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La Biblia hebrea en la literatura

BARCINO MONOGRAPHICA ORIENTALIA

Volume 5 2015

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Institut del Pròxim Orient Antic (IPOA)

Facultat de Filologia Universitat de Barcelona

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La Biblia hebrea en la literatura Guía temática y bibliográfica

Gregorio del Olmo Lete

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University of Barcelona. Cataloging data

Olmo Lete, G. del La Bíblia hebrea en la literatura : guía temática y bibliográfica . – 2a ed. – (Barcino monographica orientalia; 5) ISBN 978-84-475-4230-7 I. Títol II. Col·lecció: Barcino monographica orientalia; 5 1. Bíblia. A.T. 2. Literatura hebraica 3. Bíblia com a obra literària 4. Influència literària 5. Literatura europea 6. Literatura americana 7. Bibliografies

Edited by: Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Studies (IPOA), Faculty of Philology, University of Barcelona Director: Adelina Millet Albà (University of Barcelona – IPOA) © Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona

Adolf Florensa, s/n 08028 Barcelona Tel.: 934 035 430 Fax: 934 035 531 www.publicacions.ub.edu comercial.edicions@ub.edu

Cover illustration Hebrew text of Genesis 1 and titles of the five Books of the Pentateuch or Torah. ISBN 978-84-475-4230-7 Legal deposit number B-23.288-2015 Printed by Gráficas Rey

The reproduction of all or part of this work is strictly prohibited without the express consent of the publisher. No part of this publication, including the design cover, may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or used in any way or system without prior and written permission of the publisher.

Índice

Abreviaturas ............................................................................................................................... 23

Introducción: el estado de la cuestión ............................................................................ 25

GUÍA TEMÁTICA ........................................................................................................................... 29

El estudio literario de la Biblia hebrea ............................................................................ 311. Génesis y configuración de la Biblia hebrea .......................................................................... 312. Estructura de la Biblia hebrea como obra literaria y como ‘canon’ ................................... 323. El estudio literario de la Biblia ................................................................................................ 344. La visión ‘pragmática’ e intertextual de la Biblia hebrea ..................................................... 36

La biblia hebrea como literatura ......................................................................................... 391. Temas y arquetipos ................................................................................................................... 392. La representación medieval .................................................................................................... 413. La recreación moderna ............................................................................................................ 42

Ciclo prehistórico (gen 1-11) ................................................................................................ 45

Ciclo protohistórico (gen 12-50) ........................................................................................ 49

Ciclo épico normativo (ex-jos) ............................................................................................. 51

Ciclo heroico de las primeras tradiciones nacionales (juec-1 rey) ......................... 53

Crónica histórica (1-2 rey, 1-2 cro, esd-neh, mac) y «midrash» parahistórico .... 55

Ciclo profético .......................................................................................................................... 57

Ciclo sapiencial ......................................................................................................................... 59

GUÍA BIBLIOGRÁFICA ................................................................................................................ 63

1. Bibliografía general................................................................................................. 65 1.1. Crítica y metodología literaria general y comparada (selección) ............................ 65 1.2. Introducción a la crítica literaria de la Biblia .............................................................. 66 1.3. La Biblia como literatura ............................................................................................... 68 1.3.1. Obras generales .............................................................................................................. 68 1.3.2. La narrativa bíblica ......................................................................................................... 72 1.3.3. La poética y dramática bíblicas ..................................................................................... 73 1.4. La representación de la Biblia hebrea en el medievo ................................................ 75 1.4.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 75

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1.4.2. Literatura inglesa e irlandesa ......................................................................................... 77 1.4.2.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 77 1.4.2.2. Autores y obras anónimas ............................................................................................... 80 Ælfric ................................................................................................................................................................................... 80

Ancrene Wisse / Riwle .......................................................................................................................................................... 80

Battle of Maldon (The), Poem ............................................................................................................................................. 80

Beowulf .................................................................................................................................................................................. 80

Caedmon’s Hymn ................................................................................................................................................................. 81

Castle of Perseverance (The), Wisdom, Mankind .............................................................................................................. 81

Chaucer, Geoffrey .................................................................................................................................................................. 81

Christ and Satan ................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Cleaness, Old English Poem ............................................................................................................................................... 82

Develis Parlament, The ........................................................................................................................................................ 82

Eclogae Tractatorum in Psalterium ..................................................................................................................................... 82

Genesis A/B .......................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Geoffrey of Monmouth ........................................................................................................................................................ 83

Gesta Herwardi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 83

Gower, John ........................................................................................................................................................................... 83

Guthlac, Old English Poem ................................................................................................................................................. 83

Hadrian of Canterbury .......................................................................................................................................................... 83

Julian of Norwich .................................................................................................................................................................. 83

Love (Luff), Nicholas............................................................................................................................................................ 83

Malory, Thomas .................................................................................................................................................................... 83

Mistery/Everyman Plays ....................................................................................................................................................... 84

Pe(a)cock, Reginal ................................................................................................................................................................ 84

Phoenix, The (Old English Poem) ....................................................................................................................................... 84

Piers Plowman / W. Langland .............................................................................................................................................. 84

Pistel of Swete Sussan, The ................................................................................................................................................. 84

Ralph of Beauvais ................................................................................................................................................................. 84

Sawles Warde ........................................................................................................................................................................ 84

Scottus, John (Eriugena) ...................................................................................................................................................... 85

Sir Orfeo ................................................................................................................................................................................ 85

Stonyhurst Pageants, The .................................................................................................................................................... 85

Trevisa, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 85

Wicliff(e), John ...................................................................................................................................................................... 85

1.4.3. Literatura española ......................................................................................................... 85 1.4.3.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 85 1.4.3.2. Autores y obras anónimas ............................................................................................... 87 Alfonso X ............................................................................................................................................................................... 87

Autos Viejos, Códice de ....................................................................................................................................................... 87

Berceo, Gonzalo de .............................................................................................................................................................. 87

Biblia de Ajuda ...................................................................................................................................................................... 87

Biblia de Alba (M. Arragel)................................................................................................................................................... 87

Cancionero ............................................................................................................................................................................ 88

Cantar del Mío Cid ................................................................................................................................................................ 88

Corral, Pedro del ................................................................................................................................................................... 88

Encina, Juan del .................................................................................................................................................................... 88

Destrucción de Jerusalén, La ............................................................................................................................................... 88

Fazienda de Ultra Mar, La .................................................................................................................................................... 88

García de Salazar, Lope ........................................................................................................................................................ 88

Gómez Manrique .................................................................................................................................................................. 88

Libro de Alexandre ................................................................................................................................................................ 88

Libro de Apolonio ................................................................................................................................................................. 89

Manrique, Jorge .................................................................................................................................................................... 89

Martínez de Toledo, Alfonso (Arcipreste de Talavera) ....................................................................................................... 89

Miseria de Omne .................................................................................................................................................................. 89

Poema de Fernán González ................................................................................................................................................. 89

Rojas, Fernando de ............................................................................................................................................................... 89

Romancero ............................................................................................................................................................................ 89

