New NASA - NSSDC - Master Catalog - Spacecraft Query · 2010. 9. 11. · Thursday, 19 August 2010....

Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales

Año 1973 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA

NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=F834ED14DC2AAC68ED1A42D67A0DE42F[19/08/2010 0:12:27]

Thursday, 19 August 2010

Spacecraft Query Results

There were 136 spacecraft returned.

Spacecraft Name NSSDC ID Launch Date

AE-C 1973-101A 1973-12-16

Anik A2 1973-023A 1973-04-19

Aureol 2 1973-107A 1973-12-26

Bion 1 1973-083A 1973-10-31

Cosmos 543 1973-002A 1973-01-11

Cosmos 544 1973-003A 1973-01-20

Cosmos 545 1973-004A 1973-01-24

Cosmos 546 1973-005A 1973-01-26

Cosmos 547 1973-006A 1973-02-01

Cosmos 548 1973-008A 1973-02-08

Cosmos 549 1973-010A 1973-02-28

Cosmos 550 1973-011A 1973-03-01

Cosmos 551 1973-012A 1973-03-06

Cosmos 552 1973-016A 1973-03-22

Cosmos 553 1973-020A 1973-04-12

Cosmos 554 1973-021A 1973-04-19

Cosmos 555 1973-024A 1973-04-25

Cosmos 556 1973-025A 1973-05-05

Cosmos 557 1973-026A 1973-05-11

Cosmos 558 1973-029A 1973-05-17

Cosmos 559 1973-030A 1973-05-18

Cosmos 560 1973-031A 1973-05-23

Cosmos 561 1973-033A 1973-05-25

Cosmos 562 1973-035A 1973-06-05

Cosmos 563 1973-036A 1973-06-06

Cosmos 564 1973-037A 1973-06-08

Cosmos 565 1973-037B 1973-06-08

Cosmos 566 1973-037C 1973-06-08

Cosmos 567 1973-037D 1973-06-08

Cosmos 568 1973-037E 1973-06-08

Cosmos 569 1973-037F 1973-06-08

Cosmos 570 1973-037G 1973-06-08

Cosmos 571 1973-037H 1973-06-08

Cosmos 572 1973-038A 1973-06-10

Cosmos 573 1973-041A 1973-06-15

Cosmos 574 1973-042A 1973-06-20

NSSDC MasterCatalog Search

Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data

Lunar/Planetary Events

http://www.nasa.gov/

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/SpacecraftQuery.jsp

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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/MapQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/NewDataQuery.jsp

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/EventQuery.jsp



Cosmos 575 1973-043A 1973-06-21

Cosmos 576 1973-044A 1973-06-27

Cosmos 577 1973-048A 1973-07-25

Cosmos 578 1973-051A 1973-08-01

Cosmos 579 1973-055A 1973-08-21

Cosmos 580 1973-057A 1973-08-22

Cosmos 581 1973-059A 1973-08-24

Cosmos 582 1973-060A 1973-08-28

Cosmos 583 1973-062A 1973-08-30

Cosmos 584 1973-063A 1973-09-06

Cosmos 585 1973-064A 1973-09-08

Cosmos 586 1973-065A 1973-09-14

Cosmos 587 1973-066A 1973-09-21

Cosmos 588 1973-069A 1973-10-02

Cosmos 589 1973-069B 1973-10-02

Cosmos 590 1973-069C 1973-10-02

Cosmos 591 1973-069D 1973-10-02

Cosmos 592 1973-069E 1973-10-02

Cosmos 593 1973-069F 1973-10-02

Cosmos 594 1973-069G 1973-10-02

Cosmos 595 1973-069H 1973-10-02

Cosmos 596 1973-070A 1973-10-03

Cosmos 597 1973-071A 1973-10-06

Cosmos 598 1973-072A 1973-10-10

Cosmos 599 1973-073A 1973-10-15

Cosmos 600 1973-074A 1973-10-16

Cosmos 601 1973-075A 1973-10-16

Cosmos 602 1973-077A 1973-10-20

Cosmos 603 1973-079A 1973-10-27

Cosmos 604 1973-080A 1973-10-29

Cosmos 606 1973-084A 1973-11-02

Cosmos 607 1973-087A 1973-11-10

Cosmos 608 1973-091A 1973-11-20

Cosmos 609 1973-092A 1973-11-21

Cosmos 610 1973-093A 1973-11-27

Cosmos 611 1973-094A 1973-11-28

Cosmos 612 1973-095A 1973-11-28

Cosmos 613 1973-096A 1973-11-30

Cosmos 614 1973-098A 1973-12-04

Cosmos 615 1973-099A 1973-12-13

Cosmos 616 1973-102A 1973-12-17

Cosmos 617 1973-104A 1973-12-19

Cosmos 618 1973-104B 1973-12-19

Cosmos 619 1973-104C 1973-12-19

Cosmos 620 1973-104D 1973-12-19

Cosmos 621 1973-104E 1973-12-19

Cosmos 622 1973-104F 1973-12-19

Cosmos 623 1973-104G 1973-12-19

Cosmos 624 1973-104H 1973-12-19



Cosmos 625 1973-105A 1973-12-21

Cosmos 626 1973-108A 1973-12-27

Cosmos 627 1973-109A 1973-12-29

DMSP 5B/F4 1973-054A 1973-08-17

DSCS II-03 1973-100A 1973-12-13

DSCS II-04 1973-100B 1973-12-13

Europa 2 (F-12) EU2F12 1973-07-30

IMEWS 4 1973-040A 1973-06-12

IMP-J 1973-078A 1973-10-26

INTELSAT 4 F-6 INT4F-6 1973-01-01

INTELSAT 4 F-7 1973-058A 1973-08-23

Intercosmos 9 1973-022A 1973-04-19

Intercosmos 10 1973-082A 1973-10-30

ITOS-E ITOS-E1 1973-07-16

Jumpseat 2 1973-056A 1973-08-21

KH 8-39 1973-028A 1973-05-16

KH 8-40 1973-068A 1973-09-27

KH 9-05 1973-014A 1973-03-09

KH 9-06 1973-046A 1973-07-13

KH 9-07 1973-088A 1973-11-10

Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 1973-001A 1973-01-08

Mariner 10 1973-085A 1973-11-03

Mars 4 1973-047A 1973-07-21

Mars 5 1973-049A 1973-07-25

Mars 6 1973-052A 1973-08-05

Mars 7 1973-053A 1973-08-09

Meteor 1-14 1973-015A 1973-03-20

Meteor 1-15 1973-034A 1973-05-29

Molniya 1-23 1973-007A 1973-02-03

Molniya 1-24 1973-061A 1973-08-30

Molniya 1-25 1973-089A 1973-11-14

Molniya 1-26 1973-097A 1973-11-30

Molniya 2- 5 1973-018A 1973-04-05

Molniya 2- 6 1973-045A 1973-07-11

Molniya 2- 7 1973-076A 1973-10-19

Molniya 2- 8 1973-106A 1973-12-25

NOAA 3 1973-086A 1973-11-06

OPS 6630 1973-088D 1973-11-10

OPS 7705 1973-088B 1973-11-10

Pioneer 11 1973-019A 1973-04-06

Prognoz 3 1973-009A 1973-02-15

RAE-B 1973-039A 1973-06-10

Rhyolite 2 1973-013A 1973-03-06

Salyut 2 1973-017A 1973-04-04

Skylab 1973-027A 1973-05-14

Skylab CSM 1 1973-032A 1973-05-25

Skylab CSM 2 1973-050A 1973-07-28

Skylab CSM 3 1973-090A 1973-11-16

Soyuz 12 1973-067A 1973-09-27



Soyuz 13 1973-103A 1973-12-18

Transit-O 20 1973-081A 1973-10-30

+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010

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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-101A[19/08/2010 0:44:16]


Description

The purpose of the AE-C mission was to investigate thethermosphere, with emphasis on the energy transfer andprocesses that govern its state. The study of photochemicalprocesses accompanying the absorption of solar UV radiationin the earth's atmosphere was accomplished by making closelycoordinated measurements of reacting constituents and thesolar input. The AE-C spacecraft was a multi-sided polyhedronwith a diameter of approximately 1.4 m. It weighed about 660kg including 85 kg of instrumentation. The initial elliptical orbitwas altered many times in the first year of life by means of anonboard propulsion system employing a 3.5-lb thruster. Thepurpose of these changes was to alter the perigee height to129 km. After this period, the orbit was circularized and wasraised periodically to about 390 km when it would decay to 250km altitude. During the first year, the latitude of perigee movedfrom about 10 deg up to 68 deg north and then down to about60 deg south. During this period about two cycles through alllocal times were completed. The spacecraft could be operatedin either of two modes: spinning at a nominal 4 rpm or despunto 1 revolution per orbit. The spin axis was perpendicular to theorbit plane. Power was supplied by a solar cell array. Thespacecraft used a PCM telemetry data system that operated inreal time or in a tape recorder mode. The payload includedinstrumentation for the measurement of solar UV; thecomposition of positive ions and neutral particles; the densityand temperature of neutral particles, positive ions andelectrons; the measurement of airglow emissions,photoelectron energy spectra, and proton and electron fluxesup to 25 keV. More details can be found in A. Dalgarno et al.,Radio Sci.,v. 8, n. 4, p. 263, 1973.

AE-C

NSSDC ID: 1973-101A

Alternate Names

Atmosphere Explorer-C

Explorer 51

06977

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 658.0 kg

Funding Agency

NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)

Disciplines

Earth Science

Solar Physics

Space Physics

AdditionalInformation

Launch/Orbitalinformation for AE-C

Experiments on AE-C

Data collections from AE-C

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.

Personnel

Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-101A


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=AE-C

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=AE-C

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: AE-C (1973-101A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: AE-C (1973-101A)











Mr. J. Patrick Corrigan,III

Project Manager NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter

Dr. Nelson W. Spencer Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter

Mr. Frank W. Gaetano ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Dr. Erwin R. Schmerling ProgramScientist

NASA Headquarters

Other AE Data/Information at NSSDC

AE-AAE-BAE-CAE-DAE-E


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1963-009A




http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Anik A2 (Telesat 2) was a telecommunications satelliteweighing approximately 272.7 kb operating in a geostationaryorbit with an anticipated life of 7 years. It was approximately1.85 m in diameter and 3.38 m in height. The satellitecommunications system provided for 12 rf channels, two ofwhich were protection channels for the traffic carryingchannels. Up link transmission was in the 5.925- to 6.425-gHzband, and the down link operated in the 3.7- to 4.2-gHz band.Telemetry, tracking and command functions required forsatellite station keeping and positioning were also provided inthose frequency bands.

Anik A2

NSSDC ID: 1973-023A

Alternate Names

Telesat-B

Anik-B

Anik 2

Telesat 2

06437

Facts in Brief


Funding Agencies

NASA-Office ofApplications (UnitedStates)

Telesat Canada Ltd.,Ottawa (Canada)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Anik A2

Experiments on Anik A2

Data collections from AnikA2

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Anik A2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Anik A2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Anik A2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Anik A2 (1973-023A)













Personnel


Mr. Robert J. Goss Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Aureol 2 was a Soviet spacecraft launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Kosmos rocket. It's purpose was tocontinue investigations in the Earth's upper atmosphere at highlatitudes and to study the nature of polar aurora begun onboard the Aureol 1 satellite in 1971.

