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Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales

Año 1978 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA

NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=1F76A46F8F9B6CE341443098ACD834A5[14/09/2010 0:18:56]

Tuesday, 14 September 2010

Spacecraft Query Results

There were 170 spacecraft returned.

Spacecraft Name NSSDC ID Launch Date

Aerosat-A AERST-A 1978-02-01

Aerosat-B AERST-B 1978-08-01

Anik B1 1978-116A 1978-12-16

CAMEO 1978-098B 1978-10-24

Chalet 1 1978-058A 1978-06-10

COMSTAR 3 1978-068A 1978-06-29

Cosmos 974 1978-001A 1978-01-06

Cosmos 975 1978-004A 1978-01-10

Cosmos 976 1978-005A 1978-01-10

Cosmos 977 1978-005B 1978-01-10

Cosmos 978 1978-005C 1978-01-10

Cosmos 979 1978-005D 1978-01-10

Cosmos 980 1978-005E 1978-01-10

Cosmos 981 1978-005F 1978-01-10

Cosmos 982 1978-005G 1978-01-10

Cosmos 983 1978-005H 1978-01-10

Cosmos 984 1978-006A 1978-01-13

Cosmos 985 1978-007A 1978-01-17

Cosmos 986 1978-010A 1978-01-24

Cosmos 987 1978-013A 1978-01-31

Cosmos 988 1978-015A 1978-02-08

Cosmos 989 1978-017A 1978-02-14

Cosmos 990 1978-019A 1978-02-17

Cosmos 991 1978-022A 1978-02-28

Cosmos 992 1978-025A 1978-03-04

Cosmos 993 1978-027A 1978-03-10

Cosmos 994 1978-028A 1978-03-15

Cosmos 995 1978-030A 1978-03-17

Cosmos 996 1978-031A 1978-03-28

Cosmos 997 1978-032A 1978-03-30

Cosmos 998 1978-032B 1978-03-30

Cosmos 999 1978-033A 1978-03-30

Cosmos 1000 1978-034A 1978-03-31

Cosmos 1001 1978-036A 1978-04-04

Cosmos 1002 1978-037A 1978-04-06

Cosmos 1003 1978-040A 1978-04-20

NSSDC MasterCatalog Search

Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data

Lunar/Planetary Events

http://www.nasa.gov/

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/SpacecraftQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/ExperimentQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/DatasetQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/PersonQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/PublicationQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/MapQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/NewDataQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/EventQuery.jsp



Cosmos 1004 1978-043A 1978-05-05

Cosmos 1005 1978-045A 1978-05-12

Cosmos 1006 1978-046A 1978-05-12

Cosmos 1007 1978-048A 1978-05-16

Cosmos 1008 1978-049A 1978-05-17

Cosmos 1009 1978-050A 1978-05-19

Cosmos 1010 1978-052A 1978-05-23

Cosmos 1011 1978-053A 1978-05-23

Cosmos 1012 1978-054A 1978-05-25

Cosmos 1013 1978-056A 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1014 1978-056B 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1015 1978-056C 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1016 1978-056D 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1017 1978-056E 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1018 1978-056F 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1019 1978-056G 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1020 1978-056H 1978-06-07

Cosmos 1021 1978-057A 1978-06-10

Cosmos 1022 1978-059A 1978-06-12

Cosmos 1023 1978-063A 1978-06-21

Cosmos 1024 1978-066A 1978-06-28

Cosmos 1025 1978-067A 1978-06-28

Cosmos 1026 1978-069A 1978-07-02

Cosmos 1027 1978-074A 1978-07-27

Cosmos 1028 1978-076A 1978-08-05

Cosmos 1029 1978-082A 1978-08-29

Cosmos 1030 1978-083A 1978-09-06

Cosmos 1031 1978-085A 1978-09-09

Cosmos 1032 1978-088A 1978-09-19

Cosmos 1033 1978-089A 1978-10-03

Cosmos 1034 1978-091A 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1035 1978-091B 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1036 1978-091C 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1037 1978-091D 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1038 1978-091E 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1039 1978-091F 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1040 1978-091G 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1041 1978-091H 1978-10-04

Cosmos 1042 1978-092A 1978-10-06

Cosmos 1043 1978-094A 1978-10-10

Cosmos 1044 1978-097A 1978-10-17

Cosmos 1045 1978-100A 1978-10-26

Cosmos 1046 1978-102A 1978-11-01

Cosmos 1047 1978-104A 1978-11-15

Cosmos 1048 1978-105A 1978-11-17

Cosmos 1049 1978-107A 1978-11-21

Cosmos 1050 1978-108A 1978-11-28

Cosmos 1051 1978-109A 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1052 1978-109B 1978-12-05



Cosmos 1053 1978-109C 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1054 1978-109D 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1055 1978-109E 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1056 1978-109F 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1057 1978-109G 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1058 1978-109H 1978-12-05

Cosmos 1059 1978-110A 1978-12-07

Cosmos 1060 1978-111A 1978-12-08

Cosmos 1061 1978-114A 1978-12-14

Cosmos 1062 1978-115A 1978-12-15

Cosmos 1063 1978-117A 1978-12-19

Cosmos 1064 1978-119A 1978-12-20

Cosmos 1065 1978-120A 1978-12-22

Cosmos 1066 1978-121A 1978-12-23

Cosmos 1067 1978-122A 1978-12-26

Cosmos 1068 1978-123A 1978-12-26

Cosmos 1069 1978-124A 1978-12-28

DMSP 5D-1/F03 1978-042A 1978-05-01

DSCS II-11 1978-113A 1978-12-14

ESA-GEOS 2 1978-071A 1978-07-14

FLTSATSOM 1 1978-016A 1978-02-09

GOES 3 1978-062A 1978-06-16

Gorizont 1 1978-118A 1978-12-19

HCMM 1978-041A 1978-04-26

HEAO 2 1978-103A 1978-11-13

INTELSAT 4A F-3 1978-002A 1978-01-07

INTELSAT 4A F-6 1978-035A 1978-03-31

Intercosmos 18 1978-099A 1978-10-24

ISEE 3 1978-079A 1978-08-12

ISS-B 1978-018A 1978-02-16

IUE 1978-012A 1978-01-26

Jikiken 1978-087A 1978-09-16

Jumpseat 4 1978-021A 1978-02-25

KH 11-2 1978-060A 1978-06-14

KH 9-14 1978-029A 1978-03-16

KH 9-14 subsatellite 1978-029B 1978-03-16

Kyokko 1978-014A 1978-02-04

Landsat 3 1978-026A 1978-03-05

Magion 1 1978-099C 1978-10-24

MAROTS MAROTS 1978-06-22

Molniya 1-39 1978-024A 1978-03-03

Molniya 1-40 1978-055A 1978-06-02

Molniya 1-41 1978-072A 1978-07-14

Molniya 1-42 1978-080A 1978-08-22

Molniya 3- 9 1978-009A 1978-01-24

Molniya 3-10 1978-095A 1978-10-13

NATO 3-C 1978-106A 1978-11-19

Navstar 1 1978-020A 1978-02-22

Navstar 2 1978-047A 1978-05-13



Navstar 3 1978-093A 1978-10-06

Navstar 4 1978-112A 1978-12-10

Nimbus 7 1978-098A 1978-10-24

OSCAR 8 1978-026B 1978-03-05

OTS 2 1978-044A 1978-05-11

Pioneer Venus Large Probe 1978-078D 1978-08-08

Pioneer Venus Orbiter 1978-051A 1978-05-20

Pioneer Venus Probe Bus 1978-078A 1978-08-08

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day) 1978-078G 1978-08-08

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night) 1978-078F 1978-08-08

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North) 1978-078E 1978-08-08

PRC 8 1978-011A 1978-01-26

Prognoz 7 1978-101A 1978-10-30

Progress 1 1978-008A 1978-01-20

Progress 2 1978-070A 1978-07-07

Progress 3 1978-077A 1978-08-08

Progress 4 1978-090A 1978-10-04

Radio 1 1978-100B 1978-10-26

Radio 2 1978-100C 1978-10-26

Raduga 4 1978-073A 1978-07-19

Rhyolite 4 1978-038A 1978-04-07

SDS F-3 1978-075A 1978-08-05

Seasat 1 1978-064A 1978-06-27

Soyuz 27 1978-003A 1978-01-10

Soyuz 28 1978-023A 1978-03-02

Soyuz 29 1978-061A 1978-06-15

Soyuz 30 1978-065A 1978-06-27

Soyuz 31 1978-081A 1978-08-26

SS78-1A SS78-1A 1978-05-01

ST78-1A ST78-1A 1978-02-01

TIROS-N 1978-096A 1978-10-13

Venera 11 1978-084A 1978-09-09

Venera 11 Descent Craft 1978-084D 1978-09-09

Venera 12 1978-086A 1978-09-14

Venera 12 Descent Craft 1978-086C 1978-09-14

Yuri 1 1978-039A 1978-04-07

+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010

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http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html


mailto:[email protected]


NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-A[14/09/2010 0:34:19]


Description

The concept of experimental air traffic-control satellites wasproposed by ESRO in 1970 and initially planned for 1974launch. The necessary coordination required for internationalparticipation had slipped the launch plans considerably, butESA (formerly ESRO), US, and Canada signed a cooperativeagreement in 1975 for a planned launch in 1978 for aspacecraft over the Atlantic. A second spacecraft for thePacific ocean area was planned for a concurrent launch.

Aerosat-A

NSSDC ID: AERST-A

Alternate Names

Aeronautical Satellite-A

Aerosat

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-02-01Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States

Funding Agencies

European Space Agency(International)

Unknown (Canada)

Department ofTransportation-FederalAviation Administration(United States)

Disciplines

Communications

Engineering

AdditionalInformation

Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aerosat-A

Experiments on Aerosat-A

Data collections fromAerosat-A

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=AERST-A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=AERST-A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Aerosat-A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Aerosat-A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Aerosat-A

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Aerosat-A (AERST-A)












http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-A[14/09/2010 0:34:19]

Personnel

Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail

Mr. Robert J. Goss ProjectManager

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Dr. J.Vandenkerckhove

ProjectScientist

ESA-European Space Research andTechnology Centre


http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-B[14/09/2010 0:34:41]


Description

The concept of experimental air traffic control satellites wasproposed by ESRO in 1970 and initially planned for 1974launch. The necessary coordination required for internationalparticipation had delayed the launch plans considerably, butESA (formerly ESRO), US, and Canada signed a cooperativeagreement in 1975 for a planned launch in 1978 to position aspacecraft over the Atlantic. A second spacecraft to bepositioned over the Pacific ocean area was planned for aconcurrent launch.

Aerosat-B

NSSDC ID: AERST-B

Alternate Names

Aeronautical Satellite-B

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies


Department ofTransportation-FederalAviation Administration(United States)

Disciplines

Communications

Engineering


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aerosat-B

Experiments on Aerosat-B

Data collections fromAerosat-B


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=AERST-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=AERST-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Aerosat-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Aerosat-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Aerosat-B

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Aerosat-B (AERST-B)












http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-B[14/09/2010 0:34:41]





ProjectScientist



http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-116A[14/09/2010 0:35:03]


Description

Anik B was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a ThorDelta vehicle. As of February 1979, the spacecraft wassuccessfully placed into a geostationary orbit. The 14/12 GHztransponder system was tested and performed satisfactorily. InApril 1979, continuous service to DOC was provided, at whichtime pilot project activity began. In total, nineteen projectswere undertaken. In 1980, the department leased one of thechannels back to Telesat, who then re-leased it to La SETTE.The channel was used by La SETTE to distribute videotapedprogramming from France to cable stations in Quebec. Thiswas the world's first commercial service in the 14/12 GHzband.

Several concepts that were introduced with the Hermesexperiments were demonstrated to be operationally feasibleduring the Anik B trials and were continued on to commercialoperation. These included the delivery of TV Ontarioeducational programming throughout Ontario by satellite; theformation and operation of the Knowledge Network, andeducational channel in British Columbia; and the formation ofthe Inuit Broadcasting Corporation. Other services such as atele-health network in Newfoundland and tele- conferencing forthe Government of Ontario, tried first by satellite, werecontinued via terrestrial facilities.

There were severl important outcomes of the Hermes andAnik B programs. The concept of satellite communications wasrevolutionized by the very small earth stations that could easilybe erected almost anywhere without being constrained byinterference to sites far from cities. In particular, the smallTVROs proved the concept of DBS to be technically feasibleand less power was required from the satellites than had beenoriginally expected. Of the Anik B projects, the one with thewidest impact was the direct broadcasting service to remoteareas. For these projects, the DOC purchased one hundredlow-cost receivers from SED Systems of Saskatoon, half foruse in British Columbia, the Yukon and Northwest Territories,and half for Ontario. The results were encouraging. By the endof the Anik B program, sufficient data had been gathered toallow the user organizations to decide whether or not satellite(or telecommunications) systems were a useful and desirablevehicle to provide services on a long-term basis.

With a de4sign life set to end November 1985, Anik B wasdecommissioned in 1986.

Anik B1

NSSDC ID: 1978-116A

Alternate Names

Anik-D

Telesat 4

11153

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-12-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 887.2 kg

Funding Agencies

Telesat Canada Ltd.,Ottawa (Canada)

National Aeronautics andSpace Administration(United States)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Anik B1

Experiments on Anik B1

Data collections from AnikB1


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-116A


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Anik B1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Anik B1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Anik B1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Anik B1 (1978-116A)














Mr. M. F. Chewning Project Manager Unknown


http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-098B[14/09/2010 0:35:23]


Description

This mission employed the second stage of the Delta launchvehicle for the Nimbus 7 spacecraft to provide telemetrycommand, data storage, and housing for the four barium andone lithium release cannisters. The primary objective of theinvestigatin was to study the magnetosphere-ionosphereinteractions by observing the dynamics of neutral and ionclouds released at ortibal velocities near the earth.

CAMEO

NSSDC ID: 1978-098B

Alternate Names

Chem Act Mtrls Eject Orb

11081

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-10-24Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 89.0 kg

Funding Agency

NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for CAMEO

Experiments on CAMEO

Data collections fromCAMEO


Personnel


Dr. James P. Heppner Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-098B


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=CAMEO

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=CAMEO

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=CAMEO

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: CAMEO (1978-098B)














Description

Chalet 1 was the first launch of a heavier, more advancedelectronic intelligence satellite launched from Cape Canaveralaboard a Titan 3C rocket for the US Air Force. The project wasrenamed Vortex when the code name Chalet appeared in theNew York Times.

Chalet 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-058A

Alternate Names

Vortex 1

10941

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-06-10Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 820.0 kg

Funding Agency

Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)

Discipline

Surveillance and OtherMilitary


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Chalet 1

Experiments on Chalet 1

Data collections fromChalet 1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Chalet 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Chalet 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Chalet 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Chalet 1 (1978-058A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

COMSTAR 1-D3 was one of the COMSTAR project spacecraft.The project was designed to place domestic communicationsrepeater satellites in orbit for domestic use.

COMSTAR 3

NSSDC ID: 1978-068A

Alternate Names

COMSAT Domest ComSat-D3

COMSTAR-F3

COMSTAR 1-D3

COMSTAR-C

10975

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-06-29Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1520.0 kg

Funding Agency

Communications SatelliteCorporation (UnitedStates)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation forCOMSTAR 3

Experiments on COMSTAR3

Data collections fromCOMSTAR 3

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User Support


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=COMSTAR 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=COMSTAR 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=COMSTAR 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=COMSTAR 3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: COMSTAR 3 (1978-068A)












Office.

Personnel


Mr. Henry O. Slone Project Manager NASA Lewis Research Center



http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 974 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.

Cosmos 974

NSSDC ID: 1978-001A

Alternate Names

10554

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-01-06LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos974

Experiments on Cosmos974

Data collections fromCosmos 974



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Cosmos 974


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Cosmos 974


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 974 (1978-001A)











http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 975 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.

From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.

Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.

Cosmos 975

NSSDC ID: 1978-004A

Alternate Names

10561

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.

