Post on 11-Feb-2022
›˘–ö˛$–ÈΔÊˇÖ 30 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2017BÖ{´ßÊ˛gZ≈Ü10 Á‹tyÓ˛
ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ AÖô˲-ΔÊˇYô˲ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ô˲ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲Õ≤ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ÁflZÖ‘ÈQ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝-›˘¢Ö®. AßÛ˛-–ö˛*-®-«V> ‘Ë˝{ô˲$ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ Ø˲$Ö_ ΔÊˇÑϸÖ^Û˛ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲Õ≤ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ ‘ÈQ Á≥ΔÊˇ≈-–Û˛-Ñϸ-›˘¢Ö®. øÍΔÊˇô˲ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ßÊ˛‚ÍÕ≤ {Á≥´ßë-Ø˲ÖV> –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ øÍV>-À$V> —øÊ˝-hÖ-^ÈΔÊˇ$. A—...● Á≥ßë-Ü-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö ● –ÈƒÊ˝$$-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö ● Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö
"{ºsÏ˝ãŸ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ B»√' ı≥ΔÊˇ$ô¯ 1895ÃZ Á≥ßëÜßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö HΔ>µsÒ˝OÖ®. ›Î”ô˲Ö{ôÈ≈Ø˲Öô˲ΔÊˇÖ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ B»√V>
ΔÊˇ*¥ÎÖô˲ΔÊˇÖ ^˛Ö®Ö®. 12 ÀÑʸÀ20 –Û˛À –ö˛$Ö® Ú‹O∞-Mʸ$-ÀMʸ$ô¯yÊ˛$V> –ö˛$Δ¯ 10 ÀÑʸÀ –ö˛$Ö®Ú‹O∞-Mʸ$-Àô¯ «fΔ䡔 ∏˘Δäˇfi ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-›˘¢Ö®. C® Á‹ÖRÍ≈-Á≥-ΔÊˇÖV>{Á≥Á≥Ö-^˲ÖÃZ –ö˛$*y¯ AÜ Ú≥ßÊ˛™Á≥ßëÜ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö. {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö ºÌ≥Øå˛Δ>–ö˛-ô¨˛ Á≥ßëÜ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ A´®-Á≥-ÜV>
ı‹Ø˲-ÀMʸ$ ®‘È ∞ΔÛˇ™‘Ë˝Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢-ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. D ı‹Ø˲À$ øÍΔÊˇ-ô¨˛-Ø˲$ ‘Ë˝{ô˲$ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀØ˲$Ö_ M>¥Î-yÊ˛-r–Û˛$ M>Mʸ$Öyë Aô˲≈-–ö˛-Á‹ΔÊˇ Á≥«-Ì‹¶-ô˲$ÃZœ AÖô˲-ΔÊˇYô˲ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛-ô˲-ÃZØ˲* ¥ÎÀ$-Á≥Ö-^˲$-Mʸ$Ö-sÍΔˇ$$. {Á≥MʸñÜ —Á≥-ô˲$¢À Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$Ö-ÃZØ˲* ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®Ö-^˲-yÊ˛ÖÃZ MÓ¸ÀMʸ ¥Î{ô˲ ¥˘ÌŸ-Á‹$¢-ØÈ≤Δˇ$$.
øÍΔÊˇô˲ ßÛ˛‘È∞Mϸ 7516 Mϸ.“$.°ΔÊˇ ΔÛˇQ EÖ®. °ΔÊˇÖô¯ ¥Îr$Á‹–ö˛$${ßÊ˛ –È◊Ï˝gÍ≈∞Mϸ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝MʸյÖ^˲yÊ˛ÖÃZ Ø˙M> ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö MÓ¸ÀMʸ¥Î{ô˲ ¥˘ÌŸ-›˘¢Ö®. –ö˛ΔÊˇ-ßÊ˛À$,ô˲$¥Î-Ø˲$À$, Á‹$ØÈ“$ –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ —Á≥-ô˲$¢À Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$Ö-ÃZØ˲* ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-›˘¢Ö®. D ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ÖÃZ 67 –Û˛À
–ö˛$Ö® Ú‹OØ˲≈Ö EÖ®. {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö AyÏ˛√-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Á‹$±Ãå˝ ÃÍÖªÍ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛-‚Í-´®-Á≥-ÜV> ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-Á‹$¢-ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.
{ºsÏ˝ãŸ ¥ÎÀØ˲ M>ÀÖÃZ 1932ÃZ Δ>ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ GΔˇ$$Δäˇ∏˘Δäˇfiı≥ΔÊˇ$ô¯ HΔ>µsÒ˝OÖ®. ›Î”ô˲Ö{ôÈ≈ØË˛Ö ô˲ΔÊˇÖ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ GΔˇ$$Δäˇ∏˘ΔäˇfiV>ΔÊˇ*¥ÎÖ-ô˲ΔÊˇÖ ^˛Ö®Ö®. ÀÑ>- 40 –Û˛À –ö˛$Ö® Ú‹O∞-Mʸ$À$, 1700Ú≥OV>
GΔˇ$$-Δäˇ-{M>ã-út-Àô¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö-^˲ÖÃZØÈÀ$V¯ AÜ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ –ÈƒÊ˝$$-ßÊ˛-‚Ê˝ÖV>A–ö˛-ô˲-«Ö-_Ö®. ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖ –˛$$ßÊ˛À$, ¥ÎMϸ-›Î¶Øå˛,^˛OØÈô¯ ƒÊ˝$$ßëÆÀ$, ∫ÖV>œ —–ö˛$$Mϸ¢¥˘Δ>rÖ Á‹‡ AØÛ˛Mʸ BÁ≥-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø˲œô¯MÓ¸ÀMʸ ¥Î{ô˲ ¥˘ÌŸÖ-_Ö®. IΔ>Á‹‘ÈÖÜ Á≥«-ΔÊˇ-ÑʸMʸ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö-ÃZØ˲*
¥ÎÀ$-Á≥Ö-^˲$-Mʸ$Ö-sZÖ®. ô˲Ñʸ◊˝ {Á≥Ü-Á‹µÖ-ßÊ˛Ø˲ M¯Á‹Ö 2010ÃZ yÏ˛h-rÃå˝CØ˲π-ΔÛˇ√-ÁŸØå˛ {Wyä˛ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. C® Mʸ–ö˛*Öyä˛ MʸÖ{sZ-Ãå˝ô¯ Á‹–ö˛$-Ø˲”-ƒÊ˝*∞≤ Ú≥Ö^˲$-ô¯Ö®. {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö –ÈƒÊ˝$$-ı‹Ø˲ A´®-Á≥-ÜV> ºΔÛˇÖ-ßÊ˛-Δäˇ-Ì‹ÖV临ßÊ˛Ø¯–È ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-Á‹$¢-ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.
¥ÎΔ>—$Àr» ßÊ˛‚ÍÀMʸ$ H ^˲rtÖÃZØ˲* ∞ΔÊˇ”^˲ØË˛Ö ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$.CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ B»√Mϸ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö AÖ®Ö^Û˛ÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ —$Àr» A´®M>«ØÛ˛ô˲ñô˲”ÖÃZ Á≥∞-^Û˛ı‹ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ßÊ˛‚Í-ÀØÛ˛ ¥ÎΔ>-—$-À-r-»V> 2011ÃZøÍΔÊˇô˲ {Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲”Ö ∞ΔÊˇ”-_Ö-_Ö®. CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ Á≥À$ —øÍ-V>-À$-ØÈ≤Δˇ$$. 1. A›˘Ö ΔˇOÌúÃå˝fi: C® 1835ÃZ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. –˛$$rt-–˛$$-ßÊ˛sÏ˝ ¥ÎΔ>-—$-À-
r» ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ÖV> ı≥ΔˆÖ-®Ö®. D‘ÈØ˲≈ Δ>{⁄Ît-ÃZœMϸ B{Mʸ–ö˛$ ^ˆΔÊˇ-ªÍ-rœØ˲$∞ƒÊ˝$Ö-{ÜÖ-^˲yÊ˛Ö, Á‹«-Áfl˝ßÊ˛$™ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ô˲ ©∞ {Á≥´ßëØ˲ —´ßÊ˛$À$. 2002Ø˲$Ö_ øÍΔÊˇ-ô¨˛ & –ö˛$ƒÊ˝$-ØÈ√Δäˇ Á‹«-Áfl˝-ßÊ˛$™ÃZœ ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-›˘¢Ö®.
