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lnn rayveHhn 9Tr4x BonpocoB B 2005 r. npoAoBonbcrBeHHofr 14 cenbcKoxo3nfi-crBeHHofi opraHh3aqhei (OAO) OOH coBMecrHo c nporpaMMoft pa3Bun4n OOH a I o6-nacrex YxparHur 6urno npoBeAeHo nccnegoBaHue (ganee - r4ccneAoBaHhe OAO 2005)2.

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I Cu.: Vras flpeer{AeHra VxpaiHra ni.q 3 rpyaHs 1999 p. "flpo HeBiAKnaAHi 3axoAu r{oAonpucKopeHHt peQopMyBaHHfl arpapHoro ceKropa eKoHoMiKr.r". "O$iUiftHr.rfi sicHnr Vrpai-HH" Ns 49, 1999, cr.2400.

2 Anroprt BblpaxaKlr 6naro.uapnocrr I{eHrpy coqr{aJrbHbrx gKcneprr43 Hucruryra co-Ilr,roJloruu HAHy, B oco6eHHocrr.{ .[npeKropy IO. IlpunaJroBy, a raKxe A. fon.lapyKy r,rM. OnnfiHr,tx, AHannrl{qecKo-KoHcynbrallrloHHoMy qeHTpy ilPOOH, B qacrHocrr.r ero py-KoBoALIrenrc A. IIIesuoBy, a raKxe B. AprrouuHy, B, XuraAlo r.r A. Cuxaqr.rHe, E. flyrave-Bofi H ApyrHM 3a oKa3aHHyIo [oMorIIb B no.qroroBKe aHKer, opraHr43a\r4H H npoBeAeHHr.r co-qr.roJrornqecKoro onpoca, o6pa6orre ero MarepHzLJroB.

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59

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txTbr cTanh AocrynHee. PyKoBoAr4-)roAHs n}^{ue, .{e[,t 6una gO 2000 r.€ Morn],r 3ahMcTBoBarb Bce Heo6-a npoqeHT SepuepoB, nocroflHHor. Ao 33% e 2005 r. MueHue pec-BepAnnocb B qacrHulx 6ecegax c

HUMH t4CTOqHhKaMl,t KpeATTOB KaKhccnegoaalne noKa3ano, qro ro-€AOnXeHHOCTb nO 3apnnaTe ltnnrerorcfl npo6neuoir Ms xnx. l-ocy-[tlToB gnn QepuepcKl,tx xognircre.,creneHHo 3aMeHner He$opManb-F H .3aAOnXeHHOCTl4 He OqeHb BbTCOK:roxer 6uru noraueH e reqeHhe 6-qnn. flnn Hnx curyaqnn B 2005 r.3 r., rorga coorHoueHue AonroB K3aAonxeHHocrb Bbt3btBana 6onu-fienbHo yBenhqhncn cpeAHufi no-npe.qnpr4gTuq c AonraMn Bce eu{eqrlrs 6eg AonroB.ce, qTo Aocryn K noKynHbtM pecyp-rqecrBeHHufr aHanu3 noKa3btBaer,MepoB nMepTAocryn K pecypcaM,ro hM HWHo. tlacrxas roproBnn -ocHoBHbrM KaHanoM nocrynneH[FrTF rOCyAapCTBeHHbte nocTaBu{nKt4o oTcTapT oT KaHanoB KoMMepqe-lb .|MeHUfl t4cb OTHO1UeHUF MeXAy Cenb-a. AoMoxossficrea n npeAnpltnrrsnn. floAAepxKa cenbcKhx AoMoxo-ra 6urru 6ecnnarxofi. Tar, pyl(oBo-gnertAe 3a rog Tparur 57 rulc. rpx.

Ha noMolqb AoMoxo3Rfictgau, ta3 Hr4x 76% xouneHchpyercs AoMoxo3nilcreaun (e ocroe-HoM B BHAe rpyAa nnn @nbxo3npoAyKrlnr). 3arparbr, Koropue He KoMneHclrpyrorce, BcpeAHeM cocTaBnflpT oKono 0,5o/o o6qnx exeroAHbrx pacxoAoB cenbcKoxosnficrseHHh,rxnpeAnphflttli1 unm Bcero 2O rpn. B roA sa 1 cenucKoe AoMoxoesficreo.

Ta6nuqa 7 Aeuoncrpnpyer cntacoK ycnyr, npeAocraBnfleMbrx cenbxo3npeAnphcrr,r-FMn cenbcKoMy HaceneHun. flepaae KonoHKa 6aanpyercs Ha orBerax pyKoBoAilrenefinpeAnpnntufr, Aee Apyrue - Ha orBerax rnaB AoMoxo3flncteu Qepuepoe. no MHeHnppyKoBoAl4renefi @nbxo3npe,qnp'rnrufi, nouoqs e o6pa6orKe npuycage6uoro f{acrKa rnpeAocraBneHre rpaHcnoprHux ycnyr - sro ABe BaxHefiurue ycnyru p,rtn xr4Tenei cen.

