli mizezi aqvs, magram, mTavari aris is, rom qveyanaSi ar arsebobs sakanonmdeblo garantiebi, romlebic specifikurad dasaqmebuli qalis genderuli Cagvris winaaRmdeg iqneboda mimarTuli, magaliTad, seqsualuri Seviwroebis akrZalva, Tanabari Rirebulebis Sromis Tanabari anazRaurebis sakiTxis regulireba da sxva.
kvlav problemas warmoadgens e.w. „SuSis Weris“ arseboba, rac gulisxmobs karieruli zrdis procesSi arsebul uxilav da xilul barierebs. amave tipis problemas miekuTvneba dakavebuli poziciebis genderuli segregaciac. „genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis“ 2016
14 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attach-ments/sections/library/publications/2014/unwomen_surveyreport_advance_16oct.pdf?vs=2710> [bolos nana xia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
15 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.oecd.org/dac/gender-development/Addis%20flyer%20-%20Gender%20Equality_FINAL.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
16 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016.pdf > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
17 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2016/economies/#economy=GEO> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba14
wlis maCvenebliT, kanonmdebelTa, maRali rangis Tanamdebobis pirTa da mmarTvelTa 66% kacia, maSin, rodesac, amave monacemebis mixedviT qalTa umetesoba (62%) teqnikur samuSaos asrulebs.
araTanabari ekonomikuri monawileoba aseve zrunvis araTanabari gadanawilebis Sedegicaa. xSir SemTxvevaSi, qalebi anazRaurebad SromasTan erTad aunazRaurebeli samuSaos Sesrulebas iTavseben, iseTi, rogoricaa, saxlis samuSaoebi, bavSvis movla. ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizacia mouwodebs qveynebs gazomon qalTa aunazRaurebeli Sroma da mianiWon mas monetaruli mniSvneloba, rac mniSvnelovani instrumentia qalTa gaZlierebisa da qveynis ekonomikaSi maTi kontribuciis gazomvisTvis18. „genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis“19 monacemebis mixedviT, SinameurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa ornaxevarjer meti qalia (koeficienti: 2.48). 2014 wlis soflis meurneobisa da sasursaTo usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kvlevis Tanaxmad, soflad mcxovreb qalTa 93.8% upiratesad, saxlis saqmiTa da bavSvebis movliT aris dakavebuli.
saxalxo damcveli miesalmeba saxelmwifoSi ufaso baga-baRebis servisis arsebobas, Tumca, kvlav problematuria Cvil bavSvTa dedebze morgebuli infrastruqturis arseboba, rac qalebs, mniSvnelovanwilad, uzRudavs sajaro sferoSi monawileobas.
qalTa Tanabari ekonomikuri monawileobisaTvis aucilebelia daregulirdes mSoblis orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo Svebulebis sakiTxi. araerTi dapirebis miuxedavad, kvlav ar Secvlila saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZanebiT gansazRvruli wesi, romlis mixedviTac orsulobis, mSobiarobis da bavSvis movlis gamo SvebulebiT sargeblobisas saxelmwifo kompensacia mxolod qalis mimarT gaicema.
martoxela da mravalSviliani dedebi
kvlav problemas warmoadgens martoxela mSoblebis da mravalSviliani ojaxebis uflebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxi; socialur-ekonomikur problemebTan erTad, martoxela dedebis mimarT sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli Sexedulebebi, maT ormag mowyvladobas iwvevs. amasTan, qmediTi nabijebi ar gadadgmula mravalSviliani ojaxebis xelSewyobis mimarTulebiT.
18 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://www.oecd.org/dev/development-gender/Unpaid_care_work.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
19 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:< http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2016/economies/#economy=GEO >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 15
miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqmis ori weli gavida martoxela mSoblis statusis gansazRvridan, Sesabamisi socialuri mxardaWeris mimarTulebiT Sedegi ar miRweula. saxalxo damcveli araerTxel gamoexmaura statusis miniWebis da gauqmebis wesis cvlilebis saWiroebas, radgan amJamindeli redaqcia, saxelwodebis miuxedavad, gamoricxavs martoxela mamis samarTlebrivi arsebobis SesaZleblobas. amasTan, martoxela mSoblis statusis miniWeba xdeba mxolod maSin, Tu bavSvis dabadebis mowmobaSi ar aris Canaweri dedis/mamis Sesaxeb, aqedan gamomdinare, yvela danarCen SemTxvevaSi, mSobeli moklebulia SesaZleblobas, bavSvze marto zrunvis SemTxvevaSi, miiRos martoxela mSoblis statusi.20
problemuria martoxela mSoblis statusis Sewyvetis safuZvlebSi registrirebul qorwinebaSi Sesvlis arseboba, radgan kanoniT dauregulirebeli rCeba Tu rogor SeiZleba moxdes statusis xelaxla miReba an zrunvis tvirTis ganawileba (magaliTad, alimentis dakisreba) mSoblis ganqorwinebis Semdeg. amasTan, martoxela mSobels, qorwinebis SemTxvevaSic ki, uwevs marto gaumklavdes yvela im samarTlebriv urTierTobas, romelic zrunvis valdebulebidan pirdapir gamomdinareobs. misasalmebelia, rom am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, parlamentis iuridiul sakiTxTa komitetma gaiziara saxalxo damcvelis sakanonmdeblo winadadebiT gaTvaliswinebuli problemis gadaWris idea da miiRo samuSao jgufis Seqmnis gadawyvetileba, romelic imsjelebs sakiTxis irgvliv arsebul samarTlebriv problemebze.21
ssip saxelmwifo servisebis ganviTarebis saagentos mier mowodebuli informaciiT, 2015 wlidan 2017 wlis 14 martis mdgomareobiT, 1417 pirs srulad daukmayofilda gancxadeba martoxela mSoblis statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb, xolo 24 pirs nawilobriv.22 martoxela mSobelTagan 14 pirs Seuwyda statusi Semdgom daqorwinebis safuZvliT. amasTan, sagulisxmoa, rom mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad yvela martoxela mSobeli qalia. martoxela mamas martoxela mSoblis statusi jer ar miuRia.
iusticiis saministrodan gamoTxovili informaciis Tanaxmad, 2016 wels 11955 qali gaxda 3 an meti Svilis deda23. miuxedavad amisa, kanonmdeblobiT mTlianad dauregulirebelia mravalSviliani dedebis sakiTxic, radgan statusis miniWebis gansazRvruli wesi ar arsebobs. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo ver awarmoebs mravalSviliani dedebis statistikas da ver exmareba maT Sesabamisi socialuri da ekonomikuri servisebis miwodebiT.
20 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:< https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2875417> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
21 saqarTvelos parlamentis biuros werili #2031/4-10, 17/02/2017.22 saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros saxelmwifo ganviTarebis saagentos werilis (N01/69380,
15/03/2017) Tanaxmad martoxela mSoblis statusis moTxovnis Sesaxeb gancxadebis nawilobriv dakmayofileba gulisxmobs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac piri moiTxovs statusis dadgenas ramdenime Svilis mimarT, xolo uflebamosili samsaxuris gadawyvetilebiT statusi dgindeba erTis/ramdenimes da ara yvela moTxovnili Svilis mimarT.
23 saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros werili N08-3/1782, 07/02/2017.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba16
gamoTxovili informaciis Tanaxmad, mxolod socialurad daucveli ojaxebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sefasebisas 4379 martoxela dedaa dafiqsirebuli.24 martoxela mSoblis statusis mqone pirTa da socialurad daucvel ojaxebSi (SinameurneobebSi)25 martoxela dedaTa raodenobis Sedarebac ki naTlad warmoaCens, rom martoxela mSoblis statusis miniWebis winapirobebi realurad martoxela mSobelTa raodenobas ar asaxavs. saxalxo damcvels aucileblad miaCnia martoxela da mravalSviliani mSoblis statusis miniWebis wesis daxvewa da Sesabamisi statistikis warmoeba, risi analizic saSualebas miscems saxelmwifos bavSvTa da mSobelTa daxmarebis kuTxiT genderulad mgrZnobiare programa dagegmos.
qal uflebadamcvelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb
adamianis uflebadamcvelTa deklaracia aRiarebs uflebadamcvelebis gansakuTrebul rols.26 qali uflebadamcvelebi gansazRvrulni arian specialur jgufad,27 xolo gaeros specialuri momxsenebeli, sakuTar angariSSi miesalmeba qal uflebadamcvelTa gaaqtiurebasa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gaZlierebas, Tumca, paralelurad, SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams im faqtis gamo, rom uflebadamcvelebi xSirad xdebian fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri Zaladobis msxverplni.28
qali uflebadamcvelebis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Seviwroebis da muqaris faqtebi arc saqarTvelos realobisTvisaa ucxo. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis genderuli Tanasworobis departamenti gasul wels swavlobda ramdenime SemTxvevas, sadac qal uflebadamcvelTa mimarT, maTi saqmianobis gamo, muqaris faqtebi gamovlinda. Seswavlil saqmeebSi, gamoikveTa, rom samarTaldamcavi uwyebis warmomadgenlebs gauWirdaT qal uflebadamcvelebze ganxorcielebuli muqaris faqtebis da riskebis sworad Sefaseba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli 2015 wlis saparlamento angariSSi miuTiTebda qal uflebadamcvelTa Sesaxeb rezolu
24 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros werili N01/4055, 24/01/2017.
25 martoxela mamebis raodenoba socialurad daucvel ojaxebSi ucnobia, radgan msgavs Canawers martoxela mSoblis statusis dadgenisa da Sesabamis pirTa Sesaxeb monacemebis warmoebis wesi ar iTvaliswinebs. informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2667586 >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 26 marts].
26 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/SRHRDefenders/Pages/Declaration.aspx > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
27 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/16/44 >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
28 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:<https://phrgeorgia.wordpress.com/2017/03/06/phr-32/ >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 17
ciiT29 gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis asaxvaze politikis dokumentebSi da aseve samarTaldamcavi uwyebis mxridan Sesabamisi midgomebis damkvidrebis aucileblobaze, mainc dRemde aqtualuria aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxorcieleba.
media-saSualebebis roli genderuli Tanasworobis damkvidrebisaTvis
genderuli uTanasworobisa da diskriminaciis aRmofxvris procesSi mediasaSualebebs umniSvnelovanesi roli eniWebaT. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia maT miewodoT amomwuravi informacia genderuli Tanasworobisa da qalTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, raTa moxdes pirvel rigSi Jurnalistebis, xolo Semdgom sazogadoebis sworad informireba.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparati did yuradRebas uTmobs JurnalistTa gadamzadebas da acnobierebs maT rolsa da mniSvnelobas sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis procesSi. am miznis misaRwevad, 2016 wels saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli adamianis uflebaTa akademiis farglebSi, genderuli Tanasworobisa da qalTa sakiTxebis mimarTulebiT 3 treningi gamarTa, romlis farglebSic gadamzadda centraluri da regionuli mediis 50 Jurnalisti.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos kanoni „mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ avaldebulebs sazogadoebriv mauwyebels programebSi asaxos sazogadoebaSi arsebuli eTnikuri, kulturuli, enobrivi, religiuri, asakobrivi da genderuli mravalferovneba.30 amasTan, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsis31 me-15 Tavis me-7 punqti, mravalferovnebis asaxvis Sesaxeb garkveviT ambobs, rom qalebze msjelobisas ar unda moxdes seqsisturi gamoTqmebis gamoyeneba, seqsisturi Sefasebebisa Tu Sedarebebis gakeTeba.
miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mxridan araerTi gancxadeba gakeTda mediaSi gaJRerebul seqsistur gadacemebsa da sareklamo rgolebze32, maT Soris sazogadoebriv mauwyeblis gadacema „kacebis dros“ promos Sesaxeb, romelic atarebda seqsisturi da diskriminaciuli Sinaarsis mesijebs. saxalxo damcvelma miiCnia, rom reklama genderulad mCagvrel praqtikas amkvidrebs da xels uwyobs
29 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/68/181 >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 25 marts].
30 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/32866 >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
31 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://gpb.ge/files/documents/2006/04/b80766114be-de8515fda6dab805e19e5.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
32 2016 wlis 14 noembris saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis zogadi winadadeba telekompania „tabulas“ seqsisturi video-rgolis Taobaze.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba18
uaryofiTi genderuli stereotipebis gamyarebas qalebis profesiuli SesaZleblobebis da maTi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb specialuri momxseneblis angariSSi agreTve asaxulia mediis roli da mniSvneloba. kerZod, specialuri momxseneblis mosazrebiT, mediaSi gavrcelebulma seqsisturma gancxadebebma da genderulma stereotipebma qalisa da mamakacis genderul rolebTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZloa ziani miayenos qalTa SesaZleblobebs, maT socialur mdgomareobas, profesiul karieras da Tanaswori uflebebiT monawileobas politikur da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.33
evrosabWos wevri qveynebis ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciis mixedviT,34 media saSualebebma xeli unda Seuwyon TviTregulirebis meqanizmebis, Sida qcevis/eTikis kodeqsebisa da Sida monitoringis, aseve iseTi standartebis SemuSavebas, rac media gaSuqebaSi genderul Tanasworobas Seuwyobs xels, Tanmimdevruli Sida politikisa da samuSao pirobebis Seqmnis mizniT, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos qalTa da mamakacTa Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba mediaze da Tanabari warmomadgenlobiToba mediaSi, maT Soris iseT sferoebSi, sadac qalebi warmodgenilebi ar arian.35
qalebi, mSvidoba da usafrTxoeba
gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos rezoluciebiT gansazRvruli dRis wesrigis ganxorcielebas „qalebze, mSvidobasa da usafrTxoebaze“ gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos realobaSi. gamowvevad rCeba, konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebul da okupirebul teritoriebze mcxovrebi qalebis uflebrivi mdgomareoba36, amasTan, zogadad, dabalia qalTa monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi da xSiria uflebadarRvevis iseTi saxeebi, rogoricaa - ojaxSi Zaladoba, arsebul servisebze dabali xelmisawvdomoba da sxva.