Cosmos 976

NSSDC ID: 1978-005A

Alternate Names

10581

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 977

NSSDC ID: 1978-005B

Alternate Names

10584

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 977 (1978-005B)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005C[14/09/2010 0:38:05]


Description


Cosmos 978

NSSDC ID: 1978-005C

Alternate Names

10585

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-005C







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 978 (1978-005C)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005D[14/09/2010 0:38:26]


Description


Cosmos 979

NSSDC ID: 1978-005D

Alternate Names

10586

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-005D







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 979 (1978-005D)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005E[14/09/2010 0:38:47]


Description


Cosmos 980

NSSDC ID: 1978-005E

Alternate Names

10587

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-005E







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 980 (1978-005E)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005F[14/09/2010 0:39:09]


Description


Cosmos 981

NSSDC ID: 1978-005F

Alternate Names

10588

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-005F







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 981 (1978-005F)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005G[14/09/2010 0:39:30]


Description


Cosmos 982

NSSDC ID: 1978-005G

Alternate Names

10589

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-005G







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 982 (1978-005G)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005H[14/09/2010 0:39:51]


Description


Cosmos 983

NSSDC ID: 1978-005H

Alternate Names

10590

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1978-005H







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 983 (1978-005H)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 984 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 984

NSSDC ID: 1978-006A

Alternate Names

10592

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 985 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.

Cosmos 985

NSSDC ID: 1978-007A

Alternate Names

10599

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Navigation & GlobalPositioning







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 986 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.

Cosmos 986

NSSDC ID: 1978-010A

Alternate Names

10607

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-01-24LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck

























Description


Cosmos 987

NSSDC ID: 1978-013A

Alternate Names

10639

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 988 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable, and also performed mapping,geodesy, earth resources tasks.

Cosmos 988

NSSDC ID: 1978-015A

Alternate Names

10666

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 989

NSSDC ID: 1978-017A

Alternate Names

10672

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description

The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.

Cosmos 990

NSSDC ID: 1978-019A

Alternate Names

10676

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 991

NSSDC ID: 1978-022A

Alternate Names

10692

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 992 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 992

NSSDC ID: 1978-025A

Alternate Names

10699

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description


Cosmos 993

NSSDC ID: 1978-027A

Alternate Names

10725

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 994

NSSDC ID: 1978-028A

Alternate Names

10731

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 995 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 995

NSSDC ID: 1978-030A

Alternate Names

10735

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 996

NSSDC ID: 1978-031A

Alternate Names

10744

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 997 was a Soviet military satellite launched along withCosmos 998 from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Protonrocket.

It was a landing capsule of the three crew military TKStransport/resupply spacecraft for the Almaz space station. Itwas called "our Apollo" by cosmonaut Leonov. After separationof the capsule from the Almaz, the retrorocket assembly at topdeorbited the capsule. TKS capsules (VA is the Russianacronym) flew 13 times between 1976 and 1983, ten times incapsule tests, three times as part of the complete TKSspacecraft which docked with the Salyut space stations. Theywere never flown manned.

Cosmos 997

NSSDC ID: 1978-032A

Alternate Names

10770

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-03-30Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 700.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Engineering







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 998 was a Soviet military satellite launched along withCosmos 997 from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Protonrocket.

It was a landing capsule of the three crew military TKStransport/resupply spacecraft for the Almaz space station. Itwas called "our Apollo" by cosmonaut Leonov. After separationof the capsule from the Almaz, the retrorocket assembly at topdeorbited the capsule. TKS capsules (VA is the Russianacronym) flew 13 times between 1976 and 1983, ten times incapsule tests, three times as part of the complete TKSspacecraft which docked with the Salyut space stations. Theywere never flown manned.

Cosmos 998

NSSDC ID: 1978-032B

Alternate Names

10771

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-03-30Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Engineering







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 999

NSSDC ID: 1978-033A

Alternate Names

10773

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description

Cosmos 1000 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet militarynavigation system distributed in orbital planes spaced 30degrees apart, and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodromeaboard a Cosmos rocket. Navigation information was derivedfrom Doppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150and 400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. Byacquiring fixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.

Cosmos 1000

NSSDC ID: 1978-034A

Alternate Names

10776

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1001 was a Soviet satellite launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz 11 rocket. It was anunsuccessful Soyuz-T test mission.

Soyuz T had a long gestation, beginning as the Soyuz VImilitary orbital complex Soyuz in 1967. It finally emerged as acomplete redesign of the Soyuz in the late seventies. TheSoyuz T introduced a revised Igla rendezvous system and anew service module with unitary translation / attitude controlthrusters as part of a single bipropellant system with the mainpump-fed engine. Solar panels were reintroduced; the fuelload was increased; and all new digital avionics weredeveloped. Crew safety was improved with a new launchescape system and accomodation was provided for the firsttime for a three-man crew in spacesuits.

Cosmos 1001

NSSDC ID: 1978-036A

Alternate Names

10783

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Engineering







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1002 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.

Cosmos 1002

NSSDC ID: 1978-037A

Alternate Names

10785

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description

Cosmos 1003 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.

Cosmos 1003

NSSDC ID: 1978-040A

Alternate Names

10811

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1004 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. Separated science capsule.

Cosmos 1004

NSSDC ID: 1978-043A

Alternate Names

10846

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description




Cosmos 1005

NSSDC ID: 1978-045A

Alternate Names

10860

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1006 was a Soviet atmospheric research satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Kosmos 11rocket. It was the ninth in a series of Vektor spacecraft.

Cosmos 1006

NSSDC ID: 1978-046A

Alternate Names

10862

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Earth Science







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1007 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable, and also performedearth resources tasks.

Cosmos 1007

NSSDC ID: 1978-048A

Alternate Names

10895

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1008 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.It replaced Cosmos 845.



Cosmos 1008

NSSDC ID: 1978-049A

Alternate Names

10898

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1009 was a Soviet ASAT interceptor launched fromthe Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. Afterintercepting the target, (Cosmos 970) it deorbited using an on-board engine.

Cosmos 1009

NSSDC ID: 1978-050A

Alternate Names

10904

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-05-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-9(SCARP) or SS-13(SCRAG) with Orbital andManeuverableLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2500.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description

Cosmos 1010 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable, and also performedearth resources tasks. The spacecraft crashed on landing andwas destroyed.

Cosmos 1010

NSSDC ID: 1978-052A

Alternate Names

10915

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1011

NSSDC ID: 1978-053A

Alternate Names

10917

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1012 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.

Cosmos 1012

NSSDC ID: 1978-054A

Alternate Names

10919

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1013

NSSDC ID: 1978-056A

Alternate Names

10930

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1014

NSSDC ID: 1978-056B

Alternate Names

10931

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1015

NSSDC ID: 1978-056C

Alternate Names

10932

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1016

NSSDC ID: 1978-056D

Alternate Names

10933

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1017

NSSDC ID: 1978-056E

Alternate Names

10934

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1018

NSSDC ID: 1978-056F

Alternate Names

10935

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1019

NSSDC ID: 1978-056G

Alternate Names

10936

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1020

NSSDC ID: 1978-056H

Alternate Names

10937

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1021 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.

Cosmos 1021

NSSDC ID: 1978-057A

Alternate Names

10939

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1022

NSSDC ID: 1978-059A

Alternate Names

10944

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1023

NSSDC ID: 1978-063A

Alternate Names

10961

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Wednesday, 15 September 2010

Description

Cosmos 1024 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Molniyarocket. It replaced Cosmos 931 as part of the Okoconstellation of satellites and covered the plane 2 - 323 degreelongitude of ascending node.

Cosmos 1024

NSSDC ID: 1978-066A

Alternate Names

10970

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-06-28LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2030.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description




Cosmos 1025

NSSDC ID: 1978-067A

Alternate Names

10973

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-06-28LaunchVehicle: UnknownLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4375.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1026

NSSDC ID: 1978-069A

Alternate Names

10977

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description


Cosmos 1027

NSSDC ID: 1978-074A

Alternate Names

10991

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1028 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. Successful full duration flight.

Cosmos 1028

NSSDC ID: 1978-076A

Alternate Names

10995

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1029

NSSDC ID: 1978-082A

Alternate Names

11012

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1030 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Molniyarocket. It was part of the Oko constellation of satellites andcovered the plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node.

Cosmos 1030

NSSDC ID: 1978-083A

Alternate Names

11015

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1031

NSSDC ID: 1978-085A

Alternate Names

11022

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1032 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. Separated capsule.

Cosmos 1032

NSSDC ID: 1978-088A

Alternate Names

11029

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1033 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable, and also performedearth resources tasks.

Cosmos 1033

NSSDC ID: 1978-089A

Alternate Names

11039

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1034

NSSDC ID: 1978-091A

Alternate Names

11042

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


National Space Science Data Center Header

Cosmos 1035

NSSDC ID: 1978-091B

Alternate Names

11044

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Thursday, 16 September 2010

Description


Cosmos 1036

NSSDC ID: 1978-091C

Alternate Names

11045

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1037

NSSDC ID: 1978-091D

Alternate Names

11046

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1038

NSSDC ID: 1978-091E

Alternate Names

11047

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1039

NSSDC ID: 1978-091F

Alternate Names

11048

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1040

NSSDC ID: 1978-091G

Alternate Names

11049

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1041

NSSDC ID: 1978-091H

Alternate Names

11050

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1042 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelanuched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.

Cosmos 1042

NSSDC ID: 1978-092A

Alternate Names

11052

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description




Cosmos 1043

NSSDC ID: 1978-094A

Alternate Names

11055

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1044

NSSDC ID: 1978-097A

Alternate Names

11065

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1045 was a Soviet weather spacecraft launched fromthe Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon rocket along withRadio 1 and 2 Sputnik communications satellites. It was part ofthe Meteor 2 series of satellites which were launched into 81.2degree orbits, at 850 km altitude, allowing a revisit of everylocation at 6 and 12 hour intervals by a constellation of threesatellites at 90 to 180 degree intervals. Each satellite couldobserve 30,000 sq. km at a time. Data were processed athydro-meteorological offices at Moscow, Novsibirsk, andKhaborovsk.

The Meteor series served the Ministry of Defence by providingoperational meteorological data for reconnaissance satellitescheduling, operational weather data for use by the ArmedForces in local and global operations, and monitoring ofradiation in near-earth space.

Cosmos 1045

NSSDC ID: 1978-100A

Alternate Names

11084

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-10-26LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2670.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Earth Science







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1046 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft performed mapping, geodesy, earthresources tasks. Deployed capsule.

Cosmos 1046

NSSDC ID: 1978-102A

Alternate Names

11098

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1047

NSSDC ID: 1978-104A

Alternate Names

11108

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1048

NSSDC ID: 1978-105A

Alternate Names

11111

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1049

NSSDC ID: 1978-107A

Alternate Names

11118

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1050

NSSDC ID: 1978-108A

Alternate Names

11121

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1051

NSSDC ID: 1978-109A

Alternate Names

11128

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1052

NSSDC ID: 1978-109B

Alternate Names

11129

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1053

NSSDC ID: 1978-109C

Alternate Names

11130

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1054

NSSDC ID: 1978-109D

Alternate Names

11131

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1055

NSSDC ID: 1978-109E

Alternate Names

11132

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1056

NSSDC ID: 1978-109F

Alternate Names

11133

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1057

NSSDC ID: 1978-109G

Alternate Names

11134

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1058

NSSDC ID: 1978-109H

Alternate Names

11135

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1059

NSSDC ID: 1978-110A

Alternate Names

11137

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Cosmos 1060

NSSDC ID: 1978-111A

Alternate Names

11139

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



























Description


Cosmos 1061

NSSDC ID: 1978-114A

Alternate Names

11148

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1062 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.It replaced Cosmos 899.



Cosmos 1062

NSSDC ID: 1978-115A

Alternate Names

11150

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description




Cosmos 1063

NSSDC ID: 1978-117A

Alternate Names

11155

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1064

NSSDC ID: 1978-119A

Alternate Names

11161

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

From 1969 KB Yuzhnoye built the Lira targets for exercise andtest of PVO air defence and space tracking systems. Thesecond generation consisted of Taifun-1 and Taifun-2satellites, which differed in the type of equipment installed.Taifun-1 would release up to 25 Romb sub-satellites, whileTaifun-2 did not. In 1972 KB-3 under B E Khimrov, with the co-operation of assisting organisations and the Ministry ofDefence, completed the draft project. The first Taifun-1 wascompleted in 1974, and flight trials were conducted in thesecond half of the 1970's using Kosmos-3M launch vehiclesfrom Plesetsk and Kapustin Yar. The heads of the State TrialsCommission were B N Karpov, N N Zhukov, and B G Zudin.Taifun-1 normally released 25 Romb subsatellites into an orbitof 300 to 500 km altitude, at inclinations of 50.7 degrees (fromKapustin Yar) and 65.9 74, or 82.9 degrees (from Plesetsk).Two unique missions in 1989-1990 were put into 180 km x1550 km orbits at 65.8 degrees. With this higher apogee thepayload was reduced to 10 Romb subsatellites. Vektorsatellites were spherical in shape, about 2 m in diameter, thesurface covered with solar cells and equipped with fourantennae.

Cosmos 1065

NSSDC ID: 1978-120A

Alternate Names

11163

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-12-22LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: KapustinYar, U.S.S.RMass: 1170.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1066 was a Soviet astrophysics satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Vostok rocket.

Cosmos 1066

NSSDC ID: 1978-121A

Alternate Names

11165

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Astronomy







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 1067 was a Soviet geodetic satellite launched fromthe Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Cosmos 11 rocket.

The Sfera geodetic system covered a broad development forsolving problems in geodetics, continental drift, and preciselocation of cartographic points. The spacecraft was equippedwith measurement and signalling apparatus, providingassistance in measuring astronomical-geodetic points ofmilitary topographical research for the Red Army General Staff.The satellite allowed improved accuracy for long rangeweapons. Reshetnev was the Chief Designer. Flight tests werefrom 1968 to 1972. Series flights were from 1973 to 1980. TheKosmos 3M launcher was used. Colonel Ye S Shchapov wasin charge of Sfera development. Sfera used the basic KAUR-1bus, consisting of a 2.035 m diameter cylindrical spacecraftbody, with solar cells and radiators of the thermostatictemperature regulating system mounted on the exterior.Orientation was by a single-axis magneto-gravitational (gravitygradient boom) passive system. The hermetically sealedcompartment had the equipment mounted in cruciform bays,with the chemical batteries protecting the radio and guidanceequipment mounted at the centre.

Cosmos 1067

NSSDC ID: 1978-122A

Alternate Names

11168

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Earth Science







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 1068

NSSDC ID: 1978-123A

Alternate Names

11169

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 1069 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft also performed mapping, geodesy,earth resources tasks. Separated capsule.

Cosmos 1069

NSSDC ID: 1978-124A

Alternate Names

11173

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

DMSD 5D-1/F3 was one of a series of meteorologicalsatellites developed and operated by the Air Force under theDefense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Thisprogram, previously known as DAPP (Data Acquisition andProcessing Program), was classified until March 1973. Theobjectives of this program were to provide global visual andinfrared cloudcover data and specialized environmental data tosupport Department of Defense requirements. Operationally,the program consisted of two satellites in sun-synchronouspolar orbits, with the ascending node of one satellite in earlymorning and the other at local noon. The 5.4-m-longspacecraft was separated into four sections: (1) a precisionmounting platform (PMP) for sensors and equipment requiringprecise alignment; (2) an equipment support module (ESM)containing the electronics, reaction wheels, and somemeteorological sensors; (3) a reaction control equipment(RCE) support structure (including the third-stage motor andhydrazine reaction control system); and (4) a 9.29-sq-m solarcell panel. The spacecraft stabilization was controlled by acombination flywheel and magnetic control coil system sosensors could be maintained in the desired "earth-looking"mode. One feature was the precision-pointing accuracy of theprimary imager to 0.01 deg provided by a star sensor and anupdated ephemeris navigation system. This allowed automaticgeographical mapping of the digital imagery to the nearestpicture element. The operational linescan system (OLS), builtby Westinghouse, was the primary data acquisition system thatprovided real-time or stored, multi-orbit, day-and-night visualand infrared imagery of clouds, and provided with the datacalibration, timing, and other auxiliary signals to the spacecraftfor digital transmission to the ground. A supplementarymeterological sensor, the special sensor H (SSH), a step-scanning radiometer, was the infrared temperature-humidity-ozone sounder. Either recorded or real-time data weretransmitted to ground-receiving sites by two redundant S-bandtransmitters. Recorded data were read out to tracking siteslocated at Fairchild AFB, Wash., and Loring AFB, Maine, andrelayed by SATCOM to Air Force Global Weather Central,Offutt AFB, Nebraska. Real-time data were read out at mobiletactical sites located around the world. A more completedescription of the satellite can be found in the report, D. A.Nichols, "The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program,"Optical Engineering, v. 14, n. 4, July-August 1975.

