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Ddasaqmebis genderuli sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi

Nnana sumbaZe2 dekemberi 2011

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umuSevrobaMSemosavalis simcire siRaribs erTerT ZiriTad komponents

warmoadgens, misi ZiriTadi wyaro ki umuSevrobaa.umuSevroba ufro metia, vidre ufuloba. igi amcirebs adamianur

kapitals. igi dakavSirebulia gariyvasa da izolaciasTan, ramac adamians SeiZleba ubiZgos arajansaRi da maRali riskis Semcvel qmedebis ganxorcielebisaken, gamoiwvios avadmyofoba. umuSevrobam SeiZleba ganapirobos depresia, dabali TviT-Sefaseba, sibraze, ukmayofileba, sircxvilis da danaSaulis SegrZneba, seriozuli fsiqiuri daavadebebi da TviTmkvlelobac ki.

DumuSevrobis uaryofiTi zegavlena ufro didia mamakacebze, radgan samsaxuri mamakacis identurobis centralur nawils warmoadgens.

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UumuSevrobaumuSevarTa wili ufro didia kacebTan

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

20.00%

qalebikacebi

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dasaqmebaM2011 wlis aprilSi saq. Mosaxleobis gamokiTxvis mixedviT ojaxSi

ZiriTadi Semomtanebi mamakacebi arian (54.4%). dasaqmeba keTildReobis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens, rogorc

kacebisaTvis aseve qalebisaTvis, miuxedavad ormagi datvirTvisa

cxovrebiT kmayofileba

bednierebis SegrZneba

maRal TviT-Sefaseba

optimizmi

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

umuSevari qalebimosams.qalebiumuSevari kacebimosamsax.kacebi

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Kkacebsa da qalebs Soris gansxvaveba dasaqmebaSi

Ggansxvaveba vlindeba: dasaqmebulTa wilSi, formalur da araformalur dasaqmebulTa wilSi, profesiis da Tanamdebobis mixedviT segregaciaSi, SemosavalSi.

Qqalebi mamkacebze naklebad arian dasaqmebuli.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

qalebikacebi

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GdasaqmebaSi gansxvavebis mizezebi

• drois simcire-qalebs naklebi dro aqvT• saqarTvelos SromiTi kodeqsi-126 dRe

anazRaurebadi dekreti saxelmwifo dawesebulebis TanamSromlebisaTvis maqsimaluri odenobis dawesebiTsamuSao dRis mxolod 1 saaTiT Semcireba, adre arsebuli 2-is nacvlad

• socialuri servisebis xelmisawvdomobis simcire – ufaso sabavSvo baRebis simcire

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Gganawileba ekonomikis seqtorebis mixedviT

• mamkacebis wili ufro didia ekonomikis formalur seqtorSi, romelic SedarebiT ufro maRali usafrTxoebiT xasiaTdeba. bolo wlebSi aRiniSneba mamakacebis momateba araformalur ekonomikaSi.

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Hhorizontaluri segregaciatradiciulad mamakacis da qalis profesiebis

arseboba. qalebis romelic moiTxovs sikeTes, daxmarebas da emociurobas da kacebis, romelic moiTxovs agresiulobas, damoukideblobas da gadawyvetilebis advilad miRebas.

Tanasworobis komunisturi ideologiis miuxedavad 1975-1987 wlebis saqarTvelos sabWoTa enciklopediis monacemebis mixedviT masSi moxseniebuli 321 qalidan naxevarze meti (59.5%) xelovnebis da mxolod 6.2% mrewvelobis warmomadgenelia

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Hhorizontaluri segregacia

xelovneba; 59.50%mecniereba; 14.60%

mrewveloba; 6.20%

gmirebi; 5.60%

janmrT.; 5.30%

politika; 5.30% sporti; 2.20% sxva; 1.30%

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Hhorizontuli segregaciis mizezebi: anazRaureba

• kacebi ekonomikis ufro maRalanazRaurebad sferoebSi arian dakavebuli-wiaRiseulis mopoveba 90.42% kaci da 0.04% qali),eleqtroenergiis, gazisa da wylis miwodeba (1.42% kaci da 0.4% qali), transporti da komunikacia (6.4% kaci da 0.6% qali). Ggamonaklisia finansebi da sabanko saqme (0.7% kaci da 1.0% qali).