2016 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam daamtkica qalebze, mSvidobasa da usafrTxoebaze gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos rezoluciebis gansaxorcielebeli erovnuli samoqmedo gegma, romlis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi arsebul gamocdilebasa da gamokveTil problemebs daeyrdno. samoqmedo
33 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/3/3867.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
34 ministrTa komitetis mier, 2013 wlis 10 ivliss miRebuli rekomendacia ministris moadgileebis 1176-e Sexvedraze; (CM/Reco, 2013).
35 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/uploads/library/9/file/GENDER-MEDIATORI.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
36 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://ombudsman.ge/ge/reports/specialuri-angarishebi/qa-lta-da-bavshvta-uflebebi-konfliqtebit-dazaralebul-regionebshi-2014-2016-wlebis-mimoxilva.page > [bolos nanaxia 25 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 19
gegmam 5 ZiriTadi mimarTuleba dafara: monawileoba, prevencia, dacva, ganxorcieleba da monitoringi.
monawileobis mimarTuleba usafrTxoebis da mSvidobis mSeneblobaSi qalTa monawileobis zrdis xelSewyobas moicavs. aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros praqtika, romelic gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs genderuli meinstrimingis ganxorcielebas dasaqmebis, swavlebisa da samSvidobo misiebis ganxorcilebis procesebSi. TvalsaCinoa, qalTa monawileobis mimarTulebiT arsebuli progresic, Tumca ufro meti Zalisxmevaa saWiro cnobierebis amaRlebisa da arsebuli stereotipebis daZlevis mimarTulebiT.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatma gamoiTxova statistikuri informacia saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministroSi qalTa warmomadgenlobis Sesaxeb, romlis pasuxadac gvecnoba37, rom saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi dasaqmebulTa da samSvidobo misiebSi monawileTa ricxovnobas miniWebuli aqvs saidumloobis grifi „SezRuduli sargeblobisTvis“. Sesabamisad, moklebulni varT SesaZleblobas gavanalizoT samSvidobo procesebSi qalTa CarTulobis maCvenebeli, maT Soris xelmZRvanel poziciebze. garda SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da samSvidobo misiebisa, qalTa monawileoba Tavdacvis saministros sxva struqturul erTeulebSi ase gamoiyureba38:
• saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministroSi dasaqmebulia 455 moxele, maT Soris 224 qali (49.2 %);
• xelmZRvanel poziciebze dasaqmebulia 99 moxele, maT Soris 35 qali (35.3%);
• erovnuli Tavdacvis akademiaSi dasaqmebulTa 46% aris qali;
• erovnuli Tavdacvis akademiaSi xelmZRvanel poziciebze dasaqmebulTa 35% aris qali;
• iunkerTa batalionis 4% aris qali.
prevenciis mimarTuleba moicavs seqsualuri da genderuli niSniT Cadenili Zaladobisa da adamianis usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva riskebis Semcirebas, aseve, mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebas usafrTxoebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis sakiTxebSi. saxalxo damcvelis aparatis Seswavla cxadyofs, rom pasuxismgebelma uwyebebma ganaxorcieles sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo Sexvedrebi39 konfliqtis Sedegad dazara
37 Tavdacvis saministros werili N MOD 5 17 00082922, 27/01/2017. 38 Tavdacvis saministros werilebi N08-3/1491, 02/02/2017 da N08-3/587, 12/01/2017.39 Serigebisa da samoqalaqo Tanasworobis saxelmwifo ministris aparatis mier, 2016 wels
gaimarTa 8 Sexvedra (baTumSi 2, niqozSi 2, zugdidSi 1, ganmuxurSi 1, xurCaSi 1, mereTSi 1); saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriebze iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da devnilTa saministrom gamarTa Sexvedrebi gorSi, zugdidsa da quTaisSi mcxovreb devnil mosaxleobasTan.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba20
lebul mosaxleobasTan, ojaxSi Zaladobisa da genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze, Tumca problemis masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli mimarTulebis gaZliereba. amasTan, kvlav problemad rCeba samoqalaqo Tavdacvis sakiTxebis integrireba formalur saganmanaTleblo procesSi. rogorc ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosgan gvecnoba40, amJamad mimdinareobs sabazo safexuris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis revizia, xolo rezoluciis ZiriTadi principebis integrireba saswavlo programaSi jerac SemuSavebis procesSia.
dacvis mimarTuleba moicavs konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebuli qalebisa da gogonebis xelmisawvdomobas marTlmsajulebaze da maTi fsiqo-socialuri servisebiT uzrunvelyofas. agreTve, konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebuli qalebisa da gogonebis socialur-ekonomikur gaZlierebas da maTTvis dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis SeTavazebas. aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris41 mier, 2016 wels konsultacia gaewia 1049 devnils, maT Soris 579 qals. saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministroSi iuridiuli konsultacia gaewia 3549 pirs, maT Soris 2246 qals (63%). saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros weriliT gvecnoba42, rom 2016 wels, saganmanaTleblo programebze swavla daiwyo 11,374-ma studentma, saidanac devnilis statusis mqonea 849 studenti, maT Soris 383 qali da 466 kacia.
fsiqo-socialuri reabilitaciis servisebis uzrunvelyofaze pasuxismgebeli uwyebaa saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro. aRniSnuli sakiTxi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebuli gogonebisa da qalebisTvis. saministros informaciiT,43 igegmeba fsiqo–socialuri servisebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli saWiroebebis kvlevis Catareba. Sedegebidan gamomdinare ki moxdeba iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa da konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebul qalTaTvis fsiqo–socialuri reabilitaciis servisebze koncefciis SemuSaveba. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli valdebuleba wina samoqmedo gegmis farglebSi Seusrulebeli darCa.
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fonds evaleba seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplTa efeqtiani reabilitaciisa da mxardaWerisTvis, saerTaSoriso standartebisa da saukeTeso praqtikis Sesabamisi, saxelmwifo momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb koncefciis SemuSaveba. aRniSnuli aqtivobis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebeli uwyeba trefikingis msxverplTa saxelmwifo fondia44, romelmac moamzada saxelmZRvanelo, romelic detalurad ga
40 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros werili N MES 417 00165867, 22/02/2017.41 iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris werili N LA 017 00003369, 22/02/2017.42 ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros werili N MES 4 17 00165267, 22/02/2017.43 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros werili N01/11677;
27/02/2017.44 mTavrobis administraciis werili N5860, 23/02/2017.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 21
nixilavs seqsualuri Zaladobis sakiTxebs, mis masStabebs, Sedegebs, msxverplTa daxmarebisaTvis aucilebel servisebsa da arsebul gamowvevebs seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis kuTxiT.
erovnuli samoqmedo gegma garkveul valdebulebebs akisrebs saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros. aRsaniSnavia, rom saministrom 2016 wels daamtkica genderuli Tanasworobis strategia da samoqmedo gegma,45 romlis mizania saministros saqmianobaSi genderuli Tanasworobis saxelmwifo politikis gatarebisa da integrirebis xelSewyoba.
cxrilSi naTlad Cans, rom qalebis CarTuloba Warbobs saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis aqtivobebSi. rac Seexeba profesiul dawesebulebebSi CaricxulTa raodenobasa da TanamonawileobiT grantebs, am mimarTulebiT qalebisa da kacebis CarTuloba TiTqmis Tanabaria. SedarebiT naklebia qalTa monawileoba sasoflo kooperativebsa da socialur-ekonomikuri gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT. igive tendencia gamoikveTa 2016 wels Serigebisa da samoqalaqo Tanasworobis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparatis mier dafinansebul proeqtebSi, sadac 57 proeqtidan mxolod 9 moicavda qalTa saWiroebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.46
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs, samoqmedo gegmis praqtikaSi efeqtiani ganxorcielebisTvis qmediTi nabijebis gadadgmis aucileblobas. maT Soris, samoqmedo gegmiT gansazRvruli valdebulebebis Sida instituciur dokumentebSi asaxvas. aqve, aucilebelia specifikuri RonisZiebebis dagegmva da gatareba, radgan warsuli gamocdilebiT, samoqmedo gegmis Sesrulebis praqtika saqmianobebis araspecifikur, yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi gamoixateboda.
45 saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros werili #04/07/3588; 13/02/2017.
46 mTavrobis administraciis werili #5860; 23/02/2017.
cxrili #6: devnilTa saministros mier ganxorcielebuli proeqtebi genderul WrilSi, 2016
qali kaci
socialur-ekonomiuri gaZliereba
mikro da mcire biznesi
sasoflo kooperativebi
mcire grantebi
profesiuli dawesebulebebi
konsult. SromiT unar-Cvevebze
samuSaos maZiebelTa treningi
iuridiuli onsultacia 2246110
324433132
1809189
130346106
415127
264109110
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba22
reproduqciuli da sqesobrivijanmrTeloba da uflebebi
saqarTveloSi reproduqciuli da sqesobrivi janmrTelobisa da uflebebis mimarTulebiT arsebuli gamowvevebi kvlav aqtualuria. informaciasa da ganaTlebaze dabali xelmisawvdomoba, finansuri, geografiuli da kulturuli barierebi dabrkolebas qmnis uflebis efeqtiani realizaciis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT, soflad mcxovrebi qalebisTvis.
2016 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam angariSi waradgina universaluri perioduli mimoxilvis 31-e sesiis farglebSi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom mTavrobisTvis erT-erTi prioritetuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxia dedaTa da bavSvTa janmrTelobaze zrunva.47 angariSis wardgena moxda agreTve arasamTavrobo organizaciebis koaliciis mier48, sadac didi yuradReba daeTmo sqesobrivi da reproduqciuli janmrTelobis da uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebs. am etapze gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs universaluri perioduli mimoxilvis farglebSi miRebuli rekomendaciebis integrireba samoqmedo gegmebsa da politikis dokumentebSi.
upirvelesad, mniSvnelovania reproduqciuli janmrTelobis sakiTxebze cnobierebis amaRleba axalgazrdebSi, raTa maT hqondeT saTanado informacia ojaxis dagegmvis, kontracefciis Tanamedrove meTodebis, adreul asakSi qorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, aRniSnuli sakiTxis swavleba ar aris formaluri saganmanaTleblo procesis nawili da araformaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebic zogadi ganaTlebis safexurze naklebad xorcieldeba.
saganmanaTleblo procesebSi reproduqciuli janmrTelobis integrirebaze saubrobs agreTve, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb gaeros specialuri momxsenebeli, dubravka simonoviCi, romelic Tavis angariSSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos genderuli Tanasworobis, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis da asakis Sesabamisi sqesobrivi da reproduqciuli janmrTelobisa da uflebebis Sesaxeb ganaTlebis CarTva saswavlo programaSi ganaTlebis yvela doneze.49
dedaTa da bavSvTa sikvdilianoba
adamianis uflebebis dacvis deklaraciis safuZvelze, qalTa da bavSvTa upirvelesi uflebaa - hqondeT universaluri xelmisawvdomoba maRa
47 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G15/169/51/PDF/G1516951.pdf?OpenElement > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
48 arasamTavrobo organizaciebis koaliciaSi erTiandeba: Tanadgoma, hera XXI, identoba, adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC).
49 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/3/3867.pdf> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 23
li xarisxis samedicino servisebTan, miuxedavad maTi rasisa, socialur-ekonomikuri statusisa, kulturuli da religiuri kuTvnilebisa.50 dedaTa da bavSvTa sikvdilianobis Semcireba, infeqciuri daavadebebis marTvasTan erTad, gaeros mdgradi ganviTarebis programis miznebidan erT-erT prioritets warmoadgens.
gaeros ganviTarebis programis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, yovelwliurad msoflioSi 5 wlamde asakis 6 milioni bavSvi iRupeba. asobiT qali ki yoveldRiurad orsulobisas an mSobiarobasTan dakavSirebuli garTulebebisgan kvdeba. soflad mcxovrebi qalebis SemTxvevaSi, mSobiarobis mxolod 56% tardeba profesionali eqimis mier.51
yovelwliurad, daaxloebiT 16 milioni gogona mSobiarobs 15-19 wlamde asakSi, xolo 1 milioni - 15 wlamde.52 janmrTelobis gazomvisa da Sefasebis institutis monacemebis mixedviT, dedaTa sikvdilianobis umetesoba fiqsirdeba mSobiarobisas an post-mSobiarobis periodSi.53 arsebul viTarebaSi, umniSvnelovanesia maRali xarisxis samedicino servisiT sargeblobis sakiTxisTvis prioritetis miniWeba.
daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centris dokumentSi „dedaTa sikvdilianobis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi“ aRniSnulia, rom saqarTvelom mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga dedaTa janmrTelobis gasaumjobeseblad, magram, samwuxarod, dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli kvlav maRalia qveyanaSi.54
ojaxis dagegmvasTan dakavSirebuli gamowvevebi da abortebi
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis monacemebis mixedviT, msoflioSi Tanamedrove kontracefciis meTodebis gamoyeneba mcirediT gazrdilia, kerZod, 1990 wels misi gamoyenebis maCvenebeli iyo 54%, xolo 2015 wels es maCvenebeli 57.4%-s Seadgens.55
cxadia, rom im qveynebSi, sadac dabalia mosaxleobis cnobiereba reproduqciuli janmrTelobisa da sqesobrivi uflebebis Sesaxeb, ufro matu
50 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/ 98796/E90771.pdf> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
51 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustain-able-development-goals/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being.html >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
52 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:< http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
53 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.healthdata.org/maternal-health> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
54 daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centri, dedaTa sikvdilianobis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi.