DMSP 5D-1/F03

NSSDC ID: 1978-042A

Alternate Names

DMSP 14537

DMSP-F3

10820

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-05-01Launch Vehicle: ThorLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 450.0 kg

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Astronomy

Earth Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for DMSP 5D-1/F03

Experiments on DMSP 5D-1/F03

Data collections fromDMSP 5D-1/F03

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5D-1/F03

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5D-1/F03

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5D-1/F03

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5D-1/F03

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DMSP 5D-1/F03 (1978-042A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DMSP 5D-1/F03 (1978-042A)











Personnel


Col J. Rivers Program Manager US Air Force Space Division

Other Sources of DMSP Data/Information

DMSP F3 summary (NASA MSFC)


http://microwave.msfc.nasa.gov:5721/source_documents/dmsp_f3.html

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.

DSCS II-11

NSSDC ID: 1978-113A

Alternate Names

11144

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-12-14Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 550.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-11

Experiments on DSCS II-11

Data collections fromDSCS II-11



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DSCS II-11

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DSCS II-11

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DSCS II-11

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DSCS II-11

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DSCS II-11 (1978-113A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

ESA-GEOS 2 was the first spacecraft dedicated completely toscientific measurements in an equatorial geostationary orbit.The spacecraft served as a core or reference spacecraft for theInternational Magnetospheric Study (IMS) and carried outcorrelative measurements with extensive ground-basednetworks in Scandinavia. The payload consisted of instrumentsto measure (1) dc and ac electric and magnetic fields; (2)gradient of the magnetic field; (3) thermal and suprathermalplasma parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field; (4)energy spectra, angular distribution, and composition ofpositive ions; and (5) angular distribution and energy spectraof energetic electrons and protons. In the NSSDC experimentdescriptions which follow, ESA Exp. S-300 is described as fiveseparate experiments: 78-071A-05, -06, -07, -10, and -11. Thespacecraft was cylindrical with a height of 1.321 m. The totalmass, excluding propellants, was 273.6 kg. There were fourtelescopic axial booms 2.5 m in length for the wire meshspheres of an ac electric field experiment, two 20-m cablebooms for magnetic and electric field sensors and for anexcitation antenna for plasma resonances, and two lockingradial booms 3 m in length for a variety of instruments. Therewere six hydrazine thrusters; two to tilt and precess thespacecraft, two to modify the orbit so the longitude of theapogee could be changed, and two for spin up and spin down.The spin rate was nominally 10 rpm. Data were telemetered inreal time at 137.2 MHz (186 and 744 bps) and at 2299.5 MHz(11.91 or 95.25 kbs). Attitude measurements were obtained bya sun sensor, a dual infrared earth sensor, andaccelerometers. Power was supplied by 7200 solar cellsmounted on the spacecraft surface. To prevent spacecraftdifferential charging, 96% of the surface was electricallyconductive. Because of the importance of the magnetic fieldmeasurements, the spacecraft residual field at themagnetometer was only 0.3 nT. Except for minor modificationsto certain experiments, this spacecraft and its instrumentswere identical to ESA-GEOS 1 (77-029A). More detailedinformation can be found in ESA Bulletin, n. 9, May 1977.Because one solar panel developed a short circuit soon afterlaunch, a number of the experiments were able to obtain usefuldata for only one-half of the spin period.

ESA-GEOS 2

NSSDC ID: 1978-071A

Alternate Names

GEOS 2

10981

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for ESA-GEOS 2

Experiments on ESA-GEOS 2

Data collections from ESA-GEOS 2

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.

Personnel


Dr. Karl Project ESA-European Space


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ESA-GEOS 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ESA-GEOS 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ESA-GEOS 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ESA-GEOS 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ESA-GEOS 2 (1978-071A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ESA-GEOS 2 (1978-071A)











Knott Scientist Research and TechnologyCentre

Mr. DerekE.Mullinger

ProjectManager

ESA-European SpaceResearch and TechnologyCentre

Mr. JohnDonaldKraft

GeneralContact

NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter

[email protected]


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The FLTSATCOM (Fleet Satellite Communications)communications satellite system served as a world-wide UHFcommunications link among USN aircraft, ships, submarines,and ground stations. This high-capacity spacebornecommunications system gave the Navy both shore-to-fleet andsingle-way communication among ships, aircraft, andsubmarines separated by distances exceeding line-of-sightUHF ranges. The satellite provided 30 voice channels and 12teletypewriter channels simultaneously in UHF. The UHFupline was in the 290- to 320-MHz range, while UHF downlinkwas in the 240- to 27-MHz range. Transmissions in the S-bandwere used for commands and beacons. A number of thesechannels were reserved for high-priority USAF ground-to-aircommunications with SAC aircraft, the E-3A airborne warningand control system, and elements of the presidential commandstructure. The satellite was hexagonal in shape andapproximately 1.7 m high and 2.7 m in diameter. An erectable5.3-m wire mesh parabolic communications antenna with a 2-msolid-center section extended from one end of the satellite.Protruding from the opposite end was the nozzle of thesatellite's off-loaded apogee motor. Unlike most military andcommercial communications satellites, the FLTSATCOMsatellites used a triaxial stabilization system utilizing a reactioncontrol wheel assembly instead of spin stabilization. Electricalpower (1.1 kw dc) was provided by 2 three-section solarpanels mounted on booms extending from the satellites bodyand unfolded in space. Nickel-cadmium batteries providedpower during solar eclipses. The USN and USAF plan to orbitfour satellites, including one as an on-station spare, positionedaround the world in near-equatorial geosynchronous orbits toprovide near-global coverage. The FSC satellite was theheaviest communications satellite the United States hadattempted to orbit, exceeding the previous leader, TACSAT-1,by over 250 lbs.

FLTSATSOM 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-016A

Alternate Names

FSC-1

10669

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Department of Defense-Department of the Navy(United States)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation forFLTSATSOM 1

Experiments onFLTSATSOM 1

Data collections fromFLTSATSOM 1


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=FLTSATSOM 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=FLTSATSOM 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=FLTSATSOM 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=FLTSATSOM 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: FLTSATSOM 1 (1978-016A)
















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

GOES 3 was a NASA-developed, NOAA-operated,geosynchronous, and operational spacecraft. The spin-stabilized spacecraft carried (1) a visible infrared spin-scanradiometer (VISSR) to provide high-quality day/nightcloudcover data and to take radiance-derived temperatures ofthe earth/atmosphere system, (2) a meteorological datacollection and transmission system to relay processed datafrom central weather facilities to APT-equipped regionalstations and to collect and retransmit data from remotelylocated earth-based platforms, and (3) a space environmentmonitor (SEM) system to measure proton, electron, and X-rayfluxes and magnetic fields. The cylindrically shaped spacecraftmeasured 190.5 cm in diameter and 230 cm in length,exclusive of a magnetometer that extended an additional 83cm beyond the cylinder shell. The primary structural memberswere a honeycombed equipment shelf and thrust tube. TheVISSR telescope was mounted on the equipment shelf andviewed the earth through a special aperture in the side of thespacecraft. A support structure extended radially out from thethrust tube and was affixed to the solar panels, which formedthe outer walls of the spacecraft and provided the primarysource of electrical power. Located in the annulus-shapedspace between the thrust tube and the solar panels werestationkeeping and dynamics control equipment, batteries, andmost of the SEM equipment. Proper spacecraft attitude andspin rate (approximately 100 rpm) were maintained by twoseparate sets of jet thrusters mounted around the spacecraftequator and activated by ground command. The spacecraftused both UHF-band and S-band frequencies in its telemetryand command subsystem. A low-power VHF transponderprovided telemetry and command during launch and thenserved as a backup for the primary subsystem once thespacecraft attained orbit. For more detailed information, see"The GOES/SMS User's Guide" (TRF B28599), available fromNSSDC.

GOES 3

NSSDC ID: 1978-062A

Alternate Names

GOES-C

10953

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)

NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)

Disciplines

Earth Science

Solar Physics

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for GOES 3

Experiments on GOES 3

Data collections fromGOES 3



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=GOES 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=GOES 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=GOES 3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: GOES 3 (1978-062A)













Personnel


Mr. James R.Greaves

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters [email protected]

Mr. William E.Shenk

ProjectScientist

NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Gorizont 1 was a Soviet geosynchronous communicationssatellite. It was intended to provide telephone, telegraph andfax communications services, in addition to relaying TV andradio broadcasts. The initial purpose of the satellite was torelay television broadcasts of the 1980 Olympics held inMoscow, however, it did not achieve geostationary orbit due toa malfunction of Block D.

The Gorizont spacecraft possessed an initial mass in excess of2.1 metric tons and have demonstrated a lifetime of nearly 10years, although a 5-year service life was more common. The3-axis stabilized satellite was approximately 2 m in diameterand 5 m long with two large solar arrays capable of generating1.3 kW of electrical power for the first 3 years. Seven separatetransmission antennas allowed a variety of reception patternsfor both broad and localized terrestrial regions.

A typical Gorizont communications payload included sixgeneral purpose (TV, audio, facsimile) 6/4 GHz transponders(five 12.5 W and one 60 W), one Luch 14/11 GHz transponder(15 W), and one Volna 1.6/1.5 GHz transponder (20 W). TheVolna transponders were INMARSAT-compatible and wereextensively used by the Russian merchant marine fleet via theprimary GEO television rebroadcasting system, supporting allfive Federation time zones: Zone 1 from 140 deg E, Zone 2from 90 deg E, Zone 3 from 80 deg E, Zone 4 from 53 deg E,and Zone 5 from 14 deg W. These transmissions were handledby Orbita (12-m receiving antenna) and Moskva (2.5-mreceiving antenna) ground stations in the 6/4 GHz band. TheMoskva Globalnaya system was inaugurated in 1989 using 4-m receiving antennas and serviced by Gorizonts at 96.5 deg Eand 11 deg W.

Gorizont 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-118A

Alternate Names

Horizont

11158

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-12-19Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2100.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Gorizont 1

Experiments on Gorizont 1

Data collections fromGorizont 1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Gorizont 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Gorizont 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Gorizont 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Gorizont 1 (1978-118A)











http://www.usa.gov/







Monday, 20 September 2010

Description

The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) spacecraft wasthe first of a series of Applications Explorer Missions (AEM).The objective of the HCMM was to provide comprehensive,accurate, high-spatial-resolution thermal surveys of the surfaceof the earth. The HCMM spacecraft was made of two distinctmodules: (1) an instrument module, containing the heatcapacity mapping radiometer and its supporting gear, and (2) abase module, containing the data handling, power,communications, command, and attitude control subsystemsrequired to support the instrument module. The spacecraft wasspin stabilized at a rate of 14 rpm. The HCMM circular sun-synchronous orbit allowed the spacecraft to sense surfacetemperatures near the maximum and minimum of the diurnalcycle. The orbit had a daylight ascending node with nominalequatorial crossing time of 2:00 p.m. Since there was noinclination adjustment capacity, the spacecraft drifted from thiscrossing time by about 1 hour earlier per year. There was noon-board data storage capability, so only real-time data weretransmitted when the satellite came within reception range ofseven ground stations. The repeat cycle of the spacecraft was16 days. Day/night coverage over a given area between thelatitudes of 85 deg N and 85 deg S occurred at intervalsranging from 12 to 36 h (once every 16 days). During February21-23, 1980, the HCMM orbital altitude was lowered from 620km to 540 km to stop the drift of the orbit plane to unfavorablesun angles which in turn reduced the power collectioncapability of the solar panels. The operations of the spacecraftwere terminated on September 30, 1980. More detailedinformation can be found in the "Heat Capacity MappingMission Users' Guide" (TRF B30282), available from NSSDC.

HCMM

NSSDC ID: 1978-041A

Alternate Names

AEM-A

Explorer 58

Heat Capacity MappingMission

10818

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-04-26Launch Vehicle: Scout-FLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 117.0 kg

Funding Agency

NASA-Office of Spaceand TerrestrialApplications (UnitedStates)

Discipline

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for HCMM

Experiments on HCMM

Data collections fromHCMM



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=HCMM

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=HCMM

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=HCMM

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: HCMM (1978-041A)













Personnel


Dr. John C.Price

ProjectScientist


Dr. Robert E.Murphy

ProjectScientist


[email protected]

Mr. Dick S.Diller

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Mr. Charles M.MacKenzie

ProjectManager


Mr. Burton B.Schardt

ProgramScientist

NASA Headquarters


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Einstein Observatory (HEAO 2) was the second of threemissions in a program of research in high-energy astronomicalphenomena. The science objectives of this mission wereimaging and spectrographic studies of specific X-ray sourcesand studies of the diffuse X-ray background. More specifically,scientific objectives were (1) to locate accurately and examineX-ray sources in the energy range 0.2 to 4.0 keV, with highresolution; (2) to perform high-spectral-sensitivitymeasurements with both high-and low-dispersionspectrographs; and (3) to perform high-sensitivitymeasurements of transient X-ray behavior.

The Einstein Observatory spacecraft was identical to theHEAO 1 vehicle, with the addition of reaction wheels andassociated electronics to enable the telescope to be pointed atsources to within 1 min of arc. The spacecraft was ahexagonal prism 5.68 m high and 2.67 m in diameter. Theinstrument payload weighed 1450 kg. A large grazing-incidence X-ray telescope provided images of sources thatwere then analyzed by four interchangeable instrumentsmounted on a carousel arrangement that could be rotated intothe focal plane of the telescope. The telescope collected X-rays over an angular range of approximately 1 deg x 1 deg,with the focal plane instruments determining the limitingresolution up to a few arc-s for each measurement. The fourinstruments were a solid-state spectrometer (SSS), a focalplan crystal spectrometer (FPCS), an imaging proportionalcounter (IPC), and a high-resolution imaging detector (HRI).Also included were a monitor proportional counter (MPC),which viewed the sky along the telescope axis, a broadbandfilter, and objective grating spectrometers that could be used inconjunction with focal plane instruments and an aspectsystem.

Downlink telemetry was at a data rate of 6.5 kb/s for real-timedata and 128 kb/s for either of two tape recorder systems. Anattitude control and determination subsystem was used topoint and maneuver the spacecraft. Gyros, sun sensors, andstar trackers were employed as sensing devices. For moredetails, see R. Giacconi et al., Astropy. J., v. 230, p. 540,1979.

The Einstein Observatory was shut down on April 26, 1981. Itremained in orbit for another year slowly spiraling in to theEarth, and reentered on March 25, 1982.

HEAO 2

NSSDC ID: 1978-103A

Alternate Names

Einstein

11101

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)

Discipline

Astronomy


Launch/Orbitalinformation for HEAO 2

Experiments on HEAO 2

Data collections fromHEAO 2


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=HEAO 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=HEAO 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=HEAO 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: HEAO 2 (1978-103A)














Mr. Richard E.Halpern

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Dr. Stephen S.Holt

ProjectScientist

NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter

[email protected]

Dr. Albert G.Opp

ProgramScientist

NASA Headquarters

Dr. John F.Stone

ProjectManager

NASA Marshall Space FlightCenter

Related Information/Data at NSSDC

HEAO-1HEAO-3

US Active Archive for Einstein (HEAO 2) Information/Data

The Einstein Archive at HEASARC


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1977-075A


http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/einstein/archive/heao2_archive.html

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Intelsat 4A F-3 was a COMSAT Corporation commercialcommunications satellite designed to provide increasedtelecommunications capacity for Intelsat's global network.