Aureol 2

NSSDC ID: 1973-107A

Alternate Names

Oreol 2

07003

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-26LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aureol 2

Experiments on Aureol 2

Data collections fromAureol 2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Aureol 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Aureol 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Aureol 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Aureol 2 (1973-107A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Bion 1 (Cosmos 605) carried several dozen rats, six boxes oftortoises, a mushroom bed, four beetles, and living bacterialspores. It provided data on the reaction of mammal, reptile,insect, fungal, and bacterial forms to prolongedweightlessness.

The spacecraft was based on the Zenit reconnaissancesatellite and launches began in 1973 with primary emphasis onthe problems of radiation effects on human beings. Launchesin the program included Cosmos 110, 605, 670, 782, plusNauka modules flown on Zenit-2M reconnaissance satellites.90 kg of equipment could be contained in the external Naukamodule.

Bion 1

NSSDC ID: 1973-083A

Alternate Names

Cosmos 605

Biocosmos 1

06913

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-10-31LaunchVehicle: Soyuz-ULaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg

Funding Agency

Institute of BiomedicalProblems, Moscow(U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Life Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Bion 1

Experiments on Bion 1

Data collections from Bion1



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Bion 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Bion 1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Bion 1

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Bion 1 (1973-083A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 543 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.

Cosmos 543

NSSDC ID: 1973-002A

Alternate Names

06339

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-01-11Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Surveillance and OtherMilitary


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos543

Experiments on Cosmos543

Data collections fromCosmos 543



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Cosmos 543


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Cosmos 543


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 543 (1973-002A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 544 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.

From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.

Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.

Cosmos 544

NSSDC ID: 1973-003A

Alternate Names

06343

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-01-20LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 545 was a military weather satellite launched as partof the Cosmos space research program. Its actual mission wasto determine cloudcover conditions over selected areas.Cosmos 545 was one of a long series of spin-stabilizedspacecraft that is believed to have originated concurrently withthe Soviets first tests, in 1962, of recoverable reconnaissancesatellites. To achieve greater spatial resolution, these Cosmosmilitary weather satellites were launched into relatively loworbits. Consequently, the spacecraft had a fairly short lifetime(generally five to six months) and must be continually replaced.It appears that launches of this type are made most frequentlyin spring and summer, and taper off in the winter months.Other than this, little is known about the Cosmos militaryweather satellite.

Cosmos 545

NSSDC ID: 1973-004A

Alternate Names

06348

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-01-24LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 546 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aKosmos 3 rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.

Cosmos 546

NSSDC ID: 1973-005A

Alternate Names

06350

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-01-26LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Uncategorized Cosmos







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 547 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 547

NSSDC ID: 1973-006A

Alternate Names

06353

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 548 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satelllite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.

Cosmos 548

NSSDC ID: 1973-008A

Alternate Names

06359

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description




Cosmos 549

NSSDC ID: 1973-010A

Alternate Names

06373

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 550 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.

Cosmos 550

NSSDC ID: 1973-011A

Alternate Names

06376

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 551

NSSDC ID: 1973-012A

Alternate Names

06378

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 552 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated sciencecapsule.

Cosmos 552

NSSDC ID: 1973-016A

Alternate Names

06394

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-03-22LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II




















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Cosmos 553 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.

DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.

Cosmos 553

NSSDC ID: 1973-020A

Alternate Names

06427

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 554 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.Exploded in orbit.

Cosmos 554

NSSDC ID: 1973-021A

Alternate Names

06432

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 555

NSSDC ID: 1973-024A

Alternate Names

06440

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 556

NSSDC ID: 1973-025A

Alternate Names

06446

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 557 was believed to be an unmanned Soyuz-typevehicle. It may have been launched in an attempt to salvagepart of the Salyut 2 mission, to serve as a substitute for theSalyut vehicle. It transmitted on a frequency of 922.75 mh, thesame as used by Salyut spacecraft.

Cosmos 557

NSSDC ID: 1973-026A

Alternate Names

06498

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-05-11Launch Vehicle: ProtonLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 19400.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description



Cosmos 558

NSSDC ID: 1973-029A

Alternate Names

06645

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Uncategorized Cosmos







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 559

NSSDC ID: 1973-030A

Alternate Names

06647

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 560

NSSDC ID: 1973-031A

Alternate Names

06652

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 561 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It also carried a gamma-ray telescope experiment capsule.

Cosmos 561

NSSDC ID: 1973-033A

Alternate Names

06657

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Astronomy








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description



Cosmos 562

NSSDC ID: 1973-035A

Alternate Names

06665

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 563 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It wa maneuverable.

Cosmos 563

NSSDC ID: 1973-036A

Alternate Names

06667

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.

Cosmos 564

NSSDC ID: 1973-037A

Alternate Names

06675

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037B[19/08/2010 0:58:57]


Description


Cosmos 565

NSSDC ID: 1973-037B

Alternate Names

06676

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037B







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 565 (1973-037B)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037C[19/08/2010 0:59:17]


Description


Cosmos 566

NSSDC ID: 1973-037C

Alternate Names

06677

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037C







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 566 (1973-037C)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037D[19/08/2010 0:59:39]


Description


Cosmos 567

NSSDC ID: 1973-037D

Alternate Names

06678

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037D







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 567 (1973-037D)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037E[19/08/2010 0:59:59]


Description


Cosmos 568

NSSDC ID: 1973-037E

Alternate Names

06679

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037E







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 568 (1973-037E)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037F[19/08/2010 1:00:59]


Description


Cosmos 569

NSSDC ID: 1973-037F

Alternate Names

06680

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037F







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 569 (1973-037F)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037G[19/08/2010 1:01:52]


Description


Cosmos 570

NSSDC ID: 1973-037G

Alternate Names

06681

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037G







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 570 (1973-037G)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037H[19/08/2010 1:02:33]


Description


Cosmos 571

NSSDC ID: 1973-037H

Alternate Names

06682

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1973-037H







mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Cosmos 571 (1973-037H)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 572

NSSDC ID: 1973-038A

Alternate Names

06684

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-06-10Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 573 was a Soviet Soyuz test flight launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It wasrecovered on June 17, 1973 at 6:01 GMT.

Cosmos 573

NSSDC ID: 1973-041A

Alternate Names

06694

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Engineering







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices

NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010







Friday, 20 August 2010

Description

Cosmos 575 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated capsule.

Cosmos 575

NSSDC ID: 1973-043A

Alternate Names

06709

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 576

NSSDC ID: 1973-044A

Alternate Names

06713

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 577

NSSDC ID: 1973-048A

Alternate Names

06745

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 578 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 578

NSSDC ID: 1973-051A

Alternate Names

06759

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 579

NSSDC ID: 1973-055A

Alternate Names

06789

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description



Cosmos 580

NSSDC ID: 1973-057A

Alternate Names

06793

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 581

NSSDC ID: 1973-059A

Alternate Names

06798

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description




Cosmos 582

NSSDC ID: 1973-060A

Alternate Names

06802

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 583 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated capsule.

Cosmos 583

NSSDC ID: 1973-062A

Alternate Names

06809

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 584

NSSDC ID: 1973-063A

Alternate Names

06818

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 585 was a Soviet geodetic satellite launched from thePlesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Cosmos 11 rocket.

The Sfera geodetic system covered a broad development forsolving problems in geodetics, continental drift, and preciselocation of cartographic points. The spacecraft was equippedwith measurement and signalling apparatus, providingassistance in measuring astronomical-geodetic points ofmilitary topographical research for the Red Army General Staff.The satellite allowed improved accuracy for long rangeweapons. Reshetnev was the Chief Designer. Flight tests werefrom 1968 to 1972. Series flights were from 1973 to 1980. TheKosmos 3M launcher was used. Colonel Ye S Shchapov wasin charge of Sfera development. Sfera used the basic KAUR-1bus, consisting of a 2.035 m diameter cylindrical spacecraftbody, with solar cells and radiators of the thermostatictemperature regulating system mounted on the exterior.Orientation was by a single-axis magneto-gravitational (gravitygradient boom) passive system. The hermetically sealedcompartment had the equipment mounted in cruciform bays,with the chemical batteries protecting the radio and guidanceequipment mounted at the centre.

Cosmos 585

NSSDC ID: 1973-064A

Alternate Names

06825

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Earth Science







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 586 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.

Cosmos 586

NSSDC ID: 1973-065A

Alternate Names

06828

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Navigation & GlobalPositioning







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 587

NSSDC ID: 1973-066A

Alternate Names

06832

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 588

NSSDC ID: 1973-069A

Alternate Names

06845

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 589

NSSDC ID: 1973-069B

Alternate Names

06846

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 590

NSSDC ID: 1973-069C

Alternate Names

06847

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 591

NSSDC ID: 1973-069D

Alternate Names

06848

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 592

NSSDC ID: 1973-069E

Alternate Names

06849

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 593

NSSDC ID: 1973-069F

Alternate Names

06850

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 594

NSSDC ID: 1973-069G

Alternate Names

06851

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 595

NSSDC ID: 1973-069H

Alternate Names

06852

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 596 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated capsule.

Cosmos 596

NSSDC ID: 1973-070A

Alternate Names

06856

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 597 was a Soviet high resolution photoreconnaissance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It returned a film capsule.

Cosmos 597

NSSDC ID: 1973-071A

Alternate Names

06858

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 598 was a Soviet high resolution photoreconnaissance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It returned a film capsuleto earth.

Cosmos 598

NSSDC ID: 1973-072A

Alternate Names

06862

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 599 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 599

NSSDC ID: 1973-073A

Alternate Names

06867

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 600

NSSDC ID: 1973-074A

Alternate Names

06873

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests

Cosmos 601

NSSDC ID: 1973-075A

Alternate Names

06875

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 602

NSSDC ID: 1973-077A

Alternate Names

06885

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 603

NSSDC ID: 1973-079A

Alternate Names

06900

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description




Cosmos 604

NSSDC ID: 1973-080A

Alternate Names

06907

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 606 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Molniyarocket. It replaced Cosmos 520 and covered the Okoconstellation plane 3 - 359 degree longitude of ascendingnode.

Cosmos 606

NSSDC ID: 1973-084A

Alternate Names

06916

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-11-02LaunchVehicle: Molniya-MLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 607 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.

Cosmos 607

NSSDC ID: 1973-087A

Alternate Names

06926

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description



Cosmos 608

NSSDC ID: 1973-091A

Alternate Names

06941

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 609

NSSDC ID: 1973-092A

Alternate Names

06943

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description




Cosmos 610

NSSDC ID: 1973-093A

Alternate Names

06950

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description



Cosmos 611

NSSDC ID: 1973-094A

Alternate Names

06952

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 612

NSSDC ID: 1973-095A

Alternate Names

06953

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 613 was an unmanned Soviet Soyuz ferry durationtest flight launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard aSoyuz rocket. It was recovered on January 29, 1974 at 5:29GMT.

Cosmos 613

NSSDC ID: 1973-096A

Alternate Names

06957

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Engineering







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.