Ruiz, Juan (Arcipreste de Hita) ............................................................................................................................................ 89

Vida de Barlaam y Josafat .................................................................................................................................................... 89

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1.4.4. Literatura francesa .......................................................................................................... 90 1.4.4.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 90 1.4.4.2. Autores y obras anónimas ............................................................................................... 91 Advocacie nostre dame ........................................................................................................................................................ 91

Arturo, Ciclo de ..................................................................................................................................................................... 92

Bernard, Saint ....................................................................................................................................................................... 92

Boron, Robert de ................................................................................................................................................................... 92

Bozon, Nicole........................................................................................................................................................................ 92

Chanson de (geste) Roland ................................................................................................................................................. 92

Charité, Macé de la ............................................................................................................................................................... 92

Coinci, Gautier de ................................................................................................................................................................. 92

D’Amerval, Eloy..................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Desmoulins, Guyart ............................................................................................................................................................. 93

Digulleville, Guillaume de .................................................................................................................................................... 93

Gerson, Jean .......................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Gréban, Arnoud .................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Haimo (d’Auxerre) ................................................................................................................................................................ 93

Jeu d’Adam, Le ...................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Lavardin (Tours, Le Mans), Hildebert de ............................................................................................................................ 93

Le Laie Bible .......................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Lisle, Rogier Chastelain de ................................................................................................................................................... 93

Maulkaraume, Jean ............................................................................................................................................................... 94

Mistére du Viel Testament, Le ............................................................................................................................................. 94

Navarre, Marguerite de ........................................................................................................................................................ 94

Pizan, Christine de ................................................................................................................................................................ 94

Porete, Marguerite ................................................................................................................................................................ 94

Provins, Guiot de .................................................................................................................................................................. 94

Roman de Rou ...................................................................................................................................................................... 94

Rutebeuf, Théophile de ........................................................................................................................................................ 94

Soissons, Odo de ................................................................................................................................................................. 95

Théodulf (d’Orléans) ............................................................................................................................................................ 95

Valenciennes, Herman de .................................................................................................................................................... 95

1.4.5. Literatura alemana .......................................................................................................... 95 1.4.5.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 95 1.4.5.2. Autores y obras anónimas ............................................................................................... 96 Aue, Hartrman von ............................................................................................................................................................... 96

Bingen, Hildegard von ......................................................................................................................................................... 96

Beheim, Michel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 96

Pottenstein, Ulrich von ......................................................................................................................................................... 96

Sachsenspiegel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 96

Schönebeck, Brun von .......................................................................................................................................................... 96

Strassburg, Gottfried von ..................................................................................................................................................... 96

Theophilus ............................................................................................................................................................................. 96

Vogelweide, Walther von der ................................................................................................................................................ 96

Wittenwiler, Heinrich ............................................................................................................................................................ 96

1.4.6. Literatura italiana ............................................................................................................ 97 1.4.6.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 97 1.4.6.2. Autores ............................................................................................................................. 97 Alighieri, Dante ..................................................................................................................................................................... 97

Padova, Marsilio da .............................................................................................................................................................. 98

Petrarca .................................................................................................................................................................................. 98

1.4.7. Otras literaturas .............................................................................................................. 98 1.4.7.1. Literatura árabe ............................................................................................................... 98 1.4.7.2. Literatura catalana ......................................................................................................... 98 1.4.7.3. Literaturas córnica y gaélica ........................................................................................... 99 1.4.7.4. Literaturas eslavas ........................................................................................................... 99 1.4.7.5. Literaturas flamenca y holandesa ................................................................................... 99

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1.4.7.6. Literatura gallega y portuguesa ...................................................................................... 99 1.4.7.7. Literatura hebrea ............................................................................................................. 99 1.4.7.8. Literatura judeo-persa ..................................................................................................... 99 1.4.7.9. Literatura tardo-cristiana ................................................................................................ 99 1.5. Presencia de la Biblia hebrea en la literatura contemporánea ................................. 100 1.5.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 100 1.5.2. Literatura inglesa ............................................................................................................ 104 1.5.2.1. Reino Unido e Irlanda ..................................................................................................... 104 1.5.2.1.1. General .................................................................................................................................................. 104

1.5.2.1.2. Autores .................................................................................................................................................. 111 Aguilar, Grace ........................................................................................................................................................................ 111

Arnold, Matthew ................................................................................................................................................................... 111

Askew, Anne .......................................................................................................................................................................... 111

Atwood, Margaret ................................................................................................................................................................. 111

Austen, Jane .......................................................................................................................................................................... 111

Bacon, Francis ....................................................................................................................................................................... 111

Bale, John .............................................................................................................................................................................. 111

Barker, Howard ..................................................................................................................................................................... 112

Barrow, George P. ................................................................................................................................................................. 112

Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent .................................................................................................................................................... 112

Beckett, Samuel .................................................................................................................................................................... 112

Blackmore, Richard ............................................................................................................................................................... 112

Blake, William........................................................................................................................................................................ 112

Brontë, Anne/Charlotte ........................................................................................................................................................ 113

Browning, Robert .................................................................................................................................................................. 114

Buchanan, George ................................................................................................................................................................ 114

Bunyan, John ......................................................................................................................................................................... 114

Butler, Samuel ....................................................................................................................................................................... 114

Byron, Lord (George Gordon) ............................................................................................................................................. 115

Carlyle, Thomas .................................................................................................................................................................... 115

Carter, Angela ........................................................................................................................................................................ 115

Chapman, George ................................................................................................................................................................ 115

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor ...................................................................................................................................................... 115

Chesterton, Gilbert Keith...................................................................................................................................................... 115

Collins, An ............................................................................................................................................................................. 116

Conrad, Joseph...................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Cotton, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Cowper, William .................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Crashaw, Richard .................................................................................................................................................................. 116

Defoe, Daniel ........................................................................................................................................................................ 116

Dekker, Thomas .................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Denis, John ............................................................................................................................................................................ 116

De Quincey, Thomas ............................................................................................................................................................ 116

Dickens, Charles ................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Donne, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Dryden, John ......................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Du Murier, George Louis ..................................................................................................................................................... 117

Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans) .......................................................................................................................................... 117

Eliot, Thomas Stearns .......................................................................................................................................................... 117

Elyot, Thomas ....................................................................................................................................................................... 118

Equiano, Olaudah ................................................................................................................................................................. 118

Farrar, Frederic W. ................................................................................................................................................................. 118

Field, Nathaniel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 118

Fielding, Henry ...................................................................................................................................................................... 118

Fielding, Sarah ...................................................................................................................................................................... 118

Fletcher (the Brothers) ......................................................................................................................................................... 118

Fowles, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 118

Foote, George William .......................................................................................................................................................... 118

Foster, Edward Morgan ........................................................................................................................................................ 118

Fox, George ........................................................................................................................................................................... 119

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Fuller, Thomas ....................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Gaskell, Elisabeth .................................................................................................................................................................. 119

Golding, William ................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Graves, Robert ...................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Gray, Thomas ........................................................................................................................................................................ 119