INTELSAT 4A F-3

NSSDC ID: 1978-002A

Alternate Names

10557

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

Unknown (United States)

InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4A F-3

Experiments on INTELSAT4A F-3

Data collections fromINTELSAT 4A F-3


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=INTELSAT 4A F-3


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=INTELSAT 4A F-3


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: INTELSAT 4A F-3 (1978-002A)
















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

INTELSAT 4A F-5 was one of a series of INTELSATs whichform the global satellite system of the InternationalTelecommunications Satellite Consortium, which consists ofmore than 80 member countries, represented by theCommunications Satellite Corporation, the U.S. builds some ofthe INTELSATs and operates some of the ground stations. Thepresent INTELSAT communication satellites are now ingeostationary orbits above the Atlantic, Pacific, and IndianOceans, providing thousands of new intercontinential radiolinks. In keeping with the trend toward more versatile world-wide communications, the new INTELSATs provide multipleaccess capabilities. The spacecraft was launched into ageostationary orbit and was located to meet COMSAT'sinternational communications capability requirements.

INTELSAT 4A F-6

NSSDC ID: 1978-035A

Alternate Names

10778

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)


Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4A F-6

Experiments on INTELSAT4A F-6

Data collections fromINTELSAT 4A F-6


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


























http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Launched during the IMS period, the spacecraft experimentobjective was to study the character of the ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling by continuing experiments similar tothose on Intercosmos 10. Both real-time and stored datamodes were used. The satellite measurements wereaccompanied by simultaneous ground-based, balloon, androcket observations. The parameters were geomagnetic field (3components), low-energy particle fluxes and their angulardistributions (electrons and positive ions, 100 eV to 50 keV),VLF wave electric and magnetic components (100 Hz to 16kHz), electrostatic fields of magnetospheric-ionospheric originby a double-probe technique (3 components), electron and iondensities and temperatures using several techniques, and theion and neutral composition of the upper atmosphere.Experiment personnel and descriptions of the instrumentshave been requested but not received.

Intercosmos 18

NSSDC ID: 1978-099A

Alternate Names

MAG-IK

Magic

11082

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Intercosmos (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 18

Experiments onIntercosmos 18

Data collections fromIntercosmos 18



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Intercosmos 18

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Intercosmos 18

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Intercosmos 18

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Intercosmos 18

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Intercosmos 18 (1978-099A)













Personnel


Prof. Vladimir V.Migulin

ProjectScientist

IZMIRAN [email protected]


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Explorer-class heliocentric spacecraft, International Sun-Earth Explorer 3, was part of the mother/daughter/heliocentricmission (ISEE 1, 2, and 3). The purposes of the mission were:(1) to investigate solar-terrestrial relationships at the outermostboundaries of the Earth's magnetosphere; (2) to examine indetail the structure of the solar wind near the Earth and theshock wave that forms the interface between the solar windand Earth's magnetosphere; (3) to investigate motions of andmechanisms operating in the plasma sheets; and, (4) tocontinue the investigation of cosmic rays and solar flareemissions in the interplanetary region near 1 AU.

The three spacecraft carried a number of complementaryinstruments for making measurements of plasmas, energeticparticles, waves, and fields. The mission thus extended theinvestigations of previous IMP spacecraft. The launch of threecoordinated spacecraft in this mission permitted the separationof spatial and temporal effects. This heliocentric spacecraft hada spin axis normal to the ecliptic plane and a spin rate of about20 rpm. It was initially placed into an elliptical halo orbit aboutthe Lagrangian libration point (L1) 235 Earth radii on thesunward side of the Earth, where it continuously monitoredchanges in the near-Earth interplanetary medium. Inconjunction with the mother and daughter spacecraft, whichhad eccentric geocentric orbits, this mission explored thecoupling and energy transfer processes between the incidentsolar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. In addition, theheliocentric ISEE 3 spacecraft also provided a near-Earthbaseline for making cosmic-ray and other planetarymeasurements for comparison with correspondingmeasurements from deep-space probes. ISEE 3 was the firstspacecraft to use the halo orbit.

For instrument descriptions written by the investigators, seeIEEE Trans. on Geosci. Electron., v. GE-16, no. 3, July 1978.

In 1982 ISEE 3 began the magnetotail and comet encounterphases of its mission. A maneuver was conducted on June 10,1982, to remove the spacecraft from the halo orbit around theL1 point and place it in a transfer orbit involving a series ofpassages between Earth and the L2 (magnetotail) Lagrangianlibration point. After several passes through the Earth'smagnetotail, with gravity assists from lunar flybys in March,April, September and October of 1983, a final close lunar flyby(119.4 km above the moon's surface) on December 22, 1983,ejected the spacecraft out of the Earth-Moon system and into aheliocentric orbit ahead of the Earth, on a trajectoryintercepting that of Comet Giacobini-Zinner. At this time, thespacecraft was renamed International Cometary Explorer

ISEE 3

NSSDC ID: 1978-079A

Alternate Names

International Sun-EarthExplorer-C

ISEE-C

International CometaryExplorer

ICE

Explorer 59

11004

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-08-12Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 390.0 kgNominalPower: 173.0 W

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Astronomy

Planetary Science

Solar Physics

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for ISEE 3

PDMP information forISEE 3

Telecommunicationsinformation for ISEE 3

Experiments on ISEE 3


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


ISEE 3




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftPdmp.do?id=1978-079A


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftTelemetry.do?id=1978-079A


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ISEE 3









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/isee3.jpg



(ICE). A total of fifteen propulsive maneuvers (four of whichwere planned) and five lunar flybys were needed to carry outthe transfer from the halo orbit to an escape trajectory from theearth-moon system into a heliocentric orbit.

The primary scientific objective of ICE was to study theinteraction between the solar wind and a cometaryatmosphere. As planned, the spacecraft traversed the plasmatail of Comet Giacobini-Zinner on September 11, 1985, andmade in situ measurements of particles, fields, and waves. Italso transited between the Sun and Comet Halley in lateMarch 1986, when other spacecraft (Giotto, Planet-A, MS-T5,VEGA) were also in the vicinity of Comet Halley on their earlyMarch comet rendezvous missions. ICE became the firstspacecraft to directly investigate two comets. ICE data fromboth cometary encounters are included in the InternationalHalley Watch archive:http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?ds=XD-B3A

Tracking and telemetry support have been provided by theDSN (Deep Space Network) since January 1984. The ISEE-3/ICE bit rate was nominally 2048 bps during the early part ofthe mission, and 1024 bps during the Giacobini-Zinner cometencounter. The bit rate then successively dropped to 512 bps(on 9/12/85), 256 bps (on 5/1/87), 128 bps (on 1/24/89) andfinally to 64 bps (on 12/27/91).

An update to the ICE mission was approved by NASAheadquarters in 1991. It defines a Heliospheric mission for ICEconsisting of investigations of coronal mass ejections incoordination with ground-based observations, continuedcosmic ray studies, and special period observations such aswhen ICE and Ulysses are on the same solar radial line. ByMay 1995 ICE was being operated with only a low duty cycle,with some support being provided by the Ulysses project fordata analysis. Two years later, termination of operations ofICE/ISEE3 was authorized May 5, 1997.

As of January 1990, ICE was in a 355 day heliocentric orbitwith an aphelion of 1.03 AU, a perihelion of 0.93 AU and aninclination of 0.1 degree. This will bring it back to the vicinity ofthe earth-moon system in August, 2014. For instrumentdescriptions written by the investigators, see IEEE Trans. onGeosci. Electron., v. GE-16, no. 3, July 1978.

Data collections from ISEE3


Personnel


Dr. Keith W.Ogilvie

Project Scientist NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center

[email protected]

Dr. James B.Willett

Program Manager NASA Headquarters

Mr. Paul J.Pashby

Project Manager NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center

Mr. Louis J.Demas

Program Scientist NASA Headquarters

Mr. Gilbert D.Bullock

Mission OperationsManager


Selected References

Ogilvie, K. W., et al., Descriptions of experimental investigations and instruments for the ISEEspacecraft, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., GE-16, No. 3, 151-153, July 1978.

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?ds=XD-B3A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?ds=XD-B3A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ISEE 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ISEE 3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ISEE 3 (1978-079A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ISEE 3 (1978-079A)



Ogilvie, K. W., et al., International Sun Earth Explorer - A three spacecraft program, Science,198, No. 4313, 131-138, Oct. 1977.

Tsurutani, B. T., and T. T. Von Rosenvinge, ISEE-3 distant geotail results, Geophys. Res. Lett.,11, No. 10, 1027-1029, Oct. 1984.

Von Rosenvinge, T. T., et al., International Cometary Explorer mission to comet Giacobini-Zinner, Science, 232, 353-356, Apr. 1986.

Farquhar, R., et al., Trajectories and orbital maneuvers for the ISEE-3/ICE comet mission, J.Astron. Sci., 33, No. 3, 235-254, July-Sept. 1985.

Efron, L., et al., ISEE-3/ICE navigation analysis, J. Astron. Sci., 33, No. 3, 301-323, July-Sept.1985.

Other ISEE 3/ICE Data/Information from NSSDC

Image of ISEE 3's orbit.ICE data from International Halley Watch

Related Missions

ISEE SpacecraftISEE 1ISEE 2

Other International Halley Watch (IHW) SpacecraftGiottoSakigakeSuiseiVega 1Vega 2

Other Sources of ISEE 3 Data/Information

Trajectory data (ICE phase)


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/image/isee3_traj.jpg

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ihw2526.html


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1977-102B






http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/helios/heli.html

http://www.usa.gov/





ISSEE-3 ISEE-3. Otros nombres: 1978-079A, International Sun-Earth Explorer-C, ISEE-C, International Cometary Explorer, ICE, Explorer 59, 11004. Lanzamiento: 12 de agosto de 1.978 a las 15:12:00 GMT. Masa seca en órbita: 390 kgs. La sonda ISEE-3, de la clase Explorer, formaba parte de un conjunto de tres misiones (ISEE 1,2,3). Los objetivos de la misión eran:

- Investigar la relación terrestre-solar en los límites de la magnetosfera terrestre. - Examinar en detalle la estructura del viento solar cerca de la Tierra y las ondas de choque formadas en los límites entre el viento solar y la magnetosfera terrestre. - Investigar los movimientos y mecanismos del plasma - Continuar la investigación de los rayos cósmicos y las erupciones solares. Las tres naves llevaban instrumentos complementarios para realizar medidas de los plasmas, las partículas energéticas, las ondas y los campos. El lanzamiento de las tres naves de forma coordinada permite el estudio en diferentes zonas del espacio de los mismos procesos. Inicialmente la sonda se encontraba en una órbita elíptica alrededor del punto L1 a unos 235 radios de la Tierra (la primera sonda en tener esta órbita) y desde donde estudiaba los cambios del medio interplanetario, los rayos cósmicos y la incidencia del viento solar. En 1.982 la misión adquirió otro sentido cuando fue enviada a estudiar dos cometas. En una maniobra realizada el 10 de junio de ese año, la nave abandonó el punto L1 y tras una complicadísima serie de pases orbitales entre la Tierra y el punto L2, realizó varios encuentro con la Luna en marzo, abril, septiembre y octubre de 1.983. El 22 de diciembre de ese año realizó el último sobrevuelo lunar a una distancia de tan sólo 119,4 kms. de la superficie, lo que la llevó a abandonar el sistema Tierra-Luna para entrar en una órbita heliocéntrica que la llevaría a interceptar el cometa Giacobini-Zinner. En esos momentos la sonda cambió de nombre llamándose desde entonces International Cometary Explorer (ICE). El objetivo científico primario de ICE fue el estudio de la interacción entre el viento solar y la atmósfera cometaria. Como estaba planeado, la sonda atravesó la cola de plasma del cometa el 11 de septiembre de 1.985 y realizó mediciones de los campos y partículas allí presentes. Más tarde atravesó una zona del espacio entre el cometa Halley y el Sol en marzo de 1.986, mientras otras sondas estaban en las cercanías de este cometa. De esta forma, ICE se convirtió en la primera sonda que investigó dos cometas. El ritmo de envío de datos por parte de la nave estuvo constante durante la primera parte de la misión y se situaba en 2.048 bps. Durante el encuentro con Giacobini-Zinner bajó a 1.024 y llegó a tan sólo 64 bps el 27 de diciembre de 1.991. En 1.991 se le encomendó a la sonda una nueva misión. Estudiaría las eyecciones coronales de masa del Sol en coordinación con las observaciones desde nuestro planeta, continuaría el estudio de los rayos cósmicos y realizaría observaciones periódicas especiales cuando se encontrase en la misma dirección radial con respecto al Sol que la sonda Ulysses. En mayo de 1.997 se autorizó la finalización de las operaciones para esta veterana sonda. Volverá a las cercanías de la Tierra en agosto de 2.014.




Description

The Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (ISS) was part of Japan'scontribution to the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS).Its objectives were to accumulate data for study of the topsideionosphere and to survey radio noise at four frequencies, fromboth earth and cosmic sources. It prepared world-wide mapsof F2 critical frequency from the ionosphere sounding data.The ISS 2 was a small observatory with four experiments onboard. The spacecraft, a right cylinder, 82 cm long and 93.5 cmin diameter, was spin stabilized at about 13 rpm with the spinaxis normal to the ecliptic plane. Two pairs of crossed dipoleantennas extended from the central part of the satellite and layperpendicular to the spin axis. These antennas, 36.8 and 11.4m long, were unfurled in orbit and were shared by ionosphericsounding and radio noise experiments. A spherical retarding-potential trap sensor was mounted on a boom perpendicular tothe spin axis. A magnetic attitude sensor was mounted on asimilar boom on the opposite side of the spacecraft. Theremaining experiment involved a Bennett-type massspectrometer with two sensors flush-mounted on oppositeends of the spacecraft. Spacecraft attitude was determined bymeans of a magnetometer, a solar sensor, and an earthhorizon sensor. Small telemetry and command antennasextended from the spacecraft. The spacecraft was poweredfrom a battery solar-cell system with solar cells covering mostof the cylindrical surface. One recorder on board permittedspacecraft operation in either a recorded (for up to 112 min) orreal-time mode. Readout and real-time operation were donefrom Kashima, Japan, and Ottawa, Canada.

ISS-B

NSSDC ID: 1978-018A

Alternate Names

UME 2

ISS-2

Ionosp Sounding Sat 2

10674

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-02-16Launch Vehicle: NuLaunchSite: Tanegashima, JapanMass: 135.0 kg

Funding Agency

Radio Research Lab(Japan)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for ISS-B

Experiments on ISS-B

Data collections from ISS-B

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.

Personnel



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ISS-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ISS-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ISS-B

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ISS-B (1978-018A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ISS-B (1978-018A)











Dr. NobuoMatuura

ProjectScientist

Radio ResearchLaboratory

[email protected]

Prof. YukioHakura

ProjectManager

Radio ResearchLaboratory


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE, formerly SAS-D)satellite was a spaceborne ultraviolet astronomical observatoryfor use as an international facility. The IUE contained a 45-cmtelescope solely for spectroscopy in the wavelength range o1150 to 3250 A. The satellite and optical instrumentation wereprovided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Thetelevision cameras, used as detectors, were provided by theUnited Kingdom Science Engineering Research Council(SERC, formerly UKSRC). The European Space Agency (ESA,formerly ESRO) supplied solar paddles for the satellite and aEuropean Control Center. After launch, two-thirds of theobserving time was directed from a control center at GSFC;one-third of the time the satellite was operated from theEuropean Control Center near Madrid. The IUE observatorywas in a synchronous orbit.

The 45 cm Ritchey-Chretien f/15 telescope fed a spectrographpackage. The spectrograph package, using secondary electronconduction (SEC) Vidicon cameras as detectors, covered thespectral range from 1150 to 3250 A, operating in either a high-or low-resolution mode with resolutions of approximately 0.1and 6 A, respectively. The SEC Vidicons could integrate thesignal for up to many hours. At high resolution, spectra ofstellar sources were obtained as faint as 12th magnitude, whileat lower resolution, observations had been made of sourcesfainter than 17th magnitude. The latter observations required14 hours of integration time.

Listings of guest observers and their investigations can beobtained from the IUE Newsletter, IUE Observatory, Code 685,Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771,U.S.A. For more details, see A. Boggess et al., Nature, v. 275,p. 372, 1978; A. Boggess et al., Nature, v. 275 p. 377, 1978.

IUE was shut down at 18:42 UT, 30 September 1996.