Cosmos 614

NSSDC ID: 1973-098A

Alternate Names

06965

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description



Cosmos 615

NSSDC ID: 1973-099A

Alternate Names

06971

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 616

NSSDC ID: 1973-102A

Alternate Names

06979

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-17LaunchVehicle: Soyuz-MLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 617

NSSDC ID: 1973-104A

Alternate Names

06985

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 618

NSSDC ID: 1973-104B

Alternate Names

06986

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 619

NSSDC ID: 1973-104C

Alternate Names

06987

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 620

NSSDC ID: 1973-104D

Alternate Names

06988

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 621

NSSDC ID: 1973-104E

Alternate Names

06989

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 622

NSSDC ID: 1973-104F

Alternate Names

06990

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 623

NSSDC ID: 1973-104G

Alternate Names

06991

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 624

NSSDC ID: 1973-104H

Alternate Names

06992

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


Cosmos 625

NSSDC ID: 1973-105A

Alternate Names

06995

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 626 was a Soviet nuclear powered Radar OceanReconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT) launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. TheRORSATs were designed to search the oceans for US Navytask forces and other shipping.

Cosmos 626

NSSDC ID: 1973-108A

Alternate Names

07005

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-27LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-2Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 3800.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Cosmos 627 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.

Cosmos 627

NSSDC ID: 1973-109A

Alternate Names

07008

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

DMSP (73-054A), also known as DMSP 7529, was one of aseries of meteorological satellites developed and operated bythe Air Force under the Defense Meteorological SatelliteProgram. This program, previously known as Data Acquisitionand Processing Program (DAPP), was classified until March1973. The objective of this program was to provide globalvisual and infrared (IR) cloudcover data and specializedenvironmental data to support Department of Defenserequirements. Operationally, the program consisted of twosatellites in 830 km sun-synchronous polar orbits, with theascending node of one satellite near the sunrise terminatorand the other near local noon. The satellite, shaped like thefrustum of a polyhedron, consisted of four subassemblies -- (1)a solar array hat, (2) a base-plate assembly, (3) a sensor AVE(Aerospace Vehicle Electronics) package (SAP), and (4) a dataprocessing system. The primary sensor (SAP) was a fourchannel scanning radiometer. Secondary sensors included avertical temperature profile radiometer (supplementary sensorE - SSE) and an electron spectrograph (supplementary sensorJ/2 - SSJ/2), which were mounted, along with the primarysensor, on the base-plate assembly. Spacecraft stabilizationwas controlled by a combination flywheel and magnetic controlcoil system so that the sensors were maintained in the desiredearth-looking mode. The data processing system includedthree tape recorders capable of storing a total of 440 min ofdata, which allowed full global coverage twice daily. Eitherrecorded or real-time data were transmitted to groundreceiving sites via an s-band transmitter. Recorded data wereread out to tracking sites located at Fairchild AFB, WA, andLoring AFB, ME, and relayed to Air Force Global WeatherCentral, Offutt AFB, NE. Real-time data were read out atmobile tactical sites located around the world.

DMSP 5B/F4

NSSDC ID: 1973-054A

Alternate Names

DMSP 7529

06787

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-08-17Launch Vehicle: ThorLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 195.0 kg

Funding Agency

Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)

Disciplines

Earth Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for DMSP5B/F4

Experiments on DMSP5B/F4

Data collections fromDMSP 5B/F4

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.

Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5B/F4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5B/F4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5B/F4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DMSP 5B/F4

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DMSP 5B/F4 (1973-054A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DMSP 5B/F4 (1973-054A)












Project Manager US Air Force Space Division


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.

DSCS II-03

NSSDC ID: 1973-100A

Alternate Names

06973

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-13Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 566.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-03

Experiments on DSCS II-03

Data collections fromDSCS II-03



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=DSCS II-03


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=DSCS II-03


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DSCS II-03 (1973-100A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.

DSCS II-04

NSSDC ID: 1973-100B

Alternate Names

06974

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-13Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 566.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-04

Experiments on DSCS II-04

Data collections fromDSCS II-04



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: DSCS II-04 (1973-100B)











http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=EU2F12[20/08/2010 23:44:57]


Description

The F-12 mission was to demonstrate that the four-stageEuropa 2 vehicle can put a 386 kg payload into an ellipticaltransfer orbit the characteristics of which are such that,assuming the availability of a suitable apogee motor, ageostationary orbit could be obtained. A maximum effectiveoperating lifetime of 80 hr was expected.

Europa 2 (F-12)

NSSDC ID: EU2F12

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-07-30LaunchVehicle: Europa 2Launch Site: Kourou,French GuianaMass: 386.0 kg

Funding Agency

European Space Agency(International)

Discipline

Engineering


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Europa 2(F-12)

Experiments on Europa 2(F-12)

Data collections fromEuropa 2 (F-12)


Personnel


Mr. Gerard Chauvallon Project Manager European Space Agency


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=EU2F12



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Europa 2 (F-12)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Europa 2 (F-12)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Europa 2 (F-12)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Europa 2 (F-12)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Europa 2 (F-12) (EU2F12)











http://www.usa.gov/







Description

IMEWS 4 was the fourth in a series of first generation DSPprogram of Integrated Missile Early Warning Satellitesmanufactered by TRW for the US Air Force. The spacecraftspun slowly (6 rpm) about the nadir axis to permit scanning ofthe Earth by the detector system. Body mounted anddeployable panels provided 400W of power.

IMEWS 4

NSSDC ID: 1973-040A

Alternate Names

Early Warning 4

DSP F4

06691

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-06-12Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 820.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for IMEWS 4

Experiments on IMEWS 4

Data collections fromIMEWS 4


Image courtesy of the USAF Defense Support Program.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


IMEWS 4




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=IMEWS 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=IMEWS 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=IMEWS 4

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: IMEWS 4 (1973-040A)











http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/dsp_f04.jpg




Description

IMP 8 (Explorer 50), the last satellite of the IMP series, was adrum-shaped spacecraft, 135.6 cm across and 157.4 cm high,instrumented for interplanetary and magnetotail studies ofcosmic rays, energetic solar particles, plasma, and electricand magnetic fields. Its initial orbit was more elliptical thanintended, with apogee and perigee distances of about 45 and25 earth radii. Its eccentricity decreased after launch. Its orbitalinclination varied between 0 deg and about 55 deg with aperiodicity of several years. The spacecraft spin axis wasnormal to the ecliptic plane, and the spin rate was 23 rpm. Thedata telemetry rate was 1600 bps. The spacecraft was in thesolar wind for 7 to 8 days of every 12.5 day orbit. Telemetrycoverage was 90% in the early years, but only 60-70% throughmost of the 1980's and early 1990's. Coverage returned to the90% range in the mid to late 1990's. The objectives of theextended IMP-8 operations were to provide solar windparameters as input for magnetospheric studies and as a 1-AUbaseline for deep space studies, and to continue solar cyclevariation studies with a single set of well-calibrated andunderstood instruments. In October, 2001, IMP 8 wasterminated as an independent mission. Telemetry acquisitionresumed after about three months at Canberra only (30-50%coverage), as an adjunct to the Voyager and Ulysses missions.Last useful science data from IMP 8 was acquired on October7, 2006.

IMP-J

NSSDC ID: 1973-078A

Alternate Names

IMP 8

Explorer 50

06893

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-10-26Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 371.0 kgNominalPower: 150.0 W

Funding Agency


Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for IMP-J

PDMP information forIMP-J

Telecommunicationsinformation for IMP-J

Experiments on IMP-J

Data collections from IMP-J

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. NataliaE. Papitashvili.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


IMP-J




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftPdmp.do?id=1973-078A


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftTelemetry.do?id=1973-078A


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=IMP-J

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=IMP-J

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=IMP-J

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: IMP-J (1973-078A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: IMP-J (1973-078A)









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/imp8.gif



Personnel


Mr. Paul J.Pashby

ProjectManager

NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center

Dr. James B.Willett

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Dr. Robert L.Carovillano

ProgramScientist

NASA Headquarters

Dr. Robert E.McGuire

ProjectScientist


[email protected]

Other IMP 8 Data/Information at NSSDC

Retrieve/browse selected IMP 8 datasets (FTPBrowser)Retrieve selected IMP 8 datasets (FTP)

Daily Resolution Geocentric Position InformationSolar Wind and Magnetosphere Residence Times

IMP-8 Bibliography 1996-2000

Related Data/Information at NSSDC

Information on earlier IMP spacecraftInformation on other Explorer spacecraft

Other Sources of IMP 8 Data/Information

Retrieve/browse most recent magnetic field data (CDAWeb)Retrieve/browse OMNI (hourly solar wind field/plasma) data (OMNIWeb)Heliocentric Positions of IMP/Earth SystemBow Shock Crossings

IMP 8 Project page

PI SitesMagnetometer (NASA GSFC)Magnetic field and plasma (UCLA IGPP)

Solar Plasma Electrostatic Analyzer (LANL)Faraday cup (MIT)LEPEDEA (U. Iowa)

Electrostatic Energy-Charge Analyzer (EECA) (U. Maryland)EPE and CPME (JHU/APL)CPME (U. Kansas)CRNC (U. Chicago)GME (NASA GSFC)


http://ftpbrowser.gsfc.nasa.gov/

http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacecraft_data/imp/imp8/

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/imp.html

http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/miscellaneous/orbits/imp8/

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/impbib.txt

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do?spacecraft=imp&discipline=all

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do?spacecraft=explorer&discipline=all

http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/

http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/

http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/helios/heli.html

http://ftpbrowser.gsfc.nasa.gov/bowshock.html

http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/imp8/project.html

http://lepmfi.gsfc.nasa.gov/mfi/imp8/index1

http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/forms/imp8_form.html

http://imp8.lanl.gov/

ftp://space.mit.edu/pub/plasma/imp/www/imp.html

http://www-pi.physics.uiowa.edu/www/imp/

http://umtof.umd.edu/imp/

http://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/IMP/imp_index.html

http://data.ftecs.com/archive/imp_cpme/

http://ulysses.sr.unh.edu/WWW/Simpson/imp8.html

http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/imp8_GME/GME_home.html

http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=INT4F-6[20/08/2010 23:47:38]


Description

Intelsat 4 F-6 was a communication satellite with a cylindricaldiameter of 238 cm, 281 cm solar drum height, and 528 cmoverall height. Electric power was supplied by solar cellsmounted on the solar drum face. The satellite had multipleaccess and simultaneous transmission capabilities with acapacity of 3000 circuits with transponder in the earth modeand 9000 circuits with transponder in the spot-beam coveragemode, or 12 TV channels or certain combinations. There were12 transponders, each with a 36-MHz bandwidth, two globaltransmit antennas, teo global receive antennas, and twosteerable spot-beam transmit antennas. The design life of thesatellite was 7 yr.

INTELSAT 4 F-6

NSSDC ID: INT4F-6

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-01-01Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States

Funding Agency

InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4 F-6

Experiments on INTELSAT4 F-6

Data collections fromINTELSAT 4 F-6



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=INT4F-6



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=INTELSAT 4 F-6


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=INTELSAT 4 F-6


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: INTELSAT 4 F-6 (INT4F-6)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Intelsat 4 F-7 was a communications satellite with a cylindricaldiameter of 238 cm, 281 cm solar drum height, and 528 cmoverall height. Electric power was supplied by solar cellsmounted on the solar drum face. The satellite had multipleaccess and simultaneous transmission capabilities with acapacity of 3000 circuits with transponder in the earth modeand 9000 circuits with transponder in the spot-beam coveragemode, or 12 TV channels or certain combinations. There were12 transponders, each with a 36-MHz bandwidth, two globaltransmit antennas, two global receive antennas, and twosteerable spot-beam transmit antennas. The design life of thesatellite was 7 years.