Ta6ru4a 7Orneru pyxoBollnrerefi cearcxoxornficrBeunbrx rrpeA[pnflTnfi, r.nenon Aonoxorrftcrn

n QepuepoB, Kacanurrecr ycflyr, npeAocraBJreunux cenbxo3npeA[pnrrrflMrlceJrbcKoMv Hacereunto *

(% pecnonaeHron)

Ycryrr Pyroroarrern f+ Aouoxorricrsa Oeprtrepu

flouourr o o6pa6orxe 3eMJrH

Tnnrrcnnnr

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Peuonr n rcxo6cnyxuBaHr{e rexHHKu

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fIovnrrrr n nnrtrra)rae cprrt yrr?nnrrnvrtIDrr,f

* I,IcroqHux: l{ccneaoBaHue OAO 2005.f* flpoqeHr rex, xro coo6ul[n o npeAocraBrrennn ycnyr cenbcKoMy Hacenenxro (84'% nonnoft

nu6opxn).

Pe$optrlupoBaHue cenbcKoxo3eficrBeHHbx npeAnpnaturt, KpoMe npoqero, npeAno-narano oceo6oxAeHhe ux oT oTBeTcTBeHHocTr4 3a npeAocTaBneH[e cenbcKr4x coquanbHbrxycnyr, qTo no3BonFno cocpeAoTor{r4TbcF l4cKn|oqrTenbHo Ha xo3gtcTBeHHor AegTenbHo-crr. B xoAe peopraHr3aqun oHlr AonxHu 6unu orKa3arbcs or cBor,rx coqranbHbx o6beK-ToB, nepenoxhB orBercrBeHHocrb 3a coqnanbHylo uHQpacrpyKrypy Ha MecrHbte coBerbt.

Kar noxagano lrccneAoBaHhe, 73o/o pyxoBoAnrenefr cenuxognpeAnphrrr4fi coo6u{r4-n}f, t{To 14x coqHanbHHe oobeKrbr 6unn nepeAaHbr MecrHbrM BnacrsM. hs xrx fiuwb.260/oocyqecrBlrnr4 nepeAaqy o6beKToB coqlranbHoi c$epH Ao 2000 r. Ocranuxue47o/o nepe-Aann caolr o6ueKTbr 3a nocneAHue 5 ner.

Cpegu 27o/o plKoBoAr4renefr cenuxosnpe,qnphf,rnfi, roropbre He nepeAanh cBot4o6beKrbf coqnanbHofi c$epu, Tperb 3asBnn)A, r{To cenbcrufi coeer He hMeer 6toA5era rHe MOXeT B39Tb Ha Ce69 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a lrx COAepXaHhe; TOrAa KaK OcTanbHbte Cqn-Talor 6ecnnarHyp nepeAaqy coqnanbHbrx o6ueffioe gKoHoMt4r{ecKH HenpueMneMHM Ba-phaHroM u npeAnoqurapr npoAonxarb noAAepxltBarb coqhanbHyro nx$pacrpyKrypycaMocToflTenbHo.

PecnoHgeHTbt H3 nt4uBuryyanbHoro ceKTopa - AoMoxo3nfrcrB ra $eprvrepcKnx xo-gnicra - HaMHoro nonoxurenbHee oqeHuBalor o6qrae p$ynbrarur peQopruupoBaHltecenbcKoxogRfrcreeHxbrx npeAnpnstnh,qeM pyKoBoAr.rrenh grrx npe,qnpranrufi. flocne,qHueBbtcKa3btBator MeHbuJe gHry3ua3Ma, nocKonbKy nocne 2000 r. cronKHynucb c Heo6xoA!4-Mocrbto peuarb B HoBbtx ycnoBrnx Bonpocbr pa6ovefi chnbr, peann3ar{nu npoAyKqr4r4,npuo6pereHuc pecypcoB, o6ecneqeHun npu6uul'n ur. A.

B ro xe BpeMe pyKoBoAt4Tenh cenbcxoxoacficrBeHHbrx npeAnphnrufr nonox,rrenbHooqeHnBator nepeMeHbr B noBeAeHnn cenbcKoxossficreeHHurx pa6ornnKoB. t{ro racaercsTpaAhqlroHHblx npooneu noBeAeHuF - TaKux, KaK TpyAoBas ArcllnnnnHa, MoTuBaqufl,BOpOBCTBO h paCTaCKHBaHne 'rMylqecTBa, nbf,HCTBO, - TO HHHeUHflfl CUryaqUF OqeHlrBa-eTcfl nr{ue, qeM B npounoM.