2. {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ Á‹«-Áfl˝ßÊ˛$™ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö(-Gã-‹-Gã-ú-Gãú): ›Î”ô˲Ö-{ôÈ≈-Ø˲Ö-ô˲ΔÊˇÖ HΔÊˇµ-yÏ˛Ø˲ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ô˲ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö C®. V¸«ÃÍœ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ-ô˲Ö{ôË˛Ö ©∞ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈-Mʸô˲.øÍΔÊˇ-ô¨˛&-^˛O-ØÈ Á‹«-Áfl˝-ßÊ˛$™ÃZœ ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-›˘¢Ö®. øÍΔÊˇô˲ ∞Áú* —øÍ-Vʸ-–˛$OØ˲ "Δ>' Á≥ΔÊˇ≈-–Û˛-Ñʸ-◊˝ÃZ Á≥∞-^Û˛-Á‹$¢Ö®. D —øÍVÊ¸Ö M>ΔÊˇ≈-Mʸ-ÃÍ-¥ÎÕ≤GÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-Mʸ-Á≥#µyÊ˛$ {Á≥´ßë-∞Mϸ «¥˘Δäˇt ^Û˛›Î¢ΔÊˇ$.
3. CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ M¯ã‹t V>Δäˇz: Á‹–ö˛$${ßÊ˛ –È◊Ï˝-gÍ≈-∞Mϸ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ MʸյÖ-^Û˛Ö-ßÊ˛$Mʸ$1978ÃZ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. {¥ÎßÛ˛-’Mʸ fÃÍ-Àô¯ ¥Îr$ AÖô˲-Δ>j-°ƒÊ˝$fÃÍÀ Á≥«-´®-ÃZØ˲* C® ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-›˘¢Ö®. ØÈ—-M>-ßÊ˛-‚Ê˝Öô¯ ¥Îr$
MʸÁ‹t–í˛$fi, ÌúÁŸ», MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛, Δ>{ÁŸt ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ∫À-V>-Àô¯ Á‹–ö˛$-Ø˲”ƒÊ˝$Ö ^Û˛Á‹$-Mʸ$Ör* –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ ›ÎVʸ$-ô¯Ö®.
MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ∫À-V>Õ≤ Mʸ*yë Vʸô˲ÖÃZ ¥ÎΔ>-—$-À-r-»-V>ØÛ˛ Á≥«-Vʸ-◊Ï˝Ö-^Û˛-–ÈΔÊˇ$. 2011ÃZ ÁflZÖ‘ÈQ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ∫À-V>À$ AØÛ˛ı≥ΔÊˇ$Ø˲$ –ÈyÊ˛$-Mʸ-ÃZMϸ °Á‹$-Mˆ-_aÖ®. “sÏ˝Mϸ IÌ≥-Gã‹ A´®-M>-ΔÊˇ$À$ØÛ˛ô˲ñô˲”Ö –ö˛Ìfl˝-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. A›˘Ö ΔˇOÌú-Ãå˝fiMʸ$ –ö˛*{ôË˛Ö Ú‹O∞-M>-´®-M>ΔÛˇ A´®-Á≥-ÜV> EÖsÍΔÊˇ$. Ì‹G-Ì≥-Gã-úÃZ –˛$$ô˲¢Ö HyÊ˛$ —øÍ-V>À$ EÖyÊ˛V> JM¯P—øÍVÊ¸Ö JM¯P {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲Ø˲$ ∞ΔÊˇ”-«¢-Á‹$¢Ö®.
1965 ^˛OØÈ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖ ØÛ˛Á≥-£Ê˛≈ÖÃZ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. ©∞ Á≥«-¥Î-ÀØ˲ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲À$ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ÁflZÖ‘ÈQ^˲*Á‹$¢Ö®. ºGã-‹-Gãú Á‹«-Áfl˝ßÊ˛$™Vʸԋ¢ÃZ MÓ¸ÀMʸ ¥Î{ô˲ ¥˘ÌŸ-›˘¢Ö®.øÍΔÊˇô˲ Á‹«-Áfl˝-ßÊ˛$™Õ≤ M>¥ÎyÛ˛ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ V¯yÊ˛V> ı≥ΔÊˇ$-¥˜Ö-®Ö®.
MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ AßÊ˛-Ø˲Á≥# ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ∫À-V>À ^˲rtÖ&1949 ßë”Δ> HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. 1965 –ö˛ΔÊˇMʸ* øÍΔÊˇ-ô¨˛&-¥Î-Mϸ-›Î¶-Øå˛ Á‹«-Áfl˝-ßÊ˛$™ÃZœ ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®Ö-_Ö®. {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö Ø˲Mʸfi-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ ∞ΔÊˇ*√-ÀØ˲ Ì‹B-Δäˇ-Ì≥-Gãú {Á≥´ßëØ˲ MʸΔÊˇ¢–ö˛≈Ö.Aô˲≈-–ö˛-Á‹ΔÊˇ Á‹ÖßÊ˛-Δ>¬ÃZœ Δ>{⁄ÎtÀ$,MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛-¥Î-Õô˲ {¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ ‘ÈÖÜ-øÊ˝-{ßÊ˛-ô˲Õ≤ AßÊ˛$Á≥# ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-yÊ˛Ö-ÃZØ˲* D ∫À-V>À$ ¥ÎÀ$-Á≥Ö-^˲$-MˆÖ-sÍΔˇ$$.IΔ>Á‹ ‘ÈÖÜ-ΔÊˇ-ÑʸMʸ ßÊ˛‚Í-∞Mϸ Mʸ*yë ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®Ö-^˲yÊ˛Ö Mʸ*yë Ì‹B-Δäˇ-Ì≥-GãúªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲À gͺ-ôÈÃZ EÖ®.
{Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲” ΔÊˇÖVʸ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶-ÀMʸ$ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝AÖ®Ö^Û˛ ÀÑʸ≈Öô¯ 1969ÃZ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®.{Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö A◊˝$-‘Ë˝Mϸ¢ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À$, AÖô˲-«Ñʸ—øÍVʸÖ, —–ö˛*-ØÈ-{‘Ë˝-ƒÊ˝*À$, Ø˙M>-{‘Ë˝-ƒÊ˝*À$,{Á≥´ßë-Ø˲-–˛$OØ˲ {Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲” M>Δ>≈-À-ƒÊ˝*À$,Aô˲≈Öô˲ {¥Î–ö˛$$-Q≈ô˲ MʸÕ-WØ˲ ^È«-{ô˲Mʸ Mʸrt-yë-ÀMʸ$ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ MʸյÖ-^˲-yÊ˛ÖÃZ D ∫À-V>À$ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®-Á‹$¢-ØÈ≤Δˇ$$.
^˛OØÈ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖ AØ˲Ö-ô˲ΔÊˇÖ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. sÏ˝ªÒ˝så˝, ^˛OØÈô¯ øÍΔÊˇ-ô¨˛ Á‹«-Áfl˝-ßÊ˛$™-ÃZ-∞ Á≥ΔÊˇ”ô˲ {¥ÎÖ ôÈÃZœ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲Õ≤ ∞ΔÊˇ”-«¢-Á‹$¢Ö®. Á‹«-Áfl˝-ßÊ˛$™À –˛Ör A{Mʸ–ö˛$ ^ˆΔÊˇ-ªÍr$œ, Á‹√WœÖ-Vä¸Ø˲$ ∞–È-«-Á‹$¢Ö®. IΔ>Á‹ ‘ÈÖÜÁ≥«-ΔÊˇ-ÑʸMʸ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö ô˲ΔÊˇ-Á≥#Ø˲ ——´ßÊ˛ ßÛ˛‘È-ÃZœØ˲* ı‹–ö˛-ÀÖ-®Ö-_Ø˲ Áú$Ø˲ô˲ IsÏ˝-º-Ì≥Mϸ ßÊ˛MϸPÖ®.
–ö˛*i {Á≥´ßë∞ CÖ®-Δ>-V>Ö´© Áfl˝ô˲≈ AØ˲Ö-ô˲ΔÊˇÖ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ AÖô˲-ΔÊˇYô˲ AÜ-–ÈßÊ˛, °{–ö˛-–ÈßÊ˛ M>ΔÊˇ≈-Mʸ-ÃÍ-¥ÎÕ≤ ∞ΔÊˇ*√-ÕÖ-^Û˛Ö-ßÊ˛$Mʸ$ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OØ˲ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶.CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ Á≥∞-^Û˛ı‹ –È«Mϸ Aô˲≈Öô˲ MϸœÁŸt Á≥«-Ì‹¶-ô˲$Õ≤ GßÊ˛$-ΔˆPØÛ˛ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ’Ñʸ◊˝ C›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. 26/11 –ö˛$$ÖªÒ˝O ßëyÊ˛$À Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ –ö˛$$ÁŸP-ΔÊˇ$-ÀØ˲$–ö˛$r$t-ªÒ˝-rt-yÊ˛ÖÃZ GØå˛-Gã-‹h MÓ¸À-Mʸ-¥Î{ô˲¥˘ÌŸÖ-_Ö®.