• gasamrjelos gazrdis SemTxevaSi mamakacebi inacvleben qalis profesiebSi-mag. notariusebi. Qkacis profesiaSi mosul qalebs emuqrebaT dasja- maTi naklebi mowonebis saxiT, xolo kacebs ki waxaliseba- qalTa profesiaSi dawinaurebis saxiT.

• QqalTa SromiT bazarze masiurma gamoCenam gamoiwvia qalis sasurveli xatis Secvla. Moxda qaluri formebis dafarva, da modaSi Semovida sigamxdre, problema anoreqsia

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vertikaluri segregacia• maRal Tanamdebobebze qalebis mcire

raodenobaa. 2003 wlidan erovnul bankis sabWoSi mxolod erTi qali iyo. organizaciaTa mxolod 19.7% ukaviaT qalebs maRali Tanamdeboba.

• qalebi iSviaTad arian didi biznesis mflobelebi, roca es xdeba maT ukan rogorc wesi qmrebi, mamebi an vaJiSvilebi arian.

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vertikaluri segregaciis mizezebi• genderuli atitudebi da dasaqmebis maskulinuri xasiaTi

zegavlenas axdenen rogorc damqiravebelze aseve daqiravebulze, gansazRvraven ra muSakis gadawyvetilebas Tanamdebobis dakavebis Taobaze, mis qcevaze da damqiraveblis gadawyvetilebaze aiyvanos an daawinauros muSaki.

Qgadawyvetiilebas dawinaurebis pretenziis gacxadebaze gansazRravs warmatebis aRqma. Qqalebi nakleb arian darwmunebuli gamarjvebaSi.

damqiravebeli gadawyvetilebas sul ufro xSirad iRebs muSakis dasakavebel Tanamdebobis miseul xatTan Sesabamisobis safuZvelze. es xati ki ufro xSirad mamakacuria.

Ddasaqmeba maskulinuri xasiaTisaa, xazs usvavs SejibrobiTobis, riskze wasvlis, gadawyvetilebis swrafad miRebis da sakuTari Tavis reklamirebis aucileblobas. qalebi dgebian dilemis winaSe an moiqcnen rogorc mamakaciebi miaRwion warmatebas mowonebis dakargvis xarjze an moiqcnen qalurad, naklebs miaRwion magram iqnen mowonebuli.

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vertikaluri segregaciis mizezebi gagrZeleba

• TanamSromelTa dawinaurebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebi ZiriTadadAaraformalur viTarebaSi, mag.sufraze miiReba, rasac qalebi rogorc wesi naklebad eswrebian.

• unarebis ar qona. Mmonacemebi urazrovania, radgan saqarTveloSi qalebis ufro did wils aqvs umaRlesi ganaTleba, Tumca xSirad naklebi gamocdileba aqvT karieraSi ojaxis moTxovnebiT gamowveuli wyvetis gamo. liderobaSi ar gamovlinda kacebis upiratesoba qalebze, magram dasdasturda gansxvavebuli liderobis stilis arseboba qalebTan (ufor demokratiuli) da kacebTan (ufro avtoritaruli).

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Ggansxvaveba SemosavalSiSemosavali mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs qalis

damoukideblobas. SemosavalSi gansxvaveba genderuli Tanasworobis erTerT ZiriTad indikators warmoadgens.

gansxvaveba SemosavalSi arsebobs.

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Ggansxvaveba SemosavalSiqalis Semosavalis wili kacis SemosavalTan mimarTebaSi

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

sul saxelmwifo seqtorSi

kerZo seqtorSi

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Ggansxvaveba SemosavalSi90-ian wlebSi gansxvaveba mcire iyo-qalebis

Semosavali mamkacebis Semosavalis 75%-s Seadgenda. Semdgom wlebSi gansxvaveba gaizarda da man isev daiwyo dakleba 2007 wlidan. 2009 kerZo seqtorSi qals kacis Semosavalis 70.3%, xolo saxelmwifo seqtorSi 49.9% qonda. Ees miuTiTebs kerZo seqtoris Sedegebze ufro met orientaciaze.

gansxvavebis mizezebi: horizontaluri da vertikaluri segregacia