55 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs351/en/> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba24
lobs daugegmavi orsulobis maCvenebeli. dResdReobiT, saqarTveloSi qalebs ar miuwvdebaT xeli ojaxis dagegmvisa da kontracefciis Tanamedrove meTodebze, rasac emateba sxvadasxva servisze xelmisawvdomobis nakleboba da reproduqciuli janmrTelobis sakiTxebze mosaxleobis cnobierebis dabali done.
saqarTvelos janmrTelobis dacvis sistemis saxelmwifo koncefciis56 miuxedavad, qveyanaSi informacia ojaxis dagegmvis Tanamedrove meTodebze, xelmisawvdomi kontracefciis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb bolos, 2010 wels Catarda, Tumca gamomdinare iqidan, rom monacemebi ar ganaxlebula da am mimarTulebiT Tanamedrove kvleva ar Catarebula, rTulia SevafasoT dRes arsebuli viTareba. kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 53%-mde iyenebs kontraceptivebis Tanamedrove meTodebs, maTgan 1/3 tradiciul meTodebs, romelTac araefeqturobis maRali maCveneblebi aqvT da xSirad abortiT mTavrdeba. Tanamedrove kontraceptiuli meTodebis codna araTanabaria da xSirad mcdaria, gansakuTrebiT imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda moxdes TiToeuli meTodis gamoyeneba.57
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis monacemebis mixedviT, yovelwliurad msoflioSi daaxloebiT 22 milioni aborti aRiricxeba da maTi umetesoba dabali Semosavlis mqone da ganviTarebad qveynebSi fiqsirdeba.58
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrodan miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi 2016 wels 26,838 aborti gakeTda.59 abortebis ricxvi wina wlebTan SedarebiT klebis dinamikiT xasiaTdeba, rac, savaraudod, miuTiTebs kontracefciis Tanamedrove meTodebis gamoyenebaze.
56 daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centri, dedaTa sikvdilianobis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi. informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2657250> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
57 qalTa reproduqciuli janmrTelobis kvleva saqarTveloSi, 2010.58 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: < http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs388/en/ >
[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].59 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros werili #01/3869;
24/01/2017.
cxrili #7: registrirebuli abortebis raodenoba dinamikaSi
registrirebuli abortebi, sul, aTasi 2
13.9 13.817.2
19.7 21.2 20.6 22.1 24.325.6
30.6
39.37.0
33.5 33.4
26.8
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 25
mniSvnelovania informacia asakobriv WrilSi Catarebuli abortebis Sesaxeb. 2015 wlis msgavsad, yvelaze meti aborti 25-29 wlamde asakis qalebSi fiqsirdeba (7,801). wina welTan SedarebiT gazrdilia 15 wlamde mozardebSi abortebis raodenoba.
saqarTveloSi kvlav maRalia genderuli niSniT sqesis seleqciis maCvenebeli, rac ganapirobebs genderul uTanasworobas da aRniSnuli diskriminaciuli praqtikis Sedegad yovelwliurad ufro naklebi gogona ibadeba. 2016 wlis genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelo, dabadebisas sqesTa Tanafardobis maCveneblis mixedviT, 144 qveynidan 137-e adgilzea da am mxriv mdgomareoba 2015 welTan SedarebiT ar Secvlila.60gaeros qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb specialuri momxsenebeli mouwodebs saqarTvelos mTavrobas, miiRos zomebi seleqciuri abortebis prevenciisTvis da uzrunvelyos dabadebis registraciis monacemebis regularuli gamocema sqesisa da regionebis mixedviT, raTa dadgindes amgvari abortebis mizezebi da gaizardos mosaxleobis cnobiereba am praqtikis SesaZlo uaryofiTi grZelvadiani Sedegebis Sesaxeb.61
adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi)
adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) monobis Tanamedrove forma da adamianis uflebebis uxeSi darRvevaa. SromiTi Tu seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplebi xSirad xdebian
60 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:< http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2016/economies/#economy=GEO > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
61 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze:< http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/3/3867.pdf> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
cxrili #8: abortebis raodenoba asakobriv WrilSi, 2016
sul 26 838
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6822
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115
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45–49
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qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba26
qalebi da bavSvebi. evroparlamentisa da evropis sabWos 2016 wlis angariSis mixedviT, seqsualuri eqspluataciis msxverplTa 95%-s qalebi Seadgenen.62 trefikingis Camdeni pirebi ZiriTadad iyeneben msxverplTa mowyvladobas, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gamowveulia iseTi faqtorebiT, rogoricaa: siRaribe, diskriminacia, genderuli uTanasworoba, qalTa mimarT Zaladoba, ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomobis nakleboba da a.S.
misasalmebelia, rom saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentSi Seqmnilia trefikingisa da ukanono migraciis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelo, romelic uSualod iZiebs trefikingis SemTxvevebs. Tumca, problemuria saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriul organoebSi SesaZlo trefikingis SemTxvevis pirveladi identificireba.
2016 wlis ganmavlobaSi trefikingis savaraudo 20 faqtze ganxorcielda gamoZieba, maT Soris, 15 seqsualuri eqspluataciis, 4 iZulebiTi Sromis, 1 SromiTi da seqsualuri eqspluataciis faqtze. 2016 wels dazaralebulis statusi mieniWa 2 qals, xolo msxverplis statusi 1 pirs, mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis safuZvelze. 2016 wlis ganmavlobaSi servisebSi CarTul pirTa maCvenebeli Semdegia:
cxrili N1: monacemebi adamianiT vaWrobis trefikingis msxverplTa momsaxurebis Sesaxeb
piri
mudmivmoqmedi jgufis statusis safuZvelze TavSesafriT sargebloba 1
dazaralebulad cnobis safuZvelze TavSesafriT sargebloba 3
cxeli xazis konsultaciiT mosargeble pirTa raodenoba 123
pirTa raodenoba, romlebmac miiRes kompensacia 2
m.p.- saqme
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis genderuli Tanasworobis departamentisTvis cnobili gaxda, rom savaraudo trefikingis msxverpli, m.p. cxovrobda ojaxSi, romelTanac naTesauri kavSiri ar hqonda. mowodebuli informaciiT, ojaxi, savaraudod, iyenebda mis mZime socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobas da SromiT eqspluatacias uwevda. amasTan, savaraudod, mas sqesobrivi kavSiri hqonda ojaxSi mcxovreb mamakacebTan.
samwuxarod, Tavdapirvelad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriul organosa da ssip socialuri momsaxurebis saagentoSi zedapirulad Seiswavles arsebuli mdgomareoba da ar ganuxorcielebiaT RonisZie
62 evroparlamentisa da evropis sabWos angariSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg progresis Sesaxeb, 2016 weli.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 27
bebi savaraudo uflebadarRvevis gamosavlenad. saxelmwifo uwyebebis yuradRebis miRma darCa informacia, romelic savaraudo Zaladobis da eqspluataciis faqtebze mianiSnebda. xsenebul saqmeze gamoZiebis dawyeba mxolod saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis winadadebis safuZvelze gaxda SesaZlebeli da am dromde mimdinareobs.
TavSesafrebis monitoringis Sedegebi
2016 wels saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis genderuli Tanasworobis departamentma adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebebis (TavSesafari) monitoringi ganaxorciela. monitoringisas TavSesafarSi arcerTi trefikingis msxverpli ar imyofeboda, Sesabamisad, monitoringis Sedegebi TavSesafris administraciis mier mowodebul informacias da fizikuri garemos vizualur daTvalierebas daeyrdno.
monitoringis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom TavSesafrebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba keTilsaimedoa. Tumca, gamoikveTa rigi problemuri sakiTxebisa, romelTa mogvarebac mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs servisis miwodebis xarisxs. unda aRiniSnos, rom gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebis mqone beneficiarebis miRebis sakiTxi mogvarebulia Tbilisis adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebaSi (TavSesafarSi), Tumca baTumis TavSesafarSi amgvari SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs.
monitoringisas, problema gamovlinda beneficiarebis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Semowmebis kuTxiTac. mopovebuli informaciiT TavSesafarSi beneficiarebis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Semowmeba xdeba TavSesafarSi miRebisas, beneficiarTan gasaubrebis safuZvelze da daavadebis Sesaxeb Civilebis dros. gamomdinare iqidan, rom SesaZloa pirma ar icodes, rom gadamdebi daavadebis matarebelia, sxva beneficiarebis interesebis dasacavad mniSvnelovania TavSesafarSi miRebisas beneficiarebs aucilebeli samedicino Semowmeba CautardeT. aRniSnuli problemis winaSe aRmoCnda Tbilisis TavSesafari, rodesac TavSesafarSi ganTavsebidan 7 Tvis Semdeg dadginda, rom erT-erT beneficiars hqonda tuberkuliozi, Ria, gadamdebi formiT.
monitoringisas gamovlinda, rom kvlav dgas TavSesafrebis fizikuri garemos xelmisawvdomobis problema SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisTvis. mouwyobelia TavSesafris ezoebi. amasTan, baTumis TavSesafari adgilmdebareobis gamo ver akmayofilebs usafrTxoebis standarts. aseve, beneficiarebisTvis sareabilitacio da saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebi daxvewas saWiroebs, rac msxverplebs miscems SesaZleblobas metad integrirdnen sazogadoebaSi.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba28
qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da ojaxSi Zaladoba saqarTveloSi
qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da ojaxSi Zaladoba kvlav mZime problemad rCeba. SemTxvevaTa gamovlenis maCveneblis zrdis fonze kidev ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba saxelmwifos Zalisxmevas msxverplisTvis efeqturi servisis miwodebis da ganmeorebiTi Zaladobisgan dacvis kuTxiT. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifos mier dagegmili RonisZiebebi iyos droSi gawerili da Tanmimdevruli, xelSesaxebi cvlilebebis misaRwevad.63
samwuxarod, saqarTvelo kvlav rCeba socialur sivrced, sadac sazogadoebaSi Warbad aris gamjdari genderuli stereotipebi, aRniSnuli ki xels uwyobs qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis masStabebis zrdas.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier ganxorcielebuli saqmeTa Seswavlis da analizis Sedegad ikveTeba, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba gansakuTrebiT mZimed aisaxeba dabali Semosavlis mqone an Semosavlis armqone qalebze, arasrulwlovnebze, eTnikurad araqarTvel qalebsa da SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone qalebze da amis erT-erTi mizezi isic aris, rom samarTaldamcav uwyebebs da socialur samsaxurs gansakuTrebiT uWirT zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevebSi Zaladobis gamovlena da Semdgomi nabijebis dagegmva.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlav dgas ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaTa Seswavlis procesSi socialuri muSakebis efeqturad CarTvis problema. socialuri muSakebis mcire raodenobisa da gadatvirTuli samuSaos pirobebSi rTuli warmosadgenia ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebze saTanado reagirebis ganxorcieleba da efeqturi socialuri momsaxurebis gaweva.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis araerTi mowodebis miuxedavad kvlav ar xdeba qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze erTiani statistikis warmoeba da analizi, rac saxelmwifos saWiroebebsa da gamowvevebze dafuZnebuli reagirebis SesaZleblobas miscemda. amasTan, mniSvnelovanad Seuwyobda xels aRniSnul sakiTxebze momuSave da servisis mimwodebel organizaciebs mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebis gatarebaSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2015 wlisgan gansxvavebiT, angariSis momzadebisas, saxalxo damcvelis aparats gamoTxovili statistikuri informacia myisierad ar moewoda. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros korespondenciaSi miTiTebuli iyo, rom Sesabamis samsaxurebs daevalaT moTxovnili statistikuri monacemebis damuSaveba da analizi, rac dros moiTxovda. aRniSnuli xazs usvams im faqts, rom statistika ar aris samuSao procesis nawili da aqtivobebis warmarTvisas tendenciebs yuradReba ar eqceva.
63 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/not-a-min-ute-more-ending-violence-against-women/ > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 29
ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze arsebuli statistikuri monacemebi Semdegia:
tendenciad rCeba intimuri partnioris mxridan Zaladobis SemTxvevis Setyobinebis Semdeg msxverplis uari saqmiswarmoebis gagrZelebaze. saxalxo damcvelis aparatisadmi momarTvianobis mixedviT, mizezebi ukavSirdeba samarTaldamcavi uwyebebisadmi ndobis arqonas, Zaladobis gaZlierebis SiSs, daurwmuneblobas arsebuli meqanizmebis efeqtianobaSi, ekonomikuri damoukideblobisa da samomavlo perspeqtivebis arqonas, sacxovrebelTan dakavSirebul problemebs. Sedegad, aRniSnuli tendencia iwvevs gamouvleneli da aRuricxavi Zaladobis saqmeebis arsebobas, romelic saxelmwifos reagirebis miRma rCeba.
am problemis dasaZlevad qveynebi sxvadasxva zomebs mimarTaven, magaliTad, germaniaSi64 samarTaldamcav organosTan Seiqmna specialuri jgufi, romelic eqspertulad aRwers da dokumentirebas ukeTebs Zaladobis faqts. msxverpli, mas Semdeg rac saTanadod gaZlierdeba, mtkicebulebas, an mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas, romelic warsulSi momxdar Zaladobis faqts exeba, waradgens Sesabamisi organos winaSe. amgvari praqtikis Sedegad SeiZleba Tavidan aviciloT Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, romlebic samarTaldamcavi uwyebebis yuradRebis miRma rCeba.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelisadmi momarTvisas, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplebi xSirad miuTiTeben policielTa mxridan stereotipul damokidebulebaze. maTi informaciiT, policiis warmomadgenlebi, rig
64 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://www.bmfsfj.de/blob/93938/7da570051cb2af-391592774ca0dedcbe/gemeinsam-gegen-haeusliche-gewalt-englisch-wibig-data.pdf > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
cxrili #9: ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebi
2014 2015 2016
gacemuli damcavi orderebis raodenoba
damtkicebuli Semakavebeli orderebis raodenoba
111, 1261 muxlebiT devnis dawyebis maCvenebeli
ojaxuri konfliqtis statistika
`112~ _ ojaxSi jaladobis /konfliqtis Setyobinebebi 18163
584
1356
2877
179
15910
936
728
2726
173
9260
1371
350
902
87
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba30
SemTxvevebSi, gamoxatul solidarobas moZaladis mimarT amJRavnebdnen da msxverplebs Tavs uxerxulad agrZnobinebdnen ojaxis wevris winaaRmdeg Setanili saCivris gamo. zogierT msxverpls policiis ganyofilebaSi ganmeorebiTi mimarTvis survili dakarguli hqonda da Tavis dasacavad alternatiuli saSualebebis moZebnas cdilobda. aRniSnuli miuTiTebs, samarTaldamcavTa cnobierebis amaRlebis da reagirebis ganxorcielebisas genderulad mgrZnobiare meTodebis gamoyenebis aucileblobaze.
unda aRiniSnos, rom samarTaldamcavebisTvis gamowvevas warmoadgens SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis gamovlena. gansakuTrebiT is SemTxvevebi, romlebic fsiqikur janmrTelobas exeba. aRniSnuli problema gamovlinda saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier Seswavlil saqmeSi, sadac Zaladobis dasadgenad, policiisTvis sakmarisi aRmoCnda moZaladesTan gasaubreba, romelmac msxverplis fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problemaze miuTiTa da Zaladoba uaryo. moZaladis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi mxolod saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier gagzavnili winadadebis Semdgom dadga, romlis mixedviTac mTavar prokuraturas eTxova gamoZiebis dawyeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis mimniWebeli jgufis muSaoba dadebiTad aisaxeba ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebis identificirebis da msxverplTaTvis arsebuli servisebis xelmisawvdomobaze. rig SemTxvevebSi, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplebi sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo Tavs ikaveben samarTaldamcav uwyebebSi mimarTvisgan, maSin, rodesac, maTTvis statusis miniWeba mniSvnelovania TavSesafris, samarTlebrivi daxmarebis, iurdiuli Tu samedicino servisiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobisTvis.