ØÛ˛¥ÎÃå˝, ∫*sÍ-Øå˛ô¯ Á‹«-Áfl˝ßÊ˛$™ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ô˲ÃZœ Á‹‘Ë˝{Á‹¢ Ô‹–ö˛*-∫Ãå˝ ¥ÎÀ$-Á≥Ö-^˲$-Mʸ$Ö-sZÖ®. 1963ÃZ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. A{Mʸ-–ö˛$-^ˆ-ΔÊˇ-ªÍr$œ, Á‹√WœÖ-Vä¸Ø˲$ ∞ƒÊ˝$-{Ü-Á‹$¢Ö®. G∞≤-MʸÀ Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ ¥˘ÕÖVä¸ ∫*ô¨˛-À –ö˛ßÊ˛™øÊ˝{ßÊ˛-ô˲Mʸ$ Mʸ*yë Gã‹-Gã-‹-º∞ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-W-Á‹$¢-ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.
Á‹‘Ë˝Á‹à Ô‹–ö˛*∫Ãå˝ (Gã‹G㋺)
ØÛ˛ÁŸØ˲Ãå˝ Ú‹Mʸ*≈«sÓ˝ V>Δäˇz (GØå˛Gã‹h)
CÖy¯ sÏ˝ªÒ˝rØå˛ ªZΔäˇz ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ (IsÏ˝ºÌ≥)
MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ¥Î«{‘È—$Mʸ ΔÊˇÑʸMʸ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö (Ì‹IGã‹Gãú)
MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ AßÊ˛Ø˲Á≥# ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ∫ÀV>À$ (Ì‹BΔäˇÌ≥Gãú)
Á‹«Áfl˝ßÊ˛$™ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ô˲ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö (ºGã‹Gãú)
MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ∫ÀV>À$ (Ì‹GÌ≥Gãú)
¥ÎΔ> —$Àr» ßÊ˛‚ÍÀ$
–ÈƒÊ˝$$ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö (GΔˇ$$Δäˇ∏˘Δäˇfi)
Ø˙M> ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö (ØÛ˛“)
Á≥ßëÜ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö (CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ B»√)fØ˲ΔÊˇ
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–ö˛$Àœ–ö˛ΔÊˇÁ≥# ªÍÀ-À-ô˲2016 Ì‹—Ãå˝fi Δ>≈ÖMʸ-Δäˇ
›˘–ö˛$–ÈΔÊˇÖ 30 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2017 BÖ{´ßÊ˛gZ≈Ü 11Á‹tyÓ˛
i–ö˛#À$, –ÈsÏ˝ Á≥«Á‹Δ>ÀMʸ$ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EØ˲≤ Á‹Ö∫Ö´ßë∞≤A´ßÊ˛≈ƒÊ˝$ØË˛Ö ^Û˛ı‹ ‘È{›Î¢∞≤ "B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝‘È{Á‹¢Ö' ÃÙ˝ßë"Á≥Δ>≈–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ ‘È{Á‹¢Ö' AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝‘È{Á‹¢Ö AØÛ˛Á≥ßë∞≤ –˛$$rt–˛$$ßÊ˛r EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ_Ö® Úfl˝M¸Ãå˝.B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝‘È{Á‹¢ ∞Δ>√◊Íô˲√Mʸ {Á≥–ö˛*◊˝Ö B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶.B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ AØÛ˛ Á≥ßë∞≤ sÍØå˛fiÃÙ˝ AØÛ˛ ‘È{Á‹¢–Û˛ô˲¢–˛$$rt–˛$$ßÊ˛r EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^ÈyÊ˛$.
B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ & ΔÊˇM>À$B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>À$. A—
1. Á‹Áfl˝f B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ 2. Mʸñ{Ü–ö˛$ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$
AyÊ˛—, Gyë«, Ø˲®, MˆÀØ˲$, Á‹–ö˛$${ßÊ˛Ö –˛$$ßÊ˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø˲—Á‹Áfl˝f B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$. –ö˛*Ø˲–ö˛ ∞«√ô˲ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶-ÀØ˲$ Mʸñ{Ü–ö˛$ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. AMÛ¸”-«ƒÊ˝$Ö, Á≥Ör ¥˜ÃÍÀ$, ô¯rÀ$ –˛$$ßÊ˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø˲— Mʸñ{Ü–ö˛$B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶-ÀMʸ$ Eßë-Áfl˝-ΔÊˇ◊˝.
Á‹Áfl˝f B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶-ÀØ˲$ Ü«W ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>-À$V> —øÊ˝-hÖ-^˲-–ö˛^˲$a. A—1. ØÛ˛ÀÚ≥O EÖyÛ˛ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ 2. ±sÏ˝ÃZ EÖyÛ˛ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$◆ AyÊ˛—, Gyë«, VʸyÏ˛z-øÊ˝*—$, Á≥ΔÊˇ”-ôÈÀ$ ØÛ˛ÀÚ≥O EÖyÛ˛
B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ M>V> Ø˲®, MˆÀØ˲$, Á‹ΔÊˇÁ‹$fi,Á‹–ö˛$${ßÊ˛Ö ±sÏ˝ÃZ EÖyÛ˛ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$.◆ ±sÏ˝ÃZ –ö˛$Ö_-±sÏ˝ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$, EÁ≥#µ-±sÏ˝ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ AØÛ˛ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>À B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$EÖsÍΔˇ$$.
◆ Á‹–ö˛$$-{ßÊ˛ÖÃZ AØÛ˛Mʸ ΔÊˇM>À i–ö˛-Δ>-Á‹$À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$.M>∫sÏ˝t Á‹–ö˛$$-{ßë-ÀØ˲$ øÊ˝*—$Ú≥O EÖyÛ˛ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝–ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶-À$V> øÍ—Ö-^˲-–ö˛^˲$a. ◆ –ö˛$Ö_-±sÏ˝ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶ÃZœ ÃÒ˝ÖsÏ˝Mä¸, ÃZsÏ˝Mä¸ AØÛ˛ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$.◆ –Û˛VʸÖV> {Á≥–ö˛-Ìfl˝Ö^Û˛ ±sÏ˝ÃZ EØ˲≤ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶Ø˲$ÃZsÏ˝Mä¸ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ A∞, Ø˛–ö˛$√-®V> {Á≥–ö˛-Ìfl˝Ö^Û˛±ΔÊˇ$ ÃÙ˝ßë ∞À-MʸyÊ˛ ±sÏ˝ÃZ EØ˲≤ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶Ø˲$ÃÒ˝ÖsÏ˝Mä¸ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ A∞ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. ◆ MˆÀØ˲$, ^˛ΔÊˇ$–ö˛# AØÛ˛— ÃÒ˝ÖsÏ˝Mä¸ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$M>V> Ø˲® ÃZsÏ˝Mä¸ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶Mʸ$ Eßë-Áfl˝-ΔÊˇ◊˝.