IUE

NSSDC ID: 1978-012A

Alternate Names

International UltravioletExplorer

Explorer 57

10637

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-01-26Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 669.0 kgNominalPower: 424.0 W

Funding Agencies



Science and EngineeringResearch Council, UK(United Kingdom)

Disciplines

Astronomy

Planetary Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for IUE

PDMP information for IUE

Telecommunicationsinformation for IUE

Experiments on IUE


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data








http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=IUE











Data collections from IUE


Personnel


Mr. FrederickGordon, Jr.

MissionOperationsManager


Dr. Edward J.Weiler

ProgramScientist


Dr. Yoji Kondo Project Scientist NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center

[email protected]

Mr. Paul J.Pashby

ProjectManager


Dr. Andrew G.Michalitsianos

Deputy ProjectScientist


Dr. Guenter R.Reigler

ProgramManager


Selected References

Boggess, A., et al., IUE spacecraft and instrumentation, Nature, 275, No. 5679, 372-376, Oct.1978.

Boggess, A., et al., In-flight performance of the IUE, Nature, 275, No. 5, 377-385, Oct. 1978.

US Active Archive for IUE Information/Data

The IUE Archive at MAST(STScI)

Other Sources of IUE Information/Data

IUE Project at ESA


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=IUE

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: IUE (1978-012A)



http://archive.stsci.edu/iue/

http://www.vilspa.esa.es/iue/iue.html

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This mission was part of the Japanese contribution to theInternational Magnetospheric Study, and it carried outcoordinated observations with Kyokko. Investigations ofcorrelated mechanisms between particles and fields andplasma turbulence were made with in situ measurementtechniques using electrostatic particle analyzers. Thespacecraft, a 12-sided polyhedron, carried extendable dipoleantennas with lengths of 103 m and 69.6 m, and a 1-m boomfor a vector magnetometer. A solar panel array provided 30 Winto a battery and regulator system. The spacecraft spinstabilized at 150 rpm but dropped to 3 rpm when the two setsof antennas were extended. Attitude was measured with a sunsensor to an accuracy of 0.5 deg. A 0.5-w 136-MHz PCM/PMtelemetry system handled 256 or 1024 bps, and a 2-w 400-MHz PM system handled wideband 10-kHz or 3-kHz data.Data acquisition was in real time except for a 10-Kbytememory for housekeeping and plasma parameter data.

Jikiken

NSSDC ID: 1978-087A

Alternate Names

EXOS-B

11027

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-09-16Launch Vehicle: M-3HLaunch Site: UchinouraSpace Center, JapanMass: 92.0 kgNominal Power: 30.0 W

Funding Agency

Institute of Space andAeronautical Science, Uof Tokyo (Japan)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jikiken

Experiments on Jikiken

Data collections fromJikiken


Personnel



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Jikiken

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Jikiken

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Jikiken

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Jikiken (1978-087A)













Prof. HiroshiOya

ProjectScientist

University of Tohoku [email protected]

Dr. AtsuhiroNishida

ProjectScientist

Institute of Space andAeronautical Science

[email protected]

Prof. TatsuzoObayashi

ProjectManager


Dr. NobukiKawashima

ProjectScientist


[email protected]


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Jumpseat 4 was an electronics intelligence satellite launchedby the US Air Force from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3Brocket.

Jumpseat 4

NSSDC ID: 1978-021A

Alternate Names

10688

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-02-25LaunchVehicle: UnknownLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jumpseat4

Experiments on Jumpseat4

Data collections fromJumpseat 4



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 4

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Jumpseat 4 (1978-021A)











http://www.usa.gov/







Description

This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-11 (Key Hole-11) type Spacecraft. Spacecraft engaged ininvestigation of spaceflight techniques and technology.

KH 11-2

NSSDC ID: 1978-060A

Alternate Names

1978-060A

10947

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-06-14Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13000.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 11-2

Experiments on KH 11-2

Data collections from KH11-2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 11-2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 11-2


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: KH 11-2 (1978-060A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.

KH 9-14

NSSDC ID: 1978-029A

Alternate Names

1978-029A

10733

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-03-16Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-14

Experiments on KH 9-14

Data collections from KH 9-14



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 9-14














http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket.

KH 9-14 subsatellite

NSSDC ID: 1978-029B

Alternate Names

S3-4

10734

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-03-16Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 60.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-14subsatellite

Experiments on KH 9-14subsatellite

Data collections from KH 9-14 subsatellite



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 9-14 subsatellite

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 9-14 subsatellite

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 9-14 subsatellite

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 9-14 subsatellite

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: KH 9-14 subsatellite (1978-029B)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This satellite was a part of Japan's contribution to theInternational Magnetospheric Study. The mission objectiveswere to observe the aurora borealis, study aurora-relatedphenomena, and study the ionosphere and magnetosphere.The main body of the spacecraft was a cylinder 0.946 m indiameter with shallow truncated cones attached at both ends.Most of the surface was covered with solar cells that produced35 W. Two booms of roughly 1.9 m each extended outwardfrom the equator of the main body. At the tip of each boomwas a permanent magnet to provide alignment of thespacecraft center axis along the local geomagnetic field line.Two sets of circularly polarized quadrupole antennas, one forUHF (400 MHz) and another for VHF, extended from oppositeends of the spacecraft. The VHF antenna was diplexed fortelemetry (136 MHz) and command (148 MHz). Other attitudesensors included a vector magnetometer and a solar sensor.The spacecraft contained a tape recorder to store 160 min ofdata at 512 bps or 40 min at 2048 bps, with readout in 10 minat 8192 bps. Besides the solar cells, there was a nickel-cadmium battery for nighttime operation.

Kyokko

NSSDC ID: 1978-014A

Alternate Names

EXOS A

Exospheric Sat. A

10664

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-02-04Launch Vehicle: M-3HLaunch Site: UchinouraSpace Center, JapanMass: 126.0 kg

Funding Agency

Institute of Space andAeronautical Science, Uof Tokyo (Japan)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Kyokko

Experiments on Kyokko

Data collections fromKyokko


Personnel


Prof. Tomizo Itoh Project Scientist Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Kyokko

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Kyokko

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Kyokko

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Kyokko (1978-014A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Kyokko (1978-014A)











Prof. Kunio Hirao Project Manager Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

LANDSAT 3 was a modified version of the Nimbus satellite,with the general mission objective of extending the period ofspace-data acquisition for earth resources initiated byLANDSAT 1 (formerly ERTS 1) and continued by LANDSAT 2.The near-polar orbiting spacecraft served as a stabilized,earth-oriented platform for obtaining information on agriculturaland forestry resources, geology and mineral resources,hydrology and water resources, geography, cartography,environmental pollution, oceanography and marine resources,and meteorological phenomena. To accomplish theseobjectives, the spacecraft was equipped with a two-camerareturn beam vidicon (RBV) and a five-channel multispectralscanner (MSS) to obtain both visible and IR photographic andradiometric images of the earth. A data collection system wasalso used to collect information from remote individuallyequipped ground stations and to relay the data to centralacquisition stations. LANDSAT 3 carried two wide-band videotape recorders (WBVTR) capable of storing up to 30 min ofscanner or camera data. An advanced attitude control system,consisting of horizon scanners, sun sensors, and a commandantenna combined with a freon gas propulsion system,permitted the spacecraft's orientation to be controlled to withinplus or minus 1.0 deg in all three axes. Spacecraftcommunications included a command subsystem, operating at154.2 and 2106.4 MHz, and a PCM narrow-band telemetrysubsystem, operating at 2287.5 and 137.86 MHz, forspacecraft housekeeping, attitude, and sensor performancedata. Video data from the two-camera RBV system weretransmitted in both real time and from the wide-band recordersystem at 2265.5 MHz, while information from the MSS wasconstrained to a 20-MHz rf bandwidth at 2229.5 MHz.

Landsat 3

NSSDC ID: 1978-026A

Alternate Names

ERTS-C

Landsat-C

10702

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Disciplines

Engineering

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Landsat 3

Experiments on Landsat 3

Data collections fromLandsat 3


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Landsat 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Landsat 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Landsat 3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Landsat 3 (1978-026A)














Dr. Stanley C. Freden Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Dr. James C. Welch Program Manager NASA Headquarters


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Magion 1 was a Czechoslovakian subsatellite that separatedfrom Intercosmos 18 on November 14, 1978. It wasmagnetically stabilized and was designed to carry ionospheric-type experiments related to the International MagnetosphericStudy. MAGION had a prismatic shape (.3 x .3 x .15 m) andfollowed the orbit of Intercosmos 18. Czechoslovakparticipation in studies of mutual relations between the earth'smagnetosphere and ionosphere consisted mainly of measuringVLF phenomena on board MAGION, which was moving slowlyaway from Intercosmos 18, and in cooperating in themeasurements of plasma properties in the vicinity of thissatellite. For more details on the spacecraft and itsexperiments see P. Triska, et. al., Adv. Space Res., v. 2, n. 7,p. 53-56, 1983.

Magion 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-099C

Alternate Names

11110

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

Intercosmos (U.S.S.R)

Czechoslovakia Academyof Sciences (CzechRepublic)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Magion 1

Experiments on Magion 1

Data collections fromMagion 1


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Magion 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Magion 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Magion 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Magion 1 (1978-099C)














Dr. Pavel Triska Project Scientist Czech Academy of Sciences [email protected]


http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=MAROTS[20/09/2010 22:58:12]


Description

The MAROTS spacecraft was a three-axis stabilized satellitedesigned for relay of shore-to-ship and ship-to-shorecommunication channels (voice, data, and teleprinter). Thefinal orbit will be geosynchronous.

MAROTS

NSSDC ID: MAROTS

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for MAROTS

Experiments on MAROTS

Data collections fromMAROTS


Personnel





ProjectScientist



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=MAROTS

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=MAROTS

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=MAROTS

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=MAROTS

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=MAROTS

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: MAROTS (MAROTS)











http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Molniya 1/39 was a first-generation Russian communicationsatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbtial correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived at 1000 MHz. Television service was provided in afrequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w. Molniya 1/39,whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 m in diameter,was much heavier than corresponding U.S. COMSATs, and ithad about 10 times the power output of the Early BirdCOMSAT. In addition, it did not employ a synchronousequatorial orbit as do most U.S. COMSATs because such anorbit would not provide coverage for areas north of 70 deg nlatitude. Instead, the satellite was boosted from a low-altitudeparking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit with two high apogeesdaily over the northern hemisphere -- one over Russia and oneover North America -- and relatively low perigees over thesouthern hemipshere. During its apogee, Molniya 1/39remained relatively stationary with respect to the earth belowfor nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three or more Molniya 1satellites in this type of orbit, spacing them suitably, andshifting their orbital planes relative to each other by 120 deg, a24-hr/day communication system could be obtained.

Molniya 1-39

NSSDC ID: 1978-024A

Alternate Names

10696

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-39

Experiments on Molniya 1-39

Data collections fromMolniya 1-39



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 1-39


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 1-39


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Molniya 1-39 (1978-024A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Molniya 1/40 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/40, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/40 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.

Molniya 1-40

NSSDC ID: 1978-055A

Alternate Names

10925

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Molniya 1/41 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that contorlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/41, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATS, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/41 remained relatively staionary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.

Molniya 1-41

NSSDC ID: 1978-072A

Alternate Names

10984

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Molniya 1/42 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/42, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/42 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.

Molniya 1-42

NSSDC ID: 1978-080A

Alternate Names

11007

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.

Molniya 3- 9

NSSDC ID: 1978-009A

Alternate Names

10605

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications




Data collections fromMolniya 3- 9



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 3- 9

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 3- 9

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 3- 9

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 3- 9

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Molniya 3- 9 (1978-009A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.

Molniya 3-10

NSSDC ID: 1978-095A

Alternate Names

11057

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

NATO 3-C was a third generation communications satellitelaunched by NASA for NATO. The NATA SatelliteCommunications System provided immediate communicationslinks between officials of the various NATO nations. As of1998, one NATO 3 and two NATO 4 satellites were still inearth orbit at an altitude of more than 23,000 miles. Thesatellites were ultra-high, super- high, and extremely-highfrequency systems capable of providing secure voice and faxservices to hundres of NATO users sumultaneously. Membersof an Air Force Space Command unit provided command andcontrol for the NATO system.

NATO 3-C

NSSDC ID: 1978-106A

Alternate Names

NATO-E

11115

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

North Atlantic TreatyOrganization(International)


Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for NATO 3-C

Experiments on NATO 3-C

Data collections fromNATO 3-C


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=NATO 3-C

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=NATO 3-C

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=NATO 3-C

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: NATO 3-C (1978-106A)














Mr. Robert J. Goss Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the USDepartment of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clocknavigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces.Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integralasset in numerous civilian applications and industries aroundthe globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft,hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPSemploys 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at55 degrees. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes withfour operational satellites in each plane.

The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used todemonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solararrays supplied over 400 W. They had S-band (SGLS)communications for control and telemetry and UHF cross-linkbetween spacecraft. They were manufactured by RockwellSpace Systems, were 5.3 m across with solar panelsdeployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlikethe later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft wereinclined at 63 degrees.

Navstar 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-020A

Alternate Names

GPS 1-1

NDS

10684

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-02-22Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 450.0 kgNominalPower: 400.0 W

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Navstar 1

Experiments on Navstar 1

Data collections fromNavstar 1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Navstar 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Navstar 1


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Navstar 1 (1978-020A)














Description



Navstar 2

NSSDC ID: 1978-047A

Alternate Names

NDS 2

GPS 1-2

10893

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















Description



Navstar 3

NSSDC ID: 1978-093A

Alternate Names

GPS 1-3

11054

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data

























Description



Navstar 4

NSSDC ID: 1978-112A

Alternate Names

GPS 1-4

11141

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data

























Description

The Nimbus 7 research-and-development satellite served as astabilized, earth-oriented platform for the testing of advancedsystems for sensing and collecting data in the pollution,oceanographic and meteorological disciplines. The polar-orbiting spacecraft consisted of three major structures: (1) ahollow torus-shaped sensor mount, (2) solar paddles, and (3) acontrol housing unit that was connected to the sensor mountby a tripod truss structure. Configured somewhat like an oceanbuoy, Nimbus 7 was nearly 3.04 m tall, 1.52 m in diameter atthe base, and about 3.96 m wide with solar paddles extended.The sensor mount that formed the satellite base housed theelectronics equipment and battery modules. The lower surfaceof the torus provided mounting space for sensors andantennas. A box-beam structure mounted within the center ofthe torus provided support for the larger sensor experiments.Mounted on the control housing unit, which was located on topof the spacecraft, were sun sensors, horizon scanners, and acommand antenna. The spacecraft spin axis was pointed atthe earth. An advanced attitude-control system permitted thespacecraft's orientation to be controlled to within plus or minus1 deg in all three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw). Eight experimentswere selected: (1) limb infrared monitoring of the stratosphere(LIMS), (2) stratospheric and mesopheric sounder (SAMS), (3)coastal-zone color scanner (CZCS), (4) stratospheric aerosolmeasurement II (SAM II), (5) earth radiation budget (ERB), (6)scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR), (7)solar backscatter UV and total ozone mapping spectrometer(SBUV/TOMS), and (8) temperature-humidity infraredradiometer (THIR). These sensors were capable of observingseveral parameters at and below the mesospheric levels. Moredetails can be found in "The Nimbus 7 Users' Guide" (TRFB30045) and "Nimbus-7 Data Product Summary" (NASA RP-1215), available from NSSDC.

Nimbus 7

NSSDC ID: 1978-098A

Alternate Names

Nimbus-G

11080

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-10-24Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 832.0 kgNominalPower: 300.0 W

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Earth Science

Solar Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Nimbus 7

PDMP information forNimbus 7

Telecommunicationsinformation for Nimbus 7

Experiments on Nimbus 7

Data collections fromNimbus 7

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Coordinated


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Nimbus 7

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Nimbus 7

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Nimbus 7

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Nimbus 7 (1978-098A)











Request and User SupportOffice.

Personnel


Mr. Charles M.MacKenzie

ProjectManager


Dr. Albert J. Fleig,Jr.

ProjectScientist


[email protected]

Dr. George F.Esenwein, Jr.

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Mr. Paul Shapiro GeneralContact


Selected References

Nordberg, W., NASA plans for future earth resources missions, NASA-GSFC, X-900-75-295,Greenbelt, MD, Oct. 1975.

