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Los Cuatro Condicionales
L O S C U R S O S D E I N G L E S G R A T I S P R E F E R I D O S P O R L O S H I S P A N O H A B L A N T E S
Many visitors and subscribers ask us: I was told there are four conditionals inEnglish, but I suppose I know just one. It is true, there exist FOUR different typesof conditional sentences in English. Let's study them here...Muchos visitantes y suscriptores nos consultan: Me dijeron que hay cuatro tipos decondicionales pero creo saber sólo uno. Es cierto, básicamente existen CUATRO tipos decondicionales en inglés que analizamos aquí...
conditional type 0 >> ZERO CONDITIONAL
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT Used for scientific facts or general truths (usado para expresar verdadescientíficas, hechos que nunca cambian o situaciones que siempre ocurren).Algunos gramáticos incluyen este tipo de condicional dentro de FIRSTCONDITIONAL o Conditional Type I.
If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, ésta se derrite.
If you put water in a cooler, it freezes. Si colocas agua en el congelador, ésta se congela.
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. Si calientas agua a 100 grados, ésta hierve.
If you cross an international date line, the time changes. Si cruzas una línea de tiempo internacional, la hora cambia.
If you drop ice in water, it floats. Si tiras hielo al agua, éste flota.
If iron gets wet, it rusts. Si el hierro se moja, se oxida.
conditional type I >> FIRST CONDITIONAL
Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future. Itis generally used for things which may happen (utilizado para cosas que puedenocurrir en presente o futuro).
a) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE
If you study hard, you will pass your exams. Si estudias intensamente aprobarás tus exámenes.
If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct. Si no protegemos a los osos panda, pronto se extinguirán.
b) IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTUREUsed for threats and promises (usado para expresar amenazas y promesas)
Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you. No cuentes una palabra de esto o te mato.
Finish your job, and you will have a bonus. Termina tu tarea y tendrás una gratificación.
c) IMPERATIVE + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT
Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.
Call them in case you need help. Llámalos en caso de necesitar ayuda.
conditional type II >> SECOND CONDITIONAL
Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in thepresent or the future. It is generally used for things which don't or won't
happen. It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado en presenteo futuro para expresar situaciones hipotéticas, que normalmente son irreales oimposibles).
IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONAL If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oración es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas)
If I were rich, I would buy a castle. Si fuera rico, compraría un castillo.
If I were him, I would go and see a doctor. Si fuera él en su lugar consultaría con un médico.
If elephants had wings, they would be able to fly. Si los elefantes tuvieran alas, podrían volar.
conditional type III >> THIRD CONDITIONAL
Used to talk about unreal situations in the past, that is, things which did nothappen in the past. (utilizado para expresar situaciones irreales – que nuncasucedieron – en el pasado y, en general, dentro de un contexto de crítica, queja oremordimiento). En español tienes una construcción similar por lo cual estecondicional no debería resultar complicado.
IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECT
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habría ido a ver.The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you aretalking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop. Si hubieses ahorrado tu dinero, podrías haberte comprado una computadora.
The real situation was that you didn't save your money. So they say If you had saved... When youare talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (you had saved) after IF.
If you hadn't been late for work so often, they wouldn't have fired you. Si no hubieses llegado tarde al trabajo tan seguido, no te habrían despedido.The real situation was that you wasn't early for work. So they say If you hadn't been late... Whenyou are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (you hadn't been late) after IF.
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