B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ & ∞Δ>√◊˝ÖB–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶ÃZ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>À AØ˲$-Áú$-r-
M>À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. A— 1. ∞»j–ö˛ AØ˲$-Áú$-r-M>À$2. i–ö˛ AØ˲$-Áú$-r-M>À$
∞»j–ö˛ AØ˲$-Áú$-r-M>À$M>ÖÜ, ôÛ˛–ö˛$, E⁄˘~-{Vʸô˲, Ô≥yÊ˛ØË˛Ö –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ øõÜMʸ M>ΔÊˇ-
M>-ÀØ˲$, M>Δ¯æ-ÚflO˝-{yÛ˛r$œ, {¥˘sÓ˝Ø˲$œ, Mˆ–ö˛#”À$, BMϸfi-fØå˛,M>ΔÊˇæØå˛ y˛O BM¸Ofiyä˛, Á‹ÀπΔäˇ Ø˛O{sZ-fØå˛ –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ ΔÊˇ›Î-ƒÊ˝$Ø˲ M>ΔÊˇ-M>-ÀØ˲$ MʸÕÌ≥ ∞»j–ö˛ AØ˲$-Áú$-r-M>À$ A∞ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$.i–ö˛ AØ˲$-Áú$-r-M>À$
i–ö˛ AØ˲$-Áú$-r-M>-ÀØ˲$ –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>-À$V> —øÊ˝-hÖ-^˲-–ö˛^˲$a. 1. Eô˲µ-Ü¢-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$
2. —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$3. —_e-Ø˲≤-M>-ΔÊˇ$À$
MϸΔÊˇ-◊˝-fØ˲≈ Á‹ÖƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-{MϸƒÊ˝$ ßë”Δ> B‡-Δ>∞≤ô˲ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛ı‹ i–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$ Eô˲µ-Ü¢-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$.Eßë: –˛$$MʸPÀ$
B‡ΔÊˇÖ M¯Á‹Ö –˛$$MʸP-ÀÚ≥O ÃÙ˝ßë Cô˲ΔÊˇ i–ö˛#-ÀÚ≥OB´ßë-ΔÊˇ-Á≥yÛ˛ –ÈsÏ˝∞ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. Eßë:fÖô˲$-–ö˛#À$
—∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÃÒ˝OØ˲ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$ Ü«W –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ΔÊˇM>-À$V> —øÊ˝-hÖ-^˲-–ö˛^˲$a.1. {¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$
–˛$$MʸP-ÀØ˲$ B‡-ΔÊˇÖV> °Á‹$-MˆØÛ˛ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$ {¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ ÃÙ˝ßë "Úfl˝«a-–¯ΔÊˇ$œ' A∞AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. Eßë: VÛ¸ß˛, B–ö˛#, Mʸ$ÖßÛ˛À$, –Û˛$Mʸ, hΔ>Ìú–˛$$ßÊ˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø˲—.
2. ®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À${¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÃÒ˝OØ˲ Mʸ$ÖßÛ˛À$, B–ö˛#, VÛ¸ß˛,–Û˛$Mʸ, —$yÊ˛ô˲, hÖMʸ-ÀØ˲$ ÜØÛ˛ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$ ®”°ƒÊ˝$—∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. “sÏ˝ØÛ˛ {¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ M>«≤-–¯ΔÊˇ$œ A∞ Mʸ*yë Ì≥À$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. Eßë: MʸÁ≥µ, Mʸ$MʸP,Ø˲MʸP, Ì≥Õœ –˛$$ßÊ˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø˲—.
3. ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÀØ˲$ ÜØÛ˛ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ ÃÙ˝ßë ®”°ƒÊ˝$ M>«≤-–¯ΔÊˇ$œA∞ Ì≥À$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. Eßë: yÛ˛Vʸ, Á≥#Õ, Ì‹ÖÁfl˝Ö{¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ ®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-
ΔÊˇ$-ÀMʸ$ B‡-ΔÊˇ-–ö˛$-–ö˛#-ôÈΔˇ$$. M>∫sÏ˝t {¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÀØ˲$ "®”°ƒÊ˝$ Eô˲µ-Ü¢-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$' A∞ Mʸ*yëAÖsÍΔÊˇ$.
®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÀMʸ$ B‡-ΔÊˇ-–ö˛$-–ö˛#-ôÈΔˇ$$. M>∫sÏ˝t ®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÀØ˲$ ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ Eô˲µ-Ü¢-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ A∞ Ì≥À$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ‘ÈRÍ-‡ΔÊˇÖ, –ö˛*Ö›Î-‡ΔÊˇÖ ΔˇÖyÏ˛Ö-sÏ˝± ÜØÛ˛ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$"–¯“$≤-–¯ΔÊˇ$œ' AÖsÍΔÊˇ$.—_e-Ø˲≤-M>-ΔÊˇ$À$
^˲∞-¥˘-Δˇ$$Ø˲ –ö˛ñÑʸ, fÖô˲$ Mʸ‚Ù˝-øÊ˝-Δ>-ÀØ˲$ ÜØÛ˛ i–ö˛#-ÀØ˲$ —_e-Ø˲≤-M>-ΔÊˇ$À$ ÃÙ˝ßë Á≥NÜ-M>-‡ΔÊˇ$À$ A∞AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. Eßë: ªÍ≈MÓ¸t-«ƒÊ˝*, ’ŒÖ-{´ßëÀ$
D —´ßÊ˛ÖV> JMʸ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#Ø˲$ –ö˛$Δ¯ fÖô˲$–ö˛# ÜØ˲-yÊ˛Ö-
–ö˛Àœ ‘Ë˝Mϸ¢ JMʸ fÖô˲$–ö˛# Ø˲$Ö_ –ö˛$Δ¯ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#Mʸ$ ∫®ŒA–ö˛#-ô˲$Ö®. B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶-ÃZ∞ JMʸ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ Ø˲$Ö_ –ö˛$Δ¯›Î¶Δˇ$$Mϸ f«VÛ¸ D ‘Ë˝Mϸ¢ ∫ßÊ˛-ÃÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-Á≥#ØÛ˛ B‡ΔÊˇ VˆÀ$Á‹$AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶ÃZ ‘Ë˝Mϸ¢Mϸ –ö˛$*ÀÖ Á‹*ΔÊˇ$≈yÊ˛$.–˛$$MʸPÀ$ MϸΔÊˇ-◊˝-fØ˲≈ Á‹ÖƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-{Mϸ-ƒÊ˝$Ø˲$ f«Ì≥ ›˚ΔÊˇ-‘Ë˝-Mϸ¢∞ΔÊˇ›Î-ƒÊ˝$-Ø˲-‘Ë˝-Mϸ¢V> –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$-›Î¢Δˇ$$. D ΔÊˇ›Î-ƒÊ˝$-Ø˲-‘Ë˝Mϸ¢ JMʸfÖô˲$–ö˛# Ø˲$Ö_ –ö˛$Δ¯ fÖô˲$-–ö˛#Mʸ$ –˛‚Ê˝ì¢Ö®.
B‡ΔÊˇ VˆÀ$-Á‹$Mʸ$ Eßë-Áfl˝-ΔÊˇ◊˝: VʸyÏ˛z øÊ˝*—$ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶
VʸyÏ˛z (Eô˲µÜ¢ßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$)
—$yÊ˛$ô˲ ({¥Î£Ê˛—$Mʸ —∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$)
MʸÁ≥µ (®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$)
¥Î–ö˛$$ (ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ —∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$)
yÛ˛Vʸ (ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ —∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$)
1. B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ AØÛ˛ Á≥ßë∞≤ –˛$$rt-–˛$$-ßÊ˛rEÁ≥-ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-_Ö®?G) Úfl˝M¸Ãå˝ º) »rΔäˇ Ì‹) sÍØå˛fiÃÙ˝ yÏ˛) KyÊ˛–í˛$
2. Mϸ֮ –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ Mʸñ{Ü–ö˛$ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ H®?G) Gyë« º) Ø˲® Ì‹) AyÊ˛— yÏ˛) AMÛ¸”-«ƒÊ˝$Ö
3. –ö˛$Ö_-±sÏ˝ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À A´ßÊ˛≈-ƒÊ˝$-ØÈ∞≤H–ö˛$Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$?G) Õ–ö˛*≤-Àh º) ÚflO˝{yë-Àh Ì‹) ∞yë-Àh yÏ˛) ΔˇOØÈ-Àh
4. Mϸ֮ –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ÃZsÏ˝Mä¸ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ H®?G) MˆÀØ˲$ º) Ø˲® Ì‹) ^˛ΔÊˇ$–ö˛# yÏ˛) Ú≥O–ö˛±≤
5. Mϸ֮ –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$A∞ ßÛ˛∞≤ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$?G) Á≥#Õ º) Mʸ$ÖßÛ˛À$ Ì‹) MʸÁ≥µ yÏ˛) Ì‹ÖÁfl˝Ö
6. {¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$-ÀØ˲$ H–ö˛$∞ Ì≥À$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$?G) Úfl˝«æ-–¯ΔÊˇ$œ º) –¯—$≤-–¯ΔÊˇ$œ Ì‹) M>«≤-–¯ΔÊˇ$œ yÏ˛) Á≥NÜ-M>-‡-ΔÊˇ$À$
7. Mϸ֮ –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ –Û˛sÏ˝∞ Á≥NÜ-M>-‡-ΔÊˇ$À$ A∞AÖsÍΔÊˇ$?G) {¥Î£Ê˛-—$Mʸ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ º) ®”°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ Ì‹) ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-Vʸ-ßë-ΔÊˇ$À$ yÏ˛) —_e-Ø˲≤-M>-ΔÊˇ$À$
Á‹–ö˛*-´ßë-ØÈÀ$1) Ì‹ 2) yÏ˛ 3) G 4) º 5) Ì‹ 6) G 7) yÏ˛
Ø˲–ö˛$*ØÈ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$
B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝‘ÈÁ‹àÖ
BΔäˇ.Á‹$ΔÛˇãŸÔ‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ ∏Î≈MʸŒt
{Vʸ*ã≥fi {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸Ö & ∫ƒÊ˝*Ài
B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ & ΔÊˇM>À$◆ –ö˛$Ö_-±sÏ˝ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À A´ßÊ˛≈-ƒÊ˝$-ØÈ∞≤ "Õ–ö˛*≤-Àh' AÖsÍΔÊˇ$.