Hogan, G. D., System design consideration for the Nimbus G observatory mission, In -- SystemsDesign Driven by Sensors, Pasadena, CA, Oct. 18-20, 1976, AIAA, Paper 76-960, New York,NY, Oct. 1976.

Madrid, C. R., ed., Nimbus 7 user's guide, NASA-GSFC, Unnumbered, Greenbelt, MD, Aug.1978.

Streaker, M. D., Nimbus-G sensor systems, NASA-GSFC, X-430-74-72, Greenbelt, MD, Jan.1978

Kyle, H. L., ed., Nimbus 7 earth radiation budget (ERB) experiment team collected journalarticles, NASA, TM-86138, Greenbelt, MD, 1984.




http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Oscar 8 was launched by NASA with the Landsat 3 spacecraft.It was an AMSAT Oscar amateur radio communications relaysatellite.

OSCAR 8

NSSDC ID: 1978-026B

Alternate Names

10703

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for OSCAR 8

Experiments on OSCAR 8

Data collections fromOSCAR 8



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=OSCAR 8

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=OSCAR 8

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=OSCAR 8

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: OSCAR 8 (1978-026B)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

OTS 2 (Orbital Test Satellite 2) was an experimental satelliteinherited by ESA in 1975 from its predecessor, the EuropeanSpace Research Organization (ESRO). The first of the pair ofOTS satellites was lost at launch in September 1977. OTS 2became one the the first GEO communications satellites tocarry six Ku-band (14/11 GHz) transponders and was capableof handling 7,200 telephone circuits. With a mass ofapproximately 445 kg on station, the OTS 2 bus washexagonal with overall dimensions of 2.4 m by 2.1 m. Twosolar panels with a span of 9.3 m provided 0.6 kW of electricalpower. British Aerospace was the prime contractor from theEuropean MESH consortium which developed the OTS vehicle.It completed its primary mission in 1984 after which thespacecraft was involved in a 6-year program of experiments,including the testing of a new attitude control technique takingadvantage of solar wind forces. In January 1991, OTS 2 wasmoved out of the geostationary ring and into a graveyard orbit.

OTS 2

NSSDC ID: 1978-044A

Alternate Names

10855

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies



Disciplines

Communications

Engineering


Launch/Orbitalinformation for OTS 2

Experiments on OTS 2

Data collections from OTS2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=OTS 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=OTS 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=OTS 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: OTS 2 (1978-044A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This spacecraft was the Large Probe portion of the PioneerVenus Multiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry probes were carried by a spacecraft bus tothe vicinity of Venus and released for descent through theatmosphere to the planetary surface. Two Small Probesentered on the nightside and a Small Probe and this LargeProbe entered on the dayside of the planet. The spacecraftBus entered the atmosphere and obtained atmosphericcomposition data until burnup. Investigations emphasized thestudy of the structure and composition of the atmosphere downto the surface, the nature and composition of the clouds, theradiation field and energy exchange in the lower atmosphere,and local information on the atmospheric circulation pattern. Asister mission, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, placed an orbitingspacecraft around Venus 5 days before the Probes entered theatmosphere. Simultaneous measurements by the Probes andOrbiter permitted relating specific local measurements to thegeneral state of the planet and its environment as observedfrom orbit. The total cost of building and operating the probeswas $83 million.

Pioneer Venus Large Probe

NSSDC ID: 1978-078D

Alternate Names

Pioneer Venus ProbeLarge

Pioneer Venus 1978

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Large Probe

Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Large Probe

Experiments on PioneerVenus Large Probe

Data collections fromPioneer Venus LargeProbe

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer Venus LargeProbe





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftTelemetry.do?id=1978-078D



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Large Probe

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Large Probe

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Large Probe



mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Large Probe (1978-078D)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Large Probe (1978-078D)









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/pv_probe.jpg



Personnel


Dr. Lawrence Colin Project Scientist NASA Ames Research Center

Mr. Fred D. Kochendorfer Program Manager NASA Headquarters

Mr. Charles F. Hall Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center

Dr. Milton A. Mitz Program Scientist NASA Headquarters

Selected References

Donahue, T. M., Pioneer Venus results: An overview, Science, 205, No. 4401, 41-44, July 1979.

Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.

Colin, L., Ed., and D. M., Ed. Hunten, Pioneer Venus experiment descriptions, Space Sci. Rev.,20, No. 4, 451-525, June 1977.

Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC

Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe

Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set

COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site


Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cd-rom/web_store.cgi?category=pvo

http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/

ftp://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacecraft_data/pioneer/pioneer_venus/

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/venuspage.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-venus.html


http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/helios/

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter was the first of a two-spacecraftorbiter-probe combination designed to conduct acomprehensive investigation of the atmosphere of Venus. Thespacecraft was a solar-powered cylinder about 250 cm indiameter with its spin axis spin-stabilized perpendicular to theecliptic plane. A high-gain antenna was mechanically despunto remain focused on the earth. The instruments were mountedon a shelf within the spacecraft except for a magnetometermounted at the end of a boom to ensure against magneticinterference from the spacecraft. Pioneer Venus Orbitermeasured the detailed structure of the upper atmosphere andionosphere of Venus, investigated the interaction of the solarwind with the ionosphere and the magnetic field in the vicinityof Venus, determined the characteristics of the atmosphereand surface of Venus on a planetary scale, determined theplanet's gravitational field harmonics from perturbations of thespacecraft orbit, and detected gamma-ray bursts. UVobservations of comets have also been made. From Venusorbit insertion on December 4, 1978 to July 1980 periapsiswas held between 142 and 253 km to facilitate radar andionospheric measurements. Thereafter, the periapsis wasallowed to rise (to 2290 km at maximum) and then fall, toconserve fuel. In 1991 the Radar Mapper was reactivated toinvestigate previously inaccessible southern portions of theplanet. In May 1992 Pioneer Venus began the final phase of itsmission, in which the periapsis was held between 150 and 250km until the fuel ran out and atmospheric entry destroyed thespacecraft the following August. The orbiter cost $125 millionto build and operate for the first 10 years. For further detailssee Colin, L. and Hunten, D. M., Space Science Reviews 20,451, 1977.

Pioneer Venus Orbiter

NSSDC ID: 1978-051A

Alternate Names

Pioneer Venus 1

PVO

Pioneer 12

Pioneer Venus 1978Orbiter

10911

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-05-20Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 517.0 kgNominalPower: 312.0 W

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Planetary Science

Solar Physics

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Orbiter

PDMP information forPioneer Venus Orbiter

Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Orbiter

Experiments on Pioneer


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer Venus Orbiter










http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Orbiter









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/pv_orbiter.jpg



Venus Orbiter

Data collections fromPioneer Venus Orbiter


Personnel


Ms. Ann C. Merwarth Program Manager NASA Headquarters


Mr. Richard O. Fimmel Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center

Mr. Henry C. Brinton Program Scientist NASA Headquarters

Mr. John W. Dyer General Contact NASA Ames Research Center

Mr. Robert W. Jackson General Contact NASA Ames Research Center

Selected References

Colin, L., Pioneer Venus overview, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., GE-18, No. 1, 3-4, Jan.1980.

Nothwang, G. J., Pioneer Venus spacecraft design and operation, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem.Sens., GE-18, No. 1, 5-10, Jan. 1980.

Colin, L., Encounter with Venus, Science, 203, No. 4382, 743-745, Feb. 1979.









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Orbiter

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Orbiter

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Orbiter

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Orbiter (1978-051A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Orbiter (1978-051A)








http://www.usa.gov/





Pioneer-Venus 1 Pioneer Venus 1. Otros nombres: 1978-051A, PVO, Pioneer 12, Pioneer Venus 1978 Orbiter, 10911, Pioneer Venus Orbiter. Lanzamiento: 20 de mayo de 1.978 a las 13:13 UT. Cohete: Atlas-Centaur 50. Peso en órbita: 582 kgs. Potencia eléctrica: 312 W.

La Pioneer Venus 1 fue la primera de una misión compuesta por dos naves diseñadas para realizar una investigación en gran profundidad de la atmósfera de Venus. La nave midió con detalle la estructura de la atmósfera superior y de la ionosfera de Venus, su interacción con el viento solar, el campo magnético y las características generales de la atmósfera y la superficie. Además detectó explosiones de rayos gamma y realizó observaciones en ultravioleta de varios cometas. La sonda fue insertada en una órbita elíptica alrededor de Venus el 4 de diciembre de 1.978. Este orbitador era un cilindro plano de 2,5 metros de diámetro y 1,2 metros de altura estabilizado por giro. Todos los instrumentos y subsistemas de la nave fueron acoplados en la parte inferior de este cilindro excepto el magnetómetro, el cual se encontraba al final de un mástil extensible de 4,7 metros. Los paneles solares estaban fijados alrededor de toda la circunferencia del cilindro. Las comunicaciones con Tierra se conseguían con una antena de 1,1 metros de diámetro.

En total la sonda portaba 17 experimentos con una masa total de 45 kgs: - Fotopolarímetro para medir la distribución vertical de las nubes. - Radar superficial para determinar la topografía y las características de la superficie. - Radiómetro infrarrojo para medir las emisiones IR de la atmósfera. - Espectrómetro ultravioleta para medir la luz reflejada y emitida en estas frecuencias. - Espectrómetro neutral de masas para determinar la composición de la atmósfera superior. - Analizador de plasma del viento solar para medir las características de este viento. - Magnetómetro para medir el campo magnético de Venus. - Detector de campos eléctricos para estudiar el viento solar y sus interacciones. - Sonda de temperatura de electrones para estudiar las propiedades térmicas de la ionosfera. - Analizador de partículas cargadas para estudiar las partículas de la ionosfera.

- Espectrómetro de masa de iones para medir la población de iones de la ionosfera. - Dos experimentos de ciencias de radio para determinar el campo de gravedad del planeta. - Experimento de ocultación de radio para estudiar la atmósfera. - Experimento de carga atmosférica para estudiar la atmósfera superior. - Experimento de turbulencias en el viento solar y ciencia atmosférica de radio. - Detector de rayos gamma Hasta julio de 1.980 la órbita se mantuvo en su momento de mayor aproximación al planeta entre los 142 y los 253 kilómetros de distancia para facilitar las medidas de la ionosfera y el radar. La órbita llegaba hasta los 66.900 kms. con un periodo de 24 horas. El periapsis fue subido hasta los 2.290 kms. más tarde. En 1.991 el radar fue reactivado para investigar zonas que previamente habían permanecido inaccesibles en las regiones del sur del planeta. En mayo de 1.992 la Pioneer Venus comenzó su fase final con un periapsis de entre 150 a 250 kms. hasta que se agotó el combustible y se destruyó con una entrada en la atmósfera en el mes de agosto.




Description

The spacecraft was the Bus portion of the Pioneer VenusMultiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry Probes were carried by this Bus to thevicinity of Venus and released for descent through theatmosphere to the planetary surface. The trip to Venus took123 days. The Large Probe separated from the Bus on 16November and the Small Probes on 20 November. Two SmallProbes entered on the nightside, and one Small Probe and theLarge Probe entered on the dayside of the planet. Thespacecraft was spin-stabilized. The Large Probe took 1-1/2 hto descend through the atmosphere, while the three smallerprobes reached the surface of the planet 75 min after entry.The Bus portion of the spacecraft was targeted to enter theVenusian atmosphere at a shallow entry angle and transmitdata to Earth until the Bus was destroyed by the heat ofatmospheric friction during its descent. Investigatorsemphasized the study of the structure and composition of theatmosphere down to the surface, the nature and compositionof the clouds, the radiation field and energy exchange in thelower atmosphere, and local information on the atmosphericcirculation pattern. A sister mission, Pioneer Venus Orbiter,placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5 days before theProbes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneous measurementsby the probes and orbiter permitted relating specific localmeasurements to the general state of the planet and itsenvironment as observed from orbit. The Probes stoppedtransmitting temperature data about 15 km above the surfaceof Venus, but two Probes survived on the surface andtransmitted other data for a matter of seconds to minutes. TheBus ceased transmitting data at an altitude of about 165 km.The total cost of building and operating the probes was $83million.

Pioneer Venus Probe Bus

NSSDC ID: 1978-078A

Alternate Names

Pioneer 13

Pioneer Venus 1978

Pioneer Venus 2

11001

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Probe Bus

Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Probe Bus

Experiments on PioneerVenus Probe Bus

Data collections fromPioneer Venus Probe Bus

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer Venus Probe Bus








http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Probe Bus

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Probe Bus

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Probe Bus

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Probe Bus

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Probe Bus (1978-078A)









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/pv_bus_probes.jpg



Williams.

Personnel


Dr. LawrenceColin

ProjectScientist

NASA Ames ResearchCenter

Dr. Robert E.Murphy

ProgramScientist


Mr. Fred D.Kochendorfer

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Mr. Charles F.Hall

ProjectManager

NASA Ames ResearchCenter

Selected References











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Probe Bus (1978-078A)








http://www.usa.gov/





Pioneer Venus 2. Otros nombres: 1978-078A, Pioneer 13, Pioneer Venus 1978, 11001, Pioneer Venus Probe Bus Lanzamiento: 8 de agosto de 1.978 a las 07:33 UT. Cohete: Atlas-Centaur 51. Peso en órbita del conjunto: 904 kgs. Peso del bus: 290 kgs. Potencia: 241 W. Nombre de las subsondas: Pioneer Venus Large Probe. Otros nombres: 1978-078D, Pioneer Venus Probe Large. Peso seco en órbita: 300 kgs. Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North). Otros nombres: 1978-078E, Pioneer Venus Probe North. Peso: 75 kgs.

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night). Otros nombres: 1978-078F, Pioneer Venus Night Probe. Peso: 75 kgs. Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day). Otros nombres: 1978-078G, Pioneer Venus Day Probe. Peso: 75 kgs. La misión Pioneer Venus Multiprobe consistió en un bus (estructura) que portaba cuatro sondas, una de ellas mucho mayor que las otras tres. La misión fue lanzada por un cohete Atlas Centaur el 8 de agosto de 1.978. Después de 123 días de viaje, la mayor de las sondas fue liberada el 16 de noviembre y las tres pequeñas sondas restantes el día 20 del mismo mes. Todas las sondas penetraron en diferentes zonas del planeta el 9 de diciembre y fueron seguidas por el propio bus. La mayor de las sondas fue equipada con 7 experimentos científicos, que fueron introducidos en un recipiente herméticamente sellado. El diámetro de esta sonda era de 1,5 metros, aunque el contenedor medía 74 cms. Este recipiente iba cubierto con una cubierta protectora en forma de cono.

La cápsula penetró a una velocidad inicial de 11,5 kms/seg. pero después de la desaceleración inicial debida al rozamiento con la atmósfera se desplegó un paracaídas a 47 kilómetros de altura, tardando una hora y media en llegar hasta la superficie. La entrada se produjo en el ecuador del planeta en la cara que estaba en la oscuridad en ese momento. Los experimentos que portaba eran: - Espectrómetro de masas neutral para medir la composición de la atmósfera. - Cromatógrafo de gases para medir la composición de la atmósfera. - Radiómetro de penetración flujo solar en la atmósfera. - Radiómetro infrarrojo para medir la distribución de la radiación infrarroja. - Espectrómetro de tamaño de partículas para medir su tamaño y forma. - Nefelómetro para buscar nubes de partículas. - Sensores de temperatura, presión y aceleración. Las otras tres pequeñas sondas eran idénticas con un diámetro de 80 cms. También consistían en una cápsula esférica y hermética rodeada por un escudo protector pero no tenían paracaídas y los escudos no se llegaban a separar de la cápsula. Cada una de ellas llevaba un Nefelómetro y sensores de temperatura, presión y aceleración, así como experimentos para identificar fuentes de energía radiactiva en la atmósfera. Tardaron 75 minutos en llegar al suelo. Las señales de todas ellas fueron usadas para caracterizar los vientos, turbulencias y su propagación en la atmósfera. Cada una de ellas fue llevada a diferentes partes del planeta y se nombraron de acuerdo a este hecho. La sonda Norte entró en la atmósfera a unos 60º Norte en la cara diurna. La sonda Noche entró en la cara nocturna. La sonda Día entró en la cara iluminada y fue la única de ellas que continuó enviando señales de radio tras el impacto con la superficie durante una hora. Las demás dejaron de transmitir cuando llegaron a unos 15 kilómetros de la superficie. El Pioneer Venus Bus además llevaba dos experimentos, un espectrómetro de masa neutral y un espectrómetro de masas de iones para estudiar la composición de la atmósfera. Sin escudo protector ni paracaídas, el bus tan sólo sobrevivió hasta llegar a los 110 kilómetros de altitud antes de desintegrarse. Su diámetro era de 2,5 metros con un peso de 290 kgs. Nos porporcionó las únicas medidas de la atmósfera superior del planeta ya que las sondas de descenso no comenzaron a medir hasta que obtuvieron una mayor desaceleración al llegar a una altura menor.