Pe$opaanpoBaHne arpapHbrx npeAnpnnrufr npuaeno r rny6oKr4M nepeMeHaM B crpyK-rype 3aHerocrl4 cenbcKoro HaceneHHn. Ecnn e 1996 r.67% rpyAocnoco6Horo HaceneHhflpa6orano B cenbxo3npeAnpHFTl4sx, ro e 2005 r. TonbKo 21o/o onpouleHHblx yKa3an[, qro

653. "Sxosounxa VxpaHHbr", JS 6.

r,rx ocHoBHoe Mecro pa6orbr - 9To cenbcKoxo3nricrBeHHoe npeAnpuerne. Cpe4n rnaaAoMoxo3Rhc;.a2l3 onpouJeHHsrx coo6qunu o6 orcfrcrBhu xaxofi-n16o ceqsu c npeAnph-srueM. flnuru rperb pa6oranu Ha npeAnpAATW unu 6ann naccrBHbrMh aKqhoHepaMnnpeAnprsTun.

B ceuusx SeprvrepoB r4x rnaBbr npeilMyr4ecrBeHHo pa6oranr B cBor4x Qepuepcxrxxogsficreax, a nx cynpyrr 3aHFTbr e gpyrofi c$epe, ,.rro o6ecneqnBaer gnaepoaQhKaqhtoAoxoAa ceMbh: 21% pa6oranr no uartuy, a eu{e 5o/o 6un.u caMo3aHFTbrMl4 3a npeAenaMucenaefrHoro xossficrea. l-naeur AoMoxo3sfrcra ta hx cynpyrh AuBepcu$rqupyror AoxoAbr B6onuuefr creneHh, veu Qepuepu: 40% B KaqecrBe ocHoBHofi ruetor pa6ory 3a npeAe-naMn cBoero AoMoxo3nicrea. Teu He MeHee pa6ora B AoMoxo3nficree rBnnercn peuJa-]olqr4M $arroponr pacnpeAeneHhn BpeMeHh: qneHbr ceruefi pa6oraror Ha npnycaAe6xurxyqacrKax no 8,6 qaca B AeHb B TeqeHhe 295 gxei B roAy. Te, rro rapKe pa6orarcr acenbxo3npeAnp[FTr,rr, nocBnu{apr nphyca4e6Honay yqacrKy no 7,6 Ltaca B AeHb B Teqe-xue 301 AHfl B rogy (no cpaBHeHHp c247 pa6ovr,tun AHnMil B npeAnpnatuu).

[1o rccne.qoBaHnp OAO 2005, cpeAHee npeAnpnffrhe HaHhMaer 120-130 nocronH-Hutx pa6orHr4KoB. CeaoHHure pa6orHnxu cocraBnnlor AononHilTenbHbre 16% t< nocroflH-Hofi pa6ovefi cnne. B QepnaepcKr4x xo3eicraax 3aHfiTbr B cpeAHeM MeHee 9 nrcgefi, rsKoropbrx 3 - qnexur ceMbh. llparrnvecKu Bce $epuepcrue xogsfrcraa coo6qalor o rpy-AoBoM BKnaAe qt'reHoB ceMbu, Ho nrulb nonoBuHa nonb3yercfl HaeMHbrM TpyAoM. B qe-noM qneHbr ceMbr BHocflT 55% ecero rpyAoBoro BKnaAa a SepuepcKhe xo3nficrea, oc-TanbHbre 45% - HaeMHbre pa6orxuru.

Oraerut pecnoHAeHToB no3Bonstor cLrhrarb cuTyaqhro a c$epe rpyAoBbrx pecypcoByAoBnerBophrenbHoft. 6onee nonoBhHbr pyKoBoAr4renefi npeAnphnrrfi npngepxhBapr-c8 MHeHhS, VrO paoOqefr cnnut "KaK pa3 AocTaToqHo", t4 TonbKo2o/o nph3HaloT, r{To hMepr-cr r3nr[!Kr pa6ovefi crnbr. Hexearxa rpyAoBbrx pecypcoB He BbrrnnAnr npo6neraoh putaonpouJeHHurx xognicrB, nocKonbKy nnrub 40% pecnoHAeHToB (xax pyxoaogarenefi npeA-npuntuir, TaK H Sepnrepoa) xanoeanhcb Ha HexBarKy pa6oveft chnbr. Ho QepuepcKhexogRilcrsa r4cnbrrbrBator HexBarKy HeKBanuQnqnpoaaHHbrx pa6orHnxoB, B To BpeMn KaKnpeAnpuflThn npehMyr{ecrBeHHo Hy)t(qa}orcf, B 6onee reanr$nqhpoBaHHbrx KaApax (rpar-Topr4crax, xoru6a fi Hepax, cneq uanuctax).