Á‹Áfl˝f B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶À$ Mʸñ{Ü–ö˛$ B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶À$
ØÛ˛ÀÚ≥O EÖyÛ˛— ±sÏ˝ÃZ EÖyÛ˛—
AyÊ˛— Gyë« VʸyÏ˛z øÊ˝*—$ Á≥ΔÊˇ”ôÈÀ$ EÁ≥#µ±ΔÊˇ$ –ö˛$Ö_±sÏ˝B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ B–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶
ÃZsÏ˝Mä¸ ÃÒ˝ÖsÏ˝Mä¸
B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$ & ∞Δ>√◊˝Ö
∞»j–ö˛ AØ˲$Áú$rM>À$ i–ö˛ AØ˲$Áú$rM>À$
øõÜMʸ M>ΔÊˇM>À$ ΔÊˇ›ÎƒÊ˝$Ø˲ M>ΔÊˇM>À$ Eô˲µÜ¢ßëΔÊˇ$À$ —_eØ˲≤M>ΔÊˇ$À$
{¥Î£Ê˛—$Mʸ ®”°ƒÊ $ ô˲ñ°ƒÊ˝$—∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$À$ —∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$À$ —∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$À$
—∞ƒÒ˝*VʸßëΔÊˇ$À$
–ö˛$Ö_-±sÏ˝ B–ö˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À A´ßÊ˛≈-ƒÊ˝$-ØÈ∞≤ H–ö˛$Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$?
M>Mʸ°ƒÊ˝$ ƒÊ˝$*∞–ö˛«fisÓ˝–ö˛ΔÊˇÖ-Vʸ-Ãå˝-ÃZ∞ M>Mʸ-°ƒÊ˝$ ƒÊ˝$*∞-–ö˛-«fisÓ˝ ßÊ˛*ΔÊˇ-—ßÊ˛≈MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö 2017&18 —ßÊ˛≈ Á‹Ö–ö˛-ô˲fi-Δ>-∞Mϸ V>Ø˲$ ——´ßÊ˛ƒÊ˝$*i, Ô≥i, Ô≥i yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛*, Á‹«t-Ìú-M¸så˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÃZœ {Á≥–Û˛-‘È-∞Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®.
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STRUCTURALORGANISATION IN ANIMALS
"Structural organization in Anim-als" is the Second Unit in the sylla-bus of Junior Inter Zoology. This unitcovers the fundamental characters ofanimals which include the body org-anization, symmetry, coelom andanimal tissues. This unit consist thetopics like levels of organization,symmetry, coelom and animal tissueslike epithelial, connective tissues,muscular and nervous tissues.Weightage of the chapter:i) 10 marks weightage is allotted for
this chapter in IPE in the form of3 VSAQs and 1 SAQ.
ii) 2-3 questions generally ask fromthis chapter in EAMCET(analysisof EAMCET 2004 - 2015 papers).In this manner this unit has signi-ficant role in both exams.
Previous Questions (VSAQs)
1. What is cephalisation? How isit useful to its possessors?
A: ❖ Cephalization is the processwhere the concentration of nerve
and sensory cells at the anteriorend of animals (in the head).
❖ It appears in bilateral symmet-rical animals.
❖ As the result of cephalization, th-ese animals can sense the newenvironment into which they ent-er and respond more efficientlyand quickly.
2. Mention the animals that exhi-bited a "tube-within-a-tube"organization for the first time?Name their body cavity.
A: Nematodes, Rotifers of the phy-lum Aschelminthes are the firstanimals to exhibit a "tube-within-a-tube" organization. Body cavity is pseudocoelom inthese animals.
3. What are retroperitoneal organs?A: The organs like kidneys of ver-
tebrates are covered by the parie-tal peritoneum only on their ven-tral side. This peritoneum is con-sidered as retroperitoneum andthe organs lined by it are knownas "retroperitoneal organs".
4. Why is the true coelom conside-red as a secondary body cavity?
A: In eucoelomates, the blastocoel orprimary body cavity is replacedby true coelom derived from themesoderm. So true coelom is con-sidered as secondary body cavity.
5. Radial symmetry is an advantage
to the sessile or slow moving or-ganisms. Justify this statement.
A: Animals showing radial symme-try live in water and they can re-spond equally to stimuli that ar-rive from all directions. Thus, ra-dial symmetry is an advantage tosessile or slow moving animals.
6. Distinguish between exocrine andendocrine glands with examples.
A: Exocrine glands are provided wi-th ducts. Secrete mucus, saliva,earwax, oil, milk, digestive en-zymes and other cell products.Endocrine glands are ductlessand their products are hormoneswhich are not sent out via ducts,but are carried to the target orga-ns by blood. Ex: pituitary gland.
7. Distinguish between holocrineand apocrine glands.
A: Apocrine glands in which the ap-ical part of the gland cell in pin-
ched off along with the secretoryproduct. Ex: Mammary glands.Holocrine glands, in which theentire cell disintegrates to discha-rge the contents.Ex: Sebaceous glands.
8. Distinguish between a tendonand a ligament.
A: Tendons are the collagen fibroustissue of dense regular conne-ctive tissue which attach the ske-letal muscles to bones.Ligaments are also the collagenfibers tissue of dense regular con-nective tissue which attach bones.
9. What is the strongest cartila-ge? In which regions of the hu-man body, do you find it?
A: The fibrous cartilage is the stro-ngest of all types of cartilages.It occurs in the intervertebral discsand pubic symphysis of the pelvis.
Important List of SAQs
1. Describe the formation of schi-zocoelom and enterocoelom.
2. Describe the three types of car-tilage.
3. Explain Haversian system.4. Describe the structure of a skele-
tal muscle.5. Describe the structure of a card-
iac muscle.6. Describe the structure of a multi-
polar neuron.
Important points for EAMCET
❖ First, second and third key tran-sition stages in the evolution ofthe animal body plan are tissues,bilateral symmetry and origin ofbody cavity(coelom) respectively.
❖ Gastropod molluscans are secon-darily aceolomates.
❖ Adult echinoderms are secondarily(pentamerous) radial symmetrical.
❖ Vertebrates are secondarily schi-zocoelic.
❖ Radial symmetry is an advantageto sessile or slow moving animals.
❖ The organs covered by parietalperitoneum only on their ventralside are known as retroperitonealorgans. Eg. Kidneys.
❖ Protostomians exhibit spiral, det-erminate cleavage with mosaicembryo.
❖ Deuterostomes exhibit radial, in-determinate cleavage with regul-ative embryo.
❖ Merocrine glands - pancreas; ap-ocrine glands - mammary glands;holocrine - sebaceous glands.
❖ Tissues in the wall of trachea:a) epithelium – pseudostratified
ciliated.b) connective tissue – elastic.c) cartilage – hyaline as c- shap-
ed rings.
K. SrinivasuluSubject Expert,, Sri Chaitanya
Educational Institutions,Hyderabad
What are retroperitoneal organs?