Hakluyt, Richard.................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Hall, Radclyffe ....................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Hardy, Thomas...................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Hazlitt, William ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Hemans, Felicia .................................................................................................................................................................... 120

Herbert, George .................................................................................................................................................................... 120

Hopkins, Gerard Manley ...................................................................................................................................................... 120

Hughes, Ted .......................................................................................................................................................................... 120

Hulme, Keri (Nueva Zelanda) ............................................................................................................................................. 120

Jacobson, Howard ................................................................................................................................................................ 120

Jensen, Liz ............................................................................................................................................................................. 120

Johnson, Cicely...................................................................................................................................................................... 120

Jones, David .......................................................................................................................................................................... 120

Jones, William ....................................................................................................................................................................... 121

Jonson, Ben(jamin) .............................................................................................................................................................. 121

Joyce, James .......................................................................................................................................................................... 121

Keats, John ............................................................................................................................................................................ 121

Kingsley, Charles ................................................................................................................................................................... 121

Kipling, Rudyard .................................................................................................................................................................... 121

Lanyer, Aemilia ...................................................................................................................................................................... 121

Lawrence, David Herbert Richards...................................................................................................................................... 121

Lewis, Clive Staples .............................................................................................................................................................. 122

Lindsay, David ....................................................................................................................................................................... 122

Lowry, Malcolm ..................................................................................................................................................................... 122

Macaulay, Thomas Babington ............................................................................................................................................. 122

Macdonald, George .............................................................................................................................................................. 122

Marlowe, Christopher ........................................................................................................................................................... 122

Marston, John ....................................................................................................................................................................... 122

Martin, Gregory..................................................................................................................................................................... 122

Marvell, Andrew .................................................................................................................................................................... 123

Massinger, Philip .................................................................................................................................................................. 123

McEwan, Ian.......................................................................................................................................................................... 123

Meredith, George .................................................................................................................................................................. 123

Mill, J. Stuart ......................................................................................................................................................................... 123

Milton, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 123

More, Hannah ....................................................................................................................................................................... 125

More, Thomas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Morris, William ..................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Muir, Edwin ........................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Newman, John Henry ........................................................................................................................................................... 125

Nissim, Ezekiel...................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Owen, Wilfred ....................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Pullman, Philip ...................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Quarles, Francis .................................................................................................................................................................... 126

Rhys, Jean (Ella Gwendolen Rees Williams) ....................................................................................................................... 126

Richardson, Samuel.............................................................................................................................................................. 126

Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of ........................................................................................................................................... 126

Rossetti, Christina Georgina ................................................................................................................................................ 126

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel ........................................................................................................................................................ 126

Rushdie, Salman ................................................................................................................................................................... 126

Ruskin, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 126

Schreiner, Olive ..................................................................................................................................................................... 126

Scott, Walter .......................................................................................................................................................................... 127

Shakespeare, William ........................................................................................................................................................... 127

Shaw, George Bernard .......................................................................................................................................................... 128

Shelley, Mary ......................................................................................................................................................................... 129

Shelley, Percy Bysshe ............................................................................................................................................................ 129

Sherwood, Mary Martha ...................................................................................................................................................... 129

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Sidney, Mary Herbert ............................................................................................................................................................ 129

Sidney, Phillip ........................................................................................................................................................................ 129

Sinclair, Catherine ................................................................................................................................................................. 129

Smart, Christopher ............................................................................................................................................................... 129

Spark, Muriel ......................................................................................................................................................................... 129

Spenser, Edmund ................................................................................................................................................................. 129

Sterne, Lawrence ................................................................................................................................................................... 130

Stevenson, Robert Louis ...................................................................................................................................................... 130

Swift, Jonathan ...................................................................................................................................................................... 130

Taverner, Richard .................................................................................................................................................................. 130

Taylor, Edward ....................................................................................................................................................................... 130

Taylor, Jeremy ........................................................................................................................................................................ 130

Tennyson, Alfred Lord .......................................................................................................................................................... 130

Thackeray, William Makepeace ............................................................................................................................................ 130

Thomas, Dylan ...................................................................................................................................................................... 130

Thoreau, Henry David .......................................................................................................................................................... 130

Thurgood, Rose .................................................................................................................................................................... 130

Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel .................................................................................................................................................. 130

Tyndale, William .................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Vaughan, Henry .................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Warner, Marina...................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Watson, Sheila....................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Watson, Thomas ................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Wesley, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Webster, John ........................................................................................................................................................................ 132

Whately, Richard ................................................................................................................................................................... 132

Wilde, Oscar .......................................................................................................................................................................... 132

Williams, Roger ..................................................................................................................................................................... 132

Winterson, Jeanette .............................................................................................................................................................. 132

Whiston, William .................................................................................................................................................................. 132

Wollstonecraft, Mary............................................................................................................................................................. 132

Wordsworth, William ............................................................................................................................................................ 132

Yeats, William Butler............................................................................................................................................................. 132

Yonge, Charlotte Mary .......................................................................................................................................................... 133

1.5.2.2. Estados Unidos de América y Canadá ............................................................................ 133 1.5.2.2.1. General .................................................................................................................................................. 133

1.5.2.2.2. Autores .................................................................................................................................................. 137 Adams, Thomas .................................................................................................................................................................... 137

Anderson, Maxwell ............................................................................................................................................................... 137

Asch, Sholem ........................................................................................................................................................................ 137

Atwoot, Margaret .................................................................................................................................................................. 137

Baldwin, James...................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Barnes, Djuna ....................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Beecher, Henry Ward ............................................................................................................................................................ 138

Bellow, Saul ........................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Bradtreet, Anne ..................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Broner, Esther M. .................................................................................................................................................................. 138

Broughton, Virginia .............................................................................................................................................................. 138

Butler, Octavia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Cable, George W.................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Campbell, Alexander ............................................................................................................................................................. 138

Cather, Willa .......................................................................................................................................................................... 138

Clifton, Lucille ....................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Cooper, James Fenimore ...................................................................................................................................................... 139

Crane, Stephen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Cullen, Countee..................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Darnielle, John ...................................................................................................................................................................... 139

De Vries, Peter ...................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Dickinson, Emily ................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Doctorow, Edgard Lawrence ................................................................................................................................................ 139

Douglass, Frederick .............................................................................................................................................................. 139

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt ................................................................................................................................... 140

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Dunbar, Paul Laurence ......................................................................................................................................................... 140

Dwight, Timothy ................................................................................................................................................................... 140

Edgerton, Clyde ..................................................................................................................................................................... 140

Edwards, Jonathan ................................................................................................................................................................ 140

Emerson, Ralph Waldo ......................................................................................................................................................... 140

Faulkner, William ................................................................................................................................................................... 140

Fauset, Jessie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 140

Frederick, Harold Henry ....................................................................................................................................................... 141

Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins .................................................................................................................................................... 141

Frost, Robert .......................................................................................................................................................................... 141

Gibbons, James..................................................................................................................................................................... 141

Goyen, William ...................................................................................................................................................................... 141

Hammon, Jupiter .................................................................................................................................................................. 141

Hawthorne, Nathaniel .......................................................................................................................................................... 141