Description

This spacecraft was the third Small Probe of the PioneerVenus Multiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry Probes were carried by a spacecraft Bus tothe vicinity of Venus for descent through the atmosphere to theplanetary surface. Two Small Probes entered on the nightside,and one Small Probe and one Large Probe entered on thedayside of the planet. The spacecraft Bus entered theatmosphere and obtained atmospheric composition data untilburnup. Investigations emphasize the study of the structuralcomposition and nature of the atmosphere down to thesurface, and of the clouds, the radiation field and energyexchange in the lower atmosphere; and local information onthe atmospheric circulation pattern. A sister mission, PioneerVenus Orbiter, placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5days before the Probes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneousmeasurements by the Probes and the Orbiter permittedrelating specific local measurements to the general state of theplanet and its environment as observed from orbit. The totalcost of building and operating the probes was $83 million.

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day)

NSSDC ID: 1978-078G

Alternate Names

Pioneer Venus 1978

Pioneer Venus DayProbe

Pioneer Venus ProbeDay

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe (Day)

Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe (Day)

Experiments on PioneerVenus Small Probe (Day)

Data collections fromPioneer Venus SmallProbe (Day)

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer Venus SmallProbe (Day)





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftTelemetry.do?id=1978-078G



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day)














be directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.

Personnel






Selected References











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day) (1978-078G)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day) (1978-078G)








http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This spacecraft was the second Small Probe of the PioneerVenus Multiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry probes were carried by a spacecraft Bus tothe vicinity of Venus for descent through the atmosphere to theplanetary surface. Two Small Probes entered on the nightside,and one Small Probe and one Large Probe entered on thedayside of the planet. The spacecraft Bus entered theatmosphere and obtained atmospheric composition data untilburnup. Investigations emphasized the study of the structurecomposition and nature of the atmosphere down to thesurface, and of the clouds, the radiation field and energyexchange in the lower atmosphere, and local information onthe atmospheric circulation pattern. A sister mission, PioneerVenus Orbiter, placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5days before the Probes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneousmeasurements by the Probes and Orbiter permitted relatingspecific local measurements to the general state of the planetand its environment as observed from orbit. The total cost ofbuilding and operating the probes was $83 million.

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night)

NSSDC ID: 1978-078F

Alternate Names

Pioneer Venus ProbeNight

Pioneer Venus 1978

Pioneer Venus NightProbe

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(Night)

Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(Night)

Experiments on PioneerVenus Small Probe (Night)

Data collections fromPioneer Venus SmallProbe (Night)


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer Venus SmallProbe (Night)






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftTelemetry.do?id=1978-078F




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night)















Personnel






Selected References











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night) (1978-078F)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night) (1978-078F)








http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This spacecraft was the first Small Probe of the Pioneer VenusMultiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry probes were carried by a spacecraft Bus tothe vicinity of Venus for descent through the atmosphere to theplanetary surface. Two Small Probes entered on the nightside,and one Small Probe and one Large Probe entered on thedayside of the planet. The spacecraft Bus entered theatmosphere and obtained atmospheric composition data untilburnup. Investigations emphasized the study of the structurecomposition and nature of the atmosphere down to thesurface, and of the clouds, the radiation field and energyexchange in the lower atmosphere, and local information onthe atmospheric circulation pattern. A sister mission, PioneerVenus Orbiter, placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5days before the Probes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneousmeasurements by the Probes and Orbiter permitted relatingspecific local measurements to the general state of the planetand its environment as observed from orbit. The total cost ofbuilding and operating the probes was $83 million.

Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North)

NSSDC ID: 1978-078E

Alternate Names

Pioneer Venus 1978

Pioneer Venus ProbeNorth

Pioneer Venus NorthProbe

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(North)

Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(North)

Experiments on PioneerVenus Small Probe (North)

Data collections fromPioneer Venus SmallProbe (North)


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer Venus SmallProbe (North)






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftTelemetry.do?id=1978-078E




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North)















Personnel






Selected References











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North) (1978-078E)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North) (1978-078E)








http://www.usa.gov/








Description

PRC 8 was a Chinese military photo surveillance satellite thatreturned a film capsule. This FSW (Fanhui Shi Weixing -Recoverable Satellite) satellite was launched from the ShuangCheng Tzu launch site aboard a CZ-2C rocket and returned itsfilm capsule on January 30, 1978.

PRC 8

NSSDC ID: 1978-011A

Alternate Names

China 8

FSW-0 3

Mao 8

10611

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-01-26Launch Vehicle: LongMarch 2CLaunch Site: ShuangCheng-Tzu, PeoplesRepublic of ChinaMass: 2500.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (PeoplesRepublic of China)

Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for PRC 8

Experiments on PRC 8

Data collections from PRC8



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=PRC 8

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=PRC 8

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=PRC 8

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: PRC 8 (1978-011A)
















Description

This spacecraft was a member of a continuing seriesmeasuring charged particles, plasma, magnetic fields, andsolar electromagnetic radiation. This mission was part of thesocialist countries' contribution to the InternationalMagnetospheric Study. The specific scientific goals of thismission were: (1) to study solar UV, X-ray, and gamma-rayemissions; (2) to monitor electrons and protons ininterplanetary space and the magnetosphere; (3) to investigatethe nuclear composition of solar and galactic cosmic rays; (4)to measure magnetic fields; (5) to search for discrete gamma-ray lines from the sun and space; (6) to analyze UV radiationfor possible excess in the galactic plane; and (7) to analyzeheavy high-energy ions in the magnetosphere. The spacecraftwas spin-stabilized, with the spin axis along the spacecraft Zaxis and pointed toward the sun (to within 10 deg). The spinperiod was approximately 120 s. The spacecraft orbitinclination was approximately 80 deg, the apogee was 203,000km, and the period was approximately 98 h.

Prognoz 7

NSSDC ID: 1978-101A

Alternate Names

11088

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-10-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 915.0 kg

Funding Agencies

Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)

Institut KosmicheskichIssledovaniy(Inst. ofCosmophysicalResearch) (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Astronomy

Solar Physics

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Prognoz 7

Experiments on Prognoz 7

Data collections fromPrognoz 7

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. Kent


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Prognoz 7

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Prognoz 7

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Prognoz 7

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Prognoz 7 (1978-101A)











Hills.

Personnel


Dr. Albert A.Galeev

ProjectScientist

Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)

[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Prognoz 7 (1978-101A)

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Progress 1 was an unmanned Soviet supply vessel launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Itdelivered fuel, consumable materials and equipment to theSalyut 6 space station. It deorbited on February 8, 1978.

Progress 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-008A

Alternate Names

10603

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Engineering

Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Progress 1

Experiments on Progress 1

Data collections fromProgress 1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Progress 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Progress 1


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Progress 1 (1978-008A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Unmanned automatic cargo spacecraft Progress 2 waslaunched by the USSR with fuel and other consumablematerials and equipment for the Soviet space station Salyut 6.It deorbited on August 4, 1978 at 1:32 GMT.

Progress 2

NSSDC ID: 1978-070A

Alternate Names

10979

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Automatic cargo spacecraft Progress 3 was launched by theUSSR with fuel and other materials aboard. It docked with theSalyut 6 space station and deorbited on August 6, 1978 at17:30 GMT.

Progress 3

NSSDC ID: 1978-077A

Alternate Names

10999

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Automatic cargo spacecraft Progress 4 was launched by theUSSR and carried fuel, consumable materials and equipmentto the Salyut 6 space station. It deorbited on October 26, 1978at 16:28 GMT.

Progress 4

NSSDC ID: 1978-090A

Alternate Names

11040

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Radio Sputnik 1 was launched by the USSR on the samerocket with Cosmos 1045 and Radio Sputnik 2. It carriedinstruments for amateur radio communication. The spacecraft's1700 km altitude circular orbit subjected the satellite to a greatdeal of radiation by flying through the lower levels of the VanAllen belts, which surround the earth at an altitude between1600 and 8000 km and are comprised of high-energy sub-atomic particles that can damage sensitive electronic devicescarried on satellites at this orbital altitude. Because of theradiation exposure, this satellite experienced unexpectedtransponder switching and hardware damage which made itless than reliable.

Radio 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-100B

Alternate Names

Radio Sputnik 1

RS-1

10085

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Radio 1

Experiments on Radio 1

Data collections fromRadio 1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Radio 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Radio 1


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Radio 1 (1978-100B)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Radio Sputnik 2 was launched by the USSR on the samerocket with Cosmos 1045 and Radio Sputnik 1. It carriedinstruments for amateur radio communications. Thisspacecraft's 1700 km altitude circular orbit subjected it to agreat deal of radiation by flying through the lower levels of theVan Allen belts, which surround the earth as an altitudebetween 1600 and 8000 km and are comprised of high-energysub-atomic particles that can damage sensitive electronicdevices carried on satellites at this orbital altitude. Because ofthe radiation exposure, this satellite experienced unexpectedtransponder switching and hardware damage which made thesatellite less than reliable.

Radio 2

NSSDC ID: 1978-100C

Alternate Names

RS-2

Radio Sputnik 2

11086

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Radio 2

Experiments on Radio 2

Data collections fromRadio 2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Radio 2



mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Radio 2 (1978-100C)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Raduga 4 was launched by the USSR and carried instrumentsfor telephone and telegraphic communication and transmittingtelevision programs, instruments of the command measuringcomplex, an orientation system, and an orbit correctionsystem.

Raduga 4

NSSDC ID: 1978-073A

Alternate Names

10987

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Raduga 4

Experiments on Raduga 4

Data collections fromRaduga 4



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Raduga 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Raduga 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Raduga 4

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Raduga 4 (1978-073A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Rhyolite 4 was a US Air Force electronic intelligence satellitelaunched from Cape Canaveral aboard an Atlas Agena-Drocket. It was placed in a geosynchronous earth orbit.

Rhyolite 4

NSSDC ID: 1978-038A

Alternate Names

10787

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-04-07Launch Vehicle: Atlas-AgenaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 700.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Rhyolite 4

Experiments on Rhyolite 4

Data collections fromRhyolite 4



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Rhyolite 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Rhyolite 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Rhyolite 4

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Rhyolite 4 (1978-038A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Satellite Data System (SDS-1) was composed of twooperational satellites that had supported near-real timecommunications between low altitude photographic intelligencesatellites and ground control stations, making it a critical part ofthe US Air Force Satellite Communications (AFSATCOM)System. In particular, SDS-1 served as a communications linkbetween the Air Force Satellite Control Facility at Sunnyvale,CA, and 7 remote tracking stations located at VandenbergAFB, Hawaii, Guam, Nahe Island, Greenland, the UK, andBoston. Furthermore, the SDS-1 enabled almost two-way real-time command, control, and UHF communications in the polarregion for Strategic Air Command (SAC) forces. The Northpolar region was not covered by communications satellites ingeostationary orbit, and therefore the SDS-1 filled the gap. Athird and unacknowledged function was to provide a relay forinformation from the KH-11 photo reconnaisance satellite to aground station, which was probably the Defense SpecialMissile and Astronautics Center at Fort Meade, MD. It flew in63 deg orbits, having high apogees over the North Pole andlow perigees. This gave it a long stay time over the polarregion, enabling it to relay communications to aircraft in thoseareas. Two of the SDS-1 satellites had to be in orbit for thecommunications to be constant. Each had 12 communicationschannels in the UHF band. The main transmitting antenna wasover 10 feet in diameter. The body itself, based on the designof the TACSAT, was cylindrical and about 13 feet long and 10feet in diameter. The outside cylinder, call the solar array, wasmade of a silicon skin and spun for thermal distribution of theheat load. The primary electrical power was provided by solarcharged batteries with a total of 980 watts of power.

SDS F-3

NSSDC ID: 1978-075A

Alternate Names

Satellite Data System F-3

10993

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-08-05Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-BLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for SDS F-3

Experiments on SDS F-3

Data collections from SDSF-3



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=SDS F-3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=SDS F-3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=SDS F-3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: SDS F-3 (1978-075A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Ocean Dynamics Satellite (Seasat 1) was designed toprovide measurements of sea-surface winds, sea-surfacetemperatures, wave heights, internal waves, atmospheric liquidwater content, sea ice features, ocean features, oceantopography, and the marine geoid. Seasat 1 provided 95%global coverage every 36 h. The instrument payload consistedof (1) an X-band compressed pulse radar altimeter (ALT), (2) acoherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR), (3) a Seasat-Ascatterometer system (SASS), (4) a scanning multichannelmicrowave radiometer (SMMR), and (5) a visible and infraredradiometer (VIRR). The accuracies obtained were distancebetween spacecraft and ocean surface to 10 cm, wind speedsto 2 m/s, and surface temperatures to 1 deg C. For moreinformation about Seasat 1, see "Seasat mission overview,"Science, v. 204, pp. 1405-1424, 1979, and a special issue onthe Seasat 1 sensors, IEEE J. of Oceanic Eng., v. OE-5, 1980.On October 10, 1978, Seasat 1 failed due to a massive shortcircuit in its electrical system. During most of its 105 days inorbit, Seasat 1 returned a unique and extensive set ofobservations of the earth's oceans.

Seasat 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-064A

Alternate Names

Seasat-A

10967

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-06-27Launch Vehicle: Atlas-AgenaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 1800.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Seasat 1

Experiments on Seasat 1

Data collections fromSeasat 1


Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Seasat 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Seasat 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Seasat 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Seasat 1 (1978-064A)














Dr. James A. Dunne Project Scientist NASA Jet PropulsionLaboratory

Mr. Walker E. Giberson Project Manager NASA Jet PropulsionLaboratory

Mr. Samuel W. McCandless,Jr.

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Soyuz 27 carried cosmonauts Oleg Makarov and VladimirDzhanibekov to the Soviet Salyut space station Salyut 6 andreturned the crew of Soyuz 26 to Earth. It was recoveredMarch 16, 1978 11:19 GMT.

Soyuz 27

NSSDC ID: 1978-003A

Alternate Names

10560

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Human Crew


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 27

Experiments on Soyuz 27

Data collections fromSoyuz 27



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Soyuz 27

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Soyuz 27


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Soyuz 27 (1978-003A)











http://www.usa.gov/





Soyuz 27

Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 10.01.1978 Launch time: 12:26 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 190 - 237 km Inclination: 51,57° Landing date: 16.01.1978 Landing time: 11:24 UT

Landing site: 265 km W of Tselinograd

Crew

No. Surname Given name Job

1 Dzhanibekov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Commander

2 Makarov Oleg Grigoriyevich Flight Engineer

Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing with Soyuz 26-capsule 265 km west of Tselinograd. First ever guest crew visiting the first resident crew on Salyut 6 spacestation. The four cosmonauts conducted many experiments, including Rezonans, which was designed to determine if resonant frequencies might threaten the structural integrity of the three-spacecraft combination (Soyuz 26, Salyut 6 and Soyuz 27). Additional work were photography of Earth surface, solar observation and astronomical experiments.

http://www.spacefacts.de/maps/english/e_bai_ussr_1.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/maps/english/e_soyuz-27.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/dzhanibekov_vladimir.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/makarov_oleg.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-26.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/salyut/english/salyut-6_1.htm�





Description

Soyuz 28 carried cosmonauts A.A. Gubarev (USSR) and V.Remek (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) to the Soviet spacestation Salyut 6. It was the first international "Intercosmos"team to carry out scientific research and experiments jointlydeveloped by Soviet and Czech specialists. It was recoveredMarch 10, 1978 13:45 GMT.