2016 wels ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis ganmsazRvrelma jgufma sul 38 piris saqme Seiswavla da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusi mieniWa 32 pirs, 5 ganmcxadebels uari eTqva, xolo 1 saqme ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli, radgan ar Seesabameboda jgufis mier saqmis ganxilvisTvis aucilebel kriteriumebs.
ojaxSi Zaladobisgan damcavi meqanizmebis Sefaseba
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebis mixedviT 2016 wels gamocemuli Semakavebeli orderebis analizis Tanaxmad, Zaladobis faqti gamovlinda 3012 ojaxSi, aqedan Semakavebeli orderi damtkicda 2877-jer, sadac monawileobda 5667 adamiani. moZaladisa da msxverplis Sesaxeb statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, moZaladeTa 92% kacia, xolo msxverplTa 87% qali.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 31
msxverplTa asakobrivi gadanawilebis mixedviT yvelaze did risk jgufs (57%) kvlav warmoadgenen 25-44 wlamde asakis qalebi da 45 welze meti asakis kacebi (59%). gacemuli Semakavebeli orderebis raodenobis mixedviT, msxverplTa asakobrivi raodenoba 24 wlamde kvlav dabalia.
kvlav problemas warmoadgens regionebidan dabali momarTvianoba ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. mimarTvianobis gansakuTrebiT dabali maCvenebeli kvlav raWa-leCxumis, samcxe-javaxeTis, guriis da mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionebSia. vinaidan aRniSnul regionebSi, zedized, ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT dabali mimarTvianoba fiqsirdeba, aucilebelia am monacemis mizezebis Seswavla da cnobierebis asamaRleblad specialuri zomebis danergva.
cxrili #10: msxverplTa asakobrivi gadanawileba Semakavebeliorderebis mixedviT, 2016
cxrili #11: gamocemuli Semakavebeli orderebisgadanawileba regionebis mixedviT
qalikaci
79
289
1454
727
58
31
66
224
<16
17–24
25–44
>45
327
481160
393313
7821
16525
271211Sida qarTli
qvemo qarTli
samcxe-javaxeTi
samegrelo _ zemo svaneTi
raWa-leCxumi
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
kaxeTi
imereTi
q. Tbilisi
guria
aWara
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba32
rac Seexeba ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebze, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulze reagirebas, saqarTvelos prokuraturis cnobiT, 2016 wels ssk 111 - 1261 muxlebiT devna 1356 piris mimarT daiwyo. misasalmebelia, rom gasul welTan SedarebiT, TiTqmis gaormagebulia ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebze reagirebis maCvenebeli,65 rac gulisxmobs imas, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba, nela, magram Tanmimdevrulad inacvlebs piradi sferodan sajaro sivrceSi.
ojaxSi Zaladobis da qalze Zaladobis saqmeze Sinagan saqmeTa saministro da uzenaesi sasamarTlos analitikuri departamenti ar axdens gacemuli Semakavebeli da damcavi orderebis klasifikacias Zaladobis formebis mixedviT.66 Sesabamisad, saxalxo damcveli miiCnevs, rom samarTaldamcavi uwyebebi moklebulni arian SesaZleblobas gaaanalizon, erTis mxriv Zaladobis prevalenturi formebi da dagegmon Sesabamisi damcavi RonisZiebebi, da meores mxriv, moklebulni varT SesaZleblobas, movaxdinoT qalTa mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebze gatarebuli dacvis RonisZiebebis efeqtianobis Sefaseba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Semakavebeli orderis damtkicebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebSi ar ikveTeba, imsjela Tu ara sasamarTlom, ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevis ganxilvisas, arasrulwlovanis interesis Selaxvis faqtze, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela aseT SemTxvevaSi riski Zalian maRalia. aseve, ar ikveTeba, aseT SemTxvevebSi xdeboda Tu ara socialuri muSakis CarTva arasrulwlovanTa mdgomareobis gamosakvlevad.
qalTa ekonomikuri damoukideblobis SesaZlo gavlena ojaxSi ZaladobasTan
2016 wels saxalxo damcveli ganixilavda ojaxSi Zaladobis 20-mde saqmes, romelSic ganmcxadeblebi pirdapir uTiTebdnen ekonomikur damokidebulebaze, rogorc mTavar faqtorze, romlis gamoc maT uwevdaT gangrZobiTi da ganmeorebiTi Zaladobis moTmena.
am problemas xazs usvams „genderuli uTanasworobis globaluri indeqsis“ mier gamoqveynebuli monacemic, romelic exeba saqarTveloSi qalebis wvdomas qonebasTan. kvlevis Tanaxmad, qalebs, kacebTan SedarebiT memkvidreobiT qonebis miRebis orjer naklebi Sansi aqvT (koeficienti: 0.50). aseve orjer naklebia albaToba qalis mier uZravi an moZravi qonebis gamoyenebis, flobis an gankargvisa, kacebTan SedarebiT.
65 2015 wels ssk-is 111 da 1261 muxlebiT devna 728 piris mimarT daiwyo; informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: < http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/3/3891.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
66 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos werili #p-46-17; 08/02/2017 da saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros werili # MIA 7 1700314132; 08/02/2017.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 33
usaxlkarobasTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo politikis analizis67 Sedegebis Tanaxmad, genderuli uTanasworoba ojaxuri urTierTobebis doneze yvelaze did asaxvas hpovebs qalebs Soris sacxovrisis mdgomareobaze. es ukavSirdeba ojaxSi kerZo sakuTrebaze araTanabar wvdomas, ojaxSi qalebis mimarT Zaladobas da qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris saSinao Sromis usamarTlo ganawilebas.
saxalxo damcvelis genderuli Tanasworobis departamentis mier Seswavlili saqmeebi adasturebs, rom, rig SemTxvevebSi, qalebi meuRlis mxridan ganxorcielebul Zaladobas saTanado, materialuri saxsrebis ararsebobis an biologiuri ojaxis wevrebis mxridan mxardaWeris ararsebobis gamo iTmenen. am mxriv qalebisTvis droebiTi TavSesafari saboloo gamosavals ar warmoadgens, radgan problemas mxolod droebiT xsnis, xolo sacxovreblis Tu damoukideblad saxsrebis mopovebis SesaZlebloba mudmiv problemad rCeba. saqmeebis analizidan ikveTeba, rom xSiria, rodesac qalebs aiZuleben gayidon an daTmon mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli qoneba, kaci ojaxis wevrebis sasargeblod, Zaladobrivi gziT an Zaladobis muqariT.
samarTaldamcav organoebs uWirT amgvar saqmeebSi ekonomikuri Zaladobis gamoyofa da masze genderuli specifikurobis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba. msxverplisa da Zaladobis formis identificireba erTiorad rTuldeba, rodesac saqme exeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone qalTa mimarT ekonomikur Zaladobas. am SemTxvevaSi, socialur samsaxurs uWirs adekvaturi servisis da daxmarebis SeTavazeba SSm qalebisaTvis.
T.k.-s saqme
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatisTvis cnobili gaxda T.k.-s mimarT ganxorcielebuli ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebis Sesaxeb. mowodebuli informaciiT, T.k sistematiurad ganicdida fizikur da fsiqologiur Zaladobas meuRlis mxridan. ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis gamo, T.k. oTx SvilTan erTad meuRlis saxlidan wamovida da mSoblebis saxlSi dabrunda. Tumca mSoblebma mas Tanadgoma ar aRmouCines da daxmarebis nacvlad Seifares moZalade siZe, romelic T.k.-sTan Sesarigeblad mivida. aRniSnulis gamo T.k.-s SvilebTan erTad mSoblebis saxlis datoveba mouwia da Tavs saerTo sacxovrebels afarebda, sadac cxovrebisTvis Seusabamo pirobebi iyo.
n. i.-s saqme
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatisTvis mowodebuli informaciiT, n. i.-s ojaxSi sistematiurad aqvs adgili Zaladobas, kerZod, misi Zma,
67 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://www.scribd.com/document/329069739/>kvleva-usaxlkaroba [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba34
ojaxis wevrebis misamarTiT axorcielebs fsiqologiur Zaladobas. Zma iTxovs qonebis gadaformebas, amasTan moiTxovs kreditis gamotanas da misTvis gadacemas. n.i.-s ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebis Sesaxeb informirebulia, rogorc ssip socialuri momsaxurebis saagento, ise saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier gamocemulia ramdenime Semakavebeli orderi, Tumca Zaladobis prevencia ver xerxdeba.
ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTaTvisarsebuli servisebis Sefaseba
2016 wels saqarTveloSi Zaladobis msxverplTa momsaxurebis 5 saxelmwifo dawesebuleba (TavSesafari) funqcionirebda, romlis momsaxurebiTac 91-ma qalma da 5–ma kacma isargebla.
TavSesafarSi moxvedris samarTlebrivi safuZvlebidan yvelaze didi wili Semakavebeli orderis safuZvelze ganTavsebasa da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis ganmsazRvreli jgufis mier statusis miniWebas ukavSirdeba. kvlav dabalia damcavi orderebis gamoyenebis maCvenebeli.
cxrili #12: 2016 wels TavSesafarSi msxverplTamiReba/gadinebis dinamika
damokidebuli piri
kaci
kaci
Cair
icxa
amo
iric
xa
qali
qali
arasrulwlovani srulwlovani
96
5
88
4
6
2
3
2
73
71
67
70
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 35
2016 wels saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis genderuli Tanasworobis departamentma, gaeros qalTa organizaciis mxardaWeriT, ojaxSi Zaladobisa da trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafrebis monitoringi ganaxorciela, romelic miznad isaxavda ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sefasebas.
monitoringis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom beneficiarebi TavSesafris personalis muSaobas dadebiTad afaseben da TavSesafarSi Tavs daculad grZnoben. Tumca gamoikveTa, rom TavSesafrebSi saTanadod ar xdeba beneficiarTa SesaZleblobebis saTanado realizeba, maTi gaZliereba da fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia. aqedan gamomdinare, TavSesafris datovebis Semdeg beneficiarebs uWirT damoukideblad cxovrebis gagrZeleba da xSirad kvlav Zaladobriv garemoSi uwevT dabruneba.
mouwesrigebelia TavSesafrebSi arsebuli infrastruqtura da SeTavazebuli servisebis mravalferovneba. mniSvnelovania TavSesafrebma ufro meti yuradReba miaqcion dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebul beneficiarTa janmrTelobis sakiTxebs. aucilebelia, moxdes beneficiarTa regularuli gegmiuri Semowmeba da maT analizebi CautardeT TavSesafarSi SesvlisTanave, raTa Semcirdes sxvadasxva infeqciur daavadebaTa gavrcelebis riski. aseve, saWiroa daixvewos produqtis Sesyidvis praqtika. aqedan gamomdinare, daxvewas saWiroebs, rogorc Sida regulaciebi, aseve, mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa arsebulis praqtikaSi efeqtiani ganxorcieleba da am mimarTulebiT zedamxedvelobis gaZliereba.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi moqmedi yvela saxelmwifo TavSesafari, ZiriTadad, qalaqebSia ganlagebuli, rac SesaZloa soflad mcxovreb qalebs garkveul problemas uqmnides xelmisawvdomobasTan da mobilobasTan dakavSirebiT. amave problemas usvams xazs qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb specialuri momx
cxrili #13: TavSesafarSi moxvedris samarTlebrivi safuZveli
2014 2015 2016
msxverplis identificirebis ganmsazRvreli jgufi
dadgenileba dazaralebulad cnobis safuZvelze
damcavi orderi
Semakavebeli orderi71
4
12
22
37
7
4
9
11
0
0
7
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba36
senebeli, dubravka simonoviCi Tavis 2016 wlis angariSSi68 „qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb”.
qalTa mkvlelobebi da TviTmkvlelobebi (femicidi)
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis araerTi rekomendaciis miuxedavad kvlav ar xdeba genderuli niSniT motivirebuli qalTa mkvlelobebisa da TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanis SemTxvevaTa analizi, maT Soris, zusti statistikis warmoeba da xelmisawvdomoba.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelisadmi, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros da saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier miwodebuli statistikuri monacemebi arasrulia da rig SemTxvevebSi ar Seesabameba erTmaneTs.69 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT,70 2016 wels, ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad mkvlelobis 21 faqti moxda, Tumca monacemebis mixedviT moklul qalTa raodenoba ar ikveTeba. saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier informaciis mowodeba moxda arasrulad,71 im mizeziT, rom mTavari prokuraturis analitikuri departamentis mier, Sesabamis vadaSi ver moeswro moTxovnili statistikuri monacemebis damuSaveba da analizi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saxalxo damcvelis aparati 2017 wlis Tebervali - martis periodSi iTxovda statistikur informacias, 2016 wels momxdari faqtebis Sesaxeb.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saxalxo damcveli moklebulia SesaZleblobas warmoadginos detaluri analizi da Sefaseba. aRsaniSnavia, rom dRemde ar sruldeba qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb gaeros specialuri momxseneblis mowodeba, Seiqmnas femicidis SemTxvevebis aRricxvisa da analizis efeqtiani sistema.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier Seswavlili qalTa mkvlelobis da mkvlelobis mcdelobis saqmeebi aCvenebs, rom partniorebs an yofil partniorebs Soris Zaladoba yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgens. agreTve, mniSvnelovan yuradRebas saWiroebs qalTa TviTmkvlelobis is SemTxvevebi, romelTa SesaZlo mizezic, ojaxSi sistematiuri xasiaTis Zaladobaa. aucilebelia samarTaldamcavma organoebma gamoiZion TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanis yvela faqti da imsjelon Zaladobis motivze amgvar saqmeebSi.