Hemingway, Ernst ................................................................................................................................................................. 141

Hopkinson, Francis............................................................................................................................................................... 142

Hurston, Zora Neale ............................................................................................................................................................ 142

Irving, John ............................................................................................................................................................................ 142

James, Henry ......................................................................................................................................................................... 142

Jeffers, Robinson ................................................................................................................................................................... 142

Jewett, Sara Orne .................................................................................................................................................................. 142

Kenan, Randall ...................................................................................................................................................................... 142

Kerouac, Jack ......................................................................................................................................................................... 142

Kingsolver, Barbara ............................................................................................................................................................... 142

Larsen, Nella ......................................................................................................................................................................... 143

Laurence, Margaret .............................................................................................................................................................. 143

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth ............................................................................................................................................. 143

Lovecraft, Howard Philips .................................................................................................................................................... 144

Lowell, James Rusell ............................................................................................................................................................. 144

Macleish, Archibald .............................................................................................................................................................. 144

Maine, David ......................................................................................................................................................................... 144

Malamud, Bernard................................................................................................................................................................ 144

Mann, Jeff .............................................................................................................................................................................. 144

Marnet, David ....................................................................................................................................................................... 144

Martínez, Demetria .............................................................................................................................................................. 144

Mather, John Cotton ............................................................................................................................................................. 144

McCarthy, Cormac ................................................................................................................................................................ 145

McNally, Terence ................................................................................................................................................................... 145

Melville, Herman .................................................................................................................................................................. 146

Merton, Thomas ................................................................................................................................................................... 146

Morrison, Toni (Chloe Anthony Wofford) ........................................................................................................................... 146

Munro, Alice .......................................................................................................................................................................... 147

Naylor, Gloria ........................................................................................................................................................................ 147

Norman, Marsha .................................................................................................................................................................. 147

Oates, Joyce Carol ................................................................................................................................................................. 147

O’Connor, Flannery ............................................................................................................................................................... 147

O’Neill, Eugene ..................................................................................................................................................................... 148

Ozick, Cynthia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 148

Paine, Thomas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 148

Percy, Walker.......................................................................................................................................................................... 148

Plath, Sylvia ........................................................................................................................................................................... 148

Poe, Edgard Allan ................................................................................................................................................................. 148

Pope, Alexander .................................................................................................................................................................... 148

Pynchon, Thomas ................................................................................................................................................................. 148

Rash, Ron .............................................................................................................................................................................. 149

Reynolds, Sheri ..................................................................................................................................................................... 149

Roberts, Elisabeth Madox .................................................................................................................................................... 149

Robinson, Edwin Arlington .................................................................................................................................................. 149

Robinson, Marilynne ............................................................................................................................................................ 149

Rowlandson, Mary ................................................................................................................................................................ 149

Salinger, Jerome David ......................................................................................................................................................... 149

Sandburg, Carl ...................................................................................................................................................................... 149

Singer, Isaac Bashebis .......................................................................................................................................................... 149

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Smith, Joseph ........................................................................................................................................................................ 149

Smith, Lee ............................................................................................................................................................................. 149

Stanton, Elisabeth Cady ....................................................................................................................................................... 149

Steinbeck, John ..................................................................................................................................................................... 150

Stevens, Wallace ................................................................................................................................................................... 150

Stewart, Maria ....................................................................................................................................................................... 150

Stowe, Harriet Beecher......................................................................................................................................................... 150

Strauss, Leo ........................................................................................................................................................................... 150

Styron, William ...................................................................................................................................................................... 150

Thoreau, Henry David .......................................................................................................................................................... 150

Toole, John Kennedy ............................................................................................................................................................. 150

Twain, Mark ........................................................................................................................................................................... 151

Updike, John .......................................................................................................................................................................... 151

Van Itallie, Jean-Claude ......................................................................................................................................................... 151

Warren, Robert Penn ............................................................................................................................................................ 151

Webster, John ........................................................................................................................................................................ 151

Webster, Noah....................................................................................................................................................................... 151

Whitman, Walt ...................................................................................................................................................................... 151

Whittier, James Greenleaf .................................................................................................................................................... 151

Wiesel, Elie ............................................................................................................................................................................ 151

Wright, Richard ..................................................................................................................................................................... 152

1.5.3. Literatura española ......................................................................................................... 152 1.5.3.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 152 1.5.3.2. Autores ................................................................................................................................................. 155 Alas, Leopoldo (Clarín) ........................................................................................................................................................ 155

Aleixandre, Vicente ............................................................................................................................................................... 155

Alemán, Mateo ..................................................................................................................................................................... 155

Arias Montano, Benito ......................................................................................................................................................... 155

Ávila, Juan de ........................................................................................................................................................................ 155

Barrios, Miguel de ................................................................................................................................................................ 156

Benet, Juan ............................................................................................................................................................................ 156

Brines, Francisco ................................................................................................................................................................... 156

Buero Vallejo, Antonio .......................................................................................................................................................... 156

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro ................................................................................................................................................. 156

Castillo Solórzano, Alonso de .............................................................................................................................................. 157

Celaya, Gabriel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 157

Cervantes, Miguel de ............................................................................................................................................................ 157

Cubillo de Aragón, Álvaro .................................................................................................................................................... 158

Delibes, Miguel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 158

Enríquez Gómez, Antonio ................................................................................................................................................... 158

Estella, Diego de ................................................................................................................................................................... 158

Felipe, León ........................................................................................................................................................................... 158

Giménez Caballero, Ernesto ................................................................................................................................................ 158

Godínez, Felipe ..................................................................................................................................................................... 158

Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis ........................................................................................................................................ 159

González de Eslava, Fernán ................................................................................................................................................. 159

Gracián, Baltasar ................................................................................................................................................................... 159

Granada, Luis de ................................................................................................................................................................... 159

Herrera, Fernando de ........................................................................................................................................................... 159

Hidalgo, José Luis ................................................................................................................................................................. 159

Hierro, José ........................................................................................................................................................................... 159

Jiménez, Juan Ramón ........................................................................................................................................................... 159

Jiménez Lozano, José ........................................................................................................................................................... 160

Juan de la Cruz, san .............................................................................................................................................................. 160

Lazarillo de Tormes .............................................................................................................................................................. 160

León, Luis de ......................................................................................................................................................................... 160

Lope de Vega, Félix ............................................................................................................................................................... 161

López de Sedano, Juan José ................................................................................................................................................ 161

Lozano Montesinos, Cristóbal ............................................................................................................................................. 162

Machado, Antonio ................................................................................................................................................................ 162

Márquez, Juan ....................................................................................................................................................................... 162

Martín Garzo, Gustavo ........................................................................................................................................................ 162

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Martínez Sierra, María (M.O. Lejárraga García) ................................................................................................................ 162

Mira de Amezcua, Antonio .................................................................................................................................................. 162

Miró, Gabriel ......................................................................................................................................................................... 162

Molina, Tirso de .................................................................................................................................................................... 162

Montemayor, Jorge de .......................................................................................................................................................... 163

Moreto, Agustín .................................................................................................................................................................... 163