HeaosuoxHocrb HaHnrb rpe6yeuurx pa6ornuxoa o6ycnoBneHa Htasxori sapnnaroi.Ho 6onee cepbe3Hbrnan npo6neMaMh nBnqrcTcn rpyAHocrr4 c npeAnoxeHileM pa6ovefrchnbr: HexBarKa,qocraroqHo xsannQhqhpoBaHHurx pa6orHr4KoB, npo6neursr eoapacrHoftcTpyKrypbl, "nnoxtle nptaBbtr{KH" npeTeHAeHToB (nunHcreo, HeHaAexHocru). Ygnanner cn-ryaqnn, KorAa ntoAh npocro He nMelcr MorhBaqnr pa6orarb: oHr4 perncrpr4pylorce B cnpK-6e gaxnrocrr4, Ho He cornauaprcs xa pa6ory B cenbcKol,t xosRficree.

AHanrs noKa3brBaeT, qTo saxHeftuJklru SarropoM, KoTopbtrt aa23o/o onpeAelrFeT pa3-Mep AeHexHbtx AoxoAoB cenucxofr ceMbh, fBnrercn pa3Mep 3eMenbHoro yqacrKa. lonnAoxoAa or cenbcKoxognficreeHHoft AenTenbHocrr4 yBennqhBaercn c 17% B caMbtx Men-Kt4x AoMoxogc fr creax ao 7 0% B Kpyn H brx vHAvlBVAyan bHbrx xogc fi craax. fl pra oroM Ha6n o-Aaercn h yBenhqeHhe AoxoAoB B pacqere Ha 1 qnexa ceMbh. Tax, ecnn npu pa3Mepe3eMenbHoro yqacrKa Ao2ra cpegxnfr roAoaoil AoxoA cocraBnner 5 rurc. rpH. B pacqereHa 1 .tneHa ceMbu, To Anf xoagfictg, nMept4rx 6onee 50 ra, aror noKa3arenb Bo3pacraerAo 20 Tbtc. rpH. Oarrop pa3Mepa 3eMenbHoro yqacrKa o6ecneqhBaer qneHarvr $eprvrep-cKhx ceMeil Hausoro 6onuure Aoxo,qbr, qeM npoqhM cenbcKr4M gorraoxosnfrcrBaM (54 rurc. rpx.Ane ceMefi $epuepoe u 9,7 rbrc. rpH. Ann AoMoxogsfrcrg HaeMHbtx pa6on+axoa).

Cy6terrr BHoe ou{yqeHne cen bcKr4 M 14 xnrenn M h cBoero 6na rononyq hF h3yqanocbc noMot{b}o aHanh3a BonpocoB, Kacapu{r,lxcfl noKa3arenefr ra,recrBa, xnaccn$nqLlpyrolqt4xypoBeHb xr43Hr4 no TpeM KaTerophnM:

- uugxuir ypoBeHb (cerr,tefrnurfi AoxoA He no3Boneer Apyrhx pacxoAoB, KpoMe KaK HanpoAyKrbr nvra*nfl n noBceAHeBHbte norpe6xocrn);

- cpegHnfi ypoBeHb (ceuefiHoro AoxoAa xBaraer Ha eAy, noBceAHeBHbte norpe6Ho-cn4, oAexAy, o6yes n npoehe norpe6urenbcKhe Hyxgur);

- ronlSoprHutfi ypoBeHb (cen,tun B cocronHl4r noKynarb roBapbrAnhrenbHoro nonb3o-BaHhF ia e qenou He oqyu{aer MarepilanbHblx rpygHocrefi).

Pesynurarbt aHaflu3a noKa3brBaror, vro qfleHbr Seprraepcxnx ceueft Aocrhrator 6o-nee BbrcoKoro ypoBHg 6narococroffHr4n, no cpaBHeHhlo c npoqhMn cenbcKt4Mh xl,trenflMh,npexAe Bcero HaeMHbtMl4 pa6orHrranar. KonuqecrBo pecnoHAeHToB, cqhraplqhx caofiypoBeHb xt43Hh xona$oprHbrM, 3HaqhrenbHo 6onuure cpeAn $eprr,lepoa (ctr,t. ra6n. 8).

66

Cenaun Seprraepoe r.r, , i . t- i , .f lograepxgeH H Bb 3:: : - : , '

yBenhqeHheM pa3, . .e= ' :a - , t :coo6qarcqhe o H, ,3 . : r . , . : ' : iulefr nnoqaAbrc 3er.,-. , 4,. t .ro 6narococrocHi,F

( . :X t l l r v r r r

Hr.rgxNl"r (ro.r sx.'CpeaHuir (nosrl

Kortr$oprHbrr'r {::* l 4 c t o q t t i r i i , , - - - : .

K n p q e a u r t : a z . - : : , : uceuef r B pa38raa-r - , , r -= , ' -gcf icre B H€c€Jrsl. : | : i : , , - - i ,=n o 2 0 0 3 r . s a ; a - 3 - = : . : - : : :I4CTO' {Ht4KOa (nC ^ - 2 i -J - - . r1 -

eutpyvxoi cBb,Lr-e 5 - - -=, : -A a 3 a C L { 9 T C e f 5 : . : r : : : t . ' a . .