68 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze:<http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/3/3867.pdf> [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
69 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier gamoqveynebuli informaciiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna daiwyo 18, xolo saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis monacemebiT 16 SemTxvevaze.
70 informacia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: <http://police.ge> [bolos nanaxia: 15/03/2017].71 saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis werili # 13/16346, 13/03/2017.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 37
saxalxo damcveli 2014 wlidan dRemde Seiswavlis x.j.-s da m.d.-s TviTmkvlelobamde SesaZlo miyvanis faqtebs. daaxloebiT 3 welia mimdinareobs gamoZieba x.j.-s TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanis faqtze, Tumca gamoZieba am dromde mimdinareobs da konkretuli piris/pirebis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna dawyebuli ar aris. msgavsi suraTia m.d-s TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanis faqtze, sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqmeze konkretuli Sedegi ar damdgara. samwuxarod, gaWianurebuli gamoZieba calsaxad miuTiTebs qalTa SesaZlo TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanis saqmeebis gamoZiebis araefeqturobaze samarTaldamcavi struqturebis mxridan.
saxalxo damcveli femicidis maRal raodenobas kvlav qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebze monitoringisa da riskis Sefasebis sistemis ararsebobas ukavSirebs. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis genderuli Tanasworobis departamenti 2016 wels swavlobda ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad qalTa mkvlelobis, mkvlelobis mcdelobis da janmrTelobis dazianebis im saqmeebs, sadac, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro danaSaulis faqtamde informirebuli iyo ojaxSi arsebuli SesaZlo Zaladobis Sesaxeb.
Seswavlili saqmeebi cxadyofs, rom samarTaldamcavi uwyebis warmomadgenlebs uWirT genderuli niSniT Zaladobis identificireba, gansakuTrebiT, fsiqologiuri Zaladobisa da muqaris gamovlena, aqcenti mxolod TvaliT xilul fizikur dazianebaze keTdeba da reagirebac swored maSin xdeba Tu moZaladem msxverpli ukve fizikurad imsxverpla an daaziana. Seswavlili saqmeebidan gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebelia qalis ganzrax mkvlelobis is SemTxveva, rodesac ojaxSi arsebuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb Setyobineba policiis organoSi mkvlelobamde ramdenime saaTiT adre dafiqsirda, Tumca danaSaulis prevencia ver moxerxda.
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrodan gamoTxovil informaciaSi, rig SemTxvevebSi, reagirebis ganuxorcieleblobis mizezad msxverplis mier Setyobinebis gauqmebis faqtoria miTiTebuli. aseT SemTxvevebSi samarTaldamcavi uwyeba ar interesdeba, ratom gauqma msxverplma Setyobineba, xom ar dgas Setyobinebis gauqmebis ukan moZaladis mimarT SiSi an muqara. gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas saWiroebs is SemTxvevebi, rodesac samarTaldamcav uwyebaSi msxverpls ramdenime Setyobineba aqvs dafiqsirebuli da zogierT maTganze reagirebac momxdaria. aseT pirobebSi, Tu msxverpli morigi Zaladobis Sesaxeb atyobinebs samarTaldamcavebs da mogvianebiT Setyobinebas auqmebs, samarTaldamcavi uwyeba aRar swavlobs saqmes. aRniSnuli faqtori xazs usvams, rom msxverplis mier ganxorcielebuli TiToeuli mimarTva samarTaldamcavTa mier ganixileba, rogorc calke aRebuli SemTxveva da ojaxSi Zaladobis sistematuri da gangrZobadi xasiaTis gaTvaliswineba ar xdeba.
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciis uzrunvelsayofad ubnis inspeqtorebis roli, romlebsac konfliqturi ojaxebis perioduli kontroli evalebaT. Seswavlili saqmeebi cxadyofs, rom samar
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba38
Taldamcavi uwyeba msxverplis morig Setyobinebas elodeba da ubnis inspeqtorebis mier ar xdeba ojaxSi arsebuli mdgomareobis gadamowmeba.
zemoxsenebuli problemebi saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier „saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis safuZvelze, sakuTari iniciativiT Seswavlil ramdenime saqmeSi gamovlinda:
k.i-s saqme
2016 wlis 13 ivliss, k.i.-s ganzrax mkvlelobis faqtTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Tbilisis policiis departamentis deteqtivebis sammarTvelos pirvel ganyofilebaSi gamoZieba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-108-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebiT daiwyo. braldebulis saxiT dakavebul iqna gardacvlilis meuRle.72
mkvlelobis faqtamde, ramdenime saaTiT (18:59 saaTi) adre saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ssip 112-is samsaxurSi dafiqsirda Setyobineba: zaris iniciatori (gardacvlilis bebia) SviliSvilis mimarT ganxorcielebul fizikur Zaladobaze uTiTebda da daxmarebas iTxovda. momdevno zaris iniciatori braldebulia (23:33 saaTi), misi TqmiT meuRle mokla da surda policias Cabareboda.
m.f-s saqme
2016 wlis 31 marts, m.f.-s mkvlelobis mcdelobis faqtze gamoZieba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros aWaris a/r policiis departamentis xelvaCauris raionuli sammarTvelos urexis policiis ganyofilebaSi daiwyo. dazaralebulis yofil meuRles brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111, 19-108 muxlebiT waredgina.73
danaSaulis faqtamde samarTaldamcav uwyebaSi ojaxSi SesaZlo Zaladobis Sesaxeb 7 Setyobineba fiqsirdeba. mowodebuli informaciiT, vinaidan aRniSnuli Setyobinebebi sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis niSnebs ar Seicavda, samarTaldamcavi uwyebis mxridan reagireba ar ganxorcielebula.74
saqmeTa Seswavlisas, aseve gamovlinda ssip socialuri momsaxurebis da saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Soris koordinaciis proble
72 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros administraciis werili # 2072147; 18/08/2016. 73 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros aWaris a/r policiis departamentis xelvaCauris
raionuli sammarTvelos werili #MIA 5 16 00959424; 18/04/2016. 74 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros administraciis werili # 1859144; 26/07/2016.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 39
ma. rig SemTxvevebSi Zaladobis saqmes orive uwyeba swavlobda, Tumca maTi Seswavlis Sedegebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeboda. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zaladobis identificireba rig saqmeebSi socialurma samsaxurma SeZlo, policiis organo ar iziarebda maT mier mopovebul informacias.
mniSvnelovania, rom moZaladis ganridebis meqanizmis gamoyeneba praqtikulad msxverplis dacvisTvis aucilebel Sedegs ver gvaZlevs. xSiria, rodesac ojaxSi Zaladobis dros, Tavad Zaladobis msxverpls uwevs sacxovreblis datoveba da TavSesafrisTvis mimarTva. ZiriTadad, moZaladeTa gamorideba xdeba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris TanamSromlebis mier, Zaladobis faqtis myisieri ganmuxtvis mizniT, drois mcire monakveTiT, Tumca, aRniSnuli Tavidan ver agvaridebs ganmeorebiT Zaladobas.
amJamad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro ar awarmoebs statistikas, Tu ramden SemTxvevaSi iqna gamoyenebuli ganrideba ojaxSi Zaladobis dros. aucilebelia, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, Zaladobis Sesaxeb monacemebis Segrovebisas yuradRebas aqcevdes da agrovebdes im informacias, Tanacxovrobdnen Tu ara msxverpli da moZalade erTad Zaladobis faqtis dadgomisas da moxda Tu ara moZaladis ganrideba, rac, SemdgomSi, am uwyebas saSualebas miscems sworad dagegmos monitoringis RonisZiebebi.
qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCreba
qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCreba uflebebis ukiduresi darRvevaa, romelic gavlenas axdens qalis janmrTelobis, usafrTxoebis, fizikuri xelSeuxeblobis, wamebis akrZalvis da sxva uflebebis ganxorcielebaze.
2016 wels genitaliebis dasaxiCrebis SemTxvevebi saqarTvelos erT regionSi gamovlinda. genitaliebis dasaxiCrebis praqtika gavrcelebulia, rogorc „naTlobis“ ritualis nawili, romelic qalis sasqeso organos, klitoris mcire nawilis mokveTas an CaWras gulisxmobs da saxlis pirobebSi tardeba.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier mopovebuli informaciiT dadginda, rom mosaxleoba ar flobs informacias sakiTxis sirTulis, riskebisa da garTulebebis Sesaxeb. aseve, ar ician Tu ra mizans emsaxureba aRniSnuli praqtika da mas, ZiriTadad, tradiciebs an/da religiur wes-Cveulebebs ukavSireben.
saxalxo damcvelma gamoiTxova informacia Sesabamisi struqturebidan qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCrebasTan dakavSirebiT Catarebul samuSaoebze maTi marTebulobisa da masStabebis analizis mizniT. saqarTvelos
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba40
mTavari prokuraturidan da saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrodan miRebuli pasuxebis Tanaxmad75 qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCrebis praqtikis winaaRmdeg gadadgmuli nabijebi ZiriTadad faqtebis Seswavlasa da mosaxleobasTan Sexvedrebs moicavs, aRniSnuli qmedebis arasamarTlebriv xasiaTTan dakavSirebiT maTi cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT.
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,76 saministrom Caatara ori uwyebaTaSorisi Sexvedra, romelTa Semdeg daibeWda sainformacio bukleti „saSiSi da janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo procedurebis Sesaxeb“. amasTan, saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, maT gaiTvaliswines konkretul TemSi arsebuli rezistentuli mdgomareoba sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da garkveuli drois manZilze TemTan Sexvedrebisagan Tavs ikaveben, Tumca, 2017 wlis gazafxulidan saministro apirebs am sakiTxze muSaobis gagrZelebas. aseve, dagegmilia uwyebaTaSorisi samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba.
saxalxo damcveli miesalmeba imas, rom stambolis konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli cvlilebaTa paketis damtkicebis Semdeg, kanonmdeblobaSi gawerili iqneba qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCrebis definicia. amasTan, aucilebelia gaZlierdes muSaoba mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebis mimarTulebiT. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania uwyebaTaSorisi samoqmedo gegmis drouli SemuSaveba, raTa gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi daigegmos sifrTxiliT, saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikaze dayrdnobiTa da sxvadasxva uwyebis koordinirebuli CarTulobiT. aucilebelia aRniSnuli saqmianoba praqtikis siRrmiseul kvlevas eyrdnobodes, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani faqtoris TanakveTa, rogoricaa sakiTxis genderuli maxasiaTeblebi, Zaladobis msxverplTa eTnikuri warmomavloba, sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli stigma da xelaxali travmis miyenebis safrTxe.
adreul asakSi da bavSvTa qorwineba
saqarTveloSi adreul asakSi da bavSvTa qorwineba kvlav warmoadgens genderuli uTanasworobis erT-erT SemaSfoTebel gamovlinebas. 2016 wels saxalxo damcvelis mier Seswavlili saqmeebis analizidan ikveTeba, rom Semcirda faqtobrivi Tanacxovrebis SemTxvevebi, Tumca gaizarda niSnobebis maCvenebeli, rac aranakleb zRudavs arasrulwlovanTa uflebebs da uaryofiT asaxvas hpovebs arasrulwlovanTa ganviTarebis, ganaTlebis miRebis da Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZleblobaze.
75 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros werili #MIA 2 17 00353071; 13/02/2017 da saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis werili #13/4355; 23/01/2017.