Ortiz, Lourdes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 163

Otero, Blas de ....................................................................................................................................................................... 163

Pacheco, León ....................................................................................................................................................................... 163

Pardo Bazán, Emilia ............................................................................................................................................................. 163

Pérez de Ayala, Ramón ......................................................................................................................................................... 163

Quevedo, Francisco de ......................................................................................................................................................... 164

Quiroga, Elena ...................................................................................................................................................................... 164

Rojas Zorrilla, Francisco de .................................................................................................................................................. 164

Sahagún, Carlos .................................................................................................................................................................... 164

Salinas, Pedro ....................................................................................................................................................................... 164

Sepúlveda, Ginés de ............................................................................................................................................................. 165

Solórzano Fernández, Carlos ............................................................................................................................................... 165

Unamuno, Miguel de ........................................................................................................................................................... 165

Valdivielso, José de ............................................................................................................................................................... 165

Valente, José Ángel ............................................................................................................................................................... 165

Valera, Juan ............................................................................................................................................................................ 165

Valle-Inclán, Ramón de ......................................................................................................................................................... 165

Vargas, Manuel Antonio ....................................................................................................................................................... 165

Vicent, Manuel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 165

Vitoria, Francisco de ............................................................................................................................................................. 166

1.5.4. Literatura hispanoamericana ......................................................................................... 166 1.5.4.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 166 1.5.4.2. Autores ............................................................................................................................. 168 Acevedo Hernández, Antonio .............................................................................................................................................. 168

Acosta, José de ...................................................................................................................................................................... 168

Agustini, Delmira .................................................................................................................................................................. 168

Alonso, Dora ......................................................................................................................................................................... 168

Arguedas, José María ........................................................................................................................................................... 168

Arijdis, Homero .................................................................................................................................................................... 168

Arlt, Roberto Emilio Gofredo ............................................................................................................................................... 168

Asturias, Miguel Ángel ......................................................................................................................................................... 168

Avendaño, Fernando de ....................................................................................................................................................... 168

Ávila, Francisco ..................................................................................................................................................................... 169

Ayala, Felipe Guamán Poma de ........................................................................................................................................... 169

Borges, Jorge Luis ................................................................................................................................................................. 169

Cardenal, Ernesto.................................................................................................................................................................. 169

Cariola, Carlos ....................................................................................................................................................................... 169

Carpentier, Alejo .................................................................................................................................................................... 169

Castillo, Abelardo .................................................................................................................................................................. 169

Certad, Aquiles ...................................................................................................................................................................... 169

Clavijero, Francisco Javier .................................................................................................................................................... 170

Colón, Cristóbal..................................................................................................................................................................... 170

Cortázar, Julio ........................................................................................................................................................................ 170

Cuadra, Fernando ................................................................................................................................................................. 170

Cuadra, Pablo Antonio ......................................................................................................................................................... 170

Chalbaud, Román ................................................................................................................................................................. 170

Dalton, Roque ....................................................................................................................................................................... 170

Darío, Rubén ......................................................................................................................................................................... 171

Díaz del Castillo, Bernal ....................................................................................................................................................... 171

Díaz Paz, César ..................................................................................................................................................................... 171

Diego, Eliseo ......................................................................................................................................................................... 171

Eichelbaum, Samuel ............................................................................................................................................................. 171

Espinosa, Germán ................................................................................................................................................................ 171

Espinosa Medrano, Juan de ................................................................................................................................................. 171

Estorino, Abelardo ................................................................................................................................................................ 171

Fernández Moreno, Baldomero .......................................................................................................................................... 172

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Fuentes, Carlos...................................................................................................................................................................... 172

Galván, Felipe ........................................................................................................................................................................ 172

Gamboa, José Joaquín .......................................................................................................................................................... 172

García, Gregorio ................................................................................................................................................................... 172

García Márquez, Gabriel ...................................................................................................................................................... 172

García Velloso, Enrique ........................................................................................................................................................ 172

Garrido Merino, Edgardo ..................................................................................................................................................... 172

Gelman, Juan ........................................................................................................................................................................ 172

Gené, Juan Carlos ................................................................................................................................................................. 173

Ghiraldo, Alberto .................................................................................................................................................................. 173

Glickman, Gloria ................................................................................................................................................................... 173

González Castillo, José ......................................................................................................................................................... 173

González de Eslava, Fernán ................................................................................................................................................. 173

González Pacheco, Rodolfo ................................................................................................................................................. 173

Gorriti, Juana Manuela ......................................................................................................................................................... 173

Gorostiza, Celestino ............................................................................................................................................................. 173

Halac, Ricardo ....................................................................................................................................................................... 173

Hahn, Óscar .......................................................................................................................................................................... 174

Henríquez, Camilo ................................................................................................................................................................ 174

Ibarbourou, Juana (Fernández Morales) ............................................................................................................................ 174

Juana Inés de la Cruz, sor .................................................................................................................................................... 174

Las Casas, Bartolomé de ...................................................................................................................................................... 174

León Pinelo, Antonio de ....................................................................................................................................................... 174

Lezama Lima, José................................................................................................................................................................ 174

Licona, Alejandro .................................................................................................................................................................. 175

List Arzubide, Germán ......................................................................................................................................................... 175

López de Gómara, Francisco ............................................................................................................................................... 175

López Velarde, Ramón ......................................................................................................................................................... 175

Lugones, Leopoldo ............................................................................................................................................................... 175

Mallea, Eduardo .................................................................................................................................................................... 175

Mansilla de García, Eduarda ................................................................................................................................................ 175

Marechal, Leopoldo .............................................................................................................................................................. 175

Marqués, René ...................................................................................................................................................................... 175

Millán, José ............................................................................................................................................................................ 175

Mistral, Gabriela ................................................................................................................................................................... 176

Montaña, Antonio ................................................................................................................................................................ 176

Monteagudo, Bernardo de ................................................................................................................................................... 176

Nalé Roxlo, Conrado............................................................................................................................................................. 176

Neruda, Pablo ....................................................................................................................................................................... 176

Novo, Salvador ..................................................................................................................................................................... 176

Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar .............................................................................................................................................. 176

Onetti, Juan Carlos ............................................................................................................................................................... 176

Orozco, Olga ......................................................................................................................................................................... 176

Pacheco, José Emilio ............................................................................................................................................................ 177

Palacios, Pedro Bonifacio (Almafuerte) .............................................................................................................................. 177

Parra, Nicanor ....................................................................................................................................................................... 177

Paz, Octavio .......................................................................................................................................................................... 177

Pérez Quitt, Ricardo ............................................................................................................................................................. 177

Planchart, Julio ...................................................................................................................................................................... 177

Roa Bastos, Augusto ............................................................................................................................................................ 177

Roscio, Juan Germán ........................................................................................................................................................... 177

Rulfo, Juan ............................................................................................................................................................................. 177

Sábato, Ernesto ..................................................................................................................................................................... 178

Sáez, Joel ............................................................................................................................................................................... 178

Sahagún, Bernardino de....................................................................................................................................................... 178

Sánchez de Fuentes, Eugenio .............................................................................................................................................. 178