B ro xe Bce' . 'F 2 t '1 .* ' -+:

pOe) , nonyv€Hnc € - , - * r J < : - .

TonbKo 13 u 28 : : t i ' . , : , ' - - . :t4cTor{Ht4KoB.

B Yxpar,rxe - . . .3:

o c H o B H O M 3 a H l 1 , , ' 3 - : - l : _ : - : . ,utof i greepcre, . . .s - , ,=) , - : - :paKrepHo Ar1f, c€: r. , ;- ' . , . r IcxoxosgicrB€ri.r3; :== '-- : {npaKThqecKH Bce-:a r3 - : . : -

Hexearxa Bo3r . rc - - : : - - , , ' - ' .FBnFeTCf f , npaf i , ' -= : . , ' . : u ' :CXttX Xffenel l .

P a c r e s r e E c : : - 2 - : - u " "

$ep r raepcxnx xc : ; ; : - : : - - :h3X!4BoTHOBOAC-3a :; t-^ : . f)KaK AOMOXOSRI ' tC :aa : - 2 - t - = '

Xo rn $ep r , l e : - , r J t - ' - . "

npO lyKqhh no cpa3 -= - , ' . - : ^ :

CTBO OTHOCHT€J ]o - l - : 1 , - . - ' : . -

H h r c K a n h T a n a B Q € ! , . ' - J , _ . , , raw t i t t t Qepuepu , 3> :3 . : . : - -

o T H a n h q h g K o p r , r a - = : L ' , : - : ;

MeHb[ ly lo HopMy - 3, ,1 -_. - , ,

opraHbr rocyAapc;3e--_, , = :eqficre no co.qepxa-,,-- 1.,.- -:

Hecuorpn Ha - : ; . , , . - . ' . :B b l p a 3 B h T h t C e r s : . : - : ' - . -KapThHy yKpahHcKc-?. , _2- :pa6orHt4Koe) xorer,, i= - ' , :

6 M u s n c r e p c r t s . - j .

3xoHotr , tN.{ecKoe 6-ra: . , -Hecelrcxox03qr icrBei , , , , :rpaucQeprHbre n-t a r e ;: ; :

,toe npeAnpn[rve. cpeA[ rnae; xaxoi-nn6o censh c npeAnph-,nH naccklBHblMt4 aKquoHepaMu

:a6orapr B cBoHX $epuepcrnx>ecne'.{ hsaeT AnBepchQhKaqh}o! caMo3aHflTbrMh 3a npeAenaMh,r AHBepch$nqnpyrcT AoxoAbl B>gxofr hMepr pa6ory 3a npeAe-cr,roxogRicrBe cBngercfl peua-a,r pa6orarcr Ha npilycaAe6Hutxr:y. Te, KTo rapxe pa6orarcr e;rKy no 7,6 qaca B AeHb B TeLte-'.r!.1 B npeAnpnnrnn).,re HaHhMaet 120-130 nocrosH--cnHhrenbuure 16% r nocrogH-B cpeAHeM MeHee 9 nngeil, ns,re xogRilcraa coo6qalor o rpy-i:,'erce HaeMHbrM TpyAoM. B qe-r a $epuepcKne xogsfrctea, oc-

rrc a cQepe rpyAoBbrx pecypcoBi npegnpu aruil npupepxhBalcr-)nbKo 2o/o npuzuanor, L{To t4Me}or-)B He BbrrnnAnr npo6neuoil Anaxroa (xax pyKoBoAr4Tene[ npeA-,a6oqefr chnbr. Ho SepnaepcKheurx pa6orxhKoB, B To BpeMc KaKrr n graqnpoBaHHbrx KaApax (rpar-

6ycnoaneHa Hrgrofi sapnnarofr .rcrr c npegnoxeHheM pa6ovei)rHhKoB, npo6neuur eoapacrHoil). HeHaAexnocru). Ypnanner cn-trb: oHh perhcTphpyroTcn B cnpx-rr,r xogRilctee.rropsrfr aa23oh onpeAenner pa3-rrtep 3eMenbHoro yeacrKa. lonn4qrBaercs c 17% B caMbrx Men-rx xognfrcreax. [1pra erou Ha6np-ceMbh. Tar, ecnn npta pa3Mepe)craBnner 5 rurc. rpH. B pacqerera, 3ToT noKa3aTer'tb Bo3pacTaeTl6ecne.{heaer qneHana Sepuep-c4M AoMoxosRficrearu (54 rstc. rpu.B HaeMHbrx pa6orHrxoe).Boero 6narononyLt4s r,l3yqanocbi xa.{ecrea, xnaccn$hqhpyror4r4x

Apyrhx pacxo,qoB, KpoMe KaK Ha

r eAy, noBceAHeBHbre norpe6Ho-I .

trb roBapbr Anl,|TenbHoro nonb3o-re i ) .pMepcKl,lx cenaefi ,qocrhrator 6o-n poLt 14 M h cen bcKt4 M t4 xl,lTenF M u,

recnoHiqeHToB, ctlhranqnx caofi:peAh Sepr.aepoa (cr'l. ra6n. B).