76 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros werili #01/4252; 25/01/2017.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 41
saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad 2015 wels 611 arasrulwlovani piris qorwineba daregistrirda, xolo 2016 wels mxolod 5. aRniSnuli kleba saxalxo damcvelis iniciativiT samoqalaqo kodeqsSi Sesuli cvlilebis Sedegia, rac pirdapiri magaliTia imisa, rom arsebobs genderuli sakiTxebi, romelTa regulirebaSic saxelmwifom SesaZloa mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos. 2015 welTan SedarebiT mcired, magram mainc naklebia bavSvis registraciis momentSi arasrulwlovani mSoblebis raodenoba, romelic erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 1449-dan 1278-mde Semcirda.77 samwuxarod, tendencia, rom bavSvis dabadebisas arasrulwlovani mSoblebis ricxvi mkveTrad aRemateba adreul qorwinebasTan dakavSirebul monacemebs, 2016 welsac SenarCunebulia.78
77 iusticiis saministros werili #01/19266; 23/01/2017.78 tendenciis Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebidan Se
fasebisTvis sakmaod cota droa gasuli, radgan cvlileba realurad 2016 wlis meore naxevars Seexo.
cxrili #14: adreul asakSi qorwinebis monacemebi
cxrili #15: bavSvis dabadebis momentisTvis arasrulwlovani mSobeli
2015 2016
arasrulwlovanTa skolis mitovebis faqtebi ojaxis Seqmnis mizniT
arasrulwlovanTa registrirebuli qorwineba
bavSvis dabadebis momentisTvis arasrulwlovani mSobeli 1278
5
115
1449
611
408
orive mSobeli mxolod mama mxolod deda
2014
2015
2016
1527
1372
1224
39
35
54
61
42
443
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba42
arasrulwlovanTa qorwineba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli ganaTlebis miRebis uflebasTan. samwuxaroa, rom xSirad arasrulwlovnebi Tavs anebeben ganaTlebis miRebas, rac SemdgomSi moqmedebs qalTa ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze da rac mTavaria, erTi-orad zrdis ojaxSi Zaladobis riskebs. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad79, adreuli qorwinebis mizeziT swavla 2016 wels Sewyvita 13-dan 17 wlamde 115-ma moswavlem maSin, rodesac 2015 wels swavla 408 moswavlem Sewyvita:
miuxedavad mkveTrad Semcirebuli registrirebuli qorwinebis raodenobisa, problemuria reagirebis ganxorcieleba faqtobrivi Tanacxovrebisas. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier saqmeTa Seswavlisas xarvezebi vlindeba, rogorc samarTaldamcavi uwyebis, ise socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mier ganxorcielebul RonisZiebebSi. socialuri saagentos mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,80 am uwyebam 2016 wels sul 79 adreul asakSi qorwinebis SemTxveva Seiswavla.
kvlav problemas warmoadgens adreul asakSi qorwinebis SemTxvevaSi uwyebebs Soris koordinacia. miuxedavad imisa, rom xSir SemTxvevebSi adreul asakSi qorwinebas Tan axlavs: sqesobrivi danaSauli, swavlis mitoveba, mSoblebis mxridan ugulebelyofa, aRniSnul garemoebebs, faqtobrivi ojaxuri urTierTobis arsebobis gamo, bavSvze zrunvis saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi da samarTaldamcavi uwyebis warmomadgenlebi ar aRiqvamen darRvevad, xSirad uTiTeben qorwinebis nebayoflobiTobaze an tradiciul faqtorebze da ar atareben qmediT RonisZiebebs arasrulwlovanis WeSmariti interesebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad.
79 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros werili #MES 3 17 00047276; 20/01/2017. 80 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros werili #01/4054,
24/01/2017 da #01/62049, 12/08/2016.
cxrili #16: adreul asakSi qorwinebis mizniT skolis mitovebis maCveneblebi
2015 2016
17 wlis
16 wlis
15 wlis
14 wlis
13 wlis0
0
32
44
39
1
16
65
143
183
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 43
adreul asakSi qorwinebisas, arasrulwlovanis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis miuxedavad, socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos uWirs miiRos bavSvis ojaxidan gamoyvanis gadawyvetileba. aseT dros, socialuri samsaxuri cdilobs dafaros ojaxSi arsebuli problemebi. samwuxarod, dafiqsirda sagangaSo SemTxvevebi, rodesac adreul asakSi qorwinebisas socialuri momsaxurebis saagentom, arasrulwlovanis ojaxSi yofnis gamarTlebisTvis formaluri safuZvlis Sesaqmnelad, savaraudo moZaladis (saqmros) deda daniSna mzrunvelad. aseve, dafiqsirda SemTxveva, rodesac socialurma samsaxurma ojaxSi arsebuli garemo arasrulwlovanisTvis keTilsaimedod da araZaladobrivad Seafasa maSin, rodesac arasrulwlovanis meuRle sqesobrivi danaSaulis Cadenis gamo damnaSaved iqna cnobili da aRniSnulis Sesaxeb socialuri samsaxuri informirebuli iyo.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 140-e muxli srulwlovanis 16 wlis asaks miuRwevelTan sqesobrivi kavSiris danaSaulis CadenisTvis 7-dan 9 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas iTvaliswinebs, yovelgvari sagamonakliso wesis gareSe. saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,81 ssk-is 140-e muxliT devna 183 piris mimarT daiwyo, maT Soris, umravlesoba (161) ojaxuri niSniT Cadenili danaSaulia (88%).
samwuxarod, saqmeTa Seswavlisas vlindeba rom srulwlovani mamakacis da 16 wlis asaks miuRweveli gogonas faqtobrivi qorwinebisas samarTaldamcavi uwyeba ar interesdeba SesaZlo sqesobrivi danaSauliT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, sakmarisia wyvilma ganacxados, rom maT Soris sqesobriv kavSirs ar aqvs adgili, an ganacxadon rom sqesobriv kavSirs gogonas 16 wlis asakis miRwevamde adgili ar eqneba. sqesobrivi danaSaulis faqtze gamoZieba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iwyeba, Tu gogona orsulad aris, rac utyuarad adasturebs momxdar danaSauls.
adreuli qorwinebis, rogorc danaSaulebrivi qmedebis da mosalodneli sasjelis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi cnobiereba dabalia. faqtobrivi ojaxis Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi, ar xdeba ssk-is 140-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli realuri sasjelis Sefardeba da damnaSaves uformdeba saproceso SeTanxmeba. samwuxarod, mosaxleobaSi saproceso SeTanxmebis praqtika aRqmulia, rogorc „jarima“ arasrulwlovan gogonaze daqorwinebisTvis da zogierT SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad qmedebis danaSaulebriobis Sesaxeb informirebulobisa, materialurad SeZlebuli ojaxebisTvis misaRebia jarimiT dakisrebulis gadaxda asakiT patara gogonaze qorwinebis sanacvlod.82
rac Seexeba ssk-is 143-e muxliT dasjad qmedebas, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas (maT Soris, qorwinebis mizniT motacebas), saqarTvelos Sina
81 saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis werili N13/16346, 13/03/2017.82 saxalxo damcvelis mier 2015-2016 wlebSi Catarebuli sainformacio Sexvedrebi adreul
asakSi qorwinebasTan dakavSirebiT.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba44
gan saqmeTa saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,83 2016 wels 143-e muxlis „d“ qvepunqtiT gamoZieba dawyebul iqna 27 saqmeze, xolo saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier mowodebuli monacemebis mixedviT,84 amave muxliT devna 20 SemTxvevaSi daiwyo.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos mier adreul qorwinebasTan brZolis mizniT gadadgmuli nabijebi efeqturia, magram - arasakmarisi. ar gadadgmula qmediTi nabijebi aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebisTvis, rac mniSvnelovania, rogorc sqesobrivi danaSaulis prevenciis, ise adreul asakSi qorwinebis SemTxvevebis SemcirebisTvis.
2016 wels, aseve gamovlinda ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebam daarRvia referirebis dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi da ar Seatyobina Sesabamis organoebs adreul asakSi qorwinebis SemTxvevis Sesaxeb. referirebis dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebuli Setyobinebis valdebulebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi, aseve gamovlinda saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mxridan. aRniSnuli kidev erTxel usvams xazs adreul asakSi qorwinebebis sakiTxebze saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebasa da saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros warmomadgenelebis cnobierebis amaRlebis aucileblobas.
m.j. -s saqme
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels momarTa m.j.-m, romelic miuTiTebda Svilis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb. mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, 15 wlis m.j. daqorwinda 27 wlis mamakacze. qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi gogona meuRlis mxridan fizikuri da fsiqologiuri Zaladobis msxverpli gaxda. saqmis Seswavlisas gamovlinda, rom saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, aseve saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba informirebuli iyo adreul asakSi daqorwinebis faqtis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, daqorwinebisas reagireba ar ganuxorcielebia. policiis organosTvis sakmarisi aRmoCnda wyvilis ganmarteba, rom maT Soris sqesobriv kavSirs gogonas 16 wlis asakis miRwevamde adgili ar eqneboda. policiis organom reagireba mas Semdeg ganaxorciela, rac qorwinebidan ramdenime TveSi xelaxali Setyobineba dafiqsirda ojaxSi meuRlis mxridan ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb. arc erT dawesebulebas socialuri samsaxurisTvis momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb ar Seutyobinebia.
adreul asakSi qorwinebis praqtikasTan erTad, aseve gamowvevas warmoadgens arasrulwlovani gogonebis niSnoba. samwuxarod, niSnobis SemTxvevebi bavSvze zrunvis dawesebulebis da samarTaldamcavi uwyebis war
83 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros werili N 201943,26/01/2017 da N2050756, 16/08/2016.84 saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis werili N 08-3/506, 11/01/2017 da N13/53405, 15/082016.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 45
momadgenlebis mxridan yuradRebas naklebad imsaxurebs. am SemTxvevebSi maTTvis ganmsazRvrelia, rom daniSnuli biologiur ojaxSi rCeba. amaves adasturebs saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturidan gamoTxovili informaciac, 1501 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT dawyebuli gamoZiebis Sesaxeb.85 am muxliT gamoZieba 2016 wels mxolod 3 SemTxvevaSi daiwyo.
lgbti pirTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba
gansakuTrebiT mZimea lgbti pirTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba. arsebuli homofobiuri da transfobiuri ganwyobebis sapasuxod, saxelmwifos mier, lgbti pirTa uflebrivi mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad gadadgmuli nabijebi kvlav minimaluria da formalur xasiaTs atarebs.
erTis mxriv lgbti pirebi Tavs daculad ver grZnoben, radgan maRalia maT mimarT siZulvilis gamovlinebis maCvenebeli, xolo meores mxriv, kvlav rCeba xarvezebi sakanonmdeblo doneze, romlebic lgbti pirebs arTmevs SesaZleblobas sxvaTa Tanasworad isargeblon konstituciiT garantirebuli uflebebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo aTwleulSi qveyanaSi miRebul iqna rigi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, arasakmarisi da araefeqturia am kanonebis praqtikulad ganxorcielebis sakiTxi. mosaxleobaSi kvlav maRalia homofobiuri ganwyobebi da aseve, problemad rCeba e.w. politikuri homofobia, anu, politikuri subieqtebis mxridan homofobiuri, siZulvilis enis gamoyeneba, rac uaryofiTad aisaxeba lgbti Temis uflebriv mdgomareobaze da kidev ufro aRvivebs sazogadoebis mxridan agresias.
lgbti adamianebi saqarTveloSi arian sistemuri Zaladobis, Seviwroebis, devnis, Seuwynareblobisa da diskriminaciis msxverplni cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. maT mimarT gamovlenili Zaladoba da uTanasworo mopyroba xSirad vlindeba ojaxSi, sajaro sivrcesa Tu sxvadasxva instituciebSi fizikuri da fsiqologiuri Zaladobis, marginalizaciis, bulingis da socialuri gariyvis saxiT.86 samwuxarod, lgbti adamianebi ver qmnian sakuTar uflebriv da samarTlebriv mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebul dRis wesrigs.
saxelmwifo kvlav ver uzrunvelyofs iseTi saganmanaTleblo sistemis Seqmnas, romelic daclili iqneba homofobiuri da transfobiuri warmodgenebisgan da xels Seuwyobs adreuli asakidanve tolerantuli Rirebulebebis ganviTarebas skolis moswavleebSi. aseve xSiria maswav
85 saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis werili N 1353405, 15/08/2016 da werili N13/6254, 30/01/2017.
86 deklaracia seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis (sogi) safuZvelze diskriminaciis aRmofxvrisa da lgbti pirTa uflebrivi Tanasworobis miRwevis Sesaxeb, 2016.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba46
leblebSi homofobiuri ganwyobebi, rac aRvivebs da axalisebs Zaladobrivi faqtebis mimarT umoqmedobas. ganaTlebis uflebis sargeblobis kuTxiT, saqarTvelos sajaro skolebsa da sauniversiteto sivrceebSi kvlav gabatonebulia homofobiuri da transfobiuri ganwyoba, rac aZlierebs ganaTlebis uflebiT sargeblobis SezRudvas lgbti Temis wevrebisTvis, qmnis mtrul garemos da aRniSnuli sivrcidan maT gariyvas iwvevs.87
qveyanaSi Seqmnili rTuli uflebrivi mdgomareoba gansakuTrebiT mZimed aisaxeba lgbti sazogadoebis SedarebiT mowyvlad jgufebze, rogoricaa magaliTad lb qalebi da transgenderi qalebi. maT mimarT gamovlenil homofobiur ganwyobebs, zogadad, qalTa uflebrivi kuTxiT arsebuli mZime mdgomareoba erwymis da Sedegad lbt jgufis warmomadgenelTa raodenoba, vinc samjer an metjer gamxdara Zaladobis msxverpli, aRemateba gei da biseqsual jgufSi igive gamocdilebis mqone kacebis raodenobas.88 miuxedavad amisaa, saangariSo periodSi saxalxo damcvelis aparatSi arc erTi saqme, romelic lb qalebis mimarT fizikur Zaladobas exeba, ar Semosula, rac TavisTavad miuTiTebs problemis dabal xilvadobaze Tavad TemSi. am SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom lb qalebi saxelmwifos mier regulirebuli urTierTobebis miRma arian darCenilni da sxva jgufebTan SedarebiT maTi gamocdileba metad aris ugulvebelyofili.
rac Seexeba transgender qalebs, maT mimarT bevri sxvadasxva faqtoris gamo gamovlenili Zaladobis masStabi imdenad didia, rom samarTaldamcav uwyebebs xSirad uwevT am urTierTobebSi Careva, Tumca, 2016 wels gazrdili SemTxvevebis fonze, SesaZloa calsaxad iTqvas, rom policias ar gaaCnia am Zaladobis regulirebis strategia, Semoifargleba mxolod calkeul incidentebze reagirebiT da ver umklavdeba problemis sistemur xasiaTs.