PREVIOUS ENTRANCEEXAMS QUESTIONS
1. Slight increase in number ofleucocytes in human blood isknown as: (TS EAMCET 2017)1) Leukemia2) Leucocytopenia3) Leucocytosis 4) Leucopoiesis
2. Immature bone cells are calledas: (TS EAMCET 2017)1) Osteoclasts 2) Ostocytes3) Osteocells 4) Osteoblasts
3. Heparin is a:(TS EAMCET 2017)
1) Plasma protein synthesizer2) Anticoagulant 3) Fibronecten4) Thermoregulatory factor
4. Myelin sheath is produced by:(NEET 2017)
1) Astrocytes and Schwann cells2) Oligodendrocytes and
Astrocytes3) Osteoclasts and astrocytes4) Oligodendrocytes and
Schwann cells5. Frog's heart when taken out of
the body continues to beat forsometime (NEET 2017)Select the best option from thefollowing statements.a) Frog is a poikilotherm.b) Frog does not have any
coronary circulation.
c) Heart is "myogenic" in nature.d) Heart is autoexcitable1) Only(d) 2) (a) and (b)3) (c) and (d) 4) Only (c)
6. Which of the following type ofmuscle fibres will be the first oneto undergo fatigue? (NEET 2017)1) Aerobic fibres2) Slow oxidative fibres3) Fast oxidative-glycolytic
fibres4) Fast glycolytic fibres
7. Which of the following symm-etry is exhibited by EchinodermLarvae? (NEET 2017) 1) Bilateral 2) Radial3) Asymmetrical 4) Biradial
8. In male cockroach, sperms arestored in which part of the repro-ductive system?
(NEET-II, 2016) 1) Testes 2) Vas deferens3) Seminal vesicle4) Mushroom gland
9. Smooth muscles are:(NEET - II, 2016)
1) Involuntary, cylindrical, striated2) Voluntary, spindle-shaped,
uninucleate3) Involuntary, fusiform, non-
striated4) Voluntary, multinucleate,
cylindrical10. Which type of tissue correctly
matches with its location?(NEET - I, 2016)
Tissue Location1) Smooth muscle Wall of
intestine2) Areolar tissue Tendons3) Transitional Tip nose
epithelium4) Cuboidal Lining of
epithelium stomach11. Erythropoiesis starts in:
(AIPMT - 2015) 1) Spleen 2) Red bone marrow3) Kidney 4) Liver
12. Which one of the following iscorrect? (AIPMT - 2015) 1) Lymph = Plasma+RBC+WBC2) Blood = Plasma + RBC +
WBC + Platelets3) Plasma = Blood − Lymphocytes4) Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen
13. The terga, sterna and pleura ofcockroach body are joined by:
(AIPMT - 2015) 1) Arthrodial membrane2) Cartilage 3) Cementing glue4) Muscular tissue
14. The function of the gap junctionis to: (AIPMT - 2015) 1) stop substance from leaking
across a tissue2) performing cementing to keep
neighbouring cells together3) Facilitate communication bet-
ween adjoining cells by conn-ecting the cytoplasm for rapidtransfer of ions, small mole-cules and some largemolecules
4) separate two cells from eachother
15. The body cells in cockroach dis-charge their nitrogenous waste inthe haemolymph mainly in theform of: (AIPMT - 2015)1) Calcium carbonate2) Ammonia 3) Potassium urate4) Urea
16. Choose the correctly matchedpair: (AIPMT - 2014) 1) Inner lining of salivary ducts -
Ciliated epithelium2) Moist surface of buccal cavity
- Glandular epithelium3) Tubular parts of nephrons -
Cuboidal epithelium4) Inner surface of bronchioles -
Squamous epithelium17. Choose the wrong statement wi-
th reference to smooth muscles(TS EAMCET 2015)
1) myofibrils show alternate dar-k and light bands
2) they are spindle shaped uni-nucleate cells
3) their contractions are underthe control of autonomous ne-rvous system
4) they exhibit prolonged contr-actions
18. Whorton's jelly present in umbi-lical cord is an example for:
(AP EAMCET 2015)1) adipose tissue2) mucus connective tissue 3) areolar tissue4) elastic connective tissue
19. Assertion (A): In cardiac mus-cle, impulses are transmittedrapidly.Reason (R): Gap junctions al-low quick passage of ions fromone cell to the other.
(AP EAMCET 2015)1) Both A and R are true and R
explains A2) Both A and R are true but R
does not explains A3) A is true but R is false4) A is false but R is true
20. The glial cells which help in pro-viding blood-brain barrier are:
(AP EAMCET 2015)1) Astrocytes 2) Microglia3) Ependymal cells4) Oligodendrocytes
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B. LAXMINARAYANA
M.Sc., B.Ed.,
Senior Maths Faculty
9849386253
ELLIPSE
Equation of directrices is?
MATHS - 2 B
07 30, 2017- ntbhadradri.comntnews.com
� Comprehend means to understand,
Reading comprehension which means to
understand the given passage or
paragraph. There will be a paragraph or
number of paragraphs will be given to
you, you have to answer the questions .
PASSAGE
� Childhood is a greatest boon for
everyone. we gain knowledge by
questioning rather than learning it from
the books, later on we realize that books
also play an important role in our lives.
There was a brilliant student who was
studying in 5th standard, He was known
as little genius, future Einstein. He used
to be in the class even in the sports
period, many students were enjoyed
themselves while this little genius
scrutinizing his surroundings. Some
people lay down their lives for nation
while others are being selfish. Finally,
The boy became a scientist with strong
determination and will power.
The questions for this passage as follows
1. What is the idea/ theme of the passage?
2. What author wants to express?
3. What is the meaning of Scrutinize?
4. What is the meaning of the given phrase
lay down?
5. In which class the boy was studying?
6. What is the other name of the boy?
7. The opposite word of ‘strong’?
8. According to the passage In which of the
following things we can gain knowledge?
A. Books B. Computer
C. Cell phones D. None
9. Which is the greatest boon for everyone?
10. Who enjoyed in this passage?
How to answer this Passage
� This is a simple Passage and this passage
has only one paragraph
� So, we should read the passage carefully
and answer them
� But In case of lengthy Passage or Paragraphs
we have to follow different approach
� The appearance of questions will be different
� There are 3 types of Questions
TYPE- I
� Global Questions: This kind of
questions will be Answered after going
through the passage completely. We
cannot answer this kind of questions
with one paragraph
� The Questions are of
1. What is the theme of the Passage?
2. What is the central idea of the Passage?
3. The Author wants to express?
4. What is the title of the Passage?
� This kind of Questions will be Answered
only when we read the entire passage,
otherwise we cannot answer such questions
TYPE- II
INFERENCE BASED QUESTIONS
� This is a combination of one or two
paragraphs.
� If Environment is given as a passage in
1. Pollution 2. Eco system 3. Forests
4. Renewable and Non renewable sources
The Questions will be on
1. Types of pollution
2. Types of Energy
3. Biotic and Abiotic life
4. Types of forests
� This kind of Questions are called
inference Based Questions
� Where we have to draw the conclusion
after going through the above sub
topics
TYPE- III
� This kind of questions will be
Answered directly.
The questions are of
1. When it was broke out?
2. What is the name of the Book?
3. Who won the first prize?
� We can Answer this kind of questions easily,
it will be given in the passage itself
PASSAGE
Directions
Study the passage and answer the
questions that follow:
� India is not, as you may imagine, a distant,
strange, or at the very utmost, a curious
country, India for the future belongs to
Europe, it has its place in the Indo-
European world, it has its place in our
own history and in what is the very life
of history, the history of the human mind,
You know how some of the best talents
and the noblest genius of our age has been
devoted to the study of the development
of the outward or material world, the
growth of the earth, the first appearance
of the living cells, their combination and
differentiation leading up to the beginning
of organic life, and its steady progress
from the lowest to the highest stages, Is
there not inward intellectual world also
which has to be studied in its historical
development, from the first appearance
of predicative administrative roots, their
combination and differentiation, leading
up to the beginning of rational thought in
its steady progress from the lowest to the
highest stages? And in that study of the
history of the human mind, in that study of
ourselves, of our true selves, India occupies
a place second to no other country,
Whatever sphere of the human mind you
may select for your special study, whether
it be language, or religion, or mythology,
or philosophy, whether it be laws or
customs, primitive art or primitive science,
everywhere you have to go to India,
whether you like it or not, because some
of the most valuable and most instructive
materials in the history of, man are
treasured up in India, and in India. only.
1. In what field of human endeavor has
India surpassed the rest of mankind?
a) in industrialization
b) in materialization
c) in games and sport's
d) in study of the history of the human mind
2. What position does India occupy in the
study of the history of the human mind?
a) No place at all b) First place
c) Third place d) Second place
3. Philosophy means:
a) the study of human mind
b) the study of systems of thought about
soul, etc.
c) the study of political systems
d) The study of stars and cosmos
4. The historical development of
intellectual world leads up to:
a) the beginning of rational thought
b) spiritual illumination
c) physical development d) deflation
Answers: 1. d, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a
PASSAGE
Study the passage and answer the
questions that follow:
� Some religious teachers have taught that
Man is made up of a body and a soul: But
they have been silent about the Intellect.
Their followers try to feed the body on
earth and to save soul from perdition
after death: But they neglected the claims
of the mind. Bread for the body and Virtue
for the soul: These are regarded as the
indispensable requisites of human
welfare here and hereafter. Nothing is
said about knowledge and education.