Ceuur $epr,aepoB nMetor 6onee BbrcoKne Aoxogbr, qeM ceMbh HaeMHbrx pa6orHhKoB.l-lo4raepxgeH h BbrBoA o roM, qro 6narococrosHhe ceMbr4, KaK u ee Aoxogbl, pacrer cyBenrl{eHheM pa3MepoB o6pa6arurBaeMoro erc 3eMenbHoro yqacrKa. Aorrroxognictea,coo6u-lapqhe o Hu3KoM ypoBHe 6narococronHr4n, pacnopnxaprcn 3HaqhrenbHo MeHb-urefi nnoqaAbp 3eMnn, veM AoMoxossficraa, orMeqaloqre xovrSoprHutfr ypoBeHb cBoe-ro 6narococrogHng.

Ta6nu4a 8Cy6rexrnnHoe ouyueHne QepuepaMrr

H HaeMHbrMn pa6oruuxaMn cBoero 6rarococrorHrq *(70 pecnoH.qeHror)

YpoaeHs 6rarococrocHHrOepr*.repu(n = 309)

Pa6orsuxl.r(n = 848)

Husxr.rfi (ror rxo nHraHH e r.{ ro BceAHeBHbr e norpe6Homu).....Cpeauufi (noace4Henuue norpe6Hocru, o,{exAa, o6ynr u Ap.)..........Kortr$oprHsr fi (norynKa roBapoB AnHTeJIbHoro [oJlb3oBanux).. ... .... ..

285 12 l

48448

* HcroqHnx: lrccJre.rroBaHue <DAO 2005.

KntoqeeutM Qalropou o6ecnel{exns 6onee BbrcoKoro 6narococronHhn ceflbcKl,lxceMefr B pa3BuBapu{r4xcq u pa3Burbrx crpaHax flBnflercf pacuupeHre yqacrut AoMoxo-snficra B HecenbcxoxossficreeHHofi cQepe. Hanpuruep, cpeAHee xo3efrcrBo a CIIA c 1999no 2003 r. 3apa6arbrBano 85-95% cBoero AoxoAa 3a cL{er HecenbcKoxoesicreeHHbrxHcroqHr4Koe (no cpaBHeHhrc c 50% e 1960 r.). ,[axe KpynHefiuhe xosnficrBa B CLUA (ceurpyvxofi cBbu.le 500 rurc. Aon. B rop) sa oror nephoA 3apa6arbrBanh ronbKo 80% Aoxo-Aa 3a cqer cenbcroxognficraeHHofi AenTenbHoctlt 6.

B ro xe BpeMfl e YrpaNHe AoxoAbr cenbcKr4xAoMoxo3eicre (exnrcvafl h ceMbh Qepue-poa), nonyqeHHbre nyreM HecenbcKoxoggficreeHuofi genrenbHocn4, .qoBonbHo Hh3Khe -TonbKo 13 u28% ceueinoro Aoxo,qa o6ecneqhBaercn 3a cqer HecenbcKoxogsfrcreeHHbrxncTor{Ht4KoB.

B YrpanHe roBapHbre xosnficraa (xar npegnpt Arvte, raK h Sepuepcxue xogsficrea) eocHoBHoM 3aHuMaprce cen bcKoxogs fi creeHHbrM nporl3BoAcrBoM c orHocr4Tefl bHo ue6onu-lnofr Anaepcn$uxaqueil ua HecenbcKoxogqfrcreeHHyro AeRTenbHocrb. 3ro oco6eHHo xa-paKrepHo Rns SepuepcKhx xo3nfcrB, rAe nhub 13% coo6rqapr o xaroi-nn6o Hecenu-croxosnficraeHHoft AesrenbHocn4. Me>nqy reM HecenucroxosqficrBeHHafl AenTenbHocrbnpaKThqecKil BcerAa sBnqercfl AononHeHheM K cenbcKoxogsfrcraeHHoMy npou3BoAcrBy.Hexaarra Bo3MoxHocrefr pnn HecenbcKoxogsfrcreeHHofr aaHRTocn4 B cenbcKrlx pafioHaxflBnnercs, npaKTrL{ecKn, caMbrM 6onuuruu npennTcrBneM K noBbtuleHh}o AoxoAoB cenb-crrx xrrenefr.