Soyuz 28

NSSDC ID: 1978-023A

Alternate Names

10694

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Human Crew







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/





Soyuz 28

Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 02.03.1978 Launch time: 15:28 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 192 - 246 km Inclination: 51,63° Landing date: 10.03.1978 Landing time: 13:44 UT Landing site: 135 km N of Arkalyk

Crew


1 Gubarev Aleksei Aleksandrovich Commander

2 Remek Vladimír "Volodya" Research Cosmonaut/ Checoslovaquia

Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing 135 km north of Arkalyk. First Interkosmos-Mission with a Czech-Slowakian cosmonaut on board. Docking on Salyut 6 spacestation. Interkosmos-missions had mainly political purposes but also some scientific experiments were performed, as crystall-growing experiments, materials processing, earth-observations, medical-biological tests.



http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/gubarev_aleksei.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/remek_vladimir.htm�




Description

Soyuz 29 was a manned Soviet mission that carriedcosmonauts V.V. Kovalenko and A.S. Ivanchenkov to theSalyut 6 space station to conduct scientific and technologicalinvestigations and experiments. It was recovered onSeptember 3, 1978 at 11:40 GMT after 140 days.

Soyuz 29

NSSDC ID: 1978-061A

Alternate Names

10952

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Human Crew







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/





Soyuz 29


Landing site: 140 km SE of Dzheskasgan

Crew


1 Kovalyonok Vladimir Vasiliyevich Commander

2 Ivanchenkov Aleksandr Sergeyevich Flight Engineer

Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing with Soyuz 31-spacecraft 140 km southeast of Dzheskasgan. 2. resident-crew of Salyut 6. After activating the stations life systems (air regenerators and thermal regulation system, the water recycling system), they performed maintenance on the station's airlock, installed equipment and tested the station's Kaskad orientation system. During the mission, the cosmonauts conducted numerous scientific experiments in the fields of medicine and materials science. Resident crew was visited by Interkosmos-flights of Soyuz 30 (28.06.1978) and Soyuz 31 (26.08.1978). Cargo-spacecrafts Progress 2 - 4 delivered water, food, fuel and equipment and turned back trash and no more needed equipment. EVA on 29.07.1978 by both cosmonauts to retrieve detectors and materials samples launched attached to the Salyut 6 hull (2h 05m). On 07.09.1978 the crew also relocated the Soyuz 31-spacecraft from the aft port of the station to the front port of the station for the first time. Later on this became a routine procedure. The crew set a new spaceflight record.



http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/kovalyonok_vladimir.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/ivanchenkov_aleksandr.htm�


http://www.spacefacts.de/salyut/english/salyut-6_2.htm�







Description

Soyuz 30 was a manned Soviet spacecraft used to dock withthe Salyut 6 space station. On board were the secondIntercosmos program, international crew consisting of P.I.Klimuk (USSR) and M. Hermaszewski (Poland). It wasrecovered July 4, 1978 13:30 GMT.

Soyuz 30

NSSDC ID: 1978-065A

Alternate Names

10968

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Human Crew







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/





Soyuz 30

Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 27.06.1978 Launch time: 15:27 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 195 - 244 km Inclination: 51,64° Landing date: 05.07.1978 Landing time: 13:30 UT Landing site: 300 km W of Tselinograd

Crew


1 Klimuk Pyotr Iliyich Commander

2 Hermaszewski Miroslaw "Mirek" Research Cosmonaut(Polonia)

Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing 300 km west of Tselinograd. Second Interkosmos-mission. Docking on Salyut 6 spacestation. Experiments on the field of materials science; photography of Earth surface and study of the aurora borealis together with the resident crew.

Photos / Drawings



http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/klimuk_pyotr.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/hermaszewski_miroslaw.htm�




Description

Soyuz 31 was a manned Soviet spacecraft launched withCosmonauts V.F. Bykosky (USSR) and S. Jahn (DDR) onboard to dock. Its mission was to dock with the Salyut 6 spacestation where the cosmonauts carried out scientific researchand experiments.

Soyuz 31

NSSDC ID: 1978-081A

Alternate Names

11010

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Human Crew







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/





Soyuz 31


Landing site: 180 km SE of Dzheskasgan

Crew

No. Surname Given name

1 Bykovsky Valeri Fyodorovich 2 Jähn Sigmund W. P. "Sig"(Ale

Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing with Soyuz 29-spacecraft 180 km southeast of Dzheskasgan; third Interkosmos-mission. Docking on Salyut 6 spacestation. Jähn became the first German in space. The crew conducted several scientific experiments in the areas materials research, Earth exploration, atmosphere research, medicine and biology. Using the two melting furnaces on board new connections and semiconductor structures were made of lead and tellurium, crystal growths experiments were performed and even optical glasses were melted. Observations to environmental pollutions were also performed. Life sciences experiments were performed on the fields of hearing sensitivity, time feeling and also tasting. Experiments to bacteria growth and for the development of single-celled organisms had also been done. Science work of Earth exploration included earth photography and meteorological measurements.



http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/bykovsky_valeri.htm�

http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/jaehn_sigmund.htm�


http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/jaehn_sigmund.htm�


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=SS78-1A[20/09/2010 23:26:41]


Description

SS78-1A

NSSDC ID: SS78-1A

Alternate Names

NAVPAC

SESP S78-1

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-05-01Launch Vehicle: nullLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United States

Discipline

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for SS78-1A

Experiments on SS78-1A

Data collections fromSS78-1A



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=SS78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=SS78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=SS78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=SS78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=SS78-1A

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: SS78-1A (SS78-1A)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=ST78-1A[20/09/2010 23:27:11]


Description

ST78-1A

NSSDC ID: ST78-1A

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-02-01Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunch Site: UnitedStates

Discipline

Engineering


Launch/Orbitalinformation for ST78-1A

Experiments on ST78-1A

Data collections fromST78-1A



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=ST78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=ST78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ST78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ST78-1A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ST78-1A

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ST78-1A (ST78-1A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

TIROS-N was an operational meteorological satellite for use inthe National Operational Environmental Satellite System(NOESS) and for the support of the Global AtmosphericResearch Program (GARP) during 1978-84. The satellitedesign provided an economical and stable sun-synchronousplatform for advanced operational instruments to measure theearth's atmosphere, its surface and cloudcover, and the near-space environment. Primary sensors included an advancedvery high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) for observingdaytime and nighttime global cloud cover, and a TIROSoperational vertical sounder (TOVS) for obtaining temperatureand water-vapor profiles through the earth's atmosphere.Secondary experiments consisted of a space environmentmonitor (SEM), which measured the proton and electron fluxesnear the earth, and a data collection system (DCS), whichprocessed and relayed to central data acquisition stations thevarious meteorological data received from free-floatingballoons and ocean buoys distributed around the globe. Thesatellite was based upon the Block 5D spacecraft busdeveloped for the U.S. Air Force, and it was capable ofmaintaining an earth-pointing accuracy of better than plus orminus 0.1 deg with a motion rate of less than 0.035 deg/s. Fora more detailed description, see A. Schwalb, "The TIROS-N/NOAA A-G Satellite Series," NOAA Tech. Mem. Ness 95,1978.

TIROS-N

NSSDC ID: 1978-096A

Alternate Names

11060

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-10-13Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 588.9 kg

Funding Agencies


NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)

Disciplines

Communications

Earth Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for TIROS-N

Experiments on TIROS-N

Data collections fromTIROS-N



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=TIROS-N

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=TIROS-N

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=TIROS-N

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: TIROS-N (1978-096A)













Personnel


Mr. Gerald W.Longanecker

Project Manager NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter

Dr. Ray J. Arnold ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Venera 11 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to studyVenus and the interplanetary medium. Each of the twospacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12, consisted of a flightplatform and a lander probe. Identical instruments were carriedon both spacecraft. The flight platform had instruments tostudy solar-wind composition, gamma-ray bursts, ultravioletradiation, and the electron density of the ionosphere of Venus.The lander probe carried instruments to study thecharacteristics and composition of the atmosphere of Venus.

Venera 11 was launched into a 177 x 205 km, 51.5 degreeinclination Earth orbit from which it was propelled into a 3.5month Venus transfer orbit. After ejection of the lander probe,the flight platform continued on past Venus in a heliocentricorbit. Near encounter with Venus occurred on December 25,1978, at approximately 34,000 km altitude. The flight platformacted as a data relay for the descent craft for 95 minutes untilit flew out of range and returned its own measurements oninterplanetary space. The platform was equipped with agamma-ray spectrometer, retarding potential traps, UV gratingmonochromator, electron and proton spectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasma detectors, and two-frequency transmitters.

More information on the Venera 11 descent vehicle is availableat:

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-084D

Venera 11

NSSDC ID: 1978-084A

Alternate Names

Venera 11 Flight Platform

11020

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 11

Experiments on Venera 11

Data collections fromVenera 11


Personnel



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Venera 11

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Venera 11


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Venera 11 (1978-084A)












Dr. V. G.Kurt

ProjectScientist


Mr. ArtemIvankov

GeneralContact

Lavochkin Association [email protected]

Selected References

Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Venera 11 descent craft carried instruments designed tostudy the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, thenature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of theatmosphere. Separating from its flight platform on December23, 1978 it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamicbraking followed by parachute braking and ending withatmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at06:24 Moscow time on 25 December after a descent time ofapproximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s.Information was transmitted to the flight platform forretransmittal to earth until it moved out of range 95 minutesafter touchdown.

It is unknown whether the Lander Probe carried an imagingsystem. No mention of it occurs in the Soviet literatureexamined by the author. Two other experiments on the Landerdid fail, and their failure was acknowledged by the Soviets.Some U.S. literature on the subject notes that the imagingsystem "failed" but did return some data. Among theinstruments on board was a gas chromatograph to measurethe composition of the Venus atmosphere, instruments tostudy scattered solar radiation and soil composition, and adevice named Groza which was designed to measureamospheric electrical discharges. Results reported includedevidence of lightning and thunder, a high Ar36/Ar40 ratio, andthe discovery of carbon monoxide at low altitudes.

More information on the Venera 11 flight platform is availableat:

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-084A

Venera 11 Descent Craft

NSSDC ID: 1978-084D

Alternate Names

Venera 11 Lander

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-09-09Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.R

Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 11Descent Craft

Experiments on Venera 11Descent Craft

Data collections fromVenera 11 Descent Craft


Personnel



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Venera 11 Descent Craft


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Venera 11 Descent Craft


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Venera 11 Descent Craft (1978-084D)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Venera 11 Descent Craft (1978-084D)









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/venera_11_descent.jpg



Dr. V. G.Kurt

ProjectScientist


Mr. ArtemIvankov

GeneralContact


Selected References



http://www.usa.gov/






The Venera 11 descent craft carried instruments designed to study the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, the nature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of the atmosphere. Separating from its flight platform on December 23, 1978 it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at 11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamic braking followed by parachute braking and ending with atmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at 06:24 Moscow time on 25 December after a descent time of approximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s. Information was transmitted to the flight platform for retransmittal to earth until it moved out of range 95 minutes after touchdown.

It is unknown whether the Lander Probe carried an imaging system. No mention of it occurs in the Soviet literature examined by the author. Two other experiments on the Lander did fail, and their failure was acknowledged by the Soviets. Some U.S. literature on the subject notes that the imaging system "failed" but did return some data. Among the instruments on board was a gas chromatograph to measure the composition of the Venus atmosphere, instruments to study scattered solar radiation and soil composition, and a device named Groza which was designed to measure amospheric electrical discharges. Results reported included evidence of lightning and thunder, a high Ar36/Ar40 ratio, and the discovery of carbon monoxide at low altitudes.

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-09-09 Launch Vehicle: Proton Booster Plus Upper Stage and Escape Stages Launch Site:

Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), U.S.S.R





Description

Venera 12 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to studyVenus and the interplanetary medium. Each of the twospacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12, consisted of a flightplatform and a lander probe. Identical instruments were carriedon both spacecraft. The flight platform had instruments tostudy solar-wind composition, gamma-ray bursts, ultravioletradiation, and the electron density of the ionosphere of Venus.The lander probe carried instruments to study thecharacteristics and composition of the atmosphere of Venus.

Venera 12 was launched into a 177 x 205 km, 51.5 degreeinclination Earth orbit from which it was propelled into a 3.5month Venus transfer orbit which involved two mid-coursecorrections, on 21 September and 14 December. After ejectionof the lander probe on 19 December, two days beforeencounter, the flight platform continued on past Venus in aheliocentric orbit. Near encounter with Venus occurred onDecember 21, 1978, at approximately 34,000 km altitude. Theflight platform acted as a data relay for the descent craft for110 minutes until it flew out of range and returned its ownmeasurements on interplanetary space. The platform wasequipped with a gamma-ray spectrometer, retarding potentialtraps, UV grating monochromator, electron and protonspectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasmadetectors, and two-frequency transmitters.

More information on the Venera 12 descent vehicle is availableat:

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-086C

Venera 12

NSSDC ID: 1978-086A

Alternate Names

Venera 12 Flight Platform

11025

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 12

Experiments on Venera 12

Data collections fromVenera 12


Personnel



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Venera 12















Dr. V. G.Kurt

ProjectScientist


Mr. ArtemIvankov

GeneralContact


Selected References



http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Venera 12 descent craft carried instruments designed tostudy the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, thenature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of theatmosphere. Separating from its flight platform on December19, 1978, it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamicbraking followed by parachute braking and ending withatmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at06:30 Moscow time on 21 December after a descent time ofapproximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s.Information was transmitted to the flight platform forretransmittal to earth. until it moved out of range 110 minutesafter touchdown. It is unknown whether the Lander Probecarried an imaging system. No mention of it occurs in theSoviet literature examined by the author. Two otherexperiments on the Lander did fail, and their failure wasacknowledged by the Soviets. Some U.S. literature on thesubject notes that the imaging system "failed" but did returnsome data. Among the instruments on board was a gaschromatograph to measure the composition of the Venusatmosphere, instruments to study scattered solar radiation andsoil composition, and a device named Groza which wasdesigned to measure atmospheric electrical discharges.Results reported included evidence of lightning and thunder, ahigh Ar36/Ar40 ratio, and the discovery of carbon monoxide atlow altitudes.

More information on the Venera 12 flight platform is availableat:



NSSDC ID: 1978-086C

Alternate Names

Venera 12 Lander

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1978-09-14Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.R

Funding Agency


Discipline

Planetary Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 12Descent Craft

Experiments on Venera 12Descent Craft

Data collections fromVenera 12 Descent Craft


Personnel



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data












mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Venera 12 Descent Craft (1978-086C)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Venera 12 Descent Craft (1978-086C)











Dr. V. G.Kurt

ProjectScientist


Mr. ArtemIvankov

GeneralContact


Selected References



http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Medium-Scale Broadcasting Satellite for ExperimentalPurposes (BSE) was an experimental communicationssatellite. Its main body was irregular in shape but roughlycubical. A symmetrical pair of rectangular solar panelsextended wing-like, on either side of the satellite body for atotal length of 8.95 m and width of 1.48 m. These were rotatedfor maximum solar exposure. Mounted on another side of thespacecraft was an eliptical-paraboloid antenna disk with acomposite three-horn radiator designed to efficiently irradiateprimary geographical areas of interest to Japan. The combinedheight of satellite and antenna was 3.09 m. The satellite bodywas 1.32 m wide by 1.19 m long. The spacecraft used active,three-axis stabilization employing zero-momentum wheels andhydrazine thrusters. Pointing accuracy was better than 0.2deg. The satellite was designed for a three year lifetime onlocation near 110 deg E. Experiments utilized 2.1, 2.3, 12, and14 GHz frequencies for satellite control/telemetry, and TVtransmission studies. The experiments involved studies of TVsignal characteristics, rainfall attenuation at 12 GHz,satellite/ground terminal performance, ground/satellitefrequency sharing, satellite control techniques, satellitebroadcasting operations, and TV signal quality assessment.

Yuri 1

NSSDC ID: 1978-039A

Alternate Names

BSE

Broadcasting Satellite forExperimental Purposes

10792

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

National SpaceDevelopment Agency(NASDA) (Japan)


Disciplines

Communications

Engineering


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Yuri 1

Experiments on Yuri 1

Data collections from Yuri1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Yuri 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Yuri 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Yuri 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Yuri 1 (1978-039A)













Personnel


Mr. Robert J. Goss Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center


http://www.usa.gov/





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