Thus Jesus Christ spoke much of feeding
the hungry, healing the sick, and
converting the sinners: But he never
taught the duty of teaching the ignorant
and increasing scientific knowledge. He
himself was not a well-educated man,
and intellectual pursuits were beyond his
horizon. Gautam Buddha also laid stress
on morality, meditation and asceticism,
but he did not attach great importance to
history, science, art or literature. St.
Ambrose deprecated scientific studies
and wrote, Tel discuss the nature and
position of the earth does not help us in
our hope for life to come. St. Basil said
very frankly and foolishly, It is not a
matter of interest for us whether the
earth is a sphere or a cylinder or disc.
Thomas Carlyle also followed the
Christian traditions when he declared
that he honoured only two men and no
third: The manual labour and the
religious teacher. He forgot the scientist,
the scholar and the artist. The cynics of
Greece despised education at last?
1. What have the religious teachers
taught in the past?
a) That man is made up of body only
b) That man is made up of soul only.
c) That man is made up of bubbles
d) That man is made up of body and soul
together
2. What is food for the soul?
a) Bread b)Virtue c) Vice d) Education
3. The following philosophers occur in the
passage. But they are not in correct order.
Correct the order (l). Jesus Christ (II).
Gautam Buddha (III) St. Ambrose
(IV). Thomas Carlyle M St. Basil
a) I, II, III, IV, V b) I, III, IV, V, II
c) I, II, III, V, IV d) II, I, III, IV, V
4. Intellectual pursuits have been
neglected because: (I) they are
unnecessary and superfluous (II) they
make people dwarf (III) they lead
people to hell
a) I is correct b) II is correct
c) III is correct d) I and II are correct
Answers: 1. d, 2. b, 3. c, 4. a
PASSAGE
Study the passage and answer the
questions that follow:
� India's role on the international stage
was moulded by history rather than by
the pomp and circumstances of war. As a
separate entity of the British empire,
India became a founder member of the
League of Nations in the same Way as
Australia and Canada, and thus acquired
a somewhat unique international status
long before independence. During the
days of the League when India's interests
were affected, such as in matters of trade
or the position of Indians overseas, the
Indian delegation did not hesitate to
make known its independent position,
for what it was worth. Some Indian
delegates were. In demand for chairing
meetings riddled with contention and
controversy, because of their reputation
for impartiality and talent for mediation.
These were the small beginnings of India's
later entry into the United Nations in 1945,
again as a founder member before
independence. The drafting of Chapter
IX and X of the UN Charter, which deal
with international social and economic
cooperation, was entrusted to a group
that was presided over by an Indian. It is
important, however, to bear in mind that
fact that the Government of independent
India had no part in the drafting of the
UN Charter, although in accepted the
obligations contained therein. The UN was
primarily the creation of three powers-The
USA, UK and Russia. The size, population,
resources and potential of India lent it the
weight of a medium power in the functio-
ning of the United Nations. The fact that
India was among the first nations to
liberate itself from the imperialist domina-
tion through non-violent means. Endowed
it with a moral obligation to work in and
outside the UN for the independence of
nations still under colonial rule. India has
served on the Security Council for 10 years
or 5 terms, on the Trusteeship Council for
12 years or 4 terms and on the Economic
and Social Council for 21 years or 7 terms.
1. The title below that best expresses the
ideas of the passage is:
a. India's role at the United Nations
b. India and Her Neighbours
c. India's International Prestige
d. British Colonial Expansion
2. Through a part of the British Empire,
India enjoyed great prestige at the
League in as much as Indian delegates
were in demand for chairing meeting
to consider controversial issues. It was
because: (l) Indian delegates were well
known. For their impartiality (II).
Indian delegates had talent for
mediation (III). India was considered
a power to reckon with:
a. I and III b. I and II c. I and III d. I
3. Which articles of the UN Charter deal
with International, Social and
Economic Co-operation?
a. Articles IX and X
b. Articles I and XII
c. Articles VIII and XIII
d. Articles VI and VII
4. Which of the following countries does
not find any coverage in the passage?
a. The USA b. Britain
c. The Russia d. Sri Lanka
Answer: 1. a, 2. b, 3. a, 4. d
A.ARUN KUMAR
(AUTHOR)
9494665208
READING COMPREHENSION
What is food for the soul?
ForCompetitive
Exams
08 30, 2017- ntbhadradri.comntnews.com
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ï: -ûªí∫’_-ûª’ç-C21. ´J °æçô†’ v°æüμΔ-†çí¬ °æçúÕçîË é¬©ç:
ï: -ê-K°∂ˇ22. ûÁ©ç-í¬-ù™ í∫ûª 15 Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©™ v°æüμΔ† FöÀ-§ƒ-
®Ω’-ü¿© ´†®Ω’ àC?ï: îÁ®Ω’-´¤©’
23. ´’£æ…û√t í¬çDμ ñ«Bߪ’ ví¬O’ù Ö§ƒCμ £æ…O’îªö«d-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç* éÀçC¢√-öÀ™ à N -®ΩùÆæÈ®jçC é¬ü¿’?ï: Ö§ƒCμ éπLpç-îªE °æJ-Æœn-A™ E®Ω’-üÓuí∫ ¶μº%AE
îÁLxç-î√L24. Ñ éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ ¶μ«®Ωûª ®√ñ«uç-í∫ç-™E à v°æéπ-®Ωù,
îªôdç E®Ωg-®·ç-*† v°æ鬮Ωç 6 †’ç* 14 Ææç´-ûªq-®√©´’üμ¿u ´ßª’Ææ’ éπL-T† °œ©x©èπ◊ Ö*ûª, E®Ωsçüμ¿Nü¿u†’ ®√ïuç ÅçCç-î√-©E Ê°®Ì\ç-ô’çC?
ï: -v°æéπ®Ω-ù 21- á25. ¶μ«®Ωûª ®√ñ«uçí∫ °‘J∏éπ†’ (v°œßª÷ç-•’™¸) DE ÇüμΔ-
®Ωçí¬ Ææ´’èπÿ®√a®Ω’:ï: ©é~¬u©’, Ǩ¡-ߪ÷© B®√t†ç
26. ûÁ©ç-í¬ù ®√≠æZç-™E áEo >™«x-©™ 80 ¨»ûªç ™‰üΔÅçûªèπ◊ N’ç* v¨»N’-èπ◊©’ ´u´-≤ƒ-ߪ’ç°j ÇüμΔ-®Ω-°æúÕ@N-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?
ï: 427. Ñ éÀçC °æüΔ©’ ¶μ«®Ωûª ®√ñ«uçí∫ °‘J∏-éπ™ éπE-°œçîË
-´®Ω’Ææ véπ´’ç:A. v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’u B. ≤ƒ´’u-¢√ü¿C. Ææ®Ωy-Ææ-û√héπ D. ™˜éÀéπ E. í∫-ù-ûªç-vûª
ï: C, B, D, A, E
28. Nü¿u äé𠨻Ææ† Å稡çí¬ à ñ«G-û√™ ÖçC?ï: Ö´’túÕ ñ«Gû√
29. üË ¡ §ƒ©-†èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç* ¶μ«®Ωûª ®√ñ«uç-í∫ç™ ÑéÀçC ¢√öÀ™ àN v§ƒü∑¿-N’-éπ-¢Á’i-†N?
ï: -Ç-üË-Péπ Ææ÷--vû√-©’ -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’30. ™é -Ææ-¶μº™ ¢√J{éπ Íéçvü¿ •úÁbö¸ ØÁí∫_E °æéπ~ç™...
ï: v°æüμΔ-†-´’çvA, ûª† ´’çvA-´’ç-úøL ®√@-Ø√´÷Ææ´’-Jp-≤ƒh®Ω’
31. °æçî√-ߪ’-B-®√ñ¸ ÆæçÆæn-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç* ᙸ.áç.Æœç°∂‘’y éπN’öà Ɯ§∂ƒ-®ΩÆæ’™x Åûªuçûª v°æüμΔ-†-¢Á’içCàC?ï: °æç-î√-ߪ’-B®√-ñ¸ ÆæçÆæn-© π◊ -E-Jl-≠æd °æ-ü¿-Oé¬-©ç
32. Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶μº’-ûªyç™ Ö†o ®√ïu ´’çvûª’© ≤ƒn†çàN’öÀ?
ï: -¢√®Ω’ Íéç-vü¿ -v°æ-¶μº’--ûªyç---™ -´’ç-vûª’-™‰ é¬-F é¬u-G-ØÁ-ö¸Ææ-¶μº’u-©’ é¬®Ω’
33. Ææ’v°‘ç éÓ®Ω’dèπ◊ Ö†o Íéçvü¿ ®√≥ƒZ© ´’üμ¿u N¢√-üΔ-©†’ °æJ-≠æ \-JçîË ÅCμ-鬮Ωç üËE™ ¶μ«í∫ç?