Sigüenza y Góngora, Carlos de ........................................................................................................................................... 178

Solís, Antonio de ................................................................................................................................................................... 178

Steiner, Ricardo ..................................................................................................................................................................... 178

Storni, Alfonsina ................................................................................................................................................................... 178

Teresa de Mier, José Servando ............................................................................................................................................. 178

Torquemada, Juan de ........................................................................................................................................................... 179

Uribe, Armando .................................................................................................................................................................... 179

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Vallejo, César ......................................................................................................................................................................... 179

Vallejo, Fernando .................................................................................................................................................................. 179

Vargas Llosa, Mario .............................................................................................................................................................. 179

Viscardo y Guzmán, Juan Pablo .......................................................................................................................................... 179

Yáñez, Agustín ....................................................................................................................................................................... 179

Zalamea, Jorge ...................................................................................................................................................................... 179

Zapata Olivella, Manuel ....................................................................................................................................................... 179

Zurita, Raúl ............................................................................................................................................................................ 180

1.5.5. Literatura francesa .......................................................................................................... 180 1.5.5.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 180 1.5.5.2. Autores ............................................................................................................................. 181 Apollinaire, Guillaume .......................................................................................................................................................... 181

Arouet, François Marie (Voltaire) ........................................................................................................................................ 181

Balzac, Honoré de ................................................................................................................................................................ 182

Barbeyrac, Jean...................................................................................................................................................................... 182

Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste du ........................................................................................................................................ 182

Baudelaire, Charles ............................................................................................................................................................... 182

Bellay, Joachim du ................................................................................................................................................................. 182

Bernanos, George ................................................................................................................................................................. 182

Bolsec, Jérôme ...................................................................................................................................................................... 182

Calvin, Jean ............................................................................................................................................................................ 182

Camus, Albert ....................................................................................................................................................................... 183

Ceppède, Jean de la .............................................................................................................................................................. 183

Césaire, Aimé Fernand David .............................................................................................................................................. 183

Challe, Robert ........................................................................................................................................................................ 183

Chartier, Alain ........................................................................................................................................................................ 183

Chernier, André ..................................................................................................................................................................... 183

Cixous, Hélène ...................................................................................................................................................................... 183

Claudel, Paul ......................................................................................................................................................................... 183

Cyrano de Bergerac, Hercule-Savinien de ........................................................................................................................... 184

D’Aubigné, Agrippa .............................................................................................................................................................. 184

Dolet, Étienne ....................................................................................................................................................................... 184

Drelincourt, Laurent ............................................................................................................................................................. 184

Flaubert, Gustave .................................................................................................................................................................. 184

Garnier, Robert ...................................................................................................................................................................... 184

Gide, André ........................................................................................................................................................................... 184

Guéroult, Guillaume ............................................................................................................................................................. 184

Hugo, Victor .......................................................................................................................................................................... 184

Jerusalem, Bible de ............................................................................................................................................................... 184

Jonquet, Thierry ..................................................................................................................................................................... 185

Jouve, Pierre-Jean .................................................................................................................................................................. 185

Lamartine, Alphonse de ....................................................................................................................................................... 185

La Peyrère, Isaac ................................................................................................................................................................... 185

Le Cène, Charles ................................................................................................................................................................... 185

Le Fèvre de la Bodeire, Guy ................................................................................................................................................. 185

Le Maistre de Sacy, Louis-Isaac ........................................................................................................................................... 185

Lesage, Alain René ................................................................................................................................................................ 185

Lévinas, Emmanuel .............................................................................................................................................................. 185

Maréchal, Sylvain .................................................................................................................................................................. 185

Maritain, Raïssa .................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Maeterlinck, Maurice ............................................................................................................................................................ 186

Maillet, Antonine .................................................................................................................................................................. 186

Pascal, Blaise ......................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Péguy, Charles ....................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Petit, Jacques ......................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Poussin, Nicolas ................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Prévert, Jacques .................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Proust, Marcel ....................................................................................................................................................................... 186

Rabelais, François ................................................................................................................................................................. 187

Ray, Jean ................................................................................................................................................................................ 187

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques ....................................................................................................................................................... 187

Saint-John Perse (Marie-René-Auguste-Alexis Leger) ........................................................................................................ 187

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Sand, George (Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin) ................................................................................................................ 187

Scève, Maurice ...................................................................................................................................................................... 187

Sponde, Jean de .................................................................................................................................................................... 187

Tournier, Michel .................................................................................................................................................................... 188

Vigny, Alfred de ..................................................................................................................................................................... 188

Villiers de L’Isle-Adam, Auguste .......................................................................................................................................... 188

Zola, Émile ............................................................................................................................................................................ 188

1.5.6. Literatura alemana .......................................................................................................... 188 1.5.6.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 188 1.5.6.2. Autores ............................................................................................................................. 190 Aichinger, Ilse ....................................................................................................................................................................... 190

Arndt, Johann ........................................................................................................................................................................ 190

Aue, Hartmann von .............................................................................................................................................................. 190

Ausländer, Rose .................................................................................................................................................................... 190

Bachmann, Ingeborg ............................................................................................................................................................ 190

Brecht, Bertold ...................................................................................................................................................................... 190

Brockes, Barthold Heinrich .................................................................................................................................................. 191

Büchner, Georg ..................................................................................................................................................................... 191

Busta, Christine..................................................................................................................................................................... 191

Canetti, Elias .......................................................................................................................................................................... 191

Celan, Paul ............................................................................................................................................................................. 191

Droste-Hülshoff, Annette von ............................................................................................................................................. 191

Emser, Jerome ....................................................................................................................................................................... 191

Feuchtwanger, Lion ............................................................................................................................................................... 191

Fontane, Theodor ................................................................................................................................................................. 192

Georges, Stefan..................................................................................................................................................................... 192

Gerhardt, Paul ....................................................................................................................................................................... 192

Goering, Reinhard ................................................................................................................................................................ 192

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang .................................................................................................................................................... 192

Grimm, Hans ........................................................................................................................................................................ 192

Grimmelshausen, Hans Jacob Christoph von ................................................................................................................... 192

Hamann, Joahann Georg ..................................................................................................................................................... 192

Hebel, Johann Peter ............................................................................................................................................................. 193

Heine, Heinrich .................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Haller, Heinrich ..................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Hofmanns, Gert .................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Hoyer, Anna ........................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Hübner, Johann ..................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Huchel, Peter ........................................................................................................................................................................ 193

Jelinek, Elfriede ...................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Johnson, Uwe ........................................................................................................................................................................ 193

Kafka, Franz ........................................................................................................................................................................... 193

Kant, Immanuel .................................................................................................................................................................... 194

Kleist, Heinrich von .............................................................................................................................................................. 194

Lasker-Schüler, Else .............................................................................................................................................................. 194

Lavant, Christine ................................................................................................................................................................... 194

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim .................................................................................................................................................. 194

Lewitscharoff, Sibylle ............................................................................................................................................................ 194

Luther, Martin ....................................................................................................................................................................... 194