INTELSAT 4 F-7

NSSDC ID: 1973-058A

Alternate Names

06796

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-08-23Launch Vehicle: AtlasLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1410.0 kg

Funding Agencies

Unknown (United States)

InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4 F-7

Experiments on INTELSAT4 F-7

Data collections fromINTELSAT 4 F-7



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data











mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: INTELSAT 4 F-7 (1973-058A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Intercosmos 9

NSSDC ID: 1973-022A

Alternate Names

IK- 9

06433

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-04-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-4(Sandal IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: KapustinYar, U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Solar Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 9

Experiments onIntercosmos 9

Data collections fromIntercosmos 9



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Intercosmos 9


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Intercosmos 9


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Intercosmos 9 (1973-022A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The main scientific objective of this satellite was to studymagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. The spin rate of thesatellite was less than or equal to one revolution every 5 min.Data were transmitted both in real-time and in tape-recordermode. The scientific experiments on board the satelliteincluded measurements of electric and magnetic fieldfluctuations, low-energy particle fluxes, plasma concentrationand temperature, and VLF emissions.

Intercosmos 10

NSSDC ID: 1973-082A

Alternate Names

IK-10

06911

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-10-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 10

Experiments onIntercosmos 10

Data collections fromIntercosmos 10



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=ITOS-E1[20/08/2010 23:49:22]


Description

ITOS-E was one in a series of improved TIROS-M typesatellites that was launched with new meteorological sensorson board to expand the operational capability of the ITOSsystem. The primary objectives of the ITOS-E meteorologcialsatellite were to provide global daytime and nighttime directreadout cloudcover data on a daily basis. The sun-synchronous spacecraft was also capable of supplying globalatmospheric temperature soundings and very high resolutioninfrared cloudcover data for selected areas in either a directreadout or a tape recorder mode. A secondary objective was toobtain global solar proton flux data on a routine daily basis.The primary sensors consisted of a very high resolutionradiometer (VHRR), a vertical temperature profile radiometer(VTPR), and a scanning radiometer (SR). The VHRR, VTPR,and SR were mounted on the satellite baseplate with theiroptical axes directed vertically earthward. The nearly cubicalspacecraft measured 1 by 1 by 1.2 m. The satellite wasequipped with three curved solar panels that were foldedduring launch and deployed after orbit was achieved. Eachpanel measured over 4.2 m in length when unfolded and wascovered with 3420 solar cells measuring 2 by 2 cm. The ITOSdynamics and attitude control system were to have maintaineddesired spacecraft orientation through gyroscopic principlesincorporated into the satellite design. Earth orientation of thesatellite body was to be maintained by taking advantage of theprecession induced from a momentum flywheel so that thesatellite body precession rate of one revolution per orbitprovided the desired 'earth-looking' attitude. Minor adjustmentsin attitude and orientation were to have been made by meansof magnetic coils and by varying the speed of the momentumflywheel. The spacecraft was launched in July, 1973, but failedto achieve orbit.

ITOS-E

NSSDC ID: ITOS-E1

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-07-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 747.0 kg

Funding Agency

NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)

Discipline

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for ITOS-E

Experiments on ITOS-E

Data collections fromITOS-E


Personnel


Mr. Charles M. Hunter General Contact NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Mr. Stanley Weiland Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Mr. Isidore L. Goldberg Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data



http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=ITOS-E1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=ITOS-E1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ITOS-E

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ITOS-E

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=ITOS-E

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: ITOS-E (ITOS-E1)














Description

Jumpseat 2 was an electronic intelligence satellite launched bythe US Air Force from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3Brocket.

Jumpseat 2

NSSDC ID: 1973-056A

Alternate Names

06791

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-08-21Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jumpseat2

Experiments on Jumpseat2

Data collections fromJumpseat 2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Jumpseat 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Jumpseat 2 (1973-056A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This US Air force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3B rocket. It was a KH-8(Key Hole-8) type spacecraft.

KH 8-39

NSSDC ID: 1973-028A

Alternate Names

1973-028A

06640

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 8-39

Experiments on KH 8-39

Data collections from KH 8-39



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 8-39

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=KH 8-39


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: KH 8-39 (1973-028A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This US Air force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3B rocket. It was a KH-8(Key Hole-8) type spacecraft.

KH 8-40

NSSDC ID: 1973-068A

Alternate Names

1973-068A

06837

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.

KH 9-05

NSSDC ID: 1973-014A

Alternate Names

Doppler Beacon 7

DB-7

06382

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


KH 9-06

NSSDC ID: 1973-046A

Alternate Names

DB-8

Doppler Beacon 8

06727

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description


KH 9-07

NSSDC ID: 1973-088A

Alternate Names

Doppler Beacon 9

DB-9

06928

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline








Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data




















http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed thesecond Soviet lunar rover (Lunokhod 2). The primaryobjectives of the mission were to collect images of the lunarsurface, examine ambient light levels to determine thefeasibility of astronomical observations from the Moon, performlaser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays,measure local magnetic fields, and study mechanicalproperties of the lunar surface material.

Lunokhod 2 Rover and SubsystemsThe rover stood 135 cm high and had a mass of 840 kg. It wasabout 170 cm long and 160 cm wide and had 8 wheels eachwith an independent suspension, motor and brake. The roverhad two speeds, ~1 km/hr and ~2 km/hr. Lunokhod 2 wasequipped with three TV cameras, one mounted high on therover for navigation, which could return high resolution imagesat different rates (3.2, 5.7, 10.9 or 21.1 seconds per frame).These images were used by a five-man team of controllers onEarth who sent driving commands to the rover in real time.Power was supplied by a solar panel on the inside of a roundhinged lid which covered the instrument bay, which wouldcharge the batteries when opened. A polonium-210 isotopicheat source was used to keep the rover warm during the lunarnights. There were 4 panoramic cameras mounted on therover. Scientific instruments included a soil mechanics tester,solar X-ray experiment, an astrophotometer to measure visibleand UV light levels, a magnetometer deployed in front of therover on the end of a 2.5 m boom, a radiometer, aphotodetector (Rubin-1) for laser detection experiments, and aFrench-supplied laser corner-reflector. The lander and rovertogether weighed 1814 kg.

Mission ProfileThe SL-12/D-1-e launcher put the spacecraft into Earth parkingorbit followed by translunar injection. On 12 January 1973,Luna 21 was braked into a 90 x 100 km orbit about the Moon.On 13 and 14 January, the perilune was lowered to 16 kmaltitude. On 15 January after 40 orbits, the braking rocket wasfired at 16 km altitude, and the craft went into free fall. At analtitude of 750 meters the main thrusters began firing, slowingthe fall until a height of 22 meters was reached. At this pointthe main thrusters shut down and the secondary thrustersignited, slowing the fall until the lander was 1.5 meters abovethe surface, where the engine was cut off. Landing occurred at23:35 UT in LeMonnier crater at 25.85 degrees N, 30.45degrees E. The lander carried a bas relief of Lenin and theSoviet coat-of-arms.

After landing, the Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the

Luna 21/Lunokhod 2

NSSDC ID: 1973-001A

Alternate Names

Lunokhod 2

Luna 21

06331

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-01-08Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4850.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Planetary Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Luna21/Lunokhod 2

PDMP information forLuna 21/Lunokhod 2

Telecommunicationsinformation for Luna21/Lunokhod 2

Experiments on Luna21/Lunokhod 2

Data collections from Luna21/Lunokhod 2

Questions or comments


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Luna 21/Lunokhod 2










http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Luna 21/Lunokhod 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Luna 21/Lunokhod 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Luna 21/Lunokhod 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Luna 21/Lunokhod 2









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/lunokhod2.jpg



surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at01:14 UT on 16 January and took pictures of the Luna 21lander and landing site. It stopped and charged batteries until18 January, took more images of the lander and landing site,and then set out over the Moon. The rover would run duringthe lunar day, stopping occasionally to recharge its batteriesvia the solar panels. At night the rover would hibernate untilthe next sunrise, heated by the radioactive source. Lunokhod 2operated for about 4 months, covered 37 km of terrainincluding hilly upland areas and rilles, and sent back 86panoramic images and over 80,000 TV pictures. Manymechanical tests of the surface, laser ranging measurements,and other experiments were completed during this time. OnJune 4 it was announced that the program was completed,leading to speculation that the vehicle probably failed in mid-May or could not be revived after the lunar night of May-June.The Lunokhod laser retroreflector is still used by Earth-basedstations for laser ranging.

about this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.

Personnel


Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association [email protected]

Selected References

Soviet space programs, 1966-70, Govt. Printing Office, Senate Doc. No. 92-51, Wash., D.C.,Dec. 1971.

Shelton, W., Soviet space exploration - the first decade, Arthur Barker Ltd., Unnumbered,London, England, 1969.

Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.

Davies, M. E., and T. R. Colvin, Lunar coordinates in the regions of the Apollo landers,J. Geophys. Res., 105, No. E8, 20277-20280, Aug. 2000.

Chaikin, A., The other Moon landings - A Soviet triumph in the shadow of Apollo, Air Space, 30-37, Feb./Mar. 2004.

Lunokhod Mission Profile

Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 Information

Other Soviet Lunar MissionsLunar Science Home Page


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 (1973-001A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 (1973-001A)

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/lunokhod-mission.jpg

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1970-095A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_25th.html

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Marinerseries and the first spacecraft to visit Mercury. It was also thefirst spacecraft to use the gravitational pull of one planet(Venus) to reach another (Mercury), and the first spacecraftmission to visit two planets. The spacecraft flew by Mercurythree times in a retrograde heliocentric orbit and returnedimages and data on the planet. Mariner 10 returned the first-ever close-up images of Venus and Mercury. The primaryscientific objectives of the mission were to measure Mercury'senvironment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristicsand to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondaryobjectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetarymedium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission.

Spacecraft and SubsystemsThe spacecraft structure was an eight-sided forger magnesiumframework with eight electronics compartments. It measured1.39 m diagonally and 0.457 m in depth. Two solar panels,each 2.69 m long and 0.97 m wide, were attached at the top,supporting 5.1 sq m of solar cell area. Fully deployed thespacecraft measured 8.0 m across the solar panels and 3.7 mfrom the top of the low-gain antenna to the bottom of the heat-shield. A scan platform with two degrees of freedom wasmounted on the anti-sunward face. A 5.8 m long hingedmagnetometer boom extended from one of the octagonal sidesof the body. Total launch mass was 502.9 kg, of this 29 kgwere propellant and attitude control gas. The total mass ofinstruments onboard was 79.4 kg.