ï: -v§ƒ-ü∑¿-N’éπ (--ä-J->-†-™¸) °æJCμ
34. Ñ éÀçC Å稻-©†’ °æJ-Q-Lç-îªçúÕ:A. ¶μ«®Ωûª éπç§ÚZ-©®˝ Åçú˛ ÇúÕ-ô®˝ ï†-®Ω™¸†’
¶μ«®Ωûª ®√≠æZ-°æA Eߪ’-N’-≤ƒh®Ω’.B. Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç ™‰üΔ à Éûª®Ω ®√≠æZ v°æ¶μº’-ûªyç-
™E à Éûª®Ω °æü¿-N-ÈéjØ√ éπç§ÚZ-©®˝ Åçú˛ ÇúÕ-ô®˝ï†-®Ω™¸ Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçö«®Ω’.
C. éπç§ÚZ-©®˝ Åçú˛ ÇúÕ-ô®˝ ï†-®Ω™ -†’, -¶μ«®Ω-ûªÆæ’-v°‘çéÓ®Ω’d Ø√uߪ’-´‚-JhE ûÌ©-TçîË é¬®Ω-ù«©’,°æü¿l¥-A™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ °æü¿N †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
ÆæÈ®j† ï¢√-•’†’ áç°œéπ îËߪ’çúÕ:ï: A, C -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’
35. ûª† NP≠æd Ææç°∂æ’ ÆæçÆæ \-®Ω-ù«-ûªtéπ ÊÆ´-©èπ◊í∫’Jhç°æ¤í¬ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç †’ç* '¶μ«®Ωûª ®Ωûªo— G®Ω’ü¿’§ÒçC† Ææç°∂æ’ ÆæçÆæ \®Ωh:
ï: -úÕ.Èé. é¬Í®y 36. Íé®Ω∞¡™ ´’ûª, Ææç°∂æ’ ÆæçÆæ \®ΩùÓü¿u-´÷-EéÀ í∫öÀd °æ¤Ø√-
ü¿’-©†’ ¢ËÆœ† Ææç°∂æ’ ÆæçÆæ \®Ωh:ï: Ø√®√-ߪ’ù í∫’®Ω’
37. Ççvüμ¿ ´’£æ…-Ææ¶μº 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ™x, ûÁ©ç-í¬ù È®jû√çí∫Öü¿u- ’ç™ ´·êu ¶μº÷N’éπ ´£œ«ç-*† ´uéÀh:
ï: ≤ƒy-N’ ®√-´÷-†ç-ü¿-B®Ωn38. ñ«Gû√ 'A' ™ Ö†o-¢√-öÀE, ñ«Gû√ 'B' ™ Ö†o-¢√-
öÀûÓ ïûª-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ.ñ«Gû√ 'A' ñ«Gû√ 'B'
A. ®√´’-éπ%≠æg ´’®∏˝ 1. Ææߪ’uü˛ Å£æ«-´’tü˛B. C´u ñ«c† Ææ´÷ïç 2. ≤ƒyN’ N¢Ë-é¬-†çü¿C. Å£æ«- ’t-Dߪ’ Öü¿u´’ç 3. ¢Ë’úø¢’ ¶«x öÃq\D. ´£æ…H Öü¿u´’ç 4. O’®√b í∫’™«ç Å£æ«-´’tü˛ÆæÈ®j† ï¢√-•’†’ áç°œéπ îËߪ’çúÕ:
ï: A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
39. ñ«Gû√ 'A' ™ Ö†o-¢√-öÀE, ñ«Gû√ 'B' ™ Ö†o-¢√-öÀûÓ ïûª-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ.
ñ«Gû√ 'A' ñ«Gû√ 'B'
A. <®√© Ê°®√© §Ú®√ôç 1. °æ®Ωy-ûª-ØËE O®Ωߪ’u î¯ü¿JB. °æ©-Ø√úø’ Ææû√u-ví∫£æ«ç 2. î¯K √C. °ü¿-†ç-C-§ƒúø’ °æ†’o© 3. éπØÁo-í∫çöÀ £æ«†’-´’çûª’
E®√-éπ-®Ωù Öü¿u´’çD. Ææ£æ…ߪ’ E®√-éπ-®Ωù 4. ®√´’-ü¿çúø’
Öü¿u´’ç E©’-°æ¤-ü¿©ÆæÈ®j† -â-*a ¥é¬-Eo áç°œéπ îËߪ’çúÕ:
ï: A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
40. 1933 §ƒö«o é¬çvÈíÆˇ Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨¡ç™ ≤ƒn°œç-*†é¬çvÈíÆˇ ≤Ú≠æ-LÆˇd §ƒKdéÀ v°æü∑¿´’ Åüμ¿u-èπ~◊-úÁj† ´uéÀh:
ï: -Ç-î√®Ωu -†Í®ç-vü¿-üË-¢˛41. '´çüË-´÷-ûª®Ωç— °ævAé¬ Ææ秃-ü¿-èπ◊úø’:
ï: Å®Ω-GçüÓ °∂æ’≠ˇ42. v°æë«uûª ví∫çü∑¿ç '¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË- ¡ç™ Ê°ü¿-Jéπç, N®Ω’ü¿l¥
vGöÀ≠ˇ §ƒ©†— (§ƒ´Kd Åçú˛ ÅØ˛ vGöÀ≠ˇ ®Ω÷™¸ÉØ˛ ÉçúÕߪ÷) ®Ωîª-®·ûª:
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44. Ñ éÀçC à ÆæçÆæn "Hyderabad forHyderabadies" ÅØË EØ√-üΔEo É*açC?
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®√V á´®Ω’?ï: 3 -´ Eñ«ç ÆœéÀç-ü¿®˝ ñ« •£æ«-ü¿÷l®˝
46. ¶μ«®Ωûª ñ«Bߪ’ é¬çvÈíÆˇ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ææ´÷-¢Ë ¡ç ïJ-T†v°æü˨¡ç:
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★ Ææ-È®j-† ï-¢√-•’ -™‰-ü¿’48. '°æçúÕ-û√-®√üμ¿u îªJûªç— ®Ωîª-®·ûª:
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Ææçü¿-Jzç-*† ߪ·®Ó-°œ-ߪ’Ø˛ ¶«ô-≤ƒJ:ï: -´÷®Ó\-§Ú-™
50. Ñ éÀçC -§ƒô-©†’ ¢√öÀ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª-©ûÓ ïûª-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ.-§ƒ-ô ®Ω-·-ûª
A. Å´÷t ûÁ©ç-í¬-ù´÷ 1. ü¿®Ω’´¤ á©x†oB. ÅßÁ÷u-E¢√ †’´¤y Å¢Óy-E¢√ 2. ÅGμ-†ßª’ XE-¢√ÆˇC. O®Ω’-™«®√ ´çü¿†ç 3. í∫ü¿l®˝D. Ö≤ƒt-Eߪ÷ é¬uç°æ-Æˇ™ 4. í∫÷úø Åçïߪ’uÆæÈ®j† ï¢√-•’†’ áç°œéπ îËߪ’çúÕ:
ï: A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
51. Ñ éÀçC -ûËD-©†’ ¢√öÀûÓ Ææç•çüμ¿ç Ö†o °∂æ’ô-†-©ûÓ ïûª-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ.
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E®√-£æ…®Ω Déπ~ÆæÈ®j† ï¢√-•’†’ áç°œéπ îËߪ’çúÕ:
ï: A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
52. ûÁ©ç-í¬ù Å´’-®Ω-O-®Ω’© Ææ÷h§ƒ-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç* äéπÅÆæç-•ü¿l¥ ¢√uêu†’ í∫’Jhç-îªçúÕ.
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56. ûÁ©ç-í¬ù ¢√®Ω’ í∫Jyç-îª-ü¿-T† îμ√ߪ÷ *vûª-é¬-®Ω’úø’(photographer) á´®Ω’?
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P™«ïç -Ñ éÀçC v°æüË-¨»™x áéπ\úø üÌJ-éÀçC?ï: N¶μº-ï† °æ‹®Ωy°æ¤ éπ-Kç-†í∫®˝, -Ç-C-™«-¶«-ü˛ >™«x©
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59. ûÁ©ç-í¬-ù™ 'ü¿û√h-vûËߪ’ ≤ƒyN’— ǩߪ’ç áéπ\úøéπ©ü¿’?
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