2016 wlis 17 maisis saqme
2016 wels lgbti aqtivistebis damoukidebeli jgufis gancxadebiT, Zaladobis mosalodneli safrTxeebisa da saxelmwifos mxridan RonisZiebis usafrTxod Catarebis garantiebis ararsebobis gamo, maT uari Tqves sajaro gamosvlaze, rac ukan gadadgmul nabijad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis dacvis kuTxiT.
2016 wlis 17 maiss, gamTeniisas 10 lgbti aqtivisti daakaves. 3 maTgani daakaves metrosadgur „Tavisuflebis moedanze“, xolo 7 – sapatriarqos SenobasTan, stensilebis xatvisa da policielis kanonieri moTxovnisadmi daumorCileblobis gamo. dakavebulebma saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis rwmunebulebs ganucxades, rom maTi dakaveba ganxorcielda uxeSi
87 lgbti pirTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi, adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri, 2016.
88 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:< https://ge.boell.org/ka/2016/06/17/cinascargancqobidan-ta-nascorobamde > [bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 47
formebiT, yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe da homofobiuri enis gamoyenebiT. lgbti aqtivistebi uTiTebdnen, rom isini daakaves samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cacmulma pirebma, aseve maTi transportireba ar ganxorcielebula policiis avtomanqanebiT. dakavebulebis adgilsamyofeli ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi ucnobi iyo. aRniSnuli informaciis moZieba gauWirdaT, maT Soris, saxalxo damcvelis rwmunebulebs. dakavebulebi aRniSnavdnen, rom maTTvis dakavebisTanave ar ganumartavT uflebebi da ar miuciaT axloblebTan dakavSirebis SesaZlebloba.
SemaSfoTebelia, rom mdgomareoba gauaresebulia 2015 welTan SedarebiT, rodesac xelisuflebis mxridan usafrTxoebis garkveuli zomebis miRebis Semdeg, lgbti aqtivistebs saSualeba miecaT aReniSnaT homofobiisa da transfobiis winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso dRe, miuxedavad imisa, rom aqciebi SezRuduli iyo drosa da sivrceSi.
saxalxo damcvels miaCnia, rom saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebma, maqsimalurad unda Seuwyon xeli siZulviliT ganpirobebuli Zaladobrivi qmedebebis prevenciasa da homofobiuri gamovlinebebis aRkveTas, aseve lgbti adamianebis konstituciiT garantirebuli uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis upirobo ganxorcielebas.
transgenderi Temis xelmisawvdomoba saxelmwifo servisebTan
mTavar gamowvevas kvlav warmoadgens transgenderi pirebisTvis sqesis samarTlebrivi aRiareba.89 imis gamo, rom transgender adamianebs ar eZlevaT SesaZlebloba samoqalaqo dokumentebSi sqesis aRmniSvneli Canaweri sakuTari genderuli identobis Sesabamisad Secvalon, am dokumentebiT sargeblobisas izrdeba maTi diskriminaciis riski da arasaTanado mopyrobis an Zaladobis ganxorcielebis albaToba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sakanonmdeblo doneze sqesis Secvlis proceduruli wesi gawerili ar aris, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mier dadgenili praqtika, sqesis Secvlis safuZvlad anatomiuri sqesis Secvlis operaciis cnobis wardgenas ganixilavs. aRniSnuli winaaRmdegobaSi modis saerTaSoriso standartebTan, romlis mixedviTac saxelmwifoebma SesaZlebloba unda miscen transgender adamianebs oficialur dokumentebSi saxelisa da sqesis aRmniSvneli Canaweri swrafi da advilad xelmisawvdomi gziT Secvalon. amasTan, Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba gaumarTlebeli SezRudvebisa da uxilavi/xiluli barierebis aRmofxvras, romelic Tan axlavs sqesis Canaweris Secvlis proceduras.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelma, 2015 wels winadadebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros, samoqalaqo aqtebSi sqesis Canaweris cvlilebasTan dakavSirebuli proceduruli wesis SemuSavebisa da
89 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze:< http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/3/3720.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba48
damtkicebis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis winadadebis miuxedavad arsebuli praqtika ar Secvlila da transgender pirTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba am mxriv ar gaumjobesebula. garda winadadebisa, saangariSo periodSi momzadda sasamarTlos megobris mosazreba, romelic agreTve exeboda sqesis samarTlebriv aRiarebas.
sasamarTlo megobris mosazrebaSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdebloba Tu samarTlebrivi praqtika mimarTulia imisken, rom saxelmwifoebma SesaZlebloba miscen transgender adamianebs oficialur dokumentebSi saxelisa da sqesis aRmniSvneli Canaweri swrafi, advilad xelmisawvdomi gziT Secvalon, amasTan Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba gaumarTlebeli SezRudvebis aRmofxvras, romelic Tan axlavs sqesis Canaweris Secvlis proceduras. magaliTad, evropis fundamentur uflebaTa saagentos gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom transgenderi adamianebi ufro metad eqvemdebarebian diskriminaciul mopyrobas, gansakuTrebiT samuSaos Ziebisas, vidre lgb pirebi. gamokiTxul transgender respondentTa TiTqmis yovel mesame (30%) pirs gamoucdia diskriminacia samuSao adgilze, rac faqtobrivad, 2-jer aRemateba lgb jgufSi diskriminaciul gamocdilebebs.90
rac Seexeba jandacvis servisebiT sargeblobas, 2015 wels transgenderi adamianebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb warmoebul kvlevaSi respondentebis umetesoba acxadebs, rom, maTi azriT, saqarTveloSi eqimebs transgenderi adamianebisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvT da es erT erTi barieria imisaTvis, rom transgenderma adamianebma xarisxiani jandacvis momsaxureba miiRon.91
saxalxo damcveli miiCnevs rom aucilebelia am problemis swrafi da efeqturi gadawyveta, rac moicavs samedicino procedurebisa da sqesis samarTlebrivi aRiarebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas. sqesis Sesaxeb Canaweris cvlileba damoukidebeli unda iyos transgenderi adamianis mier Catarebul sqesis Secvlis operaciisagan da mis mier ganvlil hormonaluri/medikamentozuri Terapiisagan.
genderuli Zaladoba lgbti Temis mimarT
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier Seswavlili gancxadebebi naTlad warmoaCens jgufis mimarT arsebul Zaladobriv realobas. rac adasturebs im faqts, rom lgbti jgufis mimarT damokidebulebi araTu ubralod icvleba negatiurisken, aramed aisaxeba kidevac jgufis wevrebis mimarT masobriv ZaladobaSi.92
90 lgbt pirTa kvleva evropaSi, 2014, ZiriTadi mignebebi, gv.29. 91 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <http://women.ge/data/docs/publications/WISG_Transgen-
der_survey_2015.pdf >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts]. 92 informacia xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: <https://ge.boell.org/ka/2016/06/17/cinascargancqobidan-ta-
nascorobamde >[bolos nanaxia 2017 wlis 15 marts].
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 49
aRiarebulia, rom Zaladobrivi da homo/bi/transfobiuri garemo lgbti Tems uxilav socialur jgufad aqcevs da pirdapir gavlenas axdens ara mxolod am adamianebis keTildReobasa da janmrTelobaze, aramed xels uSlis maT TviTrealizebaSi individualur, interpersonalur da politikur doneze.93
ojaxSi Zaladobis gamocdilebebis kvleva evropis fundamentur uflebaTa saagentos (FRA) 2014 wlis gamokiTxvis erT-erT komponents warmoadgenda.94 gamokiTxul respondentTa 7%-ma miuTiTa, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli seriozuli Zaladobrivi incidentebi xdeboda maTi ojaxis wevrebis mxridan. amasTan, qali respondentebi ojaxSi Zaladobis bevrad met SemTxvevas miuTiTeben, vidre kaci respondentebi. respondentTa mxolod 5% iyo gei an biseqsuali mamakaci. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier 2016 wels ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa TavSesafrebSi ganxorcielebulma monitoringma aCvena, rom TavSesafris personals ara aqvs Sesabamisi codna da gamocdileba lgbti msxverplTan urTierTobisas da maTi cnobierebis amaRlebisken mimarTuli treningebi ZiriTadad tardeba ojaxSi Zaladobisa da trefikingis mimarTulebiT.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatSi 2016 wels Semosuli gancxadebebidan mxolod 1 saqme exeboda ojaxSi Zaladobas, romlis mixedviTac arasrulwlovani, seqsualuri orientaciis gamo, mSoblebis mxridan Zaladobas ganicdida. socialuri dacvis samsaxurma arasrulwlovani ojaxidan gamoiyvana da mindobiT aRzrdaSi ganaTavsa.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier Seswavlil araerT saqmeSi lgbti Temis warmomadgenlebi policielebis mxridan savaraudo gadacdomis Cadenis faqtebze saubroben. rig saqmeebSi miTiTebulia, policielebis mxridan damamcirebeli mopyrobis, homofobiuri damokidebulebis, sityvieri da fizikuri Seuracxyofis, gulgrilobis faqtebis Sesaxeb. gancxadebebSi, sadac policiis warmomadgenlebis mxridan samsaxureobrivi uflebamosilebis gadametebis faqtebis Sesaxeb iyo miTiTebuli, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier Semdgomi reagirebis ganxorcieleba eTxova saqarTvelos prokuraturas. am etapze, mimdinareobs gamoZieba SesaZlo danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamosavlenad.
lgbti Temis warmomadgenlebi, zogierT gancxadebaSi aseve uTiTeben maTi administraciuli dakavebisas Cadenil, savaraudo, gadacdomebze, kerZod, ganmcxadeblebi aRniSnaven, rom rig SemTxvevebSi, dakavebisas maT ar ganemartebodaT dakavebis safuZveli, ar eZleodaT advokatTan dakavSirebis SesaZlebloba da sxva. unda aRiniSnos, is SemTxvevebic, rodesac lgbti Temis warmomadgenelebi administraciuli wesiT daakaves, Tumca maT mimarT administraciuli samarTalwarmoeba Sewyda
93 deklaracia seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis (sogi) safuZvelze diskriminaciis aRmofxvrisa da lgbti pirTa uflebrivi Tanasworobis miRwevis Sesaxeb, 2016.
94 lgbt pirTa kvleva evropaSi, 2014, ZiriTadi mignebebi, gv.64
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba50
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis ararsebobis gamo.
sasamarTlos mier administraciul samarTaldarRvevis araerT saqmeze sasamarTlos mier saqmiswarmoebis Sewyveta mianiSnebs, rom saWiroa policielebis unar-Cvevebis amaRleba administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis identificirebisa da samarTaldarRvevis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebebis mopovebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan, maT unda esmodeT rom administraciuli dakavebis uflebamosileba dausabuTeblad da TviTneburad ar unda iyos gamoyenebuli.
sazogadoebaSi arsebuli ganwyobiT waxalisebulia lgbti Temis mimarT Zaladobis Cadena. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba cnobierebis amaRlebis mimarTulebiT nabijebis gadadgmas, amasTanave diskriminaciis motiviT lgbti Temis mimarT Cadenili danaSaulebis droul da angariSvaldebul gamoZiebas da damnaSave pirisTvis kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas, ramac SesaZloa, garkveulwilad, moaxdinos danaSaulis prevencia. samarTaldamcavi uwyebis warmomadgenelebis mxridan ganxorcielebul darRvevebze reagirebis ganuxorcielebloba axalisebs diskriminaciul saqciels, xolo lgbti Tems akargvinebs ndobas samarTaldamcavi uwyebebis mimarT.
g.t.-s j.c.-s g.u. -s da T.m.-s saqme
ganmcxadebeli aRniSnavda, rom transgender pirebs sityvier Seuracxyofas ayenebda moqalaqe, ris gamoc gamoiZaxes sapatrulo policia. sapatrulo policiam incidentis monawile orive mxaris warmomadgenelebi daakava da maT wvrilmani xulignobis CadenaSi debda brals. ganmcxadebeli g.t uTiTebda, rom dakavebisas ar ganemartaT uflebebi, amasTan policiis mxridan adgili hqonda sityvier da fizikur Seuracxyofas.
g.t. policiis mier xelwerilis safuZvelze iqna gaTavisuflebuli, xolo sasamarTloSi administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis saqmeze warmoeba transgenderi pirebis j.c.-s g.u.-s da T.m.-s mimarT Sewyda (ar dadasturda maTi mxridan samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis faqti).
policielebis mxridan SesaZlo samsaxureobrivi uflebamosilebis gadametebis faqtze mimdinareobs gamoZieba.
transgenderi qalebis dakavebis saqme
gancxadebis Tanaxmad, 2016 wlis 25 ivniss, Ramis saaTebSi gmirTa moednis mimdebare teritoriaze, transgender qals Tavs daesxnen, ris Sedegadac man sxeulis dazianeba miiRo. kerZod, Tavdamsxmelma mas marjvena mklavze Wrilobebi lursmniani joxiT miayena.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 51
gavrcelebuli informaciiT, dazaralebulma sapatrulo policia gamoiZaxa, Tumca samarTaldamcavebs arc damnaSavis dakaveba ucdiaT da arc sxva saxis reagireba ganuxorcielebiaT. aRniSnuli faqtis gasaprotesteblad danaSaulis adgilas Sekrebilma transgenderma qalebma xelaxla gamoiZaxes ekipaJi da moiTxovdnen maTgan danaSaulze reagirebas. meore gamoZaxebaze gamocxadebulma ekipaJma transgenderi qalebis protesti samarTaldarRvevad CaTvala, oTxi maTgani daakava da Sesabamis ganyofilebaSi gadaiyvana. policia dakavebulebs 166-e (wvrilmani xulignoba) da 173-e (samarTaldamcavi organos muSakis kanonieri gankargulebisadmi an moTxovnisadmi daumorCilebloba) muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul samarTaldarRvevas edaveboda. sasamarTlos mier saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 2 piris mimarT (ar dadasturda samarTaldarRvevis Cadena), xolo danarCeni pirebis mimarT sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ucnobia. (savaraudod, maT mimarTac Sewyda warmoeba; informaciis gamoTxovisas policias ar hqonda aRniSnuli informacia).
saqmeze gamoZieba mimdinareobs, rogorc transgenderi qalis cemis, ise policiebis mxridan ganxorcielebul, SesaZlo samsaxureobrivi uflebamosilebis gadametebis faqtze.
z. S.-s saqme
gancxadebis Tanaxmad, 2016 wlis 14 oqtombers transgender pirs Tavs daesxnen homofobiur niadagze da mravlobiTi dazianebebi miayenes. mowodebuli informaciiT, dazianebebi dazaralebuls civi iaraRiT da blagvi sagniT aqvs miyenebuli. z. S. miyenebuli dazianebebis Sedegad gardaicvala. prokuraturis mier mowodebuli informaciiT aqtiurad mimdinareobda sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi siZulvilis motivis gamosakveTad, Tumca aRniSnuli, gamoZiebis mocemul etapze ar gamovlinda da grZeldeba gamoZiebis procesi.