The rocket engine was a 222-N liquid monopropellanthydrazine motor situated below a spherical propellant tankwhich was mounted in the center of the framework. The nozzleprotruded through a sunshade. Two sets of three pairs oforthogonal reaction nitrogen gas jets, mounted on the tips ofthe solar panels, were used to stabilize the spacecraft on threeaxes. Command and control were the responsibility of an on-board computer with a 512 word memory augmented byground commands

Mariner 10 carried a motor driven high-gain dish antenna, a1.37 m diameter aluminum honeycomb-disk parabolic reflector,which was mounted on a boom on the side of the spacecraft. Alow-gain omnidirectional antenna was mounted at the end of a2.85 m boom extending from the anti-solar face of thespacecraft. Feeds enabled the spacecraft to transmit at S- andX-band frequencies, data could be transmitted at a maximumrate of 117.6 kilobits per second. The spacecraft carried aCanopus star tracker, located on the upper ring structure of the

Mariner 10

NSSDC ID: 1973-085A

Alternate Names

Mariner-J

Mariner Venus/Mercury73

06919

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-11-03Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 473.9 kg

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Astronomy

Planetary Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mariner 10

Telecommunicationsinformation for Mariner 10

Experiments on Mariner 10

Data collections fromMariner 10

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Mariner 10






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Mariner 10

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Mariner 10

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Mariner 10

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Mariner 10 (1973-085A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Mariner 10 (1973-085A)









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/mariner10.gif



octagonal satellite, and acquisition sun sensors on the tips ofthe solar panels. The interior of the spacecraft was insulatedwith multilayer thermal blankets at top and bottom. Thesunshade was deployed after launch to protect the spacecrafton the solar-oriented side. Louvered sides on five of the eightelectronics compartments also helped control the interiortemperatures.

Instruments on-board the spacecraft measured theatmospheric, surface, and physical characteristics of Mercuryand Venus. Experiments included television photography,magnetic field, plasma, infrared radiometry, ultravioletspectroscopy, and radio science detectors. An experimental X-band, high-frequency transmitter was flown for the first time onthis spacecraft.

Mission ProfileMariner 10 (also known as Mariner Venus Mercury 1973) wasplaced in a parking orbit after launch for approximately 25minutes, then placed in orbit around the Sun en route toVenus. The protective cover of the sunward-facingelectrostatic analyzers did not open fully after launch, andthese intruments, part of the Scanning Electrostatic Analyzerand Electron Spectrometer experiment, could not be used. Itwas also discovered that the heaters for the televisioncameras had failed, so the cameras were left on to preventlow temperatures from damaging the optics.

A trajectory correction maneuver was made 10 days afterlaunch. Immediately following this manuever the star-trackerlocked onto a bright flake of paint which had come off thespacecraft and lost lock on the guide star Canopus. Anautomated safety protocol recovered Canopus, but the problemof flaking paint recurred throughout the mission. The on-boardcomputer also experienced unscheduled resets occasionally,which would neccesitate reconfiguring the clock sequence andsubsystems. Periodic problems with the high-gain antenna alsooccurred during the cruise. In January 1974 Mariner 10 madeultraviolet observations of Comet Kohoutek and another mid-course correction was made on 21 January. The spacecraftpassed Venus on February 5, 1974, at a closest range of 5768km at 17:01 UT and returned the first close-up images ofVenus. This also marked the first time a spacecraft used agravity assist from one planet to help it reach another.

Enroute to Mercury an attitude control anomaly occurred forthe second time, using up attitude control gas. Some newprocedures were used from that point on to orient thespacecraft, including Sun-line maneuvers and the use of solarwind on the solar panels to orient the spacecraft. Mariner 10crossed the orbit of Mercury on March 29, 1974, at 2046 UT,at a distance of about 704 km from the surface. A secondencounter with Mercury, when more photographs were taken,occurred on September 21, 1974, at an altitude of 48,069 km.Unfortunately the lighted hemisphere was almost the same asthe first encounter, so a large portion of the planet remainedunimaged. A third and last Mercury encounter at an altitude of327 km, with additional photography of about 300 frames andmagnetic field measurements occurred on March 16, 1975.Engineering tests were continued until March 24, 1975, whenthe supply of attitude-control gas was depleted and themission was terminated.

Mariner 10 results showed a Hadley-type circulation existed inVenus' atmosphere and showed that Venus had at best aweak magnetic field, and the ionosphere interacted with thesolar wind to form a bow shock. At Mercury, it was confirmedthat Mercury had no atmosphere and a cratered, dormantMoon-like surface was shown in the images. Mercury was



shown to have a small magnetic field and a relatively largeiron-rich core. Total research, development, launch, andsupport costs for the Mariner series of spacecraft (Mariners 1through 10) was approximately $554 million. The total cost ofthe Mariner 10 mission was roughly $100 million.

Personnel


Dr. N. William Cunningham Program Manager NASA Headquarters

Mr. Walker E. Giberson Project Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Mr. Stephen E. Dwornik Program Scientist NASA Headquarters

Mr. Frank E. Bristow General Contact NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Dr. James A. Dunne Project Scientist NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Selected References

Dunne, J. A., Mariner 10 Mercury encounter, Science, 185, No. 4146, 141-142, July 1974.

Dunne, J. A., Mariner 10 Venus encounter, Science, 183, No. 4131, 1289-1291, Mar. 1974.

Dunne, J. A., and E. Burgess, Voyage of Mariner 10 - missions to Venus and Mercury, JPL,Calif. Inst. Technol., NASA-SP-424, Pasadena, CA, 1978.

Bourke, R. D., and J. G. Beerer, Mariner mission to Venus and Mercury in 1973, Astronaut.Aeronaut., 9, No. 1, 52, Jan. 1971.

Hooke, A. J., The 1973 Mariner mission to Venus and Mercury, part one, Spaceflight, 16, No. 1,25-34, Jan. 1974.

Hooke, A. J., The 1973 Mariner mission to Venus and Mercury, part two, Spaceflight, 16, No. 2,46-54, Feb. 1974.

Shirley, D. L., The Mariner 10 mission to Venus and Mercury, Acta Astronaut., 53, No. 4-10,375-385, 2003.

Murray, B., and E. Burgess, Flight to Mercury, Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1977.

Labelled Diagram of Mariner 10

Other Mariner 10 Information/Data at NSSDC

Mariner 10 images of Mercury (Catalog of Spaceborne Imaging)Mariner 10 images of Mercury (NSSDC Photo Gallery)Retrieve heliospheric data from NSSDC's anonymous FTP site

Related Information/Data at NSSDC

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/mariner10_labelled.jpg

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/group_page/MC.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mercury.html

ftp://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacecraft_data/mariner/mariner10/



NSSDC Mercury PageNSSDC Venus PageMESSENGER mission to MercuryBepi-Colombo mission to Mercury

Other Sources of Mariner 10 Information/Data

The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury (NASA History Office) Atlas of Mercury (NASA History Office)Mariner 10 Mercury Image Project (Northwestern Univ.)


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/mercurypage.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/venuspage.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2004-030A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=BEPICLMBO

http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm


http://www.earth.nwu.edu/research/robinson/merc.html

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 4 automatic station was intended to be a Marsorbiter mission. It was presumably very similar in design andintended mission to the Mars 5 orbiter launched 4 days later.The orbiter had a fully fueled launch mass of 3440 kg. It wasput into Earth orbit by a Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster andlaunched from its orbital platform roughly an hour and a halflater on a Mars trajectory. A mid-course correction burn wasmade on 30 July 1973. It reached Mars on 10 February 1974.Due to a flaw in the computer chip which resulted indegradation of the chip during the voyage to Mars, the retro-rockets never fired to slow the craft into Mars orbit, and Mars 4flew by the planet at a range of 2200 km. It returned one swathof pictures and some radio occultation data which constitutedthe first detection of the nightside ionosphere on Mars. Itcontinued to return interplanetary data from solar orbit after theflyby.

Scientific InstrumentationMars 4 was equipped with a television imaging systemconsisting of two cameras. One, called Vega, was f/2.8 with afocal length of 52 mm, a 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 35.7degree look angle. The other camera, Zufar, was f/4.5 with a350 mm focal length, 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 5.67 degreelook angle. The images were taken through red filters andcould be facsimile scanned at 1000 x 1000 or 2000 x 2000pixels and transmitted to Earth. The cameras provided pictureswith resolutions of 100 m to 1 km. In addition, there was asingle-line scanning device with a 30 degree field of view toprovide panoramic images in the visible and near-infrared.

The spacecraft was also equipped with a Lyman-Alphaphotometer to search for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, plasma ion traps and a narrow angleelectrostatic plasma sensor to study the solar wind, an infraredradiometer (8-40 microns) to measure surface temperature, aradio telescope polarimeter (3.5 cm) to probe the subsurfacedielectric constant, two polarimeters (0.32-0.70 microns) tocharacterize surface texture, and a spectrometer (0.3 - 0.8microns) to study emissions in the upper atmosphere.

There were four photometers on board: one for 2 carbondioxide bands to obtain altitude profiles, one at 0.35 - 0.7microns for albedo and color studies, one in the water vaporband (1.38 microns) to study water in the atmosphere, and aUV photometer (0.26 and 0.28 microns) to measure ozone.The probe was equipped with a radio-occultation experiment toprofile atmospheric density and a dual-frequency radio

Mars 4

NSSDC ID: 1973-047A

Alternate Names

06742

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Planetary Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mars 4

PDMP information forMars 4

Telecommunicationsinformation for Mars 4

Experiments on Mars 4

Data collections from Mars4



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Mars 4








http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Mars 4

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Mars 4


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Mars 4 (1973-047A)










http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/mars_4.jpg



occultation experiment to profile ionospheric density. Thespacecraft also carried French experiments, one called Zhemoto study the distribution and intensity of fluxes of solar protonsand electrons and one known as Stereo-2 to study solar radioemissions.

Personnel



Selected References



Perminov, V. G., The difficult road to Mars - A brief history of Mars exploration in the SovietUnion, NASA, No. 15, Wash, DC, July 1999.

Other Mars flights in the 1973 launch opportunity seriesMars 5Mars 6Mars 7

Chronology of Mars ExplorationThe Difficult Road to Mars - Online Book, 1999 (PDF file) Mars Page





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology_mars.html

http://klabs.org/richcontent/Reports/mars/difficult_road_to_mars.pdf

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/marspage.html

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 5 automatic station was designed to orbit Mars andreturn information on the composition, structure, and propertiesof the martian atmosphere and surface. The spacecraft wasalso designed to act as a communications link to the Mars 6and 7 landers. The orbiter operated only a few days andreturned atmospheric data and images of a small portion of themartian southern hemisphere.

Mission ProfileMars 5 was launched into Earth orbit by a Proton SL-12/D-1-ebooster, and propelled from its orbital platform into a Marstransfer trajectory at 20:15 UT on 25 July 1973. The fullyfueled launch mass of the orbiter was 3440 kg. After a mid-course correction burn on 3 August, the spacecraft reachedMars on 12 February 1974 at 15:45 UT and was inserted intoan elliptical 1755 km x 32,555 km, 24 hr, 53 min. orbit with aninclination of 35.3 degrees. Mars 5 collected data for 22 orbitsuntil a loss of pressurization in the transmitter housing endedthe mission. About 60 images were returned over a nine dayperiod showing swaths of the area south of Valles Marineris,from 5 N, 330 W to 20 S, 130 W. Measurements by otherinstruments were made near periapsis along 7 adjacent arcs inthis same region.

