2010 ISPC Presentation

José Luis Barrios Goicetty

Universidad de Oriente

Applied Science and Engineering School

Chemistry Department

Academic

Advisor

Yaneis Obando, MSc.

Industrial

Advisor

Rafael D’Elía

Introduction

H2S Generation

Application & Conclusions

Project Development

Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions

• Sulfide stress cracking

• Hydrogen induced cracking

• Toxicity of the workplace

• Personnel risk

• Environmental footprint

• Mechanical Integrity of the facilities

• Increase of medium/long term

expenses and investments

Problems

Consequences

• No initial H2S

• Negligible for T > 140 ºF

• High temperature and pressure

• Aquous saturation


• No initial H2S

• No anhydrite


Steam GeneratorInjector

Well

Tanks

Producer

Steam and

Condensed Water

Hot

Water Heavy

Oil

Water and

Hevy Oil

Zone

H2O

Heavy Oil


1 Heavy oil

2 Water

3 HP/HT Reactor vessel

4 Temperature/Pressure controller

5 Flash separation vessel

6 Gasometer

7 Dragger tube for H2S

8 Asphaltene content (IP 143/2004)


Pressure

< 1400 psi

Temperature

200 – 300 ºC

W/O Ratio

Aqueous saturation

Sand Presence

Interaction with the porous media


Water/oil input into the reactor’s cell

Closure of the cell and placement on the oven

Temperature set-up and system’s pressurization

Sampling and flash separation

Storage of the gaseous phase

Dragger tube / Asphaltene content analyses


Hydrogen Sulfide Asphaltene Content

S

A

M

P

L

E

I

S

A

M

P

L

E

II

H2S Concentration

<10 ppm

Exposure limit

100 ppm

Lethal (3-15 min)

>700ppm

Unconsciousness


y = -5,9771E-04x + 8,0731E-02

R² = 8,5540E-01

y = -1,2726E-03x + 8,0404E-02

R² = 8,9464E-01

y = -8,9815E-04x + 8,0606E-02

R² = 8,8744E-01

0,072

0,073

0,074

0,075

0,076

0,077

0,078

0,079

0,080

0,081

0,082

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Casf (

mol/L)

Tiempo de reacción (h)

225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC

y = -1,9317E-03x + 7,1833E-02

R² = 7,7905E-01

y = -3,1947E-03x + 6,8869E-02

R² = 9,5633E-01

y = -2,0595E-03x + 6,9416E-02

R² = 9,6925E-01

0,045

0,050

0,055

0,060

0,065

0,070

0,075

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Casf (

mol/L)


225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC

y = 7,5326E-03x + 2,5167E+00

R² = 8,5735E-01

y = 1,6468E-02x + 2,5208E+00

R² = 8,9976E-01

y = 1,1451E-02x + 2,5183E+00

R² = 8,9092E-01

2,500

2,520

2,540

2,560

2,580

2,600

2,620

2,640

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-Ln(C

asf)


225ºC 250ºC 275ºC

y = 3,0144E-02x + 2,6305E+00

R² = 7,7667E-01

y = 5,3283E-02x + 2,6744E+00

R² = 9,7114E-01

y = 3,2345E-02x + 2,6671E+00

R² = 9,7733E-01

2,600

2,650

2,700

2,750

2,800

2,850

2,900

2,950

3,000

3,050

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-Ln(C

asf)


225ºC 250ºC 275ºC

y = 9,4944E-02x + 1,2388E+01

R² = 8,5931E-01

y = 2,1327E-01x + 1,2441E+01

R² = 9,0490E-01

y = 1,4605E-01x + 1,2408E+01

R² = 8,9441E-01

12,20

12,40

12,60

12,80

13,00

13,20

13,40

13,60

13,80

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1/C

asf (L

·mol-1)


225ºC 250ºC 275ºC

y = 4,7167E-01x + 1,3834E+01

R² = 7,7441E-01

y = 8,9627E-01x + 1,4477E+01

R² = 9,8343E-01

y = 5,0959E-01x + 1,4386E+01

R² = 9,8436E-01

13,00

14,00

15,00

16,00

17,00

18,00

19,00

20,00

21,00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1/C

asf (L

·mol-1)


225ºC 250ºC 275ºC

y = 2,3938E+00x + 1,5349E+02

R² = 8,6129E-01

y = 5,5283E+00x + 1,5482E+02

R² = 9,1003E-01

y = 3,7270E+00x + 1,5399E+02

R² = 8,9791E-01

145,00

150,00

155,00

160,00

165,00

170,00

175,00

180,00

185,00

190,00

195,00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1/C

asf (L

2·m

ol-2)


225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC

y = 1,4801E+01x + 1,8986E+02

R² = 7,7229E-01

y = 3,0409E+01x + 2,0833E+02

R² = 9,9260E-01

y = 1,6107E+01x + 2,0656E+02

R² = 9,9021E-01

160,00

210,00

260,00

310,00

360,00

410,00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1/C

asf (L

2·m

ol-2)


225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC

n=1 n=2 n=3n=0

S

A

M

P

L

E

I

S

A

M

P

L

E

II

200 – 300

1 3,5·1015 209

2 1,1·1015 181

3 1,5·107 102

4 2,1·1023 327

5 1,2·106 97

Belgrave y Col.(1994)

(*) Units vary depending on the value on n

200 – 300I 4,7·1013 137

II 2,0·1038 385

T

(ºC)Sample

A

(*)

Ea·10-3

(KJ/Kmol)

Barrios.(2009)


Forecast of H2S

Generation

AppropriateWell

CompletionDesign

SurfaceFacilitiesPlanning


Initial asphaltene content did not show a direct relation with hydrogen sulfide

generation

Hydrogen sulfide generation through aquatermolysis is feasible in the temperature

range between 225-275 ºC, reaching a maximum at 250 ºC (for the studied samples)

The estimation of hydrogen sulfide generation is feasible through the experimental

procedure designed in this work.

Hydrogen sulfide estimations, obtained from an experimental procedure such as

described in this work, are specific for each fluid as they depend on composition and

the fluid properties

Due to the important effect it has over the operations, estimations of H2S generation

must be included in every steam injection project


Rafael D’Elía (Schlumberger)

Yaneis Obando, MSc (U de Oriente)

José Luis Barrios Goicetty

2010 ISPC Presentation

Documents

Transcript of 2010 ISPC Presentation