Mann, Thomas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 196

May, Karl ................................................................................................................................................................................ 197

Meister, Ernst ........................................................................................................................................................................ 197

Nietzsche, Friedrich .............................................................................................................................................................. 197

Novalis (G.F.Ph. von Hardenberg) ..................................................................................................................................... 197

Rilke, Rainer Maria ................................................................................................................................................................ 197

Rischplers, Susanne ............................................................................................................................................................. 197

Rosenzweig, Franz ................................................................................................................................................................ 197

Sachs, Hans .......................................................................................................................................................................... 197

Sachs, Nelly ........................................................................................................................................................................... 198

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph .................................................................................................................................... 198

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob .................................................................................................................................................... 198

Schiller, Friedrich von ........................................................................................................................................................... 198

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Schmidt, Arno ....................................................................................................................................................................... 198

Tabori, George ....................................................................................................................................................................... 198

Trakl, Georg ........................................................................................................................................................................... 198

Wieland, Christoph Martin .................................................................................................................................................. 198

1.5.7. Literatura italiana ............................................................................................................ 198 1.5.7.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 198 1.5.7.2. Autores ............................................................................................................................. 200 Alfieri, Vittorio ....................................................................................................................................................................... 200

Belli, Giuseppe Gioachino ................................................................................................................................................... 200

Calzabigi, Ranieri .................................................................................................................................................................. 200

D’Annunzio, Gabriele ........................................................................................................................................................... 200

Eco, Umberto ........................................................................................................................................................................ 200

Foscolo, Ugo ......................................................................................................................................................................... 200

Leopardi, Giacomo ............................................................................................................................................................... 200

Levi, Primo ............................................................................................................................................................................ 200

Machiavelli, Nicollò .............................................................................................................................................................. 201

Malvezzi, Virgilio .................................................................................................................................................................. 201

Mamiani, Terenzio ................................................................................................................................................................ 201

Manzoni, Alessandro ........................................................................................................................................................... 201

Metastasio, Pietro ................................................................................................................................................................. 201

Monti, Vincenzo ................................................................................................................................................................... 201

Parini, Giuseppe ................................................................................................................................................................... 201

Pascoli, Giovanni .................................................................................................................................................................. 201

Pirandello, Luigi .................................................................................................................................................................... 201

Polo, Marco ........................................................................................................................................................................... 201

Rimanelli, Giose .................................................................................................................................................................... 202

Silone, Ignazio (Secondo Tranquilli) ................................................................................................................................... 202

Tasso, Torcuato ..................................................................................................................................................................... 202

Trilussa (Carlo Alberto Camillo Mariano Salustri) ............................................................................................................. 202

Turoldo, David Maria ............................................................................................................................................................ 202

Ungaretti, Giuseppe ............................................................................................................................................................. 202

Valla, Lorenzo ........................................................................................................................................................................ 202

Villa, Emilio ........................................................................................................................................................................... 202

1.5.8. Literatura portuguesa y brasileña .................................................................................. 202 1.5.9. Literatura ladino/sefardí................................................................................................. 203 1.5.10. Otras literaturas .............................................................................................................. 204 1.5.10.1. Lenguas africanas ............................................................................................................ 204 1.5.10.2. Lenguas amerindias ........................................................................................................ 204 1.5.10.3. Literatura árabe ............................................................................................................... 204 1.5.10.4. Literatura armenia .......................................................................................................... 205 1.5.10.5. Literatura catalana ......................................................................................................... 205 1.5.10.6. Literatura china ............................................................................................................... 205 1.5.10.7. Literatura danesa ............................................................................................................ 205 1.5.10.8. Literatura escocesa .......................................................................................................... 206 1.5.10.9. Literaturas eslavas ........................................................................................................... 206 1.5.10.9.0. General .................................................................................................................................................. 206

1.5.10.9.1. Literatura búlgara ................................................................................................................................. 206

1.5.10.9.2. Literatura eslovena ............................................................................................................................... 206

1.5.10.9.3. Literatura polaca ................................................................................................................................... 207

1.5.10.9.4. Literatura rusa ...................................................................................................................................... 207

1.5.10.9.5. Literatura serbocroata .......................................................................................................................... 207

1.5.10.9.6. Literatura ucraniana ............................................................................................................................. 207

1.5.10.10. Literatura galesa/gaélica................................................................................................. 207 1.5.10.11. Literatura griega .............................................................................................................. 208 1.5.10.12. Literatura hebrea ............................................................................................................. 208

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1.5.10.13. Literatura holandesa ....................................................................................................... 208 1.5.10.14. Literatura húngara .......................................................................................................... 209 1.5.10.15. Literatura india ................................................................................................................ 209 1.5.10.16. Literatura japonesa ......................................................................................................... 209 1.5.10.17. Literatura keniata ............................................................................................................ 209 1.5.10.18. Literatura lituana ............................................................................................................ 209 1.5.10.19. Literatura maltesa ........................................................................................................... 210 1.5.10.20. Literatura persa ............................................................................................................... 210 1.5.10.21. Literatura rumana ........................................................................................................... 210 1.5.10.22. Literatura sueca ............................................................................................................... 210 1.5.10.23. Literatura turca ............................................................................................................... 210 1.5.10.24. Literatura en urdu ........................................................................................................... 210 1.5.10.25. Literatura en yiddish........................................................................................................ 210

2. Bibliografía temática ............................................................................................... 211 2.1. El tema de la creación ................................................................................................... 211 2.1.1. Poesía .............................................................................................................................. 211 2.1.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 212 2.1.3. Narrativa .......................................................................................................................... 212 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 212 2.2. El tema del paraíso: Adán y Eva ................................................................................... 212 2.2.1. Poesía/teatro ................................................................................................................... 212 2.2.2. Narrativa .......................................................................................................................... 214 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 214 2.3. El tema de los ángeles caídos: Lucifer y Lilit .............................................................. 215 2.3.1. Poesía/teatro ................................................................................................................... 215 2.3.2. Narrativa .......................................................................................................................... 215 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 216 2.4. El tema de Caín y Abel ................................................................................................... 216 2.4.1. Poesía .............................................................................................................................. 216 2.4.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 216 2.4.3. Narrativa .......................................................................................................................... 217 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 218 2.5. Los temas del diluvio y de la torre de Babel ............................................................... 218 2.5.1. Poesía .............................................................................................................................. 218 2.5.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 218 2.5.3. Narrativa .......................................................................................................................... 219 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 219 2.6. Las figuras y los ciclos patriarcales ............................................................................. 220 2.6.1. Abrahán-Isaac ................................................................................................................. 220 2.6.1.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 220 2.6.1.1.1. Abrahán-Sara-Isaac-Rebeca ................................................................................................................. 220

2.6.1.1.2. Hagar-Ismael ........................................................................................................................................ 220

2.6.1.1.3. Lot-Sodoma .......................................................................................................................................... 220

2.6.1.1.4. El sacrificio de Isaac ............................................................................................................................. 220

2.6.1.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 220 2.6.1.2.1. Abrahán-Sara-Isaac-Rebeca ................................................................................................................. 220