PacreHreBo.qcrBo AoMr4Hr4pyer B crpyrffype npoAyKquh cenbxo3npeAnpustuil uSepuepcxr,rx xogcficrB, B To BpeMg KaK npoAyKqns AoMoxossicrg cocror4T HanonoBrHy,r3 xr4BorHoBoAcrBa. flpegnpnnrvlAvl $epruepur B ocHoBHoM Bbrpau{LlBapr 3epHoBbre, TorAaKaK AoMoxossfrcrea 3HaqnrenbHyro qacrb 3eMn[ ucnonb3y]or noA xaproQenb n oBor4h.

Xors Sepuepcxue xossftcrBa nMetor MeHblxyro Aonlo xr4BorHoBoAcrBa B crpyKrypenpoAyKqhh no cpaBHeHhro c npeAnpuertAflMvl, Bce xe Ha6nrcgaercfl onpe.qeneHHoe cxog-crao orHochrenbHo nepcneKrne 6hsHeca, qro Moxer orpaxarb reHAeHqhp K HaKonne-HnNc Kanhrana B Qepuepcxrx xogsficrBax nocne 1999 r. MHorne pyKoBoAr4Tenn npe.qnpn-stuh u $epuepu Bbrpaxapr HaMepeHue yBenhqnrb npou3BoAcrBo cKora B 3aBho4Mocn4or Hannqhn KopMa, HecMorpn Ha ro, qro xr4BorHoBoAcrBo o6ecnequBaer 3Haq[TenbHoMeHb[JJyro HopMy npr6urnu no cpaBHeHhp c pacreHheBoAcrBoM. BaxHo orMere'rrb, 9ToopraHbr rocyAapcreeHHofi BnacrLi Ha Mecrax 6onuure He BMeuhBalorcn B peuJeHhfl xo-ssfrcre no coAepxaHilp cKora.

Hecnlorpn Ha noflBr,rBrlJilecn nonoxhrenbHbre h3MeHeHug t4 Bo3MoxHbre nepcneKTn-Bbr pa3BnrHF cenbcKoro xogqfrcrBa, rccneAoBaHhe noKa3brBaer He coBceM paAocrHyloKaprhHy yKpanHcKoro cena. Oxono 50% pecnoHAeHToB (rax $epurepoB, TaK t4 ceflbcKr4xpaborxnxoe) xorenr 6ur,,{ro6ur hxAerr yexanh B ropoA vnvga rpaHhqy. Caurrre 15%

6 MusucrepcrBo ceJrbcKofo xo:qfrcrsa CIIIA, Cnyx6a 3KoHoMHqecKHX HccreAosaur{ft.SroHolau.{ecKoe 6rarococrosHHe Qepr'aepcxrax,(oMoxo3qficrn. "Economic Brief'Ns 7 (2006).HecerrcxoxossficrseHHbre AoxoAbr BKJrroqaror aapa6oror no uaiiuy, 6usHec. vrtueerktrJLrkt,rpaHcQeprHbre nJrarexr{.

67

roroBbt, r{To6bt ux Aern ocran}rcb B oene, Ho 3aHhManucb r,rHbrM 6raxecou BMecro cenb-cKoro xossfrcrea. CenucroxosnficrseHHyro AenrenbHocrb KaK 6yayqyto npo$eccrp Ae-refi nnaurpyloT TonbKo 24o/o $epuepoB h nuub 8o/o flplrnx cenbcKt4x xnrenefi. Yrpanx-cKoMy ceny rpo3r4T onacHocrb ocrarbcn 6es nocneAypqero noKoneHilR Kpecrbf,H.

O6o6qan non) teHHbte p$ynbrarbt, MoxHo orMerhrb cneAyplqee. Pe@opMnpoBa-Hre cenbcroxosRfrcrBeHHbtx npeAnptaflrufi nogeonhno 3HaqrTenbHo ycKophrb reMnblBbrAaqH rocyAapcrBeHHbrx aKToB Ha npaeo co6greexnocrr Ha 3eMnrcl. Kar peaynbrar,6onee 5,8 unu. rpaxAaH Yxpauuur non1n{unyr AorryMeHTbr, noATBepxAarcul}te nx npaBoco6creexxocrt4 Ha BbtAeneHHbre Ha MecrHocrr,r 3eMenbHh,re f{acrKt4. 3ro yHuKanbHagcnryaqne, Koropan ornnqaer Yrpanuy or Poccnhcxofi tDe4epaqltr H MHomx Apyrnx nocr-coBeTcKlrx cTpaH.