Scientific InstrumentationMars 5 was equipped with a television imaging systemconsisting of two cameras. One, called Vega, was f/2.8 with afocal length of 52 mm, a 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 35.7degree look angle. The other camera, Zufar, was f/4.5 with a350 mm focal length, 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 5.67 degreelook angle. The images were taken through blue, red, andgreen filters in addition to a special orange filter and could befacsimile scanned at 1000 x 1000 or 2000 x 2000 pixels andtransmitted to Earth. The cameras provided pictures withresolutions of 100 m to 1 km. In addition, there was a single-line scanning device with a 30 degree field of view to providepanoramic images in the visible and near-infrared.

The spacecraft was also equipped with a Lyman-Alphaphotometer to search for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, plasma ion traps and a narrow angleelectrostatic plasma sensor to stidy the solar wind, an infraredradiometer (8-40 microns) to measure surface temperature, aradio telescope polarimeter (3.5 cm) to probe the subsurfacedielectric constant, two polarimeters (0.32-0.70 microns) tocharacterize surface texture, and a spectrometer (0.3 - 0.8microns) to study emissions in the upper atmosphere.

Mars 5

NSSDC ID: 1973-049A

Alternate Names

06754

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Planetary Science

Space Physics









Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Mars 5
























There were four photometers on board: one for 2 carbondioxide bands to obtain altitude profiles, one at 0.35 - 0.7microns for albedo and color studies, one in the water vaporband (1.38 microns) to study water in the atmosphere, and aUV photometer (0.26 and 0.28 microns) to measure ozone.The probe was equipped with a radio-occultation experiment toprofile atmospheric density and a dual-frequency radiooccultation experiment to profile ionospheric density. Thespacecraft also carried French experiments, one called Zhemoto study the distribution and intensity of fluxes of solar protonsand electrons and one known as Stereo-2 to study solar radioemissions.

Scientific ResultsData returned from orbit by the Mars 5 infrared radiometershowed a maximum surface temperature of 272 K, 230 K nearthe terminator and 200 K at night. Thermal inertia of soil wasconsistent with grain sizes of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, polarization datashowed grain sizes smaller than 0.04 mm in aeolian deposits.Six altitude profiles were measured by the CO2 photometer. U,Th, and K composition similar to terrestrial mafic rocks werefound. A dielectric constant from 2.5 to 4 was measured atdepths of several tens of cm. A high water vapor content (100precipitable microns) was found south of Tharsis region. Anozone layer was detected at 40 km altitude with about one-thousandth the concentration of Earth's. The exospheretemperature was measured at 295-355 K, 10 K lowertemperatures were found from 200 to 87 km. A small magneticfield was postulated, about .0003 Earth's. Mars 5 alsoperformed a radio occultation experiment and the results, inconcert with results from Mars 4 and 6 occultationmeasurements, showed the existence of a nightsideionosphere with a maximum electron density of 4600 per cubiccm at an altitude of 110 km and a near surface atmosphericpressure of 6.7 mbar.

Personnel



Selected References













http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 6 interplanetary station consisted of a flyby bus andan attached descent module. The descent module separatedfrom the bus on reaching Mars and was designed to enter themartian atmosphere and make in-situ studies of the Marsatmosphere and surface.

Mission ProfileMars 6 successfully lifted off into an intermediate Earth orbit ona Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster and then launched into a Marstransfer trajectory. Total fueled launch mass of the lander andbus was 3260 kg. After one course correction burn on 13August 1973, it reached Mars on 12 March 1974. The descentmodule separated from the bus at a distance of 48,000 kmfrom Mars. The bus continued on into a heliocentric orbit afterpassing within 1600 km of Mars. The descent module enteredthe atmosphere at 09:05:53 UT at a speed of 5.6 km/s. Theparachute opened at 09:08:32 UT after the module had slowedits speed to 600 m/s by aerobraking. During this time the craftwas collecting data and transmitting it directly to the bus forimmediate relay to Earth. Contact with the descent modulewas lost at 09:11:05 UT in "direct proximity to the surface",probably either when the retrorockets fired or when it hit thesurface at an estimated 61 m/s. Mars 6 landed at 23.90 S,19.42 W in the Margaritifer Sinus region of Mars. The landedmass was 635 kg. The descent module transmitted 224seconds of data before transmissions ceased, the first datareturned from the atmosphere of Mars. Unfortunately, much ofthe data were unreadable due to a flaw in a computer chipwhich led to degradation of the system during its journey toMars.

Scientific InstrumentationThe Mars 6 Descent Module carried a panoramictelephotometer to image the martian surface around thelander, atmospheric temperature, pressure, density, and windsensors, an accelerometer to measure atmospheric densityduring the descent, a mass spectrometer to estimateatmospheric composition, a radio altimeter, an activationanalysis experiment to study soil composition, and mechanicalproperties soil sensors. The flyby module contained atelephotometer to image Mars, a Lyman alpha sensor tosearch for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, an ion trap and narrow angle electrostaticplasma sensor to study the solar wind and its interaction withMars, solar cosmic ray sensors, micrometeorite sensors, and aFrench-supplied solar radiometer to measure solar long-wavelength radio emissions. It was also equipped to perform a

Mars 6

NSSDC ID: 1973-052A

Alternate Names

06768

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Planetary Science

Space Physics









Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Mars 6
























radio occultation experiment to profile the atmosphere andionosphere.

Scientific ResultsData returned by the Mars 6 descent module allowed a profileof tropospheric structure from the base of the stratosphere at25 km altitude at 150 K to the surface at 230 K andatmospheric density from 82 km to 12 km. A surface pressureof 6 mb and temperature of (230 K) -43 C were measured.Instruments also indicated "several times" more atmosphericwater vapor than previously reported. The mass spectrometerdata were stored on-board during the descent and scheduledto be transmitted after landing and were therefore lost. Thecurrent to the vacuum pump was transmitted as anengineering parameter, however, and a steep increase incurrent was found. It was hypothesized to indicate an inert gaswhich could not be removed by the pump, leading to anestimate of argon abundance in the atmosphere of 25% to45%. (The actual value is now known to be about 1.6%.) TheMars 6 flyby bus performed a radio occultation experiment andthe results, in concert with results from Mars 4 and 5occultation measurements, showed the existence of anightside ionosphere with a maximum electron density of 4600per cubic cm at an altitude of 110 km and a near surfaceatmospheric pressure of 6.7 mbar.

Personnel



Selected References



Istomin, V. G., and K. V. Grechnev, Argon in the Martian atmosphere: Evidence from the Mars 6descent module, Icarus, 28, No. 2, 155-158, 1976.











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 7 interplanetary station was intended to be a Marslander. It consisted of a flyby bus and a descent module. Thedescent module was designed to enter the martianatmosphere and make in-situ studies of the atmosphere andsurface, but a malfunction on board caused the lander to missthe planet.

Mission ProfileMars 7 successfully lifted off into an intermediate Earth orbit ona Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster and then launched into a Marstransfer trajectory. Total fueled launch mass of the lander andbus was 3260 kg. After one course correction burn on 16August 1973, it reached Mars on 9 March 1974. Due to aproblem in the operation of one of the onboard systems(attitude control or retro-rockets) the landing probe separatedprematurely (4 hours before encounter) and missed the planetby 1300 km. The early separation was probably due to acomputer chip error which resulted in degradation of thesystems during the trip to Mars. The intended landing site was50 S, 28 W and landed mass would have been 635 kg. Thelander and bus continued on into heliocentric orbits.

Scientific InstrumentationThe Mars 7 Descent Module carried a panoramictelephotometer to image the martian surface around thelander, atmospheric temperature, pressure, density, and windsensors, an accelerometer to measure atmospheric densityduring the descent, a mass spectrometer to estimateatmospheric composition, a radio altimeter, an activationanalysis experiment to study soil composition, and mechanicalproperties soil sensors. The flyby module contained atelephotometer to image Mars, a Lyman alpha sensor tosearch for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, an ion trap and narrow angle electrostaticplasma sensor to study the solar wind and its interaction withMars, solar cosmic ray sensors, micrometeorite sensors, and aFrench-supplied solar radiometer to measure solar long-wavelength radio emissions. It was also equipped to perform aradio occultation experiment to profile the atmosphere andionosphere.

Mars 7

NSSDC ID: 1973-053A

Alternate Names

06776

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Planetary Science

Space Physics









Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Mars 7
























Personnel



Selected References













http://www.usa.gov/







Saturday, 21 August 2010

Description

This was the 14th fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and reflected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbits -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to the sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun to provide the spacecraftwith the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1 wasoriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the 2axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological center aroundthe world.

Meteor 1-14

NSSDC ID: 1973-015A

Alternate Names

Meteor 1-14

06392

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-03-20LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2000.0 kg

Funding Agency

SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-14

Experiments on Meteor 1-14

Data collections fromMeteor 1-14



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Meteor 1-14


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Meteor 1-14


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Meteor 1-14 (1973-015A)













Personnel


Project Scientist Soviet Hydrometeorological Service


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This was the 15th fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and relected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbit -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to tht sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun so as to provide thespacecraft with the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1was oriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the3 axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The Meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological centersaround the world.

Meteor 1-15

NSSDC ID: 1973-034A

Alternate Names

Meteor 1-15

06659

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-05-29LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2000.0 kg

Funding Agency

SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Earth Science


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-15

Experiments on Meteor 1-15

Data collections fromMeteor 1-15



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data























Personnel


Project Manager Soviet Hydrometeorological Service


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Molniya 1/23 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/23, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/23 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.

Molniya 1-23

NSSDC ID: 1973-007A

Alternate Names

Molniya 1Y

06356

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-02-03LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-23

Experiments on Molniya 1-23

Data collections fromMolniya 1-23



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 1-23


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 1-23


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Molniya 1-23 (1973-007A)











http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Molniya 1-24

NSSDC ID: 1973-061A

Alternate Names

Molniya 1Z

06805

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Molniya 1-25

NSSDC ID: 1973-089A

Alternate Names

Molniya 1ZA

06932

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-11-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck

























Description


Molniya 1-26

NSSDC ID: 1973-097A

Alternate Names

Molniya 1ZB

06958

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

Molniya 2/5 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/5, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/5 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.

Molniya 2- 5

NSSDC ID: 1973-018A

Alternate Names

Molniya 2E

06418

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications




Data collections fromMolniya 2- 5



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data







http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 2- 5


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Molniya 2- 5


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Molniya 2- 5 (1973-018A)











http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Molniya 2- 6

NSSDC ID: 1973-045A

Alternate Names

Molniya 2F

06722

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Molniya 2- 7

NSSDC ID: 1973-076A

Alternate Names

Molniya 2G

06877

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description


Molniya 2- 8

NSSDC ID: 1973-106A

Alternate Names

Molniya 2H

07000

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Communications







Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






















http://www.usa.gov/







Description

The NOAA 3 was one in a series of improved TIROS-M typesatellites with new meteorological sensors onboard to expandthe operational capability of the ITOS system. The primaryobjective of NOAA 3 was to provide global daytime andnighttime direct readout cloudcover data on a daily basis. Thesun-synchronous spacecraft was also capable of supplyingglobal atmospheric temerature soundings and very highresolution infrared cloudcover data of selected areas in eithera direct readout or a tape recorder mode. A secondaryobjective was to obtain global solar proton flux data on aroutine daily basis. The primary sensors consisted of a veryhigh resolution radiometer (VHRR), a vertical temperatureprofile radiometer (VTPR), and a scanning radiometer (SR).The VHRR, VTPR, and SR were mounted on the satellitebaseplate with their optical axes directed vertically earthward.The nearly cubical spacecraft measured 1 by 1 by 1.2 cm. Thesatellite was equipped with three curved solar panels that werefolded during launch and deployed after orbit was achieved.Each panel measured over 4.2 m in length when unfolded andwas covered with 3420 solar cells measuring 2 by 2 cm. TheITOS dynamics and attitude control system maintained desiredspacecraft orientation through gyroscopic principlesincorporated into the satellite design. Earth orientation of thesatellite body was maintained by taking advantage of theprecession induced from a momentum flywheel so that thesatellite body precession rate of one revolution per orbitprovided the desired 'earth looking' attitude. Minor adjustmentsin attitude and orientation were made by means of magneticcoils and by varying the speed of the momentum flywheel. Thespacecraft became the operational ITOS spacecraft on March19, 1974. Operations terminated in August 1976.