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba52
rekomendaciebi
saqarTvelos mTavrobas:
• xeli Seewyos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis doneze genderuli meinstrimingis ganxorcielebas, saministroebSi specialuri struqturuli erTeulebis Seqmnis anda genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli pirebis gansazRvra/damtkicebiT
• samTavrobo uwyebebSi xeli Seewyos genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze Sida instituciuri politikis dokumentebis (strategia, samoqmedo gegma, koncefcia) Seqmnasa da ganxorcielebas
• iwarmoos da gaanalizdes dasaqmebulTa genderuli niSniT segregirebuli statistika qalTa Tanamdebobrivi dawinaurebis xelSemSleli barierebis gamosavlenad da aRmosafxvrelad
• genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze arsebul samoqmedo gegmebsa da strategiebSi ganisazRvros uflebadamcveli qalebis uflebrivi mdgomareobis dacvis RonisZiebebi, maT Soris gaeros generaluri asambleis A/RES/53/144 rezoluciis ganxorcielebis sakiTxebi
• ganaxldes qalTa SromiTi uflebebis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTul cvlilebebze muSaoba da Seiqmnas sakanonmdeblo garantiebi, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba specifikurad qali dasaqmebulebis genderuli Cagvris winaaRmdeg
• daiwyos Sesabamisi procedurebi Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis 183-e dedobis dacvis konvenciis xelmowerisa da Semdgomi ratificirebis mizniT
• ganisazRvros mravalSviliani mSoblis definicia da ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis inicireba
• pasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo uwyebebis mier ganxorcieldes qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb srulyofili, detaluri statistikis warmoeba da misi analizi, maT Soris, Segrovdes qalTa mkvlelobebis da TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanis SemTxvevebis statistikuri monacemebi da gaanalizdes faqtis irgvliv arsebuli saWiro monacemebi
• qalis genitaliebis dasaxiCrebis praqtikasTan dakavSirebiT, droulad ganxorcieldes uwyebaTaSorisi samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba
• samTavrobo strategiebsa da samoqmedo gegmebSi srulyofilad asaxos Sesabamisi uwyebebis mier gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis safuZvelze Zaladobis dasaZlevad da xeli Seewyos mis ganxorcielebas
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 53
saqarTvelos parlaments:
• gaTvaliswinebul iqnes qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris komitetis da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb specialuri momxseneblis rekomendaciebi savaldebulo kvotirebis meqanizmis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT
• ganisazRvros seqsualuri Seviwroebis definicia da SemuSavdes adekvaturi sanqciebis sistema
• gaZlierdes genderuli Tanasworobis saparlamento sabWos saqmianoba, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebis asaxvisa da saerTaSoriso standartebis/rekomendaciebis efeqtiani ganxorcielebis mimarTulebiT
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs:
• gaZlierdes genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli pirebis uflebamosileba, saqmianobis areali da resursebi; xeli Seewyos sakrebulos doneze genderuli Tanasworobis sabWoebis Seqmnasa da mdgradobas
• iwarmoos da gaanalizdes dasaqmebulTa genderuli niSniT segregirebuli statistika qalTa Tanamdebobrivi dawinaurebis xelSemSleli barierebis gamosavlenad da aRmosafxvrelad
• adgilobrivi biujetis Sedgenisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqces genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebis integrirebas da qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli miznobrivi programebis ganxorcielebas, maT Soris, martoxela mSoblebisTvis, mravalSviliani ojaxebisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis
• uzrunvelyofil iqnas soflis ganviTarebis programebisa Tu TemisaTvis prioritetuli proeqtebis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebisa da Sefasebis yvela etapze qalTa CarTuloba da monawileoba
saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis
saministros:
• gaZlierdes qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli iniciativebis integrireba adgilobrivi municipalitetebis ganviTarebaze orientirebul proeqtebSi
• xeli Seewyos adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs Soris genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebze arsebuli kargi praqtikebis gaziarebas da erTiani midgomebis damkvidrebas
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba54
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros:
• uflebadamcveli qalebis mimarT arsebuli SesaZlo uflebadarRvevis SemTxvevaSi Camoyalibdes mgrZnobiare midgoma da gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas maTi safrTxis realuri aRqma, saqmianobidan gamomdinare, arsebul momatebul riskTan erTad
• saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriul organoebSi uzrunvelyos TanamSromlebis gadamzadeba. kerZod, uzrunvelyos trefikingTan, ojaxSi ZaladobasTan, adreul qorwinebasTan, qalTa genitaliebis dasaxiCrebasTan, seqsualur orientaciasTan, genderul identobasTan da sqesobriv maxasiaTebelTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis CarTva policiis TanamSromelTa saswavlo gegmaSi
• Seiqmnas specializebuli struqturuli erTeuli, romelic uSualod iqneba pasuxismgebeli genderuli niSniT Cadenil da ojaxSi Zaladobis danaSaulebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze
• monitoringi gaewios ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevis dros Sinagan saqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebis mier kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis ganuxrel Sesrulebas
• daixvewos Semakavebeli orderis oqmSi informaciis Sevsebis standarti
• xeli Seewyos dacvis RonisZiebebis, maT Soris ganridebis meqanizmis, efeqtian gamoyenebas, amasTan ganxorcieldes reagirebis Semdgomi monitoringi
• gaumjobesdes qalTa mimarT Zaladobis da ojaxSi Zaladobis statistikuri monacemebis analizi, kerZod, gaanalizdes ssip 112–is samsaxurSi SesaZlo ojaxSi Zaladobis da ojaxuri konfliqtis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobinebebi, damcavi RonisZiebebi, Zaladobis sxva SemTxvevebi
• gaZlierdes koordinacia ssip socialuri momsaxurebis saagentosTan ojaxSi Zaladobis da adreul asakSi qorwinebis saqmeTa Seswavlisas
• uzrunvelyos adreul asakSi qorwinebis SemTxvevebze reagirebis saxelmZRvanelo principebis SemuSaveba da ubnis inspeqtoris rolis gaZliereba adreul asakSi qorwinebis da adreul asakSi niSnobis yvela SemTxvevaze, moxdes mSoblebis mxridan ganxorcielebuli ojaxSi SesaZlo Zaladobis - ugulebelyofis saqmis Seswavla
• iTanamSromlos lgbti organizaciebTan da aRniSnul Temaze momuSave sxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan Tu sainiciativo jgufebTan, gamocdilebis gaziarebis, danaSaulTa prevenciisa da samarTaldamcavi sistemis mimarT ndobis gaZlierebis xelSewyobis mizniT
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 55
saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros
• dainergos transgenderi pirebisTvis saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo dawesebulebebis mier gacemul yvela ZiriTad dokumentSi, maTi genderuli identobis asaxvis swrafi, gamWvirvale da xelmisawvdomi procedura. mniSvnelovania, rom miTiTebuli procedura mkafiod iyos gamijnuli samedicino tranzaqciis procesisgan
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
saministros:
• daCqardes orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo SvebulebiT sargeblobisa da Tanmdevi gasacemlis miRebis wesis damtkiceba, raTa gamoiricxos sqesis niSniT diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi
• dainergos martoxela da mravalSviliani mSoblebis daxmarebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris, moxdes socialuri SeRavaTebis arsebul sistemaSi gaTvaliswineba, ganxorcieldes martoxela da mravalSviliani dedebis Sesaxeb srulyofili statistikuri informaciis Seqmna da gaanalizeba
• umokles vadaSi ganxorcieldes konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebuli qalebisa da gogonebisTvis fsiqo-socialuri servisebiT uzrunvelyofa
• daigegmos da ganxorcieldes mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebis RonisZiebebi reproduqciul da sqesobriv janmrTelobasa da uflebebze, xeli Seewyos mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebas kontraceptivebis gamoyenebisa da ojaxis dagegmvis servisebze, maT Soris soflis ambulatoriebis aqtiuri CarTulobiT
• daigegmos da ganxorcieldes genderuli niSniT sqesis seleqciis prevenciuli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris sainformacio–saganmanaTleblo Sexvedrebi saqarTvelos regionebSi
• srulyofilad iqnes Seswavlili adreul asakSi qorwinebis faqtebi da ganxorcieldes kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli reagireba, maT Soris, adreul asakSi qorwinebis da niSnobis faqtis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi gaimarTos msjeloba mSoblis pasuxismgeblobis, bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis sakiTxze,
• bavSvis daniSnvnis SemTxvevaSi, ojaxs gaewios konsultireba niSnobis da adreul asakSi qorwinebis uaryofiTi aspeqtebis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofil iqnes saqmeSi fsiqologis CarTuloba, raTa gamoiricxos SemdgomSi iZulebiTi qorwineba
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba56
• daareguliros samedicino tranzaqciis procesi ise, rom transgender da interseqs adamianebs hqondeT efeqtiani xelmisawvdomoba sayovelTaod aRiarebuli standartebis Sesabamis samedicino momsaxurebaze da am procesTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi anazRaurdes sazogadoebrivi jandacvis sadazRvevo polisebis farglebSi
• miiRos da danergos saerTaSoriso klinikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romelic orientirebuli iqneba transgender, transseqsual, interseqs da genderulad arakonformul adamianTa saWiroebebze, uzrunvelyos maTi xelmisawvdomoba xarisxian jandacvaze
• uzrunvelyofil iqnes, saqmeTa raodenobis Sesabamisad, socialuri muSakebis resursis gazrda, maTi gadamzadeba genderul da seqsualur ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT da maTTvis Sesabamisi samuSao pirobebis gaumjobeseba
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros:
• droulad ganxorcieldes zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi samoqalaqo Tavdacvis swavleba
• dainergos skolis moswavleTaTvis reproduqciuli da sqesobrivi janmrTelobisa da uflebebis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis swavleba, moewyos saseminaro swavlebebi skolis moswavleTaTvis reproduqciuli da sqesobrivi janmrTelobis sakiTxebze adgilobriv samedicino dawesebulebebTan TanamSromlobiT
• uzrunvelyos maswavlebelTa cnobierebis amaRleba adreul asakSi qorwinebis da adreul asakSi niSnobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT arsebul valdebulebebze da reagirebis proceduris savaldebulo Sesrulebaze
• monitoringi gaewios bavSvTa mier skolis mitovebis mizezebis aRricxvis sistemis warmoebas, gansakuTrebiT eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi, sadac ikveTeba msgavsi SemTxvevebis aRricxvianobis xarvezebi
• socialur samsaxurTan TanamSromlobiT gaaqtiurdes muSaoba im arasrulwlovnebis saswavlo procesSi xelaxla CasarTavad, romlebmac swavla adreul asakSi qorwinebis an niSnobis gamo Sewyvites
saqarTvelos prokuraturas:
• miRebul iqnas prevenciuli zomebi femicidis, qorwinebis iZulebisa da arasrulwlovanTan sqesobrivi kavSiris Semcirebis/
qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareoba da genderuli Tanasworoba 57
Tavidan acilebis mizniT, amasTan, ganxorcieldes efeqtiani reagireba yvela momxdar SemTxvevaze
• Seqmnas regularuli samuSao formatebi lgbti organizaciebTan da aRniSnul Tematikaze momuSave sxva jgufebTan Tu organizaciebTan danaSaulTa efeqtiani prevenciisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis mimarT ndobis gaZlierebis mizniT
• xeli Seewyos statistikis warmoebas, analizs da Tematuri kvlevebis ganxorcielebas qalTa mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa,
dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fonds:
• moxdes beneficiarTa da maTze damokidebul pirTa janmrTelobis sruli Semowmeba TavSesafarSi miRebisTanave, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli daavadebaTa Semdgomi gavrceleba da amasTan, uzrunvelyofili iyos drouli mkurnaloba
• daixvewos TavSesafris fizikuri garemo SSm pirTa momsaxurebisTvis, adaptirdes Senobebi, raTa maqsimalurad iyos miaxloebuli savaldebulo standartebs
• uzrunvelyofil iqnas TavSesafris adgilmdebareobis imgvarad SerCeva, rom SesaZlebeli iyos TavSesafriT mosargeble pirTa konfidencialobis, piradi sivrcisa da usafrTxoebis dacva
• gadaixedos TavSesafrebis fsiqo-socialuri reabilitaciisa da saganmanaTleblo programebi, meti dro da resursi daeTmos sareabilitacio programebisa da aqtivobebis dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebas, aRniSnuli programebi gaxdes metad inkluziuri
• uzrunvelyos saxelmwifo TavSesafrebSi dasaqmebuli personalis adekvaturi gadamzadeba genderuli da seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplTa daxmarebisa da gaZlierebis, seqsualuri orientaciis, genderuli identobisa da sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb
sazogadoebriv mauwyebels
• gaazrebul iqnes qalTa uflebebisa da genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebis mniSvneloba da gadacemebis dagegmvisas Tavidan iqnas acilebuli seqsisturi da diskriminaciuli Sinaarsis Semcveli konteqsti.
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