5 Norman Yoke.ppt

7/21/2019 5 Norman Yoke.ppt

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The Norman Yoke…

•conquestconquest

• castlescastles

• war & waste war & waste

• forest law forest law

•rebels & outlawsrebels & outlaws

• merrie Englandmerrie England



The day England

acquired a new

royal dynasty, a

new aristocracy, a

new Church, a

new language, a

new …

Hastings,

13 October

1066



Dover burnt

Harold

killed



The on!ueror"s

#oot$rints

Plotted by the destruction recorded inDomesday Book



astles o# the

on!uestThe castle was introduced into England by theThe castle was introduced into England by the

Normans, who built them:Normans, who built them:

It has been estimated that possibly 500 castles were built byIt has been estimated that possibly 500 castles were built by

the end of the eleventh century, an enormous capitalthe end of the eleventh century, an enormous capital

investment; but fewer than 00 can be securely documentedinvestment; but fewer than 00 can be securely documented

!!far and wide throughoutfar and wide throughoutthe country, and oppressedthe country, and oppressed

the wretched people"the wretched people"

## Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Anglo-Saxon Chronicle$$



astles o# the on!uest

Domesday Book

names

themaority

of those

castles

known

to ha!e

e"isted

by #$%



astles o# the on!uest

'udlo'udlo

w w

Che(stoChe(sto w w

Che(stoChe(sto w w

)astings)astings

*hrewsbury *hrewsbury



%enocide in

YorkshireThe on!uest, the rebellions &hich #ollo&ed theon!ueror's coronation, and the #erocit( &ith

&hich some &ere su$$ressed, laid &aste large

areas o# )ngland*

The in#amous +harr(ing o# the north" bet&een

106 and 10-0 &as an act o# genocide &hich

le#t much o# northern )ngland uninhabited #or ageneration*

One chronicler, Ordericus .italis, &rote o# this

+harr(ing"/



+)e the Conqueror- harried the land and

burnt homes to ashes. /owhere else had 0illiam shown such cruelty. 1n his anger he

commanded that all cro(s and herds,

chattels and food of e!ery kind, should be

brought together and burned to ashes with

consuming 2re, so that the whole region

north of the )umber might be stri((ed of all

means of sustenance.

1n consequence, so serious a scarcity was felt

in England, and so terrible a famine fell u(on

the humble and defenceless (o(ulace, that

%enocide in &or'shire



%enocide in &or'shireThe same &riter sa(s that this act haunted

the on!ueror to his d(ing da(* On his death

bed, he re$ented/

+1 ... caused the death of thousands by

star!ation and war,es(ecially in 4orkshire. 1n a

mad fury,1 descended on the English of the north like

a raging lion,and ordered that all their homes

and cro(s,and all their equi(ment and

furnishings,should be burnt at

once5and their great 6ocks and herds of

shee( and cattleslaughtered

e!erywhere.*o 1 chastised a great multitude of men and

women with the lash of star!ation

and, alas, was the cruel murderer of many

thousands3



On the basis o#

recorded &aste

in Domesda(ook, it has

been calculated

that 12 (ears

a#ter the

+harr(ing"

Yorkshire still

had onl( 24 o#

the men and

$loughs therehad been on the

da( in 1066

"&hen 5ing

)d&ard &as

alive and dead"

%enocide in &or'shire

recorded &aste in Domesda(

ook



orest 7a&

orest la& &as another o$$ressive #eature o# Norman

rule* One chronicler, hal#Norman himsel#, described thedeath o# t&o o# the on!ueror's sons in hunting accidents

in the Ne& orest as a 8ust $unishment #or his e9cesses

committed in the name o# the ro(al s$ort o# hunting/+/ow, reader, let me e"(lain why the forest ... is called

7new7. That (art of the country had been (o(ulous in earlierdays ... But after 0illiam 1 conquered the realm of

England, so great was his lo!e of woods that he laid waste

more than $ (arishes, forced the (easants to mo!e to

other (laces, and re(laced the men with beasts of theforest so that he might hunt to his heart7s content. There

he lost two sons, 8ichard and 0illiam 8ufus, and his

grandson 8ichard ... by which the 'ord (lainly showed his

anger3

9:rdericus ;italis<.

k h



orest 7a&

ook sho&s

man(

de$o$ulated

areas in &hatis no& the

Ne& orest,

&here the

$loughs and$easants o#

5ing

)d&ard's

da(s had

been

re$laced

&ith ro(al

the Ne& orest in

10:6

; b l d



These and other disinherited native

nobles #ought back against Norman

t(rann( #rom the shelter o# the #orests

the Normans had created

;ebels and

outla&s<mall &onder then that the#orest #eatures largel( in m(ths

o# the Norman Yoke #rom the

da(s o# Here&ard the =ake and)dric the =ild to ;obin Hood



outla&s

)dric the =ild #eatures in man(

Domesda( entries

)dric the

=ild or)dric o# the

=oods >

&as, like

;obin Hooda#ter him, a

disinherited

nobleman

&ho took to

the #orest to

?ght

Norman



outla&s

The origins o# the

legend o# ;obin

Hood are unkno&n@

but the Norman

on!uest &ould

$rovide the $er#ect

setting



Ansur$risingl(,

nostalgia #or the

%ood Old Da(s can

be detected inDomesda(as in this

custom &hich

made the 7ad(

o# the Banor

+ha$$("



8esters

one o# t&o 8esters named in Domesda( C&hose

!ui$s ma( have had a bitter edge



Domesda( ook =ll this, andmuch more, isrecorded in

Domesday Book,the single most

!aluable sourcefor earlymedie!al history

…......

Domesda y #$%

Domesda y >$$$



Domesda( ook Domesday Book is a maor source for the disci(lines of?

• =rchaeology

• @eogra(hy

• @enealogy

• 'aw

• 'inguistics

• :nomastics

• Palaeogra(hy

• Philology • Proso(ogra(hy

• To(ogra(hy



Domesda( ook Domesday Book is known and studied worldA wide. *cholars from the following countries ha!e(ublished signi2cant work on Domesday Book?

• =ustralia

•Belgium

• Canada

• Denmark

• rance

•@ermany

• )olland

• a(an• /orway

• 8ussia

• *weden

• .*.=.

= com(lete bibliogra(hy of Domesday Book would

(robably number #$,$$$ (ublications

• as well as the ..



ThanThan

k k

you you

for for

watchin watchin

gg

5 Norman Yoke.ppt

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