NOAA 3

NSSDC ID: 1973-086A

Alternate Names

ITOS-F

06920

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-11-06Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 746.0 kg

Funding Agencies

NASA-Office ofApplications (UnitedStates)

NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)

Disciplines

Earth Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for NOAA 3

Experiments on NOAA 3

Data collections fromNOAA 3



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data





http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=NOAA 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=NOAA 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=NOAA 3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: NOAA 3 (1973-086A)














Description


OPS 6630

NSSDC ID: 1973-088D

Alternate Names

1973-088D

06938

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for OPS 6630

Experiments on OPS 6630

Data collections from OPS6630



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=OPS 6630

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=OPS 6630


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: OPS 6630 (1973-088D)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket.

OPS 7705

NSSDC ID: 1973-088B

Alternate Names

06931

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for OPS 7705

Experiments on OPS 7705

Data collections from OPS7705



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=OPS 7705



mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: OPS 7705 (1973-088B)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Pioneer 11 was the second mission to investigate Jupiter andthe outer solar system and the first to explore the planetSaturn and its main rings. Pioneer 11, like Pioneer 10, usedJupiter's gravitational field to alter its trajectory radically. Itpassed close to Saturn and then it followed an escapetrajectory from the solar system.

The spacecraft was 2.9 m long and contained a 2.74-mdiameter high-gain antenna of aluminum honeycomb sandwichmaterial whose feed was topped with a medium-gain antenna.A low-gain, omnidirectional antenna was mounted below thehigh-gain dish. The spacecraft contained two nuclear electric-power generators, which generated 144 W at Jupiter, butdecreased to 100 W at Saturn. There were three referencesensors: a star (Canopus) sensor, and two sun sensors.Attitude position could be calculated from the referencedirection to the earth and the sun, with the known direction toCanopus as backup. Pioneer 11's star sensor gain andthreshold settings were modified, based on experience gainedfrom the settings used on Pioneer 10. Three pairs of rocketthrusters provided spin-axis control (maintained at 4.8 rpm)and change of the spacecraft velocity. The thrusters could beeither fired steadily or pulsed, by command.

Communications were maintained via the omnidirectional andmedium-gain antennas, which operated together, connected toone receiver, while the high-gain antenna was connected tothe other receiver. The receivers could be interchanged bycommand. Two radio transmitters, coupled to two traveling-wave tube amplifiers, produced 8 W power each in S-band.Communication uplink (earth to spacecraft) operated at 2110MHz, and downlink (spacecraft to earth) at 2292 MHz. AtJupiter's distance, round-trip communication time took 92 min.Data were received at the Deep Space Network (DSN). Thespacecraft was temperature-controlled to between -23 and +38deg C (-10 to +100 deg F). An additional experiment, a low-sensitivity fluxgate magnetometer, was added to the Pioneer11 payload.

Instruments studied the interplanetary and planetary magneticfields; solar wind properties; cosmic rays; transition region ofthe heliosphere; neutral hydrogen abundance; distribution,size, mass, flux, and velocity of dust particles; Jovian aurorae;Jovian radio waves; the atmospheres of planets and satellites;and the surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, and some of theirsatellites. Instruments carried for these experiments weremagnetometer, plasma analyzer (for solar wind), charged-particle detector, ionizing detector, non-imaging telescopeswith overlapping fields of view to detect sunlight reflected from

Pioneer 11

NSSDC ID: 1973-019A

Alternate Names

Pioneer-G

06421

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-04-06Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 259.0 kgNominalPower: 165.0 W

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Astronomy

Planetary Science

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Pioneer 11

PDMP information forPioneer 11

Telecommunicationsinformation for Pioneer 11

Experiments on Pioneer 11

Data collections fromPioneer 11

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Pioneer 11








http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer 11

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer 11

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Pioneer 11









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/pioneer10-11.jpg



passing meteoroids, sealed pressurized cells of argon andnitrogen gas for measuring penetration of meteoroids, UVphotometer, IR radiometer, and an imaging photopolarimeter,which produced photographs and measured the polarization.Further scientific information was obtained from celestialmechanics and occultation phenomena.

This spacecraft, like Pioneer 10, contains a plaque that has adrawing depicting man, woman, and the location of the sunand earth in the galaxy.

During its closest approach, 03 December 1974 (SCET-UT) ,Pioneer 11 passed to within 43,000 km of Jupiter's cloud tops.It passed by Saturn on 01 September 1979, at a distance of21,000 km from Saturn's cloud tops. The spacecraft hasoperated on a backup transmitter since launch. Instrumentpower sharing began in February 1985 due to declining RTGpower output. Science operations and daily telemetry ceasedon 30 September 1995 when the RTG power level wasinsufficient to operate any experiments. As of the end of 1995the spacecraft was located at 44.7 AU from the Sun at a nearlyasymptotic latitude of 17.4 degrees above the solar equatorialplane and was heading outward at 2.5 AU/year.

be directed to: Dr. John F.Cooper.

Personnel


Dr. James B.Willett

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Dr. Palmer Dyal ProjectScientist

NASA Ames ResearchCenter

Dr. W. VernonJones

ProgramScientist

NASA Headquarters [email protected]

Mr. Richard O.Fimmel

ProjectManager

NASA Ames ResearchCenter

Selected References

Northrop, T. G., et al., Pioneer 11 Saturn encounter, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A11, 5651-5652,Nov. 1980.

Fimmel, R. O., et al., Pioneer odyssey encounter with a giant, NASA, SP-349, Washington,D.C., 1974.

Fimmel, R. O., et al., Pioneer first to Jupiter, Saturn, and beyond, NASA, SP-466, Washington,D.C., 1980.

Other Pioneer 10/11 Information/Data at NSSDC

Interplanetary magnetic field, plasma, and ephemeris data from Pioneer 10 and 11 are availableas COHO data collections. COHOWeb allows the display and retrieval of COHO data. Thesedata are also available via anonymous FTP.

COHOWebPioneer data on NSSDC's anonymous FTP site

Pioneer 10/11 position data (heliographic coordinates)

Pioneer 10's last signal (NASA Press Release, 2003-02-25)Pioneer 11 ends operations (NASA Press Release, 1995-09-29)Status of Pioneer 10 and 11 (1997-12-01)Status of Pioneer 10 and 11 (1996-12-02)Status of Pioneer 10 and 11 (1996-05-24)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer 11 (1973-019A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Pioneer 11 (1973-019A)

http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/

ftp://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacecraft_data/pioneer/

http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/helios/

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/pion10_pr_20030225.txt

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/pioneer-11_endops.txt

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/pioneer_10-11_status_971201.txt





This image shows the plaque that wasmounted on the Pioneer 10 and 11spacecraft.

This is an image of the Pioneer 10/11mission patch.


Jupiter PageSaturn Page

Other Sources of Pioneer 10/11 Information/Data

Pioneer GTT Charged Particle page (U. of Iowa)Pioneer Plasma Group page (NASA ARC)

Online version of Pioneer Odyssey (NASA History Office)


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/pioneer_plaque.jpg

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/pioneer_patch.jpg

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/jupiterpage.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/saturnpage.html

http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/pioneer/home.html

http://arwen.arc.nasa.gov/



http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The spacecraft carried instruments to measure solar X raysand gamma rays, plasma, and energetic particles. Thecomplete payload description was not provided.

Prognoz 3

NSSDC ID: 1973-009A

Alternate Names

06364

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-02-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 845.0 kg

Funding Agency

Institut KosmicheskichIssledovaniy(Inst. ofCosmophysicalResearch) (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Prognoz 3

Experiments on Prognoz 3

Data collections fromPrognoz 3



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Prognoz 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Prognoz 3

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Prognoz 3

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Prognoz 3 (1973-009A)
















Description

The Radio Astronomy Explorer B (RAE-B) mission was thesecond of a pair of RAE satellites. It was placed into lunar orbitto provide radio astronomical measurements of the planets,the sun, and the galaxy over the frequency range of 25 kHz to13.1 MHz. The experiment complement consisted of two Ryle-Vonberg radiometers (nine channels each), three swept-frequency burst receivers (32 channels each), and animpedance probe for calibration. The experiment antennasconsisted of travelling wave antennas forming an Xconfiguration: a 229-m upper V-antenna pointed away from themoon; a 229-m lower V-antenna pointed toward the moon; anda 37-m dipole antenna parallel to the lunar surface. There wasalso a 129-m boron libration damper boom system used todamp out any spacecraft oscillations about the equilibriumposition. The spacecraft body had a mass of 328 kg at launchand 200 kg in lunar orbit, and was a truncated cylinder 92 cmin diameter and approximately 79 cm high, with four fixed solarpaddles. The maneuvering system consisted of a hydrazinevelocity correction package, a cold gas attitude control system,and a solid fuel lunar insertion motor. Data were returned tothe earth via either a low power UHF/(400 MHz) transmitter, inreal time, or stored in an onboard tape recorder andtransmitted to earth via a high power UHF transmitter (400MHz). Two tape recorders provided backup storage. A VHFtransmitter served primarily for range and range-ratemeasurements and as a backup. Commands were received ona VHF (148 MHz) receiver, which also was a part of the rangeand range-rate system. Spacecraft attitude was determined by(1) a solar aspect system, (2) a horizon sensor system, and (3)a panoramic attitude sensor system, and was accurate to 1deg. The spacecraft was gravity gradient oriented (Z axisparallel to local vertical).

Mission ProfileRAE-B was placed into lunar orbit on 15 June 1973 after a 20second firing of the orbit insertion motor, and began operationson 20 June 1973. Initially only the 37-m dipole antenna wasdeployed, during which the spacecraft was operated in a 4-rpmspin-stabilized mode with the spin axis in the ecliptic planenormal to the spacecraft-Sun line. After three weeks the dipolebooms were retracted, the spacecraft reoriented, the long-Vantennas and libration damper were extended, and the dipolewas redeployed. The lower V-antenna was initially extended to183 m during the first 16 months of flight and was extended toits full 229-m length in November 1974. The lunar orbit andposition of the Earth as a radio source imposed periodicities onthe observations of 29.5 days (the lunar synodic month) and24.8 hours (the interval between consecutive sweeps of agiven Earth geographic position past the Moon. For additional

RAE-B

NSSDC ID: 1973-039A

Alternate Names

Radio AstronomyExplorer

Explorer 49

RAE-2

06686

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency

NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)

Disciplines

Astronomy

Planetary Science

Solar Physics

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for RAE-B

Experiments on RAE-B

Data collections from RAE-B



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


RAE-B




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=RAE-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=RAE-B

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=RAE-B

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: RAE-B (1973-039A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: RAE-B (1973-039A)









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/rae_b.jpg



information, see J. K. Alexander et al., Astron. & Astrophys., v.40, p. 365, 1975.