B crpyrrype npolr3Bogurenefi cenbcKoxogRficreexHofi npogyrqnlt npor3ounh ta3-MeHeHnc: ocHoBHbre o6ueuu eanoeofi npo,qyKqnn @nbcKoro xosRicraa npoh3BoArrcsHe cenbcKoxoscficraeHHbrMr4 npeAnphgrnnun, a xosnficrBaMr4 HaceneHng. Ycnnexue nH-AnBn4yanbHoro ceKTopa np,rAano Yrpauxe MHoro ceoficra, npr4cyu{r4x pbrHoqHoMy cenb-cKoMy xosnficray. Hanpnuep, 3HaqnTenbHo yMeHbuJlrnrcb cBR3H cenbcKoro HaceneH[f ccenbxo3npeAnpnnTraMn, a.qoMoxo3nfisrea h npeAnprnTlrn Bce 6onuute cBn3brBator ro-BapHo-AeHexHble orHouJeHlrs. Ho cenbcKoxosRfrcrgexxbre npeAnpu*Tur. npoAonxaprTpag[qhoHHyro non]4Tr'r(y nogepxK]r npou3BoAcrBa Ha np]rycaAe6Hutx ptacrrax. 3roBKnpqaer noMorqb a o6pa6orKe )^{acrKoB, npoAaxe npoAyKqnr, cxa6xeHun pecypcaMh,TpaHcnoprnpoBKe H Aaxe noKynKe norpe6urenbcKr4x roBapoB. [1pr erou.qoMoxo3nficreanoKpbrBapr 6onuuyro qafib 3arpar, noHeceHHbrx npeAnpnrTnsuu.

B pesynurare peopraHu3aqlrn cenbcKre xurenn cranu MeHee 3aBucl4Mbr or cenb-croxoggficrBeHHbrx npeAnphqnafi. flocne,qHue norepnnh cBoro ponb ocHoBHbtx pa6oro-garenefi Ha cene. B ro xe BpeMF apeHAHas nnara AononHf,er ceuefrxute AoxoAbr.

Cenucxue ceMblr cnuurKoM 3aBncuMbr or cenbcroro xoecficrBa h ltMercT Hugrnfi xe-cenbcKoxoscficreeHxurfi AoxoA. Ceuefiuure AoxoAbr Qepuepoe Bbtule, HoAoMoxogsfrcreaucnonusyor 6onee gueepcnQr4qupoBaHHHe hcroqHuKr4 Aoxo.qoB. AoxoAur QepuepoaHaMHoro Bbrure, qeM AoxoAbr npoqr4x cenbcKux xurenei e a6conrcrHoM BblpaneHnn, n nxceMbu 6onee yAoBnerBopeHbr cBor4M AoxoAoM. Tena ue MeHee, HecMorpn Ha orHocr.r-TenbHo nplrBneKarenbHyro Qnxaxcoeyp curyaqun QepuepoB, nhuJb 4o/o pa6orHhKoBnnaHnpynr crarb Qepuepaur e 6n[xaiurue 2-3 roAa. OHr,r s ocHoBHoM Morr4Br4poBaHblHaAeXAofi n) {uero 6ygyqero Ane cBor4x Aerei, nepcneKThBaMh 6onee BbrcoKr4x Aoxo-AoB 14 He3aBrcnMocrbro. Ocranuquecn 96% He hMetor nnaHoB crarb $epuepaMr4, He-cMorpe Ha nflur4e $uxaxcoBbre nepcneKruBbr. l4x e ocHoBHoM qAepxuBapr HexBarKaKanhrana, 6ocsHu pl4cKa, a rato(e Bo3pacr u nnoxoe 3,qopoBbe.

Bce pecnoHAeHTbr r4Merclr 6onuuJhe nHBecrvrqhoHHble nnaHbr xa 6ygyu{ee, qro qB-nnerca nph3HaKou o6qero onrhMr43Ma n 3Har{HTenuxofi yBepeHHocnr B oKoHoMt4Ke. fiaeTpenr roBapHbrx npoh3BoAnrenefi (npegnpnnru*n Qepuepcrhe xosnfrcraa) nnaHhpy-tor Kanr4TanbHbre lrHBecn4qr4u, npr4opr4TerHbrM FBnnercs npno6pereHr4e cenucroxoaRfi-crBeHHoro o6opygoeatn*, a rapxe cKora. flonaoxosnfrcrea nopoBHy pa3Aen]4nucb HaTex, KTo nnaHnpyer uHBecrnq[r4 B xogsftcreo (a ocxoaxoM, cenbcroxosnficraexxoe o6o-pyAoBaHhe r cror), u rex, KTo nnaHr,rpyer hHBecrnqnn Ans norpe6nexrR (nocrpoiraAoMa, noqynKa aarouo6unn, ToBapoB An%TenbHoro nonb3oBaxnn). Coo6qeHHbre B xoAeuccneAoBaHnf, uHBecrhqtloHHue nnaHH pecnoHAeHToB AoBonbHo au6nquosHbre, oqe-HutBatorce e 33% Bbrpyr{Kr4 or pean}r3aqnr Ann cenbcroxossficrBeHHbrx npeAnptastui,t u53% ans $epuepcrnx xogRficre. O6que oqeHoqHbre r4HBecrnqlroHHue 3arparur a 5-8pa3 npeBbruapr QarrrvecKhe BnoxeHnf, B 2004 r., qro orpaxaer 6onuuoi onruMt43Mno noBoAy 6ygyqero.

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