2.6.1.2.2. Hagar-Ismael ........................................................................................................................................ 221

2.6.1.2.3. Lot-Sodoma .......................................................................................................................................... 222

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2.6.1.2.4. El sacrificio de Isaac ............................................................................................................................. 222

2.6.1.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 222 2.6.1.3.1. Abrahán-Sara-Isaac-Rebeca ................................................................................................................. 222

2.6.1.3.2. Hagar-Ismael ........................................................................................................................................ 223

2.6.1.3.3. Lot-Sodoma .......................................................................................................................................... 223

2.6.1.3.4. El sacrificio de Isaac ............................................................................................................................. 223

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 223

2.6.2. Jacob ................................................................................................................................ 224 2.6.2.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 224 2.6.2.1.1. Jacob-Lea-Raquel-Dina ......................................................................................................................... 224

2.6.2.1.2. Jacob-José ............................................................................................................................................. 224

2.6.2.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 224 2.6.2.2.1. Jacob-Lía-Raquel ................................................................................................................................... 224

2.6.2.2.2. Jacob y Esaú .......................................................................................................................................... 225

2.6.2.2.3. Dina ..................................................................................................................................................... 225

2.6.2.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 225 2.6.2.3.1. Jacob-Lea-Raquel-Tamar ...................................................................................................................... 225

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 225

2.6.3. José ................................................................................................................................. 226 2.6.3.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 226 2.6.3.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 226 2.6.3.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 228 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 228 2.7. Ciclo épico normativo ................................................................................................... 229 2.7.1. Moisés y el éxodo ........................................................................................................... 229 2.7.1.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 229 2.7.1.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 230 2.7.1.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 231 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 232 2.7.2. Josué ................................................................................................................................ 232 2.7.2.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 232 2.7.2.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 232 2.7.2.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 232 2.8. Ciclo heroico ................................................................................................................... 233 2.8.0. General ............................................................................................................................ 233 2.8.1. Débora-Barac .................................................................................................................. 233 2.8.2. Gedeón ............................................................................................................................ 233 2.8.2.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 233 2.8.2.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 233 2.8.3. Jefté ................................................................................................................................. 233 2.8.3.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 233 2.8.3.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 234 2.8.3.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 234 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 234 2.8.4. Sansón ............................................................................................................................. 234 2.8.4.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 234 2.8.4.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 235 2.8.4.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 236 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 236

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2.8.5. Samuel-Saúl (Jonatán, Mikhol) ..................................................................................... 236 2.8.5.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 236 2.8.5.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 237 2.8.5.2.1. Saúl ................................................................................................................................. 237 2.8.5.2.2. Jonatán ............................................................................................................................ 238 2.8.5.2.3. Mikhol .............................................................................................................................. 238 2.8.5.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 238 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 238 2.8.6. David (Ammón, Tamar, Urías, Betsabé, Absalón, Abisag, Abigail) ............................ 238 2.8.6.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 238 2.8.6.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 239 2.8.6.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 241 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 242 2.8.7. Salomón .......................................................................................................................... 243 2.8.7.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 243 2.8.7.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 243 2.8.7.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 244 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 244 2.9. Historia y Midrash ......................................................................................................... 245 2.9.1. Reyes y líderes ................................................................................................................. 245 2.9.1.1. Jezabel .............................................................................................................................. 245 2.9.1.2. Atalía................................................................................................................................ 245 2.9.1.3. El exilio/Nabucodonosor ................................................................................................. 245 2.9.1.4. Judas Macabeo ................................................................................................................ 245 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 246 2.9.2. Personajes de leyenda .................................................................................................... 246 2.9.2.1. Rut.................................................................................................................................... 246 2.9.2.1.1. Poesía .................................................................................................................................................... 246

2.9.2.1.2. Teatro ..................................................................................................................................................... 246

2.9.2.1.3. Narrativa ............................................................................................................................................... 246

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 247

2.9.2.2. Ester (Asuero, Amán, Mardoqueo) ................................................................................. 247 2.9.2.2.1. Poesía .................................................................................................................................................... 247

2.9.2.2.2. Teatro ..................................................................................................................................................... 247

2.9.2.2.3. Narrativa ............................................................................................................................................... 249

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 249

2.9.2.3. Tobías ............................................................................................................................... 249 2.9.2.3.1. Poesía .................................................................................................................................................... 249

2.9.2.3.2. Teatro ..................................................................................................................................................... 249

2.9.2.3.3. Narrativa ............................................................................................................................................... 250

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 250

2.9.2.4. Judit (Holofernes) ............................................................................................................ 250 2.9.2.4.1. Poesía .................................................................................................................................................... 250

2.9.2.4.2. Teatro ..................................................................................................................................................... 251

2.9.2.4.3. Narrativa ............................................................................................................................................... 252

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 252

2.9.2.5. Jonás................................................................................................................................. 252 2.9.2.5.1. Poesía .................................................................................................................................................... 252

2.9.2.5.2. Teatro ..................................................................................................................................................... 253

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2.9.2.5.3. Narrativa ............................................................................................................................................... 253

Nota bibliográfica ................................................................................................................................. 253

2.10. Ciclo profético ................................................................................................................ 253 2.10.0. General ............................................................................................................................ 253 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 254 2.10.1. Elías ................................................................................................................................. 254 2.10.1.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 254 2.10.1.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 254 2.10.1.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 254 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 254 2.10.2. Isaías ................................................................................................................................ 254 2.10.3. Jeremías ........................................................................................................................... 255 2.10.4. Ezequiel ........................................................................................................................... 255 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 255 2.10.5. Daniel (y Susana) ........................................................................................................... 255 2.10.5.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 255 2.10.5.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 256 2.10.5.2.1. Daniel .................................................................................................................................................... 256

2.10.5.2.2. Susana ................................................................................................................................................... 256

2.10.5.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 257 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 257 2.11. Ciclo apocalíptico .......................................................................................................... 258 2.11.1. Poesía .............................................................................................................................. 258 2.11.2. Narrativa .......................................................................................................................... 258 Nota bibliográfica ........................................................................................................... 258 2.12. Ciclo sapiencial .............................................................................................................. 259 2.12.1. Job ................................................................................................................................. 259 2.12.1.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 259 2.12.1.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 259 2.12.1.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 259 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 260 2.12.2. Ecclesiastés/Qohelet ...................................................................................................... 260 2.12.2.1. Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 260 2.12.2.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 260 2.12.2.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 260 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 261 2.12.3. Cantar de los Cantares ................................................................................................... 261 2.12.3.1 Poesía ............................................................................................................................... 261 2.12.3.2. Teatro ............................................................................................................................... 261 2.12.3.3. Narrativa ......................................................................................................................... 262 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 262 2.12.4. Proverbios, salmos, sabiduría ....................................................................................... 262 2.12.4.1. Proverbios ........................................................................................................................ 262 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 263 2.12.4.2. Salmos ............................................................................................................................. 263 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 263 2.12.4.3. Sabiduría.......................................................................................................................... 264 Nota bibliográfica ............................................................................................................ 264

Conclusión ................................................................................................................................. 265

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