Personnel


Mr. John R.Holtz

ProgramManager

NASA Headquarters

Mr. John T.Shea

ProjectManager


Dr. Nancy G.Roman

ProgramScientist

NASA Headquarters [email protected]

Dr. Robert G.Stone

ProjectScientist


[email protected]

Selected References

Radio Astronomy Explorer-B - Goddard's Radio Astronomy Explorer to orbit moon, NASA-GSFC, Unnumbered, Greenbelt, MD, June 1973.

Groves, R. T., Analysis of the Radio Astronomy Explorer lunar orbit mission, AstrodynamicsConf., Palo Alto, CA, Sept. 11-12, 1972, AIAA and AAS, Paper 72-940, New York, NY, 1972.

Alexander, J. K., et al., Scientific instrumentation of the Radio-Astronomy-Explorer-2 satellite,Astron. Astrophys., 40, No. 4, 365-371, 1975.


http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Rhyolite 2 was a US Air Force electronic intelligence satellitelaunched from Cape Canaveral aboard an Atlas Agena-Drocket. It was placed in a geosynchronous orbit.

Rhyolite 2

NSSDC ID: 1973-013A

Alternate Names

06380

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-03-06Launch Vehicle: AtlasLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 700.0 kg

Funding Agency


Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Rhyolite 2

Experiments on Rhyolite 2

Data collections fromRhyolite 2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Rhyolite 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Rhyolite 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Rhyolite 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Rhyolite 2 (1973-013A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Salute 2 space station was designed for scientificresearch and testing of onboard systems and units. On April11, 1973, 11 days after launch, an unexplainable accidentcaused four solar panels to be torn loose from the spacestation cutting off all power to thte space station.

Salyut 2

NSSDC ID: 1973-017A

Alternate Names

Salyute 2

06398

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-04-04Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 18500.0 kg

Funding Agency

Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Engineering


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Salyut 2

Experiments on Salyut 2

Data collections fromSalyut 2



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Salyut 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Salyut 2

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Salyut 2

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Salyut 2 (1973-017A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

The Skylab (SL) was a manned, orbiting spacecraft composedof five parts, the Apollo telescope mount (ATM), the multipledocking adapter (MDA), the airlock module (AM), theinstrument unit (IU), and the orbital workshop (OWS). TheSkylab was in the form of a cylinder, with the ATM beingpositioned 90 deg from the longitudinal axis after insertion intoorbit. The ATM was a solar observatory, and it providedattitude control and experiment pointing for the rest of thecluster. It was attached to the MDA and AM at one end of theOWS. The retrieval and installation of film used in the ATMwas accomplished by astronauts during extravehicular activity(EVA). The MDA served as a dock for the command andservice modules, which served as personnel taxis to theSkylab. The AM provided an airlock between the MDA and theOWS, and contained controls and instrumentation. The IU,which was used only during launch and the initial phases ofoperation, provided guidance and sequencing functions for theinitial deployment of the ATM, solar arrays, etc. The OWS wasa modified Saturn 4B stage suitable for long duration mannedhabitation in orbit. It contained provisions and crew quartersnecessary to support three-person crews for periods of up to84 days each. All parts were also capable of unmanned, in-orbit storage, reactivation, and reuse. The Skylab itself waslaunched on May 14, 1973. It was first manned during theperiod May 25 to June 22, 1973, by the crew of the SL-2mission (73-032A). Next, it was manned during the period July28 to September 25, 1973, by the crew of the SL-3 mission(73-050A). The final manned period was from November 16,1973, to February 8, 1974, when it was manned by the crewfrom the SL-4 mission (73-090A).

The total budget for Skylab was approximately $2,147,100,000.

Skylab

NSSDC ID: 1973-027A

Alternate Names

Skylab 1

06633

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-05-14Launch Vehicle: Saturn5Launch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 90607.0 kg

Funding Agency

NASA-Office of MannedSpace Flight (UnitedStates)

Disciplines

Astronomy

Engineering

Earth Science

Human Crew

Life Science

Planetary Science

Solar Physics

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Skylab

Experiments on Skylab

Data collections fromSkylab

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data


Skylab




http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Skylab

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Skylab

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Skylab









http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/skylab.jpg



be directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.

Personnel


Dr. O. Glenn Smith Project Manager NASA Johnson Space Center


Skylab CSM 1Skylab CSM 2Skylab CSM 3

Other Sources of Skylab Information/Data

Project Skylab (NASA KSC)Skylab Images (NASA JSC)Skylab Astronomical Experiments (HEASARC, NASA GSFC)

On-line BooksSkylab: A Chronology (NASA SP-4011, 1977)Skylab: A Guidebook (NASA EP-107, 1973)Skylab, Our First Space Station (NASA SP-400, 1977)Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab (NASA SP-4208, 1983)Skylab, Classroom in Space (NASA SP-401, 1977)A New Sun: The Solar Results from Skylab (NASA SP-402, 1979)Skylab's Astronomy and Space Sciences (NASA SP-404, 1979)Skylab EREP Investigations Summary (NASA SP-399, 1978)NASA Investigation Board Report on the Initial Flight Anomalies of Skylab 1 (1973)


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Skylab (1973-027A)

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Skylab (1973-027A)

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.html

http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/iams/html/pao/skylab.htm

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/skylab.html

http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4011/cover.htm

http://history.nasa.gov/EP-107/ep107.htm







http://history.nasa.gov/skylabrep/SRcover.htm

http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This spacecraft was almost identical to the command andservice module used for Apollo missions. Modification wasmade to accomodate long-duration Skylab missions and toallow the spacecraft to remain semi-dormant while docked tothe Skylab cluster. A crew of three men and their provisionswere carried. The mission of this spacecraft was to ferry acrew of three to the Skylab complex and return them to earth.

Skylab CSM 1

NSSDC ID: 1973-032A

Alternate Names

Skylab 2

06655

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-05-25Launch Vehicle: Saturn1BLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 19979.0 kg

Funding Agency


Disciplines

Engineering

Human Crew

Life Science

Microgravity

Space Physics


Launch/Orbitalinformation for SkylabCSM 1

Experiments on SkylabCSM 1

Data collections fromSkylab CSM 1

Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Skylab CSM 1


http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Skylab CSM 1


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Skylab CSM 1 (1973-032A)












Personnel




Skylab



On-line BooksSkylab: A Chronology (NASA SP-4011, NASA History Office)Skylab: A Guidebook (NASA EP-107, NASA History Office)Skylab, Our First Space Station (NASA SP-400, NASA History Office)








http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This spacecraft was almost identical to the command andservice module used for Apollo missions. Modifications weremade to accommodate long-duration Skylab missions and toallow the spacecraft to remain semi-dormant while docked tothe Skylab cluster. A crew of three men and their provisionswere carried. The mission of this spacecraft was to ferry acrew of three to the Skylab complex and return them to earth.

Skylab CSM 2

NSSDC ID: 1973-050A

Alternate Names

Skylab 3

06757

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Disciplines

Human Crew

Life Science






Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data

























Skylab











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

This spacecraft was almost identical to the command andservice module used for Apollo missions. Modifications weremade to accomodate long-duration Skylab missions and toallow the spacecraft to remain semi-dormant while docked tothe Skylab cluster. A crew of three men and their provisionswere carried. The mission of this spacecraft was to ferry acrew of three to the Skylab complex and return them to earth.

Skylab CSM 3

NSSDC ID: 1973-090A

Alternate Names

Skylab 4

06936

Facts in Brief


Funding Agency


Disciplines

Human Crew

Life Science






Personnel


Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data

























Skylab











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Soyuz 12 was a manned Soviet mission launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome. On board were Commander VasiliyLazarev and Flight Engineer Oleg Makarov whose mission wasto check out the improvements made to the Soyuz craft.

Soyuz 12

NSSDC ID: 1973-067A

Alternate Names

06836

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-09-27LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Discipline

Human Crew


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 12

Experiments on Soyuz 12

Data collections fromSoyuz 12



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Soyuz 12

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Soyuz 12


mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Soyuz 12 (1973-067A)











http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Soyuz 13 was part of the ASTP (Apollo-Soyuz Test Program).It's two man crew, Commander Klimuk and Flight EngineerLebedev, performed astrophysical observations of stars in theultraviolet range, spectrozonal photography of specific areas ofthe earths surface, and continued testing of spacecraft'sonboard systems. The spacecraft was recovered December26, 1973 8:50 GMT, in a snowstorm 200 km SW of Karaganda.

Soyuz 13

NSSDC ID: 1973-103A

Alternate Names

06982

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-12-18LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg

Funding Agency

Unknown (U.S.S.R)

Disciplines

Astronomy

Human Crew


Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 13

Experiments on Soyuz 13

Data collections fromSoyuz 13



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Soyuz 13














http://www.usa.gov/








Description

Transit-O 20 was a US Navy navigation satellite launched by aScout A rocket. Transit, one of the first operational satellitesystems, was also know as the Navy Navigation Satellite(NNS).

The Transit spacecraft were developed for updating the inertialnavigation systems on board US Navy Polaris submarines, andlater for civilian use. Transit receivers used the knowncharacteristics of the satellite's orbit, measured the Dopplershift of the satellite's radio signal, and thereby calculated thereceivers position on the earth. As a single spacecraft travelledoverhead, the user measured the Doppler shift over a 15minute period by receiving timing marks and satellite orbitalinformation on two separate frequencies, 149.99 and 399.97MHz. These signals were corrected for ionospheric refractionand the information was then fed into the users navigationsystem.

Individual Transit satellites operated for over 10 years.Technical break- throughs during the program included gravitygradient stabilization, the use of radio-isotope thermoelecticgenerators (RTG), and navigation satellite technologies laterused in the GPS system. Transit was superseded by theNavstar global positioning system. The use of the satellites fornavigation was discontinued at the end of 1996 but thesatellites continued transmitting and became the NavyIonospheric Monitoring System (NIMS).

Transit-O 20

NSSDC ID: 1973-081A

Alternate Names

O-20(Transit)

30200

OSCAR(NAV) 20

06909

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 1973-10-30Launch Vehicle: ScoutLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 58.0 kg

Funding Agency

Department of Defense-Department of the Navy(United States)

Discipline



Launch/Orbitalinformation for Transit-O20

Experiments on Transit-O20

Data collections fromTransit-O 20



Spacecraft

Experiments

Data Collections

Personnel

Publications

Maps

New/Updated Data






http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Transit-O 20

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=Transit-O 20

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Transit-O 20

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/datasetSearch.do?spacecraft=Transit-O 20

mailto:[email protected]?Subject=NMC Comment/Question: Transit-O 20 (1973-081A)











New NASA - NSSDC - Master Catalog - Spacecraft Query · 2010. 9. 11. · Thursday, 19 August 2010....

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